考研写作逐字稿(供七节课使用)

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考研写作逐字稿（供七节课使用）课程安排：第一节:考研写作满分简介和写作基础知识介绍第二节:书信写作概论+考研书信作文讲解（±）第三节:考研书信作文讲解（下）第四节:考研图画作文之图表/图画描述第五节:考研图画作文之内涵分析（因果分析+利弊分析）第六节:考研图画作文之举例说明及建议提出第七节:大作文综合习作及当堂作文（示范+练习点评）第一节课内容：各位即将参加2010年考研的同学们大家好,在接下来的七次写作课程当中，我讲荣幸的担任你们考试路上的伴侣，帮助大家解决考研写作的各种问题.话说孑然一身空空来，小时未懂愁滋味,斤斤不计小人过,欠下一身人情债,鄙人是你们的写作老师孙欣,主讲的课程包括六级综合,考研写作，词汇4000,6000和10000,BEC写作，托福词汇和阅读,雅思词汇和写作.在做任何意见事情之前,我们都要问问自己两个问题第—l^iWhydoyoumakeit?第二个:Howdoyoumakeit?为了解决第一个问题，让我们首先来看一组数据，以证明我们为什么要考研.

12007年度考研人数为128.2万人,2008年度考研人数大幅减少到120万,而到2009年，报考人数又回升至124.2万人.从这组数据我们可以看出，近三年来考研人数都在120万的区间浮动,且变化不大.再看另外一组数据，2007年全国招收研究生数为36.4万,2008年是39万,而到2009年这个数字上升到41.5万人.从这组数据不难发现,研究生招生数量呈现逐年递增现象.讲这两组数据放到一起,我们不难得出以下结论：研究生考试的基本录取率是将近33%.也就是说，参加研究生考试的人里，三个中有一个被录取为研究生.相对于毕业生就业率仅有的10%,公务员考试录取率仅为1.75%,研究生考试无疑是风险最小的一项投资.为了避免大学毕业后就失业的窘境,考研无疑是最好的选择.既然确定了目标，我们下面来看看如何准备考研.准备一个主观性测试,譬如写作,譬如政治的论述题,譬如数学的证明题，最关键的是掌握出题的原理和解题的要求，出题者出题的目的是什么，要求考察的知识点是什么，需要反映的能力是什么.写作考试的出题者将题目反映到试卷上的时候，尤其会考虑到这些因素：1.考试目的（这是研究生考试大纲给出的定义）考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，以及一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章。写作时，考生应能：

21）做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；2）遵循文章的特定文体格式；3）合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯；4）根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语分析这个考察目的，我们不难发现考试的侧重点的不同，小作文重视考察信函类应用文文体的写作（类似于数学考试的计算题），而大作文注重考察对于事物进行描述,分析的能力（类似于数学考试的证明题）.两种考试的考察侧重点的不同还体现在：信函类应用文侧重于使用正确的格式和语域：注:所谓语域（register）就是使语言行为适应于某一特定活动类型，正式程度等的一种倾向.简而言之就是见人说人话,见鬼说鬼话的能力.大作文（看图作文）侧重于使用优秀的词汇，句型和语法，使文章连贯.2.考试要求：2.1.文章整体的结构性:两篇作文均采用平衡的三段式作文根据字数要求小作文为nolessthan100words-答题卡上的行数：12行404020402040

3304030哪种结构属于平衡？大作文为160-200words-答题卡上的行数22行9090209020906060604010040哪种结构属于平衡？2.2.写作时，保持写完一句空一格，写完一段空一行的良好习惯,与中文写作习惯不一致：Sheisbeautiful,andheishandsome.Sotheyarefamily.Sheisbeautiful,andheishandsome.Sotheyarefamily.2.3.每行保持12-15个单词,练习时使用考研写作专用答题卡（课堂展示）2.4.齐头式与缩进式的区别：齐头式为顶格写，缩进式为开头空（四个字母）（课堂互动）2.5.准备好三只蓝色或者黑色的圆珠笔/签字笔/钢笔（不建议使用-化水）（段子：中国学生有一个不好的习惯-转笔,考试常出现紧张而导致转笔技术动作出现走形，倘若有第二只笔补救,则不用担心,若一而再，再而三的掉，起码还有第三只笔补救.如果第三只还是掉地了，证明你的人品不及格了，马上交卷走人吧）.

42.6.写作考试时间安排（建议）：16:15-16:30小作文16:30-17:00大作文历年都会出现写作时间被阅读理解时间占用过多而不够用的情况，为了避免这种情况发生在考场上，建议同学们掐好时间练习，平时写作的时候，只写outline不打草稿,卡准小作文15分钟,大作文30分钟完成的原则进行练习，并且最好是能再提前一点完成，否则到了考场上，紧张感和混沌感导致的写作思路不畅必然影响写作质量.2.7.书写工整,字迹清晰,避免缩写L/It/e/ca/w/cub/hd/clk/lcm/n就缩写而言,个人不建议使用，毕竟不用缩写文章更正式，但是要注意几个细节：can,t=？（互动）二cannotInternet时刻要大写3.满分要求分析：小作文：a.内容要点9-10包含所有要点

57-8漏掉一两个次重点5-6包含多数要点4-3漏掉/未能有效阐述要点/无关内容2-1遗漏主要内容/许多无关内容写作中如何做到不遗漏任何要点？（互动）考官判断要点的方式是通过阅读所写文章,判断文章中是否出现和题目相关的核心词组/语料，以确定作者是否有遗漏,那么，我们在读题的时候,就必须养成勾勒语料的能力，将题目中所给词组圈出来，并进行分类，同类项省略.依靠这个原则，就避免了写作的时候不必要的遗漏重要信息点.但是即便划出了重点，也不能在写作时照抄不误.考研写作评分要求中明确指出，不可照抄原题的句子,否则降至6分起评.下面我们以2008年考研作文PARTA为例YouhavejustcomebackfromCanadaandYoushouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.DONOTsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use〃LiMing"instead.DOfoundamusicCDinyourluggagethatyouforgottoreturntoBob,yourlandlordthere.Writehimaletterto1)Makeanapology,and2)SuggestasolutionNOTwritetheaddress.

6红字部分是我们圈出的重点语料,而写作的过程中，必须覆盖这些相关词汇,否则就算是重点信息缺省.界定语料范围的方式:寻找名词，隔断句子,动宾介宾，归纳总结.b.语法和词汇9-10丰富的语法和词汇/自然流畅/极少错误7-8较丰富的语法和词汇/复杂结构和高级词汇有错误5-6足够的语法和词汇/有一些不影响理解的错误3-4有限的语法和词汇/有较多的影响理解的错误1-2单调的语法和词汇/很多极其影响理解的错误两大悖论：第一点：就书信写作本身而言，尝试非常复杂的词汇本身就是有悖常理的，然而考试要求中指出了需要我们反映丰富的词汇⑶第二点：就书信写作本身而言,尝试使用非常复杂的句型,譬如从句/从句套从句的结构，本身就是违反了书信写作的基本要求:simpleandnatural,然而考试要求中又确指出了需要我们反映出丰富的语法能力，而且众所周知，中国的学生在写作文的时候,一定能做到simple,文章要多simple就多simple,只是无法做到另外一点的要求:natural.请大家思考,如何让这两个悖论暗示了我们什么？

