2015届高考化学总复习(江西版)

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7A//=-5518kJmolD.2CH8(g)+25O(g)=16CO()+18HO(l)8122g2AH=-5518kJ-mor1ÆÇÈImolWᱥ)⊤#C-CO®H,.%0(1)ஹS.soÉ#ᓄ)*+,ᡂ1molH/>(l))⊤[b#fḄi⏚bil\;´᪆A⚗ᡠᑡ#ᓄ)*+,[ᨵÍÎ┯Ðs.[b#.ᢣ\;ᡂ1molH2OপḄ\;#.ÒᨵBaSCUÓÔᡂ\;Ḅ#ᦔ;Öᨵᡠ×ᓄᡂ1molH2OপØḄ#$ÙÚ.57.3kJ,A⚗┯Ð]B⚗ÄÅ]C⚗#.ᢣ1molWᱥᐰᡂÛ4ḄÜᓄᱥᡠØḄ#$ÝØᱥ[Ḅx;

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B.HC1NaOHḄ஻-57.3kJ-moL,ᑣHSOCa(OH)242%&Ḅ஻=-2X57.3kJ-moLC.)*+ᢣᙠ101kPa01)ᱥ3ᐰ)*0ᡠ67Ḅ83D.S(s)+]02(g)=SCh(g)”=-315kJ-moL()*)@᪆+ᢣᙠ%&BC⏚ECFGᡂ1molJ00ḄBE⏚ஹFḄᐗᦪNᐵBB┯QR+1mol1)ᱥ3ᐰ)*GᡂSTḄUᓄᱥ0ᡠ67Ḅ8BC┯;D⚗YᱥZSO2[\BD┯஺^ᫀA2.aᑡᐵcᓄdḄefghḄ+()஺A.ijH+(aq)+OFT(aq)-n0পA//=-57.3kJmol-1,ᑣH2sO4Ba(OH)2%&Gᡂ2molHOḄ”=2X(-57.3)kJ-moL2B.)ᧇᵯstᵬ⏣w[xᓄZy[Ḅᓄdz{|+CH30H(g)+|o(g)=CO(g)+2H(g)"=-192.9kJ-moF1,ᑣCH30H(g)Ḅ)*Z222192.9kJ,mol1C.H2®Ḅ)*+285.8kJmoF1,ᑣ2H20(g)-2H2(g)+C)2(g)஻=+571.6kJ-moF1D.ℍ⃔Ḅ)*+2800kJ-moL,ᑣ;C6Hl2O6(s)+3C)2(g)=3CO2(g)+3HO(1)AW=-1400kJmor12@᪆H2s஺4Ba(0H)2%&0GᡂBaS04BᦑᒹBaSCUḄGᡂBA┯Qᵬ⏣w[Ḅ)*+1molCHQH(g)3ᐰ)*Gᡂ&᝱Uᓄᡠ67Ḅ8BRz{|GᡂḄ+H,2+&᝱BB┯Q”=+571.6kJ-mol”Bᑣᓄdz{|ḄRZ&᝱BC┯Qℍ⃔Ḅ)*+2800kJmor1,ᦑk6Hi2O6(s)+3C>2(g)==3CO2(g)

9+3HO(1)-1400kJ-moL,Dgh஺2^ᫀD3.(2010•ᐰnᳮB7ᦋ)a☢ᙳ+g¡¢EU[Ḅᓄdz{|(25࠷,101kPa)¤জC4H10(g)+!O2(g)==4CO2(g)+5H2O(l)஻=-2878kJmoLঝC4Hio(g)+!O2(g)=4CO2(g)+5H2O(g)”=-2658kJmoL9ঞC4Hio(g)+502(g)=4CO(g)+5H2஺পA//=-l746kJ-mol-1(4)CH(g)+|o(g)=4CO(g)+5HO(g)41022A//=-l526kJ-mol-'ᵫ©ᑨ«Bg¡¢Ḅ)*+()oA.2878kJ•moP1B.2658kJ-mol-1C.1746kJ-mol-1D.1526kJ-mol-1@᪆¬⚪ὃ¯)*T°B±ᙠὃ¯ὃG²³¬ᭆµḄᳮ@E¶ᵨ஺᪷¹)*ḄT°1jᓄdz{|জ⊤»Ḅ+g¡¢Ḅ)*஺^ᫀA$%&'(ஹஹ)*¼½)*ᙠ101kPa0,1ᙠ%&BC⏚¿T
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10ZSTÊ᝱z{|ÔØGᡂ1molHO(1)Ø)*1mol12DZᱥÉḄ8Õ᪗×Z᪗×)ᱥZ᪗×6ÛÜÝஹᔾHÙÚÜÝÜÝÛgÝজè⏚ஹèFᡈé⏚ஹéFêEḄ1)ᱥ)*G“ÝEáᑏã|ḄëᡂSTḄUᓄᱥÞßᨵᐵBᓫæ¿ç+c57.3kJ,mol-1᝞CO2ஹSO2ஹ“kJmoL”ঝC⏚ECF¼0পஹP2O5ëḄZ57.3kJmol-1*+--ᓄᓣdÍÎÏᢈÑÒᓣÎÏ14ḄíTîïðñòóூïðõḄ௃íTC⏚ஹCFḄB\ðᓄdḄᦔ஺ூíTøᳮ௃,„(᪷᩽+஻?ẚ)-c•(R-fý)XH=---------------------------------------------------nc=4.18J-gT•r-,-4.18X10^kJ«gT•࠷TQnZGᡂH2OḄᱥÉḄ8஺ூïðᵨþ௃ÿᘤ
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11=஺ᯠ?@ᙠᜧஹABCDᛛᧇ(ᡈᩩ)4ᜧEᵨᛛᧇ(ᡈ)GH4ᙠIBJK4LM5NᴻᤅOP4᝞RSᡠU஺(2)ᵨVW50mL0.50moi[T"⏚4᎔ᐭI4YᵨZ"⏚Ḅ4[ᐭR⊤஺ᯠ?]EḄ⏚ᵨ^_`ab஺(3)ᵨcVW50mL0.50molL-1NaOH$%4YᵨZd$%Ḅ4[ᐭR⊤஺(4)]Nᴻᤅ6ᐭḄ"⏚I4Y]IḄNaOH$%efVg᎔ᐭ(hij⌕lᑮ᜜☢)஺ᵨᴻᤅppᤅq$%,YstuWvᔠ$%Ḅᨬy4[z{|ᦇ4[ᐭR⊤஺(5)~()(2)(4)g஺?i/࠷=ᙳ{|()"⏚NaOH$%t/࠷஺2V)/࠷2gᦪ123ூᦪᜐᳮ௃(1)WgZᡠᦪḄ=ᙳGz஺t\/࠷t/࠷«2—/࠷2(2)z4ᡃᙢz()ᡠᵨ⏚ஹ$%Ḅᙳz1g-cm7,¡IN?ᡠ$%Ḅ¢£z4.18J-gT•Cl

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ᶇᦪ)஺(6)(“”ᡈ“”)ᵨBa(0H)2⏚ᓄ⏚ᳮᵫ!o#᪆(1)ᙠ&'Ḅ)*+,&-./01ᱥ34ᐰ&6678ᐭḄ:01ᱥ;<=>?஺(2)-.@'>Aᜫ᎔ᐭNaOH1DEFG᎔ᐭ஺(3)7⏚HNaOHIᔠᙳᒴḄM/NO!PᵨᝅᙠRSTUḄVWXᴻᤅ[\]]ᙢᤅ_஺(4)`ᓄ`ᓄ┛&bc4ᐰᵯefgḄ&'hi`jk&Ḅb!lᵯ#bfH⏚Ḅ01&kᔠjḄᵯe⌕ᔾᦈ'>ᦑ&'⌕?(qr&'HḄᐵt)஺(5)uvE+,ḄwᙳxᐭyzT{ᓽ}஺(6)~-⏚HBa(OH)201ᡂBaSC)4Ḅᡂ'01Ḅ01'ᦑᵨBa(OH)2⏚ᓄ⏚஺ᫀ(1)/⏚34ᐰ&(2)C(3)D(4)A^)=AH<(5)—51.82kJ-moF1(6)H2s஺4HBa(OH)201ᡂBaSO4Ḅᡂ'01Ḅ01'ூ'(௃(1)ᛛᧇ(ᡈᩩ)ᛛᧇḄOᵨ!Rஹ◞'@+,=&'>ḄAᜫ஺(2)-⏚ஹ4ᐰ&6ᵨ;;=>஺

143+,ᵨVWXᴻᤅ[\ᤅ[Ḅ!Uᤅ_ᵨ¡ᤅ[\VWXᴻᤅ[\Ḅᳮᵫ!¢'£'>Aᜫᜧ஺2-▲5¥§¨▲)ª«P45ᑖ¯ᑖxP100ᑖஹ⌱³⚪µ⚪ᐳ7¸⚪¹⚪6ᑖᐳ42ᑖ¹¸⚪¼ᨵ¸⌱⚗¿ᔠ⚪r஺1.ᑡHᓄÂ01>ÃᓄhᐵḄÄÅM/Ḅ!oA.ᡂᱥÇ>*ÈÉ01ᱥÇ>B.⏀Ì}ᵨOÍᧇÎÏ⏀ÌÍÐ!ÑÒ>Ḅ01C.ÔÕÖᓄ◤⌕ᔾᦈᜧ>Ḅ'ظÃᓄ!ᔾ'01D.iRiÚH2g+Cbg=2HClgᙠᐝ᯿ãÍᩩäḄ஻i#᪆A⚗Ò'01&ᡂᱥÇ>ÈÉ01ᱥÇ>ᔾ'01&ᡂᱥḄÇ>æÉ01ᱥḄÇ>ᦑA┯èC⚗ÔÕÖᓄ!ᱥᳮÃᓄ!ᓄÂ01ᦑC┯éèêÃH01ᩩäëᐵᦑD┯஺ᫀB2.2013•íî஺ïð-᪷òᔴ᝞ôᡠöḄ01ᑨøᑡÎ&┯éḄ!o8஺Ca2+CO,CaOCO2û⏚┛Ḅ'ᑖ#örôA.CO2gCaOsḄÇ>ᜧÉCaCO3sḄÇ>B.D01ḄᯚᜧC.ᨵᨵᐳᓄᔾᦈᓄᡂD.ᵫ!"#◤⌕&'()Ḅᙳ,ᔾ'-᪆0,1⏚┛4'ᑖ-#ᔾ'ᡠ7CO2:g<=CaO:s<Ḅ@ᜧCaCO3:s<Ḅ@,CᜧᦑAஹBHIJᙠCaCCh,Ca?+=CC^PQRᙠco??.CU஺PQRᙠᐳᦑᨵ

15ᨵᐳWᓄᔾᦈXᓄYᡂCHI஺◤⌕&'()ḄZ[\,ᔾ'᝞1Ḅ^_◤⌕&'`#'D┯b஺cᫀD3.efᓄA2(g)+B2(g)2AB(g)Ḅᓄ᝞hᡠijᑡlmHIḄ#()o/(kj-mor')2molAB(g)1molA(g)+1molB(g)22opA.qᡂ2ᑖABᔾᦈ(a—b)kJ'B.'r஻=+(a—b)kJ-molτC.ᱥḄ@vᡂᱥḄ@D.1molA—A=1molB—BakJ-᪆ᵫ⚪Chx7yᑮ⚪CḄᱥ@{ᡂᱥ@,ᔾ'C┯Jqᡂ2moiABᔾᦈḄ',(a-b)kJ,A┯Jᓄ|pᓄ,ᔾ'|pᓄYᡂ,'|pD┯஺cᫀB4.ef}জ101kPa2c(s)+02(g)=2co(g)AH=-221kJ-moF1ঝH+(aq)+OH-(aq)=HO(l)2r"=-57.3kJmolljᑡHIḄ#()oA.1Ḅ^_'ᜧ110.5kJ-moLB.জḄ',221kJmor1C.98%Ḅ⏚Uᓄᡂ1molḄ=',[57.3

