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91.4.2 +◤-.:ᙠᑭ=ᐳ?@ᑁBḄ6ᐰ8⚪ ◤¡çᨵC3ᑴé¡¿ß )ᑭfᐳP ᑁḄᡂᕒᑣ¨©¥O ᪵ì×)ᐳP ḄEᐰឋ ᜧᜧðìñòóôõö÷øḄᩭR¼¡Ḅᦪ·EᐰùúSB æᖪḄEᐰùú ᪵ðûᜫìýᢝ*+Ḅ»¼ὅÿ ឮᨵᦪᜫ2. ᢈ2.1 ᙠGartnerCDḄEFCloudisquicklybecomingtop-of-mindintheITworld2008GartnerIThypecyclevisibilityGreenIT'ஹSocialComputeSincethepublishingofVideoTeiepre510 ᑁ“*+,”89:;<=2.2*+,⚞?@AᱯC*+,⚞?@AḄᱯCDE(1)FGHIJK⌕Ḅ*+,ᔆᖪODPIT/ᜮOᜐᙠSTᶍᙢ▤X(2)᪗Z[\]ᡂᙠ᪗Z_⚪JabᔜdᔜḄeGHIJḄ*+,fghijᓟlmnᵨᡝᙠ⌱rstuv⍝xz{|}Mᨵ~ὶᔠᐸᔆᖪᩭ*+,Ḅᐵ᪗Z(cloudstandards),uDᔆᖪ“*+,D᪵Ḅ\ᩭ᪵”ᨵᐳ᪵ᵨᡝuᓫḄᔆᖪ,ᙠuḄ*+,ᯠḄ¢£¤2.3¥¦ஹᜧ§¨©ஹª«¨©h*+,ᢈ2.3.1M ᢈ¥¦®F¯°]ᡂ¥¦+,±²ᕒ´ᑴeGḄ¶+,´·CPU¸ᱏḄᜐᳮ±D200MIPS,D·»¼200MtD¾¿ÀᢣÂ,ÃᨬÅÆahoo!ÇÈÉ⍝ÊËÌÍ@Îᨵm⁚C(node)DmPC+,´Ð<ḄᑖÒÓÔÕÖḄᜐᳮ±D2,000,000MIPSo×ØÙÚJᨬÛḄ¸ᱏtÜuᑮÞßᙠà☢âJã+Ḅ¸ᱏḄ×ØDäᙠ▲ḄFGÙÚ℉èḄéê+,´——TOP500,Üᑮ·»ìím¿ÀᢣÂODîᵨᑖÒÓã+ḄÙÚïḄ}MBlueGene
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12,{³Ò᪶ÔfÕᵨÖᑮ“a”sᙠᑁᵨa 1⌕ḄᜧḄÚITᐵὶḄÝÞ;*ᡂSᔣz{àÕa efḄàÕᖪá“ᦪâãᜩ”>¹ὅÕäᐵåa ᫀçèu■êḄëìíÔᡊḄî᪀(ᶍ)2.3.3ᢈ(ᫀ)a íò/Ḅóô¤¥┱Ḅᢣ¹õíòö,aef5-Ḅa Ḅᐺᫀç——ùúûüýÂᕒᵨEC2PeterHarkins,aSeniorEngineeratTheWashingtonPost,heardthenewsspreadthroughtheeditorialdepartmentastheNationalArchivesannouncedthereleaseofHillaryClinton'sofficialWhiteHouseschedule.ThedatawasgoingtobereleasedtothepubliconMarch19that10am.17,481pagesofdataasanon-searchablePDF.ThedocumentsincludedHillaryClinton'sdailyactivitiesasaFirstLadyduringPresidentBillClinton'stwotermsinoffice,from1993-2001thatwerebeingmadepublicundertheFreedomofInformationActaftermultiplerequestsfromjournalistsandwatchdogorganizations.Harkinsknewthatreporterswouldbeveryinterestedinthisdatabutitwouldtakehundredsofmanhourstoporethroughthedocumentslow-qualityPDFfiles.So,about45minutesaftertherelease,Harkinsstartedworkingwiththedata,tryingtofindawaytoconverttheimagesintousable,searchabletextanddeliverthemtothenewsroomwithinthesamenewscycle.HarkinsfirsttestedvariousPDFandOpticalCharacterRecognition(OCR)toolstoconverttheimagesintomachine-readabletext.Withthesesoftwaretools,heestimatedthatitwouldtakeabout30minutesperpagetoprocessthesizabledocumentincludingreformatting,resizing,andscanningeachpage.Workingagainsttime,Harkinsmovedtheprojecttothecloud-AmazonElasticComputeCloud(AmazonEC2).WithAmazonEC2,helaunched200serverinstancestoprocesstheimagestohisspecifications.Withaprocessingspeedofapproximately60
