历考研英语二真题及答案

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2010ὃẆ⚪ᫀSectionIUseofEnglishDirections:TheoutbreakofswinefluthatwasfirstdetectedinMexicowasdeclaredaglobalpandemiconJune11,2009,inthefirstdesignationbytheWorldHealthOrganizationofaworldwidepandemicin41years.TheheightenedalertcameafteranemergencymeetingwithfluexpertsinGenevathatconvenedafterasharpriseincasesinAustralia,andrisingnumbersinBritain,Japan,Chileandelsewhere.Butthepandemicis"moderate”inseverity,accordingtoMargaretChan,theorganization^directorgeneral,withtheoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientsexperiencingonlymildsymptomsandafullrecovery,oftenintheabsenceofanymedicaltreatment.TheoutbreakcametoglobalnoticeinlateApril2009,whenMexicanauthoritiesnoticedanunusuallylargenumberofhospitalizationsanddeathsamonghealthyadults.AsmuchofMexicoCityshutdownattheheightofapanic,casesbegantocropupinNewYorkCity,thesouthwesternUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld.IntheUnitedStates,newcasesseemedtofadeaswarmerweatherarrived.ButinlateSeptember2009,officialsreportedtherewassignificantfluactivityinalmosteverystateandthatvirtuallyallthesamplestestedarethenewswineflu,alsoknownas(A)H1N1,notseasonalflu.@Zov&01IntheU.S.,ithasinfectedmorethanonemillionpeople,andcausedmorethan600deathsandmorethan6,000hospitalizations.FederalhealthofficialsreleasedTamifluforchildrenfromthenationalstockpileandbegantakingordersfromthestatesfbrthenewswinefluvaccine.Thenewvaccine,whichisdifferentfromtheannualfluvaccine,isavailableaheadofexpectations.MorethanthreemilliondosesweretobemadeavailableinearlyOctober2009,thoughmostofthoseinitialdoseswereoftheFluMistnasalspraytype,whichisnotrecommendedfbrpregnantwomen,peopleover50orthosewithbreathingdifficulties,heartdiseaseorseveralotherproblems.Butitwasstillpossibletovaccinatepeopleinotherhigh-riskgroup:healthcareworkers,peoplecaringfbrinfantsandhealthyyoungpeople.SectionIIReadingcomprehensionPartADirections:

1Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CandD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)TextlThelongestbullruninacenturyofart-markethistoryendedonadramaticnotewithasaleof56worksbyDamienHirst,"BeautifulInsideMyHeadForever”,atSotheby'sinLondononSeptember15th2008(seepicture).Allbuttwopiecessold,fetchingmorethana70m,arecordforasalebyasingleartist.Itwasalasthurrah.Astheauctioneercalledoutbids,inNewYorkoneoftheoldestbanksonWallStreet,LehmanBrothers,filedforbankruptcy.Theworldartmarkethadalreadybeenlosingmomentumforawhileafterrisingvertiginouslysince2003.Atitspeakin2007itwasworthsome$65billion,reckonsClareMcAndrew,founderofArtsEconomics,aresearchfirm-doublethefigurefiveyearsearlier.Sincethenitmayhavecomedownto$50billion.Butthemarketgeneratesinterestfarbeyonditssizebecauseitbringstogethergreatwealth,enormousegos,greed,passionandcontroversyinawaymatchedbyfewotherindustries.IntheweeksandmonthsthatfollowedMrHirsfssale,spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable,especiallyinNewYork,wherethebail-outofthebankscoincidedwiththelossofthousandsofjobsandthefinancialdemiseofmanyart-buyinginvestors.Intheartworldthatmeantcollectorsstayedawayfromgalleriesandsalerooms.Salesofcontemporaryartfellbytwo-thirds,andinthemostoverheatedsector-fbrChinesecontemporaryarttheyweredownbynearly90%intheyeartoNovember2008.Withinweekstheworld'stwobiggestauctionhouses,Sotheby'sandChristie's,hadtopayoutnearly$200minguaranteestoclientswhohadplacedworksfbrsalewiththem.ThecurrentdownturnintheartmarketistheworstsincetheJapanesestoppedbuyingImpressionistsattheendof1989,amovethatstartedthemostseriouscontractioninthemarketsincethesecondworldwar.Thistimeexpertsreckonthatpricesareabout40%downontheirpeakonaverage,thoughsomehavebeenfarmorevolatile.ButEdwardDolman,Christie'schiefexecutive,says:'Tmprettyconfidentwe'reatthebottom.”Whatmakesthisslumpdifferentfromthelast,hesays,isthattherearestillbuyersinthemarket,whereasintheearly1990s,wheninterestrateswerehigh,therewasnodemandeventhoughmanycollectorswantedtosell.Christie'srevenuesinthefirsthalfof2009werestillhigherthaninthefirsthalfof2006.Almosteveryonewhowasinterviewedforthisspecialreportsaidthatthebiggestproblematthemomentisnotalackofdemandbutalackofgoodworktosell.ThethreeDs-death,debtanddivorcestilldeliverworksofarttothemarket.Butanyonewhodoesnothavetoselliskeepingaway,waitingfbrconfidencetoreturn.

221.Inthefirstparagraph,DamienHirsfssalewasreferredtoas“alastvictory^becauseA.theartmarkethadwitnessedasuccessionofvictoryiesB.theauctioneerfinallygotthetwopiecesatthehighestbidsC.BeautifulInsideMyHeadForeverwonoverallmasterpiecesD.itwassuccessfullymadejustbeforetheworldfinancialcrisis22.Bysaying''spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable”(Linel-2,Para.3),theauthorsuggeststhat.A.collectorswerenolongeractivelyinvolvedinart-marketauctionsB.peoplestoppedeverykindofspendingandstayedawayfromgalleriesC.artcollectionasafashionhadlostitsappealtoagreatextentD.worksofartingeneralhadgoneoutoffashionsotheywerenotworthbuying23.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTture?A.Salesofcontemporaryartfelldramaticallyfrom2007to2008.B.Theartmarketsurpassedmanyotherindustriesinmomentum.C.Themarketgenerallywentdownwardinvariousways.D.Someartdealerswereawaitingbetterchancestocome.24.ThethreeDsmentionedinthelastparagraphareA.auctionhouses'favoritesB.contemporarytrendsC.factorspromotingartworkcirculationD.stylesrepresentingimpressionists25.Themostappropriatetitleforthistextcouldbe_A.FluctuationofArtPricesB.Up-to-dateArtAuctionsC.ArtMarketinDeclineD.ShiftedInterestinArts()Text2

3IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom-awomen'sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Throughouttheeveningonemanhadbeenparticularlytalkativefrequentlyofferingideasandanecdoteswhilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.TowardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon'ttalktothem.Thismanquicklyconcurred.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid"She'sthetalkerinourfamily."Theroomburstintolaughter;themanlookedpuzzledandhurt.HIfstrue"heexplained."WhenIcomehomefromworkIhavenothingtosay.Ifshedidn'tkeeptheconversationgoingwe'dspendthewholeeveninginsilence.”ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituationstheyoftentalklessathome.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate70s.SociologistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbook"DivorceTalk**thatmostofthewomensheinterviewed-butonlyafewofthemen-gavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percentthatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyear-avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.Inmyownresearchcomplaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechancefbracareertoaccompanyahusbandtohisordoingfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaningcookingsocialarrangementsanderrands.Insteadtheyfocusedoncommunication:nHedoesn'tlistentome""Hedoesn'ttalktome."IfoundasHackerobservedyearsbeforethatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobefirstandforemostconversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives.Inshorttheimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingatthebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisfacewhileawomanglaresatthebackofitwantingtotalk.26.Whatismostwives*mainexpectationoftheirhusbands?A.Talkingtothem.B.Trustingthem.C.Supportingtheircareers.D.Shsringhousework.27.Judgingfromthecontext,thephrase“wreakinghavoc”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans___.Ageneratingmotivation.B.exertinginfluenceC.causingdamageDcreatingpressure

428.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPTA.mentendtotalkmoreinpublictanwomenB.nearly50percentofrecentdivorcesarecausedbyfailedconversationC.womenattachmuchimportancetocommunicationbetweencouplesDafemaletendstobemoretalkativeathomethanherspouse29.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemianideaofthistext?A.Themoraldecayingdeservesmoreresearchbysociologists.B.Marriagebreakupstemsfromsexinequalities.C.Husbandandwofehavedifferentexpectationsfromtheirmarriage.D.Conversationalpatternsbetweenmanandwifearedifferent.30.Inthefollowingpartimmediatelyafterthistext,theauthorwillmostprobablyfbcusonA.avividaccountofthenewbookDivorceTalkB.adetaileddescriptionofthestereotypicalcartoonC.otherpossiblereasonsforahighdivorcerateintheU.S.DabriefintroductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHackerTxet3overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors——habits——amongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacks,applylotionsandwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likehandwashingwithsoap,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan'tfigureouthowtochangepeople'shabits,“Dr.Curtissaid."Wewantedtolearnfromprivateindustryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically.^^ThecompaniesthatDr.CurtisturnedtoProcter&Gamble,Colgate-PalmoliveandUnilever——hadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollars

5findingthesubtlecuesinconsumers9livesthatcorporationscouldusetointroducenewroutines.Ifyoulookhardenough,you911findthatmanyoftheproductsweuseeveryday——chewinggums,skinmoisturizers,disinfectingwipes,airfresheners,waterpurifiers,healthsnacks,antiperspirants,colognes,teethwhiteners,fabricsofteners,vitaminsareresultsofmanufacturedhabits.Acenturyago,fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today,becauseofcannyadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscmbtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands.Afewdecadesago,manypeopledidn'tdrinkwateroutsideofameal.Thenbeveragecompaniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offsprings,andnowofficeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwateralldaylong.Chewinggum,onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys,isnowfeaturedincommercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.Skinmoisturizersareadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautyrituals,slippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup.“Ourproductssucceedwhentheybecomepartofdailyorweeklypatterns/9saidCarolBerning,aconsumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromProcter&Gamble,thecompanythatsold$76billionofTide,Crestandotherproductslastyear."Creatingpositivehabitsisahugepartofimprovingourconsumers9lives,andit'sessentialtomakingnewproductscommerciallyviable79Throughexperimentsandobservation,socialscientistslikeDr.Berninghavelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughrelentlessadvertising.Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods.31.AccordingtoDr.Curtis,habitslikehandwashingwithsoap.[A]shouldbefurthercultivated[B]shouldbechangedgradually[C]aredeepiyrootedinhistory[D]arebasicallyprivateconcerns32.Bottledwater,chewinggunandskinmoisturizersarementionedinParagraph5soasto[A]revealtheirimpactonpeople'habits[B]showtheurgentneedofdailynecessities[C]indicatetheireffectonpeople'buyingpower[D]manifestthesignificantroleofgoodhabits

633.whichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtoproductsthathelpcreatepeople'shabits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilver34.Fromthetextwekonwthatsomeofconsumer'shabitsaredevelopeddueto[A]perfectedartofproducts[B]automaticbehaviorcreation[C]commercialpromotions[D]scientificexperiments35.theauthor5sattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertisementonpeople'shabitsis____[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biasedText4ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionofthecommunity;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,sex,ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.Thejuryisalsosaidtobethebestsurvivingexampleofdirectratherthanrepresentativedemocracy.Inadirectdemocracy,citizenstaketurnsgoverningthemselves,ratherthanelectingrepresentativestogovernfbrthem.Butasrecentlyasin1986,juryselectionproceduresconflictedwiththesedemocraticideals.Insomestates,fbrexample,jurydutywaslimitedtopersonsofsupposedlysuperiorintelligence,education,andmoralcharacter.AlthoughtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentionalracialdiscriminationinjuryselectionasearlyasthe1880caseofstrauderv.WestVirginia,thepracticeofselectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenientwayaroundthisandotherantidiscriminationlaws.Thesystemalsofailedtoregularlyincludewomenonjuriesuntilthemid-20thcentury.AlthoughwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnotuntil

7the1940sthatamajorityofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjuryduty.Eventhenseveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjurydutyunlesstheypersonllyaskedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejurylist.Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct,usheringinaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejury.Thislawabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfederaljurorsandrequiredthemtobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionoftheentirecommunity.Inthelandmark1975decisionTaylorv.Louisiana,theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthecommunitytothestatelevel.TheTaylordecisionalsodeclaredsexdiscriminationinjuryselectiontobeunconstitutionalandorderedstatestousethesameproceduresforselectingmaleandfemalejurors.36.FromtheprinciplesoftheUSjurysystem,weleamthat[A]bothliterateandilliteratepeoplecanserveonjuries[B]defendantsareimmunefromtrialbytheirpeers[C]noagelimitshouldbeimposedforjuryservice[D]judgmentshouldconsidertheopinionofthepublic37.Thepracticeofselectingso-calledelitejurorspriorto1968showed[A]theinadequavyofantidiscriminationlaws[B]theprevalentdiscriminationagainstcertainraces[C]theconflictingidealsinjuryselectionprocedures38.Eveninthe1960s,womenwereseldomonthejurylistinsomestatesbecause[A]theywereautomaticallybannedbystatelaws[B]theyfellfarshortoftherequiredqualifications[C]theyweresupposedtoperformdomesticduties[D]theytendedtoevadepublicengagement39.AftertheJurySelectionandServiceActwaspassed.