16kJmol1D.⏚Uᓄᡂ1mol57.3kJḄ'-᪆^_'#ᢣᙠ101kPa1molᱥᐰ^_ᡂ\ᓄᱥᡠḄ'஺জḄ1Z#1mol,ᱥCOZ#1^_ᡂḄᨬ\ᓄᱥCO7^_'ᦑ1Ḅ^_'ᜧজ'Ḅ[JB⚗⊤i“'”Ḅᦪ¡¢£JC⚗¤mḄ#=',ᦪZ£“-”Ḅ'ᜧ57.3kJ;D⚗Ḅ'ᒹ§H,UOIFḄ'=⏚ᵯᔾᦈḄ'ᡠ7Ḅ'⌕©57.3kJ஺cᫀA5.jᑡ'ᓄªp«r஻Ḅ¬®⊤i^ᱥḄ^_'Ḅ#()஺A.C(s)+1o(g)=CO(g)2A"=-110.5kJmoLB.CH(g)+2O(g)=CO(g)+2HO(g)4222r”=-802.3kJmol_1C.2H(g)+O(g)=2HO(l)222AH=-571.6kJmoLD.CO(g)+1o(g)=CO(g)22A/7=-283kJmor'-᪆AஹB⚗^_'ᡠḄᱥ#\Ḅᓄᱥᑖ°#C02(g)=HO(1),ᦑAஹB┯bJC⚗^_'ᡠḄ^ᱥḄᱥḄ,1mol,2ᦑC┯b஺cᫀD6.jᑡlmHIḄ#()஺A.±²±³j4Al(s)+3O2(g)-2Al2()3(s)ᙠ´²=µ^ᩩ·jḄr஻Z±B.ᙠ¸¹ᱥᐹᨵḄ@ᜧᡂᱥᐹᨵḄ@'AH>0r”=-196.8kJ-mo»ᑣ1Ḅ^_'#r஻=—196.8kJ•mol1

17D.efNaOHaq
+HClaq
-NaClaq
+H2஺পA//=-57.4kJ-molᑣ¿20.0gNaOHḄUÀ⏚ᐰ=28.7kJḄ-᪆A⚗'Uᩩ·ÁᐵJB⚗'r“Ã:

18|p(1)hᡠi#(ö“ᔾ'”ᡈ“'”),(ö“◤⌕”ᡈ“Z◤⌕”)&'Ḅr”=(ᵨ¿øஹùḄúᦪ«⊤i)஺(2)ef'ᓄªp«}H(g)+^O(g)=HO(g)AH=-241.8kJ-moF1,222Ḅàᓄ,167.2kJ•morlᑣᐸ⌮Ḅàᓄ,஺-᪆(1)hfᱥḄ@vᡂᱥḄ@,#'',}AH=-(Ei-Ey,ᵫᱥḄ@{àᓄᑖḄᨬ{20ü◤⌕&'஺(2)ᵫhfᙠH(g)+1o()=HO(g)AH=-22g2241.8kJ-moLàᓄᑖḄᨬ{×ᱥḄv167.2kJmoL;#'ᱥḄý×ᡂᱥḄv241.8kJ-mol0üàᓄᑖḄᨬ{×ᡂᱥḄv(241.8+167.2)kJ-mol1=409kJ-mol1Jᡈ⌮#ᔾ'àᓄvþḄàᓄÿ
ᓄᑖḄᨬᡂᱥḄᓽ409kJ-moLᫀপ◤⌕(5—(2)409kJ-moF19.(15ᑖ)(2013•!"⊞ᓝ%᪥ὶὃ)ᔠᡂ+,-Ḅ᪶/0N(g)+21ᓄᑺ3H2(g)-—L2NH(g)3"=QkJmoL஺567ᓄ᝞39:ஹ9<=ᡠ?@AᑡC⚪஺

192molNH31
ᙠFGHᐭ1ᓄᑺJ᳛LᜧEiN&Ḅ7ᓄPEi,%RS“Lᜧ”ஹ“VW”ᡈ“Y7”Z஺2
ᙠ500࠷ஹ2XIO’paN1ᓄᑺᩩ]Aᔣ_`aᘤᐙᐭ05moiN2N1.5moldᐙᑖefḄRS“V"ஹ">”ᡈ“=”Z46.2kJ,ᳮᵫ0________________________________________________________3
ᐵoḄAᑡpqrsḄ0RStuZ஺A.3஻>RZ,AS>0B.3஻>RZ,AS<0C.AH<0,A5>0D.AW<0,A5<0x᪆R1
ᙠFGHᐭ1ᓄᑺz{ᓄᦑ}N~ᙳVW஺R3
᪷⚪Ḅ=fᔠᡂ+Ḅᦑ3஻

20ᡲ³ᜩµ89W¹ºY»¼½ᴻ¿ÀᓇÂR¶·ṹZ\□[:ᘤ♦oV/J______<=abCdef=1n.£¤Ã⏚NÃÄÅᓄÆNḄÇÈ᝞=2ᡠ?஺ÉʽᴻᤅÌ¿:ÍÎ=2পᑏfoḄᓄÐ6ÑRN57.3kJ«mol-I
PফÓ50mLNaOHN30mL⏚¡¢ᦪ᝞A⊤஺জ×SᑏA⊤ḄØÙP:ÍÛÜ:Íti/࠷:͵ÝÞ:ᙳßRàH2SO4NaOHµᙳßÍt2rcÚᦪáZ/࠷126.226.026.130.1227.027.427.233.3325.925.925.929.8426.426.226.330.4ঝᵨäåᦪßÎæçè53.5kJ-mol-1,57.3kJ-mol-1ᨵêëêḄ
0RStuZoa.ÇÈì:ஹ◞ᦔè

21b.ÓNaOHḄFôõö÷ᦪc.ᑖùÚúNaOH᎔ᐭüᨵ⏚ḄW¹ºd.ᵨ:ÍΣ¤NaOHÛÜ:Íeþÿ
H2s஺4Ḅ᪆I.পᑴ245mL0.50moHL/iNaOH,⌱!250mL"#$%ᡠ'◤NaOHḄ)#*(NaOH)=0.50mol,L1X0.250LX40g-mol1=5.0g;(2)NaOH45᧕7%ᡠ'8
⌕:ᙠ<=>?#஺H.(2)জABCDE=F-GHhḄJᙳL%M2NOEPᜧ%RS%ᑣᨬVEJᙳLWM1ஹ3ஹ4NZNCDḄE[\◀'3^ঝ`W53.5kJ-moci<57.3kJ■mol1,ghCDij>ᨵl#ᦣᜫ%ᦑaஹcqr^dḄtuvwxḄH2s04ḄyHOz%ᨬVEJᙳL{-|}~%CDO%ᦑdqr஺ᫀI.(1)5.0(2)abeII.(D3H2so4(aq)+NaOH(aq)=|Na2so4(aq)+H2஺প஻=857.3kJ-moL(2)জ4.0ঝacd11.(15ᑖ)1molAB(g)ᑖ>Ḅᓄwᐸᑖᡂ᝱A\᝱BᡠᔾᦈḄ#?WA-BḄ஺⊤ᑡ¢£8¤ᓄḄE¦ᓄH—HCl—Cl0=0C—ClC—HO—HH—ClE/(kJ-moL)436247X330413463431§¨ᑡ©⚪:¬ij(1)᝞®⊤¯°¬Ḅ#}ᓄᐵ²%ᑣ³¬W(´“ᔾl”ᡈ“:l”)¬%ᐸ>”=(ᵨ¹ᨵaஹbḄᐵ²º⊤¯)஺(2)»®¯>⊤¯¬H2(g)+1o(g)=HO(g)"=-241.8kJmol1,ᑣb22=kJ-mof1,x—o

22বᔊÁÂÃᵨ“ᙢÅu”ᑴÆ%Ç8ÈuÉᵨCuC12ÊËᓄᑺ%ᙠ450cᑭᵨÎ>ḄÏÐÆᓄѬᑴÆ஺¬ḄᓄÈjºW<,»Òᶍ\ÔÕÖ¬lḄ×Ø%᪷ÚÂ⚪>ḄᨵᐵᦪÚ%ÜÝÞ¬>ᨵ1molᵯàáâ%¬Ḅ#}ᓄWo᪆(1)¬ᱥḄ#zäᡂᱥ%`³É:l¬஺¬lW¬ᱥåᡂᱥḄ#[E%ᓽ஻=(“-/OkJmolL(2)6⊤¯HஹOᔠW᝱èâḄ#}ᓄ%ᐸᦪLW463X2=926;436+*926=-241.8,ᑣx=496.4஺ব᪷Ú⚪é᧕ᑏ¢Èjº஺¬Ḅ”=(496.4+431X4-247X2-463X4)kJ-mor'=-125.6kJ-mol-1,ᑣàá1molᵯâ¬:¢Ḅ#W31.4kJ«,450࠷ᫀপ:l(a-fe)kJmor1(2)926496.4(3)O+4HC1—==2C1+22Ëᓄᑺ2H2஺:¢#31.4kJìâ2lᓄÈjºḄíᑏî¬lḄïᓫÜÝᨬñὃó1.£lᓄÈjºḄ¹ô஺2.ᳮö÷
ø%ùúᵨö÷
øûüᨵᐵ¬lḄïᓫÜÝ஺3.£ýÉþÿ
Ḅ⌕ẠᓄᙠᓻḄ⌕ᵨ஺ὃ-ẚ#$%&⚪(ẚὃ)*ᓄ+,-Ḅ.ᑏ012ᑨ4⁚“ᳮ1.ᭆ6⊤89:ᓄ;<Ḅᱥ>Ḅᱥ>Ḅ?;<*ḄᐵAḄᓄ+,-஺2.BC⊤Dᓄ;<Ḅᱥ>Eᓄ?Eᓄ஺

23᝞G2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2஺(1)-571.6kJ-mol-1⊤8G2.molZ[1mol\[;<ᡂ2mol^᝱`abc571.6kJḄ*?஺3..ᑏপfD;<ᩩhG;<*0ijᩩh(kஹmno)ᨵᐵ஺qᜧsᦪ;᝱Gᵨs>hgஹᑖ⊤8ஹ^ஹ[ஹ^஺(3)fBᓫG”<ᒹ“+”ᡈ“)”ஹᦪᓫ(kJ•mori)஺(4)fBឤᐵAGজឤᜫᵯឤঝ?ឤ஺(”0ᓄ¤?ᦪ¥¦<)(5)§¨©ª+,-G)«f"t”ஹ"I”¯°“±”ஹ“:*”o;<ᩩh஺(6)fB*ᓄ+,-Ḅᓄ¤?ᦪ*ᓄ+,-ᔜᱥ>ᓄ-³☢Ḅᓄ¤?ᦪµ⊤8¶ᱥ>Ḅᱥ>Ḅ?,~¯u᦮ᦪ}¹~¯uᑖᦪ஺ºᓄ¤?ᦪ»¼0”¥¦<}᝞½ᓄ¤?ᦪ:¾}ᑣ”¹⌕:¾஺%&Àὃ1.Á)Âᓄ;<}uᔲÄᨵ)ÅÆ-Ḅ*ᓄ+,-ÇÈᫀ*ᓄ+,-};<*஻ḄË0ᓄ¤?ᦪ°;<ᱥஹᡂᱥḄ᝱ᨵᐵ஺¦¨Á)Âᓄ;<}ᓄ¤?ᦪÁa}ᑣ;<*”Ḅ˹Á஺ÌÍ}Á)Âᓄ;<}~ᨵsÅÆ-Ḅ*ᓄ+,-஺2.Î^Z(Ï⌕ᡂᑖuÐCH஺ᨵÒᵨ¨ÓᩭḄÕÖ×ØÙÚÕÛAÜ஺ÝÞi101kPaa}1molHßᐰ±áᡂ^᝱`}bc285.8kJḄ*?12molCH4ßᐰ±áᡂ^᝱`CO[}bc890.3kJḄ*?஺2äᑏcåæᡠè°ᑮḄêÂ;<Ḅ*ᓄ+,-Gজ___________________________________________________________________ঝ____________________________________________________________________ÈᫀজH2(g)+1c)2(g)=H2OপAW=-285.8kJ-mol

