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昌平区2022—2023学年高三年级第一学期期末质量抽测英语试卷笔试部分本试卷共12页,共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后,将答题卡交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节,30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,共15分）阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。RecentlymywifeandIwereflyingacrossthecountry.Wewereabouttoboardour1whenawomansittingnexttoushadamedicalepisode.Icamebackfromtherestroomandsatdownnexttomywife,wholeanedintomeandwhispered"Something's2.”Awomanwascollapsingandquicklylostcontrolofherbody.I3andbentinfrontofher,askingifshewasokay.She4herselfasMissJackie.ItoldherthatIwasnota5,butIwasthereforhertohelpinanywaysheneeded.InonehandIheldhersandwithmyotherhandIsupportedherhead,carefullyaskingwhatwashappening.She6thatshehadacondition.Whenherbodyisexposedtoalotofstress,herbodygoesintoanervousbreakdown.Sheexplainedthatshehadsufferedfromthis7conditionforthirtyyearsandwouldbe“perfectlyfineinjustawhile".JustlikeJackiesaid,shewascompletelyfinewithinabouttwentyminutes.AsIwasstillconcernedabouther,Jackieagreedtoboardwithmy8.Istayedbehindtoensuresheboardedtheplanesafeandsound.9,whatJackieneededwassomeonetolistentoher.Don'tbeafraidtolistentostrangersandhelpthemout.Everyonehastheirownbattlesand10,andsometimestheyjustneedsomeonetocare.1.A.shipB.trainC.busD.flight2.A.extraordinaryB.differentC.wrongD.unfamiliar3.A.jumpedupB.pulledupC.madeupD.wokeup4.A.explainedB.introducedC.claimedD.described5.A.judgeB.policemanC.journalistD.doctor6.A.revealedB.insistedC.deniedD.expected7.A.normalB.casualC.terribleD.necessary8.A.controlB.accompanyC.agreementD.appointment9.A.StrangelyB.CertainlyC.NaturallyD.Actually10.A.conflictsB.strugglesC.competitionsD.campaigns第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,共15分）阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。A学科网（北京）股份有限公司
1Smarthomesaremarketedasthefuture:makinglifeeasier,11(good),fasterandcheaper.Theypromisetoprovideconveniencefor12(use)andgivethemcontrolovereventsintheirhomes——13athomeornot—aswellasprovidingcomfortandenergyefficiency,forexamplesensingtemperatureandautomatingairconditioningorheating.BWhenMarilyntriedtosorthermother'sthings,shecouldfindnothingshewanted14（keep）.Sheleafedthroughphotoalbums（相册）forapictureofherselfwithhermotherandcouldn'tfindone.OnlyMarilyninkindergartenpigtails;Marilyninthirdgradewitha15(miss)fronttooth;Marilynataschoolpartywithapapercrown（王冠）16herhead.TherewerethreephotoalbumsofMarilyn.Notasingleshotofhermother.CRainbombs17(create)whenhotairmixeswithcoldair,causingstreamsofairtodrop.However,asthecoldairfalls,itpicksupmoisture（水分）fromthehotair,18producesheavyrainfalls.Researchershavefoundthatclimatechange19(play)abigroleinthecreationofrainbombs.Asrainfallsincrease,energyisreleased,causingmorewatertoevaporate（蒸发）fromtheoceans.Becauseofthiscycle,manyclaimthatrainbombs20(increase)by80%bytheendofthecentury.第二部分阅读理解（共两节,38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分,共28分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AReadanyinterestingbookslately?Wewanttohearaboutthem,sowe'rehostingaReviewBlitz!Wewantreasonablereviewsinonemonth!Thesereviewsmustbeyourhonestopinions.Don'trushthroughwritingthem,becausewe'llbepayingattentiontoquality!Deadline:Feb.1,2023Rules：●Youmustbeateen(aged13-19)withaTeenCreativityaccounttoenter.●Submissionsmustrelatetothetopic.●Eachreviewmusthaveaminimumof250words.