山东省德州市第一中学2022-2023学年高二上学期1月期末考试英语Word版

《山东省德州市第一中学2022-2023学年高二上学期1月期末考试英语Word版》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

2021级期末线上测试英语试题第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoesthemanplantogothisyear?A.Europe.B.Asia.C.SouthAmerica.2.此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Cleanthefloor.B.SitinRow5.C.Dropglassbottles.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Shewantstogoswimming.B.Sheisbusywithherproject.C.Shewillhaveatesttomorrow.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Getasparekey.B.Borrowsomebooks.C.Helphisneighbor.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】HowmanypeoplewillvisitLondonforfree?A.2.B.3.C.4.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】-12-

16.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inashop.B.Atanexhibition.C.Attheman’shouse.7.WhichpicturewaspaintedbyGeorgeAnderson?A.TheSummerFlowers.B.TheSwissMountains.C.TheLovelyWindows.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whydoesthemanfeelsorry?A.Hedidn’tkeepanappointment.BHecan’tlookafterhismother.C.Heistoobusytogotohospital.9.What’sthewoman’sattitudetowardtheman?A.Sorry.B.Understanding.C.Thankful.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.Whatistheproblemwiththewoman’swatch?A.Itneedsanewbattery.B.Itisruinedbywater.C.Itneedscleaning.11.Whatdoesthestoreofferifonechangesabatterythere?A.Anextrabattery.B.Aone-yearguarantee.C.Freecleaningservice.12.Whycan’tthewomangetherwatchbackrightaway?A.Thestorewillclosesoon.B.Shehasn’tgotenoughmoney.C.Themanisverybusynow.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.Whomightthespeakersbe?A.Policeofficers.B.Observers.C.Passengers.14.Whatdidtheoldladysay?A.Shedidn’tseeanything.B.Thetrafficlightsbrokedown.C.Theredcarwasdrivingveryfast.15.Whatwerethekidsdoingwhentheaccidenthappened?-12-

2A.Crossingthestreet.B.Playingintheirfrontyard.C.Standingonthestreetcorner.16.WhatcausedtheaccidentaccordingtoMr.Bates?A.Theredcar.B.Thedog.C.Thebluecar.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whendoesthevolleyballclubmeet?A.OnThursdayevening.B.OnSundaymorning.C.OnSundayevening.18.Atwhattimedoesthemeetingfinish?A.7:30.B.9:30.C.10:00.19.Whatisthe£30usedfor?A.Heating.B.Hallrental.C.Sweaters.20.Whydoesthespeakerleavethismessage?A.Toarrangeaweeklymeeting.B.Torecommendasportsprogramme.C.ToanswerMarcoTaylor’squestions.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)ATheMELinCleanEnergyEngineeringProgramTheMasterofEngineeringLeadership(MEL)inCleanEnergyEngineeringisaprofessionaldegreeforengineerswhowanttostandoutanddriveinnovationinthefieldofcleanenergy.Thismaster’sprogramcombinesgraduate-levelengineeringcourseswithUBCSauder’sRobertH.LeeGraduateSchoolcourses,givingyoutheskillsandconfidencetotakeyourcareerinnewdirections.Governmentsandindustryareadvancingtheshifttosustainableenergysolutions.Leadingorganizationsareseekingcleanenergyexpertswhohavethetechnicalunderstandingtodevelopinnovativesolutionsthatminimizeenvironmentalimpact.They’realsolookingforindividualswhohavethebusinessinsighttoleadteamsandguidechange.ChooseEngineeringandBusinessTheMELinCleanEnergyEngineeringprogramoffersauniquecombinationoftechnicalandbusinessclasses,-12-