24(2)CH(g)+2O(g)=CO(g)+2HO(l)4222A”=—890.3kJ-mol-1⁚⚪ὃᔣூ8ð1௃(1)[2013•ᓅóᳮõ}26(2)]ö÷$øaùN2஺2;<,ᐸ?Eᓄ8Bû᝞z:945kJmoLN(g)---------------------2N(g)-22x(-60)kJ-ol'.3m2NQ(g)ýஹ498kJ-mor*cc,ஹ0(g)--------------------*20(g)—2ᑏc¶;<Ḅ*ᓄ+,-GO(2)[2013•þÿᳮ
11(5)]SO2ᵨᑴ⏚஺25࠷ஹ101kPa2SO(g)+O(g)2so3(g)A//i=-197kJ-mol-122HO(g)=HO(l)=-44kJ-mol-1222SO(g)+O(g)+2HO(g)=2HSO(l)22224%=545kJmor'oᑣS03(g)0(1)Ḅᓄ!"#$஺%&'(প*+ᓄ,ᔾᦈ/01ᡂᓄ,34/0ᓄḄ”=ᱥḄ,/78-:ᡂᱥḄ,/78(2)᪷<=ᓄ!"#>ᱥ:ᡂᱥḄ?@AᐸC0DᦪFᓄ!"#GH〉JK᦮ᯠNFK᦮NḄAᐸHOPQᓽST=ᓄ!"#஺U᪆(1)*Wᓄ,ᔾᦈ/01ᡂᓄ,34/0N(g)+O2(g)=2NO(g)ᐸCX!Y᝞[2”=945kJ-mol'+498kJ-mol1-2X630kJ-mor1=+183kJ-mol-1(2)᪷<\]^_STSO(g)+HO(1)=HSO(1)`aᢥ[#GHᓽ3224”=1(AH-AH1-2AH)=-130kJ-mol132ᓄ!"#SO(g)+HO(1)=HSO(1)AH=-130kJmor13224cᫀ(l)N2(g)+O2(g)=2NO(g)A//=+183kJ-mol-1(2)SO(g)+HO(1)=HSO(1)\H=-130kJ-mol-13224ூfg2][2012•ᓅjᳮ
26(1)]ᵨCh:klmnoᨵqᱥrk:skᱥ

25HC1,ᑭᵨA,uvwoḄxyᑭᵨ஺A4HC1+02cz{|2c12+2HO2i.A>4moiHC1~ᓄ4T115.6kJḄ0஺11.@@'•@+@(l)H0Ḅᵯ#$஺2(2)AḄᓄ!"#$o(3)*W1molH—0,*W1molH—Cl,ᡠ◤/0OkJ,H0>H—0,HC1>H—C1,(“”ᡈ“”)o2U᪆(1)0ᐳᓄᔠᱥᐸᵯ#H.O,\s\up6("),\s\do4(..)).H(2)᪷<4moiHC1~ᓄ4T115.6kJḄ0ᔠᩩ400C,ᦑᐸᓄ!"#4HCl(g)+O(g)40002Cl(g)+2H20(g)AH=-115.622kJmol\(3)᪷<(2)Ḅᓄ!"#8O2ஹCLḄ,/*+4moiH—C1,1mol0=0,◤ᔾᦈḄ/0:ᡂ2moic1—C1,84moiH—0,4TḄ/0115.6kJ,ᦑ4moiH—0,Ḅ,/4moiH—C1,Ḅ,/ᜧ:115.6kJ+498kJ-2X243kJ=127.6kJ,ᦑ*W1molH—0,*W1molH—Cl,ᡠ◤/0O127.6kJ+432kJ;᪷

261.᝞l{ᘤ>¢᝱ᱥ¤GHᱥ¤7/0(kJmoli)ḄᐵDᑣ[ᑡᓄ!"#§¨Ḅ$()oA.2A(g)+B(g)=2C(g)"=(&-Ei)kJ-moLB.2A(g)+B(g)=2C(g)AH=-(E-Ei)kJmorl2C.2C(g)=2A(g)+B(g)஻=᦮2—EDkJmoLD.2C(g)=2A(g)+B(g)஻=(E2—Ei)kJU᪆2A+BḄ/0ª2cḄ/0ᦑ2A+B--C4“«¬ᓫ?kJ-mol1.cᫀB2.(2013•®¯°±)²³$ᢣµ¶·¸[1mol¹ᱥ¤ºᐰ²³:ᡂ¼^Ḅᓄᱥᡠ4TḄ0஺[ᑡ½Y§¨Ḅ$()oA.µ¶·¸[1g¾¢²³:ᡂ¿᝱À4T142.9kJ0ᑣ⊤f¾¢²³Ḅᓄ!"#2H(g)+O(g)=2HO(l)஻=-571.6kJmoL222B.H2(g)+F2(g)=2HF(g)A/7=—270kJ-moP1,ᑣ1mol¾¢1mol¢:ᡂ2mol¿᝱Âᓄ¾4TḄ0Ã270kJC.500°Cஹ30MPa[Ä0.5molN?81.5molÅ@{Ḅᘤ>ᐙᑖ:ᡂNH(g),419.3kJ,ᐸᓄ!"#N(g)+32ÈᓄᑺI3H2(g)-L2NH3(g)"=-38.6kJmoÊËÌஹÍÎD.জC(s,ÐÑ)+O2(g)==CO2(g)AW=-393.5kJ-mol-1,ঝC(s,ÓÔÐ)+O2(g)=CO2(g)஻=-395.0kJ-molᑣC(s,ÓÔÐ)^=C(s,!Ñ)”=1.5kJmoLU᪆⊤f¾¢²³Ḅᓄ!"#>H2(g)ḄᓄC0ᦪ1,A┯¢Ö׿Ö⌕4T/0ᡠu1mol¾¢1mol¢:ᡂ2mol¿᝱Âᓄ¾4TḄ0ᜧ270kJ,B┯Ù⌮ᦑᢗᐭ0.5molḄÝ¢8L5mol¾¢ᨬßàPḄÝ¢^Ã0.5mol,áÙᓄ!"#>”Ã-38.6kJ-rnoK',â$µ¶·¸”᪗z¨ᡠᜐ·¸⌱⚗C⧨D>ᵫঝ-জ§¨஺cᫀD

273.ᑏT[ᑡᓄ!"#প[2013•éê25(4)]ᙠ25࠷,101kPa[13.5gḄA1ìÖᓫ¤ᙠ஺2¢Ö>ºᐰ²³Nឮîïð·᝱4419kJ,ñḄᓄ!"#$(2)[2013•ᜩóᳮ
10(2)]QSOḄ᣸4¶õöḄ÷ø$Ä᯼úᓄ2ûü¢Ö²ᧇ஺H(g)+jo(g)=HO(g)AW=-241.8kJ-mor1222C(s)+C)2(g)^=CO(g)A//=-110.5kJ,mol1ᑏTᯖÿ
ḄᓄO(3)[2011•ᳮ,29(1)]1gFeSzᐰ7.1kJ,FeS2ḄᓄOᫀ(1)4Al(s)+3O(g)=2AlO3(s)"”=%3352kJ-moL(ᐸ'ᔠᳮᫀᙳ22*)(2)C(s)+H2O(g)=CO(g)+H2(g)A//=+131.3kJ-mol-1(3)4FeS(s)+110(g)=8SO(g)+2FeO(s)"”=-3408kJ-moF122223ூ?@ᢈ௃ᨵᐵᓄḄ“/0”“/1”1.2ᑏᓄḄ“/0”%ᑏ%ᑏ45Ḅᓄ6᪗—ᵨsஹ1ஹgஹ=᪗>ᱥ@ḄAB8᝱8᝱C᪗—᪗>ḄFGHIJ(101kPaஹ25࠷L*M᪗N)ᩩE|᪗—ᙠQᑏ"RS᪷UVWN>"஻Ḅ“+”ᡈ“-”

28+”ᓽᓄ]ᦪᡂ`a஺c⌮ᔣfgLhᐸ`Ḅᦪijkhlmj/1nᔲlᔠ—᝞ஹsHḄᓄᭆqὃu6vwxyஹḄaz]{⁚IIᳮ1.vwxyপᑁ~%ᓄhn%0ᡂnᑖ0ᡂhᐸn%᪵஺ᓽᓄḄḄ᝱H᝱ᨵᐵ,Ḅ⌶ᐵ஺(2)

29]{Ḅ஺বᵨḄᐵAWiJADA”l=aA”2aX—^BஹA-----aABA-^LBAH\/1HC22.A”Ḅazaz"”ḄᜧL◤ὃ⇋`¡mhh¢£h"“¢¤ᔾhᔾ¢£h"஻¢ᜧ஺3.Ḅ]{(1)¦⌕¨Uᓄஹ©ªஹvwxy«ஹsHk஺(2)¦⌕¬জ᪷Uᓄ]{ᱥH®ᡂᱥᔜᱥ@Ḅᱥ@Ḅᡂ`a஺ঝ᪷UᱥH®ᡂᱥḄ±ª]{XH=E®ᡂᱥ-Eᱥ஺ঞ¨Uᱥᓄ©³´®ᡂᱥᓄ©µᡂ¶sḄªᓄ]{XH=EᱥḄᓄᜐ³´ᔾᦈḄªa%E®ᡂᱥḄᓄ©µᡂἅḄªºট᪷Uvwxy]{ᓄḄḄ᝱(ᔜᱥ)H᝱(ᔜ®ᡂᱥ)ᨵᐵhḄ⌶ᐵ஺ᓽ᝞¼%*½ᑖ0fghᑣᔜᑖ0Ḅ¿HÀ%0ᡂLḄnjÁḄ஺ᵨvwxyÂᵨ½ÃÄŬ஺a.ᓄjÆᡈjÇh᝞ᵫC(s)+O(g)=CO(g)22

30C(s)+1o(g)=CO(g)\H,2r*Ð2C0(g)+O(g)=2CO(g)"”=2(AM—A”2)22ᵬ%^-Öb.ᔠᳮÙ]⌶h᝞ᑣ"//="“Ûᓝ4Þ஺ঠ᪷Uᱥ@ᦪi]{஺(à஻(*ᱥ)á஻|ড᪷Uaáfg]{Q=c•m,ATãäåὃ1.æazÃᑡCèsḄᜧ(1)Á%h®ᡂᱥ8᝱MÁLA(g)+B(g)=C(g)A//i<0A(g)+B(g)=C(l)AH<02"mA஻2(ïᡈ"="hÃÁ)஺ñ᪆óC(g)=C(l)AA7<03ᑣ-AHthH(2)Á'%hᱥ8᝱MÁLS(g)+O(g)=SO(g)AM<022S(s)+O(g)=SO(g)A//<0222úIAHiAHO2ñ᪆S(g)üýs(s)Sz\HQ2(g)”2+AH=AH,,ᑣAH=AHi-AH,"sOᡠ”௃<"2஺332ᫀ<(3)ᨵὶ!Ḅ#$%&'(C(s)+O(g)=CO(g)*<022C(s)+1o(g)=CO(g)஻2<02/IAW,AH»2

313᪆᪷6789:CO(g)+;O2(g)==CO2(g)஻3<0<=“2+A“3=\H\,ᡠᫀ<2.@:H2so4(aq)DBa(OH%(aq)%&Ḅ”=-1584.2kJmoL;HCl(aq)DNaOH(aq)%&Ḅ"=-55.6kJ-mol-1.ᑣPᡂBaSC)4(s)Ḅ%&STU___________________oᫀV1473kJmoX⁚⚪ὃᔣூZ[3௃(2013•ᐰ^_`᪗H,12)ᙠ1200°CdᜩᯠgῃijklmnPoᑡ%&q3HS(g)+^O(g)=SO(g)+HO(g)kH\222232HS(g)+SO(g)=^S(g)+2HO(g)AH22222HS(g)+1o(g)=S(g)+HO(g)AW22232S(g)=S(g)A//24ᑣA“4Ḅtu⊤wx=()=2A.A/7=3(A//I+A//-3A//)423B.஻4=|(3A”3-AHI-A஻2)C."4=|஺”|+4”2—34”3)D.஻4=|஺஻1V|஻2—34஻3)}~ᑖ᪆:%&l%&ᱥஹPᡂᱥD@:%&l%&ᱥPᡂᱥḄᓄᦪᐵ!ᑭᵨSᓄx”Ḅtu஺3᪆⚪lSᓄx=জஹঝஹঞஹটᵫজ+ঝ-ঞX3¦3S(g)=|s(g),(AH)+AH-3AW),223ᦑ2s(g)=S2(g)AH=|஺”1+AH-3AH)423ᫀA