8[A]sexdiscriminationinjuryselectionwasunconstitutionalandhadtobeabolished[B]educationalrequirementsbecamelessrigidintheselectionoffederaljurors[C]jurorsatthestateleveloughttoberepresentativeoftheentirecommunity[D]statesoughttoconformtothefederalcourtinreformingthejurysystem40.indiscussingtheUSjurysystem,thetextcenterson[A]itsnatureandproblems[B]itscharacteristicsandtradition[C]itsproblemsandtheirsolutions[D]itstraditionanddevelopmentSectionIIITranslation46.Directions:InthissectionthereisatextinEnglish.TranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)()“Suatainability“hasbecomeapopularwordthesedays,buttoTedNing,theconceptwillalwayshavepersonalmeaning.Havingenduredapainfiilperiodofunsustainabilityinhisownlifemadeitcleartohimthatsustainability-orientedvaluesmustbeexpressedthougheverydayactionandchoice.Ningrecallsspendingaconfiisingyearinthelate1990ssellinginsurance.He'dbeenthoughthedot-comboomandburstand,desperatefbrajob,signedonwithaBoulderagency.Itdidin'tgowell."Itwasareallyhadmovebecausethat'snotmypassion,“saysNing,whosedilemmaaboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalackofsales,"Iwasmiserable,IhadsomuchanxietythatIwouldwakeupinthemiddleofthenightandstareattheceiling.Ihadnomoneyandneededthejob.Everyonesaid,'Justwait,you'lltrunthecorner,giveitsometime.'"ὃ“ᢝ''᝞ᡂ!"#$%&'TedNing()%*ᭆ,-ᨵ/01%2ᔊ45678Ḅ/:;•%=>?@☢ᔣCᢝDEᔣḄFGH%IJKLᑮNᜩḄ"PQ⌱ST஺NingVWX20YZ9()[\]^ᓬ`◅Ḅb5cdeᐝ%>ghijᐶXḄlmnoᙢqrs%tuvBoulder\ᳮx᪀z4{஺

9|}~tᑭ%TedNingᑮ“bḄ⌱S%Dᡃ'ᨵ}%”C⚜ᧇ%>rsTḄDᨵ஺Ning“ᡃ67ᓤXᩭḼᜩ%ᡃ¡%ᡃ◤⌕rs%N/¤‘¦ᔳ%¨⌕ᨵὊª«¬Ḅ஺47.Directions:YouhavejustcomebackfromtheU.S.asamemberofaSino-Americanculturalexchangeprogram.WritealettertoyourAmericancolleagueto1)Expressyourthanksforhis/herwarmreception;2)Welcomehim/hertovisitChinainduecourse.2010[ὃẆ⚪ᫀ21D22A23B24C25C26A27C28D29D30B31A32A33D34C35B36A37C38C39C40D¼⚪½FTTTF"Sustainability”hasbecomeapopularwordthesedays,buttoTedNing,theconceptwillalwayshavepersonalmeaning.Havingenduredapainfulperiodofunsustainabilityinhisownlifemadeitcleartohimthatsustainability-orientedvaluesmustbeexpressedthrougheverydayactionandchoice.¾%“ᢝ¿ឋ”2ᡂD4!"Ḅ#஺&%'ᱯÂÃᩭ%Ä'*#ᨵḼÅÆḄÇ«஺ᙠÉÊ4•567ḄஹÌCDÍḄ:;ÎÏ%>?@ᙢÐÑᑮ%Cᢝ¿ÒDEᔣḄ:;FGIJghÓÔḄ;PQÕÖḄ⌱S⊤ØÖᩭ஺Ningrecallsspendingaconfusingyearinthelate1990ssellinginsurance.He'dbeenthroughthedot-comboomandburstand,desperateforajob,signedonwithaBoulderagency.ÃVW4ᙠÙYZ90[\]^ḄÚ[%>ᓬ`◅%bÛÜÜᘥᘥḄ:;஺ᙠ2ᔊ4lm2ÞḄᐶßQ⊦áÎÏ%>âÔãᑮärs%åQæçÂḄ\ᳮèéz4ᔠ{஺Itdidn#tgowell."Itwasareallybadmovebecausethat#snotmypassion,஻saysNing,whosedilemmaaboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalackofsales.஻Iwasmiserable.IhadsomuchanxietythatIwouldwakeupinthemiddleofthenightandstareattheceiling.Ihadnomoneyandneededthejob.Everyonesaid,“Justwait,you#11turnthecorner,giveitsometime.

10|}~%“bḄëḄ•Û⌱S%DbtâᡃḄ}ᡠᙠ%”Ã᝞஺Cíî%>*ÛrsÙḄï᛻ᵫå├óôõ⌼ᡂḄ஺“ᡃ÷ãøù஺ᡃúûª4%Cüåᡃ«ᙠý⏨ᩭ%Ḽᜩ஺ᨵ¡%ᡃ◤⌕*ärs஺N/¤«%¦ᔳ%ÿᨵḄᔳ஺”2011Ẇᐭὃ⚪SectionIUseofEnglishDirections/Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblackandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers,ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehindtheexplosionofcyber-crimethathas1acrosstheWeb.Canprivacybepreserved2bringingsafetyandsecuritytoaworldthatseemsincreasingly3?Lastmonth,HowardSchmidt,thenation'scyber-czar,offeredthefederalgovernmenta4tomaketheWebasaferplace-a"voluntarytrustedidentity”systemthatwouldbethehigh-tech5ofaphysicalkey,afingerprintandaphotoIDcard,allrolled6one.Thesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard,oradigitalcredential7toaspecificcomputer.andwouldauthenticateusersatarangeofonlineservices.Theideaisto8afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems.Usercould9whichsystemtojoin,andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshavebeenauthenticatedcouldnavigatethosesystems.TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriver1slicense10bythegovernment.GoogleandMicrosoftareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavethese“singlesign-on”systemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto11justoncebutusemanydifferentservices.12.theapproachwouldcreatea^walledgardenncyberspace,withsafe“neighborhoods“andbright“streetlights”toestablishasenseofa13community.Mr.Schmidtdescribeditasauvoluntaryecosystem“inwhichuindividualsandorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith14,trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure15whichthetransactionruns”.Still,theadministration,splanhas16privacyrightsactivists.Someapplaudtheapproach;othersareconcerned.Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould17beacompulsoryInternet"drive'slicense”mentality.

11Theplanhasalsobeengreetedwith18bysomecomputersecurityexperts,whoworrythattheuvoluntaryecosystem“envisionedbyMr.SchmidtwouldstillleavemuchoftheInternet19.TheyarguethatallInternetusersshouldbe20toregisterandidentifythemselves,inthesamewaythatdriversmustbelicensedtodriveonpublicroads.1A.sweptB.skippedC.walkedD.ridden2A.forB.withinC.whileD.though3A.carelessB.lawlessC.pointlessD.helpless4A.reasonB.reminderC.compromiseD.proposal5A.informatB.interfereC.entertainmD.equivaleionneeentnt6A.byB.intoC.fromD.over7A.linkedB.directedC.chainedD.compared8A.dismissB.discoverC.createD.improve9A.recallB.suggestC.selectD.realize1C.distributeD.delivereA.releasedB.issued0.dd1A.carryonB.lingeronC.setinD.login1.1D.InA.InvainB.IneffectC.Inreturn2.contrast1B.modernizeD.competinA.trustedc.thriving3.dg1A.cautionB.delightC.confidenceD.patience4.1A.onB.afterC.beyondD.across5.1B.disappoinA.dividedC.protectedD.united6.ted1A.frequestB.incidentaC.occasionalD.eventual

127.lyUylyly1A.skepticiC.indifferenD.enthusiaB.relerance8.smcesm1A.manageabB.defendablD.invisiblC.vulnerable9.leee2A.invitedB.appointedC.allowedD.forced0.SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs'sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000:ayearlatershebecamepresidentofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmucheroticism.Butbytheendof2009Ms.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman,scompensationcommittee;howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?ByFebruarythenextyearMs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.Outsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful,yetlessbiased,advisersonafirm'sboard.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive'sproposals.Ifthesky,andthesharepriceisfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabasehatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmorethan64,000differentdirectorsbetween1989and2004.Thentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromoneproxystatementtothenext.Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotheresearchersconcentratedonthose“surprise”disappearancesbydirectorsundertheageof70.Theyfountthatafterasurprisedeparture,theprobabilitythatthecompanywillsubsequentlyhavetorestateearningsincreasedbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoincreases,andthestockislikely

13toperformworse.Theeffecttendedtobelargerforlargerfirms.Althoughacorrelationbetweenthemleavingandsubsequentbadperformanceatthefirmissuggestive,itdoesnotmeanthatsuchdirectorsarealwaysjumpingoffasinkingship.Oftentheyutradeup."Leavingriskier,smallerfirmsforlargerandmorestablefirms.Buttheresearchersbelievethatoutsidedirectorshaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheirreputationsiftheyleaveafirmbeforebadnewsbreaks,evenifareviewofhistoryshowstheywereontheboardatthetimeanywrongdoingoccurred.Firmswhowanttokeeptheiroutsidedirectorsthroughtoughtimesmayhavetocreateincentives.OtherwiseoutsidedirectorswillfollowtheexampleofMs.Simmons,onceagainverypopularoncampus.21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Ms.Simmonswascriticizedfor.[A]gainingexcessiveprofits[B]failingtofulfillherduty[C]refusingtomakecompromises[D]leavingtheboardintoughtimes22.WelearnfromParagraph2thatoutsidedirectorsaresupposedtobe.[A]generousinvestors[B]unbiasedexecutives[C]sharepriceforecasters[D]independentadvisers23.AccordingtotheresearchersfromOhioUniversityafteranoutsidedirector'ssurprisedeparture,thefirmislikelyto.[A]becomemorestable[B]reportincreasedearnings[C]dolesswellinthestockmarket[D]performworseinlawsuits24.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatoutsidedirectors.[A]maystayfortheattractiveoffersfromthefirm[B]haveoftenhadrecordsofwrongdoingsinthefirm[C]areaccustomedtostress-freeworkinthefirm[D]willdeclineincentivesfromthefirm

1425.Theauthorsattitudetowardtheroleofoutsidedirectorsis.[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]criticalText2Whateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspaper?Ayearagotheendseemednear.Therecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertisingandreadersthathadnotalreadyfledtotheinternet.NewspapersliketheSanFranciscoChroniclewerechroniclingtheirowndoom.America'sFederalTradecommissionlaunchedaroundoftalksabouthowtosavenewspapers.Shouldtheybecomecharitablecorporations?Shouldthestatesubsidizethem?Itwillholdanothermeetingsoon.Butthediscussionsnowseemoutofdate.Inmuchoftheworldthereisthesignofcrisis.GermanandBrazilianpapershaveshruggedofftherecession.EvenAmericannewspapers,whichinhabitthemosttroubledcomeoftheglobalindustry,havenotonlysurvivedbutoftenreturnedtoprofit.Notthe20%profitmarginsthatwereroutineafewyearsago,butprofitallthesame.Ithasnotbeenmuchfun.Manypapersstayedafloatbypushingjournalistsoverboard.TheAmericanSocietyofNewsEditorsreckonsthat13,500newsroomjobshavegonesince2007.Readersarepayingmoreforslimmerproducts.Somepapersevenhadthenervetorefusedeliverytodistantsuburbs.Yetthesedesperatemeasureshaveprovedtherightonesand,sadlyformanyjournalists,theycanbepushedfurther.Newspapersarebecomingmorebalancedbusinesses,withahealthiermixofrevenuesfromreadersandadvertisers.Americanpapershavelongbeenhighlyunusualintheirrelianceonads.Fully87%oftheirrevenuescamefromadvertisingin2008,accordingtotheOrganizationforEconomicCooperation&Development(OECD).InJapantheproportionis35%.Notsurprisingly,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestable.Thewhirlwindthatsweptthroughnewsroomsharmedeverybody,butmuchofthedamagehasbeenconcentratedinareaswherenewspaperareleastdistinctive.Carandfilmreviewershavegone.Sohavescienceandgeneralbusinessreporters.Foreignbureaushavebeensavagelycutoff.Newspapersarelesscompleteasaresult.Butcompletenessisnolongeravirtueinthenewspaperbusiness.26.Bysaying“Newspapersliketheirowndoom”(Lines3-4,Para.1),theauthorindicatesthatnewspaper.

