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2022-2023学年度高三下学期一模英语试题第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文。从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWelcometoNorwayDAY1:WelcometoBergen!Uponarrivalmeetyourdriverandtraveltothecity’scenterwhereyoucandropyourluggageattheGrandTerminusHotelandenjoyawalkingtourofthecity.Oncebackatthehotelyou’llhaveatalkfromRowanHooper,whowillexplorewhytheArcticisimportanttothewell-beingoftheplanet.DAY2:Thismorningyou’llgoona3-hourroundtripfromBergentoMostraumen.WhenyoureturntoBergenyou’llhavetimeforlunchbeforevisitingtheVilviteScienceCenter.Afterdinneryou’llhaveasecondtalkfromRowanonhowwecouldgrowthewhalepopulationtorebuildmarineecosystems.DAY3:Today,youwilltransfertotheairportforyourflighttoTromso.Uponarrival,you’lltakeafastferry(轮渡)toSenjaIsland,wheretheAuroraBorealisObservatoryisyourhoneforthenight.Intheevening,astronomerAbigailBeallwillholdatalkonthesciencebehindtheNorthernLightsbeforeyouhavetheopportunitytosearchfortheNorthernLightsyourself.DAY4:ReturnbyferrytoTromso,whereyou’llexploretheNorthernNorwegianScienceCenter.Thecenterisapopularscienceexperiencecentercontainingalmost100interactiveinstallations,dividedintofourthemesonthreefloors.DAY5:Todayyou’llstartafull-dayfjordtripbyboat.Asyoupassthroughthefrozencoastline,you’llgetanopportunitytolookforseaeagles,sealsandwhales.Recently,hundredsofhumpbackandkillerwhalesvisitthenorthernfjords,andyourboat’sexpertcrewwillhelpyouspotthem.DAY6:Thismorningyou’llenjoyaguidedtourofthedogyardwhereyoucanlearnabouttheAlaskanhuskydog,anddogsledracing.Afterward,you’llbetransferredtotheairportintheafternoonforyourflighthome.1.WhatisRowanHooper’sjob?A.Anastronomer.B.Aguide.C.Anecologist.D.Adriver.2.WherewillyouseetheNorthernLights?A.Bergen.B.Mostraumen.C.Tromso.D.SenjaIsland.3.Onwhichdaywillyouprobablyseesomewhales?
1A.Day3.B.Day4.C.Day5.D.Day6.BMyqueststartedwhenIwasontheNewYorksubway.Somechildrenwerewhining.Fourtrainscamescreamingintothestationatonce.Iputmyhandsovermyearsandcowered(蜷缩)—thenoisewasdeafening.Incities,theever-presentdullbackgroundroarofplanes,cars,machineryandvoicesisafactoflife.Thereisnoescapefromitanditwasbeginningtodrivememad.Inanattempttorecapturesomepeace,IdecidedtogoonamissiontofindthequietestplaceonEarthtodiscoverwhetherabsolutesilenceexists.TheoneplaceIwasmostexcitedaboutvisitingwasananechoicchamber(消声室)inMinnesota.Ironically,farfrombeingpeaceful,mostpeoplefinditsperfectquietupsetting.AndyetIbookeda45-minutesession—noonehadmanagedtostayinforthatlongbefore.Whentheheavydoorshutbehindme,Iwasplungedintodarkness—alllightswereturnedoffbecausetheycouldalsomakeanoise.Forthefirstfewseconds,beinginsuchaquietplacefeltlikeheaven,aremedyformyunsettlednerves.Then,afteraminuteortwo,Ibecameawareofthesoundofmybreathing.Astheminutestickedby,thebeatofmyheartbecameapparent.ThenIheardastrange,metallicscrapingnoise.WasIhallucinating?Thefeelingofpeacewasspoiledbyasensationofdisappointment—thisplacewasn’tquietatall.ThenIstoppedobsessingaboutwhatbodilyfunctionsIcouldhearandbegantoenjoyit.Ididn’tfeelafraidandcameoutonlybecausemytimewasup.EveryonewasimpressedthatI’dbeatentherecord,buthavingspentsolongsearchingforquiet,Iwascomfortablewiththefeelingofabsolutestillness.Afterward,Ifeltwonderfullyrestedandcalm.Mydesireforsilencechangedmylife.Ifoundmakingspaceformomentsofquietinmydayisthekeytohappiness.Ifyoucanoccasionallybecomemasterofyourownsoundenvironment—fromturningoffthephonetotakingatriptothecountryside,you’llbecomealotmoreacceptingofthenoisesofeverydaylife.4.Whatpushedtheauthortoseekachange?A.Theannoyingkids.B.Loudchatsinstations.C.Theroarofsubway.D.Endlessnoisesindailylife.5.WhydidtheauthorpicktheanechoicchamberinMinnesota?A.Itmightgiveperfectsilence.B.Itlaunchedatimechallenge.C.Itofferedprofessionalguidance.D.Itwastheonlyoneofitskind.6.Whathappenedwhentheauthorwasintheanechoicchamber?A.Hestartedtalkingtohimself.B.Heheardsoundsfromtheoutside.