7首先就第一点悖论，我们分析以下，英文除了简单的单词和复杂的单词之外,还有什么是需要我们在卷面上反映出来的能力？很明显，我们忽视了一个很重要的考点一一词组!考研写作之中，第一个悖论其实是在暗示我们写小作文的时候要适当的加入词组的使用，而小作文的词组使用范围其实并不大，关键是掌握一些表示时间/地点/目的/条件的状语类词组.表时间的词组:justthen刚刚rightaway=atonce二soon=assoonaspossible立亥！Jatthemoment=now=rightnow现在attheverymoment就在那时beforelong不久之前longbefore很久以前forsometime有段时间atthattime当时atonetime曾经有时候bynow=sofar到现在为止bytheendof在...末inthepast在过去inthelong(short)run/term长期(短期)aperiodoftime=quitealongtime=asessionoftime一段时间

8byaccident/chance偶然beaboutto即将allthetime/while一直表地点的词组：aroundthecorner转角/处于转角的状态几个介词的用法提示:in-withinon-uponthrough-viaabout/around-roughly大约-regarding/concerning关于关于第二个悖论，既然我们不能在小作文中大量的描述复杂句或者复合句,那么只有两种方法才能反映出自己的书信写作能力，第一种，丰富的语法变化；第二种，简单句的复杂用法.书信写作中常用的语法（根据使用频率排列）有:一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时，现在完成进行时，文章中的句子和句子之间如果出现了不同时态的变化,对于阅卷者而言是明显的正面效果,这又要求考生在读题时把握好题目所涉及的时间段.譬如示例题目的时间跨度就特别的长，“havejustcomeback”暗示写作内容为完成时,“foundamusicCD”/uforgottoreturntoBob”暗示写作内容为过去时，“Makeanapology/“Suggestasolutionv

9暗示写作内容为现在时/将来时，因止匕，题目中如此大跨度的语法点即是在要求考生能将时态的变化反映在作文之中.所谓简单句的复杂用法，这是普遍学生难以理解的内容.在讲解之前，希望每个同学能理解这样一个概念：任何一个写作考试，都是考察学生对于一个主题进行扩写/改写的能力.扩写一个句子，我们惯性思考的方法总是将主句加入从句成分，句子自然而然就边长了，但是其实扩写一个句子的能力更关键的在于将简单句写复杂的能力.考研阅读原句赏析Mosttestsrequirecollectingcellsbyswabbingsalivainthemouthandsendingittothecompanyfortesting.(2009年TEXT2PARAGRAPH4)该句长达19个单词，句子中却没有一点分句结构，照样构成了长难的阅读点.Ratherthandismissingourselvesasunchangeablecreaturesofhabit,wecaninsteaddirectourownchangebyconsciouslydevelopingnewhabits.(2009年TEXT1PARAGRAPH2)该句同样是没有一个分句结构,长达21个单词的句子构成了不仅仅是长难阅读点,更是考试中的难点.因此，我们要写好作文，掌握好写复杂的简单句的能力是必要的.如何将简单句写长?-七步延长法Mr.Remyisaman.第一步：同义替换

10在中文的写作中，我们喜欢的是句子主干排比，音乐中：北京人说他风沙多，（内蒙古人就笑了）！内蒙古人说他面积大，（新疆人就笑了）！新疆人人说他民族多，（云南人就笑了）！云南人说他地势高，（西藏人就笑了）！政治上：解放思想是发展中国特色社会主义的一大法宝，改革开放是发展中国特色社会主义的强大动力，科学发展、社会和谐是发展中国特色社会主义的基本要求。而英文的写作中，普遍不喜欢使用相同的主干进行排比，Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowedandsomefewtobechewedanddigested.此句为FranciscoBacon的名言,而此句如果按照中国人的逻辑来说,就要用“有的书,有的书，还有的书”这一类的排比，但是在英文的表述中，很巧妙的使用了代词和谓语省略的方式来表述，这不免让我们看到了英语中简洁而自然的一面.现代人Istandheretodayhumbledbythetaskbeforeus,gratefulforthetrustyouhavebestowed,mindfulofthesacrificesbornebyourancestors.1.这句话是奥巴马在就职演说时说的一段话，同样使用了排比句型,从这两句话中我们都可以看出，英文不善于使用相同的主干进行排比,而在我心中，历史上最美丽的排比句是曾经曼联队的7号,LeonGeorgeBest的墓志铭MaradonaGood

11PeleBetterLeonBest该句不仅仅使用了排比,更引入了递进用法,让人感动至深.任何一个熟悉曼联队的球迷无不为之动容.由此我们可以看出，英文本身不善于使用相同的主干进行排比,也同时提醒大家在写作的时候不应该经常使用相同的单词,而要养成同义替换的习惯.在考试准备的时候,一定分类背一下同义替换词.Mr.Remyisaman.转变为Mr.Remyisanindividual.写作中常用人的替换：man-individualmen-folkteacher-tutor/professorstudent-bachelor/master/undergraduate/postgraduatemostpeople/fewpeople-majorityofindividuals/minorityofindividuals多数人/少数人第二步:短语优先原则写作中，短语使用的重要性在第一个悖论已经提过,这里作为第二步再次强调一下写作中如何运用短语：Mr.Remyisanindividual.转变为Mr.Remyreferstoanindividual.Is的替换：

12要替换is首先要明确be动词的作用Be+名词Be+形容词/介词短语两种结构在描述过程中有本质的区别：be动词后加名词的作用是下定义或解释说明，譬如Heisaboy.Sheisagirl.Theyarefamily.Thisisachair.Thisisatable.此类表示解释说明作用的系动词包括：Prove/turnout/referto（终止系动词）Mr.Remyturnsouttobeanindividual.Mr.Remyprovesagentleman.表示证明的同义词：bearout/testify/attestBe动词后面加形容词/介词短语表示主语的状态，譬如Heishandsome.Sheisbeautiful.Theyarematched.Heisonthechair.Sheisontheedge.Keep/remain/stay/stand/rest/lie（持续系动词）Feel/smell/sound/taste/look/seem/appear（感官动词）第三类系动词：表变化（become/grow/turn/fall/get/go/come）Theygetintouchforalongperiod.Theyfallinlovewitheachother.

13Mr.Remyusedtobeanindividual.Mr.Remygetusedtobeanindividual.第三步：动副形名结构用相对简单的方法理解，其实所谓的动副形名结构，就是要求所有人在写作的时候时刻提醒自己对所描述的主干加入修饰成分，名词需要形容词的修饰，动词需要副词的修饰。譬如Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.(2009年TEXT3PARAGRAPH1)该句中，formal和widely均属于可有可无的修饰成分，加入之后，句子显得信息更丰富，当然，形容词和副词还有另外一个作用：限制。限制所描述的名词，使描述得更具体。Mr.Remyturnsouttobea,andindividual.请大家思考，李觅老师可以用什么样的形容词来描述(互动)0K,各位同学请保持理性，我们在描述李觅老师的时候，一定不能用handsome一类不符合客观事实的词汇。

