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ὃẆ▅⚪ὃẆ▅⚪1Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritain'sNationalHealthService(NHS)andDeepMindmuststartbyacknowledgingthatbothsidesmeanwell.DeepMindisoneoftheleadingartificialintelligence(AI)paniesintheworld.Thepotentialofthisworkappliedtohealthcareisverygreat,butitcouldalsoleadtofurtherconcentrationofpowerinthetechgiants.ItIsagainstthatbackgroundthattheinformationmissioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedherdamningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustundertheNHS,whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsIn20XXonthebasisofavagueagreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatients'rightsandtheirexpectationsofprivacy.DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthasmendeditsways.Furtherarrangements-andtheremaybemany-betweentheNHSandDeepMindwillbecarefullyscrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessarypermissionshavebeenaskedofpatientsandallunnecessarydatahasbeencleaned.Therearelessonsaboutinformedpatientconsenttolearn.Butprivacyisnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhemostimportant.MsDenhamchosetoconcentratetheblameontheNHStrust,sinceunderexistinglawit“controlled“thedataandDeepMindmerely

1wprocessed"it.Butthisdistinctionmissesthepointthatitisprocessingandaggregation,notthemerepossessionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalue.Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallthedatathatourlivesnowgenerate.Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamagetoanindividualfromidentifiableknowledgeaboutthem.Thatmissesthewaythesurveillanceeconomyworks.Thedataofanindividualtheregainsitsvalueonlywhenitisparedwiththedataofcountlessmillionsmore.Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeelsslightlymaladapted.Thispracticedoesnotaddresstherealworry.ItisnotenoughtosaythatthealgorithmsDeepMinddevelopswillbenefitpatientsandsavelives.Whatmattersisthattheywillbelongtoaprivatemonopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublicresources.Ifsoftwarepromisestosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan,bigdatamaybeexpectedtobehaveasabigpharmhasdone.Wearestillatthebeginningofthisrevolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttohavegiganticconsequenceslater.Alongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoidafutureofdigitalfeudalism.MsDenham*sreportisawelestart.31.WhaistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind?[A]Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.

2[B]Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatient'srights.[C]Itfellshortofthelatter'sexpectations[D]Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.32.TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenham'sverdictwith[A]emptypromises.[B]toughresistance.[C]necessaryadjustments.[D]sincereapologies.33.TheauthorarguesinParagraph2that[A]privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcosts.[B]leakingpatients*dataisworsethansellingit.[C]makingprofitsfrompatients'dataisillegal.[D]thevalueofdataesfromtheprocessingofit34.Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarisingfromthisdealis[A]theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas.[B]theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw.

3[C]theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware.[D]themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants.35.Theauthor*sattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcareis[A]ambiguous.[B]cautious.[C]appreciative.[D]contemptuous.ὃẆ▅⚪2ThejournalScienceisaddinganextrasourceatPeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNottannouncedtoday.TheFollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatMistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtothePublishedresearchfindings."Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,^writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,theJournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingManuscriptwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybytheJournal'seditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerTheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthese

4Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid,"Thecreationofthe'statisticsboard1wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience'soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.nGiovanniParmigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardto"playprimarilyonadvisoryrole."Heagreedtojoinbecausehe"foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.nJohnloannidis,aphysicianwhostudiesresearchmethodology,saysthatthepolicyis"amostwelestepforward'1and"longoverdue,""Mostjournalsareweakinstatisticalreview,andthisdamagesthequalityofwhattheypublish.Ithinkthat,forthemajorityofscientificpapersnowadays,statisticalreviewismoreessentialthanexpertreview,nhesays.ButhenotedthatbiomedicaljournalssuchasAnnalsofInternalMedicine,theJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationandTheLancetpaystrongattentiontostatisticalreview.

