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高压除氧器安装使用说明书二零一八年四月10
1一、用途热力喷雾填料式除氧器是作为驱除锅炉用水所含的溶解氧的设备，以保护锅炉免受氧的腐蚀。二、工作原理给水的除氧是电站锅炉或工业锅炉防止腐蚀的主要方法。在压力容器中，溶解于水中的气体量与水面上气体成正比例。采用热力除氧的方法，即用蒸汽来加热给水，提高水的温度，使水面上蒸汽的分压力逐渐增加，而溶解气体的分压力则渐渐降低，溶解于水中的气体就不断逸出来。当水被加热至相应在压力下的饱合温度时，水面上全部是水蒸汽，溶解气体的分压力为零，水不再有溶解气体的能力，溶解于水中的不凝结气体，包括氧气均可被除去。除氧的效果一方面决定于是否把给水加热至相应压力下的饱和温度，另一方面决定于溶解气体的排除速度，这个速度与水和蒸汽的接触表面积的大小有很大关系。采用喷雾加填料方式，水通过喷嘴被强烈的扩散成雾状下落，与上升的蒸汽流相遇，雾化的结果大大增加了水和加热蒸汽的热交换面积，强化了汽水热交换的效果，雾状的水滴继续流经无规则堆放的填料层时，受到蒸汽的进一步加热，水被迅速加热，溶解与其中的气体的排出速度就更快。因此，虽然水在除氧器中停留的时间很短，然而仍能有好的除氧效果。三、技术参数及结构特征1.技术参数额定出力：440t/h设计压力：0.77Mpa设计温度：300℃工作压力：0.5Mpa工作温度：158℃进水温度：≥100℃除氧器出水的溶氧量：≤5μg/l除氧器水箱有效容积：100m32.结构特征10
2除氧器为立式喷雾填料结构型式，由于除氧器直径较大，水箱直径与除氧器直径之比很小，故除氧器采用双封头结构,除氧器与水箱用管道连接,在下封头一中间为DN400的下水管，四周为四根DN225的蒸汽流通管，这样不但大大改善了除氧器与水箱连接处的力学性能，而且汽水流场互不干扰。除氧器内部由布水装置、淋水盘、填料层(Ω不绣钢填料)等组成。布水装置采用环形结构，在管状圆环上装有弹簧喷咀，高加疏水为多孔管，直接进入雾化区闪蒸。在布水装置上方设一次进蒸汽装置，水从下往上喷，形成雾状下落与蒸汽混合，可达到很好的传热传质效果。二次蒸汽置于填料层下部，继读加热填料层中的水，达到深度除氧。水箱下部设有两个支座，一个为固定支座，一个为活动支座口。水箱内底部有再沸腾管,用于除氧器启动时加热水箱中的水。四、安装1.安装前按供货清单校对实物数量和规格。2.除氧头与水箱工地对焊按总图要求进行，焊接坡口焊前打磨光洁，对接口尺寸应符合图纸要求。3.除氧器支座与混凝土基础尺寸相符。基础表面平整，垫铁表面应光滑平整，与基础接触良好。4.安装好后，水箱滚动支座的滚柱，应滚动灵活，滚柱平直无弯曲，滚柱表面和底板表面光洁、无焊瘤、毛刺等多余物，底板平整,保持水平，滚柱与底板间接触密实，无间隙。水箱膨胀方向应留足够的膨胀空间。5.除氧器淋水盘应清理干净，孔眼无堵塞，喷咀拧紧无松动，通畅无堵塞，弹簧预紧力符合要求。6.安全阀、溢流阀动作灵活可靠，无卡涩现象。密封可靠，安全阀在安装前应按要求整定开启压力和回座压力。7.压力和水位的测量、调节、报警等装置应动作可靠，符合要求。8.安装时除氧头的轴向中心线应保持垂直，两端的水平偏差不大于±4mm。9.安装保温层前应按要求进行整体水压试验。10.投运前应彻底清理内部，排除一切多余物。五、使用说明10
31.除氧器投运前应检查各种仪表、阀门、信号、报警、联锁、自动调节等装置，保证完好，方可投入运行。2.除氧器冷态启动宜采用先送汽后上水的方法,用辅助蒸汽预热壳体15分钟左在，保持开汽压力,将除盐水送入除氧头，逐渐开大进汽阀，对给水进行加热，调整各类阀门（进汽阀、进水阀、排汽阀等）和汽水参数，使出水含氧量达标,投入运行。3.两台除氧器并列运行时，应先使两者的压力、温度和水位尽可能一致，然后依次开启汽平衡阀，水平衡阀及其它母管联网阀，同时应保持水位平衡。4.应经常保持除氧器的各项运行参数正常稳定，定期检测出水含氧量.定压运行时，压力和温度应符合设计值，压力波动范围为±0.03Mpa，滑压运行时除氧器压力为常用加热抽汽压力，其温度为相应压力的饱和温度。无论何种运行状态，都不得超过除氧器许可的最高运行压力和相应的饱和温度。5.除氧器的各种进水均应符合相关的水质标准，方能保证出水的含氧量符合要求。禁止将不合格的水送入除氧器。6.进入除氧器喷淋系统的水压，必须保证其压差大于0.1Mpa，但不超过0.3Mpa。确保弹簧喷嘴工作正常。7.水箱水位基准为水箱中心线，其水位分档如下：正常水位为875mm。高Ⅰ水位为1075mm：报警。高Ⅱ水位为1175mm：溢流阀打开。危险高水位为1275mm：打开紧急放水阀,关闭加热蒸汽。低水位为675mm：报警。危险低水位为－550mm，停止相应的给水泵。8.磁翻板液位计使用前应确认其工作正常。9.除氧器的加热源若要切换时，或投入停运均应严格监视除氧器的压力和温度。10.汽水系统保持良好状态，不得有泄露等缺陷，方能确保除氧器运行正常。11.除氧器的运行状态与热力系统密切相关，可根据各自不同的系统制定运行规范，但均应符合的规范和设计参数。六、维护保养1.除氧器必须经常维护和定期检验，按《电站压力式除氧器安全技术规定》执行。10