14我们可以注意到，描述一个人可以从两个角度。一类是外表,一类是内心，而考研写作考试中需要我们去描述外表的形容词并不会进行考察，而更多的需要我们掌握的是描述一个人内在或内心的形容词，譬如integrate/delicate/straightforward/humorous/Mr.Remyturnsouttobeahumorous,straightforwardandintegrateindividual.第四步：动词作分词结构动词作分词结构向来是写作考试中获取高分的重要途径，可是大部分的学生并不能很好的将其反映到写作考试中。我们首先来明确什么是动词作分词。Hecarriedhisbag,andheclimbedthehill.Shewascarriedbyherboyfriend,andsheclimbedthehill.这两句话的共同特点是主语的一致性。英语中本就不喜欢重复，但凡出现重复，尤其是主干中出现重复的东西，英语就喜欢用省略的方式或者代词的方式来表达。而中文的语法也有共同之处。譬如：李觅老师昨天爬山了，李觅老师背着书包。当中文主语一致时，绝对不会说出这样的话，那么中文的处理方式是：李觅老师昨天背着书包爬山。同理，既然英文作为喜欢简洁的语言，自然也不会让主语重复。因而英语引入了动词作分词的结构来使得句子简化。第一句话主语一致并且是主动语态，因此在省略句子主语时,要将原句动词变成ing结构（现在分词）

15Hecarriedhisbag,andheclimbedthehill.Carryinghisbag,heclimbedthehill.注：在这两句话里，是否加ing和语态有关系，和时态无关。第二句话主语一致并且是被动语态，因此在省略句子主语时,要将原句动词变为ed结构（过去分词）Shewascarriedbyherboyfriend,andsheclimbedthehill.Carriedbyherboyfriend,sheclimbedthehill.给出李觅老师的私人信息：李觅老师，早年辍学于中山大学，有丰富的留学经验，对于治疗考研翻译有神奇的疗效。Mr.Remy,quittingfromSunYat-senUniversity,beinggoodatcuringissuesoftranslation,turnsouttobeahumorous,straightforwardandintegrateindividual.第五步：时间状语/地点状语/不定式作状语（尤其在描述事件的时候）描述一件事物的时候，中文本身强调的是四要素：时间，地点，人物，事件（起因，经过，高潮，结果），英文写作同样如此，要交待清楚一个人，一件事，一幅画，一片景，一定要清楚地描述出时间或者地点，而在英语之中，同样也需要交代时间或地点，而最常用的方法就是将时间或地点用状语的方式表示出来，譬如Yesterday,carryinghisbag,heclimbedthemountain.

16表示时间或者状语常用的词分别是：after/before/when常用的介词（前文提及的复习）Tobehonest,Mr.Remy,quittingfromSunYat-senUniversity,beinggoodatcuringissuesoftranslationwithinNewOrientalSchool,turnsouttobeahumorous,straightforwardandintegrateindividual.不定式在做状语的时候，多用来表述：目的/程度/原因/结果Carryinghisbag,heclimbedthemountainsoastodomorepractice.（目的）Carryinghisbag,hewastootiredtoclimbthemountain.（程度）Carryinghisbag,heclimbedthemountainonlytofinditdifficult.（结果）Tomysurprise,carryinghisbag,heclimbedthemountain.（原因）第六步，同位语成分同位语的基本功能我们都清楚，就是解释说明前面的名词结构，如定语一样，其亦有限制性与非限制性一说，使用的时候，要判断该同位语与前面词语的紧密程度而决定。那么我们在何时需要使用同位语呢？第一：强调该名词特征的时候Mr.Remy,oneofmybestfriendsisamanofanykind.Mr.Remy,aGarfield-likemanisanE.T.（English

17Teacher）第二：强调该名词属性的时候Mr.Remy,plumpandgiant,isthebestmanofthebest.Tobehonest,Mr.Remy,theGarfield-likeman,quittingfromSunYat-senUniversity,curingissuesoftranslationandpsychologicalhealthafterenteringNewOrientalSchool,turnsouttobeahumorous,straightforwardandintegrateindividualofanykind.第七步：with+名词+介词短语/分词/形容词该结构是写作中的一个难点，其实这个就是做伴随状态的一个状语成分，但是在写作中，经常可以使用这样的结构，譬如WithageincreasingWitheyesblindWithyouthelapsedWithhealthdeteriorated,Witheconomyrapidlydeveloped,Tobehonest,Mr.Remy,theGarfield-likeman,quittingfromSunYat-senUniversity,curingissuesof

18translationafterenteringNewOrientalSchool,withyouthelapsed,turnedouttobeahumorous,straightforwardandintegrateindividualofanykind.按照步骤，扩写下句。Mr.Zhulikesplayingtabletennis.Mr.ZhuNing,slimandshy,beinggoodatreadingtests,afterenteringtheNewOrientalSchool,isextremelycrazyaboutplayingtabletennis,themostpopularsportinmodernChina.b.连贯9-10多种衔接手法，连贯，层次清晰7-8适当衔接手法，层次清晰5-6简单衔接手法，较连贯，层次较清晰3-4未采用恰当衔接手法，缺少连贯1-2未采用衔接手法，不连贯，无分段所谓的衔接方法和连贯，其实是在提示学生在写作的时候使用连接词来连接句子和词组，而英语中连接词的作用是用以体现句子的逻辑关系的，英语中逻辑关系包括：并列，转折，递进，因果，让步，假设六大类并列：and

19Both…and…And…aswellAswellas/asmuchasAandB,aswellasCA,BandCrespectivelyNotonly…butalso…(倒装的使用)作为并列关系的前后部分，要求有四大一致性，分别是1.词性一致2.若是动词，时态一致/若是形容词，级别一致3.褒贬义一致4.有的时候词意一致譬如法律的口号是公平，公正，公开奥运会的口号是更高，更快，更强这些都体现了并列前后的一致性。转折butHoweverAlthough…yet(despite,inspiteof)YetWhereasA,nonetheless,B

20NeverthelessWhile表转折关系的句子亦要求符合并列关系的前两者条件，但是更加强调的是褒贬义的相反或者句意的相反，写作中常用来表示欲抑先扬/反话正说之表达方式，即中文之，我国地大物博，物产丰富，棉花产量世界第一云云，后又转移至但是由于我国人口众多，人均产量位居世界倒数之位。因果becausesinceasforOwingto/thanksto/onaccountof/inasmuchas/inrespectthat（因为）Whatwith…whatwith半是因为，一半是因为（短语）hence,thereby,therefore,thus,accordingly,（所以）AResultinBAfromBAttributetoAscribetointhat原因：对于事物的具体描述/分析-description/analysis结果：对于事物的判断/总结/评价-assessment/conclusion互动：在座正在拍拖的有多少？/觉得男朋友好不好？/好在哪里？-潜台词：为什么好？

21以此证明中国人的思考方式是集合性模式，外国人的思考方式是线性模式。这就是中国人在解决问题的时候最喜欢用的一种方式一和稀泥。譬如中国经常有一个神秘部门一有关部门，而直接导致这种文化传到国外去后，写作的salutation中出现了Towhomitmayconcern这样的称呼。再譬如中国人政府在忽悠人民的时候经常说，这个问题我们一定组织力量，认真调查，积极配合，最后的结果我们会给人民一个满意的答复。过去一年之后，这个问题总是默默的disappearfromnowhere了。而书信中，要索取满意的答复，一定要写Pleasenothesitatetocontactmewheneverthereisanyproblem.递进：even/moreover/inaddition/furthermore/比较句型比较结构的平行和对称：对于错句Sherunsfasterthanme.的解释对于错句Thecaveisthreetimesashighasthebuilding.b.格式和语域(formatandregister)9To格式和语域恰当贴切7-8格式和语域较恰当5-6格式和语域基本合理3-4格式和语域不恰当1-2格式和语域无概念1）Salutation:DearMr.Li,（已知对象）DearSirorMadam,/Towhomitmayconcern,（未知对象）

221）Signature:Yourssincerely,/Yourstruly,/Yoursfaithfully,/Bestwishes,/LiMingLiMingLiMingLiMing注：Body部分写完后，另起一行将signature置于最后2）ComplimentaryClose:表示感谢：Pleaseacceptmysincere/heartfelt/devout/honest/frankappreciation/thanksforwhatyouhavesacrificedforme/us.It'snevertooexaggerated/over/extratoexpressmyappreciationtowhatyouhavedone/yourkindness.Iwouldappreciatetoexpressmygratitudeforwhatyouhavedone.It'sgratefulandthankfulthatyouIamgreatlyobligedforyour…表示道歉(辞职信隶属于该范畴)：Regret/apology歉意Pleaseacceptmysincereapologyifmyresignationcausedanyinconvenience.

