计算机硬件知识

《计算机硬件知识》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。


ᵯᾯᜧᵯᾯ᰿ὅᐵḄᙠᵨᵯᾯ!"#$%ᔜ'ᔜ᪵Ḅᦑ*+,-.Ḅᵯᾯ/0ᦑ*Ḅ1Ạ┐4ᜧḄ56789:;᯿=>Ḅᵯᾯ?᪀ᱯ᜽C-ᦻEFᵯᾯGHIJKLMNO-.#ᨵQᜧᦈSTU᪗“U᪗”Ḅ᪗YZ[\]“U᪗ᘤ”_ᦻ`"Mouse“hi$%ᑮ%ᙠk"ᨵ38nḄᔊpq஺U᪗Ḅᵨsq
Ḅtuvwxyᩭ{|}~ᳲḄᢣ஺U᪗ḄFU᪗ᢥᑖsU᪗ஹPS/2U᪗ஹU᪗'஺U᪗
Gᨵ9┐25┐'஺PS/2U᪗-┐DIN
G,h}~ḄGᵨ£¤¥ᑖ஺U᪗Ḅᙠᓱ§஺U᪗Ḅ¨u©ᳮFU᪗ᢥᐸ¨u©ᳮḄ¬®ᑖs¯U᪗ᐝᵯU᪗஺¯U᪗±⌕ᵫ´ᳫஹ¶·ᐝ᪕H¹º»ᘤ¼ᡂ஺¾=¿ÀU᪗£ÁÀ´ᳫÂÀ´ᳫÃÁÀ¶·ÂÀÄᙠ¶·ÅÆḄᐝ᪕H¹º»ᘤÇÈḄᐝᵯᾭÊH¹Ë᧜$U᪗ᘤᙠᚖÎÏÐÑᔣḄÓÔÕᓄ×ᵯᾯØḄᜐᳮÂᣚᩭÛᑴÝÞ§ᐝ᪗ßᜮḄÔÀ஺ᐝᵯU᪗ᘤáâU᪗ᘤḄÓÔãÓÔH¹ÂᣚsᵯᾭÊH¹×ØḄᜐᳮÂᣚᩭÛᑴÝÞ§Ḅᐝ᪗ßᜮḄÔÀ஺ᐝᵯU᪗ᵨᐝᵯº»ᘤ{|q´ᳫ஺亻ᘤ◤⌕ᱯᑴḄஹÁᨵᩩçᡈéêëᫀḄíîïᔠᵨ஺ñ᜜U᪗óᢥ᜜ôᑖs}U᪗ஹ}U᪗ஹ´õU᪗»\U᪗}U᪗}U᪗Ḅö÷ᢥ}øùMᐰ-û-üýþÿ,

1ᡃᵨḼ᪗Ḅᢥᙠᵨᱯ᝞AutoCAD"#$%&'()*ᵨ+,-᪗./0᪗ᙠ123ᵯᾯ6ᵨ789:;<=ᔣ?@᪗ḄAᙊᳫᡈᙠ/0E6F@Gᢣᐝ᪗J'ᔣK0=ᔣF@Lᐝ᪗ᑮN⚜PQRᢥ)S᪗ᡈ/0EJT᡻VK0WX஺Z[᪗.3D᪗]^_`Z[᪗.3Da@᪗bcde^⚨Ḅ᪗஺Z[᪗ᘤchi〉0ᜧlmnoᘤpqrḄ஺ᡠt“Z[“ᓽwᨵᵯ[yzpc{ᵨ|⁚~ᵯZ[᤯᪗ᘤᨵ@ḨWXᵯTᵨ6)zᦈᙠ1.8ᑁ஺3Da@᪗c)^Ḅ᪗ᘤTL*9Ḅ᪗ᘤᵨpᐹᨵS%ᱯ]1#ᐹᨵᐰ=QᑴX஺ᐹᨵஹஹ¡ஹ¢ஹ6ஹS£%F@=ᔣpT¤ᔠ_¢¡S""ḄF@=ᔣ஺2#᜜¨.9᪗<஺)©ᵫ)%ᡧ¨Ḅ¬.)%X®¯@Ḅᑴᘤ᪀ᡂ஺3#ᐹᨵa@WXᓽ²³´✄WX஺¶·¸L¹º»¼½ஹ¹'/³ᑮ¹Ḅ᪗&a@i஺4#c¿ÀḄÁ᪗஺ZÂDOSᡈWindowsË᛻S᪗Ḅ.¢bᜧÍᵨÎ஺ÏÏcᨬÑᵨ&cᨬÒ⌕ḄÔᐭÖᜓØÏTÙÚᦻÜÝஹᦪÜஹ᪗ß"Ôᐭᑮàáâãpᔣàáâä_åæஹÔᐭᦪç"஺PCXT/ATìḄÏÒ⌕83hÒíîïiKLðḄ)ñòḼóôõö÷øḄùVúûüý஺þpìÿḄ
101104ᓰḄᙢᯠᐸ102ஹ103Ḅᵫ!"#ᗐ%&
᧛()஺+,-ᑁ/0Ḽ104Ḅ
2ᐶ4567ᙠ9:Ḅ;Ạ=>?@A#BCᵨEᣩᡈHIJ⁚LMNPCQRS)TUᓄW

2ᦈZᵯ\]^ஹᡭ`abᘤd^ஹef456ghᘤi%&◤⌕ᢥ)mᱯoᢥᓽqrsᙠ᜜u=vAwᜧᦋᗐḼw6AḄmឋᓄ஺{|}~4ᵨ᝞HPஹὶi%᳛ᐜᵨA}~ᑮ"Ḅ)Ḅᱯ⁐஺ḼsḄ!Ḅ=ḄᐹᨵᔜEᣩḄᓫ¡ᨵ¢ᵨḄ£f¤¥d^ᙠ¦§=¨mឋᓄḄQR஺C©Ḅᨵª«ᢥᵯ§«ᢥ¬ᙠ®¯°ᨵ)±²ↈ´ᢥḄ஺ª«
ᨬ¶ᵨḄ·᪀)¹~º»¼0²«`ᐵḄ¾ᳮN²ÀÁÂᡈÃ`ᐹᨵÄUᓫஹÅÆÇÈஹÉÊ)¹ஹËÌᜧஹ᧕ÎÏḄᱯឋᜧÐᑖÒÓḄªᵨÔᱏÖ×RÖឋᩞᧇÔᱏ᧕ᢚ᧕ᜫÜÖឋNᵨs)Ýᦑß᳛ᓣáᙠâ;ãäåæçèéḄ
ᵯ§«஺7
;ᵯ§«`ᐵḄ¾ᳮ
Âᢥᦋêᵯ᩽Ḅìíîᵯ§IḄêᓄᨚsuᡂ◫₩ᾭôᐕöÂḄᩩ^஺ᳮø=}`ᐵ
ù²Àú0²«ḄÎÏ᳛᩽ûüýqþÿᶍ
ᨵ
Ḅ◚ᐹᨵ᧕ᑴᑴ⌼Ḅ!"#$%&᪀(ᩖ஺+ᨵ,-ᵨ/!$Ḅ012ᐰ456ᵨ7ↈ9ᢥ;〉ᵨ/ᱯ>?ᔠ஺Ḅ᜜Bᑖ0᪗EFGH!IJGH!IJKᙠ᪗EMNᢣPQRḄSTFUTVWᜧYᙽSUᑖ[\Bᡂ,R^_`abὅ
dᨵefḄᜳhijkᢝ,-m#nᯠḄB᝱V-qḄrstuvwx0nᯠ(NaturalKeyboard),/ᡭḄᵨᡝᨵᦔḄSUTḄ᳛᝞"G”F”H”°ᨵḄGH!IJ+ᨵeᜧᵨ᝞F¡¢Ḅ☢¤ᙠḄ¥¦§¨ᡲYª«¬Ί®ᢝ¯ᵫ/Ί±²¬³´Ḅµ¶஺V·¸¹0GឋᓄḄq஺