42.除氧器停用时，必须排尽水箱的水，采用防腐保养措施。3.外部检查应在运行中进行，每年至少一次，主要检验内容为：(1)保温层是否完善，有无开裂和脱落，结构外形有无严重变形，设备铭牌是否完好。(2)接管的焊接接头、法兰、受压元件和其它可拆件结合处有无渗漏。壳体可见表露钢铁是否有严重锈蚀现象。(3)连接管道的吊架、支架是否松动。(4)扶梯平台是否牢固。(5)支座是否良好(活动支座是否可靠，基础是否下沉倾斜)。(6)阀门、仪表是否完好，有无超过使用期。安全阀必须定期复检。4.内部检查可结合大修进行，时间间隔按安全状态等级执行。(1)壳体内部是否有严重腐蚀、裂纹等伤损。内部结构是否有严重变形，松动等。(2)淋水盘是否松动，淋水孔是否堵塞。(3)喷嘴是否堵塞，弹簧是否锈蚀。(4)填料层是否腐蚀失效。5.内部检查发现的问题都必须根据相关的规定采取措施修复和更换。6.水压试验可结合大修进行，每次大修后，都必须进行总体水压试验，试验规范按相关标准和设计规定执行。水压合格后方能重新投运。七、供货范围（以下供参考,按合同执行）1.水箱及除氧器(含填料)本体2.安全阀3.磁翻板液位计4.压力表5.双金属温度计6.孔板7．平衡容器10
51.ApplicationThermalsprayingtypedeaeratorisusedtoremovethedissolvedoxygencontainedinthewaterforboilersoastopreventtheboilerfromcorrosion.2.WorkingprincipleDeaerationoffeedwateristhemainwaytopreventtheboilerfromcorrosion.Inpressurevessel,gasdissolvedinwaterisindirectproportiontothedividedpressureofthegasabovethewater.Theso-calledthermaldeaerationmethodmensesthatthefeedwaterisheatedbysteam,bythismethodthetemperatureofthewaterwillraiseanditmakesthedividedpressureofthesteamabovethewatergraduallyincreases,butmakethedividedpressureofthedissolvedgasgraduallydecrease,sothatthegasdissolvedinthewaterwillconstantlyescape.Whenthewaterisheatedtotheboilingtemperatureundercorrespondingpressure,thewholeabovethewaterisfullsteam,andnowthedividedpressureofthedissolvedgasisequaltozeroandthewatercannotdissolvegas,thatis,thegassesdissolvedinthewater,includingoxygenareremoved.Deaeratingefficiencydependsonwhetherthefeedwaterisheatedtotheboilingtemperatureundercorrespondingpressureontheonehand,andontheescapingvelocityofthedissolvedgasontheotherhand.Thisvelocitybearscloserelationwiththesizeofcontactingsurfaceareaofthewaterandsteam.Thedeaeratorusessprayingmethodandinstallspackinganddriptriptrps.Thisisbecauseofthefactthewateroutofthenozzlespraysdowninanatomizedconditionandcomesintocontactwiththerisingsteam,resultinginenlargingenormouslytheareaforheatexchangeofwaterandtheheatingsteamandraisingtheefficiencyofthewatersteamheatexchange.Whenatomizedwatercontinuestodropdownthroughtheunregularystackingpacking,thewaterisfurtherheated.Duetothewaterisheatedrapidly,thegasesdissolvedinthewaterisdeaeratedatafastedspeed.Therefore,thedetainedtimeofwaterinthedeaeratorisveryshort,butthedeaeratingefficiencyisveryhigh.3.Technicaldataandconstructioncharacteristic(1)TechnicaldataNormaloutput:440t/hDesignpressure:0.77MPaDesigntemperature:300℃Workingpressure:0.5MPaWorkingtemperature:158℃inletwatertemperature:≥100℃10
