大学英语疑难杂症解析

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同词异义音:Aaboardadv.在船（飞机、车）上，上船（飞机、车）prep.在（船、飞机、车）上，上（船、飞机、车）abstractn.［'史bstraekt］摘要，概要，抽象adj.抽象的，深奥的，理论的vt.［Ub'straekt］摘要,提炼,抽象化e.g.Herideasseemalittleabstract.attributen.［artribju（:）t］属性,特质;标志,象征；【语】定vt.［raetribju（:）t］把・・.归因于（t。）....，认为...系某人所为e.g.Ascepteristheattributeofpower.accessn.通路，访问，入门vt,存取，接近e.g.Studentsmusthaveaccesstogoodbooks.accordn.一致，符合，调和，协定vt.一致，给与vi.符合e.g.Theboyswereplacedinthreegroupsaccordingtoheight.accountn.计算，帐目，说明，估计，理由vi.说明，总计有，认为，得分vt.认为e.g.Youhavetotakethebadroadintoaccount.acidn.［化］酸,＜俚＞迷幻药adj,酸的，讽刺的,刻薄的e.g.Heracidremarksmademeveryangry.acuteadj.敏锐的，［医］急性的，剧烈的；（指声音）高的e.g.Heisanacuteobsever.adaptvt.使适应;改编，改写vi.（to）适应e.g.Weadaptourselvestothehotweather.addressn.地址,致辞,演讲，说话的技巧vt.向・・・致辞,演说,写姓名地址,从事，忙于e.g.What'syourhomeaddress?advancen.前进,提升,预付款v.前进,提前,预付adj.前面的,预先的预付（款项）e.g.Sharepricesshowedgreatadvancestoday.airn.空气,样子,天空,空中，曲调vt.晾干，使通风,宣扬,夸耀,显示alarmn.警报,惊慌,警告器vt.恐吓,警告e.g.EverybodywasalarmedatthenewsthattheWorldTradeCenterTowercollapsed,alternativen.二中择一，可供选择的办法，事物adj.选择性的，二中择一的e.g.Youhavethealternativeoffightingorbeingtakenprisoner.amountn.数量vi.（to）总计，等于e.g.Compellingadictionaryinvolvesalargeamountofwork.annualn.一年生植物,年刊,年鉴adj.一年一次的,每年的antiquen.古物，古董adj.古时的，过时的e.g.Chinesestyleantiquefurnitureisregardedasakindoffashioninmanywesternfamilies.appealn.请求，呼吁，上诉，吸引力，要求vi.求助，诉请，要求vt.控告e.g.Environmentalistsappealtopeopletouselessplasticbags.approachn.接近，逼近，走进，方法，步骤，途径，通路vt.接近，动手处理vi.靠近

1e.g.TheapproachoftheCETBand-4makesmenervous.archn.拱门，弓形结构，拱形v.（使）弯成弓形adj.主要armn.臂,臂状物,衣袖,海湾,武器vt.供给,提供,武装,装备vi.武装起来articlen.文章，论文，物品，商品，项目，条款v.清楚说出adj.表达清晰的associatevt.使发生联系,使联合vi.交往,结交n.合作人，同事adj.副的attendvt.出席,参加,照顾,护理,注意vi.（to）专心，留意e.g.Thedoctorattendedhispatientsregularly,attributen.品质，特征，属性v.归因于，归咎于e.g.Manypeoplesuccesscanbeattributedtohardworkandabitofluck,averagen.平均，平均水平,平均数，海损adj.一般的，通常的，平均的vt.平均为，均分，使平衡,达到平均水平Bbalancen.秤，天平，平衡，［商］收支差额,结余,余额v.平衡,称,权衡,对比，结算n.资产平稳表e.g.Don'tbeexcited,keepyourbalance.balln.球,球状物，子弹，舞会，尽情地玩bandn.带子，镶边，波段，队，乐队vi.联合，结合vt.用带捆扎;使聚集成bankn.银行,堤,岸,沙洲,浅滩,一堆（土），（云）层,储藏所（库）vt.存（款）于银行,储蓄，（车或飞机）倾斜转弯e.g.HebankedthemoneyattheBankofChina.barn.条,棒（常用作栅栏,扣栓物），横木,酒吧间,棚）,障碍物vt.禁止,阻挡,妨碍,把门关住,除...之外，（Bar）律师业bareadj.赤裸的，无遮蔽的，空的vt.使赤裸，露出e.g.Thereisnothingtobesurprisedatifyouseesomeboysplayingbasketballbaretothewaist.bargainn.契约,合同,成交商品,便宜货v.