23Pleaseacceptmyapologyforanyinconveniencecausedbymyresignation.Pleaseremitmyabruptresignationifitcausedanyinconvenience.Kindlyexcusemeforinterruptingyouthat(inthismatter)IgreatlyregretthatIhavecausedyousuchaninconvenience.Iwishtoexpressmyregretforsth.hascausedyou.表示建议:Proposal/recommendation/suggestion/advice/表示询问：Request/enquiry/inquiry/consultant/Itisobligedformetodosth.Thanksforyourkindnessthat表示投诉：

24Complaint/Ishallbegladifyouwilllookintothematteratonceandinformusthereasonofsth.需要回复：Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon/yourreplysoon.Pleasekindlyreplyatyourearliest/promptconvenience.Pleasenothesitatetocontactmeifthereisanyinconvenience.1）Register:（Table）Formal和informal的比较考研常用语域formal表格（对比formal和informalexpression）Body部分写作一一三段式写作（起，承转，合）任何书信写作的第一段必须首先交代两点主要内容：第一：作者与读者之间的关系第二：作者的写作目的李觅老师在看手机短信的时候，有这么几种短信，大家粗略判断一下是谁给李觅短信：

25第一个：亲爱的，我想你嘛！某个女朋友第二个：亲爱的，我要走了，对你的感觉不知如何诉说，打12590500就能听到我给你的留言。垃圾短信第三个：发票报销截止日期为6月26日，请未报销的同事及时到财务处办理。学校第四个：本公司有发票出售，为您的财务冲账销账带来便利，联系人：李先生。垃圾短信第五个：哥们儿，今晚有啥安排不？兄弟第六个：哥们儿，今晚不知道去哪儿啊？没关系，来东莞吧！这里让你尽享帝皇之感。垃圾短信显然，通过以上的六句话，我们不难判断李觅老师在看短信的时候，显然可以只看第一句就清楚的知道下面的内容是否需要再看下去，因此开头要交代和读者之间的关系是必要的。除此之外，第一句必然能看到作者的写作目的，通过看第一句话可以很容易区分作者的写作意图，那么读者就可以很快的判断是否应该继续阅读该信息。

26万能常用prologue交代与读者关系：(self-introduction)敬语：下对上，幼对长，个人对集体谦语：上对下，长对幼，集体对个人无语：幼对幼，长对长，下对下，上对上(平级)-可说可不说Iamaseniorundergraduategoingto/beingreadytograduatefromuniversity/stepoutofcampus.交代写作目的：Iamwritingthisletterto/Thisletterattemptsto咨询：enquire/inquirewhether/that/why/when/what/which/who/how建议：putforward/bringforwardmysincere/frank/honestsuggestions/recommendation道歉：express/deliver/convey/mysincere/honestapologythat感谢：express/deliver/conveymysincerethank/appreciation/respectfor起式：2005年真题：DearMr.Wang,

27AftertwomonthsservingDesigns&Fashionsasaneditor,Iwouldappreciatetothepositionofferedbyyourdistinguishedcorporation.InspiteofthepreciousopportunityandexperienceIhaveacquiredthroughouttheinternperiod,Istillhavetohandovermyresignationonyouonthebasisofcertainfactors.2006年真题：Towhomitmayconcern,IhavebeenawareoftheProjectHopeforacertainperiod,andafterbeingabletosupportmyownliving,Inowattempttooffermysincereassistancetoachildstillstayingataremotedistrictviamyslightfinancialstrength.2007年真题：DearSirorMadam,Asaseniorstudentwhofrequentlyvisitstolibraryduringlastfouryears,Iappreciateeverythingthathappenedtomeinthelibrary.Iamwritingthislettertoputforwardmyhumbleadvicesconcerningmeansofimprovingitsservice.2008年真题：DearBob,

28Ijustarrivedathomeacoupleofdaysandwhenunpackingmybelongings,I'vefoundtheCDborrowedfromyouamonthago.I'mreallysorryforforgettingtoreturnittoyou.2009年真题：（当堂练习）LettertoeditorDeareditor,Accordingtotherecentreportsfromyournewspapers,despiterulesandregulationshavebeenputintopractice,banninguseofplasticbagscanbarelyresultinsuccesswithincertainregions.Worriedaboutthecurrentsituationofongoingwhitepollution,I,asaresponsiblecitizen,amwritingthislettertoexpressmybriefopinionandadviceconcerningtheissue.什么叫做抄袭原题：YoujustcomebackfromCanadaandfoundamusicCDinyourluggagethatyouforgettoreturntoBob,yourlandlordthere.WritehimalettertoSampleA:IjustcamebackfromCanadaandsuddenlyIfoundamusicCDinmyluggagethatIforgottoreturntoyou,mylandlord.Ihavetoapologizeformymistakeandhopeyouforgiveme.

29SampleB:Ijustarrivedathomeacoupleofdaysandwhenunpackingmybelongings,I'vefoundtheCDborrowedfromyouamonthago.I'mreallysorryforforgettingtoreturnittoyou.两篇同是描述作者离开加拿大回家，忘了还CD,对这个行为表示抱歉.前一篇是对于原文进行赤裸裸的抄袭，并且只是对原文进行很小的改动，而后一篇的改动较大，使用了非常丰富的词汇和句型.两篇文字数相当,但是效果相距甚远.对比分析：IjustcamebackfromCanadaIjustarrivedathomeacoupleofdaysSuddenlyIfoundamusicCDinmyluggagethatIforgottoreturntoyou,mylandlord.Whenunpackingmybelongings,IfoundthattheCDborrowedfromyouamonthagowasstillleftinside.Ihavetoapologizeformymistakeandhopeyouforgiveme.I'mreallysorryforforgettingtoreturnittoyou.Body部分写作：

30感谢信（祝贺信）：歌功颂德，显然的，此类信件主要是感谢对方曾经为他自己或者为别人所做的一切，因此在写作中很明显的要求我们写宾语从句，以强调歌颂的对方所做一切的强悍。道歉信：推卸责任，此类信件不能从头至尾跟人说抱歉，那样显得过于矫揉造作，因此关键要掌握如何推卸责任的技巧,即虽然主观上有我的不是，但是客观上还有别的不好。主客观均要分析到位。建议信：欲抑先扬，提出建议固然是好事，共产党都教导我们要经常性的提出合理化建议为党为国家为人民，可是你是谁阿提那么多两毛钱的意见，对人心理上有摧残，古语有云：现在你有压力，我也有压力，你做峰挑衅我？（巴士阿叔）因此即便是提意见，也要用一个别人能够接收的方法，所以建议信一定要写主语从句和转折关系的句子。咨询信：多用疑问句。你本身已经是孙子了，要对着别人问这问那，别人凭什么一定要回答你阿。所以不要忘记在使用疑问句的时候，可以适当的使用一些宾语从句来缓和你问话的语气。重点句型：1.主语从句一一为什么用主语从句？(互动)主语过长基本格式：1)It+be+adj.+从句显然，李觅老师很难控制他的感情。