3givingyouthestrategicskillstoplayaleadingroleinforward-thinkingorganizations.Engineeringcoursescovertheentireindustryvaluechain,fromenergygeneration,transmissionanddistributiontoenergyuseandmanagement.BusinesscoursesofferedbythetoprankedUBCSauderSchoolofBusinessgiveyouasolidfoundationinbusinessstrategy,projectmanagement,andorganizationalleadership.GainaCompetitiveAdvantageInthis12-monthprogram,youwill:●broadenyourknowledgeofsustainableenergysystems,energystorage,energydistributionnetworks,energyefficiencyandenergypolicy;●sharpenyourtechnicalandanalyticalskillsthroughaproject-basedcurriculum(课程)thatinvolveshands-onlearningopportunities;●studyundernotedfacultyandindustryexpertsatUBCShigh-techresearchcenters.21.WhatdoweknowabouttheMELinCleanEnergyEngineeringprogram?A.Itofferslecturesabouttraditionalenergy.B.Itprovidesbothtechnicalandbusinesscourses.C.Itissponsoredbyforward-thinkingorganizations.D.Itcentersondevelopingorganizationalleadership.22.Whatisabenefityoucangetfromtheprogram?A.Gainingalotofsocialexperience.B.Becomingbetteratsellingproducts.C.Learningmoreaboutenergyuse.D.Acquiringthebestlearningresources.23.Whattypeofwritingisthistext?A.Anadvertisement.B.Anofficialreport.C.Anannouncement.D.Anexhibitionguide.BTosaythatSpanishpainterPabloPicassowasaleaderinWesternartinthe20thcenturyistorepeatanacceptedfact,accordingtoTimemagazine.“Nopainterbeforehimhadenjoyedsuchalargefollowinginhisownlifetime.”Thisyearmarksthe140thanniversaryofPicasso’sbirth.BornonOct.25,1881,Picassohadcreatedmorethan20,000paintings,drawings,sculpturesandotherpiecesofartbythetimehediedat91.That’salongtimetopaint!Theresultisnotonlyalotofart,butalotofdifferentphasesinPicasso’swork.Onitswebsite,Christie’sauction(拍卖)houselistseightdifferentperiodsinthecourseofhispaintingcareer.Overacenturyago,thepainteroncesaidthat,“Everyactofcreationisfirstofallanactofdestruction.”SotheeightperiodsareallverydifferentintheirchoiceofsubjectsandyetunmistakablydrawnbyPicasso’shands.-12-

4FinancialExpresscalledhisstyleunusual.Ashisstylechangedovertime,itbecamemoresimplistic.AcommonjokeisthatPicassoforgothowtopaint.Afterall,hewasclassicallytrainedattheSchoolofFineArtsinBarcelona.Nowheisbestknownforleadinganartisticmovementknownas“Cubism(立体派)”.Itusedgeometricshapestocreatehumanandanimalfigures.Withthismethod,Picassotriedtoshowhisfiguresfrommultipleperspectives(视角)intwo-dimensionalspace.Forexample,aperson’slefteyemaybeshownfromstraightaheadwhilehisrighteyeandnoseareshownfromtheside.Theresultisstrangeandbeautiful,frighteningandfunny.Picassooftensaidthatheadmiredprimitiveartanddrawingsmadebyyoungsters.“WhenIwastheageIcoulddrawlikeRaphael,butittookmealifetimetolearntodrawlikethem,”hesaid.Maybethat’swhyPicassoisstillsopopular.Welookathisworkandthink,“MaybeIcoulddothat!”24.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPabloPicasso?A.Productive.B.Optimistic.C.Traditional.D.Generous.25.WhydidFinancialExpresscallPicasso’sstyleunusual?A.Hisactofcreationwasdestructive.B.Hecreatedaseriesofsimpleimages.C.Hispaintingstyleremainedunchanged.D.Hedrewdifferentsubjectsindifferentperiods.26.Whatisspecialaboutacubistpaintingaccordingtothetext?A.Itisratherdifficulttounderstand.B.Itshowsfiguresfromvariousperspectives.C.Itcoversdifferentsubjectsatthesametime.D.Itreflectstherelationshipbetweenhumansandanimals.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Raphael’sworks.B.Artists.C.Drawings.D.Youngsters.CSomecoffeeshopsinNorwayarehopingtosolvetheproblemofloneliness.They’vecomeupwithacleverideatosupplyceramicmugs(马克杯)labeled“Skravlekopp”.Thistranslatesroughlyas“chatterbox”or,asaNorwegianfriendexplainedtome,“someonewhobarelystopstalking,butnotinanegativesense”.TheideaisthatyoucanchoosetohaveyourcoffeeservedinagreenSkravlekoppasawayofsignalingtoothersnearbythatyoufeellikechatting.Someonewithasimilarurgeforcompanionshipcansitdownwithyouandyou’vesuddenlygotafriend,atleastforashortwhile.Itmightseemlikealotofextraeffortjusttostrikeupaconversationwithastranger,butthefactisthatmanypeoplehavelostthatskill,especiallyyoungergenerationsthatnowhavemorecontactwithpeopleovertextingandsocialmediathanface-to-face.Itcanfeelawkwardanduncomfortabletoapproachsomeone,notknowingifthey-12-