6Oxygencontentofoutletwater:≤7μg/lEffectivevolumeofwatertank:111m3(2)ConstructioncharacteristicThedeaeratorisverticalspray-packingtype,duetothediameterofdeaeratorislarger,andthediameterofthewatertank-to-diameterofdeaeratorratioislesser,therefore,thedoubleheadsconstructionisadoptedforthedeaerator,theconnectionbetweenthedeaeratorandwatertankusethetubeconnectiontype.TheDN400downwatertubeislocatedatthemiddleofthedownhead,thefourDN225steampassagesarelocatedatallaroundtheDN400tube,thisconstructionmayimprovethebearingforceconditionintheconnectingplaceofthedeaeratorandwatertank,andtheflowfieldsofthesteamandwaterarenon-interferences.Theinnerofthedeaeratorisequippedwiththeinletwaterdistributor,trayandpackinglayer(Ωstainlesssteelpacking).Theinletwaterdistributoradopttheringstypeconstruction.Theringisequippedwiththespringspraynozzles.Thedistributorofthedrainofhighpressureheateradoptthetubetype,therearemanylittleholeinthetube.Afterthedrainwatercomesintothedistributor,thencomestheatomizingareaandflash.Thefirststeaminletislocatedonthetopoftheinletwaterdistributor,thewatersprayupbythespraynozzlesdowninanatomizedandcomestocontactwiththesteam,thisconstructionmaymakewateratomizingrapidlyandmakethewaterandsteamdoingheatexchangerapidly,theefficiencyofmass-transferandheat-transferareverygood.Thesecondarysteamdeviceisdownbelowthepackinglayer,thewaterinthepackinglayerisheatedfurtherdeaerating.ThefourDN200tubesconnectingwiththedeaeratorandthewatertankarethepassageforrisingsteam,theDN350tubeinthemiddleofthedownisconnectedwiththeinletwatertubeofthemixerinthewatertank,thedownwaterofthedeaeratorcomesintothemixer,afteritismixedwithsecondarysteaminthewatertank,flowintothewatertanktoachievefurtherdeaerating,thedeaeratingefficiencyisveryhigh.Thewatertankisequippedthetwosupports,oneisthefixedsupport,oneisslippingsupport.There-boilingtubeinthebottomofthewatertankisusedtoheatthewaterinthewatertankduringthestaring.4.Installation(1)Checkmaterialobjectqualityandspecificationaccordingtosupplyscopebeforeinstallation.(2)Thebuttweldbetweendeaeratorandwatertankshouldbedoneinthesiteaccordingtogeneraldrawingrequirements,weldgroovesshouldbepolishedbeforewelding,buttdimensionshouldconformtothedrawingrequirements.10
7(3)Deaeratorsupportdimensionshouldconformtoconcretebasedimension,thebasesurfaceshouldbeneatandlevel,cushionalsoshouldbesmoothandlevel,anditcontactwithbaseshouldbegood.(4)Therollersofmoveableshouldrollandrollingshouldbeactiveafterthedeaeratorisinstalled,thesurfaceofrollersandbottomplateshouldbesmooth,andshouldn’thaveburrsetc,thebottomplateshouldbesmoothandlevel,therollersshouldcontactwithbottomplateclosely,andshouldn’thaveinterval,theexpanddirectionofwatertankshouldhaveenoughexpandspace.