15[A]neglectedthesignofcrisis[B]failedtogetstatesubsidiesLC]werenotcharitablecorporations[D]wereinadesperatesituation27.Somenewspapersrefuseddeliverytodistantsuburbsprobablybecause.[A]readersthreatenedtopayless[B]newspaperswantedtoreducecosts[C]journalistsreportedlittleabouttheseareas[D]subscriberscomplainedaboutslimmerproducts28.ComparedwiththeirAmericancounterparts,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestablebecausethey.[A]havemoresourcesofrevenue[B]havemorebalancednewsrooms[C]arelessdependentonadvertising[D]arelessaffectedbyreadership29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphaboutthecurrentnewspaperbusiness?[A]Distinctivenessisanessentialfeatureofnewspapers.[B]Completenessistoblameforthefailureofnewspaper.[C]Foreignbureausplayacrucialroleinthenewspaperbusiness.[D]Readershavelosttheirinterestincarandfilmreviews.30.Themostappropriatetitleforthistextwouldbe.[A]AmericanNewspapers:StrugglingforSurvival[B]AmericanNewspapers:GonewiththeWind[C]AmericanNewspapers:AThrivingBusiness[D]AmericanNewspapers:AHopelessStory

16Text3WetendtothinkofthedecadesimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarIIasatimeofprosperityandgrowth,withsoldiersreturninghomebythemillions,goingofftocollegeontheG.I.Billandliningupatthemarriagebureaus.Butwhenitcametotheirhouses,itwasatimeofcommonsenseandabeliefthatlesscouldtrulybemore.DuringtheDepressionandthewar,Americanshadlearnedtolivewithless,andthatrestraint,incombinationwiththepostwarconfidenceinthefuture,madesmall,efficienthousingpositivelystylish.Economicconditionwasonlyastimulusforthetrendtowardefficientliving.Thephrase"lessismore“wasactuallyfirstpopularizedbyaGerman,thearchitectLudwigMiesvanderRohe,wholikeotherpeopleassociatedwiththeBauhaus,aschoolofdesign,emigratedtotheUnitedStatesbeforeWorldWarIIandtookuppostsatAmericanarchitectureschools.ThesedesignerscametoexertenormousinfluenceonthecourseofAmericanarchitecture,butnonemoresothatMies.Mies'ssignaturephrasemeansthatlessdecoration,properlyorganized,hasmoreimpactthatalot.Elegance,hebelieved,didnotderivefromabundance.Likeothermodernarchitects,heemployedmetal,glassandlaminatedwood-materialsthatwetakeforgrantedtodaybuythatinthe1940ssymbolizedthefuture.Mies'ssophisticatedpresentationmaskedthefactthatthespaceshedesignedweresmallandefficient,ratherthanbigandoftenempty.TheapartmentsintheeleganttowersMiesbuiltonChicago,sLakeShoreDrive,forexample,weresmaller-two-bedroomunitsunder1,000squarefeet-thanthoseintheirolderneighborsalongthecity'sGoldCoast.Buttheywerepopularbecauseoftheirairyglasswalls,theviewstheyaffordedandtheeleganceofthebuildings'detailsandproportions,thearchitecturalequivalentoftheabstractartsopopularatthetime.Thetrendtoward“less"wasnotentirelyforeign.Inthe1930sFrankLloydWrightstartedbuildingmoremodestandefficienthouses-usuallyaround1,200squarefeet-thanthespreadingtwo-storyoneshehaddesignedinthe1890sandtheearly20thcentury.The“CaseStudyHouses”commissionedfromtalentedmodernarchitectsbyCaliforniaArts&Architecturemagazinebetween1945and1962wereyetanotherhomegrowninfluenceonthe“lessismore”trend.Aestheticeffectcamefromthelandscape,newmaterialsandforthrightdetailing.InhisCaseStudyHouse,Ralpheverydaylife-fewAmericanfamiliesacquiredhelicopters,thoughmosteventuallygotclothesdryers

17-buthisbeliefthatself-sufficiencywasbothdesirableandinevitablewaswidelyshared.31.ThepostwarAmericanhousingstylelargelyreflectedtheAmericans'.[A]prosperityandgrowth[B]efficiencyandpracticality©restraintandconfidence[D]prideandfaithfulness32.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3aboutBauhaus?[A]ItwasfoundedbyLudwigMiesvanderRohe.[B]ItsdesigningconceptwasaffectedbyWorldWarII.[C]MostAmericanarchitectsusedtobeassociatedwithit.[D]IthadagreatinfluenceuponAmericanarchitecture.33.Miesheldthateleganceofarchitecturaldesign.[A]wasrelatedtolargespace[B]wasidentifiedwithemptiness[C]wasnotreliantonabundantdecoration[D]wasnotassociatedwithefficiency34.WhatistrueabouttheapartmentsMiesbuildingChicago'sLakeShoreDrive?[A]Theyignoreddetailsandproportions.[BjTheywerebuiltwithmaterialspopularatthattime.©Theyweremorespaciousthanneighboringbuildings.[D]Theysharedsomecharacteristicsofabstractart.35.WhatcanwelearnaboutthedesignoftheaCaseStudyHousev?LA]Mechanicaldeviceswerewidelyused.[B]Naturalscenesweretakenintoconsideration

18[C]Detailsweresacrificedfortheoveralleffect.ED]Eco-friendlymaterialswereemployed.Text4WilltheEuropeanUnionmakeit?Thequestionwouldhavesoundedstrangenotlongago.Noweventheproject?sgreatestcheerleaderstalkofacontinentfacingauBermudatriangle”ofdebt,populationdeclineandlowergrowth.Aswellasthosechronicproblems,theEUfaceanacutecrisisinitseconomiccore,the16countriesthatusethesinglecurrency.Marketshavelostfaiththattheeurozone*seconomies,weakerorstronger,willonedayconvergethankstothedisciplineofsharingasinglecurrency,whichdeniesuncompetitivemembersthequickfixofdevaluation.YetthedebateabouthowtosaveEurope?ssinglecurrencyfromdisintegrationisstuck.Itisstuckbecausetheeurozone'sdominantpowers,FranceandGermany,agreeontheneedforgreaterharmonizationwithintheeurozone,butdisagreeaboutwhattoharmonies.Germanythinkstheeuromustbesavedbystricterrulesonborrowspendingandcompetitiveness,barkedbyquasi-automaticsanctionsforgovernmentsthatdonotobey.ThesemightincludethreatstofreezeEUfundsforpoorerregionsandEUmega-projectsandeventhesuspensionofacountryJsvotingrightsinEUministerialcouncils.Itinsiststhateconomicco-ordinationshouldinvolveall27membersoftheEUclub,amongwhomthereisasmallmajorityforfree-marketliberalismandeconomicrigour;intheinnercorealone,Germanyfears,asmallmajorityfavourFrenchinterference.A“southern“campheadedbyFrenchwantssomethingdifferent:"Europeaneconomicgovernment^withinaninnercoreofeuro-zonemembers.Translated,thatmeanspoliticiansinterveninginmonetarypolicyandasystemofredistributionfromrichertopoorermembers,viacheaperborrowingforgovernmentsthroughcommonEurobondsorcompletefiscaltransfers.Finally,figuresclosetotheFrancegovernmenthavemurmured,euro-zonemembersshouldagreetosomefiscalandsocialharmonization:e.g.,curbingcompetitionincorporate-taxratesorlabourcosts.ItistoosoontowriteofftheEU.Itremainstheworld'slargesttradingblock.Atitsbest,theEuropeanprojectisremarkablyliberal:builtaroundasinglemarketof27richandpoorcountries,itsinternalbordersarefarmoreopentogoods,capitalandlabourthananycomparabletradingarea.Itisanambitiousattempttobluntthesharpestedgesofglobalization,andmakecapitalismbenign.36.TheEUisfacedwithsomanyproblemsthat.[A]ithasmoreorlesslostfaithinmarkets

19[B]evenitssupportersbegintofeelconcerned[C]someofitsmembercountriesplantoabandoneuro[D]itintendstodenythepossibilityofdevaluation37.ThedebateovertheEU'ssinglecurrencyisstuckbecausethedominantpowers.[A]arecompetingfortheleadingposition[B]arebusyhandlingtheirowncrises[C]failtoreachanagreementonharmonization[D]disagreeonthestepstowardsdisintegration38.Tosolvetheeuroproblem,Germanyproposedthat.[A]EUfundsforpoorregionsbeincreased[B]stricterregulationsbeimposed[C]onlycoremembersbeinvolvedineconomicco-ordination[D]votingrightsoftheEUmembersbeguaranteed39.TheFrenchproposalofhandlingthecrisisimpliesthat__.[A]poorcountriesaremorelikelytogetfunds[B]strictmonetarypolicywillbeappliedtopoorcountries[C]loanswillbereadilyavailabletorichcountries[D]richcountrieswillbasicallycontrolEurobonds40.RegardingthefutureoftheEU,theauthorseemstofeel__.[A]pessimistic[B]desperate[C]conceited[D]hopefulPartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintheleftcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

20Leadingdoctorstodayweighinonthedebateoverthegovernment'sroleinpromotingpublichealthbydemandingthatministersimpose"faltaxes"onunhealthyfoodandintroducecigarcttc-stylcwarningstochildrenaboutthedangersofapoordiet.Thedemandsfollowcommentsmadelastweekbythehealthsecretary.AndrewLansley,whoinsistedthegovernmentcouldnotforcepeopletomakehealthychoicesandpromisedtofreebusinessesfrompublichealtliregulations.Butseniormedicalfigureswantiostopfast-foodoutletsopeningnearschools,restricladvenisingofproductshighin(al.sailorsugar,andlimitsponsorshipofsportseventsbyfast-foodproducerssuchasMcDonald's.TheyarguethatgovernmentactionisnecessarytocurbBritain'saddictiontounhealthyfoodandhelphaltspiralingratesofobesity,diabetesandheartdisease.ProfessorTerenceStephenson,presidentoftheRoyalCollegeofPaediatricsandChildHealth,saidthattheconsumptionofunhealthy(bodshouldbeseentobejuslasdiunagingassmokingorexcessivedrinking“Thirtyyearsago,itwouldhavebeeninconceivabletohaveimaginedabanonsmokingintheworkplaceorinpubs,andyetthatiswhatwehavenow.Arcwewillingtobejustascourageousinrespectofobesity?1wouldsuggestthatweshouldbe."saidtheleaderoftheUK'schildren'sdoctors.Lansleyhasalarmedhealthcampaignersbysuggestinghewantsindustr)ratherthangovernmenttotakethelead.HesaidthatmanufacturersofcrispsandcandiescouldplayacentralroleintheChange4Lifecampaign,thecentrepieceofgovernmenteffortstoboosthealthyeatingandfitness.HehasalsocriticisedthecelebritychefJamieOliver'shigh-profileattemptloimproveschoollunchesinEnglandasanexampleofhow^lecturing*5peoplewasnotthebestwaytochangetheirbehaviour.

21Stephensonsuggestedpotentialrestrictionscouldincludebanningadvertisementsfor(bodshighinfat,saltorsugarbefore9pmandlimitingtlonbillboardsorincinemas."Ifwewerereallybold,wemightevenbegintoitofhigh-caloriefastfoodinthesamewayascigarettes-bysettingstrictlimitadvertising,productplacementandsponsorshipofsportsevents,Mhesaid.SuchamovecouldafleetfirmssuchasMcDonald,s,whichsponsorstheyouthcoachingschemerunbytheFootballAssociation.Fast-foodchainsshouldalsostopoflering'•inducements'*suchastoys,cuteanimalsandmobilephonecreditlolureyoungcustomers,SlcphcnsonsaidProfessorDineshBhugra.presidentoftheRoyalCollegeofPsychiatrists,said:"Ifchildrenarctaughtabouttheimpactthatfoodhasontheirgrowth,anddialsomethingscanharm,atleastinformationisavailableupfrom.**Healsourgedcouncilstoimpose••fast-fbod-fircczones**aroundschoolsandhospitals-areaswithinwhichtakeawayscannotopen.ADepartmentofHealthspokespersonsaid:°Weneedtocreateanewvisionforpublichealthwhereallofsocietyworkstogether(ogethealthyandlivelonger.Thisincludescreatinganex•responsibilitydeal*withbusiness,builtonsocialresponsibility,nolslateregulationl-alerthisyear,wewillpublishawhilepapersettingoutexactlyhowwewillachievethis."1ahe(bodindustrywillbealarmedthatsuchseniordoctorsbacksuchradicalmoves,especiallythecalltousesomeofthetoughtacticsthathavebeendeployedagainstsmokingoverthelastdecade.[Arfinெaxes"shouldbeimposedon(ast-foodproducerssuchasMcDonalds.4LAndrewLansleylieldihal|B|thegovenimentshouldhanfast-foodoutletsintheneighborhoodofschools42.TerenceStcptiensonagreed(C|•lecturing**wasancflfcciivcwayloimprovethaischoollunchesinEngland.43JamieOliverseemedto[D|cigarette-stylewarningsshouldbebelievethatintroducedtochildrenaboutthedangersofapoordiet44.DineshBhugrasuggested|E]theproducersofcrispsandcandiescouldthatcontributesigniGcanllytotheChange4Lifccampaign.45.ADepartmentofHealth(F)parentsshouldsetgoodexamplesfortheirspokespersonproposedthatchildrenbykeepingahealthydietathome(G]thegovernmentshouldstrengthenthesenseofresponsibilityamongbusinesses.