2C.Hemadesomementaladjustments.D.Hefeltscaredinthefirstfewminutes.7.Whatmessagedoesthetextconvey?A.Noisesstopusfrommakingprogress.B.Momentsofinnerquietbetterourlives.C.Weshouldbravelyovercomeourfears.D.Astateofpeaceandcalmishardtoattain.CMosquitofishmaylooksmall,buttheseinvasivefishareathreat.Outsideoftheirrange,theydefeatotherfreshwatercreatures,likefishesandtadpoles,andfeastontheireggs.Sincetheyhavefewnaturalpredators(捕食者),theirpopulationgoesuncheckedastheycausedamagetonativewildlife.Fortunately,scientistshavenowinventedanewtoolmeanttointimidatemosquitofish:aroboticfish.“Insteadofkillingthemonebyone,we’representinganapproachthatcaninformbetterstrategiestocontrolthem,”saidGiovanniPolverino,abiologistattheUniversityofWesternAustralia.“Wemadetheirworstnightmarebecomereal:arobotthatscaresthemosquitofishbutnottheotheranimalsaroundit.”Therobot,whichresemblesalargemouthbass,oneofthemosquitofish’snaturalpredators,wasequippedwithacameratorecognizemosquitofishandtadpoles.Theresearcherssetup12tankswithsixmosquitofishandsixtadpolesineachoneandallowedthecreaturestoadaptforaweekbeforemeetingtherobot.Foronehourtwiceaweekforfiveweeks,eachgroupwasplacedinatankwiththerobot.Intheroboticfish’spresence,themosquitofishspentmoretimegettingtogether,andtheirswimmingbecamemoreunstable.Withthemosquitofishanxiousandscared,thetadpolesventuredoutmore.Theseeffectsevenlastedforweeksafterthefinalmeetwiththerobot.Whenthecreaturesreturnedtotheirtanks,themosquitofishswamatalowerspeedanddidn’teatasmuch,whicharesignsofanxiety.Nochange,ontheotherhand,canbedetectedontadpoles.What’smore,themosquitofishspentsomuchenergylivinginterrorthattheylostweight.Males’bodyshapesalsochangedtobecomemorestreamlined,likelysotheycanescapemorequicklywhenthey’rescared.Thoughthestudyshowedpromisingresults,theserobotscan’tbereleasedintothewateryet.Theteamstillneedstounderstandthelong-termimpactsonotherwildlifeanddownstreameffectsontheecosystemasawhole.ButPolverinosaystheyachievedtheirmaingoal:toprovefearcanaffectthesurvivalofmosquitofish.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intimidate”meaninparagraph2?A.Poison.B.Attract.C.Frighten.D.Recognize.9.Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheexperiment?A.Bycomparingbehaviorsoftwospecies.B.Byinterviewingtheinventoroftherobot.