(5)Thetraysofdeaeratorshouldbecleaned,holeofthetraysshouldn’tblock,thenozzleshouldbetightenedup,andshouldn’tbelooseandblock,thepre-tightforceofnozzleshouldconformtorequirement.(6)Safetyvalveanddown-flowvalveshouldbeactiveandreliable,theopeningpressureandreturnpressureforsafetyvalveshouldbeadjustedaccordingrequirementsafteritisinstalled.(7)Measureandregulationandalarmdeviceforpressureandwaterlevelshouldbereliableandshouldconformtorequirements.(8)Theaxiscenterlineofdeaeratorshouldbeverticalduringitisinstalled,theleveldeviationoftwoendsshouldn’tbegreaterthan±4mm.(9)Theintegralhydrostatictestshoulddoneaccordingtorequirementsbeforethethermalinsulatinglayerareinstalled.(10)Innerofdeaeratorshouldbecleaned,andshouldremoveallsuperfluousmatter.5.Operationinstruction(1)Beforeoperatingdeaerator,pleaseinspecttheallsortsofvalves、instruments、signal、alarms、lock、automaticadjustmentetc.Andassureallisingoodcondition.(2)Start-updeaeratorincoldstatewiththewayfeedingsteamfirstly,thenfeedingwater.Heattheshellabout15minuteswithauxiliarysteam.Holdingthesteampressure,feeddemineralizationwatertothedeaeratorandturnupthesteamvalvegraduallytoheatthefeedwater.Adjustallsortsofvalveandsteamandwaterparameterssoastoqualitytheoxygen-contentofoutletwater.(3)Whentwodeaeratorareoperatedinparallel.Firstly,adjustthetwodeaeratortooperateinthesamepressure、temperatureandwaterlevel.Thenopenthesteambalancevalve、waterbalancevalveandotherconnectingvalvesinmainpipeinturns.Keepthewaterlevelbalanceinthemeantime.10
8(4)Keepthedeaeratorisoperateinnormalandoutletwateroxygen-contentshallbecheckedperiodically.Thepressureandtemperaturemustbemetthedesignvalueandthepressureundulaterange±0.03MPawhileoperatinginconstantpressure.Thepressureistheheatingbleed-offpressurenormally,thetemperatureissaturatedtemperatureatthatpressurewhileoperatinginvariablepressure.Itisnotallowedtooperateexcesstheallowablemaximumworkingpressureandthesaturatedtemperatureatthatpressure.(5)Allsortsoffeedwatertodeaeratorshouldbeinaccordancewiththerelatedwaterqualitystandardsotoassurethequalificationofoutletwateroxygencontent.Itisnotallowedtofeedtheunqualifiedwatertodeaerator.(6)Thepressuredifferentialofwaterfeedingtothespraysystemshouldbegreaterthan0.1MPabutnotexcess0.3MPatoassurenormaloperationofthespraynozzles(7)ThebaselineofthewatertankisC.Loftank.Thewaterlevelofwatertankisasfollowing:Normalwaterlevel875mm.HighIalarmwaterlevel1075mm.alarm.HighⅡwaterlevelis1175mm,atthetimetheoverflowvalveshouldbeopened.Dangerhighlevel1275mm,atthetime,theemergencedrawoffvalveshouldbeopenedandsteamvalveshouldbeshutoff.Lowwaterlevel675mm.alarm.Dangerlowwater–550mm,atthetime,thefeedwaterpumpshouldbestop.