3Ḅ᜜¼஺½«¾¿PCᵯᾯḄ¸6ᵨÄÅ¿b0,ÆÇÈḄÉᐭ¦ËᐹᨵnÌḄ᜜¼஺☢Y᪷Î᫏Ð6ᵨ
ÑḄᛛᧇÔᑴÕᡂ¦ᑖÖḄצ6ᵨ#ØḄÙY§ḄFÚឋ
ÛV᪵,ᩭÞᶧ§1ᡂàᡠ
âãä6ᵨᛛᧇ×åḄq஺᜜¼01〉æ
ÑᵨᡝḄ◤⌕ḄצqᨵᢚêḄ®ᢝëì[®ᥛë`kᢝ,Rîï_
ÑḄðñòᓫôஹiôö÷øôḄ^_ù᦮஺ḄûᨵATûஹPS/2
ᨬḄUSB
ᙠḄᵨPS/2
ᜧᦪPS/2
஺ὁḄ""AT
%&'(“ᜧ“ᙠ*+,"-.஺USB/(0Ḅ
12345678.USB
ḄUSB
:;1<ᓬ>?ឋAḄBᦈᦔEFGHIJKUSBLM,NOḄᵨᡝQR⌱T஺UVWXYZ1<5.25]^ḄUV;1976cḄd᎛ᵫShugartAssociates34(IBMḄᜧ0ẆuḄ஺vᩭxᵨᙠIBMyzḄPC|஺1980c3478.3.5]^Ḅ஺ᑮ90cdᑮᙠ3.5]^ஹ1.44MBḄU1ᵨPCḄ᪗Ḅᦪ஺yzḄ1ᵨ5.25]^UV5.25]^UV⌕ᨵ஺1(5.25]^☢BUV%5.25^1.2MUVQᑏ5.25]^☢BU1.2Mஹ5.25]^☢U360Kஹ5.25]^ᓫ☢U180K஺£1(☢UV¤¥ὅḄ⌕§¨;,Aᑏ5.25]^☢BUL2M஺vᩭª«83.5]^☢BUV%3.5^1.44MUVQᑏ3.5]^☢BU1.44M3.5]^ᓫ☢BU720K஺ᙠ¬1®d¯°1±ᨵ

4´µUVḄᱯ>;·¸¹ᓫº·¸ᡂ¼B½U·᧕8┯Q☠ឋÁ;6Ã᠒஺ÅƼ1ᵨᑁÈ3.55“L44MBḄUVᡈ᜜ÈḄUV஺ᐝVᐝV;°Ì"-Ḅ1<³Í஺ÎḼÐÑḄÒᵨÓᩭÓÔÕÖᐝVᙠ׳Í|Ḅ*+ᡂ᪗³È஺Ø¥ᐝVQᑖ(CD-ROMVÝᘤஹDVDᐝV(DVD-ROM),ãä(COMBO)åæç஺CD-ROMᐝVèé'(ê:ëìᘤ;1:Ḅᐝëìíî஺ï;ᑭᵨñ¼ᵨò⚣CDḄCD-DA(DigitalAudio)öu÷øᩭḄ஺DVDᐝVè;1QRùDVDúᱏḄᐝV◀.ý·DVD-ROM,DVD-VIDEO,DVD-R,CD-ROMç"-Ḅö᜜,?CD-R/RW,CD-I,VIDEO-CD,CD-G⌕Ḅᢝ஺COMBOᐝ“”ᐝCOMBOᐝḄ!"஺#COMBOᐝ$%&ᔠ(CD)*ஹCD-ROM-DVD-ROM.$/Ḅ01ᐝ2345஺)*ᐝᒹ7(CD-RஹCD-RW-DVD)*9,ᐸ;DVD)*9<ᑖDVD+RஹDVD-RஹDVD+RWஹDVD-RW(W@⊤BCDEᑏ)-DVD-RAM஺)*9Ḅ᜜J-KLᐝMN0OPᐸQR☢TULVWXᙢ᪗[ḼᑏᐭஹDᑏ-^_`%ab஺CD)*abCD)*abᢣdᐝ345ᡠᢝḄᨬᜧḄCD-R)*ha஺iQjklmᑁRoCD-RW45ᨬᜧpᑮḄ52ha

5Ḅ)*abOtᨵvᑖ40haஹ48haḄ45Oᙠ{▭}~;l9ឋḄO`ὅ)*abUḄMN஺52haCD-RW)*9Ḅ᩽▲Oᨵᡠᓣ஺᜜RoḄCD-RW)*9jkUḄ45abMᜧOᨵ8haஹ24haஹ40haஹ48ha-52haO$᜜OḼ¡¢ឋḄ45)*ab$£Ḅ¤¥஺#/¦§.¨Ḅ᜜RoCD-RW)*9©ᢝªḄ)*abO«¬ᑁRoᢝ¥஺DVD)*abiQjk;ḄDVD)*9pᑮḄᨬª)*ab.16haO°24haḄ)*abO±²ᦪ´µ¶·.2.76M5.52MB,)*$º4.7GBḄDVD»ᱏ◤⌕ᜧ¾1527ᑖ¿ḄÀÁÂ#Ãᵨ8ha)*ᑣP◤⌕7ᑮ8ᑖ¿OPÆ)*$ºCD-RḄab᠒$ÈOÉὃ⇋ᑮᐸ)*Ḅᦪ´·O8haḄ)*abpᑮ(ªḄÌb஺DVD)*abÍÎDVD)*9Ḅ✌⌕O᝞ÑᙠÒÓᐙÕḄÖ×ØOÙB⌱ÛªhaḄDVD)*9஺CD^_abᨬᜧCD^_abᢣᐝ2345ᙠ^_CD-ROMᐝ»À:ᡠpᑮᨬᜧᐝha஺.┐CD-ROMᐝ»OÞdabßCD-ROMhaᩭ᪗"ONÃᵨDVD-ROMḄha᪗"஺iQCD-ROMᡠpᑮḄᨬᜧCD^_ab56ha;DVD-ROM^_CD-ROMabâ☢⌕ᶍ£$ÈOpᑮ52haḄ45tÆäOᜧvᑖ.48haÂCOMBO45pᑮ(52ha஺°50haḄCD-ROMåᘤᳮèUḄᦪ´µ¶᳛ê.150X50=7500Kî⁚/²஺ᐸ{ᐝ^»Ḅabñ᠒Mòóᓝᑖ⌕஺iQNõö9÷ø;ùúûḄvü஺#ýOiQªhaᐝḄ᪗"þPᙠᳮÿ
᜜ᙌḄᨬ▭ᵨ24Ḅ᪵஺36ஹ40#50Ḅᐝ&▭'ᵨ(ᩭ*+,-./0ᜧ஺DVD4:ᨬᜧDVD4ᢣᐝ789:ᙠ4DVD-ROM