5wanttotalk.ButwithSkravlekopp,asimplemugbridgesthatgap.“Itturnsoutthatweuphereinthenortharealittleshyandoftenafraidtodisturbothers.Weneedalittlesignalthatweareavailableandthatitisallowedtohavealittletalk.Maybeyoucantalktosomeoneyou’venevertalkedtobefore,maybeyoucanteachsomethingyou’regoodat,maybeyouknowsomethingyoudidn’tknow,maybeyoucanmeetagain,maybenot.Youcanbethelittlehumanmeetingsomeoneneedstoday,”saidacustomerinhispostontheInternet.Andpeopledoneeditmorethanever.Ourshasbeencalledthe“ageofloneliness”,andintheUnitedStatesabout20to30percentofthepopulationsufferfromit.Lastyearitwasreportedthataround200,000olderpeopleintheUKhadnothadaconversationwithafriendorrelativeinmorethanamonth.Soweneedinitiativeslikethis.Ihopeothertownsandcitiestakenote,realizingthatitdoesn’ttakemuchtoputasmileonsomeone’sfaceandmaketheirday.28.IfacustomerusesaSkravlekoppmug,itindicatesthatheorshe______.A.isintroubleandneedshelpB.issadandlookingforcomfortC.hopestohavesomeonetotalkwithD.wantstodrinkcoffeeinadifferentway29.Whydomanyyoungpeoplehavetroublewithface-to-facecommunication?A.Theyaren’tgoodatexpressingthemselves.B.Theydon’tfeellikeconnectingwithpeople.C.Theylackthechanceofapproachingpeople.D.TheyrelytoomuchonphonesandtheInternet.30.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheinitiative?A.Itisveryeffective.B.Itisquitenecessary.C.Itwillincreasecoffeesales.D.Ithasroomforimprovement.31.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AcoffeemugcanfindyouafriendB.AcoffeemugcangetridofyourpressureC.WhatacoffeemugmeanstoyourlifeD.HowacoffeemugshapesyourcharacterDMetinSittiattheMaxPlanckInstituteforIntelligentSystemsinStuttgart,Germany,andhiscolleagueshavedevelopedtinyrobotscalled“microrollers”thatcancarrycancerdrugsandselectivelytargethumanbreastcancercells.Theteamdrewinspirationforthedesignoftherobotsfromwhitebloodcellsinthehumanbody,whichcanmovealongthewallsofbloodvessels(血管)againstthedirectionofbloodflow.Themicrorollersareroundandmadefromglassmicroparticles.Onehalfoftherobotwascoatedwithathinmagneticnanofilm(磁性纳米膜)madefromnickelandgold.Theotherhalfwascoatedwiththecancerdrugdoxorubicinaswellasmoleculesthatrecognizecancercells.-12-

6Theteamtestedtherobotsusingmousebloodandartificialchannelslinedwithhumanendothelialcells—thekindofcellsthatlinetheinnerwallsofourbloodvessels.Therobotswereexposedtoamixtureofcancerousandhealthytissue.ThemicrorollersselectivelyattachedtothecancercellsandwereactivatedusingUVlighttoreleasethedoxorubicin.Byapplyingmagneticfields,theteamwasabletocontrolthemovementofthemicrorollers,bothwithandagainsttheflowofblood.Themicrorollerscanreachaspeedofupto600micrometerspersecond.“Ifyoucometoaspotwhereyouneedtotaketherightpathandifyoumissit,thenyoucouldgobackandgototherightone,”saysSetti.Infuture,theresearcherswanttouseothermethodstostartthedrugrelease,suchasheatornear-infraredlight.Theyalsoplantotrymakingmicrorollersoutofmaterialsthatwouldbreakdowninthebodyoverafewweeksormonths.Theteamhopestotestthemicrorollersinanimalssoon.“Therollersneedtocarryenoughcancerdrugs,whichiswhyweneedtohavetheminlargenumbers,”saysSetti.“Butsincewecanlocallytakedrugstotherighttarget,wedon’tneedhugedosages(剂量).”32.Whatcanthemicrorollersbeusedfor?A.Repairingbloodcells.B.Deliveringdrugs.C.Improvingbloodflow.D.Performingoperations.33.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellusaboutthemicrorollers?A.Theirshape.B.Theiradvantage.C.Theirdesign.D.Theirapplication.34.WhatcanwelearnabouttherobotsfromParagraph4?A.Theirdirectioncanbeadjusted.B.Theymightmissthetargetcells.CTheymightgetstuckintheblood.D.Theirspeedcanchangeautomatically.35.Whatwillthescientistsprobablydonext?A.Putthemicrorollerstoclinicaluse.B.Sellthemicrorollersinlargequantities.C.Tearthemicrorollersdowninthebody.D.Experimentwiththemicrorollersfurther.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowcomingtoChinahaschangedmylifeandcareerHello,everyone.MynameisJonathanLopez,andIamadual(双重的)citizenfromColombiaandCanada.___36___，andhowithasapotentialtoalsochangeyours,ifyouallowittohavetheopportunitytowelcomeyoutoChina.-12-