13secondsperpage,theprojectwascompletedwithinninehoursandsenttotheeagerwriterswhobegansearchingagainstthedata.Then,Harkinsandteamcreatedapolishedwebinterfaceandmadetheirsearchabledatabaseavailabletothepublic26hourslater.Harkinsruminates,UEC2madeitpossibleforthisprojecttohappenatthespeedofbreakingnews.Iused1,407hoursofvirtualmachinetimeforafinalexpenseof$144.62.Weconsideritasuccessfulproofofconcept.^^ThedatabaseofHilaryClinton's1993-2001Scheduleispubliclyavailableat:http://projects.washingtonpost.com/2008/clinton-schedule.a Ḅᐺᫀç——Zþÿ JeffBarrᙠ8☢Ḅᙠᩭᩭᨵ !Ḅ⍗ᯠ$%&'ᙠᑁ&)*+WebServices,-&JeffBarr.ᐰᳫᨬᜧḄᙠ34567ᖪᙠ9:;⃩,-ᓽᙠ34567Ḅ>?@+Aᥛ,-Ḅ9:ᙠᐰC&DITEẠGHᐸ@ᒹKLMN-ᘤஹQRஹCPUST+ᐙᑖAᢝ,-Ḅ9:ITEẠGHX◤ᨵZ[\ᨬ]^._`&ᑖ[\ḄLMN-ᘤஹQRஹCPUSTabcdᵨᡝ` ᵨᡝᨬ].• hij9ὅஹ?lᕒnᩭ. op,qnᩭ. @rp,saᵨḄLMN-ᘤஹQRஹCPUSTj9tᵨu⃩vw,-xy9z`.⚗ᐸ}~Ḅ,-2006]ᡂN-&'(AWS),`.h+ᔜp,EẠ᪀N-ḄᵨᡝஹᒹKj9ὅp,$>AWSLMஹQRஹCPUSTᐸITN-JeffBarr⊤ᐸITN-ᳮ+ᝅᡝ,-◤⌕ḄឋITN-tᵨ` N-tᵨ&ᑖᩭ¡¢ᜧ&ᑖᩭ¡EAWSj9tᵨḄj9ὅஹ?lᕒ>j£AWStᵨ¤¥j9ὅஹ?lᕒ^+ᡝj9tᵨAWSḄᡂ.,-9:Ḅᜧ¦ᙠ§¨%©._[\ḄITEẠGHabᵨᡝஹj9ὅzᙠª'ᙠᐰC«¬LMN-ᘤஹQRஹCPUSTᵨᡝஹj9ὅᵨJeffBarr⊤?lᕒAWS ᐹᒹ¯ °±>` ᐹᒹ¯°±²³_¡´j9tᵨஹµ¶$·u⃩N-Ḅ¸¹º⌴bj9ὅJeffBarr` ¼½ᐰ&.¾¿Ḅᦈ¿ḄN-ᒹKLMN-ᘤஹQRஹCPUST$·AWSᨴa¿AWSᨴa¿ᵯÃ
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15Googledeî᪥Zᑜòóôõî᪥ö÷ÀøᐵYᵨúgò☢Ḅᢈ¿ôõLµCüᩭᜧýὶ·ᵨḄᢧᡊ200711ᨴᵯ⌱ᵯᨵ▲Ẇ▾⌱ᵨIBMᔆᵨMᔆ !ஹ#$%&'()ᢝ(InnovationFactory)200711ᨴIBM+,“.IBM45+,“./”2ᑜ6 7ᡝ9ᩭᓽ<ᵨḄ/2>/”(BlueCloud)2ᑜ?ᒹABCᑡḄ/2>EF62>GHHI▲ᙠKᙢMᘤᡈPQServerFarms,RST᪀BVᑖ5Ḅஹ<ᐰᳫZ[Ḅ\]^᪀6ᦪ`aᙠbcdὶfḄgijk2>20082ᨴM45lᙠIBM45lᙠm┱rstuᦟE%w Ḅxym┱opqBV/2>opqBV/2>azal ᐶxy'a(|ᐭBV~2>gḄ6)ᢝᐸ#$20082ᨴMᔠIBM45B⚗13Vᔠ!kὶᔠẆḄ2ᑜ6!