●Thereisnolimittothenumberofpiecesyoucansubmit.Guidelines:●Giveabriefsummaryofthebook.Don'texplaintheentireplotortellyourreaderhowthebookends.●Tellthereaderwhatyoulikeordislikeaboutthebook,suchastheme,characters,writingstyle,etc.Recommendthebooktocertainreaders.Isthebookmoresuitabletoolderteens?Wouldsciencefictionfansbeinterestedinthisbook?It'shelpfulforreaderstothinkaboutthebookinthecontextofotherbooksthey'veread.●Rememberthatit'sokaytohaveastrongopinion!Avoidstartingsentenceswith“Ithink”,“Ibelieve”or“Inmyopinion”.Prizes：●Allparticipantswillreceiveacertificate.●FirstprizewinnerswilleachhaveonereviewpublishedinTeenCreativitymagazineandgetafree6-monthmagazinesubscription.●Secondprizewinnerswilleachgetafree3-monthmagazinesubscriptionandreceivea$25giftcard.●You'llreceivetheseprizesbeforeSep.28,2023.学科网（北京）股份有限公司
2Submityourworkstoteencreativity.com.Wehopereviewingbooksbringsyoujoy.Don'tthinkofwritingareviewasanassignment;imagineyouarewritingtoabestfriendwholovesreadingasmuchasyoudo!21.TheparticipantsofReviewBlitz______________.A.needtobeatleast12yearsoldB.cansubmitmorethanonereviewC.shoulduploadworksbeforeSep.28D.mustexpressopinionswithin250words22.Whatwillallwinnersgetbesidescertificates?A.Giftcards.B.Cashawards.C.Freemagazines.D.Publishedreviews.23.Whichsentenceshouldbeavoidedinthereview?A.ThemaincharacterBillsurvivesatlast.B.Theauthor'suseofimageryismasterful.C.Thetalkbetweenthecousinsisunbelievable.D.FansoftheHarryPotterserieswilllovethisbook.BMynameisLeo.Ineverthoughtofmyselfasaspecialperson,butIalwaysdreamedtobeasuperherolikeBatmanandSuperman.Onemorning,Iawoke,slippedoutofbedandlookedoutofthewindow.Therewasaworldcoveredinaseaofwhitesnow.Ihurriedtogetdressedandsetouttotakeawalkinthesnowwithmydrone（无人机）.WhenIwanderedintheparknearmyhome,Isawthefrozenriverlyingtherepeacefully.Then,ayounggirlcameintomysight.Sheranhappily,followedbyhermomfromadistance.Suddenly,shewassoexcitedthatsheaccidentallyrushedtotheiceontheriver.Therewasacreak（嘎吱声）andthegirl,sensingsomethingwrong,said“Mommy!”justbeforetheicegaveway.Withasplash（落水声）,theyounggirlcrashedthroughtheice.Atthatmomenttwothingshappenedtome.Firstly,Istoodmorealertly（警觉地）thanIhadeverbeenbeforeinmylife.Secondly,Iwasonthemove.Ididn'tknowwhatovercamemebutIneededtohelp.ThepreciousdroneinmyhandcrashedtothegroundandwascrushedbymeasIran.Ithrewoffmyjacketandscarfwhilerunning,knowingtheywouldweighmedown.Asthewomanyelled“Help!”atpassers-by,Iwasalreadymovingacrosstheicetogetthegirl.ItriedtopullherupbuttheicefurtherbrokeandIfellintoo.Asthewaterbegantomakemeverycoldtothebone,Ithoughtonlyoftheyounggirl.Igraspedherunderthearmsandpushedherupontotheiceneartheedge.Iwasofalmostnohelpsothemotherreachedoutandpulledherdaughterintoherarms.“Takeher.Soc-ccold.”IsaidasIpushedthegirlupwards.ThewomanturnedbacktohelpmeusingthescarfbutIwasnowheretobeseen.Blacknessenvelopedme.WithastartIawoke!TherewerefiremenallaroundmeandIwaslyinginthesnowwithamaskonmyface.Cheersbrokeoutaroundme.Mylifereallychanged.ItwasaspiritanditdidcometomebecauseIwasatruehero.24.WhathappenedwhenLeowasinthepark?A.Hisdronelandedintheriver.B.Hisjacketandscarfwerelost.C.Ayounggirlfellintotheicecave.D.Awomancrashedthroughtheice.25.WhatwasLeothinkingwhenhewasinthewater?A.Hecouldbearealherothistime.B.Heregrettedthrowingoffhisstuff.C.Hewonderedwhoelsecouldhelp.D.Heneededtosavethepersonquickly.学科网（北京）股份有限公司