7WhenIwas18yearsold,IhadtheopportunitytoleaveColumbiaforthefirsttimetogotoseemyfatherinCanada.IstudiedinauniversityinCanada,duringwhichIhadachancetogostudyabroadinuniversitiesinNetherlandsandAustralia,travellingtomanycountries.___37___，becauseIgotascholarshiptostudyatTsinghuaUniversityasachoiceforscholar.WhenitcametoChina,IhadsomanyideasaboutwhatChinawassupposedtobeabout.ThesurpriseisthatitwasnothinglikeIimaginedinamorepositivewaythanexpected.WhenIcomehere,___38___.AllthedevelopmentandhowfastthingsmoveinChinareallyallowmetoquicklyrealizethatthisistheplacewhereIneededtocontinuegrowinginmycareerprofessionally.___39___.AfterIgraduatedfromTsinghuauniversity,IgotajobatBytedanceInternetCompanyfirst,andcurrentlyforTiktok.ButthemostimportantthingisthatIcanbeabletobecomeanambassador,andsharemystoryabouthowbeinginChina—myanotherhome—impactedmeandchangemylifesomuch.It'sbeenonlythreeyearsinChinaandit'sjustthebeginning.ThereissomuchmorethatIcancontinuetolearninthisplace,andit'sjustanopeninvitationforpeoplethatarethinkingtostudyabroad,workabroadordothingsanywhereintheworld,toalsoconsiderChina.Hence,thisisaplacetobe,andthisisaplacewhereyoucanlearnandgrowalot.___40___.A.SoIdecidedtostayB.AndthenIwasreadytocometoChinaC.TodayIwanttosharewhycomingtoChinachangedmylifeD.AndthisissomethingthatreallycanchangeyourlifeaswellE.mobilepaymentwasoneofthethingsthatstruckmethemostF.BythetimeIgraduatedfromuniversityIhadalreadytraveledto61countriesG.IrealizeallthepotentialthatthisplacehasandallthethingsthatIcouldlearnaboutChina第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Myfatherhadbeenacorporatesalestrainerwhotaughtpresentationskills.Hetraveledacrosstheworldfor___41___andcompetedintennistournamentsontheweekends.“Lifeisgood,”hewouldsay,withatwinkleinhiseye.However,everything___42___duringmysophomoreyearofhighschool.Asuddenstrokelefthimwithaseverephysicaldisabilityandlossof___43___.Oneafternoon,Icamehometofindmydadwatchinga(n)___44___videoofusplayingtennis.Whatusedto-12-

8besucha____45____pleasurewasnowimpossible.I___46___usonthescreen,fascinatedbythat____47____memory.WewatchedinsilenceuntilIcouldn’tholdinmy___48___anylonger.Ifoundmyselfshakingand____49____whilethevideoplayedinthebackground.Myheartbrokeforusbothand_____50_____forwhatwecouldnolongerdotogether.Movinghislips,mydad___51___wantedtosaysomething,buthewaspowerless.Althoughhismovementwaslimited,heclosedthegapbetweenusandgavemyhanda___52___squeeze.Later,onafamilytriptoTahoe,mydadsawagroupofpeopleparasailingonthelake.HeandIhadgoneafewtimes___53___hisstroke,butyearshadpassedsincethen.“Youandme!”hemanagedto___54___.Wefloatedhighabovethewater,eyesfixedonthesettingsun.Then,mydadlookedatmewithafamiliarexpression.“Life…good.”Aftercomingbackhome,myfatherworked___55___torecoverwhathelostandregainedafairamountofhisspeech.“Lifeisgood.”Threesimplewords.Butmydadinjectedtruemeaningintothephrasebyrefusingtolethissicknessovershadowthedayshehadleft.41.A.adventureB.workC.competitionD.pleasure42.A.happenedB.arrivedC.changedD.started43.A.speechB.confidenceC.sightD.energy44.A.oldB.shortC.liveD.online45A.greatB.rareC.personalD.simple46.A.glancedoverB.staredatC.lookedintoD.smiledto47.A.sharedB.bittersweetC.distantD.virtual48.A.griefB.memoryC.angerD.excitement49.A.movingB.rockingC.dancingD.crying50.A.sankB.meltedC.achedD.skipped51.A.eventuallyB.especiallyC.clearlyD.merely52.A.comfortingB.strongC.quickD.friendly53.A.afterB.despiteC.throughD.before54.A.squeezeB.createC.sayD.achieve-12-