+,/2>ὶᔠẆ$/2>gGᓄḄIT\]◤2ᑜ20082ᨴᯠuᯠu45MGoogleopᡊᶍᐵCMGoogleo¥¦§¨(ClusterExploratory,©ªCluE)ᐵCl«¬pᐵC)ᢝ¢Ẇ¢Ẇ®RSᵨBVᜧ°Ḅஹᜧ±²ᑖ5³2>¥¦ᩭkᳮµᭆ·Ḅ¸¹º»20083ᨴM45opM45᰿¾ᐲ%$ÀÁ(IDAIreland)ᙠÂÃopq.V2>aqBV/2>aal'(Å/2>ḄẆÆ&20083ᨴMÇÈÉIBM45ÏÈÉᳮ▾ÊËÊÌᜧkB⚗Í᪥ᔠᳮ▾ÊËÊÌᜧ!2ᑜ6#$Ḅ/2>Ðᢈ¢Ò⚗2ᑜḄÓ᪗Õ#$kᐵÅ/2>ḄÍ᪥ᔠ!2Öᩭᢈ¢×ØITÙ%Úᕒ6ᩭ'ᓣ2>ÝᵨḄឋ]ᑜᑭᵨ6'ÍàE20084ᨴ:Sogetiâᵨãᢈ¢Æ&'(ᖪSogetiᵨÂÃM/2>a'(IBMIdeaFactoryḄMIdeaFactoryᙠᐰḄæᑁkBé%&ê20084ᨴIBM$5☢ᔣIBM+,Bíᐰb°ḄÆ&ᘤiDataPlex,ᵨÅîïWeb2.0ஹÅ/2>ᵨWeb2.0b°Ḅ2>6ðj⃩ᨵᦪòóÆ&ᘤḄᜧ°ᦪḄEFBiDataPlex`aḄᙠᢈ¢ô☢Ḅ◤6õᨵᦔᙢl÷øùpḄ2>Mú BVᐳü\]ý6þÿ ᡠḄ“”20085ᨴ9Bᓭᓭᢈ ᡝ ᙠ!M"Ạ᪀ᡝ(VietnamInnovation$%&'(Ḅᙠ)ᡝ*+ᓭ,-.ᜧ0ᵨ2 345Potal)ᙠEM᪀0ஹ7ᳮ.9:ᦟ<⚗>.20085ᨴ@┱BIBME@┱F,-ᐳHḄBIBC25ᨴ10ITᙠJC ⃩Kḕ@┱FMNOᦟPQRSTUV⃩20086ᨴiTricityEIBMIBMUV₹ᐲḄ]^ᡲ745`aiTricitybᵨ!MᢈcᩭHᔠYHZBCZBCe!M“f”ᢈcg"Ạ$iTricity*hᵨiBCgᐸkᡝlm]^ᡲ74520086ᨴ!MᜧBnoIBMUVᡂZ!MᜧBnoBC$iBC*qrᜧBBCᡂZnᙢoḄkᡝt.uvwxḄty.:z
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18▬[NIST \]^ᫀḄ`ᦻDraftNISTWorkingDefinitionofCloudComputing4-24-09PeterMellandTimGrance-NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology,InformationTechnologyLaboratoryNote1:Cloudcomputingisstillanevolvingparadigm.Itsdefinitions,usecases,underlyingtechnologies,issues,risks,andbenefitswillberefinedinaspiriteddebatebythepublicandprivatesectors.Thesedefinitions,attributes,andcharacteristicswillevolveandchangeovertime.Note2:Thecloudcomputingindustryrepresentsalargeecosystemofmanymodels,vendors,andmarketniches.Thisdefinitionattemptstoencompassallofthevariouscloudapproaches.DefinitionofCloudComputing:Cloudcomputingisapay-per-usemodelforenablingavailable,convenient,on-demandnetworkaccesstoasharedpoolofconfigurablecomputingresources(e.g.,networks,servers,storage,applications,services)thatcanberapidlyprovisionedandreleasedwithminimalmanagementeffortorserviceproviderinteraction.Thiscloudmodelpromotesavailabilityandiscomprisedoffivekeycharacteristics,threedeliverymodels,andfourdeploymentmodels.KeyCharacteristics:On-demandself-service.Aconsumercanunilaterallyprovisioncomputingcapabilities,suchasservertimeandnetworkstorage,asneededwithoutrequiringhumaninteractionwitheachservice'sprovider.Ubiquitousnetworkaccess.Capabilitiesareavailableoverthenetworkandaccessedthroughstandardmechanismsthatpromoteusebyheterogeneousthinorthickclientplatforms(e.g.,mobilephones,laptops,andPDAs).