326.Accordingtothepassage,howdidLeofeelintheend?A.Worried.B.Proud.C.Confused.D.Shocked.27.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeLeo?A.Braveandselfless.B.Intelligentandambitious.C.Cautiousandsmart.D.Generousandoptimistic.CMostenvironmentalpollutioncomesfromhumansandtheirinventions.Theelectricbulbsarethoughttobeoneofthegreatesthumaninventionsofalltime.However,toomuchofagoodthinghasstartedtonegativelyimpacttheenvironment.Lightpollution,theextremeorinappropriateuseofoutdoorartificiallight,isaffectinghumanhealthandwildlifebehavior.Thereisaglobalmovementtoreducelightpollution,andeveryonecanhelp.Lightpollutionisaglobalissue.ThisbecameparticularlyobviouswhentheWorldAtlas（地图册）ofNightSkyBrightness,acomputer-generatedmapbasedonthousandsofsatellitephotos,waspublishedin2016.VastareasofNorthAmerica,Europe,theMiddleEast,andAsiaareglowingwithlight,whileonlySiberia,theSahara,andtheAmazonareintotaldarkness.Artificiallightcanwreakhavoconnaturalbodyrhythmsinbothhumansandanimals.Itinterruptssleepandconfusesthecircadianrhythm（生理节奏）—theinternal,twenty-four-hourclockthatguidesdayandnightactivitiesandaffectsphysiologicalprocessesinnearlyalllivingorganisms.Oneoftheseprocessesistheproductionofthehormonemelatonin（褪黑素）,whichisreleasedwhenitisdarkandispreventedwhenthereislight.Anincreasedamountoflightatnightlowersmelatoninproduction,whichresultsinlackofsleep,headaches,stress,anxiety,andotherhealthproblems.Bluelight,inparticular,hasbeenshowntoreducelevelsofmelatonininhumans.Itisfoundincellphonesandothercomputerdevices,aswellasinlight-emittingdiodes(LEDs),thekindsofbulbsthathavebecomepopularathomeandinindustrialandcitylightingduetotheirlowcostandenergyefficiency.Studiesshowthatlightpollutionisalsoimpactinganimalbehaviors,suchasmigration（迁徙）patternsandhabitatformation.Becauseoflightpollution,seaturtlesguidedbymoonlightduringmigrationgetconfused,losetheirway,andoftendie.Largenumbersofinsects,aprimaryfoodsourceforbirdsandotheranimals,aredrawntoartificiallightandareinstantlykilleduponcontactwithlightsources.Evenanimalslivingunderthedeepseamaybeaffectedbyunderwaterartificiallighting.OnestudylookedathowanimalsinsearespondedtobrightlylitpanelsputunderwateroffthecoastofWales.Fewerfilterfeedinganimals（滤食性动物）,suchastheseasquirt（海鞘）,madetheirhomesnearthelightedpanels.Thiscouldmeanthattheartificiallightisalteringoceanecosystems.Thegoodnewsisthatlightpollution,unlikemanyotherformsofpollution,isreversible（可逆的）andeachoneofuscanmakeadifference！Now,manypeoplearetakingactiontoreducelightpollutionandbringbackthenaturalnightsky.Individualsareurgedtouseoutdoorlightingonlywhenandwhereitisneeded,tomakesureoutdoorlightsareproperlyshielded（遮挡）anddirectlightdowninsteadofupintothesky,andtoclosewindowblinds,shades,andcurtainsatnighttokeeplightinside.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“wreakhavocon”inPara.3probablymean？A.Greatlyimprove.B.Wellmaintain.C.Strictlymanage.学科网（北京）股份有限公司
4D.Seriouslydamage.29.Accordingtothepassage,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Lightpollutionwasfirststudiedasaglobalissuein2016.B.Deep-seaenvironmentcanhelpanimalsavoidlightpollution.C.Artificiallightaffectsthesenseofdirectionandhabitsofanimals.D.LEDscanbeusedmorebecauseoflowcostandenergyefficiency.30.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthecontroloflightpollution?A.Unconcerned.B.Negative.C.Neutral.D.Positive.31.