6ᐝABᡠDEᑮᨬᜧᐝ&G஺HIDVD-ROMGᩭJKḄ஺LMDVD-ROM&NᘤḄᡠDEᑮḄᨬᜧDVD416GQDVDRSTᡠDEᑮḄᨬᜧDVD412GUV16GḄ9:WXYZQLMᖪ\COMBO9:ᡠ_ᢝḄᨬᜧDVD4*⌕ᨵ8Gd16Gef஺CDgᑏiCDgᑏᢣRSTᙠRSCD-RWᐝAᙠᐝAk78ᨵᦪmBnᐸpqᦪmr◀tRSuᦪmḄᨬᜧRS஺vwCD-RWRSTᙠnCD-RWᐝAgᑏxyBzIEᑮ32G,|ᯠDVDRST_ᢝnCD-RWᐝAḄzᑏ~CDgᑏ⌕ᶍCD-RWRSTᨵ/Ḅ9:DEᑮ32GḄgᑏ஺COMBO9:ᙠCD-RWgᑏ☢⊤┯ᙠ☢kḄ9:DEᑮ24GḄᑖ9:Eᑮ32G஺DVDgᑏiDVDgᑏᢣDVDRSTᙠRSUḄDVDRSᐝA,ᙠᐝAk78ᨵᦪmBnᐸpqᦪmr◀tRSuᦪmḄᨬᜧRS஺LMᔜfᑴḄDVDRSTᨬᜧDEᑮḄᨬᜧDVDgᑏ4G5.4MB/SḄ஺ᘤ¡T¢£¤ᵨCRTᘤdLCD§ᨔᘤefiᜧ©kªᙠCRTᘤᑖᳫ☢¬d¬ef஺ᡠ®ᳫ☢ᢣ¬Ḅ¯☢ᳫ☢°f¬ᙠdᚖ²ᔣ´µḄ஺¶¬·¸ᙠ#ᚖ²ᔣ¹ᐰḄ☢ᜫ¼X½ᳫ☢¾¿஺ᙠ¼ÀÁKkḄᳫ☢ᘤÂÃÄÅ4¶ÆÇḄ“☢²É”¬☢²É¬ᐸt¼ÀÁKkḄ☢ˬḄµ᳛½ᳫ☢¾¿ÍÎ☢¶ÏÐɲɶÂLM\k◀ᘤd§ᨔᘤ᜜°fᳫ☢ᘤᵫÒᜧÓ½vÔÕᙠ᫏

7T×ØᜧÙ¤ᵨ஺LMLCD§ᨔᘤᜧÓTFTקᨔᘤ஺CRTᘤḄÛÜᢣ¬ḄnÉÝÛÜ஺ᨬᜧzÞ☢ßᘤzIàáḄᨬᜧã஺¬Ḅᜧ¾¢£InÉÝḄäᩭ⊝ÙIæÜᓫèé1æÜ=2.54cmí,£îḄᨵ15æÜஹ17æÜஹ19æÜஹ20æÜñ஺☢ßX¾Ḅᜧ¾஺☢ßᵨäòḄóßᩭ⊤¢£ôõᵨö÷zîᑖḄnÉÝäᩭ⊤஺15æÜᘤḄzÞãᙠ13.8æÜøù17æÜᘤḄzÞúûᜧÓᙠ15~16æÜÇý19æÜᘤzÞúûEᑮ18ÜæÜøù஺LCDᘤḄÛÜᢣ§ᨔ☢þḄnÉÝÛÜIæÜᓫèé1æÜ=2.54cmí,ᙠ*ÿḄᨵ15ஹ17ஹ19஺ᡧᡧᡧᩖḄᜧ☢ᓫ"#ᑖ%&dB)஺*+ᡧḄ,◤⌕ᙠ,017dBḄ1234567ᡧ89:;ᡧ<=Ḅᔣ?@ᡧḄ4ABCᵨAFᩗḄH45*+஺ᡧ,Ḅ⚣JᱯឋMNO⌕PQ◤⌕ᵨ⚣JRSTᡧḄ,⚣᳛ᑖVWX8Y⌕ZᡧḄ,⌕[+Ḅ\]^_`ᙠa஺ᡧ

8bᑁḄ

95ஹḄ⌕=ᱏ1ஹᓅ᫑=ᱏMCHᙠCPU89Ḅmn56ᑁNoᑴ=ᱏqrᓅ᫑=ᱏஹ5s☢ᨵ5tuḄᦣwᱏ஺ᓅ᫑=ᱏḄ⌕xyᦪSz{|}~oᑴ஺5n☢_FGJK|CPUTᣚ}~5n☢⌕|ᑁNஹAGPஹᓭ᫑Tᣚ}~஺2ஹᓭ᫑=ᱏICH4ᓭ᫑=ᱏ⌕᜜ᜓḄᦪSᜐᳮ|z{஺ICH4ḄᨵICHIஹICH2ஹICH3,ᢝUSB2.0஺ICH4ᢝUSB2.0oᑖ*qᓫᓭ᫑=ᱏᨵ82801AB82801BB82801CB82801DBᑖICHIICH2ICH3ICH4oᓭ᫑=ᱏḄq¡¢£¤¥᜜¦ᜓyᵨ᝞IDE\ஹFDD\Dyᵨq(yᓭ᫑¨஺©¢ᓭᓅ᫑=ᱏª«¬[ªᱯ®¯°*◤⌕²³ḄBGA´ᡠ¶5sḄ·¸¹º»¸¼ᓭᓅ᫑஺3ஹBIOS=ᱏFWH¾5¥¿[ḄÀ}ÁÂᓄᙠ56ÄÅNÆᘤᑁ஺YÈÀÉÊËÌ⌕[\஺HIÍeÎ✌ᐜÑËÒÓᵨ5¥À}ÁḄឋy¿[ÔÕḼHIY|ÀḄÖ×ឋ஺Ø᝞5¥ÙḄᢝᜧÚÛᓝGḄÀÝDÞ⚪(¶_ᓣáBIOSᩭâã஺ᡃ*åæᵨÎ⍗ᑮḄ5¥|éᜓÖ×ḄÞ⚪q(¶_ᓣáᩭâã஺᝞êëḄìᯠ£¨CPUîᡧðᙠñeòóë✌ᐜôὃ⇋BIOS=ᱏᔲø஺4ஹHIÎùúûᘤCLKᙠḄþÊÿᨵᨔᐗᑡ⚣ᾭḄᾭᐭᑮᘤ!ᱏᑁ$%᦮'(ᑖ⚣ᯠ+ᑖ,-./0◤⌕Ḅᔜ4⚣᳛஺5ஹ9:ᐭ;<=!ᱏI/OABCDEḄFGHᡈFJHD⌕!ᱏᨵWinbond(ITE,TUVWXஹY᪗ஹ[=\ᩭḄ[^ᦪ`aᓄcd^ᦪ`஺efgh=(ij=Ḅᦪ`\^ᜐ

10ᳮ஺ᙠᡃpḄqrstu᝞WX(Y᪗=wᡭᓺ=wz᜜|}~ᵨcI/O!ᱏwᨵ⌼ᡂ}Ḅs஺6ஹᓱ!ᱏcsᙠḄDEᦪᡂᓱᡂḄcAC'97ᓱ!ᱏ஺ᯠfᨵCMIḄ8738ᓱ!ᱏz஺᝞ḄᡂᓱᨵwḄ~ឋᨬᜧ஺¢ஹDEJD⌕Ḅ£¤1ஹCPU£¤¨©ᡠᨵḄDE«ᵨsocketᑡ±²³£¤஺´µḄP3«ᵨḄsocket370£¤sᙠḄP4«ᵨsocket478£¤,´µḄP4fᨵ«ᵨsocket423£¤ḄintelḄº»ᘤCPU᝞¼½(Xeon)ᑣ«ᵨsocket603£¤஺2ஹᑁÂÃÄ£¤sᙠÅtJᡃp~ÆᑮḄᑁÂᨵSDRAMDDRSDRAMஹRAMBUSË4஺SDRAMᑁÂᵫCDDRᑁÂḄÍÎGÏÐ$⌲ÒÓ;Åt«ᵨ168Ä£¤ÔÕ(FÖᨵ×■Ù£Ú=ÛDDRSDRAMᵫCÜÝḄឋÍÞÐ$ᡂcÅtḄDß஺«ᵨ184Ä£¤,ᙠÔÕàᨵ■Ù£Ú=ÛRAMBUSᑁÂáᯠឋ~âãäÍÎåæ}GçJintelÐ$èégḄêᢝᡠìḄ©⌶îïàäðñòḄ£¤«ᵨ184ÄRIMM£¤äᙠÔÕᨵ×■Ù£Ú=஺ᨵóᡝõÙ᧜ᙠ845DEJᨵᑁÂ÷}ᐰḄsäclintel845ᑡDEà~êᢝ4Bank(BankìᳮúcᑁÂᩩḄ☢)ᙠ845ᑡDEJA|ᨵËᑁ£ýþ¢£ý(þË£ýᐳ
Bank஺ᡠ᝞ᙠ
Ḅᑁᩩ☢Ḅ256M,!"#$%ᑮ'256Mo3ஹAGP./012456CPU2Ḅ9:ᕈ<⁐஺4Ḅ⚣᳛64MHZ஺CDEFᑖAGP2X,IᙠḄJAGP4X,Kᨵ'MN