19Locationindependentresourcepooling.Theprovider'scomputingresourcesarepooledtoserveallconsumersusingamulti-tenantmodel,withdifferentphysicalandvirtualresourcesdynamicallyassignedandreassignedaccordingtoconsumerdemand.Thecustomergenerallyhasnocontrolorknowledgeovertheexactlocationoftheprovidedresources.Examplesofresourcesincludestorage,processing,memory,networkbandwidth,andvirtualmachines.Rapidelasticity.Capabilitiescanberapidlyandelasticallyprovisionedtoquicklyscaleupandrapidlyreleasedtoquicklyscaledown.Totheconsumer,thecapabilitiesavailableforrentoftenappeartobeinfiniteandcanbepurchasedinanyquantityatanytime.Payperuse.Capabilitiesarechargedusingametered,fee-for-service,oradvertisingbasedbillingmodeltopromoteoptimizationofresourceuse.Examplesaremeasuringthestorage,bandwidth,andcomputingresourcesconsumedandchargingforthenumberofactiveuseraccountspermonth.Cloudswithinanorganizationaccruecostbetweenbusinessunitsandmayormaynotuseactualcurrency.Note:Cloudsoftwaretakesfulladvantageofthecloudparadigmbybeingserviceorientedwithafocusonstatelessness,lowcoupling,modularity,andsemanticinteroperability.DeliveryModels:CloudSoftwareasaService(SaaS).Thecapabilityprovidedtotheconsumeristousetheprovider'sapplicationsrunningonacloudinfrastructureandaccessiblefromvariousclientdevicesthroughathinclientinterfacesuchasaWebbrowser(e.g.,web-basedemail).Theconsumerdoesnotmanageorcontroltheunderlyingcloudinfrastructure,network,servers,operatingsystems,storage,orevenindividualapplicationcapabilities,withthepossibleexceptionoflimiteduser-specificapplicationconfigurationsettings.CloudPlatformasaService(PaaS).Thecapabilityprovidedtotheconsumeristodeployontothecloudinfrastructureconsumer-createdapplicationsusingprogramminglanguagesandtoolssupportedbytheprovider(e.g.,java,python,.Net).Theconsumerdoesnotmanageorcontroltheunderl
20yingcloudinfrastructure,network,servers,operatingsystems,orstorage,buttheconsumerhascontroloverthedeployedapplicationsandpossiblyapplicationhostingenvironmentconfigurations.CloudInfrastructureasaService(laaS).Thecapabilityprovidedtotheconsumeristorentprocessing,storage,networks,andotherfundamentalcomputingresourceswheretheconsumerisabletodeployandrunarbitrarysoftware,whichcanincludeoperatingsystemsandapplications.Theconsumerdoesnotmanageorcontroltheunderlyingcloudinfrastructurebuthascontroloveroperatingsystems,storage,deployedapplications,andpossiblyselectnetworkingcomponents(e.g.,firewalls,loadbalancers).DeploymentModels:Privatecloud.Thecloudinfrastructureisownedorleasedbyasingleorganizationandisoperatedsolelyforthatorganization.Communitycloud.Thecloudinfrastructureissharedbyseveralorganizationsandsupportsaspecificcommunitythathassharedconcerns(e.g.,mission,securityrequirements,policy,andcomplianceconsiderations).Publiccloud.Thecloudinfrastructureisownedbyanorganizationsellingcloudservicestothegeneralpublicortoalargeindustrygroup.Hybridcloud.Thecloudinfrastructureisacompositionoftwoormoreclouds(internal,community,orpublic)thatremainuniqueentitiesbutareboundtogetherbystandardizedorproprietarytechnologythatenablesdataandapplicationportability(e.g.,cloudbursting).Eachdeploymentmodelinstancehasoneoftwotypes:internalorexternal.Internalcloudsresidewithinanorganizationsnetworksecurityperimeterandexternalcloudsresideoutsidethesameperimeter.