3C.Bycollectingdatafrompreviousstudies.D.Byobservingthelifecycleofmosquitofish.10.Whatwasthechangeofthemosquitofish?A.Theybecamestronger.B.Theywerelessactive.C.Theystartedattackingeasily.D.Theyshowedlittlechange.11.WhatisPolverino’sattitudetowardstheroboticfish?A.Approving.B.Disappointed.C.Objective.D.Skeptical.DLikemanywriters,I’masupremeexpertatprocrastination(拖延症).WhenIoughttobeworkingonanassignment,withtheclocktickingtowardsmydeadline,I’llsittherewatchingpointlessinterviewsorcatvideosonYouTube.Accordingtotraditionalthinking—Ialongwithmyfellowprocrastinators,haveatimemanagementproblem.Bythisview,Ihaven’tfullyappreciatedhowlongmyassignmentisgoingtotakeandI’mnotpayingenoughattentiontohowmuchtimeI’mcurrentlywastingonvideos.Withbetterscheduling,Iwillstopprocrastinatingandgetonwithmywork.Increasingly,however,psychologistsarerealizingthisiswrong.ExpertsintheUKhaveproposedthatprocrastinationisanissuewithmanagingouremotions,notourtime.Thetaskwe’reputtingoffismakingusfeelbad—perhapsit’sboring,toodifficultorwe’reworriedaboutfailing—andtomakeourselvesfeelbetterinthemoment,westartdoingsomethingelse,likewatchingvideos.OneinvestigationtoinspiretheemotionalviewofprocrastinationwaspublishedbyresearchersatCaseWesternReserveUniversity.Theyfirstpromptedpeopletofeelbad(byaskingthemtoreadsadstories)andshowedthatthisincreasedtheirtendencytoprocrastinatebydoingpuzzlesorplayingvideogamesinsteadofpreparingforthetesttheyknewwascoming.Subsequentstudiesbytheanotherteamalsoshowedlowmoodonlyincreasesprocrastinationifenjoyableactivitiesareavailableasadistraction.Thisfreshperspectiveonprocrastinationisbeginningtoopenupexcitingnewapproachestoreducingthehabit.Anapproach,whichisbasedonAcceptanceandCommitmentTherapy,seemsespeciallysuitable.Itarguesthatprioritizingchoicesandactionsthathelpyougetclosertogetthingsdonecankeepyouawayfromtheunpleasantfeelings.Sothenexttimeyou’regoingtoprocrastinate,makeyourfocusassimpleas“What’sthenextaction?”.Focusingonthisone-stepquestiontakesyourmindoffyourfeelingsandontoeasilyachievableaction.“Ourresearchandlivedexperienceshowveryclearlythatoncewegetstarted,we’retypicallyabletokeepgoing.
4Gettingstartediseverything.”12.Whichistrueaccordingtothetraditionalviewofprocrastinators?A.Theyareusuallyirresponsiblepeople.B.Theyhavedifficultyinconcentrating.C.Theyenjoywatchingvideoswhilewriting.D.Theycangetworkdonewithbetterschedules.13.Whatcanweknowfromparagraph4?A.Procrastinationboostsyourmoods.B.Procrastinatorspreferpuzzlestosadstories.C.Test-takerscannotescapebademotions.DNegativeemotionspromoteprocrastination.14.Whyfocusingononesimplequestionissuggested?A.Itshortenstheprocess.B.Itinspiresthewildestimagination.C.Itmayrelieveunpleasantfeelings.D.Itcanfixtimemanagementproblem.15.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleofthetext?A.PrioritizeYourTo-doListB.NewStudiesonWorkPerformanceC.QuitWatchingCatVideosD.TremendousDamageofProcrastination第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whenaheavystormhit,residentsofthefloatingcommunityofSchoonschipinAmsterdamhadlittledoubtaboutwhethertheycouldrideitout.Theytieduptheirownstuff,andcheckedinwithneighborstoensureeveryonehadenoughfoodandwater.