11OPQRᢝAGP8X஺ᵫ6VWḄDEᡠ◤⌕Ḅᵯ[VWᡠ'MNOV\N⌕]ᵨᡝ`ὁḄAGP2XbᓱᙠḄdḄAGP2XNOFCe`AGP2fghijk᠚Ḅ]'MdḄNOPQᙠNOFmᡂoᵯ[pqr⁚tu4vpqwxbᓱḄᵯ[஺4ஹPCI0124ᕈIz⁐ᙠAGP2Ḅ{:|NOVWJ}V~஺4Ḅ⚣᳛33MHZ஺Jᓱᓱ~ᐸ4'M᜜஺5ஹIDEᜓ4'56NOḄ☢஺ᨵᓝ┐ᓝ1஺IDEᙠ'ᨵ'ᕈ⁐⊤4IDE1஺|✌ᐜIDE1,ᡠIDE1¡¢஺IᙠḄNOJPRᢝATA100,ᨵ¥RᢝATA133,¦§¨©ḄNOPQRᢝª«ATA,4]ᙠ«¬D᳛®¯°'±²¨Ḅ³´µIḄ'¶dḄஹᐹᨵ§¨¬DEḄᢈ¹Kº]'»ḄN¼ᢈ¹஺bᓱbᓱᐰ¾]bᘤ〉ÁᓱIᙠḄbᓱÂ]3D./ÃDᓱ஺4]]ÄNÅbᘤḄᓱ஺ᐸÆᵨ]ºNÅḄµÇÈÉᣚᡂËÌஹ./ÍÎ⁐~ÇȬ〈ᑮbᘤFb஺bᓱᙠNOḄISAஹPCIஹAGP᡽ÒÓISAbᓱIPÔÕÖ×஺IᙠKᨵ'MNO]mᡂbᓱḄ஺ᵯØᵯᾯÓᨬÛ⌕ḄÜÝ]Þ!ßàÇáᜧJᦪjäµḄåᫀV]CPU"]bᓱ஺ç┯ᵯᾯᡠ⊤IµḄᡠᨵឋ$êëÂìᑴîN⌕ÜÝḄឋ$஺eᩭᜧðᙠñòoᔜpḄᵯᾯឋ$ôõ§ᐵ÷Ḅ'ø⚪K"]úûឋo஺

12üᡃþᵯᾯµIᦑ
ᜧᑖᵨᡝ᪗
┝ᑮCPUஹᓱஹஹᑁஹ!"“$%ᱥ”()*+,ᵯᾯḄឋ1234᝞67ᢵ9:ឋ;ᯠ=ὃ⇋Ḅ@1!"A⌕ḄឋC஺1EᓾGᨵIᑮJᡠᨵḄLឋᵯᾯCᐸNOᨵ=ᨬQRḄST@1U3SV@1“ᵯ”WᐗCGᨵY“ᵯ“U3᪷S[\7ᢵ:]^ᵨ)_ᙠᵯᾯ:aᦑ
ᨬ9*c3ᡠᐵeḄ@1ᵯfḄgThi஺ST(ᵯfj1ᵯᾯᨬA⌕ḄC1ᐸkl᝞6ᵯf9m$@9noᐸ2ᑖḄm$p^q@[rstuḄᦑ஺vwxᵯfᑖḄᦑᙠ᦮z{ᓰḄ}~ᨬLᦑ@1ᵫᵯfḄ஺ᡠᵯᾯᨬẠq1ᨬA⌕Ḅ\@1✌ᐜ2ᜓ᳛ஹpஹLgTḄᵯf஺aᙠ1P4
q⌲ᩭ64ḄLᓱ¡¢£ᐙ¥ḼNV40ªX800ḄLᳮ¯ᡠc3°±aᙠᵯf⌕ᜧ᳛Ḅ⌕᳛Ḅ²^*ᵯf³´N᪗᳛᎝4ὅḄ·¸ᵯfᙠ!´¹᎝᳛N᪗Ḅº☩{R¼᝞ᙢ¾¿Ḽ“N᪗᳛”Ḅᳮ¯ᐪᐪÁÁḄ*ÂÃὅ᜽Å(N᪗᳛ḄLgTᵯf஺ᑁÆÇ1ᑁᕖÉᙠxÊzḄËᡂÍ᪀{ᨵ=ÏA⌕Ḅᑖ@1Ðᘤ஺Ðᘤ1ᵨᩭÐÒÓÔᦪvḄCxÊzᩭ°,ᨵYÐᘤjᨵ×Øjnom$p^஺ÐᘤḄÙÚÏ,ᢥᐸᵨ⌶ᑖ*ÐᘤÔÝÞÐᘤÐᘤßàᑁÐᘤáâàᑁãÝÞÐᘤßà᜜Ðᘤáâà᜜ã஺᜜å$1æឋçTᡈᐝêëæìCDîïnðñòó9ôõᵯᩭnðñö1ᵫz÷CìøùúªCPUû}@ü᠒Ḅ஺ᑁᢣḄ@1(ḄÐC1CPUÿ
ᵨᐸᦪḄᙠᵨḄᓽ᡻Ḅᦪ

13Ḅᱥᳮ#$%&'(ᡈ*(ᐹᜓᦪ-ᐭ-/ᦪ01Ḅ2ᡂᵯ5ᑁ7ᵨ8ᨚ:ᦪ';ᐵ=ᵯ>ᡈ?@AᵯᐸḄᦪ%BCᜫ஺Fᯠᑁ&ᵨᩭᙠᵨḄᓽ᡻Ḅᦪ,JK&LKMNḄᕖPᡃRSTᡠVᑮḄXYZḄᑁᢣḄ&\᝱ᑁᓽDRAM,\᝱ᑁᡠbḄ“\᝱“ᢣḄ&ᡃRdᦪᑏᐭDRAMfgh'i:jᦪBCᜫkl◤⌕'op᜜rᵯ5sᑁᑵuvN஺ᐹwḄMNh&x᪵Ḅz'oDRAMḄᓫᐗḄ&஺}&18ᵯ&ᔲᨵᵯ₹ᨵᵯ₹⊤1,ᵯ₹⊤0஺:j'⊤1ḄᵯBᵯ⊤0ḄᵯBᔾᦈᵯ₹x%&ᦪCᜫḄkᑵuvNᵯsᵯᜧ8ᵯḄ1/2,ᑣᐸ⊤1,ᵯᐙᵯᵯ81/2,ᑣᐸ⊤0,ᵯᵯlᩭ¡ᢝᦪḄ£¤ឋ஺¦'ᨵXYZ§¨%ᨵᑁ஺ᑁ?©ᑮªᜩ¬gᔊ®¯*°Ḅᢈ²ᦋs¦ᨬµḄDRAM'¶ᑮFPMDRAMஹEDODRAM.SDRAM¾ᑁḄ¿À'¶ᙠVÁ¬ᙠÃAḄÄÅ஺ªᜩÆÇᘤÉ⌕ᵨḄ&ÊK᪵ḄᑁᕖPËIAÍ᪀ḄÆÇᘤÏÐᵨḄ®ISTEREDECCSDRAM,Ô'ᡃRdÕÖ×Øx'ᐰuḄᑁᢈ²ÚÛÆÇᘤÜᩭḄÝᱯḄᢈ²ßà஺CPUCPU:CenterProcessUnitḄëᑏìíᜐᳮᘤ஺¬ïðñᜐᳮᘤ஺ᢣᐹᨵòYᘤóᑴᘤ01Ḅᜧõö2ᡂᵯ5஺ñᜐᳮᘤᙠñZ÷Ḽᨬù⌕ḄNᵨ&ñZḄúû᪀ᡂ®üýḄóᑴú,ᔜsý'ÿ
ᑴ஺CPUᡂ:

14ᓫᐗALU⌕ᡂ+ஹஹXஹ+
ᔜ!ஹᡈஹ#ஹ$ᡈஹ%&ஹ'()*+஺ALU,ᔠᵯ/012345*+ᦪḄ890:;<=ᨵ?5*+ᦪḄ@A45ᘤ:ᨚ5ᘤTMP
FGᘤAC,FGᘤIᔣALUKL*+ᦪ0MNᦈALUḄPQ஺45ᘤ▣ᑡT▭VWXYZᜐᳮᘤᑁ^ḄRAM,`ᒹbcᵨ45ᘤ
eᵨ45ᘤ@^ᑖgcᵨ45ᘤAXஹBXஹCXஹDXᵨᩭ5klGḄᦪmஹnoPQᡈᙢᙬ0`rᙳt+u@A8&Ḅ45ᘤᩭwᵨ஺ᜐᳮᘤᑁ^ᨵxyzcᵨ45ᘤ{|0t}~⚣ᙢ5ᘤ0tᢣ
ᢣ᡻o0KᘤḄ0ᩭ஺eᵨ45ᘤᒹbᦪᘤPCஹᚮ᪘ᢣᘤSP
᪗45ᘤFR,`rḄ+ᵨ,¡Ḅ0ᵨᩭ5kᙢᙬᡈᙢᙬ¢£஺¡!ᑴ,ZᜐᳮᘤḄ᪶¥^¦0§¨©ᐰ«ᑴ0ᒹb¬5ᘤnᢣ0ᑖ᪆ᢣᓽᢣ°ṹ²¡ᢣ*+
*+ᦪᙢᙬ0*+ᦪஹ᡻ᢣ³¡Ḅ*+0〈PQᑮ5ᘤᡈI/O¹º)஺`»ᔣZḄᐸ`ᔜ^¦½¾W¿ḄᑴÀÁ0wCPUᑁஹ᜜ᔜ^¦oÃÄ+஺3ÅÆÇÈÆÇÈ,ÉᑖÊᙠᦪÌÍÏᑁḄÐÑᱥᳮ&ÓḄÔᜓÖᙠ×0ᙠÈØÙ¦ḄÚᢝÜtÝWÞcß
àáᐳãḄÈØäå஺cæÈḄçèéê⌕ëìíîᡈᐝî0᪀ᡂᨵÅÆÇÈ஺ñᨵÅÈØᙠòzóᔠ⌕ôᑮÊÅḄ▲ᑴgÊÅஹᦋÅÄ÷ᜧùÅ/ú᧕üýùÈnḄᔜ⁚ÿ
஺ᱯ⌕

15Ḅ⁚ὶᩭᦱᵨ!"#$%&ᜧ(ᵨஹὑ&+,-./0஺123⚪567ᙠ9:᡽ᜧḄὶ<◤>?ᡂABCḄD⚠FG▲ᑴAᵨᡝὶ<஺WLANOPQᨵ

16ᵫ%WLANᐹᨵ+,☢Ḅ./ᐸ12ᓝᑖ56஺ᙠᨬ9:;<,WLAN>?ᙠ@▾ஹᖪDஹEᔆGH᪥J〉ᔠMḄNᔠOᑮQRSḄTᵨ஺UᩗWXẆZ᪀CahnersIn-StatGroup⚜iᐰᳫlmnNoᙠ2000;r2004;tᢝv6wxyz{;|ᙳwx᳛25%lmnNḄᓱ-ஹᐭ/ᜓᐸᐵᜓḄ├Ooᙠ2000;ẚ10ᐗᜧᐵᙠ2004;ᑮ21.97ᐗ஺ᓱᓱ(NIC-NetworkInterfaceCard)£¤〉¥ᘤ(NIA-NetworkInterfaceAdapter),§¤ᓱ஺ᵨ%¨©ὶi«ZGᵯ®¯Ḅᱥᳮ²³i«Z®¯´µ¶·ᩩᱥᳮµ⍝µº»ᩩµ⍝¼½6ᦪU¿À஺ᙠlmÁ{·Âὶi«ZÃ◤⌕ÆÇ·ᙽᡈ+ᙽᓱµºÊ˲ᘤoi«ZᐭᵯÌÍ஺ᓱÎᡂᱥᳮÐGᦪUÑÒÐḄᜧÓᑖÔᒹÖᓱ×ᵯḄᱥᳮ²ஹÊËØÙÚᑴ(᝞ÝCSMA/CD)áᦪUâḄãÇஹâḄ1〈×ᦈஹ┯ç᪥èஹᦪU¶éḄê/ëṹ(᝞ÝíîïᱯðṹḄñᣚ)ஹᦪUḄóஹ½ñᣚÔ஺ModemMODEMõöXᑴëXᘤ஺öXᑴᘤGëXᘤḄᔠ¤஺÷øµùú¤³“û”°þöÿ
Ḅᜓᜓ஺ModemḄᦪᡂ⚣ᙠᵯ!
"#஺Modem$%ᑖᑁ()᜜(+,஺ᑁ(-.ᐭᑁ0ᓰᵨ3☢5678ᵨᵯᾯᑁ:Ḅᵯ;7<=$%>᜜(-?@஺᜜(-ABC

17᧕7F◤ᡭIJ7KF◤ᓰᵨᵯᾯLḄ᡽NO஺PᨵRSᢣUV7WXYZ[\Modem]ᙠ^_Ḅ`a஺■cᜋLfgh■cᜋ■cᜋhᢣ(ᙠ0ijk᝞mnḄopᑁ:)0mḄqᐳsᡈjAᐰvw6Ḅ$xᑡ:zḄ{ᔠ஺Pm}~ஹ▲ᑴஹᦋ■cᜋḄᦪ7mWᙢ᜜:jᑁ:Ḅஹ᪀)_7ᩭjḄAᐰ஺ᙠ
7■cᜋh$Sᑖᘤ7$S▲ᑴᘤ7Kh$Sᑖ᪆ᘤ,ᨵᦔᙢ}ᑁ:)Internetw6Ḅn¥¦§7¨ᑁ:jḄAᐰ஺2.8ᵨFirewallḄ°ᜐᾪ³Ḅ´µ¶0AᐰḄ´µ7Firewallm᩽ᜧᙢ¹ºjAᐰ)»¼½L¾Ḅ¿◅஺Á᝞7FirewallmἭÃNISஹNFS´µ7FirewalliZmÆÇ;Èᵫ)ICMPÌÍᔣÏᒹ஺ᑴxÑḄÒÓFirewallm¹ÔxÑḄÒÓᑴ஺᝞ᐕÖ×᜜:ÒÓØÙ¾7iZἭÃÒÓÚ᜜Ḅ¾஺Á᝞7FirewallᐕÖ᜜:ÒÓᱯÍḄMailServer)WebServer□àLḄAᐰáᳮ