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tocallonpeopletoreducelightpollution.B.Todiscussforsandagainstsofartificiallight.C.Togivesuggestionstoprotectenvironment.D.Toshowdevelopmentprospectofartificiallight.DTherearehundredsofbacterial（细菌的）speciesinourstomach.Bacterialdiversityisagoodthing,ageneralcontributortoandmarkerofgoodhealth.Butwhatdoesahealthystomachlooklike?Studiesindicatethatthecompositionvariesbymanyfactors.Oneofthemostimportant,itturnsout,iswhoyoucurrentlylivewith.Researchershavecometotheconclusion：Dietandheritability（遗传力）areknowntoaffectthemicrobiome（微生物组）,butsocialrelationshipsshapeitmost—especiallywhenitcomestomarriage.TheDutchProject,whichstudiedmicrobesin8,208individualsbelongingtothreegenerations,findsthattheheritabilityofmicrobesisonly1.9percent.Theynoticedmuchgreatersimilarityamongtheunrelatedindividualssharingahouseholdthanamongrelativeswhodonotsharehouseholds,includingtwinswhoselivingsituationsdifferinadulthood.Theresearchersfoundthatnearly50percentofmicrobialtypesweresignificantlyaffectedbycohabitation.Ingeneral,themicrobiomesofalltypesofcohabitors(includingparentsandchildren)weremoresimilarthanthoseofparticipantslivingseparatelynomattertheirrelatedness.Marriedcoupleswhoreporthavingaclose,lovingrelationshiphavethemostsimilarity.Evidenceofmicrobialsharing,especiallyofrarespecies,showsexchangesthroughinteractions.Andthatputshighlightonactsofcloserelationship—includingkissing.Scientistshaveknownfordecadesthatsocialrelationships,especiallymarriage,powerfullyaffecthealth.Notonlyarethemicrobiomesofcohabitingcouplesmoresimilartoeachother;theyalsoaremoresimilarlydiverse.Thereisagreaterrichnessofspeciesthaninunmarried,noncohabitingindividuals.Despitethedominatinginfluenceofaclose,cohabitingrelationship,themicrobiomecanbedifferentindiet,especiallyonerichinplantfiber.Itcanalsobeinfluencedbybehavior,suchasfarmingandgardeningandexercise.Moreover,it'sadaptabletoenvironment—greenspaceandpollutantsaroundyou.Livinginaruralenvironmentbringsincreasesinbacterialinkedtohealth,anddecreasesinbacteriathatareharmful.Livingwithpetsalsohasapositiveeffectonthemicrobiome,whileexposuretoairpollution,especiallycarexhaust,andpassiveexposuretocigarettesmokehavenegativeeffects.Itcanalsobeaffectedbydirectadditionofspecificspeciesofbacteria,deliveredinconsumableprobiotics（口服益生菌）.Thereareprobioticsnowmarketedfordigestivehealth,othersaimedatimmunehealth,andstillothersforboostingmood.Nowthatit'sclearthatsocialrelationsplaythelargestroleinthemakeupofthe学科网（北京）股份有限公司
5microbiome,canprobioticsforsinglesbefarbehind?32.Whichgrouphasthemostsimilarmicrobiomes?A.Husbandandwife.B.Adulttwins.C.Grandfatherandgrandson.D.Colleagues.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Diethasadominatinginfluenceonmicrobiomes.B.Cohabitationishelpfulforustohaveabalanceddiet.C.Socialrelationsplayasimilarroleassomeprobiotics.D.Themicrobiomesincouplesarelessdiversethansingles.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhoAretheHealthiestPeople?B.HowDoesSocialLifeAffectOurHealth?C.WhatWillaHealthyStomachLookLike?D.HowDoMicrobiomesWorkinOurBody?第二节（共5小题；每小题2分,共10分）根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑,选项中有两项为多余选项。