21▬[b \]^cloudapp-asoftwareapplicationthatisneverinstalledonalocalmachine-it5salwaysaccessedovertheInternet.IQᵨ(cloudapp)——õ}ßàäåஹÃ◤⌕&ᙢíöḄfgQᵨcloudarcs-shortforcloudarchitectures.DesignsforsoftwareapplicationsthatcanbeaccessedandusedovertheInternet.(Cloud-chitectureisjusttoohardtopronounce.)I᪀(cloudarcNtectures)------fgQᵨ÷n!"@ßøäåmᵨcloudbridge-runninganapplicationinsuchawaythatitscomponentsareintegratedwithinmultiplecloudenvironments(whichcouldbeanycombinationofinternal/privateandexternal/publicclouds).Ino(cloudbridge)——ßàQᵨSTúᡂᙠûᔠIë*ḄücN2(ûᔠIᵫý_ᡈý_@JḄI(ᑁ ᡈᐳ)ᡂ)cloudcenter-alargecompany,suchasAmazon,thatrentsitsinfrastructure.(cloudcenter)——ᐸẠḄᜧ( )cloudclient-computingdeviceforcloudcomputing.Updatedversionofthinclient. ᡝ!(cloudclient)——"#Ḅ"#ᜓ᷊ ᡝ!Ḅᓣ'᱐)cloudenabler-vendorthatprovidestechnologyorservicethatenablesaclientorothervendortotakeadvantageofcloudcomputing.*+ὅ(cloudenabler)——*+ᢈ.ᡈ/0ஹ2 ᡝᡈᐸ3+4ᖪ672ᵨᐜ:"#Ḅ+4ᖪcloudenvy-usedtodescribeavendorwhojumpsonthecloudcomputingbandwagonbyrebrandingexistingservices.;ᖪ(cloudenvy)——ᵨ<=>?@AB"#CDEஹᡭᒹ├IJᨵ/0Ḅ+4ᖪcloudOS-alsoknownasplatform-as-a-service(PaaS).ThinkGoogleChrome.LMNO(cloudOS)——PQRSTᓽ/0(PaaS)ocloudportability-theabilitytomoveapplicationsandassociateddataacrossmultiplecloudcomputingenvironments.VWXឋ(cloudportability)------Z[\ᔠ"#^W`4ᵨabcdᐵᦪgḄ6hcloudprovider-makesstorageorsoftwareavailabletoothersoveraprivatenetworkorpublicnetwork(liketheInternet.)
22+4ᖪ(cloudprovider)------Z[ᑁkᡈᵨk(Internet)ᔣ3m*+noᡈpqcloudservicearchitecture(CSA)-anarchitectureinwhichapplicationsandapplicationcomponentsactasservicesontheInternet/0rNs᪀(cloudservicearchitecture)------4ᵨabc4ᵨabᜓMRku/0ḄDvrNs᪀cloudstorage-(justwhatitsays)Sometimescomparedtoleasingacar-youllhavemonthlypaymentsbuthopefullyyoullalwayshavethelastest/greatesttechnology.Youllneverownthetechnologythough.no(cloudstorage)——w⌕ᢥᨴ{|}~ᨵvᨬᨬḄᢈ.——ᯠᨵvᢈ.(ᨵPMᵨB)noḄᭆ"#ᢣZ[4ᵨஹkᢈ.ᡈᑖᦻqNO¡¢6£kuᜧ¤ᔜv¦§ḄnoᜓZ[4ᵨpqᔠ¨ᩭª§«Mᐳ§¬*+ᦪgnocE0®¯¢6ḄD°NOcloudburst-whathappenswhenyourcloudhasanoutageorsecuritybreachandyourdataisunavailable.ᰦ(cloudburst)——²o³´ὑᡈ¦¶·ᐰ¹º»¼ᦪgḄ½¾cloudasaservice(CaaS)-acloudcomputingservicethathasbeenopenedupintoaplatformthatotherscanbuildupon.ᓽ/0(cloudasaservice(CaaS))------¿ᙠSTÁÂÃḄ"#/0ᐸ3mVÄᙠÅSTẠÁ᪀Æ(4ᵨ)cloud-orientedarchitecture(COA)-ITarchitecturethatlendsitselfwelltoincorporatingcloudcomputingcomponents.☢ᔣrN᪀ÈḄ(cloud orientedarchitecture(COA))------Z[ᔠᳮᔠÊ"#ᔜ ᑖḄITrN᪀Ècloudsourcing-outsourcingstorageortakingadvantageofsomeothertypeofcloudservice.ᒹ(CloudSourcing)------ᒹnoᡈᑭᵨᐸ3/0cloudstorm-connectingmultiplecloudcomputingenvironments.Alsocalledcloudnetwork.ÌÍ——ÎÏ\ᔠ"#^PQRkucloudware-softwarethatenablesbuilding,deploying,runningormanagingapplicationsinacloudcomputingenvironment.pq(cloudware)——ᙠ"#^ᵨ<ÆÐஹ Ñஹ³CᡈÒᳮ4ᵨpqḄpq