18Firewallopᑁ:àLḄAᐰáᳮ7ᙠFirewallÍãḄAᐰäᑣm_æ᦮Sᑁ:jxÑ7èFéᙠᑁ:êëᘤ
ᑖìíAᐰîᶍ஺FirewallmÍã0iḄð¨ñò7è0◤⌕ᙠêëᘤ
ᑖìABᱯÍḄð¨ôz஺᜜:ᵨᡝKö◤⌕÷$øð¨ᓽmÒÓᑁ:஺úûḄüឋ8ᵨFirewallmþÃÿὅḄᨵᵨ᝞FigerDNS஺ᑭᵨᦪ!"#$%ᵨᦪFirewall)!*+FirewallḄ*,-.ᐵ0%ᵨḄᦪ12Firewall)!-.ᦪᩭᑨ5)6Ḅ78஺9ᶍ᡻

19⌱w⌱wḄxqᑁEFḄ+[z{|}Y~ᑴ⊤(AccessControlTable)*+ᦪIᦪᒹḄᙢᙬஹoḄᙢᙬஹᡠᵨḄஹ᝱dᡈḄᔠᩭ?qᔲᐕ£¤ᦪᒹ*+஺ᦪᒹ+[■Qᜋz{¥ᓫ§¨©ª᧕0@¬%ᵨឋ6®¯ឋ°*±@¬ᙠ²ᵫᘤW஺²ᵫᘤqᑁ´µInternet·¸¹º)»ḄEᜓ½ᙠ¾ᨵW¿ÀÁ᪵Ḅ■Qᜋeú◤⌕ÆÇÈ᜜ḄÊᵨ஺ᦪᒹ+[■QᜋḄËÌᨵÍÎÏq#$~ÏÐÑẚ■Qᜋᓽ)tKLWḄÔÕÖF×Øu<ÙÍqᦪᒹḄᙢᙬஹḄᙢᙬ!"IPḄÚᙠᦪᒹḄᜮ´Üᨵ)6|ÝÞᡈᎷᑈ஺]ᵨ^ᐵ]ᵨ^ᐵ(ApplicationLevelGateways)qᙠ]ᵨsWæç+[èéê6஺┐tᱯ?Ḅ]ᵨab%ᵨᢣ?Ḅᦪ+[z{1ᙠ+[ḄîGtᦪᒹu<¹⌕Ḅᑖ᪆ஹðñᡂóô஺õ▭Ḅ]ᵨᐵ*±@¬ᙠ÷ᵨøùú±oᦪᒹ+[]ᵨᐵ■QᜋᨵÏᐳîḄᱯÌýqþþx☠ᱯ
Ḅᑨ
ᔲᐕᦪᒹ஺ᑣ■ᜋᑁ᜜Ḅ!"#ὶ■ᜋ᜜%Ḅᵨᡝ(ᨵ*+"#,-■ᜋᑁ%Ḅ./0᪀2345᝱7ᨵᑭ9:;<=>?2@A஺BᳮDEBᳮDE(ProxyService)STUVW.ᐵᡈTCP⍝(CircuitLevelGatewaysorTCPTunnels),Sᨵghij9kᵨW.ᐵ

20l஺i┐nᦪᒹo2kᵨ.ᐵᢈqrᙠḄtuvwᐭḄ■ᜋᢈqᐸᱯuhᡠᨵ{|■ᜋḄ./}UVᑖ஺■ᜋᑁ᜜kᵨḄ“U#”ᵫBᳮDEᘤḄ“U#”ᩭ:᜜%Ḅ./UV+ᑮBᳮDEᘤvᑮ,◞■ᜋᑁ᜜Ḅᵨ஺᜜BᳮDESnḄᦪᒹ4ᑖ᪆ஹᡂ¡¢£¤¥¦§@A¨©¤ªᔣ./¬ᳮᕒ¦®¯¡°±ᶇ@A³¨஺4.¶·■ᜋḄ⌕¹./ºᶍ¼½Firewall¶ஹ¿À2ÁᵨḄ./ºᶍ*ᑖWÂWḄ./ºᶍ
Ãᐕ2ἭḄDEÅÆ᝞ÈÁᵨDEÉWḄ./ºᶍÊËFirewall᝞È▲ᑴ2oᙠÂWºᶍÎ
ÃḄDE஺DE>?ºᶍDE>?ºᶍÏÎᙠInternet>?DEÅÆ᜜%./>?Ñ᝞ÒᐭºᶍஹSLIP/PPPÔ#ÕÖ஺DE>?ºᶍ×Ø*4Ḅ2ᔠᳮḄ஺*4Ḅºᶍ×ØᙠÚÛÜḄ./Ý◅2ßàᵨᡝDEáâãä⊝஺ᐺçḄDE>?ºᶍèᐕéêëìḄᵨᡝᙠ×⌕ḄíîïIntemet>?ñòᑁ%ó2DEôᐕᑁ%ᵨᡝ>?ᢣ
ḄInternetó2DE஺■ᜋ¶ºᶍ■ᜋ¶ºᶍö9ᱯ
ḄFirewall,
Ã÷ᡂDE>?ºᶍḄøᑣ஺ùᨵúöûḄ¶ºᶍèᐕüÈDE◀<§þÿἭ
Ἥ
◀ᐕ஺Ḅᱯᐰᵨᵨᐰᵨ!"Ḅ#$%ᶍ஺'(ᦪ

21■,ᜋ.ᙠ0123ᢚ⊭஺67Ḅ89(ᙠInternet?@AḄᐭCDEFGᾪIḄJKᵨᡝ/NOPᑴ஺(RᩭᵨᡝTUVᵨWGXYZẚ\NO]ᯠ᝞`abὅdᯠᙠInternet?efJgḄNOᦻVJKḄNOPᑴijk#஺67Ḅ89Pᑴᒹmnoᓱ89OqAᳮᱯstᢣvwxyzG{EtRSAwᢈᩭJKNOḄI஺]ᯠᙠ(89ᢈᙳVᵨ67Ḅ89PᑴAWabὅᵨḄNOZ஺(Ḅ67PᑴVᵨᨵᦔḄNOZt᝞SmartCardZ89Oqw஺5.■,ᜋᙠᜧ"KḄ᪷KḄᐰ◤⌕£xᙠ᝞¤¥¦■,ᜋ§¨©ᑁḄVLAN12®ᑴ¯°ᔣ²Intranet³Internet12´µ²t¶·ᓫ¥³᜜´µ²Ḅºᵨᐵwᙠ¼©KᵫGᐰḄ◤⌕¾Ḅ¨©£x¿ᔜᑖÂP᪀Ḅ¨©ÄᡂᐰḄKtÆÇChinaPac,ChinaDDN,FrameRelay´µwᙠ¾Ḅ¨©ZᔜᑖÂP᪀´µ²ᵨ■,ᜋ◞ÒÓᑭᵨVPN᪀ᡂkÕÖ¾Ḅ¨©ZᑖÂP᪀Ḅ¨©ÆInternet´µ◤⌕ᔜ×Ø■,ᜋÓᑭᵨNetScreenḄVPNÙᡂkÕÖᙠÚÛᵨᡝÜÝÞß²àᐭkÕÖ;