22InthissectionthereisatextinEnglish.TranslateitintoChinese,writeyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Whowouldhavethoughtthat,globally,theITindustryproducesaboutthesamevolumesofgreenhousegasesastheworld'sairlinesdo-rough2percentofallC02emissions?Manyeverydaytaskstakeasurprisingtollontheenvironment.AGooglesearchcanleakbetween0.2and7.0gramsofC02dependingonhowmanyattemptsareneededtogetthe“right”answer.Todeliverresultstoitsusersquickly,then,Googlehastomaintainvastdatacentresroundtheworld,packedwithpowerfulcomputers.WhileproducinglargequantitiesofC02,thesecomputersemitagreatdealofheat,sothecentresneedtobewellair-conditioned,whichusesevenmoreenergy.However,Googleandotherbigtechprovidersmonitortheirefficiencycloselyandmakeimprovements.Monitoringisthefirststepontheroadtoreduction,butthereismuchtobedone,andnotjustbybigcompanies.dὃeᫀgᐰᳫkᩭmᨵnoᑮITqrstḄuvwxyᐰᳫz{|}~Ḅ᪵ᕖᜧᓰᓄ᣸Ḅ2᛻⌼ᡂ◫Ḅẚ஺᪷¡¢£¤¥¦§¨ᑮ©ªeᫀḄ«£ᦪ®᣸t0.2¯7°Ḅᓄ஺±²³´µ¶·⌴ᵨᡝ®ᙠᐰᳫ¼½ᜧᐙ¿ḼÁÂᜧḄᵯᾯḄᦪ¡ÅÆ஺ÇÈᵯᾯᙠ᣸tᜧᓄḄÉÊ~ᜧḄÁ஺ËÌÇÈᦪ¡ÅÆ◤⌕ÏÐḄ{ÑÒu,ÇÓÉ~ᜧḄÁ஺ᯠÕ®ÖᐸØᢈÚÛÜᖪÞßàáØâḄᦔ¶§äåæqᦋæ஺èéêë᣸ḄìíîÇïðñ⍝óôäõöᵫᜧ|}ᩭøù஺úᦻdὃeᫀDearLiMing,WeareveryhappytoknowthatyouhavesuccessfullypassedthecollegeentranceexaminationthisyearandhavebeenadmittedintoPeking

23University.Allowustogiveourmostsincerecongratulationsonthisexcitingoccasion.Youhaveallalongbeenworkinghardatyourprofessionalstudies,andyouareexcellentinmostsubjects.Yoursuccessshowsthatonlyhardworkcanyieldgoodresults,soIsuggestthatyoushouldmakeagreatprogressinuniversitylife.Wetakethisopportunitytoexpressourbestwishestoyou.Wishyougreaterachievementsinyourcollegeeducation.Yourssincerely,ZhangWeiூýþὁ᱐௃DearMing,Congratulations!IamgladtohearthatyouhavebeenadmittedbyMIT.Youreffortsandcommitmenthavebeenpaidoff.Youarethehonorofourfamily.Herecomesomemyownadvicesofbeingaprecollegestudent.Firstandforemost,youneedtoimproveyourcommunicationbecauseyouwillmeetdifferentpeoplewithdifferentpersonalitiesincampus.Moreover,readingsomereferencebookswillhelpyoutoaccumulatemoreknowledgeandterms,whichboostyourcompetitivenessincampus.Onceagaincongratulateforyourachievement!Yourssincerely,ZhangWeiSectionIUseofEnglish1.A2.C3.B4.D5.D6.B7.A8.C9.C10.B11.D12.B13.A14.C15.A16.A17.D18.A19.C20.DSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartA

24Text121.[B]failingtofulfillherduty.22.[D]independentadvisers.23.[C]dolesswellinthestockmarket.24.[A]maystayfortheattractiveoffersfromthefirm.25.[D]critical.Text226.[D]wereinadesperatesituation.27.[B]newspaperswantedtoreducecosts.28.[C]arelessdependentonadvertising.29.[A]Distinctivenessisanessentialfeatureofnewspapers..30.[A]AmericanNewspapers:StrugglingforSurvivalText331.[C]restraintandconfidence.32.[D]IthadagreatinfluenceuponAmericanarchitecture.33.[C]wasnotreliantonabundantdecoration.34.[D]Theysharedsomecharacteristicsofabstractart.35.[B]Naturalscenesweretakenintoconsideration.Text436.[B]evenitssupportersbegintofeelconcerned37.[C]failtoreachanagreementonharmonization38.[B]stricterregulationsbeimposed.39.[A]poorcountriesaremorelikelytogetfunds40.[D]hopeful

25PartB41.E42.D43.C44.B45.GSectionIVWritingPartADearxxx,IwouldliketoconveymyheartfeltthankstoyouforyourkindnesstoreceivemewhenIparticipatedinanexchangeprograminUSA.YourgeneroushelpmadeitpossiblethatIhadaverypleasantstayandachancetoknowAmericanculturesbetter.Besides,IthinkitisanhonorformetomakefriendswithyouandIwillcherishthegoodwillyoushowedtomewhereverIgo.IdohopethatyouwillvisitChinaoneday,sothatIcouldhavetheopportunitytorepayyourkindnessandrefreshourfriendship.Ifeelobligedtothankyouagain.Sincerelyyours,ZhangWeiPartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtheleftcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEERT1.(10points)“Universalhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishedinthisworld,isatbottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere,“wrotetheVictoriansageThomasCarlyle.Well,notanymoreitisnot.Suddenly,Britainlookstohavefallenoutwithitsfavouritehistoricalform.Thiscouldbenomorethanapassingliterarycraze,butitalsopointstoabroadertruthabouthowwenowapproachthepast:lessconcernedwithlearningfromforefathersandmoreinterestedinfeelingtheirpain.Today,wewantempathy,notinspiration.

26FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance,thewritingofhistorymeantrecountingtheexemplarylivesofgreatmen.In1337,PetrarchbeganworkonhisramblingwritingDeVirisIllustribus-OnFamousMen,highlightingthevirtus(orvirtue)ofclassicalheroes.Petrarchcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconqueringfortuneandrisingtothetop.ThiswasthebiographicaltraditionwhichNiccoloMachiavelliturnedonitshead.InThePrince,thechampionedcunning,ruthlessness,andboldness,ratherthanvirtue,mercyandjustice,astheskillsofsuccessfulleaders.Overtime,theattributesofgreatnessshifted.TheRomanticscommemoratedtheleadingpaintersandauthorsoftheirday,stressingtheuniquenessoftheartist,spersonalexperienceratherthanpublicglory.Bycontrast,theVictorianauthorSamualSmileswroteSelf-Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengineers,industrialistsandexplores."Thevaluableexampleswhichtheyfurnishofthepowerofself-help,ifpatientpurpose,resoluteworkingandsteadfastintegrity,issuingintheformulationoftrulynobleandmanycharacter,exhibit,''wroteSmiles.zzwhatitisinthepowerofeachtoaccomplishforhimself^HisbiographiesofJamesWalt,RichardArkwrightandJosiahWedgwoodwereheldupasbeaconstoguidetheworkingmanthroughhisdifficultlife.ThiswasallabitbourgeoisforThomasCarlyle,whofocusedhisbiographiesonthetrulyheroiclivesofMartinLuther,OliverCromwellandNapoleonBonaparte.Theseepochalfiguresrepresentedliveshardtoimitate,buttobeacknowledgedaspossessinghigherauthoritythanmeremortals.CommunistManifesto.Forthem,historydidnothing,itpossessednoimmensewealthnorwagedbattles:"Itisman,real,livingmanwhodoesallthat."Andhistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle.Assuch,itneededtoappreciatetheeconomicrealities,thesocialcontextsandpowerrelationsinwhicheachepochstood.For:"Menmaketheirownhistory,buttheydonotmakeitjustastheyplease;theydonotmakeitundercircumstanceschosenbythemselves,butundercircumstancesdirectlyfound,givenandtransmittedfromthepast."Thiswasthetraditionwhichrevolutionizedourappreciationofthepast.InplaceofThomasCarlyle,BritainnurturedChristopherHill,EPThompsonandEricHobsbawm.Historyfrombelowstoodalongsidebiographiesofgreatmen.Wholenewrealmsofunderstanding—fromgendertoracetoculturalstudies-wereopenedupasscholarsunpickedthemultiplicityoflostsocieties.Andittransformedpublichistorytoo:downstairsbecamejustasfascinatingasupstairs.[A]emphasizedthevirtueofclassicalheroes.

2741.Petrarch[B]highlightedthepublicgloryoftheleadingartists.42.NiccoloMachiavellli[C]focusedonepochalfigureswhoseliveswerehardtoimitate.43.SamuelSmiles[D]openedupnewrealmsofunderstandingthegreatmeninhistory.44.ThomasCarlyle[E]heldthathistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle.45.MarxandEngels[F]dismissedvirtueasunnecessaryforsuccessfulleaders.[G]depictedtheworthylivesofengineerindustrialistsandexplorers.2012?ẆABᐭDὃFG⚪IJ᪆Section1UseofEninglishDirections:MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeGI.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymbolofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat'snothowitusedtobe.Tothemenandwomenwho1)inWorldWarIIandthepeopletheyliberated,theGI.wasthe2)mangrownintohero,thepoolfarmkidtornawayfromhishome,theguywho3)alltheburdensofbattle,whosleptincoldfoxholes,whowentwithoutthe4)offoodandshelter,whostuckitoutanddrovebacktheNazireignofmurder.thiswasnotavolunteersoldier,notsomeonewellpaid,5)anaverageguy,up6)thebesttrained,bestequipped,fiercest,mostbrutalenemiesseenincenturies.Hisnameisnotmuch.GI.isjustamilitaryabbreviation7)GovernmentIssue,anditwasonallofthearticle8)tosoldiers.AndJoe?Acommonnameforaguywhonever9)ittothetop.JoeBlow,JoeMagrac…aworkingclassname.TheUnitedStateshas10)hadapresidentorvicepresidentorsecretaryofstateJoe.GI.joehada(11)careerfightingGerman,Japanese,andKoreantroops.Heappersasacharacter,ora(12)ofamericanpersonalities,inthe1945movieTheStoryofGI.Joe,basedonthelastdaysofwarcorrespondentErniePyle.SomeofthesoldiersPyle(13)portraydethemselvesinthefilm.Pylewasfamousforcoveringthe(14)sideofthewarl,writingaboutthedirt-snow-and-mudsoldiers,nothowmanymileswere(15)orwhattownswerecapturedorliberated,His

28reports(16)the“willie“cartoonsoffamedStarsandStripesartistBillMaulden.Bothmen(17)thedirtandexhaustionofwar,the(18)ofcivilizationthatthesoldierssharedwitheachotherandthecivilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.(19)Egypt,France,andadozenmorecountries,G.I.JoewasanyAmericansoldier,(20)themostimportantpersonintheirlives.L[A]performed[B]served[C]rebelled[D]betrayed2.[A]actual[B]common[C]special[D]normal3.[A]bore[B]cased[C]removed[D]loaded4.[A]necessities[B]facilitice[C]commodities[D]propertoes5.[Aland[B]nor[C]but[D]hence6.[A]for[B]into[C]form[D]against7.[A]meaning[B]implying[C]symbolizing[D]claiming8.[A]handedout[B]turnover[C]broughtback[D]passeddown9.[A]pushed[B]got[C]made[D]managed10.[A]ever[B]never[C]either[D]neither11.[A]disguised[Bjdisturbed[C]disputed[D]distinguished12.[A]company[B]collection[C]community[D]colony13.[A]employed[B]appointed[C]interviewed[D]questioned14.[A]ethical[B]military[Cjpolitical[D]human15.[A]ruined[B]commuted[C]patrolled[D]gained16.[A]paralleled[B]counteracted[C]duplicated[D]contradicted17.[A]neglected[Bjavoided[C]emphasized[D]admired18.[A]stages[B]illusions[C]fragments[D]advancea19.[A]With[B]To[C]Among[D]Beyond20.[A]onthecontrary[B]bythismeans[C]fromtheoutset[D]atthatpoint

29SectionIIResdiongComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts,answerthequestionaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents,butinrecentyearsithasbeenparticularlyscorned.Schooldistrictsacrossthecountry,mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,arerevisingtheirthinkingonhiseducationalritual.Unfortunately,L.A.Unifiedhasproducedaninflexiblepolicywhichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses,homeworkmaynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudent?sacademicgrade.Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorchaotichomesmighthaveincompletingtheirhomework.Butthepolicyisunclearandcontradictory.Certainly,nohomeworkshouldbeassignedthatstudentscannotdowithoutexpensiveequipment.Butifthedistrictisessentiallygivingapasstostudentswhodonotdotheirhomeworkbecauseofcomplicatedfamilylives,itisgoingriskilyclosetotheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorchildren.Districtadministratorssaythathomeworkwillstillbeapatofschooling:teachersareallowedtoassignasmuchofitastheywant.Butwithhomeworkcountingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirhomeworkandseeveylittledifferenceontheirreportcards.Somestudentsmightdowellonstatetestswithoutcompletingtheirhomework,butwhataboutthestudentswhoperformedwellonthetestsanddidtheirhomework?Itisquitepossiblethatthehomeworkhelped.Yetratherthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatworksbestfortheirstudents,thepolicyimposesaflat,across-the-boardrule.Atthesametime,thepolicyaddressesnoneofthetrulythornyquestionsabouthomework.Ifthedistrictfindshomeworktobeunimportanttoitsstudents'academicachievement,itshouldmovetoreduceoreliminatetheassignments,notmakethemcountforalmostnothing.Conversely,ifhomeworkdoesnothingtoensurethatthehomeworkstudentsarenotassigningmorethantheyarewillingtoreviewandcorrect.

30Thehomeworkrulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheschoolboard,whichisresponsibleforsettingeducationalpolicy,looksintothematterandconductspublichearings.ItisnottoolateforL.A.Unifiedtodohomeworkright.21.Itisimpliedinparagraph1thatnowadayshomework.[A]isreceivingmorecriticism[B]isnolongeraneducationalritual[C]isnotrequiredforadvancedcourses[D]isgainingmorepreferences22.L.A.Unifiedhasmadetheruleabouthomeworkmainlybecausepoorstudents.[A]tendtohavemoderateexpectationsfortheireducation[B]haveaskedforadifferenteducationalstandard[C]mayhaveproblemsfinishingtheirhomework[D]havevoicedtheircomplaintsabouthomework23.AccordingtoParagraph3,oneproblemwiththepolicyisthatitmay.[A]discouragestudentsfromdoinghomework[B]resultinstudents'indifferencetotheirreportcards[C]underminetheauthorityofstatetests[D]restrictteachersZpowerineducation24.AsmentionedinParagraph4,akeyquestionunansweredabouthomeworkiswhether.[A]itshouldbeeliminated[B]itcountsmuchinschooling[C]itplacesextraburdensonteachers[D]itisimportantforgrades25.Asuitabletitleforthistextcouldbe.[A]WrongInterpretationofanEducationalPolicy

31[B]AWelcomedPolicyforPoorStudents[C]ThornyQuestionsaboutHomework[D]AFaultyApproachtoHomeworkText2Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememerbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls,lives.Ttisnotthatpinkisintrinsicallybad,butitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusesgirls,identitytoappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround,Idespairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls'livesandinterests.Girls'attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,itisnot.Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.WhatJsmore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whennurserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolisedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildren'smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminherentlyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokins,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takethetoddler.Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren'sbehaviour:wrong.Turnsout,acdordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularisedasamarketingtrickbyclothingmanufacrurersinthe1930s.Tradepublicationscounselleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreateauthirdsteppingstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids'clothes.Ttwasonlyafter“toddler”becameacommonshoppersTtermthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneofthe

32easiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences-orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist.26.Bysayingis...therainbow”(Line3,Para.1),theauthormeanspink.[A]shouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhood[B]shouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls'innocence[C]cannotexplaingirls'lackofimagination[D]cannotinfluencegirls'livesandinterests27.AccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours?[A]Coloursareencodedingirls'DNA.[B]Blueusedtoberegardedasthecolourforgirls.©Pinkusedtobeaneutralcolourinsymbolisinggenders.[D]Whiteispreferedbybabies.28.TheauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildrenZspsychologicaldevelopmentwasmuchinfluencedby.[A]themarketingofproductsforchildren[B]theobservationofchildrenZsnature[C]researchesintochildrenZsbehavior[D]studiesofchildhoodconsumption29.WemaylearnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvisedto.[A]focusoninfantwearandolderkids'clothes[B]attachequalimportancetodifferentgenders[Cjclassifyconsumersintosmallergroups[D]createsomecommonshoppers*terms30.Itcanbeconcludedthatgirls,attractiontopinkseemstobe.

33[A]clearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendency[B]fullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturers[C]mainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmen[D]wellinterpretedbypsychologicalexpertsText3In2010.afederaljudgeshookAmerica'sbiotechindustrytoitscore.CompanieshadwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades-by2005some20%ofhumangeneswereparented.ButinMarch2010ajudgeruledthatgeneswereunpatentable.Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrganisation(BIO),atradegroup,assuredmembersthatthiswasjustaupreliminarystep”inalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecision,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatentstotwogenssthathelpforecastawomanZsriskofbreastcancer.ThechiefexecutiveofMyriad,acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpatientsalike.Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine,thecourtswillremainratherbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents^ageneisaproductofnature,soitmaynotbepatented_genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit_andpatents'monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad's.Agrowingnumberseemtoagree.Lastyearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogenetictests.InOctobertheDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcase,arguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule“isnolessaproductofnature...thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenseparatedfromcottonseeds.”DespitetheappealscourtZsdecision,bigquestionsremainunanswered.Forexample,itisunclearwhetherthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsofindividualgeneswithinit.ThecasemayyetreachtheSupremeCourt.AStheindustryadvances,however,othersuitsmayhaveanevengreaterimpact,companiesareunlikelytofilemanymorepatentsforhumanDNAmolecules-mostarealreadypatentedorinthepublicdomain.firmsarenowstudyinghowgenesinteract,lookingforcorrelationsthatmightbeusedtodeterminethecausesofdiseaseorpredictadrug'sefficacy,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor*connectingthedits,,expaainshanssauer,alawyerfortheBIO.

34Theirsuccessmaybedeterminedbyasuitrelatedtothisissue,broughtbytheMayoClinic,whichtheSupremeCourtwillhearinitsnextterm.TheBIOrtcentlyheldaconventionwhichincludedseddionstocoachlawyersontheshiftinglandscapeforpatents.Eachmeetingwaspacked.31.itcanbelearnedfromparagraphIthatthebiotechcompanieswouldlike----A.theirexecutivestobeactiveB.judgestoruleoutgenepatentingC.genestobepatcntablcD.theBIOtoissueawarning32.thosewhoareagainstgenepatentsbelievethat---A.genetictestsarenotreliableB.onlyman-madeproductsarepatentableC.patentsongenesdependmuchoninnovatiaonD.courtsshouldrestrictaccesstogenetictests33.accordingtohanssauer,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor--A.establishingdiseasecomelationsB.discoveringgeneinteractionsC.drawingpicturesofgenesD.identifyinghumanDNA34.Bysaying“eachmeetingwaspackedM(line4,para6)theauthormeansthatA.thesupremecourtwasauthoritativeB.theBIOwasapowerfulorganizationC.genepatentingwasagreatconcernD.lawyerswerekeentoattendconventiongs35.generallyspeaking,theauthor'sattitudetowardgenepatentingis--A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText4

35Thegreatrecessionmaybeover,butthiseraofhighjoblessnessisprobablybeginning.Beforeitends,itwilllikelychangethelifecourseandcharacterofagenerationofyoungadults.Andultimately,itislikelytoreshapeourpolitics,ourculture,andthecharacterofoursocietyforyears.Noonetriesharderthanthejoblesstofindsilverliningsinthisnationaleconomicdisaster.Manysaidthatunemployment,whileextremelypainful,hadimprovedtheminsomeways;theyhadbecomelessmaterialisticandmorefinanciallyprudent;theyweremoreawareofthestrugglesofothers.Inlimitedrespects,perhapstherecessionwillleavesocietybetteroff.Attheveryleast,ithasawokenusfromournationalfeverdreamofeasyrichesandbiggerhouses,andputanecessaryendtoaneraofrecklesspersonalspending.Butforthemostpart,thesebenefitsseemthin,uncertain,andfaroff.InTheMoralConsequencesofEconomicGrowth,theeconomichistorianBenjaminFriedmanarguesthatbothinsideandoutsidetheU.S.,lengthyperiodsofeconomicstagnationordeclinehavealmostalwaysleftsocietymoremean-spiritedandlessinclusive,andhaveusuallystoppedorreversedtheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms.Anti-immigrantsentimenttypicallyincreases,asdoesconflictbetweenracesandclasses.Incomeinequalityusuallyfallsduringarecession,butithasnotshrunkinthisone,.Indeed,thisperiodofeconomicweaknessmayreinforceclassdivides,anddecreaseopportunitiestocrossthem—especiallyforyoungpeople.TheresearchofTillVonWachter,theeconomistinColumbiaUniversity,suggeststhatnotallpeoplegraduatingintoarecessionseetheirlifechancesdimmed:thosewithdegreesfromeliteuniversitiescatchupfairlyquicklytowheretheyotherwisewouldhavebeeniftheyhadgraduatedinbettertimes;itisthemassesbeneaththemthatareleftbehind.Intheinternetage,itisparticularlyeasytoseetheresentmentthathasalwaysbeenhiddenwinthinAmericansociety.Moredifficult,inthemoment,isdiscerningpreciselyhowtheseleantimesareaffectingsociety*scharacter.Inmanyrespects,theU.S.wasmoresociallytolerantenteringthisresessionthanatanytimeinitshistory,andavarietyofnationalpollsonsocialconflictsincethenhaveshownmixedresults.Wewillhavetowaitandseeexactlyhowthesehardtimeswillreshapeoursocialfabric.Buttheycertainlyit,andtillthemoresothelongertheyextend.36.Bysaying“tofindsilverliningsv(Line1,Para.2)theauthorsuggestthatthejoblesstryto___.

36[A]seeksubsidiesfromthegovernment[B]explorereasonsfortheunermployment[C]makeprofitsfromthetroubledeconomy[D]lookonthebrightsideoftherecession37.AccordingtoParagraph2,therecessionhasmadepeople.[A]realizethenationaldream[B]struggleagainsteachother[C]challengetheir1ifestyle[D]reconsidertheirlifestyle38.BenjaminFriedmanbelievethateconomicrecessionsmay___.[A]imposeaheavierburdenonimmigrants[B]bringoutmoreevilsofhumannature[C]PromotetheadvanceofrightsandfreedomsMeaseconflictsbetweenracesandclasses39.TheresearchofTillVonWachthersuggeststhatinrecessiongraduatesfromeliteuniversitiestendto.[A]lagbehindtheothersduetodecreasedopportunities[B]catchupquicklywithexperiencedemployees[C]seetheirlifechancesasdimmedastheothers'[D]recovermorequicklythantheothers40.Theauthorthinksthattheinfluenceofhardtimesonsocietyis__.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructiveSectionIIITranslation

3746.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,theyareusuallyconcernedattheprospectoftherbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValleyortohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedevelopedworld,ThesearethekindofworkersthatcountrieslikeBritian,CanadaandAustraliatrytoattractbyusingimmigrationrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates.Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelopingcountriesareparticularlylikelytoemigrate.AbigsurveyofIndianhouseholdsin2004foundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethanahigh-schooleducation,comparedwitharound3.3%ofallIndiansovertheageof25.This"braindrain"haslongbotheredpolicymakersinpoorcountries,Theyfearthatithurtstheireconomies,deprivingthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhavetaughtattheiruniversities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernewproductsfortheirfactoriestomake.SectionIVWritingPartA47.DirectionsSupposeyouhavefoundsomethingwrongwiththeelectronicdictionarythatyouboughtfromanonlinstoretheotherday,Writeanemailtothecustomerservicecentertol)makeacomplaintand2)demandapromptsolutionYoushouldwriteaboutlOOwordsonANSERESHEET2Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter,Use"zhangwei"instead.2012ὃẆcdefᜩὃẆh᦮jὃkᫀhmno:

38l.B2.B3.A4.A5.C6.B7.C8.A9.D10.B11.D12.B13.C14,D15.B16.A17.C18.B19.B20.DTEXT1^21.A22.C23.A24.B25.DTEXT2^26.A27.B28.A29.C30.CTEXT3^31.C32.B33.A34.D35.DTEXT4^36.D37.D38.B39.D40.Aq⚪r^41-45^AFGCEstᦻᦻ^DearInternationalStudents,OnbehalfoftheStudents*Union,IamwritingthisE-mailtoextendmyheartfeltwelcometoyou,andweareallfeelingdelightedtosharethewonderfulcollegelifewithyouinthefollowingtwoyears.Inordertohelpyoufitintothisbrand-newlifemorequickly,herearesomeusefulsuggestionsandtips:Firstandforest,livinginaChinese-languageenvironment,you'dbettertakecertaincoursestoimproveyourcommunicationskillsandgetabetterunderstandingofChinesecultures.Inaddition,ourcanteennotonlyprovidestheChinesedishes,butalsoofferstraditionalwesternfoods,suchassteak,hamburgers,fishandchips,andsoforth.Thus,youcanchooseanyfoodasyouwish.Lastbutnotleast,everystudentissupposedtocomplywiththecollegerules,whichyoumaylookuponourwebsite.EnclosedwiththisE-mailareacampusmapandabriefintroductionofouruniversity,whichIhopearebeneficialforyou.Ourwarmestwelcometoyouagainandlookforwardtoyourarrival.Yourstruly,LiMing\2013?ᐰxắzẆABᐭD{|ὃFcd}e~F⚪SectionIUseofEnglish

39Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.1atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecomer.Indeed,predictionshavebeen2fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpaymentwouldsoon''revolutionizethevery3ofmoneyitself,0onlyto4itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso5incoming?Althoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork6thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery7tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecommunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe8formofpaymentSecond,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey9receipts,somethingthaimanyconsumersareunwillingto10.Third,theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof"float”-ittakesseveraldays11acheckiscashedandfundsare12fromtheissuer'saccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcancaminterestonthefundsinthemeantime.13electronicpaymentsarcimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.Fourth,electronicmeansofpaymentmay14securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation15there.Thefactthatthisisnotan16occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand17fromsomeoneelse'saccounts.The18ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andanewfieldofcomputerscienceisdevelopingto19securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic20thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldata.Thereareconcernsthatgovernment,employers,andmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyviolatingourprivacy.1.[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwise2.[A]ofF[B]back[C]over[D]around3.[A]power[B]concept[C]history[D]role4.[A]reward[B]resist[C]resume[D]reverse5.[A]silent[B]sudden[C]slow[D]steady6.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]on7.[A]imaginative[B]expensive[C]sensitive[D]productive8.[A]similar[B]original[C]temporary[D]dominant9.[A]collect[B]provide[C]copy[D]print10.[A]giveup[B]takeover[C]bringback[D]passdown11.[A]before[B]after[C]since[D]when12.[A]kept[B]borrowed[C]released[D]withdrawn13.[A]Unless[B]Until[C]Because[D]Though14.[A]hide[B]express[C]raise[D]ease15.[A]analyzed[B]shared[C]stored[D]displayed16.[A]unsafe[B]unnatural[C]uncommon[D]unclear17.[A]steal[B]choose[C]benefit[D]return18.[A]consideration[B]prevention[C]manipulation[D]justification

4019.[A]copewith[B]fightagainst[C]adaptto[D]callfor20.[A]chunk[B]chip[C]path[D]trailSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Inanessayentitled“MakingItinAmerica"ZtheauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottonaboutjusthowmuchamodemtextilemillhasbeenautomated:Theaveragemillonlytwoemployeestoday,amanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.^^Davidson\articleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker.Inthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doinganaveragejob,couldearnanaveragelifestyle,But,today,averageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwon'tearnyouwhatitusedto.Itcan'twhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius.Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra-theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment.Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwayswill.Butthere9sbeenanacceleration.AsDavidsonnotes,Inthe10yearsendingin2009,[U.S.]factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs-about6millionintotal-disappeared.Therewillalwaysbechanged-newjobs,newproducts,newservices.ButtheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandtheLT.revolution,thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage.Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemployment,butnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.LBillforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstopoet-highschooleducation.21.ThejokeinParagraph1isusedtoillustrate[A]theimpactoftechnologicaladvances[B]thealleviationofjobpressure[C]theshrinkageoftextilemills[D]thedeclineofmiddle-classincomes22.AccordingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehasto[A]workoncheapsoftware[B]askforamoderatesalary[C]adoptanaveragelifestyle[D]contributesomethingunique23.ThequotationinParagraph4explainsthat[A]gainsoftechnologyhavebeenerased

41[B]jobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeed[C]factoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbefore[D]newjobsandserviceshavebeenoffered24.Accordingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantis[A]toacceleratetheLT.revolution[B]toensuremoreeducationfbrpeople[C]roadvanceeconomicglobalization[D]topassmorebillsinthe21stcentury25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitlefbrthetext?[A]NewLawTakesEffect[B]TechnologyGoesCheap[C]AverageIsOver[D]RecessionIsBadText2Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincluedsettlersandsojourners.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,and7millinpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,fbrexanmle,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyfbrgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,"uccellidipassaggio,^^birdsofpassage.Today,wearcmuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividencmcomersintotwocategories:legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orourbrokenimmigrantionsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedon'tneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrickdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesandphysicistsareamongtoday'sbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem,Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.Withorwithoutpennission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductivefbrawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes.Includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.26"Birdsofpassage^referstothosewho___[A]immigrateacrosstheAtlantic.[B]leavetheirhomecountriesfbrgood.[C]stayinafbregintemporaily.[D]findpermanentjobsoverseas.27Itisimpliedinparagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationstystemintheUS

42[A]needsnewimmigrantcategories.[B]hasloosenedcontroloverimmigrants.[C]shouldbeadoptedtomeetchallenges.[D]hasbeenfixeedviapoliticalmeans.28Accordingtotheauthor,today'sbirdsofpassagewant_[A]fiancialincentives.[B]aglobalrecognition.[C]opportunitiestogetregularjobs.[D]thefreedomtostayandleave.29Theauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreated_[A]asfaithfulpartners.[B]witheconomicfavors.[C]withregaltolerance.[D]asmightyrivals.30⌱ᨬ〉ᔠᦻḄ᪗⚪[A]comeandgo:bigmistake.[B]livingandthriving:greatrisk.[C]withorwithout:greatrisk.[D]legalorillegal:bigmistake.Text3Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowwearclikelytoreact,wecanreduceoreveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick,hard-wiredresponses.Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms;ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerous,ourbrainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactveryquickly,withinmilliseconds.Butweneedmoretimetoassessotherfactors.Toaccuratelytellwhethersomeoneissociable,studiesshow,weneedatleastaminute,preferablyfive.Ittakesawhiletojudgecomplexaspectsofpersonality,likeneuroticismoropen-mindedness.Butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuliaren'texclusivetotheinterpersonalrealm.PsychologistsattheUniversityofTorontofoundthatviewingafast-fbodlogofbrjustafewmillisecondsprimesustoread20percentfaster,eventhoughreadinghaslittletodowitheating.Weunconsciouslyassociatefastfoodwithspeedandimpatienceandcarrythoseimpulsesintowhateverelsewe'redoing,Subjectsexposedtofast-foodflashesalsotendtothinkamusicalpiecelaststoolong.Yetwecanreversesuchinfluences.Ifweknowwewilloverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousingoptionswhenweseeahappyface(onereasongoodsalesrepresentativesandrealestateagentsarealwayssmiling),wecantakeamomentbeforebuying.Ifweknowfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelytorejectattractivefemaleapplicants,wecanhelpscreenersunderstandtheirbiases-orhireoutsidescreeners.JohnGottman,themarriageexpert,explainsthatwequickly“thinslice^^infbnnationreliablyonlyafterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsin"thicksliced^^long-termstudy.WhenDr.Gottmanreallywantstoassesswhetheracouplewillstaytogether,heinvitesthemtohisislandretreatfbramucklongerevaluation;twodays,nottwoseconds.Ourabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsbypausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfrom

43animals:dogecanthinkaboutthefutureonlyintermittentlyorforafewminutes.Buthistoricallywehavespentabout12percentofourdayscontemplatingthelongerterm.Althoughtechnologymightchangethewaywereact,ithasn'tchangedournature.Westillhavetheimaginativecapacitytoriseabovetemptationandreversethehigh-speedtrend.31.Thetimeneededinmakingdecisionsmay.[A]varyaccordingtotheurgencyofthesituation[B]provethecomplexityofourbrainreaction[C]dependontheimportanceoftheassessment[D]predeterminetheaccuracyofourjudgment32.Ourreactiontoafast-fbodlogoshowsthatsnaodecisions.[A]canbeassociative[B]arcnotunconscious[C]canbedangerous[D]arenotimpulsive33.Toreversethenegativeinfluencesofsnapdecisions,weshould__.[A]trustourfirstimpression[B]doaspeopleusuallydo[C]thinkbeforeweact[D]askforexpertadvice34.JohnGottmansaysthatreliablesnapreactionarebasedon.[A]criticalassessment[B]C4thinsliced"study[C]sensibleexplanation[D]adequateinformation35.Theauthor'sattitudetowardreversingthehigh-speedtrendis.[A]tolerant[B]uncertain[C]optimistic[D]doubtfulText4Europeisnotagender-equalityheaven.Inparticular,thecorporateworkplacewillneverbecompletelyfamily-friendlyuntilwomenarepartofseniormanagementdecisions,andEurope,stopcorporate-governancepositionsremainoverwhelminglymale.indeed,womenholdonly14percentofpositionsonEuropecorporateboards.TheEuropeUnionisnowconsideringlegislationtocompelcorporateboardstomaintainacertainproportionofwomen-upto60percent.Thisproposedmandatewasbornoffrustration.Lastyear,EuropeCommissionVicePresidentVivianeRedingissuedacalltovoluntaryaction.Redinginvitedcorporationstosignupforgenderbalancegoalof40percentfemaleboardmembership.Butherappealwasconsideredafailure:only24companiestookitup.DoweneedquotastoensurethatwomencancontinuetoclimbthecorporateLadderfairyastheybalanceworkandfamily?"Personally,Idon'tlikequotas,“Redingsaidrecently.4tButilikewhatthequotasdo.”Quotasgetaction:they“openthewaytoequalityandtheybreakthroughtheglassceiling,“accordingtoReding,aresultseeninFranceandothercountrieswithlegallybindingprovisionson

44placingwomenintopbusinesspositions.IunderstandReding'sreluctance-andherfrustration.Idon'tlikequotaseither;theyruncountertomybeliefinmeritocracy,governmentbythecapable.Bur,whenoneconsiderstheobstaclestoachievingthemeritocraticideal,itdoeslookasifafairerworldmustbetemporarilyordered.Afterall,fourdecadesofevidencehasnowshownthatcorporationsinEuropeastheUSareevadingthemeritocratichiringandpromotionofwomentotopposition——nomatterhowmuch4tsoftpressure“isputuponthem.Whenwomendobreakthroughtothesummitofcorporatepower-as,forexample,SherylSandbergrecentlydidatFacebook——theyattractmassiveattentionpreciselybecausetheyremaintheexceptiontotherule.Ifappropriatepubicpolicieswereinplacetohelpallwomen■|whetherCEOsortheirchildren'scaregivers-andallfamilies,Sandbergwouldbenomorenewsworthythananyotherhighlycapablepersonlivinginamorejustsociety.36.IntheEuropeancorporateworkplace,generally.[A]womentakethelead[B]menhavethefinalsay[C]corporategovernanceisoverwhelmed[D]seniormanagementisfamily-friendly37.TheEuropeanUnion'sintendedlegislationis.[A]areflectionofgenderbalance[B]areluctantchoice[C]aresponsetoReding'scall[D]avoluntaryaction38.AccordingtiReding,quotasmayhelpwomen.[A]gettopbusinesspositions[B]seethroughtheglassceiling[C]balanceworkandfamily[D]anticipatelegalresults39.Theauthor'sattitudetowardReding'sappealisoneof.[A]skepticism[B]objectiveness[C]indifference[D]approval40.Womenenteringtopmanagementbecomeheadlinesduetothelackof.[A]moresocialjustice[B]massivemediaattention[C]suitablepublicpolicies[D]greatert4softpressure^^PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Ffbreachnumberedparagraph(41-45).MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)[A]Livelikeapeasant

45[B]Balanceyourdiet[C]Shopkeepersareyourfriends[D]Remembertotreatyourself[E]Sticktowhatyouneed[F]Planningiseverything[G]Wastenot,wantnotThehugelypopularblogtheSkintFoodiechronicleshowTonybalanceshisloveofgoodfoodwithlivingonbenefits.Afterbills,Tonyhas£60aweektospend,£40ofwhichgoesonfood,but10yearsagohewasearning£130,000aIyearworkingincorporatecommunicationsandeatingatLondon*sbetftrestaurants"'atleasttwiceaweek.Thenhismarriagefailed,hiscareerburnedoutandhisdrinkingbecameserious."Thecommunitymentalhealthteamsavedmylife.AndIfeltlikethatagain,toacertaindegree,whenpeoplerespondedtotheblogsowell.ItgavemethevalidationandconfidencethatFdlost.Butit'sstilladay-by-daything."Nowhe*slivinginacouncilflatandfieldingoffersfromliteraryagents.He'sfeelingpositive,buthe*llcarryonblogging-notabouteatingascheaplyasyoucan-"therearesomanypeopleinamuchworsestate,withbarelyanymoneytospendonfood**-buteatingwellonabudget.Here'shisadviceforeconomicalfoodies.41.______________________Impulsivespendingisn'tanoption,soplanyourweek'smenuinadvance,makingshoppinglistsforyouringredientsintheirexactquantities.IhaveanExceltemplateforaweekofbreakfast,lunchanddinner.Stoplaughing:itrsnotjustcosteffectivebuthelpsyoubalanceyourdiet.It'salsoagoodideatoshopdailyinsteadofweekly,because,being-human,you'llsometimeschangeyourmindaboutwhatyoufancy.42_______________________________________________________________Thisiswheresupermarketsandthei;anonymitycomeinhandy.Withthem,there'snotthesameembarrassmentaswhenbuyingonecarrotinalittlegreengrocer.Andifyouplanproperly,you*Ilknowthatyouonlyneed,say,350gofshinofbeefandsixrashersofbacon,notwhateverweightispre-packedinthesupermarketchiller.43_________Youmayproudlyclaimtoonlyhavefrozenpeasinthefreezer-that*snotgoodenough.Mineisfilledwithleftovers,bread,stock,meatandfish.Planningaheadshouldeliminatewastage,butifyouhavesurplusvegetablesyou*!!doavegetablesoup,andallfruitsthreateningto"gooffwillbecookedorjuiced.44____________________________________Everyonesaysthis,butitreallyisatoptipforfrugaleaters.Shopatbutchers,delisandfish-sellersregularly,evenforsmallthings,andbesuperfriendly.Soonyou'llfeelcomfortableaskingifthey'veanyknucklesofhamforsoupsandstews,orbeefbones,chickencarcassesandfishheadsforstockwhich,moreoftenthannot,Theyilletyouhavefbrfree.45__________________Youwon'tbeeatingoutalot,butsaveyourpenniesandonceeveryfewmonthstreatyourselftoasetlunchatagoodrestaurant-£1.75aweekfbrthreemonthsgivesyou£21-morethan”enoughfbrathree-courselunchat