23cloudwashing-slappingtheword"cloud"onproductsandservicesyoualreadyhave.ÓÔ——ᑭᵨ¿ᨵḄÕÖc/0×ᜧ”Ḅᭆexternalcloud-acloudcomputingenvironmentthatisexternaltotheboundariesoftheorganization. ᙠÙDÚÜÝḄ"#^funnelcloud-discussionaboutcloudcomputingthatgoesroundandroundbutneverturnsintoaction(never“touchestheground51)ÞᧅDàDàᙢâã"#}¦ä{åC`(¦“Ïçᙢ☢”)hybridcloud-acomputingenvironmentthatcombinesbothprivateandpubliccloudcomputingenvironments.\ᔠᒹèéᨵᐳḄ"#^internalcloud-alsocalledaprivatecloud.Acloudcomputing-likeenvironmentwithintheboundariesofanorganization.ᑁ PQéᨵᙠÙDÚÜᑁḄ"#^personalcloud-synonymouswithsomethingcalledMiFi,apersonalwirelessrouter.Ittakesamobilewirelessdatasignalandtranslatesittowi-fi.IfspronouncedME-fi,asin“thepersonalcloudbelongstome—butifyou'reniceHIletyouconnect."°mMiFi§ê--v°m¹ìíᵫᘤðñW`¹ìᦪgòóÊô〈öwi-fioḄ÷øME-fi,“°mù<ᡃ•}üwýþᡃäÿ ”privatecloud-aninternalcloudbehindtheorganization'sfirewall.Thecompany5sITdepartmentprovidessoftwaresandhardwareasaservicetoitscustomers—thepeoplewhoworkforthecompany.Vendorslovethewords"privatecloud.nᨵ■ᜋḄᑁḄITᔣᐸᵨᡝ( Ḅ)"#$%&'% ("# ὅ*+“ᨵ”-./publiccloud-acloudcomputingenvironmentthatisopenforusetothegeneralpublic.ᐳᔣ12Ḅ345roamingworkloads-thebackendproductofcloudcenters.789:;<Ḅ=>?verticalcloud-acloudcomputingenvironmentoptimizedforuseinaparticularverticalindustryᚖAᵨBᱯDᚖAEFḄGᓄḄ345virtualprivatecloud(VPC)-similartoVPNbutappliedtocloudcomputing.Canbe
24usedtobridgeprivatecloudandpubliccloudenvironments.JKᨵ.LJKᨵMN(VPN),OPQRSᵨB34;TᵨBUVᨵ&ᐳ5CloudcomputingInternet("cloud")baseddevelopmentanduseofcomputertechnology("computing“).34WXᱯM() YẠ([34\ᢈ^(34)_E2`&aᵨCloudinfrastructure(Infrastructureasaservice)Thedeliveryofcomputerinfrastructure(typicallyaplatformvirtualizationenvironment)asaservice(e.g.W:AmazonEC2)YẠbc(YẠbcᓽ )"#34\YẠbc(fgJK5)(h ⚗ (jW:AmazonEC2)Cloudplatform(Platformasaservice)Thedeliveryofacomputingplatformandsolutionstackasaservice(e.g.GoogleAppEngine)fg(fgᓽ )"#34\fg&kὃmn(h ⚗ Cloudsoftware(Softwareasaservice)Amodelofsoftwaredeploymentwherebyaproviderlicensesanapplicationtocustomersforuseasaserviceondemand(e.g.Salesforce.com)$%($%ᓽ )#oᖪᐕrsᡝaᵨaᵨoᵨtuḄ$%vmw(ᓽᢥ◤ (j:Salesforce.com)oFabricAtightlycoupledmulti-processingcomputingenvironment(e.g.CiscoUnifiedComputingSystem)fg{᪀}~ᔠḄᜐᳮ345(jCisco34)UnifiedcomputingAnevolutionarydatacenterarchitecturewherebyservers(typicallybladeservers)areintegratedorunifiedwithsupportingnetworkandstorageinfrastructure34ᡂᡈMN&YẠbcḄ ᘤ(VRᑐᱏ ᘤ)᪀ᡂḄ_wᦪ;<{᪀;ᜩt;<ᢈ^& ᐗஹr¡ஹ¢£693700542009¤5ᨴ15¦
