云计算的概念

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15▬IJNISTKLMN₝ᫀḄQᦻDraftNISTWorkingDefinitionofCloudComputing4-24-09PeterMellandTimGrance-NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology,InformationTechnologyLaboratoryNote1:Cloudcomputingisstillanevolvingparadigm.Itsdefinitions,usecases,underlyingtechnologies,issues,risks,andbenefitswillberefinedinaspiriteddebatebythepublicandprivatesectors.Thesedefinitions,attributes,andcharactcristicswillevolveandchangeovertime.Note2:Thecloudcomputingindustryrepresentsalargeecosystemofmanymodcis,vendors,andmarketniches.Thisdefinitionattemptstoencompassallofthevariouscloudapproaches.DefinitionofCloudComputing:Cloudcomputingisapay-per-usemodelforenablingavailable,convenient,on-demandnetworkaccesstoasharedpoolofconfigurablecomputingresourcesCnetworks,servers,storage,applications,services)thatcanberapidlyprovisionedandreleasedwithminimalmanagementeffortorserviceproviderinteraction.Thiscloudmodelpromotesavailabilityandiscomprisedoffivekeycharacteristics,threcdeliverymodels,andfourdeploymentmodels.KeyCharacteristics:On-dcmandsclf-scrxice.Aconsumercanunilaterallyprovisioncomputingcapabilities,suchasserverdmeandnetworkstorage,asneedcdwithoutrequiringhumaninteractionwitheachservice'sprovider.Ubiquitousnetworkaccess.Capabilitiesareavailableoverthenetworkandaccessedthroughstandardmechanismsthatpromoteusebyheterogeneousthinorthickclientplatforms(e.g.,mobilephones,laptops,andPDAs).Locationindependentresourcepooling.Theprovider'scomputingresourcesarepooledtoserveallconsumersusingamulti-tenantmodd,withdifferentphysicalandvirtualresourcesdynamicallyassignedandreassignedaccordingtoconsumerdemand.Thecustomerge

16nerallvhasnocontrolorknowledgeovertheexactlocationoftheprovidedresources.Examplesofresourcesincludestorage,process!ng,memory,networkbandwidth,andvirtualmachines.Rapidelasticity.Capabilitiescanberapidlyandelasticallyprovisionedtoquicklyscaleupandrapidlyreleasedtoquicklyscaledown.Totheconsumer,thecapabilitiesavailableforrentoftenappeartobeinfiniteandcanbepurchasedinanyquantityatanytime.Payperuse.Capabilitiesarcchargedusinga.metered,fce-for-scrvice,oradvertisingbasedbillingmodeltopromoteoptimizationofresourceuse.Examplesarcmeasuringthestorage,bandwidth,andcompudngresourcesconsumedandchargingforthenumberofactiveuseraccountspermonth.Cloudswithinanorganizationaccruecostbetweenbusinessunitsandmayormaynotuseactualcurrency.Note:Cloudsoftwaretakesfulladvantageofthecloudparadigmbybeingserviceorientedwithafocusonstatelessness,lowcoupling,modularity,andsemanticinteroperability.DeliveryModels:CloudSoftwareasaService(SaaS),Thecapabilityprovidedtotheconsumeristousetheprovider7sapplicationsrunningonacloudinfrastructureandaccessiblefromvariousclientdevicesthroughathinclientinterfacesuchasaWebbrowser(e.g.,web-basedemail).Theconsumerdoesnotmanageorcontroltheunderlyingcloudinfrastructure,network,servers,operatingsystems,storage,orevenindividualapplicationcapabilities,withthepossibleexceptionoflimiteduser-specificapplicationconfigurationsettings.CloudPlatformasaService(PaaS).Thecapabilityprovidedtotheconsumeristodeployontothecloudinfrastructureconsumcr-createdapplicationsusingprogramminglanguagesandtoolssupportedbytheprovider(c.g.,java,python,.Net)•Theconsumerdocsnotmanageorcontroltheunderlyingcloudinfrastructure,network,servers,operatingsystems,orstorage,buttheconsumerhascontroloverthedeployedapplicationsandpossiblyapplicationhostingenvironmentconfigurations.CloudInfrastructureasaService(laaS).Thecapabilityprovidedtotheconsumeristorent:processing,storage,networks,andother

17fiindamentalcomputingresourceswheretheconsumerisabletodcployandrunarbitrarysoftware,whichcanincludeoperatingsystcmsandapplications.Theconsumerdoesnotmanageorcontroltheunderlyingcloudinfrastructurebuthascontroloveroperatingsystems,storage,deployedapplications,andpossiblyselectnetworkingcomponents(e.g.,firewalls,loadbalancers).DeploymentModels:Privatecloud.Thecloudinfrastructureisownedorleasedbyasing/eorganizationandisoperatedsolelyforthatorganization.Communitycloud.Thecloudinfrastructureissharedbyseveralorganizadonsandsupportsaspecificcommunitythathassharedconccrns(e.g.,mission,securityrequirements,policy,andcomplianceconsidcrations).Publiccloud.Thecloudinfrastructureisownedbyanorganizationsellingcloudservicestothegeneralpublicortoalargeindustrygroup.Hybridcloud.Thecloudinfrastructureisacompositionoftwoormoreclouds(internal,community,orpublic)thatremainuniqueentitiesbutareboundtogetherbystandardizedorproprietarytechnologythatenablesdataandapplicationportability(e.g,,cloudbursting).Eachdeploymentmodelinstancehasoneoftwotypes:internalorexternal.Internalcloudsresidewithinanorganizationsnetworksecurityperimeterandexternalcloudsresideoutsidethesameperimeter.▬ISKLMNcloudapp-asoftwareapplicationthatisneverinstalledonalocalmachineitsalwaysaccessedovertheInternet.ᵨ(cloudapp)——UVWXYZஹ[\◤⌕]ᙢ_`Ḅᵨ஺cloudarcs-shortforcloudarchitectures.DesignsforsoftwareapplicationsthatcanbeaccessedandusedovertheInternet.(Cloud-chitectureisjusttoohardtopronounce.)a᪀(cloudarchitectures)------cᵨd,?eWfYZgᵨ஺