议价barkn.树皮，吠声vi.吠，咆哮，剥树皮vt.厉声喊出，仓促地说出batn.蝙蝠，球棒v.用球棒击球；［计］批处理文件的扩展名beamn.梁,桁条，（光线的）束,柱，电波，横梁vt.播送vi.微笑，发光e.g.Thesunsheditsbeamsontheorchard.bearn.熊v.负担,忍受,带给,具有,挤,向e.g.Thepainwasalmostmorethanhecouldbear.beatn.敲打，拍子，巡逻区域;（心脏等的）跳动声vt.打，打败vi.（心脏等）跳动e.g.Herheartwasbeatingwithjoy.betteradj.较好的adv.更好的，更多的,更佳的vt.改善；（使）改善e.g.Theworkingconditionsfortheintellectualshavebetteredagreatdeal,bidvt.出价,投标,祝愿,命令,吩咐n.出价,投标v.支付e.g.Hebid$5foranoldbook.bindvt.捆绑，束缚，用绷带包扎Vi.变坚实n.捆绑（物）blankadj.空白的，空着的,失色的，没有表情的n.空白，＜美＞表格vi,成为空白，变得含糊不清或单薄（out）.变得心不在焉或迷惑;晕眩e.g.Hermindseemedtohaveblankedout.blastn.一阵（风），一股（气流），爆炸，冲击波vt,爆炸，毁灭，使枯萎，损害blockn.木块,石块,块,街区，印版,滑轮,阻滞，（一）批vt.防碍,阻塞e.g.Thepolicehaveblockedtheroad.blown.殴打,突然的打击v.风吹,吹气于,叫，喘气e.g.Thehornblew.

2bluen.蓝色adj.蓝色的，忧郁的,沮丧的boardn.木板，（供特殊用途的）木板，甲板，膳食费用；会议桌，全体委员，委员会（尤指管理机构）；（政府机关或商业）部门vt.用板盖上，包饭，提供膳食，上（船、飞机等）e.g.Iamboardingatafriend'shouse.boltn.门闩，螺钉，闪电，跑掉v.上门闩，囱|冏吞下，逃跑bondn.结合（物），粘结（剂），联结,公债,债券,合同v.结合bookn.书,书籍,卷,篇,帐簿,名册,工作簿V.登记,预订,控告e.g.Thetheaterisfullbookedforeveryeveningthisweek,boomn.繁荣,隆隆声v.发隆隆声,兴隆,大事宣传e.g.Inacitywithboomingindustry,landispreciousandcannotbeextravagantlyusedfortraffic.boren.令人讨厌的人，怒潮，枪膛，孔;使人讨厌的人，令人生厌的事v.使烦扰，钻孔，e.g.I'mboredwiththisjob.bossn.老板，上司vt.指挥e.g.Davidlikesbossingpeopleabout.boundn.跃进,跳,范围，限度adj.正要启程的,开往...去的,被束缚的,装订的v.跳跃，限制e.g.Thenewdiscoveryisboundtobeofgreatservicetomankind.bown.[bau]弓，乐弓，弓形,鞠躬,船首,蝴蝶结V.[b©u]鞠躬,弯腰boxn.盒子,箱,包厢，岗亭,一拳v.装...入盒中，打耳光,拳击brandn.商标,牌子,烙印vt.打火印,污辱e.g.Whatbrandofsoapdoyoulike?branchn.枝,分枝,分部,分店，（学科）分科,部门，支流,支脉v.出现分歧breakn休息,暂停,破裂,突v打破,违犯,折断,削弱,超过,突变e.g.Thebankbroke.breedv.（使）繁殖，教养，抚养n.品种，种类e.g.Hebreedscattle.brimn.（杯，碗等）边，边缘，（河）边vt.注满,使满溢vi.满溢budgetn.预算vt.做预算,编入预算vi.编预算adj.合算的,廉价的Ccabn.一种压缩文件格式,出租马车,出租汽车,计程车，（机车,卡车,起重机的）司机室,驾驶vi.乘出租马车cablen.电缆,海底电报,缆v.打（海底）电报，电汇e.g.Mothercabledhersontocomeinnnediately.canvt.装进罐中，把食品装陲n.罐头，铁罐conj.能，可以capacityn.容量,生产量,容量,智能,才能,能力,接受力,地位e.g.Thatbowlhasacapacityoftwopints.casen.事,病例,案例,情形,场合,讼案,容器，（语法）格;箱，盒;壳;套;框，框架castn.投掷，铸件，脱落物，一瞥，演员表v.投，抛，投射，浇铸，计算，派（角色）e.g.Thetreecastitsshadowonthewindow.causen.原因，导致某事发生的人或事,动机,理由，根据，目标,理想,事业vt.引起,惹起，使（发生），促成cementn.水泥,接合剂vt.接合，用水泥涂，巩固vi.粘牢championn.冠军，拥护者，战士vt.拥护,支持changen.改变,变化,转变,找回的零钱,找头，辅币vt.改变,变革,改造,兑换channeln.海峡，水道，沟，路线vt.引导，开导，形成河道，信道，频道e.g.TurntotheotherchannelIdon'tlikethisshow.chapn.＜俗＞伙伴,家伙，小伙子,颗,颊v.（使）皴裂e.g.Dryskineasilychapsincoldwinterbutoilskincontrarily.