ANervousJourneyLet'stakeajourney.Itisgoingtobeafastone,sobeprepared.Wherearewegoing?Wearegoingtostartatyourheadandendupatyourtoes.35Itmaybetheshortestandfastesttripofyourlife.Areyouready?Let'sbegin.Wiggleyourbigtoe.Okay,we'redone.Youmightbesaying,“That’sit?”Wesaiditwasgoingtobeafastride!Youjustsentamessagewithanelectricalsignalfromyourbraintothemusclesinyourtoe.Bingo!Itmoves.36Theelectricalsignalsinyourbodycanmoveasfastas150meterspersecond.Intheamountoftimeittakesyoutosay“Mississippi”threetimes,anervecouldsendanelectricalsignalthelengthofafootballfieldandback.Nowthatyouknowhowfastanerveimpulse（神经冲动）cantravel,let'stakealookatthesystemthatisthehighwayfortheseelectricalsignals.Thehumanbodyismadeoftrillionsoftinycells.Eachcellissosmallthatyouneedamicroscopetoseethem.Yourskin,yourhair,youreye—allaremadeupofcells.37Musclecellsmoveyourbody.Skincellsprotectyourbody.Onespecialtypeofcell,neurons（神经元）,allowyourbraintosendmessagestoeverypartofyourbody.Thecenterofthenervoussystemisthebrain.Thebraintakesinwhatyoureyesseeandwhatyourearshear.38Youcanthinkofyournervoussystemasarelayteampassingabatonfromonerunnertothenext.Butinsteadofrunners,youhavecells,andinsteadofabaton,youhaveinformation.39Ithandsitsinformationtothenextcell,whichpassestheinformationtoanothercell.Intheend,theinformationreachesitsdestinationandcausesachange—maybeamusclecontracts.The"information"batonpassedfromneurontoneuronisusuallyasmallelectricaleventcalledanactionpotential.A.Justhowfastwasthesignalmoving?B.Aneuroninyourbrainstartstherelay.学科网（北京）股份有限公司
6C.Differenttypesofcellsdodifferentjobs.D.Youmighthaveheardthemcalledbraincells.E.Didyoueverwishyoucouldgoinsidesomeone'sbrain?F.Itmaynotseemlikealongtrip,butitisgoingtobefast.G.Ifyoudecidethatyouwanttomovearound,yourbraintellsyourmusclestodoit.第三部分书面表达（共两节,32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分,第42题3分,第43题5分,共12分）阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Aboutfiveyearsago,Iwaspartofapilotgrouptaskedwithhelpingthedisabledbesuccessfulinsidetheorganization.Mybossdecidedtobethesponsorforthepilotandhewasverykind.Untilthenwehadonlyhiredpeoplewithvisuallychallengeddisability.Iledtheinterviewprocessandhiredacandidatewithautism（自闭症）.Thecandidatehadthequalificationsbutourinterviewpanelfeltthedisabilitywouldpreventhimfromlearningtheskillsandbeingcompetentforajob.Iconvincedmypeers（同伴）togivehimarole,andtryout.Hefinallywashiredasatemporarycontractor.Igavethecandidatealotofencouragementandbecameoneofhismentors（导师）.Heslowlyandsurelyblossomedintheworkplace.Thereweremanydifficultiesandbarriersalongtheway.Buthetriedhisbesttoovercomeallthechallengeshisdisabilitybroughthimwithmyhelp,whichdeeplymovedhiscolleaguesandleadership.Gradually,hecametobeacceptedbythem.Hetoowonmanyfriendsandadmirationattheworkplace.Fastforwardfiveyears,hecalledmelastnighttoletmeknowthathegotaformalofferyesterdayfromhismanagerasaregularemployeewithajobtitle.Icongratulatedhimandtoldhimmyjoy.Hewentontosay“Sir,withoutyoursupportalltheseyears,Iwouldnotbehere."Itoldhim"Yoursuccessistherewardofyourhardworkandpersistence.Youareaninspirationtoalotofpeoplewithsimilardisabilities."Isn'titwonderfulthatapersonwithdisabilityisbecomingverysuccessfulinaworkplaceandmakeshisfamilysoproud?40.Whatwasthetaskofthepilotgroup?41.Whydidn'ttheinterviewerswanttohirethecandidate?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Thecandidategraduallycametobeacceptedbyhiscolleaguesandleadershipbecausehemanagedtomakefriendswiththem.43.Amongthequalitiesof“I”,whichone(s)doyouthinkwillbeimportantforus?Why?(Inabout40words)第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你参加了学校举办的线上英文演讲比赛。在准备的过程中,你的英国朋友Jim给了你很多帮助。请你用英文给他写一封邮件表达感谢,内容包括：1.介绍比赛结果；2.回顾Jim对你的帮助。注意：1.词数不少于100；2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。英语试卷第11页（共12页）DearJim,______________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua学科网（北京）股份有限公司