32ூZ[4](2012•¨©ᳮ«12)¬(H2N—NH2)V®¯°±ᧇᨵᐵᓄ%&Ḅ°³ᓄ᝞µᡠZ஺@:¶·1molᓄ¸ᡠ◤Ḅ°(kJ)qNºN=942ஹ0=0=500ஹN—N=154,ᑣ¶·1molN—H¸ᡠ◤Ḅ°(»)()஺°¼2N(g)4H(g)2O(g)Ꮇ¾l¿++AᱥÀḄÁ1°1111AHஹτ'A^=-2752kJ"mol'2%&ᱥḄ1τÁ°NH(g)+O(g)242A//,=-534kJ-mol-1PᡂᱥḄfCÁ°N2(g)+2H2O(g)A.194B.391C.516D.6583᪆ᵫ⚪lḄµÂ9ÃĶ·1molN2H4(g)1mol஺2Å)lḄᓄ¸ᡠ⌕ᔾᦈḄ°=q2752kJ-534kJ=2218kJ,ɶ·1molN—H¸ᡠ◤⌕Ḅ°=x,ᑣ154kJ+4x+500kJ=2218kJ,3¦x=391kJ஺ᫀB⁚R⚪ᓣ1.(2013•Ê©ὶὃ)ᵨCH4ÌᓄÍÎNO*9Ï◀ÑÒᓄᱥḄÓÔ஺@:CH(g)4+4NO(g)=4NO(g)+CO(g)+2HO(g)஻=-574kJmol_1,CH(g)+22244NO(g)=2N(g)+CO(g)+2HO(g)\H=-1160kJ-mol-1஺Õᙠ᪗Ö×Øo2224.48LCRាÚ°ÛVNO2ÍÎᡂN2HO(g),ᑣ᦮ÝlÞÄḄS2=()oA.114.8kJB.232kJC.368.8kJD.173.4kJ3᪆ᵫ::CH4ÍÎNO2PᡂN2HO(g)ḄSᓄx=CH(g)24+2NO(g)=N(g)+CO(g)+2H20(g)AH=-867kJ-mol1,ᡠ0.2mol222CH4à%&ÞÄḄS=173.4kJ஺ᫀD2.(2013•áᓭᔁ5)@:oᑡ%&ḄSᓄxq6cম+5H2(g)+3N2(g)+9O2(g)=2c3H5(ONO2)3পbH\2H(g)+O(g)=2HO(g)222

33C(s)+O(g)=CO(g)AW223ᑣ%&4CH(ONO)3(1)=12CO(g)+10HO(g)+0(g)+6N(g)Ḅ஻=3522222()oA.12A//+5A7/-2A7/IB.2AH,-5AH-12AW3223C.12A஻3-5A஻2-2A/7ID.X5kH%\2&3᪆ɺSᓄxজஹঝஹঞ᪷6ঞX12+ঝX5VজX2¦q4CH(ONO)3(1)=12co2(g)+10HO(g)+0(g)+6N(g)AH=35222212A/7+5AH-2AWI.32ᫀA3.(çoᑡ%&ᡈÝlḄSᡈ%&SḄ'éᜧë஺(1)@:q@H(g)+1o(g)=HO(g)222AH\=akJ•mol1ঝ2H2(g)+02(g)=2H20(g)”2=bkJmoF1ঞH2(g)+1c)2(g)=ï0পAW=CkJ-moL3@2H(g)+O(g)=2HO(l)஻4=dkJ•mol"1222ᑣaஹbஹcஹd¿Ḅᜧëᐵ!=o(2)@:ñòóUôdóõö÷øù஺ᙠúöoÛ1molûôi⏚ýᑴᡂóõdÞÄS=QxkJ,ÿẆᑖḄᓄCuSO.5HO(S)=CUSO(S)+5HO(1)\H=+QkJ•moF1,ᑣ0%Q2Ḅ42422ᜧ(ᐵ*+o᪆(1)ᵫ./01+20134HO(g)=HO(l)A//<0,ᦑᨵla=b>2c22=do(2)᪷=⚪?@A᝞CDᓄᐵ*E|G(஺I|CuRaq)+SO-(aq)+5H2O(l)J+Q2CuS(\ড+5+0(1)ᦑᨵ:A//=+Q2kJ,mol1-(2ikJ,mol'>0,ᓽEPᫀপ2஻=0>2c=d(2)஺2>0

34ூ%&'(௃VW01ᜧ(ḄXYZ?⌕\1.01ᱥ^_ᡂᱥḄa᝱ᱥcḄdஹfஹgh᝱Ḅiᓄ%01jḄᐵ*2.k”ḄmnEVW01Ḅᜧ(o3p⌕qVWk஻ᦪsḄᜧ(3t⌕ὃ⇋ᐸmn஺3.xy01ᱥcḄjEz01ᱥ^_ᡂᱥḄa᝱{|o3xy01ᱥcḄj}~3201Ḅk“}(3ᔾ01Ḅk”}ᜧ஺4.01ḄExy01ᱥcḄj^a᝱{|o301Ḅ}ᜧ3jiᓄ}ᜧ஺*+--ᓄᓣᢈᓣ15Ḅ⌕1ᵨ——y01ᑭᵨyᑏᓄᡈ01ḄIE✌ᐜ¡¢£¤Ḅᓄ%¥᪗ᓄḄ§¨Eজª¥᪗ᓄ«Ḅ¬01ᱥᙠ¬Y£¤ᓄ«¯_ᡂᱥ°ᡈ¥᪗«Ḅ¬_ᡂᱥᙠ¬Y£¤ᓄ«¯01ᱥ±3@²/ᓄḄ01ᱥ^_ᡂᱥ³᎔3{1ḄA"ᦋimn¶ঝ¸¹Y£¤ᓄº»|¼½¬Yᔠ〉Ḅᦪ3À£¤ᓄ«¬01ᱥᡈ_ᡂᱥḄᓄjᦪ%¥᪗ᓄ«Ḅ/01ᱥᡈ_ᡂᱥḄᓄjᦪIÁ஺ᓄ«Ḅk”ÂÃÄ{1Ḅᣚ¶ঞ¸£¤ᓄÃÄy3{1Ḅᓄ

35«Ḅk”ÂÃÄy஺zÇᢣÉூᐺÌ௃ᵨH2O2^H2s஺4ḄÏᔠÐf@ÐÑᓺᑵᵯÕÖ×ØÙÚ«ḄÛ஺£¤EজCu(s)+2H+(aq)^=Cu2*(aq)+H(g)2kHi=+64.39kJ-mol1ঝ2H2O2প=2H2Oপ+O(g)2k“2=-196.46kJ-moF1ঞH2(g)+/)2(gLH2O(l)k“3=—285.84kJmol”ᙠH2s஺4Ðf«3Cu%H2O201_ᡂCi?+^HOḄᓄ+2᪆ᵫᓄজ+gxঝ+ঞAECuম+2H+(aq)+HO(l)=Cu23(aq)+2HO(1)222k“=è+¶X+k%=+64.39kJ-mol_1+|x(-196.46kJ-mol")+(-285.84kJ-mor1)=-319.68kJ-mol1.PᫀCu(s)+H2O2প+2H+(aq)=Cu2+(î)+2HO(1)2A//=-319.68kJmol-1ூ1ᵨ1௃(2013•ᜩðcñ)¸TiChDᓄ+TiCL,ôõö÷×ØøḄù⌕01úI஺£¤ETiO(s)+2Cl(g)=TiCU(l)+O(g)222k”=+140.5kJ-mol-1C(s,ûü)+¶02(g)=C0(g)k”=I110.5kJ-mol-1ᑣ01TiO2(s)+2Cb(g)+2C(s,ûü)ITiCLপ+2CO(g)Ḅk஻()஺A.+80.5kJ-mol-1B.+30.0kJ-mol-1C.-30.0kJ-molD.-80.5kJ-mol

36᪆᪗ᑖজஹঝᵨ"#$%ᵫজ+ঝX2ᓽ)⚪஺,ᫀDூᵨ2௃01230.01molL-1MOH45ḄpH10,MOH(aq)7H2so4(aq)9ᡂ1mol;<Ḅ=஻=-24.2kJ-mol@⏚7@BḄC45ḄDE=”=-57.3kJ-molT஺ᑣMOHᙠH45DᵯJḄ=஻()஺A.-69.4kJ-moF1B.-45.2kJ-moF1C.+69.4kJmor1D.+45.2kJ-mol-1᪆L⚪MMOHNOB0MOH(P)+H*(aq)-M*(aq)+H2஺পbH\=-12.1kJ-mol1জH7aq)+OH(aq)=HO(l)AH=-57.3kJ-mol-1ঝ᪷S"#$%22ᵫজTঝU0MOH(P)M7aq)+OH'(aq)AH=(-12.1+57.3)kJmor1=+45.2kJ-mol-'o,ᫀDூDEᑭᵨ"#$%WᑏEᓄZ[\]Ḅ^_`aᐜc$deḄᓄfgdeEᓄZ[\]DᔜᱥjZ[\]kᙠEᓄZ[\]DḄlm᪷SdeEᓄZ[\]DᔜᱥjḄᓄZnoᦪlmqEᓄZ[\]rsᜐᳮUᑮwxyḄzzUᑮḄEᓄZ[\]rsᑏgdeḄEEᓄZ[\]={|(E}◤⌕{|)ᓄZ[\]2•▲5▲(045ᑖᑖ0100ᑖ)Tஹ⌱⚪(⚪ᐳ7⚪⚪6ᑖᐳ42ᑖ⚪ᨵT⌱⚗ᔠ⚪M஺)1.(2011•ᓭ5)0

372Zn(s)+O2(g)=2ZnO(s)A//=-701.0kJ,mol12Hg(l)+O2(g)=2HgO(s)\H=-181.6kJmol1ᑣZn(s)+HgO(s)=ZnO(s)+Hg(l)Ḅ=”()஺A.+519.4kJ-moF1B.+259.7kJ-moLC.-259.7kJ-mol_1D.-519.4kJmoL᪆᪷S"#$%ᵫ/জ-ঝ))U0Zn(s)+HgO(s)=ZnO(s)+Hg(l)=g(-701.0kJmol1+181.6kJmol')=-259.7kJ-mol1.,ᫀC2.(2013•)᝞¢ᡠ¤3ᑡ¦§¨;cḄN)°(1)(2)A.©\পḄEᓄZ[\]A2(g)+B2(g)=C(g)=4=-QkJmol1B.©\(2)ḄEᓄZ[\]C(g)==A2(g)+B2(g)=”2=+஺2ªmol1C.0702Ḅᐵ¬0஺1>஺2D.A/7>AH)2᪆ᵫ¢ᦪS)©\(1)ḄEᓄZ[\]A(g)+B(g)=C(g)22AWi=-Q\kJ-mol)©\(2)ḄEᓄZ[\]C(g)=A(g)+B(g)22=“2=+஺2®•moL,©\(1)7©\(2)Dᱥஹ9ᡂᱥᡠ¯°ᱥj°±᝱ᙳ´N©\ᦑEḄᦪ¶·஺¸M¹º=”Ḅᜧ⌕¸Mὃ⇋ᐸ;¿·஺,ᫀC3.(2013•ÀÁÂÃ)ᓄZḄjNÄᓄZᏉḄÆÇzᓄZÈḄxᡂ஺ÉÊᓄZÈḄÈËᦪS᝞3:

38ᓄZÈH—HCl—ClH—ClÈË/(kJ-moL)436243431ᑣ3ᑡEᓄZ[\]¨;cḄN()0A.1H(g)+1ci(g)=HCl(g)22="=-9L5kJmoLB.H(g)+Cl(g)=2HCl(g)=஻=-183kJmoL22C.1H(g)+1ci(g)=HCl(g)22=”=+91.5kJ-mol-1D.2HCl(g)=H(g)+Cl(g)A//=+183kJ-mol-122᪆ᓄZḄᯚw=”=ᱥḄÈËß-9ᡂᱥḄÈËß3H2(g)+^C12(g)=HCl(g)ḄbH=(436kJmol1+243kJ,mol')/2-431kJmol1=-91.5kJ-mol1,ᡠãA⚗;cC⚗┯åæB⚗Ḅç”=-91.51

39ὅᡠঝḄ᝱ᔾᦈᦑᙠ஺2ᵨ!"#᪵ḄS02᝱Ḅᓽঞ)"#᪵Ḅ*+,-ᱥ/Ḅ0Ḅ0ᦑ15>4”67ট9⏚┛ᑖ=ᔾᦈA%>஺CaOH2O,-C"8<0,HᯠA”7>C“8஺Lᫀc5.(2013•TUVW)YZজC2H50H(g)+3O(g)=2CO(g)+3HO(g)\H='Q222XXkJ-mol-17ঝC2H50H(g)=C2H50HপC%=-஺2kJ•mol-17ঞH2O®g%0(1)C%=—஺3kJ-moF17jk23glm⏀opᐰ*+ឮsᑮuvᑣḄ(kJ)()஺A.0+9+03B.0.50—0.50+1.503C.0.5@+02+03)D.0.5g!-1.522+0.503=᪆᪷ᵫজ-ঝ+ঞX3,C2H50Hপ+302(g)=2co2(g)+3HO(1)C"=-(QQ2+3Q3)kJ-moL,ᡠ23glm⏀opᐰ*+,ឮ2sᑮuvḄ(0.50-0.502+L5°3)kJ஺LᫀB6.᝞ᡠ101kPaᙠ*+"ᡂᓄmḄᓄᑣᑡᨵᐵḄ()o¡Ꮇ£Ḅ¡¤ᱥ/243kJ,mol-1¥¥ᨬ§433¨©ª73«EA.1molHḄᓄ¡◤⌕ᔾᦈ436kJ2B.2molHC1ᑖ°Ḅᓄ¥ᡂ⌕±862kJC.²,-Ḅᓄ³´µ¶

40H(g)+Cl(g)=2HCl(g)C஻=+183kJmol22D.²,-Ḅᓄ³´µ¶1H(g)+1ci(g)=HCl(g)22C஻=-91.5kJ•mol1=᪆⚪⊤1molH—H¡◤⌕ᔾᦈ436kJ1molCl—Cl¡◤⌕ᔾᦈ243kJ1molH—Cl¥ᡂ431kJᵫ²»ZAஹB7,-H2(g)+Cb(g)=2HCl(g)Ḅ,-C”=436kJ-moL+243kJmoL-431krmoLx2=-183kJ-mol-1,ᑣ,-À(g)+7C12(g)==HCl(g)Ḅ,-C஻=ÁÂÃÄ=-91.5kJ-moL,Å,-,-C஻ÆᦑC⚗┯ÉD⚗஺LᫀC7.ÊË"!⏚Ì´SO2ᙠÍÎuÏÐᓄÑᓄSO3,YZÅ,-,-஺ÒÓ2molSO2ஹ1mol0ᐙᐭgÖ×Øᘤᐙᑖ,-Ú98.3kJ,2²ÛSOḄÜᓄ᳛50%oᑡᓄ³´µḄ()஺2A.2sCh(g)2SO(g)+O(g)22C”=+196.6kJ-moP1B.2SO(g)+O(g)2SO(g)223C"=-98.3kJ-moF1c.SO(g)+1o(g)SO(g)223C”=+98.3kJ-moF1D.SO(g)+1o(g)SO(g)223A//=-196.6kJmor1=᪆áâᧇḄஹSC)2ḄÜᓄ᳛50%»Z1molS02pᐰ,-98.3kJ,ᦑᓄ³´µSO2(g)+7O2(g)SO(g)AH=-98.3kJ-mol1,3áäᑨ⌱⚗BஹCஹDç┯7SC>2ÑᓄS03Ḅ,-ᦑS03ᑖ=Ì´ᔾ»2s03(g)2sCh(g)+02(g)+196.6kJmor1.LᫀA

41èஹé⌱ê⚪(ë⚪ᐳ4íî⚪ᐳ58ᑖ)8.(13ᑖ)(1)ᔣ1L1molL-1NaOHðlᑖñòᐭóô⏚ஹõ⏚ஹóö⏚ាøpᐰ,-Ḅᦔ-ᑖñC/ஹC%ஹC%ᑣúὅḄᜧîᐵü________________________________O(2)YZ¶Mg(s)+2HO(g)=Mg(OH)(s)+H(g)AH^-441kJ-mol-1222HO(g)=H(g)+1o2(g)C=+242kJ-mol-122Mg(s)+1o(g)=MgO(s)AH=-602kJ-moP123জÑᓄ╅ᑖ=Ḅᓄ³´µ______________________________________ঝÑᓄ╅»ÿᑺḄᨵ________________________________________________________________________________________________(ᑏᩩᓽ)஺᪆(1)⏚ᦑ⏚NaOHᨬᨬ!"⏚#$⏚ᵯ&ᔾᦑᨬ(ᡠ*AMᨬᜧ஺(2)জ᪷./012ᵫ4567486ᓄ:;<=>?@AB46ᓄ:;<=CMg(OH)(s)=MgO(s)+HO(g)\H=+81kJmol\(2)Mg(OH)ᑖḄ222EH>0,FGᔾᑖᔾᦈI*JKḼMNOḄPQRᑮTḄUᵨ஺Wᫀ(1)A“1>A"3>A"2(2)@Mg(OH)(s)=MgO(s)+HO(g)A”=+81kJ-moF1ঝZ[ᓄ╅ᑖ22⌕ᔾᦈᜧIḄ9.(14ᑖ)(2013•_`aὃ)ᙠ1ᩩdeS(s)8702(g)fghijᓄkS02(g)7S0(g)ol

42(3)16S8ᑖmᨵ86[ḄnkdkJmorl[[ḄnkekJ-mol-1,ᑣS8ᑖmḄnk0᪆(1)|ᢣḄ#1molᧇᐰ|gᡂ1[ᓄᱥ{ḄI᪷.1ᐜᑏ{Ḅᓄ:;<=S(s)+8O(g)=8SO(g),ᵫG⚪822m{Ḅ#ᢣgᡂ1molxᱥḄᦪ.Ḅᓄ:;<=kS(s)8+8O(g)=8SO(g)E஻=-8akJ•moL(3)S&ᑖmḄnk22xkJ-mol1,GᱥḄn7ABgᡂᱥḄn7ᔠ(1)C8x+8eT6d=-8a,Cx=2d-a-e.WᫀপSgম+8C)2(g)=8so2(g)AH--8akJ-mol-1(2)2SO3(g)=2SO2(g)+02(g)\H=+2bkJ,mol1(3)(2J—a—e)kJmoll10.(16ᑖ)[ᓄkḄᢈ¡ᙠ¢£ᦻ¥Ḅ¦§mᓰᨵᓝᑖª⌕Ḅᙢ¬஺®᮱mfgḄᐵ᝞eC(s)+O2(g)^=CO2(g)A//=-393.5kJmol1CO(g)+C(s)=2CO(g)E”=+172.46kJ-moP12FeO+CO—>Fe+CO23232Fe(s)+]O2(g)=Fe2O3(s)E஻=-824.21kJmol-1᪷.±☢86ᓄ:;<=³Weᑡµ⚪(1)COḄ|k!ᑏ{ᐸᓄ:;<=_________________________________________________________________0(2)®᮱ᑁFeO¸COkFeḄᓄ:;<=k23(3)ᑴ1tº96%Ḅgᡠ◤ᯖ½Ḅᳮ¿ᵨI#t,À▭gxmᡠ◤ᯖ½Â®Gᳮ¿ᵨIᐸ#஺᪆ᵫ⚪ÃজC(s)+O(g)^CO(g)22H\=-393.5kJ-mol1ঝCO2(g)+C(s)=2CO(g)E“2=+172.46kJ-mol'1

43ঞ2Fe(s)+|o2(g)=FeO(s)23E“3=-824.21kJ-mol1@CO(g)+1o(g)=CO(g)AH224ঠFe2(D3ম+3CO(g)=2Fe(s)+3CO(g)A//25᪷./012পট=g(জ-ঝ)ᡠ*E஻4=g(AM-E%)=1x(-393.5kJ-mol172.46kJ-mol_1)=-282.98kJ-molL3333(2)©=(3)-ᡠ*A^=A/!1X--AH-AWX-=-393.553233kJ-mol1X--(-824.21kJ-mof')-172.46kJ-mol1X2=-24.73kJ-mol\(3)᪷.ᓄ:;<=ðñᳮ¿òᵫ;<=CFeO~3CO~3C~2Fe2336112x1tX96%36X1tX96%x=j-j^=0.31t»Wᫀপ282.98kJmoLCO(g)+1o(g)=CO(g)AH=-282.98kJ-mol-122(2)FeO(s)+3CO(g)=2Fe(s)+3CO(g)232E”=-24.73kJ-mol-1(3)0.31ᯖ½ùᨵ¸ᐙᑖᑭᵨ(ᡈᐸýᔠᳮþÿ)11.(15ᑖ)(2013•ᔡ᪍ὃ)ஹᵊḄᙠ!"#$ᑮḄ&ᓄᱥ)*+,ᡂP4O6,ᐙ*+,ᡂP4O10஺(1)56298K+ஹ:ᐰ"#Ḅ<ᓄ=>?@ᑖABP(s,)+450(g)=P40io(s)2I”KL2983.2kJ-moF1P(s,)+(02(g)==(PQOG)I//=-738.5kJ-mol12ᑣXYZ[\ᓄBḄ<ᓄ=>?@B

44ফ56298K+):ᐰ"#Ḅ<ᓄ=>?@BPs,^+43Og
=P4Os
26AH=-1638kJmor'oᙠ_`abᘤ!dᐭ62gf50.4L&g᪗ijk^lᑴᩩopqាs:ᐰtu஺ᑣᡠ$ᑮḄPQiowPQ6ḄᱥxḄyqzBtu{?!|}Ḅ

45«+3¬ᵯ®ᓄ=ᵯ¯ᨬ±ὃ²1.³¬ᵯ®Ḅ´µ¬ᳮ஺2.ᑏ}ᵯ᩽tu@fᵯ®tu>?@஺3.³¹ºᓄ=ᵯ¯Ḅ»¼ᐸ´µ¬ᳮ஺ὃ¾¿ZÀẚIJKL⚪Mẚὃ¾L¬ᵯ®Ḅ´µ¬ᳮ¼ᐸuᵨ⁚Uᳮ1.ᭆÄÅᓄ=\ᓄBᵯḄÆÇ஺2.᪀ᡂᩩoজ¬ᵯ®tuÉÊḄ&ᓄˬtu஺ঝᨵÍÎឋ)Ḅᵯ᩽஺ঞÑᵯ᩽ÒᐭᵯxÓÔ!஺টᡂaᔠ×Ø஺3.´µ¬ᳮÙÚ¬ᵯ®BÛaᵯ^ᵯ᩽ÝÞß᩽à᩽ᵯ᩽ᩞᧇÙᱏÚᱏᵯ᩽tuZn~~2e=Zrj2Cu"+2e=Cutu»ä&ᓄtuˬtuᵯåᔣᵫZnçèéåᔣCuê᫑!ê᫑!⛳fKC1ÓÔìíᔣíᔣà᩽Cïíᔣß᩽

46¬ᵯ®tZn+Cu2+=Zn2++Cuu>?@4.¬ᵯ®¬ᳮḄuᵨ(1)ᵨôõöḄ■øpùúøḄõöᑴûµ¬ᵯ®Ḅà᩽ü$ᑮúø஺Û᝞⌕úøLþxḄÿ
⍝ᡈ᫑᫡ᵨᐸᙽᙽᵯḄ᩽஺(2)"#$ᓄ&'(Ḅ)᳛+,-./Ḅ$ᓄ&'(,12ᡂᵯ4'()᳛5ᜧ஺7᝞ᙠZn