31ItisobviousthatMr.Remycanbarelycontrolhismood.1)It+be+n.+从句很遗憾，李觅老师很难控制他的感情。Itisapitythat2)It+be+过去分词+从句据说，李觅老师很难控制他的感情。Itissaidthat3)It+vi.+从句李觅老师似乎很难控制他的感情。Itseemsthat2.宾语从句一一注意时态问题一一直接引语/间接引语一一表语从句？主句+that/if/whetherwh-whom/whose/when/where/why/what/which/+h-how谁/哪里/什么时候/为什么/是什么/哪个/怎样谁一人Iwonderwhoishugginghernow.哪里一地点Iwonderwheresheistonight.今夜你会不会来？什么时候一时间Iwonderwhenwewillbetogetheragain.是什么一下定义Iwonderwhatourdestinyis.

32哪个一选择一which/whoseIwonderwhichoneshelikesbetter,meorhim?为什么一原因Iwonderwhyyougoaway.怎样一结果IwonderhowIcanwinyouback.要求虚拟语气的使用：建议suggest>advise要求demand、desire、require、request>propose决定decide、determine命令order>command坚决主张insist2.条件状语从句/时间状语从句黄色部分为可写可不写写作2005年真题：DearMr.Wang,AftertwomonthsservingDesigns&Fashionsasaneditor,Iwouldappreciatetothepositionofferedbyyourdistinguishedcorporation.InspiteofthepreciousopportunityandexperienceIhaveacquiredthroughouttheinternperiod,Istillhavetohandovermyresignationonyouonthebasisofprivatefactors.

33Tobefrank,IhaveacquiredvariousknowledgewhichoutweighswhatIlearnedintheuniversityduringthetwomonths,IhoweverfindthecareerisnotwhatIpursuitfortheirregularworkinghoursandroutineovertime.Moreover,whereasIwasarookie,itwasfartoodifficultformetocooperatewiththoseveteransinthesamedepartment,whichprofoundlydeterioratedtheefficiencyandeffectivenessofmywork.extrabonus：(overtone)1.editor的工作性质2.你所期待的工作方式2006年真题：Towhomitmayconcern,IhavebeenawareoftheProjectHopeforacertainperiod,andafterbeingavailabletosupportmyownliving,Inowattempttooffermysincereassistancetoachildstillstayingataremotedistrictviamyslightfinancialstrengthaswell.Iwonderifitispossiblethatyourdepartmentselectacandidatewhoisingreatneedofhelp,andespeciallywhosefamilycannotaffordhis/herstudieseversincethepreliminaryschoolorjuniorhighschool.Moreover,inordertomaintainmy

34assistance,Iwouldliketoannuallytransfermycash,includingthetuitionandcostofliving,intothebankaccountownedbyhis/herfamily.Also,Iampronetokeepintouchwiththestudentforencouragingandmotivatingfurtherstudiesinalongterm,therefore,thecontactingaddressisgreatlyneeded.2007年真题：DearSirorMadam,Asaseniorstudentwhofrequentlyvisitstolibraryduringlastfouryears,Iappreciateeverythingthatyouservemeinthelibrary.Iamwritingthislettertoputforwardmyhumbleadvicesconcerningmeansofimprovingitsservice.Overall,theserviceofferedbythelibraryiscomplimentary/applausive,therearehoweverstillseveralaspectstobeimproved.Ontheonerespect,itisfeasibleifthelibraryisequippedwithmoreseatsoneachfloorinthatthedemandofthemalwaysoutweighsthesupply.Ontheotherrespect,thoughstudentsenjoythetidyenvironmentandcleanfacility,thelackofairconditioninsummerdayspreventsstudentsfromlearninginthelibrary,whichprofoundlydeterioratesitsthefunction.

352008年真题：DearBob,Ijustarrivedathomeacoupleofdaysandwhenunpackingmybelongings,I'vefoundtheCDborrowedfromyouamonthago.I'mreallysorryforforgettingtoreturnittoyou.OfcourseIknowthatisyourmostfavoriteCD,IthereforewillsendbackyourCDviatheExpressMailServiceProbably,themailwillreachyouwithinnomorethanaweek.Also,forthesakeofcompensatingmymistakeandrepayingyourconsideratefavorwhenIlivedinCanadaaswell,IwouldencloseoneofmymostfavoriteCDsaboutfolkmusicwithyourCD.2009年真题：Deareditor,Accordingtotherecentreportsfromyournewspapers,despiterulesandregulationshavebeenputintopractice,banninguseofplasticbagscanbarelyresultinsuccesswithincertainregions.Worriedaboutthecurrentsituationofongoingwhitepollution,I,asaresponsiblecitizen,amwritingthislettertoexpressmybriefopinionandadviceconcerningtheissue.Forthesakeofthoroughlydealingwithsuchproblem,Iinsist

36thattheauthoritiesfirstlyshouldnotonlyemphasizetherestrictionofplasticbagsbutalsointroducesomepunishmentchargeofconsumingthem,suchaselevatingtheunitpriceto5RMB.Moreover,看图作文写作之图表描述/图画描述（既第一自然段写作）首段之写作，由图表和图画作文的题目可共同揭露一个共性:describethepictureandinterpretthemeaning.这里有两个要求：1.简要描述图表/图画2.揭露内在涵义那么我们又要明确两点内容：什么是描述，什么是内涵。根据传统中文对于描述的理解我们可以把描述图画置于观察物体的角度来分析：我们走进一个房间，不同的人有不同的观察方式：

37朱宁：哇！好多人阿！李觅：哇！好多美女阿！杨政：哇！有个美女穿得好少阿！根据三种人的不同观察方式，我们可以分析出三种人的个性朱宁：理性李觅：感性杨政：兽性观察事物由整体到局部一由宏观到微观的过程。因此我们在提笔写第一自然段的描写部分的时候，绝对不可以一上来就写图画的内容，而应该写图画给你的总体的印象。然则看图作文的图表描述亦可以分两种类型，一种为单图，一种为双图。两种图形的描写方式必然不同。作为单图，起初描述的时候，必先关注于一个核心：图画所反映出的大意（一般中文/英文描述已经给出）例如：2005年真题：Asisvividlydepictedinthecartoon,thereareintotalthreesonsandadaughterguardingeachgoalinfourcornerswhiletheoldestsoniskickinghispooragedfather,wearingshabbyclothes

38andhuddlingintoafootball-likeposture,outofhisfield.Inaddition,thefourdescendantsallweardecentclothesandfancydress,whereastheiroldfathernothingbutshabbyclotheswithpatchesandholes.第二段揭露implication的时候要对现象进行描述，并且提出作者观点：支持或者反对，有益处或者有害ThispictureattemptstorevealthenegativestatusquoinseveralChinesefamiliesthatthedescendantsrefusetosupporttheirparentswhohavegrownold.LikeJesussacrificinghislifeforthesakeofrescuinghisproteges,parentsneverceasetomakegreatesteffortstofostertheirchildrenwhenchildrenareborn.Certainchildren,however,aftertheirgrownupperformliketheJudaswhobetrayedJesus,alsodumptheirparentsandescape/shirktheirresponsibilitiesoftakingcareofparents.Definitely,suchabehaviorshouldbeblamedandcriticizedbythewholesocietyandarousethesocialconcernsaboutlivingconditionofseniorcitizensinanagingsociety.第三段进行评论，则进一步阐述作者观点，用议论的方式来进一步讨论为什么？为什么支持，为什么反对，为什么有益,为什么有害。Seniorcitizensaretheweakfolkswhothereforeneedmorecare