46Michelin-starredArbutus.It's£16.95there-or£12.99foralargepizzafromDomino*s:IknowwhichFdrathereat.SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Icanpickadatefromthepast53yearsandknowinstantlywhereIwas,whathappenedinthenewsandeventhedayoftheweek.FvebeenabletodothissinceIwasfour.Ineverfeeloverwhelmedwiththeamountofinformationmybrainabsorbsmymindseemstobeabletocopeandtheinformationisstoredawayreatly.WhenIthinkofasadmemory,Idowhateveryonedoes-trytoputittooneside.Idon'tthinkifsharderfbrmejustbecausemymemoryisclearer.Powerfulmemorydoesn'tmakemyemotionsanymoreactureorvivid.IcanrecallthedaymygrandfatherdiedandthesadnessIfeltwhenwewenttothehosptibalthedaybefore.IalsorememberthatthemusicalpalyHamopenedontheBroadwayonthesameday-theybothjustpopintomymindinthesameway.47Writingsupposeyourclassistoholdacharitysaleforkidsinneedofhelp.writeyourclassmatesanemailto1)informthemaboutthedetailsand2)encouragethemtoparticipate100wordsuseLiMing.Don'twriteyouraddress.48Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchartinyourwriting,youshould(1)inteq)retthechart,and(2)giveyourcommentsYoushouldwriteabout150words

47ᜧ
ᜧᜧᜧὃᫀIAhowever2Daround3Bconcept4Dreverse5Cslow6Bagainst7Bexpensive8Ddominant9Bprovide10Agiveup11Abefore12Dwithdrawn13CBecause14Craise15Cstored16Cuncommon17Asteal18Bprevention19Acopewith20Dtrai121.Atheimpactoftechnologicaladvances22.Ccontributesomethingunique23.Bjobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeed24.Btoensuremoreeducationforpeople

4825.DAverageIsOver26.Dstayinaforeigncountrytemporarily27.Cshouldbeadaptedtomeetchai1enges28.Dthefreedomtostayandleave29.Bwithlegaltolerance30.CLegalorIllegal:BigMistake31.Dpredeterminetheaccuracyofourjudgment32.Acanbeassociative33.Cthinkbeforeweact34.Dadequateinformation35.Coptimistic36.Bmenhavethefinalsay37.Bareluctantchoice38.Agettopbusinesspositions39.Dapproval40.Csuitablepublicpolicies41.DPlanningiseverything42.CSticktowhatyouneed43.EWastenot,wantnot44.AShopkeepersareyourfriend45.BRemembertotreatyourself46.^ᡃḄᓝ?ᢧZᯠᙠ¡Z¢ᜩᨵ¤¥q¦Z§¨©ª«¡஺®¯Zᡃ°ᨵ±²³´஺ᡃᩭ¶·¸¹ᜧᾯᔾᦈḄ¾¿ÀÁᜧÂÃᑮÅÆÇÈ஺ᡃḄᜧᾯÉÊᨵ´ËZ¾¿ḄÌÍÎᨵᩩᨵᳮ஺ËÑÒÓÔÕZᡃÖᜧ×|᪵——ΩÙÀᤁᑮ|Û¶Ü஺ᡃ¶Ý¹Þßàá°àÅâÞ஺ãäḄÞå´æçᨵèᡃḄéêëßì¹íÃᡈὅìðñò஺ᡃóÞßἔ᱄öḄ÷ᜩÆIø|ᜩᡃùú▾üᡃᨵý¥Å஺ᡃÎÞßþÿᒓ
ᙠᜩ✌ὁḄ᪵ḄᦈᐭᡃḄᾯ஺47.%&ᦻ(DearClassmates,Iamwritingtoinformal1ofyouthatacharitysaleistobeheldonJan.8thattheWestAcademyHalloftheHongWenBuildingofouruniversity.Thecharitysaleistohelpthekidsfromdisadvantagedfamiliesinapoverty-strickenmountainvillageintheWestofChina.Manyofthekidshavetodropoutofschoolbecausetheirparentsfailtoaffordtheeducational

49fee.Therefore,allofushavetheresponsibilitytogiveourhandstothem.Inthisway,wecancreateawarmsocialatmosphereforthem,inwhichwecanlivewithmorehappinessandappreciation.So,let'smakeourjointeffortstofavorthem.Anyvolunteerwhoiswillingtoparticipatewillbewarmlywelcomed.Yourssincerely,LiMing48.ᜧ&ᦻAsisaccuratelypresentedinfrontofus,theproportionofcollegestudentstakingpartinpart-timejobsisincreasingfromfreshmentoseniors.Althoughtheparticipationpercentageofpart-timejobsfromfreshmentojuniorsalmostremainsconstant,changingfrom67.77%to71.93%,wecanseethatthepercentageofseniorshasincreasedsharplyto88.24%.Thereareseveralreasonsaccountingforthisphenomenon.Forthepartofstudentsthemselves,thenecessityforthemtoputwhattheyhavelearnedintopracticeissoobviousthattheytryhardtofindsomepart-timejobstogetthemselvesprofessionallytrained.Fromtheperspectiveoftheuniversities,inordertomakestudentsadapttothesocietymoresmoothly,theyencouragethemtoparticipateinsomesocialpractices.Asisdiscussedabove,itisnosurprisetoseethischange.AndIfirmlybelievethatthisestablishedtrendwi11continueforquiteawhiIeintheforthcomingyears.

502014NOP(R)T⚪SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thinnerisn'talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave_1thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually___2___.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.___3___amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan___4___ofgoodhealth.Ofevengreater___5___isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined___6___bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI___7_bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity,___8___,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9,theyarcnot.Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11.Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers12asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMI.Todaywehavea(an)14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsfbrsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.Negativeattitudestowardobesity,_18_inhealthconcerns,havestimulatedanumberofanti-obesity_19_.Myownhospitalsystemhasbannedsugarydrinksfromitsfacilities.Manyemployershaveinstitutedweightlossandfitnessinitiatives.MichelleObamalaunchedahigh-visibilitycampaign_20_childhoodobesity,evenclaimingthatitrepresentsourgreatestnationalsecuritythreat.I.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensuredஹூXᫀ௃Bconcludedூ[᪆௃⚪]^_`ᑡḄẆcde,fg_hijkḄlḄmno◅⌕rstkḄl஺᪷vwx_y☢Ḅ{ᑖf▭gẆcḄ~_concludedᔠ⚪_ᐸ

51⌱⚗deniedᔲx_doubled⚪_ensuredᔠ⚪_Ẇcy☢Ḅf_y☢Ḅf&~஺ᡠhXᫀBo2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesomeஹூXᫀ௃Aprotectiveூ
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54ஹூᫀ௃Dassociatedூ᪆௃mnᡠᙠḄ}(BCḄᒹᡂḄ&஺mn>☢oᑮḄᡂḄ&i(BCᐵḄ⊤cᑖ᪆MN⌱⚗A.஺஺஺;B஺஺஺ᔠ;C஺஺஺;iᔠ⚪,ᨵD஺஺஺ὶᐵᔠ஺17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Onlyஹூᫀ௃Aevenூ᪆௃mnᡠᙠḄ}([¡¢£ℿ¤¥¦§7¨ᩞḄᘀ«[¬(᪥Ḅ[N¯⚪஺mn°[N±,᪷rK᛻²³9´µᜐ~¶ᐭ⊤·¸^ᐵḄ,-ᑖ᪆MN⌱⚗ᨵAevenᓽºᔠ⚪஺18.[A]despised[B]conected[C]ignored[D]groundedஹூᫀ௃Dgroundedூ᪆௃᪷rK᛻m»uᑮBCḄ¼☢᝱¾m>uᑮᏉÀḄᐵÁÂÃ[ᢇÅBCḄ஺ÆᨵbcÇÈÉᢚ,Ë.m»>ᡠ⊤ÌḄ}([ÍḄÅBC(ÎÏᏉÀḄᐵÁᑖ᪆MN⌱⚗ÐÑ⊤̵}Ḅ,-ᨵ⌱⚗Dgrounded,}(ÎÏ஺19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studiesஹூᫀ௃Dpoliciesூ᪆௃µ⚪◤⌕ὶmn>☢ÓḼḄ£஺m>Ḅ£bca[ᑡ⊤·Ö[NK×ØḄ,-,᝞hospitalsystem;ban;manyemployersinstitute,ᢣᔣḄ}([NÛ5ᡠbÜḄÝÞḄ¯⚪ßàMN⌱⚗D⌱⚗policiesᔠ⚪¬áᐭ⌱஺20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]withoutஹூᫀ௃Bagainstூ᪆௃âḄã⚪(ÅBCä4Ïå⁚Ḅ£ᵨᩭéᢝëNã⚪mnᡠᙠuᑮìíîᝍðkñòÃóa[N&ôõ¾Ḅö÷BCøùúûᝍᐻýþÿ⊤ᡃᨬᜧḄᐰ஺ᨵᢙḄ!"#⌱⚗&ᨵBagainst'ᔠ⚪஺

55SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Whatwouldyoudowith590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-fbundfbrtunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.

56Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost"happinessbangfbryourbuck.*1Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneselfandluxuriesaremostenjoyablevvhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavaliabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.Readersof“HappyMoney“areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregeneral!yhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsfbrmostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors'policyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesfbrAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?[A]Abighouse[B]Aspecialtour[C]Astylishcar

57[D]Arichmealஹூ-ᫀ௃BAspecialtourூ=᪆௃?⁚⚪஺-ᫀABᙠDEFḄ“itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences…likeinterestingtrips…஻S஻TUVWᙠXᔊZ☢\]...,`᝞bᨵcḄde……஻ᵫghijk-ᫀSB⌱⚗஻lmᱯoḄde஻஺22.Theauthor'sattitudetowardAmericans9watchingTVis[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguousஹூ-ᫀ௃Acriticalூ=᪆௃!p᝱r⚪஺-ᫀABᙠDsFḄ“somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit஻S“xyz{l|T}#ᨴḄᵯᵯh\៝஻ghijkὅᵯḄ᝱rSA⌱⚗஻ᢇᑨḄ஻஺23.Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshowthat[A]consumersaresometimesirrational[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality

58[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasureஹூ-ᫀ௃Draritygenerallyincreasespleasureூ=᪆௃!p⚪஺-ᫀABᙠDsFᦻᑮMeRib#ᵨ#ḄpS“luxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly'',ᜧS஻ᨵ⁚ᑴᙢVWᝊ¤¥ᨬ¦{៝§஻D⌱⚗¨S©p©Ḅª«¬ᣚ஺24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders^riticism[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievementூ-ᫀ௃Bmayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchaseூ=᪆௃?⁚⚪஺-ᫀABᙠᨬ®lFḄᨬ®l©஻ᵨostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent”,ᜧS஻ᜧ°ᦪ{²³´®µ¶ᱥᨵᡠ¹஻ghiºkB⌱⚗S¨»-ᫀ஺25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney

59[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuriesூ-ᫀ௃Abalancefeelinggoodandspendingmoneyூ=᪆௃¼½⚪஺!ᐰᦻhkᐰᦻ¼⌕¿TUVWÀÁÂ៝§ÃḄᐵÅg-ᫀABᙠA⌱⚗஺Text2AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou'remorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhatthecallthe“aboveaverageeffect",or"illusorysuperiority^^,andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers——allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.Webecomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,westalkaroundthinkingwe'rehotstuff.PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyingintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotograghofthemselves,fromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.Visualreco

60gnition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation^^.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage-whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat,thosewhoself^enhancethemust(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersfbrhavinghigherself-esteem."Idon'tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion",saysEpley."It'sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves5.Ifyouaredepressed,youwon'tbeself:enhancing.KnowingtheresultsofEpley'sstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemselvesViscerally-ononelevel,theydon'tevenrecognisethepersoninthepictureasthemselves,Facebooktherefore,isaself^enhancer'sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyleit'snotthatpeople'sprofilesaredishonest,sayscatalinatomaofWiscon—Madisonuniversity,“buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves.26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefoundthat.[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect[C]ourneedfbrleadershipisunnatural[D]self-enhancingstrategiesareineffective

61ஹூ-ᫀ௃Aourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhighூ=᪆௃⚪ÆÇ஻᪷ÉDlFÊËÁᳮÍÎÏÐÑ?஻ᦻDlFDs©஻ÊËÁᳮÍᡠÓḄ'Ôᙳᦪᦔ'ᡈὅ'ØÙḄÚÛÜ'ÝeᜧÞḄẆàÎÏᡃ70%Ḅ{µ¶áâḄ⚞äåᙠæᙳçæÃè……léᦪÉêëShḄ஺஻ᵫghkᡃáâìíîÔ஺ᦑ-ᫀ¶[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh஺27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeople's[A]rapidwatching[B]consciouschoice[C]intuitiveresponse[D]automaticself-defenceூ-ᫀ௃Cintuitiveresponseூ=᪆௃⚪HÇ஻ðñoòµ¶S{ḄÐÑó஻ᦻDsFDs©஻ðñoSáôḄÁᳮîõ#îõö☠øðùÎúSᦑḄ஺஻ᵫghkðñoòµ¶S{Ḅøð஺ᦑ-ᫀ¶[C]intuitiveresponse஺28.Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherselfesteemtendedto[A]underestimatetheirinsecurities[B]believeintheirattractiveness[C]coveruptheirdepressions