955.A.independentlyB.tirelesslyC.closelyD.properly第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Thetraderoutesareofgreatimportance.Inmarch,theSuezCanal,oneoftheworld'smostimportantseatraderoutes,____56____(block)byaship,causinganepicmaritimetrafficjamofnearly300shipsbetweenEuropeandAsia.BesidestheSuezCanal,China'sancientSilkRoadalsoplayed____57____importantroleintradeandculturalexchangesbetweenChinaandEurope.InearlyhistoryTheSilkRoadwasthemostimportanttraderoute,____58____(mark)thebeginningofglobalization.Asthefirstroute____59____introducedtheEasternworldtotheWesterncivilization,theSilkRoadinChinacandate____60____theHandynastyinancientChina.Inthefollowingyearsinhistory,manygreatfigureshadmadesignificant____61____(contribute)tothedevelopmentoftheSilkRoad.ThoughtheSilkRoadwasmainlyatradingroute,itwas____62____(benefit)toeachotherinthefirstplace.It____63____(actual)madegreatattractiontothedevelopmentofthecivilizationoftheworld,openinglong-distancepoliticalandeconomiccommunicationbetweenEuropeandAsia.TheancientSilkRoadismorelikeahistoricaltextbook,enablingpeoplefromdifferentculturesandregions____64____(comprehend)whathappenedduringtheancienttime.Uptonow,theSilkRoadinChina_____65_____(bring)greatattractiontothetourisminChinaevenintheworld.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)66.假定你是新华中学李华，你的外籍朋友Michael来信表示对中国文化很感兴趣，正巧这学期你校要开设“话说中国节(FestiveChina)”的线上课程，请你回信向他推荐此课程。内容包括：1.开设时间；2.课程内容；3.报名方式。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________-12-

10第二节(满分25分)67.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ItwasthefirstweekofMia'smiddleschool.Thebell'sringingbroughtheroutofherdaydreaming.Shenervouslygatheredherbooks,preparingtoreachanotherclassroomforthenextnewclass.Miafollowedtheotherkidsandrushedintothehallway.Otherswalkedingroups,chatted,andlaughed,usingthebreaktosocialize.Mia,instead,walkedalonealongthewallofthehallway,withherheaddown.Shewasashygirl,afraidtospeakinfrontofotherkids,anddidn'tthinkotherswouldlikeher.MiafinallysatinMr.Johnson'sLanguageArtsclassnervously.“WelcometoLanguageArts,”saidMr.Johnson.HetoldjokesashetalkedaboutEnglish.Miaforgottodaydreamandlaughedalongwiththerestoftheclass.“We'llhavesomefunwithlanguage,”hesaid.“Justwaitandsee.”FunwasfarbeyondwhatMiadesired.Shejustwantedtobelikeotherkids—runningwithfriendsinthehallway,laughingandjokingbetweenclasses.Remindedofherpimply（长粉刺的）face,shefelthopelessanddisappointed.“Takeoutapieceofpaper,”theteachercontinued,whenpointingatwordsontheblackboard.“Writeforthenextthirtyminutesonthistopic.”Miabeganwritingcrazilyasideaafterideafoughtforrecognitioninherhead.Thefinalresultwasashortstoryaboutabeautifulbeachhouse.Asshewrote,shecouldsmellthesaltyair,hearthecrashingwavesandfeelthepullofthesandbeneathherfeet.Forjustamoment,sheforgotwhereshewas.Shewaslostinthestory.“OK,passyourpapersforward,”saidtheteacher.“Let'sseewhatwehave.”Fortherestoftheclasstime,theteacherreadeachindividualworkaloud.Miaoriginallythoughtitwouldbeawkward.However,shewasgraduallyattractedbytheexcitementintheteacher'svoice.“He'sactuallyenjoyingthis,”shethought.Whentheclasswouldbesoonover,therewerestillfifteenstudents'papersnotread,includingMia'spaper.Then,Mr.Johnsonannouncedhisdecision,askingthesestudentstoreadtheirworkthemselvesinfrontoftheclassnextclass.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Aweeklater,thebellrangandtheLanguageArtsclassbeganagain.-12-

11________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________AfterMiafinishedherreading.theclappingfromherclassmatescontinuedforalongtime.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________-12-