39andconcernsfromtheirfamilies,especiallytheloveofchildren.Whenoldpeoplefeellonesomeorevenlosetheabilityofself-care,children,sloveisthebestrecipetoexpelit.Justlikewheninnocentchildrengethurt,parents'loveisalwaystheirshield.Moreover,toavoidconductingfilialpietyistoviolatethetraditionalvirtuehandeddownbyourancestors.TheancientChinesewordsuAmongstoverallconducts,filialpietyisofvitalsignificancevshouldberepeatedlyemphasizedincurrentsociety.Insum,itis必背同义替换词汇：Portray描绘describeConvey传递deliverinterpretimplysuggestReveal揭露Theelderly老年人agedindividualsseniorcitizensveteran老兵Youngster年轻人adolescentsyouthcallowfellow图画描述法：单幅图细节描写法：2002年真题：WithabeautifulAmericangirlsmilinginthisphoto,itisnotdifficulttobeholdtheoverwhelmingtrendofcultureviathetinyimage,inwhichthegirlwearsatraditioncostumeofChineseminorityinsteadoffashionableclothesintheUnitedStates.Tobefrank,theaimofthispictureistodelivertheinevitable

40outcomeofmultinationalcommunicationwithinculturaldevelopment:theglamourandsplendidcultureofanationcouldbarelyberestrictedintonativelandonly,yetshouldbeintroducedtooverseasfieldsandappreciatedbymorefolksinvariousnationalities.2004年真题：Withayoungmanrushingtowardsthefinishingline,thereisastartinglinesettledinthesamespot.Thoughwinningthelaurelintherunningcompetition,sweatyandtired,theyoungsteryethavetoconfrontabrandnewchallengefromtheverybeginningratherthantakeashortbreak.由于题干中要求举例说明，则第二段要揭露内涵并分析原因,则就要求学生将二者合成为一个Themainideaofthisincredibleimageistoinspireindividualsthatitnevercomestoanendofpursuitthroughoutthelifetime,nomatterwhatkindofsuccessonehasachievedpreviously.Admittedly,itisenjoyableafterathletesmakecertainaccomplishment,suchasthosewhowonthegoldenmedalinOlympicGames.Theydeservedtheapplauseandpraisefrompublicand,ofcourse,wereentitledtospendtimebathinginthejoyandfun.Buthowlongshoulditlast,aweek,amonth,ayearorthe

41restoflifetime?Thereisnodoubtthatthealternativechoicewaslaidacrossthosewinners.Enjoyingrationalandsensiblecelebrationsandcongratulationsistotallyunderstandable,it,however,willmisstheopportunitiesofmakinggreaterprogressifgoingtoofar.Ontheotherperspective,wheneveryindividualrefusetomakeprogress,theircompetitormightnot.Loserswilldefinitelysettlethewinnersasthestrivingaim,andendeavortosurpasstherivals.Ifthewinnerstopstocelebratehissuccessandneverpursueahighergoal,hewillsoonerorlatervanishinthecompetitionandbecomenolongertheherobutthesorrow.Thereforetothegreatestextent,starvingfortheprogressallthetimeismuchmoreimportantthanthewinitself.第三段的描述则要学会举例子，而且例子是要支持原文所论述的观点的neverstopcourtingthesuccess成功论的贻害万年。成功：achievement,accomplishment,success,feat

42双幅图对比描写法:2003年真题:Onthebasisofbothpictures,thefirstoneportraysthatabloomingflowerrobustlysurvivesinsidethegreenhousenomatterhowfiercelythethunderandrainstormattackoutside.Comparedwiththepreviousone,thesecondimageshowsthatthoughundersameweathercondition,theflowerwithersandpetalsfadeawaywithouttheprotectionofgreenhouse.BothcartoonssymbolizethestatusquothathowChinesefamiliesfosterandeducatetheirchildren.Owingtothefamily-planningpolicy,themajorityoffamiliesinChinaonlygivebirthtoonechild,inevitably,thosechildrenarethereforewelldefendedbytheirparentseventhewholefamilyandpreventedfromconfrontinganydifficultiesandhardshipsasmuchasthegreenhouseshieldtheblossomflower.Itwillbeinevitablyperfectifanyindividualnevermeetanydifficulty.Howeveristhatpossible?Itisnoticeablethatthisisabrutalandcruelsocietywithfiercecompetitionandchallengingenvironmentwaitingforyoungstersandadolescents,nomatterwhatkindofeducationbackgroundwithinthefamily.IfparentsremainThus,for

43thesakeofadaptingtolivenotlivetoadaptinthefuture,thebestsolutionisthatparentsareawareofthesignificanceofeducatingchildrentheknowledgeabouthowtocopewithadversitiesasearlieraspossible.议论文写作要善用比喻/同级比较：Asmuchas:Justlike2007年真题：Thiscartoonportraysthesettingofapenaltykickforus.Theleftsideoneisagoalkeeper,whobearsinhismindthatheisdwarfedbytheulargegate”heisguarding.Onthecontrary,thekicker,therightsideone,whenshootingtheball,regardstheoppositegoalkeeperasgiantasthegateandsupposesthatthereisnoopportunityforhimtoputtheballin.Suchacomicimageprofoundlymirrorsaprevalentsocialphenomenonnowadaysthatpartialyoungstersandadolescents,particularly/peculiarlythosewhojustescapefromthetowerofivory,aretimid/lackofconfidence/performlikeacowardwhencopingwithchallengesordifficulties.Theyarepronetoexaggeratethedifficultiestheyfacetoanddemeantheirpersonal

44abilities,thoughmostproblemsarenotasimpossibleastheirimagination.Acaseinpointwhichisstillvividinmymindismyinternshipinatransnationalcompany.NosoonerhaveIcontractedwiththecompany,thanIwasarrangedtofollowmydirectmanagertoparticipateanegotiationwithChinesecustomers.ThoughIwasaseniorandmymajorwasapplicableinthetable,Iyetsuspectedthatthenegotiationformewasamissionimpossible.ThereforeIrefused祈求同情和怜悯的方式：家里穷困潦倒，大学本不打算上了，结果终于毕业了并且努力的准备考研。本能所及，缺乏自信的例子：找例子的宗旨:1.普遍性：不能让别人因为这个人而驳倒例子对于成功：体育人，音乐人，企业人，历史人，这些人都有共同的发展路径，其实我们在看到他们的生平简介的时候，我们都知道伤仲永的故事和范进中举的故事，那么这些故事的目的就是为了说明成功之后要追求更大的成功的对于自信：