62[D]oversimplifytheirillusionsூ-ᫀ௃Bbelieveintheirattractivenessூ=᪆௃⚪ÆÇ஻EpleyÎÏᨵ\ÔáüḄ{ýᔣÿ᪵஻஺ᑮᑮ஻ᨵᡃᓣᨬḄ᪵!"⛲$Ḅ%&ᐰ,)Ḽᑮ+,-.,/$Ḅ0123ᔾ56᪗8Ḅ9⊤;<=2>Ḅᦑ@ᫀ[B]believeintheirattractiveness஺29.Thcword“Viscerally”(Line2,para.5)isclosestinmeaningto.[A]instinctively[B]occasionally[C]particularly[D]aggressivelyூ@ᫀ௃[A]instinctivelyூV᪆௃⚪YZ஻ᨬ)[viscerallyḄ\]Ḅ?஻஺ᑮ_viscerallyᡠᙠᑮ஻bcd᯿ᱏgḄ$hijk☢.mnopq%r/᯿ᱏgḄno$஺஻stᦻvᑮfacebookᡃz2ὅḄᜩᚪᙠ~oᑖᨬ\ḄḄ᯿ᱏ஺஻ᵫ,viscerallyᙠg“.ᙢ஻\],ᦑ@ᫀ[A]instinctively030.ItcanbeinferredthatFacebookisself-enhancer^paradisebecausepeoplecan[A]presenttheirdishonestprofiles

63[B]definetheirtraditionallifestyles[C]sharctheirintellectualpursuits[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsidesூ@ᫀ௃[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsidesூV᪆௃⚪Z஻ᡃoᳮ<Ὴ(facebook)ᡠᡃz2ὅḄᜩᚪo஻3ᦻᨬḄᑮ஻ᙠῊ(facebook)goᑖᨬ\Ḅ᯿ᱏ஺஻tᦻ)Ḽᑮ஻%o%-so!$ᨬᳮḄ01஺”ᦑᫀ[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides஺Text3Cryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tears,betheyofsorrow,anger,onjoy,typicallymakeAmericansfeeluncomfbrubleandembarrassed.Theshedderoftearsislikelytoapologize,evenwhenadevastatingឋḄ¢tragedywastheprovocation.Theobserveroftearsislikelytodoeverythingpossibletoputanendtotheemotionaloutpouring.Butjudgingformrecentstudiesofcryingbehavior,linksbetweenillnessandcryingandthechemicalcompositionoftears,boththoseresponsestotearsareofteninappropriateandmayevenbecounterproductive.Humansaretheonlyanimalsdefinitelyknowntoshedemotionaltears.Sinceevolutionhasgivenrisetofew,ifany,purposelessphysiologicalresponset,itislogicaltoassumethatcryinghasoneormorefunctionsthatenhancesurvival.

64Althoughsomeobservershavesuggestedthatcryingisawaytoelicitassistanceformothers(asacryingbabymightfromitsmother),thesheddingoftearsishardlynecessarytogethelp.Vocalcrieswouldhavebeenquiteenough,morelikelythantearstogainattention,So,itappears,theremustbesomethingspecialabouttearsthemselves.Indeed,thenewstudiessuggestthatemotionaltearsmayplayadirectroleinalleviatingstress,UniversityofMinnesotaresearcherswhoarestudyingthechemicalcompositionoftearshaverecentlyisolatedtwoimportantchemicalsfromemotionaltears.Bothchemicalsarcfoundonlyintearsthatareshedinresponsetoemotion.Tearsshedbecauseofexposureto=cutonionwouldcontainnosuchsubstance.Researchersatseveralotherinstitutionsareinvestigatingtheusefulnessoftearsasameansofdiagnosinghumanillsandmonitoringdrugs.AtTulaneUniversity'sTeatAnalysisLaboratoryDr.PeterKastlandhiscolleaguesreportthattheycanusetearstodetectdrugabuseandexposuretomedication(¤ᱥ)todeterminewhetheracontactlensfitsproperlyofwhyitmaybeuncomfortable,tostudythecausesof"dryeye“syndromeandtheeffectsofeyesurgery,andperhapseventomeasureexposuretoenvironmentalpollutants.AtColumbiaUniversityDt.LiasyFarisandcolleaguesarestudyingtearsforcluestothediagnosisofdiseasesawayfromtheeyes.Tearscanbeobtainedpainlesslywithoutinvadingthebodyandonlytinyamountsareneededtoperformhighlyrefinedanalyses.31.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat.A)sheddingtearsgivesunpleasantfeelingstoAmerican

65B)ciyingmayoftenimitatepeopleorevenresultintragedyC)cryingusuallywinssympathyfromotherpeopleD)onewhoshedstearsinpublicwillbeblamed32.Whatdoes“boththoseresponsestotears'XLine6,Para,1)referto?A)Cryingoutofsorrowandsheddingtearsforhappiness.B)Theembarrassmentandunpleasantsensationoftheobservers.C)Thetearshedder'sapologyandtheobserver'sefforttostopthecrying.D)Linkingillnesswithcryingandfindingthechemicalcompositionoftears.33.“Counterproductive”(Lines6-7,Para,I)veryprobablymeans"'A)havingnoeffectatallB)leadingtotensionC)producingdisastrousimpactD)harmfultohealth34.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcrying?A)Itisapointlessphysiologicalresponsetotheenvironment.B)Itmusthavearoletoplayinman'ssurvival.C)Itismeanttogetattentionandassistance.

66D)Itusuallyproducesthedesiredeffect.35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthenewstudiesoftears?A)Emotionaltearshavethefunctionofreducingstress.B)Exposuretoexcessivemedicationmayincreaseemotionaltears.C)Emotionaltearscangiveriseto"dryeye”syndromeinsomecases.D)Environmentalpollutantscaninducethesheddingofemotionaltears.Text4Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.Wliyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattendonamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.

67Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting£4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalition'sspendingplansifreturnstopower.Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.36.Theauthorbelievesthatthehousingsector_[A]hasattractedmuchattention[B]involvescertainpoliticalfactors[C]shoulderstoomuchresponsibility[D]haslostitsrealvalueineconomyூ@ᫀ௃[B]involvescertainpoliticalfactors

68ூV᪆௃᪷⚪⚪gḄᐵ©ªhousingsectorᑮᦻḄg«mḄ¬ᡃo\ᑮᨬᨵbul<;ᨬ®ὅ¯°⌕⊤²Ḅ³´µ᜜~ᵨ!themostsignificantᨬ2¸ᡠᨬᨬ¹⌕Ḅºpoliticallycharged»⌱⚗BḄpoliticalfactorsᨵᐵ¾ᦑ⌱BinvolvescertainpoliticalfactorsoA⚗Ḅᔾ5\ᨵ¿C⚗ḄrÀÁÂúᦻmḄshouldertheblame,I⚗mḄÄᜫÆǺᦻmḄ%ᗐ3⊤ɯ°ÆÇÊὅ%Ëᦑ᣸◀஺37.Itcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas_[A]increaseditshomesupply[B]offeredspendingopportunities[C]sufferedgovernmentbiases[D]disappointedthegovernmentூ@ᫀ௃[C]sufferedgovernmentbiasesூV᪆௃ÎÏ〉ᵨÑÒÓᑮÔÕḄÖ×஺@ᫀØÙᑮᦻÚᨬ•ÜItneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.ÔÕ◤⌕ÞᔊàḄÖ×áᙠ•âãäåæçᶍVéᡃoêᑗḄìÑ◤í஺Sufferedîïð3ºᦻhistoryḄñòóôbiasesºᦻprejudicesḄñòóô஺38.AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay,[A]allowgreatergovernmentdebtfbrhousing

69fB]stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes[C]preparetoreducehousingstockdebt[D]releasealiftedGDPgrowthforecastூ@ᫀ௃[A]allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousingூV᪆௃᪷õGeorgeOsborneØÙö÷øùúᙢÔÕᵨᩭüýþÑÿḄ▲ᙠ▲Ḅᨵ60,000ᡠᙠᩭḄᵫ"#$%ᑁ'()*Ḅ+ᑖ-./0஺2"A3ᐕ5ᜧḄ78Ḅ9:;<Ḅ=B3Ἥ?@ᙢ789C3BᜓDE9D3FG%ᑁ'()*HIḄ⚜K9LMNᦻPQRS஺39.Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould.[A]lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders[B]lessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference[C]contributctofundingnewdevelopments[D]relievetheministersofresponsibilitiesூUᫀ௃[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopmentsூX᪆௃Z[⚪஺᪷^ᦻ_⚪`abᑮde⚪`ὃgḄ:hiaḄjkl᛻ḄᳮX஺A⚗ḄPQ:஻DEqrstὅḄᡂw஻ᐸ஻ᡂwyz஻ᙠᦻ{|}~'ᨵ஺B⚗ḄPQ:஻DE78ᐭḄ஻ᐸ஻78ᐭ஻ᙠᦻ{|}~'ᨵ஺B⚗ḄPQ:஻ᨵ~Fsᢝ஻ᐸ஻Fsᢝ஻htᦻḄ

70“fundnewdevelopments”;C⌱⚗Ḅ“contributeto"3PQ:ᨵ~9hᦻḄhaveasignificantimpact3PQ:ᨵ⌕9Sᔠ;XḄ|Nᑣᡠ:;<⌱⚗஺40.Theauthorbelievesthatafter2015,thegovernmentmay.[A]implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing[B]reviewtheneedfbrlarge-scalepublicgrants[C]rencwtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme[D]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsectorூUᫀ௃[D]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsectorூX᪆௃Z[⚪஺᪷^⚪`abᑮᨬyed஺ὃgḄ:201578Ḅឋ$஺A⚗ḄPQ:஻ZḄ7¡ᩭᢝ¢஻MNᦻP£¤஺B⚗ḄPQ:¥¦ᜧ§¨©ᐳ«¬Ḅ◤®MNᦻ᎔ᦪd±eP£²³஺C⚗ḄPQ:´µḄ¢«¬⚗¶·ᨵᑮrenew•z஺D⚗ḄPQ:¹?h¢º»ḄᜧMNᦻḄ᎔ᦪd±¼£ᓛ¾ᦑ;<⌱⚗஺SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

71Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismasendlesslyhappy,withaglassthat'sperpetuallyhalffall.Butthat'sexactlythekindoffalsedeerfulnessthatpositivepsychologistswouldn'trecommend."Healthyoptimistsmeansbeingintouchwithreality.^^saysTaiBen-Shahar,aHarvardprofessor,AccordingtoBen-Shalar,realisticoptimistsarethesewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,butnotthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest.Ben-Shalarusesthreeoptimisticexercisers.Whenhefeelsdown-sag,aftergivingabadlecture-hegrantshimselfpermissiontobehuman.Heremindshimselfthatmotevery1ecturecanbeaNobelwinner;somewillbelesseffectivethanothers.Nextisreconstruction,Heanalyzestheweaklecture,leaninglessons,forthefutureaboutwhatworksandwhatdoesn't.Finally,thereisperspective,whichinvolvesacknowledgingthatinthegroundschemeoflife,onelecturereallydoesn'tmatter.ூÀὃÁᦻ௃ᜧᦪÂÃPÄÅÆaÇḄÈÅÉÊyË):ÌḼÎÏÐḄÏÑ஺ÒÓ:yÔÕRÖ᩽ØᳮÙÚᡠZ₞ḄÜᎷÞÅ஺ßàᜧÙḄTaiBen-Shaharᦟᣴã“ᏉæḄÅÆçPᕡḼ⌕ᜐ~|ê-஺”ᙠBen-Shaharìᩭ|êḄÅÆçὅÇᨬᜧíîïðyñò=R:£óôñòLᨵᨬðḄõö஺Ben-Shahar÷ÔÅÆø☢Ḅúû஺ü᝞ã@þ÷ÿ
ḄᑮḄ᎛஺⏨!
"#$%&'()%*ᨵ,-ᐸ/ᦔ12஺3Ḽ5ᛛᑖ᪆9:ᦔ1;Ḅ<=>,?@ᵨB?@ᵨḄCᔾEᦟGHIᩭKLᜓ஺ᨬO◤⌕ᨵ᪵STU>VWXᙠZ▎Ḅ\]^C
᪷`abcd஺SectionIVWritingPartA

7247.Directions:SupposeyouaregoingtostudyabroadandshareanapartmentwithJohn,alocalstudent.Writehimtoemailto1)tellhimaboutyourlivinghabits,and2)askforadviceaboutlivingthere.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonanswersheet.Donotuseyourownname.PartB48.Directions:WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET.(15points)Youshould1.interpretthechart,and2.giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)