22ISP£ᑭᵨNetScreenḄâãä⊝æoᙠÇᐳÞßᘤZéᡝê2àᐭ■,ᜋëâãᑖìஹ3®ᑴஹᵨᡝ89ஹî®ᑴஹïðñòæo0óµ²£ᑭᵨNetScreenôE■,ᜋõöᐵ#ᜓøùᙢᙬüᣚtNATw,ᙢᙬ᧜
MAP,◞
DMZ,ᐰᑴ,◀■ᜋḄ⚠⚪஺6.■ᜋᙠ%&Ḅ'ᵨ■ᜋ)ᨵᦔᙢ■-᜜ᩭḄᐭ123ᙠ%&Ḅ'ᵨ45ᑴ67Ḅ89:ᔣ<89ᒹ>?@Aᵨ<:BḄCD◚HᑁJIPᙢᙬMN᪀ḄP⁚>?@VPNT)஺UᱛUᱛ4WXYZᵯᢈ]^2ᵨᩭ`aᔜXᵯcde
f᝞hiᵯjஹFlm

23ᘤ4WX¡ឋ)Flm2'£Ḅ⁚¤2¥ஹᜐᳮ§80%Ḅᦪ«ஹ892¬®¯°£Ḅᮣ²஺³Wn´µḄ¶·5ᘤ¸¹4º»Ḅ¼ᣚm2¾¿mஹÀÁÂஹPDAஹsmÃÄÅᡈhiḄÇÈ2¸᝞ᦣÊᙠËÌஹᔜXÍÎÏᡠஹÎᐳÏᡠÃᜐḄᵯjm஺ᡃÒÓ᜜ÔCḄÕÖஹ×'&Ḅᵯj¼:ஹØ2ÙÚÛ¼ᣚm2Ü)ᑮÞß᪗ᵯj>᪵᝞2ÇÈ~ᜓ᝞ËÌஹâã&Ḅ¿m§2äåæ2Ó᜜ÔØஹçèÃ2®ÙÚÛᘤ2¬®éêë4ᘤᙠ“íî”<”⚞ñ”~ᜓ஺ᘤḄ᪀ᡂÓ¿móÂtô2ᨵᜐᳮᘤஹõöஹᑁஹ%÷ZÃ23Ò4┐ùᐹûḄüᵨᱯþᑴÅḄ2¬¾ᘤÓ¿mᙠᜐᳮ)ÿஹ
ឋஹ☠ឋஹᐰឋஹ᡽ឋஹᳮឋ☢ᙠᜧ஺ᐸḼᢈḄ!"#$Ḅ%ᵨ'ᩭ')*"+,-./Ḅᦪ1ᜐᳮ34ஹᐰឋḄ⌕67'ᩭ'8"᝞:;ᙠ<ᵯ>ᖪ@ḄABCDEFGHIṹஹKᜫᐵNᖪOᦪ1P᝞:;ᙠ,QRSTUV3WXḄR";YZὃ⇋ᙠ]^_ᜓ./Ḅabᢣᢵὅ--------g@ᘤ"iVjឌl%mᕒḄopqᐸrFsᩩuḄ▲ᑴ஺xᣚTz{xᣚT|xᣚswitchingᢥ᯿Ḅ◤⌕"ᵨmlᡈ_ᜓ,QᡂḄ"⌕Ḅ〈ᑮᔠ⌕6ḄYᵫUḄᢈ/஺ḄxᣚTswitchᙠ./Cᡂxᣚ3Ḅ_ᜓ஺xᣚqxᣚTᨬ¡¢£¤ᵯ¥¦./(PSTN),ᡃ¯°ᙠ±3ᙠὁᵯ³C´ᑮ]᪵Ḅ¶☢:✌¹(º»ᵨᡝ)½¢¥¾ᩭ▣À᤯"Â᣸ÄÅÆᜮḄTᘤ"ᡚḼὡÊḄ¥@ËÌÍᑮÎÍ⌕6b"ÆᜮÄᙠYḄÏÐ"ÑÒᵨᡝÓÔ¢ÎÍ"Õᑮ¥Ö×஺]ÒABAmlØÓÔ¢ᩭḄxᣚ஺Ùᯠ°ᙠᡃ¯¡ÛÜÝÞ

24BàxᣚT"xᣚḄABá,Qᡂ஺ᙠâãT#$./C"xᣚᭆåḄæÏ+¤ᐳèl%éØḄᦋ஺ᡃ¯ëìíîAḄHUBòÆᘤᐳè_ᜓ"HUBóôV3õö÷Ḅᙢᙬ"ÙúÂû#ᑁḄAºTþBºTᦪ1ÿᦪᒹᙠHUB᪀ḄḄᵫᦪᒹᜮḄᙢᙬ$%ᩭ'(ᔲ*ᦈ஺-./ᙠ0123456789:ᦪ;Ḅ<᝞>?@ABCDEF஺01.ᐳHIJ஺KᣚMNᨵᩩQRIJḄSTUVWᑁTKᣚY▣஺KᣚMḄᡠᨵḄ\]ᢞ*ᙠ0ᩩSTUV_ᑴᵯbᦈᑮᦪᒹdᜐᳮ\ghiᑁjkḄᙢᙬl᯿⊤'(oḄMACsᓱḄuvᙢᙬwḄNICsᓱwᢞ*ᙠz{\ᑁTKᣚY▣|}~ᦪᒹ〈ᑮoḄ\oḄMACjᙠᑮᡠᨵḄ\*ᦈ\dKᣚMg”“ḄᙢᙬᐭᑁTᙢᙬ⊤k஺ᵨKᣚM-“ᑖ“l᯿ᙢᙬ⊤KᣚM8ᐕ⌕ḄKᣚM஺KᣚMḄW?ᨵᦔḄ◞¡¢£¤ᒹW┯ᒹḄ¦§¨©ᐳHª«஺KᣚMᙠ567¬®{\l¯°Ḅᦪ஺\]±²³Ḅ´*ᙠᐸḄ¶ᜓ²¸HᨵᐰTḄIJº»5ᐸ¼¶ᜓ½¾ᵨ஺¿⁚ÁAᔣ⁚ÁD?〈ᦪ6⁚ÁB56ᔣ⁚ÁC?〈ᦪÄÅ0Æ{]HᨵḄᐰTIJ]ᨵḼ¸ÈḄÉÊ´*஺Ꮇ0ÌᵨḄ10MbpsḄÒKᣚMÓÔÕKᣚM06ḄU.Ö×2Ù10Mbps=20Mbps,Äᵨ10MbpsḄᐳHHUB6ஹ{HUBḄU-gݦ10Mbps஺U¯KᣚM1Þ×MACᙢᙬßà9áᡂãä?ᦪᒹå9Ḅ¶ᜓ஺KᣚM“”MACᙢᙬᐸjæᙠᑁT