45对于施爱：1.可知性：讲出来是个人基本都知道一一名字要好写，不要选不会的，比如苏格拉底，比如达芬奇，比如亚里士多德Aristotle2.便利性：故事好写，有代表性，不能写出来都不知道是什么鬼故事3.时效性：若可找到与时事结合的例子，那么就更方便了，建议在复习政治的时候多搜集一些相关资料。4.个性：对于事例而言，自己的例子永远比用别人的更能让人印象深刻，当然，最好的方法就是编，不过要合理。合理：备考，实习，比赛，不合理：揭露图画的内涵：2006年真题：盲目崇拜Asisvividlyportrayedbybothphotographs,therearetwofootballfansfanaticallyexpressingindividualenthusiasmtowardsBritishfootballsuperstar一DavidBeckham.Directly,themanontheleftpicturewriteshisadorationonhischeekwith“BECKHAM"protruded,therightone,while,sitsjoyfullyinthebarbershopandrequiresthebarbertoimitateDavid'shairstyle,whichcosthimthreehundredyuan.Itisthethought-provokingimagethatprofoundlyexposesthestatusquoofblindworshipandevenspiritualemptinessamongstChineseyoungstersandadolescents.Itisforalongtermthatthe

46youthregardfootballstars,musicstarsandevenactingstarsrespectivelyastheirsubjectandlearnfromtheirmotionsandfashions.Weighingthesenseandsensibility,majorityoffanaticandlunaticenthusiastsarepronetolusttheiremotionsforthesakeofadoringtheiridolsnomatterhowradicallytheycando,ratherthanrationallyexpresstheirlove.问题解决型经典模版1、Introduction：1)Generaldescription2)Details1,2,33)Caption/Symbo1icmeanings2、Body：1)Topicsentence/Symbolicmeanings2)Argument：background,facts,others'opinions,reasons,consequence(1)Causeandeffect(2)Classification(3)Definitionandexplanation

47(1)Exemplification:A.Numerousexamplescanbegiven,butthis/thesewillsuffice.B.Icanthinkofnobetterillustrationthanthefollowingone(s).C.This/Thesecase(s)effectivelyclarifythat…(2)Compareandcontrast1)Summary1、Conclusion：1)Concludingsentence2)Suggestions1>23)Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvethisproblem.(Itishightimethatwesolvedthisproblem.)现象阐述型经典模板1.Introduction:A.Asisvividlydepictedinthedrawingabove+detail1,2,3.Thedrawingdoesmirroracommonsocialphenomenonandisreallythought-provoking.B.Nowadays,+detai11,2,3.Sotherehasbeenagrowing/widespreadconcernamongthegeneralpublicover+phenomenon.

48A.Time+havewitnessed+phenomenon.Thereforeitisnotuncommontoarise+detai11,2,3.1.CauseandEffect:A.起：Theimpliedmeaningofthedrawingshouldbetakenintoaccountseriously.承转：reasons1,2,3,/results1,2,3,/Ireason+2result合：Thecurrentsocialphenomenonshouldarousethegreatconcernofourwholesociety.2.Conelusion/SuggestionAInmyview,suggestion1.Inordertoeliminatethecurrentevilphenomenonrevealedinthedrawing,relevantlawsandregulationsmustbeestablishedtosuggestion2.Onlyinthiswaycan+conclusion.观点论证型经典模板1.Introduction-提出具体的观点（如图所示）2.ArgumentationWiththeacceleratingpaceofmodernlife,+problem.Itisgenerallyagreeduponthat+opinion.

49reason1+sample1reason2+sample2reason3+sample31.Tosumup,+conclusion.Inmyopinionitiswise/necessaryforustocarryout+suggestion.Asaresult,+purpose.

50(-)称呼1、写给机构：DearSirorMadam,2、写给个人：Dear+人名，(二)正文：3段、7句左右、100—120词、3—5关联词、3—5从句1、第一段：1—2句1)自我介绍(1)工作人员：05：Iamastaffmemberfromyourcompany/corporation.06：IamastaffmemberfromMotorola(China)ElectronicsLtd.(2)学生：Iamafreshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduatefromtheDepartmentofChineseLanguageandLiteratureofBeijingUniversity.2)写作目的：(1)样题：Iamwritingtheletterinpurposeoforderingsomebooks.(2)05：IamwritingtoinformyouthatIwishtoresignfrommycurrentpost/position.2、第二段：3—6句

511)改写提纲一：1句2)改写提纲二：1句3)改写提纲三：1句3、第三段：1―2句1)表示感谢(私人建议信除外)(1)Myappreciationtoyouforyourgeneroushelpisbeyondwords.(2)WordsfailmewhenIwishtoexpressmysinceregratitudetoyou.(3)Itakethisopportunitytoshowmyheartfeltappreciationforthekindassistanceyourenderme.2)期待回信：(1)Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.(2)Ilookforwardtoafavorablereplyatyourearliestconvenience.(3)Yourpromptattentiontomyinquirywouldbehighlyappredated.(三)落款1、结尾客套Yourssincerely,2、签名：LiMing

521、2002ThepicturevividlydepictsalovelyAmericangirlintraditionalChinesecostumewithasweetsmileonherface.Shewearsribbons,necklacesandotheraccessoriesthatarecharacteristicoftheclothesofacertainChineseminoritygroup.Undoubtedly,thecostumehasaddedorientalcharm/glamourtoherbeautifullook/appearance/features.Whatthepictureconveysgoesfarbeyondonly/merelyanewfashiontrend.Instead,itcarriesculturalmeanings/implicationsaswell.ThefactthatpeoplefromdifferentcountriesareattractedtomysteriousChinesecultureindicatesthattosomeextentaculturecanbeaccepted,respected,appreciatedandsharedinternationally.Inotherwords、anation,sunique/distinctiveculturecanbecomeinternationalthroughworldwideeconomicandculturalexchanges.Sincethetrendofglobalizationbecomeirresistible,theincreasingculturalexchangescaneffectivelyimprovemutualunderstandingandfriendship.Itismyviewthatnationalcultureaspricelessspiritualtreasureshouldbepreservedandcherished.Meanwhile,therearegoodreasonstoadvocateinternationalcultureforthoseideasfromtheothercultures,controversialorevenabsurdatfirstsight,canprovidea

53differentperspectiveforustoobservetheworldinthelongrun.Nevertheless,whenweareconfrontedwithadifferentculture,weshouIdbesensibleenoughtoabsorbitsessenceandtoresistitsdarkside.Onlyinthiswaycanwepromoteculturaldevelopmentpositivelyandmakeourworlddimensional,colorfulandvigorous.1、2003Thesetofdrawingsabovevividlydepictsthedestinyofaflowerindifferentcircumstances.Asisshowninthefirstcartoon,theflowerisplacedinacomfortablegreenhousethatsheltersitfromthethreateninglighteningandstorm.Withpropertemperature,moistureandfertilizer,theflowerisgrowinginfullbloom.Onthecontrary,whenremovedfromthegreenhouseandexposedtothedrivingrain,theflowersoonfadesandwithers,withthepetalscastaboutonthegrounds.Tobeginwith,thepurposeofthedrawingsistoshowusthattheflowergrowinginthegreenhousecannotwithstandthetestoftheppliesthatcanshieldthechildrenfromthestorms,ortheharshreality.OncetheyoungpeoplebegintoseekindependenceandacceptchaHengesfromtherealworld,theyarefoundtoospoiledtobestrongenoughinthefaceofdifficulties.storm,yetthesymbolicmeaningseseriously.Thedelicateflowerpeople,tobespecific,theonlygreenhouseepitomizesparentsJsubtlyconveyedshouldbetakenmorisnaturallyassociatedwithyoungchildreninourcurrentsociety;thedotingcareandabundantmaterialsuAccordingly,itisvitalforustoderivepositiveimplicationsfromthesethought-provokingdrawings.Ontheonehand,wecanfrequentlyusethemtoenlightentheyouthtobemoreindependentinlife.Ontheotherhand,parentsshouldbesensibleenoughtogivetheirchildrenmorefreedomtodealwithtroublesandproblems.Onlybyundergoingmorechallengesandtoilsinadversitycanyoungpeoplecultivatestrongpersonalityandability,andonlyinthiswaycantheybecomewinnersinthiscompetitiveworld.3、2006