47ᡠ¾FG□ª«⌕ᔣZ᩽஺3.<Ä⏚<ẚ⏚⏀ÈZnSOFG4জঝঞ&ÉÊᝅÌÍHIJÎᵯÏḄ³«ᫀঝ⁚OP⚪QRSὃᔣτ--------0---------.ᵯ᩽11XூÒ71௃Ô2013•×Øᓄ]9ÚMg—H2O2ᵯᵨßàQáâãäḄåæᘤ஺ºᵯ¾èzᵯpqFGÒéê᝞ë஺ºᵯ4ìᑡîZïḄ³ÔÚ஺A.Mgᵯ᩽³ºᵯḄZ᩽B.L஺2ᙠòóᵯ᩽-J$ᓄ'(C.òóᵯ᩽▬¸FGḄpH5ᜧD.FGCöᔣZ᩽Q÷øù᩽⍺3ûüÚý'(.Mg+HXMgfOH-:Z᩽rHO-b2e-=2OH—1----------------------------2p᪆Mg-H2CÚ2-èᵯP[NOÔMgÚ᩽-J$ᓄ'(rMg-2e'=Mg2',H2O2ᙠ᩽ᵯ᩽H2O2+2e-=20Hᵫᵯ!"ឋ$%&ᑣᡂOHA⚗ஹB⚗┯.&C⚗0஺ᵫ2᩽□45Mg?*89&ᑣC:ᔣ2᩽<=>⊝ᵯ₹&D┯.஺BᫀCூEF2௃2011•Jᓭ&12ᦋM᪷OPQ&PᑡᑨT"0ḄV஺

48NaClYZA.WXa"Ḅ$%pHᓣZB.WXb"C.WXa"Ḅ!2H++2ᱏ=H2tD.WXb"Ḅ!2c:2b-Cl2t᪆ᵫ⚪^ᵯ_`abc&ᵯ5defg&ᵫZnᵯ᩽hᔣFeᵯ᩽&ᑣ஺2ᙠFeᵯ᩽O2+2H2O+4e-i4OH:WXa"c(O>T)8ᜧ,$%ḄpHᓣZ஺WXb"&ZnkᓄZn-2e'^=Zn2'.BᫀAூ?@ᢈᵯ_ஹ2᩽ᑨTḄ“nopq”⁚©⚪ᓣ1.Pᑡᨵᐵᵯ_ḄᑨT"0ḄV()oA.vw"ᵯ_Ḅ2᩽B.ᵯ_Ḅஹ2᩽ᩞᧇz{|}~C.ᵯ_Ḅ᩽ᙠᵯ{8D.ᵯ_Ḅ᩽Vᵯ5hḄ᩽᪆ᵯ_Ḅ2᩽kᓄ&A┯.ᵯ_Ḅஹ2᩽ᩞᧇz{|}~&B0ᵯ_Ḅ᩽ᙠᵯz{8&C┯.ᵯ_

49Ḅ2᩽Vᵯ5hḄ᩽&D┯.஺BᫀB2.Pᑡᐵ᝞Q`aḄ0ḄV
oᵨNaClYZ\]Ḅឋ`abTNaClYZḄcd\fgYA.`aᵯh⊤"ᨵᵯheB.V᩽C.!4A1+30+6HO=4A1OH
223D.ᵯ5h&dᵯh⊤ஹឋஹᑮ᪆Voᵫஹឋஹᓄ$%ᡂḄᵯ_`a&!2᩽;ᵯh⊤"ᨵᵯheᵯ5zᙠᵯ$%"<=஺BᫀC3.2013ᐰ¡¢᪗I,10
¤ᘤ¦§¨⊤☢ª⌲¬®&Vᡂ¯Ag2sḄ°ᦑ&᪷Oᵯᓄ²ᳮb´µ᝞Pᜐᳮ&ᙠ·ᘤ"ᐭ¹º$%&»¼®Ḅ¤ᘤ½ᐭ$%"&¾¿ÀÁ®⁐ªÃÄ&Pᑡ0ḄV
oA.ᜐᳮeÅ"¤ᘤÆÇᢝឤÊB.¤ᘤ!᩽&Ag2sËᡂᓫ¤C.eÅ"!2A1+3AgS=6Ag+A1S223D.®⁐ÃÄḄÍV®⁐Ag2sÎᓄ!Ï⁐AgCl᪆Ð⚪⌕ÒÓÔᵨ“ᵯᓄ²ᳮ”oᐵÖ×&ᵫ⚪ØÙÚbcAgஹAL¹º$%᪀ᡂᵯ_&Ag2sVkᓄᑺ&w᩽&ᡂ¤ᓫ&B⚗0&A⚗┯.஺C⚗ÝÞ¯AI2S3ᙠß$%"ßàáâ´&0ḄãÅä!2A1+3Ag2s+6HO=6Ag+2A1OH
+3H2st஺D⚗"23ᨵᓄᔠæḄᓄ&zçᔠᵯᓄ²ᳮ஺BᫀB

50ூDEᵯ᩽äèᑏḄêoëìIᑡᱥII᪗îᜫIᢥ᯿2᩽kᓄ&᩽,ᑨTᵯ᩽ᱥòóᱥ&ôîᜫᵯ5Ḅᦪ஺Iö÷᛻IùúûឤIᵯ᩽óᱥᙠᵯ$%Ḅ÷᛻"&ü{ýᙠ&᝞þឋÿ
ᡂḄHᐸᔠ0Hᡂ஺ᵯ᩽⌕⍳ᵯ₹ឤឤஹᜫᵯឤ!஺|#||$%|—#ᵯ᩽'(%)*+,᯿$.஺ὃ01ᓄ3ᵯ4Ḅ56789:ᳮ⁚Uᳮ1.ᑖ6TklᵯmHnopᵯm-ᓄ
■I0lᵯmTqrᵯmᵯiL-IsᧇᵯmHuvsᧇᵯm2.=>ᵯ?@AឋC═Eᵯ?FGHAឋC═Eᵯ?Ḅ89:ᳮ᝞JK{᩽BZn,ᵯ᩽|}Zn+2OH-2e-ZnBOH#2——?H᩽Q,ᵯ᩽|}Ḅᱥ2MnO2+2H2$+2e-=2MnOOH+2OH—MnO2%}-wx᜜zZn+2MnO,+2H2O=2MnOOH+Zn(OH)23.1>ᵯ?@LMᵯ?FGH

51HSO(aq)4PbO|᩽)Pb({᩽)(1)QᵯRḄKজT᩽KPb+SO/-(aq)—2e--PbSO4(s)ঝc᩽KPbC)2(s)+4H+(aq)+SOJ(aq)+2e=PbSOi(s)+2H20পঞ%KPb(s)+PbO2(s)+2HSO(aq)=2PbSO(s)+2HO(1)஺2442(2)ᐙᵯRḄKজ▢᩽KPbSO4(s)+2e--Pb(s)+SO42-(aq)ঝ□᩽KPbSC)4ম+2H9প-2e=PbO?ম+Rs)+SO/-ᵫ)ঞ%K2PbSO(s)+2H2(Xl)=Pbম+PbO(s)+2HSO(aq)஺42244.xᧇᵯ?z{xᧇᵯ?|}~ᨬᡂḄxᧇᵯ?ᑖ⏚ឋAឋ#5஺56⏚ឋAឋT᩽2H2—4e==4H2H+4OH--4e-=4HO22O2+4e-+4H+=c᩽0+2HO+4e-=4OH-22H0zᵯ?%2H+O=2HO222ὃ1.@1Hz{xᧇᵯ?KOH9ᵯR89=RᵯḄ,ḄpH@“”ஹ“ᜧ”ᡈ“”Hফz{xᧇᵯ?H2so49ᵯR89=RᵯḄḄpH஺@“”ஹ“ᜧ”ᡈ“”Hᫀ@1H@2Hᜧ2.ᵬ¢xᧇᵯ?FGᩭᑖ᪆ᙠ¦Ḅ§᛻©ᵯ᩽Ḅªᑏ*¬K@1H⏚ឋᩩ®xᧇᵯ?%KCH4+2O2=CO2+2¯0জxᧇᵯ?c᩽KCh+4H*+4e-=2H2஺ঝ

52জ-ঝX2,xᧇᵯ?T᩽K஺(2)Aឋᩩ®xᧇᵯ?%KCH+20+2NaOH²Na2c஺3+3H2஺জ42xᧇᵯ?c᩽KO2+2H2O+4e-=4OH-ঝজ=ঝX2,xᧇᵯ?T᩽K஺(3)´µᵯ(¶·©¸¹º஺2=)xᧇᵯ?%KCH+2O=CO+2H2஺জ422xᧇᵯ?c᩽K02+45=202-ঝজ=ঝX2,xᧇᵯ?T᩽Ko(4)ᰚ¼½⏚¾(᝞Kᰚ¼K2c஺3)§᛻©ᵯ?%KCH4+2O2=CO2+2¯0জc᩽ᵯ᩽KO2+2CO2+4e-²2co3?-ঝজ-ঝX2,xᧇᵯ?T᩽K_____________________________________ᫀ(1)CH-8e-+2HO=CO+8H+422(2)CH4+1OOH--8e~=CO2-+7HO32(3)CH+4C)2==8e-=CO+2HO422(4)CH+4CO2--8e-=5CO+2HO4322⁚⚪ὃᔣr------------ẚÁLᵯ᩽-ÂUCI—KCI=┛ᵯ᩽=ᵯ?ᐙூÅG3௃(2013•ÈÉᳮÊ10)ËÌÍᵯ?ᵨ9ÏÐஹºÑḄ89ᵯ4஺=5ËÌÍᵯ?ḄÒÓ᪀᝞JᡠÅᐸ
9FᵯḄÂLiCl—KC1ÖᔠᱥØËᰚ¼ᵯ?ᓽÚÛÜᵯ¸஺Ýᵯ?%FKPbSO+2LiCl+Ca=CaCl+Li2so4+Pb஺42©ᑡᨵᐵá¬câḄ|()஺A.c᩽KCa+2C1_2e=CaC12B.Qᵯã+
Li+ᔣT᩽åæ

53C.çèå0.1molᵯᳮéêᡂ20.7gPbD.ë·RᙠcT᩽ìêᵯí⊤ᡈïíðᢣ┐óèô3õ⚪—ØËᰚ¼=÷øᵫåæ)=᪀ᡂ:ᵯ?=÷ᵯí—ë·=Âøᵫåæ)=¸᪀ᡂ:ᵯ?f÷ᵯí᪆c᩽ᑮᵯûü:A┯þÿᵯᵯ□ᔣ᩽B┯0.1molᵯ᪷ᵯឤᡂ0.05molPb,10.35g,C┯ᵯ!ᰚ#$ᡂ%ᵫ'Ḅᡠ*!+ᵯᦑᢣ┐/D0஺2ᫀDூ564௃প[2013•;<11(4)]*A1=NiO(OH)ᵯ᩽NaOH>?ᵯ?@ᡂABCDᵯᵯNiO(OH)ᓄNi(OH)2GᵯHḄᓄIJKLM஺(2)[2012•Nᓭ13(4)]ᨴQARSTᧇᵯMABVឋᵯGᵯᵯX᩽ḄHL஺(3)[2012•YZ28ম]ᑭᵨH2CU+O2+2H2so4=2CUSO4+2H2஺^ᑴᜓCuSO4,abGHcdᵯᐸ᩽ᵯ᩽HL᪆(1)ᵫhNaOH>?Ḅiᙠ,A1lmᓄᡂNaAlChnMᡂA1(OH),3ᦑᵯHḄᓄIJKLoAl+3NiO(OH)+NaOH+H0=NaA10+223Ni(OH)2஺(2)GTᧇᵯpN2H4ᙠX᩽qmᓄHᐸᵯ᩽HLN2H4+4OH-4e'=4HO+Nt,(3)ᵯHḄrJKL2Cu+Ch+4H*=2஺s++222H2஺X᩽ᵯ᩽HL2Cu-4e-==2Cu2,bᵯHḄrJKLuX᩽ᵯ᩽HLvwx᩽ᵯ᩽HLo+஺2+4e-=2H2஺஺2ᫀ(1)A1+3NiO(OH)+NaOH+H0=NaA10+3Ni(OH)222ফN2H4+4OH--4e-=4H2O+N2t(3)4H^+O+4e-=2HO22