25ᙢᙬ⊤kᙠᦪ;Ḅè?ὅWo᪗*ᦈὅ¯°ë³ì6ḄKᣚbíᦪ;î*ᵫïᙢᙬᑮðoḄᙢᙬ஺KᣚMḄᵨ3ñòḄó⌕´*¶ᜓÒKᣚMᡂᵨôõᨬ÷Ḅ¶ᜓ¯஺øḼKᣚᢈúḄû?üÒKᣚMḄýþញᒓ
ᣚᑮ☢ᜧᡠ஺᝞ḄᨵᜧḄᵨᡝஹḄ!ᵨ"#$ᔜ&ᔜ᪵Ḅ()ᘤ+,-./0᪀23456᦮89᦮:Ḅឋ<=<>?@A஺BCDEFGᙠIJG:10/100MbpsḄᣚRSTU=ᜐᳮ10MbpsḄ@XᦪZ[+,-=\ᢝ100MbpsḄ^_`a஺᝞Ḅᑭᵨ᳛def40%,k,lm᳛ᜧn10%,ᣚR=oBCGpq⚪஺sᨵ100Mbps^_$10MbpstuḄᣚR=ᐰwxD&yz={|}~ᵨḄ20Mbpsᑮ200Mbps`a஺TUT᛻
ᣚRḄᵨᔜTᙠG᛻
IJḄᣚR$JᨵᣚRḄᣚtu/ḄT஺ᐙᑖfB$Ḅ[&<ᔲᢵᣚRᵨḄG:?@⌕Ḅ஺ᵨᣚRḄḄ=<Ḅ$eḄᦪZ[ᡠ᝞Ḅ¡ᣚRᵫn£¤¥¦§¦T¨©ª◤⌕¬aᦈᑮḄᡠᨵᦪZᒹḄ¯ᣚR°Eᢵᐸ²ᓄឋ<Ḅᵨ´+AfᦪZḄµ¶_·Jf¸¹஺◀£¤¥¦F᜜᝞ᙠ8¼½¾¿ÀÁ¿AḄÃIJᣚRḄ¯᪵=<}ᑮ½☢஺ÄᦪZᒹḄᜐᳮÅÆஹᣚRḄÇÈÉᜧÀÊ◤⌕ËᡂᦪZᒹÍḄ

26ᙠÎÏÐÑ
ᵨÒᓫḄHUB⌕×ᣚRØᳮÙ஺ÚᡃÜT?@AḄBC஺AḄDC@EFᦪᒹᑁGHIᨵKLMN%ᣚOP6Qᩭ,ᡠLUVᡠW〈Ḅᦪᒹ@ᔲᨵZ3/[\┯Z^/_஺ᵫ2Iᨵ`63/aᐹᨵ3cd᳛Ḅᐭ/!+(()ghG᧕jᒹ஺2.67n(Store&Forward)67n{|@}~ON⚞ᵨᨬFḄ{|஺A*ᐭ!Ḅᦪᒹᐜ67ᩭᯠCRC(ᑍṹ᪥)ᙠ┯ZᒹᜐᳮᦪᒹḄḄᙢᙬ)⊤ᣚᡂ!〈ᒹ஺E᝞67n{|ᙠᦪᜐᳮ8ᜧ?@AḄ3@ALᐭ%ᣚOḄᦪᒹ┯Z^ᨵᦔᙢᦋᗐNឋ/஺¤ᐸ¦⌕Ḅ@AL§ᢝ3cd©Ḅ!ªḄᣚPᢝ«d!$¬d!ªḄc®¯஺3.±ᱏ◞´(FragmentFree)?@¸2¹ºὅ¼ªḄ
½¾¿{ᫀ஺AᦪᒹḄÁ©@ᔲ

27Â64Å⁚᝞Ç<264Å⁚ÈÉ@ᎷᒹᑣjÌᒹ;᝞Çᜧ264Å⁚ᑣn〈ᒹ஺?½{|Î3[\ᦪ᪥஺AḄᦪᜐᳮd©Ï67n{|>Ï+)|᠒஺%ᣚOᑖÒÓÔÕᩭÖ%ᣚOᑖFº½:N%ᣚOØÙN%ᣚO஺N%ᣚOÚ⌕ᵨ2ᵯÜ⚞[\)ÜᵨḄÝẠßà஺gÙN%ᣚOᑣᵨ2ÙNᵨ2á(âãᜓ᝞PCOæNᡭᓺOé஺ÓW¸êØWd©ÕᑖFLMN%ᣚOஹ>dLMN%ᣚOஹᓟᐚLMN%ᣚOஹFDDI%ᣚOஹATM%ᣚOØòó%ᣚOé஺ÓôõᵨÕöᑖF÷øù%ᣚOஹúù%ᣚOØ®¯û%ᣚOé஺ᔜᔆᖪᑜᑖḄᐰḄᩭᣚᣚᦪ!"#$%&'()*+ᣚ,$%&'-.,/ᓫ"஺23☢56ᵨḄ89ᩭ:*,;<ᣚ=>ᢝ500BCDEFᜧH6ᵨḄᣚ,ᣚ>ᢝ300BCDEJKHḄᣚ,ᣚ(>ᢝ100BCDEᑁḄᣚ,)*+ᣚ஺ᣚ-.ᣚḄN⌕-.ᒹQᱥᳮTᙬஹWXYᡫ[᪀ஹ┯^᪥`ஹabᑡdef஺ghᣚiᐹᜓlmnḄ-.᝞pVLANuvwxW"Ḅ>ᢝஹpyz{|Ḅ>ᢝ}~ᨵḄiᐹᨵ■ᜋḄ-.஺ᣚ◀l.HḄWX᜜iᙠHḄWX᝞WW"ᑮ*ᵨ஺᝞ᣚ.>ᢝWᡈFDDIḄ¡ᵨ¢WXKḄᐸ¤ᣚᡈὅ,¦§ᓰᵨ©ᜧḄᐵ«¬ᘤ▬°¦§஺

28ᩭ²ᣚḄ³B¡ᵨᩭB´µḄW¶·ᨵ=,l¸Ḅᐭᡃ»¼m½⌕ḄWX¾¿ÀᑮᣚḄ¡F஺Á᪵WXḄᐵ«¬ᘤ½⌕ᵨᡝÄÅᨵ¸Ḅᐭ>ᢝ¸ᜧḄCDe©஺zᵫᘤzᵫᘤÇÈÉÇȼWXÊᩭÉzᵫᘤ஺zᵫᘤὶWXḄÌÍஹ“ÏÐÑ“஺ghzᵫᘤÒÓÔÕ6ᵨ¢ᔜ×ᔜᔜ᫏ÙḄÚÛÒÓᡂ,ÝÞᔜ;?/@
ᵫᢈBḄCDE6Fᑮ809H
ᵫᢈBI⌲KLᐭᖪOᓄḄQᵨ஺
ᵫᢈB:ᡠ+ᙠRS:TUᨵWXY$ᵨZ⌕6[\809H:]Ḅ^᪀`abcᓫ

29ᵫᢈBUᨵᵨf:ᙢ஺Fᑮᨬiᓝk9ᜧmnḄoὶI⌲Kqrsᩭ\
ᵫᢈBḄuvwxyḄzẠ|}஺
ᵫᘤ6oὶḄZ⌕⁚ᜓ஺
ᵫᘤ
ᵫᦪḄ஺ᶍ\
ᵫ⌱(routing),6
ᵫᘤḄᵫᩭ(router,ὅ)஺\&':;oḄ
ᵫᘤ᪀ᡂz¢TCP/IPḄ¨▭oInternetḄZªᾭ¬+
ᵫᘤ᪀ᡂInternetḄ®¯஺°Ḅᜐᳮ³´6ḄZ⌕µ⚠:°Ḅ¬☠ឋᑣFº»ḼoḄ½¾஺[¿ᙠÀஹᙢஹÂÃ᦮ÅInternetẆÇ⚞É!
ᵫᘤᢈBÊËᜐ¢᪶ÍᙢÎᐸuᔊ4ᔣᡂ\᦮ÅInternetẆÇḄÅÒº஺ᙠÓ]ᡃ¨zẠÕÕ4ᐶ×Ø:▭ÙC
ᵫᘤᙠo!ḄᵨஹᙢÎÚᐸu4ᔣ@¢¨ᑁḄᢈBẆÇஹÕ+ÚÜÝÞßà@¢
ᵫᘤoḄᔜáâ6aḄᭆä`ᐹᨵæ⌕Ḅçè஺