5Professionalscientistsareexpectedtoknowhowtoanalyzedata,butstatisticalerrorsarealarminglymoninpublishedresearch,accordingtoDavidVaux,acellbiologist.Researchersshouldimprovetheirstandards,hewrotein20XX,butjournalsshouldalsotakeatougherline,"engagingreviewerswhoarestatisticallyliterateandeditorswhocanverifytheprocess.f'VauxsaysthatScience'sideatopasssomepaperstostatisticians"hassomemerit,butaweaknessisthatitreliesontheboardofreviewingeditorstoidentify'thepapersthatneedscrutiny'inthefirstplace.n31.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphIthat[A]Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess.[B]journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks.[C]fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis.[D]lackofdataanalysisismoninresearchprojects.32.Thephrase"flaggedup(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningto[A]found.[B]revised.EC]marked

6[D]stored33.GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay[A]poseathreattoallitspeers[B]meetwithstrongopposition[C]increaseScience'scirculation.[D]setanexampleforotherjournals34.DavidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnowA.addstoresearchers'worklosd.B.diminishestheroleofreviewers.C.hasroomforfurtherimprovement.D.istofailintheforeseeablefuture.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?A.ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapersB.ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespectC.DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors'DesksD.StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScienceὃẆ▅⚪3

7Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketopandemicflutoclimatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto.Butsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossilrecordshowsthatmanyspecieshaveenduredformillionsofyears-sowhyshouldn'twe?Takeabroaderlookatourspecies'placeintheuniverse,anditbeesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchanceofsurvivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears(see"100,000ADLivinginthedeepfutureK).LookupHomosapiensintheIUCN's"RedList"ofthreatenedspecies,andyouwillread"ListedasLeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline.”Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?Agrowingnumberofresearchersandorganisationsarenowthinkingseriouslyaboutthatquestion.Forexample,theLongNowFoundation,basedinSanFrancisco,hascreatedaforumwherethinkersandscientistsareinvitedtoprojecttheimplicationsoftheirideasoververylongtimescales.Itsflagshipprojectisamechanicalclock,burieddeepinsideamountaininTexas,thatisdesignedtostillbemarkingtimethousandsofyearshence.

8ThentherearescientistswhoaregivingseriousconsiderationtotheideathatweshouldrecogniseanewgeologicaleratheAnthropocene.They,too,arepullingthecamerarightbackandaskingwhathumanity'simpactwillbeontheplanet-inthecontextofstratigraphictime.Perhapsperversely,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture.Thepotentialevolutionoftoday'stechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglyplicated,andit'sperhapsbestlefttoscience-fictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That'sonereasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture.Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthatwecansaywithconsiderableassurance.Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuturewehavenowidentifiedenoughofthelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanet,andourspecies,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendantswillfindthemselves.Thislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticviewofourprospectsseemmorelikelytobeapassingfad.Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosywhileourspeciesmayflourish,agreatmanyindividualsmaynot.Butwearenowknowledgeableenoughtomitigatemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceofearlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetoe.

9Thinkingaboutourplaceindeeptimeisagoodwaytofocusonthechallengesthatconfrontustoday,andtomakeafutureworthlivingin.31.Ourvisionofthefutureusedtobeinspiredby[A]ourdesireforaresoffulfillment[B]ourfaithinscienceandteched[C]ourawarenessofpotentialrisks[D]ourbdiefinequalopportunity32.TheIUCN“RodList"suggestthathumanbeingson[A]asustainedspecies[B]theword'sdeminantpower[C]athreattotheenvironment[D]amisplacedrace33.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph5?[A]Archelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalstudies.[B]Technologyofferssolutionstosocialproblem.[C]Theinterestinsciencefictionisontherise.[D]OurImmediatefutureishardtoconceive.

1034.Toensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucialto[A]exploreourplanet'sabundantresources.[B]adoptanoptimisticviewoftheworld.[C]drawonourexperiencefromthepast.[D]curbourambitiontoreshapehistory.35.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[A]UncertaintyaboutOurFuture[B]EvolutionoftheHumanSpecies[C]TheEver-brightProspectsofMankind.[D]Science,TechnologyandHumanity.