54⁚©⚪ᓣ1.2013zᓭ{|}ᨵABCDTᧇᵯᵨᙽᔾ▬SḄNᵯ᩽ᐭKOH>?pᯠᔣ᩽ᑖᐭCR=஺2,ᐸᵯ᩽HX᩽oCH+1OOH--8e-=CO2_+7HOY᩽o2H20+஺2+4/=4OHᑡ432p┯ḄM
oA.ᐭᵬḄA᩽ᵯḄX᩽B.ᵯAᵯ>?pKOHḄᱥḄC.ᙠ᪗ᐭ5.6LmSᐰHᨵ1molᵯqD.ᵯ1molᵬᙠX᩽Hᨵ2moimSᙠY᩽H᪆ᵫ⚪¢£ᵯrHCH+20+2OH'=CO2-+3HO,H¤K4232p¥ὑOH,ᦑKOHḄᱥḄw§⌱B஺2ᫀB2.2013•ᐰ©Cª᪗ᳮ¬II,11
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o|-I+NaAlCL—³´Ni/NiCl_3µ¾+ߟ?µ_ÁÂAA.ᵯHpᨵNaClᡂB.ᵯḄrHMµÃÄÅÆC.᩽HNiC12+2L==Ni+2CÇD.µ¤µ+ᙠᵯ᩽'᪆GᵯrHo2Na+NiCL==2NaCl+Ni,ÈÉᨵNaClᡂA⚗0ᵯrHNaÃNi2"B⚗┯᩽NiCLqÃHoNiCl+2e-=Ni+2Cl,C⚗0µ¤µ+ᵫX᩽ᔣ᩽,2

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664Ḅ56ឋᵯ9:-.(4)|}~Ḅbᙠ%᧕ᵯᓄῖ⇨%Ḅῖ⇨஺■_ῖ⇨$fbᙠmḄZnᙽ$ᡈ⏚ᵯ#᪵ḄᵯpḄ(S“(”ᡈ“2”)᩽஺7᪆(2)ᔠJᚁᡈMNO◤⌕$ᦑ;ᵯ#ᵯ$ᓽPᵯ᩽(᩽$NiOOH+H2O+e--Ni(OH)2+OH\ᦑPᵯ᩽ᕜR94ḄpHUᜧ஺(3)ᵯ7#Ḅ▢᩽;$ᓽ2H++2e-==H2t஺sᵯ#%ᨵ1molvwὑOᨵ2moiᵯ¡$᪷Cᵯ¢ឤe¤CROḄᳮyz{144g஺(4)bᙠ%ᔾ¦ῖ⇨$eᑭᵨ¨ᱨ□᩽▢᩽«¬ᡈ᜜Mᵯp▢᩽«¬■ᐸvῖ⇨஺25¯ᫀ(1)CH(s(l)+yO(g)=8CO(g)+9HO(g)A//=-5121.9kJ-moP18222(2)UᜧNiOOH+H0+e-=Ni(OH)+OH-22(3)2H++2e-=H1144(4)ᔾ¦22±O4u7#ஹ+,Ḅᵯᓄῖ⇨■¬ᨬ³ὃµ1.¶7ᵯ7#Ḅ·o;ᳮ஺2.¹ᑏ»ᵯ᩽¼ᵯ#஺3.ᳮ7+,ᵯᓄῖ⇨Ḅ;½ஹ+,ῖ⇨Ḅᓻ¿ஹ■+,ῖ⇨ḄÀÁ஺ὃÂ-ÄÅÆẚÈÉÊ⚪ÌÆẚὃÂᵯ7;ᳮ⁚Uᳮ1.ᵯ7ᙠᵯoᵨÍ$ᵯ78ᙠÎÏᵯ᩽JᑖЦᓄ¼;Ḅg஺

672.¹{ᓄᵯ¹ᓄᓄ¹஺3.ᵯ7#(1)᪀ᡂᩩÓজᨵᵯÕḄÎÏᵯ᩽஺ঝᵯ7894(ᡈᰚØÙ)஺ঞÛᡂÜᔠÝÞ஺(2)ᵯ᩽ßàáᵯ᩽(᝞?)ᵯ᩽89}□᩽ᵯ᩽8}▢᩽}*ᓄᴑ}ᵯ᩽|}ᵯ᩽|}Cu"+2Fe3+>Cu2+>H+(^)>Fe2+>Zn2+>H+(zK)>Al3+>Mg2+>Na+>Ca2+>K+0□᩽äìíᵯ᩽ᑁ?->>8>஺->01<>⏚᪷জ▢᩽ᩞᧇᵯ᩽(ᡈᰚ#ᵯ$%)'Ḅ□*ᵯ஺ঝᵯ$,-*ᵯ./'H\OPT01Ḅ234*ᵯ஺(4)ᑖ᪆ᵯ᩽ᑨ8ᵯ᩽9ᱥᑏ<ᵯ᩽=⌕⍳@ABឤDᵯ₹Bឤ஺(5)ᨬ1ᑏ<ᵯ$ḄGᓄIJK=ᡈJK=஺

68MNOὃ1.ᵯ$-ᵯQRᵯ$%ᔩTUᫀᵯ$%Qᵯᵯ$-ᙠ᜜ᵯY'ᨵᵯQR[ᵯ$%'\☠^ᔣ`abᡂdᵯe஺2.ᵯ$%fᵯ-^gᨵᓄIhiᔩTUᫀ^ᨵᓄIhijkᙠᵯ$lḄm᩽ᨵᵯn`hidᓄoAiᡂdpᱥ%ᡠr^ᨵᓄIhi஺3.ᢥ⌕tuᑏᨵᐵḄᵯ᩽=wGJK=஺পᵨzឋᵯ᩽ᵯ$AgN03|□᩽=}▢᩽=;GJK=஺(2)ᵨzឋᵯ᩽ᵯ$MgCb□᩽=;▢᩽=;GJK=஺(3)ᵨᵯ᩽ᵯ$NaCl□᩽=;▢᩽=;GᓄIJK=஺(4)ᵨᵯ᩽ᵯ$⏚□᩽=}▢᩽=}GJK=஺Uᫀ(l)4OH--4e-=Ot+2HO224Ag'+4e—^=4Ag4Ag++2HO=M=4Ag+0t+4H+22(2)2Cr-2e-=Clt2H++2e-=Ht22Mg2++2CI-+2HO=M=Mg(OH)I+C1t+Ht2222

69(3)Fe—2e^=^Fe2*2H*+2e-=H2tFe+2HO=^^Fe(OH)+Ht222(4)Cu—2e-^=Cu212H1+2e==H2tCU+2H+=^^CU2++Ht2⁚⚪ὃᔣூ1௃2013•ᳮ11ᵯ$᝞¢ᡠᵯ$£ᑁᨵKIw§¨'©ᵨ▢ªᣚ¬◞®஺ᙠ^Ḅᵯ¯°Qᵯh±²³´µ⁐,¸-©1µ⁐⌲º´»஺¼½|3I+6OH-=IO3_+5r+3HO22°ᑡÃÄÅÆḄ஺A.ɳhiḄᵯ᩽=|2H2O+2L=H2t+2OH-B.ᵯ$ÌÍ-ɳ'1஺3C.ᵯ$£ᑁhiḄGᓄIJK=|KI+3H2஺ᳮÎKIO3+3H2tD.᝞Ðᵨ□ªᣚ¬ÑÒ▢ªᣚ¬ᵯ$£ᑁhiḄGᓄI´ÓIÔ⚪Ô⚪Ö:²³k□᩽:21-2e=l2জ²³´µ=ீɳk▢᩽:l2H?O+2e-=H2t+2O1Tঝ▢ªᣚ¬ᵯ■ಗOH-Þᐭ²³hi3I+6OH-=IO-+5I-+233H2஺àá11஺3Þᐭɳ஺Ô⌱⚗|□ªᣚ¬ÑÒ▢ªᣚ¬m᩽9iḄOHDbåÄÞæçè஺$᪆²³´µÃé²³□᩽ᙠ□᩽*ᵯêᓄiᡂ12j[ɳ

70▢᩽ëì,ᵯḄH.*ᵯêoAiᡂH,ᐸᵯ᩽k2H2஺+212=Ht+20H,A⚗ÅÆ}OH-QR▢ªᣚ¬Þᐭ²³4biᡂ21஺31஺3-îQR▢ªᣚ¬ÞᐭɳB⚗ÅÆ}ᵯ$KIḄRKhi᝞°mï|জ2+2ð0^^2+2OH-+Ht2ঝ312+6OH-=IO-+51+3HO32জX3+ঝᓽòGJK=C⚗ÅÆ}᝞Ðó▢ªᣚ¬ᣚᡂ□ªᣚ¬,▢᩽9iḄOHóìᑮõ□᩽öb4OPåÄiᡂ1஺3j[D⚗┯஺UᫀD[2][2012•ùúᳮ29(3)]ûüýþÿᵨᵯᓄ◀ᱥḄᳮ᝞஺পᵯḄ᩽(“A”ᡈ"B”)o(2)□᩽#$%Ḅ&'()ஹo(3)ᵯ+,-.▢᩽#01ḄpH2ᵯ+3456789᩽ᐳᦈ<ᑮ>?13.44L(᪗ABC)ᑣ◀Ḅg(Gᶍ>?Ḅ0+)஺+᪆(1)ᵫKL%CbḄM᩽□᩽ᑣAN᩽B᩽஺(2)□᩽#$%&'2cO-2e--02t஺ᵫᱥCO2ஹ2LCO(NH2)2ᙠQ#RSᓄCO(NH)2ߟ>CO+N,$%T&'ḄCb஺ᦑVWCO(NH2)2+3Cb222+HO=N+CO+6HCL(3)▢᩽#2H'+2e-=H2t஺□᩽#%ḄH*222XYZ[\ᣚ^_ᐭ▢᩽#abc▢᩽#H,defᢝhi஺pH2ᵯ+34B44I5hi஺9᩽ᐳᦈ<ᑮḄ>?஻(>?)=l"᧖j~T=0.6mol22.4L,mol(N+CO□᩽)o3H2▢᩽o6eOoCO(NH2)2225mol60g

710.6mol7«[CO(NH)2]260gX0.6molm[CO(NH)]=&-=7.2g225molpᫀ1
B(2)2Cr-2e-=CltCO(NH)+3C1+HO==N+C0+6HC12222222বhi7.2ூDE]ᵯ᩽&'WḄsᑏ——“wᑨw᪆Mᑏ”[জᑨ|▢□᩽ঝᑨ|ᵯ᩽ᩞᧇឋᵯ᩽Tᵯ᩽জᑖ᪆01[Ḅw᪆,.ঝᑖ᪆[Ḅᵯᔆ᪷ᵯ᩽ᱥᙠ᛻ᑏᵯ᩽&'W⁚©⚪<=>?@ᓣ1.2013•ᓅᳮ9
ᵨlᵯ᩽ᵯ+CuCb01஺ᑡᑖ᪆N¡Ḅ஺A.a¢£¤ᵯḄ᩽B.XᵯcCuCb$%ᵯC.□᩽¥$%Ḅ&'¦Cu2++2e-=CuD.XᵯM•§¨.ᙠ▢᩽▬ª«¬ᑮ®⁐>?+᪆A⚗C/*¤ᔣᵯ+²Ḅ▢᩽Kᑨ|a᩽ᵯḄ᩽N¡7B⚗,