18cloudbridge-runninganapplicationinsuchawaythatkscomponentsarcintegratedwithinmultiplecloudenvironments(whichcouldbeanycombinationofinternal/privateandcxternnl/publicclouds).᫑(cloudbridge)WXᵨFGiᡂᙠkᔠl᛻DḄno@A஺(kᔠᵫrᡈreḄ(ᑁu,vwᡈ.ᐳ)9ᡂ)஺cloudcenter-alargecompany,suchasAmazon,thatrentsitsinfrastructure.DE(cloudcenter)-------*zᐸ|Ạd~Ḅᜧ./(᝞)஺cloudclient-computingdeviceforcloudcomputing.Updatedversionofthindient.ᡝ(cloudclient)——Ḅdᜓ,᷊ᡝḄᓣ᱐]஺cloudenabler-vendorthatprovidestechnologyorservicethatenablesaclientorothervendortotakeadvantageofcloudcomputing.ὅ(cloudenabler)——ᢈKᡈஹgᡝᡈᐸᖪgᵨᐜḄᖪ஺clouden\y-usedtodescribeavendorwhojumpsonthecloudcomputingbandwagonbyrebrandingexistingservices.Dᖪ(clouden^)ᵨAஹᡭᒹ├ᨵḄᖪ஺cloudOS-alsoknownasplatfbrni-as-a-scrxicc(PaaS).ThinkGoogleChronic.¢£¤¥(cloudOS)——$¦c§¨ᓽ(P^S)ocloudportability-theabilitytomoveapplicationsandassociateddataacrossmultiplecloudcomputingenvironments.?ª«ឋ(cloudportability)------WXkᔠl᛻ªᵨFG®ᐵᦪ5Ḅ°஺cloudprovider-makesstorageorsoftwarenv^iilnbletoothersoveraprivatenetworkorpublicnetwork(liketheInternet.)ᖪ(cloudprovider)-------WXᑁᡈ.ᵨ(Internet)ᔣ²³´ᡈ஺cloudservicearchitecture(CSA)-anarchitectureinwhichapplicationsandapplicationcomponentsnetasservicesontheInternetµ¤¶᪀(cioudsendeearchitecture)------ᵨFGᵨFGdᜓ£c

19ḄJµ¤¶᪀஺cloudstorage-(justwhatitsays)Sometimescomparedtoleasingacar-you11havemonthlypaymentsbut:hopefullyyou'11alwayshavethelastest/greatesttechnology.You'11neverownthetechnologythough.³´(cloudstorage)——·⌕ᢥᨴ)º,»¼½¾¿ÀᨵᨬÂÃᨬÄḄᢈKJÅᯠ[ÆÀᨵᢈK(ᨵÇ$ÈÉ£zᵨÊ)஺Ë:³´ḄᭆÎÏÐ,#VᢣWXiÒᵨஹÓᢈKᡈᑖÕoᦻ¤¥7Ö,×DᜧØᔜ\ÚḄ³´dᜓWXᵨiᔠÛᩭÝÚÞ£,ᐳÚß᜜ᦪ5³´YZÖḄJᤥ஺cloudburst-whathappenswhenyourcloudhasanoutageorsecuritybreachandyourdataisunavâable.ᰦ(cloudburst)——!´@äὑᡈ\æçᐰÇ,éêëìᦪ5Ḅíî஺cloudasaservice(CaaS)-acloudcomputingservicethathasbeenopenedupintoaplatformthatotherscanbuildupon.ᓽ(cloudasaservice(CaaS))-------ïᙠ§¨=Ḅ,ᐸ²?eᙠð§¨|Ạ᪀ñ(ᵨ)஺cloud-orientedarchitecture(COA)-ITarchitecturethatlendsitselfwelltoincorporatingcloudcomputingcomponents.☢ᔣµ¤᪀aḄ(cloud-orientedarchitecture(COA))-------WXᔠᳮ*zᔠôᔜuᑖḄ1Tµ¤᪀a஺cloudsourcing-outsourcingstorageortakingadvantageofsomeothertypeofcloudservice.ᒹ(CloudSourcing)------᜜ᒹ³´ᡈᑭᵨᐸ஺cloudstorm-connectingmuldpJecloudcomputingenvironments.Alsocalledcloudnetwork.ö÷øùkᔠl᛻,$Ȧc஺cloudware-softwarethatenablesbuilding,deploying,runningormanagingapplicationsinacloudcomputingenvironment.(cloudware)——ᙠl᛻Dᵨñúஹuûஹ@AᡈüᳮᵨḄ஺cloudwashing-slappingthewordcloudonproductsandservicesyoualreadyhave.ýþ——ᑭᵨïᨵḄÿ
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