___16___,risingalongwiththewaterandgoingbacktoitsoriginalpositionaftertherainstopped.Afloatinghousecanbeconstructedonanyshorelineandisabletodealwithrisingseasbyremainingonthetopofthewater’ssurface.___17___,floatinghomesarefixedtotheshoreandareusuallyconnectedtothelocalsewer(污水管道)systemandpowergrid.Theyarestructurallysimilartohousesbuiltonland.___18___SitiBoelen,theSchoonschipresident,saysthatwhenshefirstmovedin,stormyweathermadeherthinktwice.“Youfeelitinyourstomach,”shesays,addingthatshehasgottenusedtothefeeling.Floatinghomesalsorequireextrainfrastructureandworktoconnecttotheelectricitygridandsewersystem.___19___.“Iftherearefloods,it’sexpectedthatmanypeoplewillmovetohigherground.Butthealternativeistostayclosetocoastalcitiesandexploreexpansionontothewater,”saysRutgerdeGraaf.“___20___.That’s
5unavoidablemerelyhalfacenturyaway.Weneedtostartnowtoincreasethescaleoffloatingdevelopments.”A.TheythenboardedtheirfloatinghousesB.ButthebenefitsmayoutweighthecostsC.SincefloatinghousesareontheincreaseD.WefeelsaferinastormbecausewearefloatingE.UnlikehouseboatwhichcaneasilybemovedandrelocatedF.HundredsofmillionsofpeoplewillbedisplacedbysealevelriseG.Severewindandrain,oreventhepassingships,canrockthebuildings第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)Childrenarenaturallycuriousbeings,butgettingthemtostudysomethingtheyaren’tinterestedincanbeadifficulttask.Teachersoftenfindthemselvestryingtorewardinthe___21___ofstarsorthreatofpunishment.Butwhatifrewardsandthreatsaren’tthe___22___?Naturalcuriosityissometimesreferredtoas“internalmotivation”.Studieshavefoundthatchildrenwhoseelearningas___23___andimportantarebetteratit.Andit’seasytounderstandwhy—it’sdifficulttostudysomethingwearen’t___24___.Externalmotivation,thingslikerewardsandpunishment,doeshaveits___25___too.Motivesforachievinggoodgradesorfearofbeingpunishedhavebeen___26___tobenefitolderstudents.However,itseemsthatatanearlyage,itdoesn’thaveasmucheffect.Soforthisgroup,howcanwestimulatethat___27___?Accordingtosomeexperts,thekeyisto___28___somedegreeoffreedom.Letthechildseetheirlearningastheir___29___will.Ifyouwanttoteachachildtoread,letthemchoosewhichbooktheyuse.Whetherit’sacomicbookorclassicliterature—theaimofstimulatingtheirdesireforreadingisstill____30____.Likewise,____31____arelationshipwiththemaslearners—listentotheirnegativefeelings.Explainwhyanactivityisvaluable,evenifitisn’t____32____fun.Soitseemsthatthemost____33____wayofmotivatingchildren,especiallytheyoungones,might____34____stimulatingthatinternalmotivation.Maybeit’stimetoreleasethemfromthereignsofthreatsandrewards,andgivethemabitmore____35____ofhowtheylearn.21.A.formB.nameC.orderD.right22.A.examplesB.answersC.experimentsD.thoughts23.A.frustratingB.ordinaryC.overwhelmingD.fun24.A.ashamedofB.annoyedwithC.gratefulforD.passionateabout
625.A.causesB.outputsC.usesD.principles26.A.acknowledgedB.restrictedC.challengedD.treated27.A.discussionB.creativityC.interestD.demand28.A.allowB.passC.senseD.monitor29.A.socialB.strongC.frankD.free30.A.affectedB.explainedC.analyzedD.met31.A.testB.buildC.admitD.refresh32.A.visuallyB.slightlyC.exactlyD.originally33.A.effectiveB.humbleC.privateD.traditional34.A.endupB.comefromC.committoD.setoff35A.levelB.choiceC.judgeD.doubt第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ThepianousedtobearareforeignimportinChina,nowfourinfivearemadehere.Muchofthiscan___36___(trace)backtothetinyChineseislandnamedGulangyu.AfterthefirstOpiumWarin1842,foreignpowersforcedtheemperortopermittheirresidents___37___(live)inseveral“treatyports”(通商口岸).OneofthosewasXiamen.Gulangyu,whichliesjust___38___5-minuteferryrideoffshore,wasaninternationalsettlement.Expatriates(侨民)helpedmakethepianoaneverydayamusement.Therewassoon___39___(hard)afamilyontheislandthatdidnothostorgotohearaneveningrecital(独奏会).ItwasthelargestnumberofpianosperpersoninChina___40___ledtoastreamofoutstandingmusicians.Theisland’smostcelebratedmusicianisYinChengzong.In1969hearrangedanearlierrevolutionarycantata(大合唱)intothe“YellowRiverPianoConcerto”.ItremainsChina’sfirst-class___41___(compose).WhereonceWesternclassicalmusic___42___(flow)intoChina,pianistsarepouringout.Ofthe50mchildren___43___(learn)theinstrumentsworldwide,asmanyas40mmaybeChinese.Thegovernmentinvestsgenerouslyonorchestras,___44___nownumberover80,andnewconcerthalls.Fastidiousparentsandcoolyoungthingscrowd____45____(they)tohearthelatestwunderkind,LangLang,LiYunDiandYujaWang,tonamejustafew.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假如你是李华。你的留学生朋友Kitty给你来信，很想了解上周你们班组织的“讲述时代英雄故事”的主题班会。请你给她回信，内容包括：
71.班会简介(主题、目的、内容等)；2.班会效果。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearKitty,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Whenthingswentwrong,IttlebyFeinalwayshadsomethingnicetosay.WhenDadforgotaboutthepizzaanditburned,Ittlebycomfortedhimbysayingitwouldstilltastegood.Andhewasright.Thepizzaedgesweredarkandcrispy,butthemiddlewasn’thalfbad.WhenIttleby’sfriendDavidgotalowscoreonthespellingtest,Ittlebysaidthathewoulddobetternexttime.And,sureenough,Davidstudiedhardandgot100percentthenextweek.Whenhisteacher,MrD,bumpedintoabookstandinthelibrary,IttlebytoldhimnottoworryasMrsBogwouldn’tbeupset.Hewasright.Thelibrarianjustlaughedandhelpedpickupthebooks.Ittlebylookedonthebrightside.Andeveryonelikedthatabouthim.Everyone,thatis,exceptHazel.Hazelwasthenewkidintheclass.Onherfirstday,Ittlebysaid,“Nicetomeetyou,Hazel.Ithinkyou’lllikeithere.”Hazelstaredathim.“Idoubtit.”Ittlebydidn’tknowwhattodo.He’dnevermetanyonelikeHazel.WhenMrDsaidthey’dhaverecess(休息)insidebecauseoftherain,Ittlebysaid,“Everycloudhasasilverlining.”“Asilverlining?”Hazelshookherhead.“Cloudsarewhite.Maybegray.Wheredoyougetthisstuff?”Ittlebyfeltasifthewindhadbeenknockedoutofhim.Outsidethewindow,thecloudshadrolledoverthesun.Theroomfeltdarker.“Badthingscomeinthrees,”saidHazel.“Nooutdoorrecessisnumberone.Whatwillthesecondthingbe?”Theclassdidn’thavetowaitlongtofindout.
8Gretawascarryingatray(托盘)ofpaintsduringartclass.Shetripped(绊倒),andthepaintwentflying.Therewasblueonthefloorandredandblackonthewalls.Hazeldeclaredittobethesecondbadthing.Ittlebydidn’tknowwhattosay.HazelseemedsosureabouttheRuleofThreeBadThings.EmmacametolookatIttleby’spainting“It’sbeautiful.Iespeciallylikethegrassland.”shesaid.注意：1.续写词数应为150词左右；2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。Shepickeditup,notrealizingshehadpaintonherfingers.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________“Wanttoaddone?”IttlebyaskedHazel,holdingthepaintinginhishands.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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