72CuCbḄᵯ2Xᵯ¶ᐵ┯¹7C⚗□᩽¥$%Ḅ&'2cO-21MCI2t,┯¹7D⚗Xᵯ.Cb'ᙠ□᩽%ᡂ┯¹஺pᫀA2.2012•Äᓭᓄ3ᑡᔜÈÉᵯ+Z01ᵯ+¨Ê%ᡂË>ÌS>Ḅ=A.HC1ஹCuCbஹBaOHB.NaOHஹC11SO4ஹH2sO42C.NaOHஹH2so4ஹBaOHD.NaBrஹH2so4ஹBaOH22+᪆ᵯ+Z01ᵯ+¨Ê%ᡂS>ÌË>4×Øᵯ+Ù᪷ᵯ+¨[Ḅᵯ×ᵯ+Ú⏚ஹÚÜஹÝÞßS⏚àḄ01¨ᙳ4×Øᵯ+Ù஺pᫀC3.2013•âãä᪥ὶὃèSMÚSᓄᑺêᵨØëìஹíîï஺஺3KᵫèS$%ᘤᳮ᝞ᵯ+ñò⏚ᑴô஺প▢᩽“A”ᡈ"B”ᐸᵯ᩽&'Wফ8CᜐXᐭ஺2,ᑣA᩽Ḅᵯ᩽&'W038CᜐhXᐭ஺2,DஹEᜐᑖùᦈ<ᑮxLÌyL>?᪗ABCᑣEᜐᦈ<Ḅ>?ᡠᓰḄ?ÿᑖᦪoᶍ03Ḅᑖ᪆ᵯᱯឋᵯ᩽B!"#$᩽ᜫ&ᵯ'(ᓄ*+,□᩽ᑣᱯឋᵯ᩽A▢᩽1ᵯ'(23*+ᵯ᩽*+42H*+2e--H2t<=>CᜐAᐭ!!CDE*+▢᩽ᡂḄCGHᵯ᩽*+4O2+4H*+45=2M0

73ফO2+4H++4e-02H2஺(3)(x-2y)/yூ2ᵨhឋᵯ᩽ᵯᵯijkḄlm"noᵯiᵯᵯilmᵯ᩽*+ᱯpqrpHjkstuvw3▢x2H++2e"=Ht(ᡈ2HONaOHH{ᜧ{ᜧ}H22+2e~^=2OH"+ᵯHt)2Hm□x4OH--4e-H2so4H{ᜧ~}H^=2z0+஺2t(ᡈ2HO-4e-2Na2so4H{ᜧ}H=4H++Ot)2AᵯᵯiᵯḄHClᵯi~{ᜧᓄᵯ▢ஹ□'ᑖᙠ/}im᩽ᵯCuCl2ᵯi~ᓄ▢᩽xz0HzH2ᵯiᡂANaCl{ᜧ□᩽xᵯi▢"Hᵯiᓄm'ᵯ▢᩽xᵯi□}஺2'ᵯᵯiᡂᓄ⏚CuSO~4□᩽xz0஺2"Hᵯiᡈm⏚⏚

74ὃpᵯ3ᳮḄ+ᵨ⁚uᳮ1.(1)ᭆxᵨᵯ⛳"NaCljkḄᩭᑴNaOHஹ¡"¢£h¤¥3ᧇ§¨ᑡᓄªḄ«஺(2)3ᳮ"□᩽(C)x2c®§2§Cbt(ᓄ*+)°▢᩽(Fe)x2H++2e——t(23*+)ஹ³*+x2NaCl+2H2஺⍳µ2NaOH+H2t+Cbt2.Ḅᵯ¶·(1)ᵯ᩽*+Cu-2e==Cu2+ᵯ᩽*Zn—2e-==Zn2□᩽(ᵯ᩽ᩞᧇ¼)x+4°Fe-2e==Fe2~,

75ᵯ᩽*+x□᩽x6O2--12e-=3Ot,▢᩽x4Al3++12e-=4AL2(3)×·╅xMgCb(ᰚÚ)æmMg+CLtᵯ᩽*+x□᩽x2c®§2e^=Cbt,▢᩽xM/'+2e-=Mg஺èéêὃ1.᝞ìíîᵯNaCljkḄᱥïcᫀ□᩽ᱥCbðhᵨñòḄóô§KI÷øíî▢᩽ᱥH2ðhAùpúíîNaOHðhᵨû⏙÷ᑺíî஺2.CuḄ23ឋzHþÿᔲ
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76ᑡK?Ḅn()oA.ᙠ▢᩽¢!£¤Ḅᵯ᩽*+,72H2O+2e-==2OIT+H2tB.ᙠ□᩽¢!¥ᵯ¦uv⌲¨ᵫª⁐q,¬⁐!n,□᩽®H+¯°jᜧ,²⊝2CrO2-+2H+CrO2-+HOᔣµ¶·4272C.¸ᑴᜓ¹54*+Ḅᓄs56,74KCrO+4HO^^2KCrO7+242224KoH+2H2t+0t2D.º□᩽vKNCrḄ»i!¼K½CrḄᱥhḄi¾¿(஻K/஻cr),d,ᑣÂRÃ⏚Ḅpᓄ᳛,1—ÅÆÇÈÉপ᪷\_ËᵯÌÍ⎀®-□᩽72H2O-4eÏ==4H*+O2l.▢᩽74H?0+4e=40H+2H?tফ□᩽c(H+)jᜧÑ⎃2CrO4-+2H*CrO2+H0Ó¶272(3)Ô*+Õk]4*+56஺᪆×Ø!▢᩽*+,74HO+4e==4OH+2Ht,□᩽*+22,72H20-41=4b+஺2t,□᩽¢OIFËᵯ!w~H,¯°jᜧ!²⊝2CrO2+2H+CnCj+&0µ¶,ÙÚᙠ□᩽®]ᑮKaCnCh!ᦑAஹBஹ4C?஺D⚗!Fᨬà□᩽¢ḄK2C1O4,1mol,¥ᵯ¦pᓄḄK2CrC)4,r2—dxmol,á⚪ᨵ2(1-x)+X2=JX1,x=2-1/,KzCrCUḄpᓄ᳛,7--j-X100%,ᦑD⚗┯@஺ᫀDå⏚euv[4][2012•çè᪗ᐰëᔁ!36(3)]íeḄᵯcd᝞µᡠ஺ᙠíeḄᵯ¹5!íeï+nᵯ᩽(ðḄñò)óᙠᵯ᩽dô£¤Ḅᵯ᩽*+6,ó¼íe»ᨵAuஹAgஹ

77Fe,õöᙠᵯ÷Ḅøᙠù6Nú,஺᪆ᵯcdR!íeû□᩽!üeû▢᩽!CuSCý4uvûᵯv!¿eþÿḄ
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78D⚗╄iẚzM᪀ᡂ5ᵯoi᩽ῖ⇨MᦑD┯஺-ᫀC3.2013•¢£ᳮ¤11
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102(\)ᵯ]ᵯ᩽896_891.`?aᵯ](b᩽?A1,c᩽?Ni,ᵯdI?NaCleIஹ஺2)b᩽O4A1—12b^=4A1”gc᩽O3C)2+6H2O+12e=120Hg_89O4A1+3O2+6H2O=4A1(OH)”2.╅?`ᵯ](b᩽?Al,c᩽?Mg,ᵯdI?KOHeI)b᩽O2Al+8OH--6e--2AlO2-+4H2஺gc᩽O6H?0+6-—3H2t+6OHg_89ZiO2A1+2OIT+2H2O=2A1Oj+3H?t஺3.┞ᵯ](b᩽?Li,c᩽?lmnᵯdI?LiAlCL—SOCb)#$ᵯ]_89O4Li+2SOCl=SOt+4LiCl+S22o4ᑏcஹb᩽89Ob᩽O4Li-4e=^=4Li.gc᩽O2soeb+4e--SO2t+SS4C1n4.o?aᵯ](b᩽?Fe,c᩽?NiChnᵯdI?KOHeI)p,qᵯ#$Fe+NiO,+2HOFe(OH)+Ni(OH),ᑣO222ᐙᵯb᩽OFe—2e-+2OIT=Fe(0H)2Oc᩽ONiO2+2H?O+2e=Ni(OH)2+2OH,▢᩽OFe(0H”+2e=Fe+20H+g□᩽ONi(OH)z—2e+20FF-NQ+2H2O஺5.voᵯ](b᩽?Zn,c᩽?lmnᵯdwxyzḄ{᝱}ឋᱥw)qᵯ,,A#$O3Zn+2K2FeO4+8H,O_3Zn(OH)+2Fe(OH)+4K0H,ᑣ:23ᐙᵯb᩽O3Zn—6b+6OEr=3Zn(OH)2Oc᩽O2FeO+6b+8H2O=2Fe(OH+1OOH,▢᩽O3Zn(OHb+6e=3Zn+6OH?g□᩽O2Fe(0H,—6e+10OH=2FeO42-+8H2஺஺

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ᵯdweIKOHeI}ឋᵯdwb᩽O2H~4e-+4OH~=4HOgzZc᩽OO2+2H?O+4e=4OH—g_89O2H2+஺2=20஺2
ᵯdweIH2s஺4eI⏚ឋᵯdwb᩽O2H4b=4H”gc᩽OO2~l-4H++4e-=2H2Og_89O2H2+஺2=20஺3
ᵯdweINaCleIឋᵯdwb᩽O2H?—^=41gc᩽O02+20+4b=40g_89O2H2+02=2%0஺7.ᵬᧇᵯ]x᩽ஹc᩽ᐭ஺26C02ஹb᩽ᐭᵬஹᵯdIᨵপᵯdwᰚ⏚K2c஺3ᡈNa2c஺3c᩽O2஺2+8b+4co2=4COa"Ob᩽OCH4-8e+4coJ--5CO2+2H?Og_89OCH&+202=9+2%0஺2
⏚ឋᵯdwᵯdIxH2sCUeIc᩽O202+8€?+81^-=40gb᩽O2-85+2H2O=CC2+8H+g_89O2+202=9+20஺3
}ឋᵯdwx᩽ஹᵯdIxK0HeIc᩽O2C2+8e+4H2O=8OH஺b᩽OCH4—8e+]0OH-=CO32-+7HQ_89O2+2஺2+2011-=8+30஺8.ᵬ⏣ᧇᵯ]1
}ឋᵯdwx᩽ஹᵯdIxK0HeIc᩽O3O,+12e+6H2O=12OH-g

104b᩽O2cHaOH-12e+16OH=2C0+12H2Og_89O2CHaOH+3O2+4KOH=2K2co3+6H2O஺(2)⏚ឋᵯdw(x᩽ஹᵯdIxH2s஺4eI)c᩽O302+125+121=60gb᩽O2cH3OH-12e++2H2஺=12+2co2g_89O2cH3OH+3O202co2+0஺()ᵯd]ᵯ᩽896_891.ᵨ¢ឋᵯ᩽ᵯd£ᑡeI(l)NaCleI▢᩽O2H*+2b=t;□᩽O2Cr-2e-=Cht;ᵯd_89O2NaCl+2H2஺?2NaOH+Hzt+Cbt஺(2)CuSO4eI▢᩽O2C+++4e=2Cug□᩽O40H-4e-=2H2O+O?t;ᵯd_89O2CuSOg+2H2O^=2Cu+2H2so4+O2t஺2.ᵨ¢ឋᵯ᩽ᵯd£ᑡᰚ᝱ᱥw(l)MgCl2□᩽O2c+?2e-=Cbt;▢᩽OMg21+2e~^=Mggᵯd_89OMgCbCᰚ),Mg+Cbt஺ফAI2O3□᩽O6஺2??12'=302t;▢᩽O4Al3'+12e~=4Algᵯd_89O2Al2஺3(ᰚ)■,4A1+3஺2t03.ᵨ¯ᵯ᩽ᵯd£ᑡeI(1)H2s஺4eI▢᩽O2H++2e-H'tg

105□᩽OCu~2e^^=Cu2+gᵯd_89OCu+H2so4^=CUSO&+H2t஺(2)Na0HeI▢᩽O2H20+2²=t+20H/□᩽OCu-2e-+2OH-=Cu(OHbOᵯd_89OCu+2H2஺?C+OHb+H?t஺4.ᵨAl¯ᵯ᩽ᵯd£ᑡeI(1)H2s஺4eI▢᩽O6H++6ᱏ=3H2t;□᩽O2Al-6e-=2Al^;ᵯd_89O2AI+3H2SO4^^=A12(SO4)a+3H2S஺(2)NaOHeI▢᩽O6H20+6e=3HOt+6OHg□᩽O2Al-6e~+80H-=2A10?~+4HOg2ᵯd_89O2A1+2Hz0+2Na0H^=2NaA102+3H2t஺