(8)Beforetheremotetransmissionmagnetismliquidlevelisused,shouldconfirmthatitisworkingproperly.(9)Observethedeaeratorpressureandtemperaturecarefullyifchanging、puttingintoorstoppingtheheatresource.(10)Keepgoodconditionofsteam&watersystemwithoutleakageetc.Soastoassurethenormaloperationofdeaerator.(11)Thedeaeratoroperationconditionisrelatedtothethermalsystem.Workoutthedifferentcodeaccordingtodifferentthermalsystemandinaccordancewithrelatedtech.Codeanddesignparameters.6.Maintenance(1)Deaeratorshouldbemaintainedandinspectedperiodicallyaccordingto.(2)Beforestoppingoperatingdeaerator,dischargedthewaterinthetankcompletelyand10
9protectedbycorrosion-proofmethod.(3)Inspectedoutsidesurfaceatleastonetimeeachyearwhiledeaeratorinworkingcondition,maincontentdinspectionisasfollowing:1)Theinsulationlayershouldbecompleteandnocrackandpeelingoff.Theshapeofstructureshouldbenoserioustransfigure.Thenameplateoftheequipmentshouldbeingood.2)Theweldedjoint、flange、pressurepartsandotherjointthatcanbeseparatedshouldbenoleakage.Thesteelshellshouldbenoseriouscorrosion.3)Thehangerandsupportfortheconnectionpipeshouldbefixed.4)Platformshouldbefirm.5)Thesupportshouldbeingoodcondition(movingsupportbereliable.Thebasegroundofsupportshouldbenosunkandlean).6)Valveandinstrumentsshouldbeingoodconditionandshouldnotbeoutofservicetime.Safetyvalveshouldbeinspectedperiodically.(4)Insideinspectioncanbeprocessedwiththeoverhaul.Theintervaltimedeterminedbysafetyconditiongrade:1)Insideofshellshouldbenoseriouscorrosionandcrack.Theinsidestructurepartsshouldbenoserioustransfiguredandloose.2)Trayshouldbefixedfirmlyandholeshouldbenoblocked.3)Nozzleshouldbenoblockedandspringisworkingingoodcondition.4)Packingisnotcorrosiontoloseeffect.(5)Theproblemfoundbyinsideinspectionmustberepairedorchangedaccordingtorelatedcode.(6)Hydraulictestcanbeprocessedwithoverhaul.Theintegerhydraulictestmustbeprocessedaftereachoverhaulaccordingtorelatedstandardanddesigncode.Theequipmentcanbeputintooperationafterhydraulicteatisqualified.7.Scopeofsupply(1)Watertankbodyanddeaeratorbody(incluedpacking).(2)Safetyvalve.(3)Magneticboardliquidlevelgauge.(4)Pressuregauge.(5)Doublemetaltemperaturegauge.(6)Holeplate.(7)Equalizingvessel.10