54Asisvividlydepictedinthephotosabove,Beckham,thesmartBritishfootballsuperstar,isenjoyingastrikingpopularityamongtheadolescents.Inthefirstpicture,Beckhamsnameappearsonayoungman'sface.Thecaptionindicatesthatworshipfortheidoliswrittenontheface.Inthesecondphoto,anotheryoungmanisdoingBeckham,schichairstyleinabarbershop.Weareinformedthatheisspending300yuanimitatinghisidol9shaircut.Undoubtedly,thepictureshavesubtlyreflectedthesocialphenomenonthatidolworshipisprevalentamongtheteenagersnowadays.Beckhamrepresentstheimageofsportherowhosehandsomeappearanceandunparalleledfootballskillsarepassionatelyadoredbyallthesportsfans.Likewise,severalteenagegirlswontheirfameovernightinThe2005SuperGirlContestinChina,whichprovokednationwidenoisydebatesonthevalueandharmofadmiringtheseidols.Brieflyspeaking,youngpeopleareinclinedtoidolizethepeoplewhoexcelinappearance,intelligenceortalent.Hence,idolatry,thethought-provokingsocialphenomenon,isadouble-edgedswordwhichcanexertprofoundinfluenceonthegrowthofyoungpeople.Ifwesimplyworshiptheidolsbyimitatingtheirhairstylesorpursuingfashionsunreasonably,theobsessionwillcertainlywasteusagreatdealofmoneyortime,endangeringtheefficiencyofourwork.Onthecontrary,wewillleadapositiveandfruitfullifeifweendeavortoimproveourselvesbybridgingthegapbetweenourmodelsandus.Accordingly,thelatterattitudeshouldbeadoptedtodirectourwayoflife.4、2007Aswecanseefromthepicture,afootballmatchisgoingon.Onguardingthegoal,themanontheleftseemstobekeepingaahugegoal“thatiseasyandinevitableforagoal,whilethepersonontherighthesitatestokicktheballwithanillusionaboutthe“hugegoalkeeperw.Itisobviousthatbothofthemexaggeratethedifficultiesinfrontofthem.Thisphotodoesreflectathought-provokingsocialphenomenonwhichisnotuncommoninChinanow.Theyoungalwaysgiveupbecausetheproblemisbeyondtheirabilitytocopewith.Superficially,itsee

55mstobesomewhatreasonable,butwhenweighinginthemind,wefindthereisanapparenttendencyunderlyingthisphenomenon:thelackofconfidence.Firstly,itiswell-knownthatweexistinadynamicworldwithvariousdifficulties.Wecandonothingbutfacethem.Secondly,attitudeisthekeypointtotakethefirststep.Assumebraveryandconfidencetosolvetheproblem,youwillfindthequestionisnotas"huge"asyouimagine.Takeusforexample,theentranceexamforgraduatestudentsevenseemstoahorriblemonsterbeforeus.Somepeoplegiveup,somepersist.So,withconfidenceandtherightassessmentofthedifficulties,tryandexertyourstrength,andthenwewillovercomeallproblems.Onthewhole,Ibelieveweyoungpeopleshouldfacethedifficultiesinrightmanner.Andnothingisimpossible,justdoit.5、Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen3)giveyourcomments.Asissubtlyportrayedinthedrawing,twohandicappedyoungmenareheadingtowardstheirdestinationwithvigorousstrides,leavingalltheircrutchesbehind.Thehardshipofdisabilitybeingnolongeranobstacleontheirjourney,theysupporteachotherwithfirmhandsandproceedsteadily.Thecaptionindicatesthattheycantravelnorthandsouthextensivelywithcombinedlegs.

56Itisapparentthatthecartoonistaimsatremindingusoftheimportanceofcooperationinourdailylife.Hardlycananyoneachievesuccessinhiscareerwithouttheassistanceofhiscolleaguesandpartners.Ascompetitioninalllinesofworkgrowsincreasinglyfierce,wemustdefeatourrivalsthroughpowerfulteamwork.TakebasketballheroYaoMingforanexample,hecanslamthedunksmartlybecauseallhisteammatescontributemoreorlesstohisoutstandingperformance.Likewise,thesuccessfullaunchingofChang'eNo.1lunarprobeshouldbeattributedtotheChinesescientists'jointeffortsinsteadofindividualaccomplishment.Ifweworkseparately,wewillbeconfinedtofrailmindsandlimitedresources.Onthebasisoftheanalysisabove,wemaydrawaconclusionthatcooperationandteamworkreallycountinthiscompetitivesociety.Hence,weshouldassociateourselvesharmoniouslywithourcompanionsineveryattempttowardsourgoals.Inaddition,itisindispensabletotrainourkidsfrequentlytointeractsmoothlywithothersinateam.Astheproverbgoes,unityisstrength.6、Directions:Studythefollowingpicturescarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)describethepicturebriefly;2)interpretthesocialphenomenonreflectedbyit,and3)giveyourpointofview.Inrecentyears,peoplearedevelopinganinseparablerelationshipwithInternet.Asisvividlydepictedinthepicture,itisconvenientforustoclickthemousewhensurfingonline,eithertoentertainourselvesortomeetthework'sneeds.Actuallyon-linevisitinghasbecomearoutineactivityinoureverydaylife.However,itseemsratherironictouseachaininsteadofnormalwiretoconnectwiththemouseinthispicture.TheexaggerativeandimpressiveportrayalhassubtlyrevealedthedualityoftherelationshipbetweenmanandInternet.

57Discussiononthedualityhasbecomeverypopularinnewspapersorinpeople'schats.Ontheonehand,noonedeniesthatInternetiscurrentlyoneofthemostusefulmediainourdailylife.Peoplefromallwalksoflifearebenefitingconsiderablyfromitspowerfulfunctionofinformationcommunication.Butontheotherhand,agreatmanypeopleadmitthattheyaretoomuchaddictedtoInternettomaintainaregularandwholesomelifestyle.Cyber-livingresemblestheexperienceoflookingconstantlyintoakaleidoscopewhichdisplaysbothcoloredpatternsandillusions.Suchawasteoftimeinevitablyleadstotheirfailureintheirlifeandwork.Accordingly,itisnecessaryforustouseInternetinareasonablewayandrestrainfromoverindulgence.Foronething,collegestudentsinexpandingnumbersgetonlineeverydaytolearnthenews,tostudyEnglishbyregisteringforwebcourses,toexchangeinformationthroughe-mailswiththeirnetfriendsandtodownloadtheirfavoritemusic,flash,filmandpictures.Beingveteranon-lineshoppers,theyfrequentlypurchasebooks,CDsatmuchlowerprices.Foranother,onceindulgedinthefictitiousworld,peoplecanbarelyconcentrateonreallife.Consequently,manystudentsjustchatonlineorplaycomputergamesimmoderatelyeveryday,skippingmanyessentialclasses.Afterall,Internetisinventedtoenrichourlife,toconnectyouandme,andtoimprovetheefficiencyofourworkratherthanshackleuswithachain.