3chargen.负荷，电荷，费用,主管,掌管,充电,充气,装料v.装满,控诉,责令，告诫,指示,加罪于,冲锋，收费e.g.Thefruitsellerchargedmetoomuchmoney.checkn.阻止,制止,控制，阻止物,支票,检讫的记号,饭馆的帐单vt.检查,制止，核对,寄存,托运e.g.Thelastguestscheckedoutoftheirroominthemorning.chewvt.咀爵（食物等）v.咀嚼,认真考虑chiefn.首领,领袖,酋长,长官,主要部分,最有价值的部分adj.主要的,首要的,首席的,主任的claspn.扣子，钩，紧握，抱住v.扣紧，紧握，搂抱，密切合作clearadj.清楚的,清晰的,清澈的,光亮的，空旷的,有条理的adv.清楚地,完全地v.扫除，清除，晴，跳过，净得e.g.Let'sclearallthiscrapoffthekitchen.cloakn.斗蓬，宽大外衣，掩护vt.用外衣遮蔽,披斗篷coatn,外套，（动物的）皮毛，（植物的）表皮，（漆等的）层，涂层vt.涂上，包上e.g.Coatedwithdust,thetableshouldbegivenathoroughcleaning.cockn.公鸡，雄鸟，头目，（水）龙头Vt.使耸立，使竖起，堆成锥形Vi.大摇大摆地走，翘起commandn.命令,掌握,司令部v.命令,指挥,克制,支配,博得,俯临e.g.Icommandyoutogo.companyn.公司，陪伴，（一）群，（一）队，（一）伙，连，连队composev.组成，写作，排字，（使）安定，调解vt.（由…）组成，构成e.g.Wateriscomposedofhydrogenandoxygen.concreteadj.具体的，有形的n.混凝土v.用混凝土修筑，浇混凝土，凝结conductn.[rkndkt]n.行为，操行v.[kon'dkt]引导，管理，为人，传导e.g.Plasticandrubberwon*tconductelectricity,butcopperwill.conductorn.领导者，经理，指挥管弦乐队、合唱队的，（市内有轨电车或公共汽车）售票员，＜美》列车长consultv.商量，商议，请教，参考，考虑；查阅；咨询e.g.IconsultedGeorgeaboutbuyingacar.contentn.['k力ntent]内容,容量,目录，满足adj.[k心n'tent]满意，满足，愿意vt.使满足e.g.I'mnotcontentwithbeautifuldreams,andIwantbeautifulrealities.contractn,[rk^ntraekt]n.合同,契约，婚约v.[kSn'traekt]使缩短,感染,订约e.g.Theycontractedtobuildthenewbridge.contributev.捐助，捐献，贡献，投稿counseln.讨论,商议,辩护律师vt.劝告，忠告e.g.Iwouldcounselyoutosaynothingabouttheaffair.countern.计算器，计数器,计算者，柜台，筹码vt.反对；驳回e.g.Hecounteredmyargumentwithaquestion.couplen.（一）对，（一）双夫妇vt.连合，连接，结合vi.结合，结婚creditn.信任，信用，声望，荣誉，［财务］贷方，银行存款;学分vt.相信，信任，把..归给e.g.Heclaimsallthecreditforthemselvesandshiftallblameonothers,cricketn.［昆］蟋蟀，［运动］板球criminaln.罪犯,犯罪者adj.犯罪的，犯法的,罪恶的currentadj.当前的,通用的,流通的,现在的，草写的,最近的n.涌流,趋势，电流，水流,气流e.g.Overcomecurrentdifficulties.

4customn.习惯,风俗,〈动词单用〉海关，（封建制度下）定期服劳役,缴纳租税，自定义,〈偶用〉关税e.g.Attheairport;thecustomsofficerssearchedhiscase.cutv.切（割、削），（直线等）相交，剪，截，刺穿，刺痛，删节，开辟n.（刀、剑、鞭等的）切削,削减，删节，伤口，切口Ddaren.挑战aux..敢，胆敢vt.敢冒，不惧dashn.少量（搀加物），冲撞,破折号,锐气,精力,干劲vi.猛掷，冲撞vt.泼溅，使猛撞,搀和使破火，使沮丧,匆忙完成e.g.Hemadeadashattheenemy.daten.日期，日子，（历史上某一）年代，时期，约会，枣椰子vt.约会,定日期vi.注明...的日期，过时dealn.交易，（政治上的）密约，待遇，份量，＜口＞买卖vi.处理，应付，做生意e.g.Wehavetodealnocommonenemy.deliberateadj.深思熟虑的，故意的，预有准备的v.商讨e.g.Hetoldusadeliberatelie.desertn.［'dezat］沙漠，应得的赏罚，功adj.沙漠的，荒凉的vt.［di'za:t］放弃，遗弃，逃跑dialn.刻度盘，钟面，转盘，（自动电话）拨号盘v.拨digestn.分类，摘要vi.消化vt.消化，融会贯通e.g.Digesteverythinginthebook.directadj.径直的，直接的，直系的，直率的，［天］由西向东运行的,顺行的adv.直接地vt.指引，指示,指挥,命令,导演vi.指导,指挥discountn.（价格，债款等）打折扣vt.打折扣，漠视，不考虑documentaryadj.文献的n.记录片draftvt.起草，做……的草稿，草拟n.草图，草案，汇票e.g.HegotmoneyfromParistoRomebydraft.drawv.拉,曳,牵,画,绘制,拖曳vt.汲取,领取,提取,引起,吸引vi.向...移动，挨近n.平局，和局，拖曳drilln.钻孔机，钻子，播种机，军事训练，操练，（反复）练习，条播机v.训练，钻孔，条播e.g.Eachmanandwomandrillstwiceaweek.dropv.滴下,落下，（使价格等）下降n.落下，下降，滴,滴剂,点滴,微量，下跌edgen.刃，边缘，棱v.侧身移动，挤进elasticadj.有弹性的，灵活的，有韧性的n.松紧带，橡皮筋endn.末尾，端，稍：目标，目的v.终止，结束engagevt.使忙碌,雇佣,预定，使从事于,使参加evenadj.平的,平滑的，偶数的,一致的,平静的,恰好的,平均的,连贯的n.偶数，偶校验excessn.[ik'ses]n.过度,剩于,无节制,超过,超额adj.['ekses]过度的，额外的e.g.Youhavetopayforexcessluggageonaplane.excusevt.原谅，申辩，做为・・.的托辞，为・・.免去n.饶恕,致歉,理由，口实，借口，清借条,免去

5executiveadj.执行的，实施的n.总经理，负责人expertn.专家，能手adj.熟练的，内行的exportn.[rekspt]输出业,输出v.[iks''pt]出口，输出（货物）expressadj.急速的,特殊的，明确的n.快车,快递,专使vt.表达，表示adv.乘快车,以快递方式eyen.眼睛，眼力vt.看，注视Ffacen.脸，面孔；表面，外貌vt面向，面临faintadj,微弱的,微小的vi.昏厥,混倒e.g.Somepeoplewillfaintatthesightofblood.fairn.集市，博览会，交易会adj.公平的e.g.Thevillagehasafaironceamonth.falln.落下，跌倒；下降，减弱vi.落下，跌倒；下降，减弱；秋季fanm扇子，电扇；对某事物之狂热爱好者farevi.进展，进步，过日子n.车费，船费farmn.农场，饲养场v.耕作fatn.脂肪，肥肉adj.肥胖的e.g.19mfatterthanIlook,Auntie.feelvi.感觉，给人以……感觉;（for）摸索vt,触，摸，认为,以为e.g.Icouldfeelthewindblowingonmyfacefromanopenwindow.fellown.人，家伙，小伙子adj.同伴的，同类的figurev.想象描绘；计算n.数值，数据；形象，人物；图，图形；人的轮廓，人影，外形e.g.Hesettleddownathisdesktoworkouttheexactfigures.fineadj.美好，优良；晴朗，精细n.罚款v.处……以罚金e.g.Itrainedallthemorningbutturnedfineintheafternoon.firen.火，炉火，火灾，失火vt.点燃，放枪vi.开枪,射击;着火,烧火;解雇e.g.Thebossfiredhimwithoneweek*snotice.firmn.公司，（合伙）商号adj.结实的，坚硬的,坚定的，坚固的,牢固的，稳固的，严格vt.使牢固，使坚定vi.变稳固,变坚实adv.稳固地，坚定地e.g.Theteacherwasfirmanddidnotchangehermind.fitn.突然发作，适合，痉挛，一阵adj.合适的，恰当的,健康的，准备好的vt.适合，安装，使合身，使适应,使合格vi.适合，符合flatadj.平坦的，扁平的，单调的,倒下的，浅的，干脆的，无聊的,无力的n.平面，平地，一层公寓e.g.Helivesinaflatwiththreebedrooms.flightn.飞行，逃走，飞跃，飞机的航程，班机，追逐，楼梯的一段，射程vi.成群飞行，迁徙flyn.苍蝇,两翼昆虫,飞行vi.飞翔,飘扬,溃逃vt.飞越，使飘扬,逃脱folkn.人们,亲属（复数），民族adj.民间的forcen.力量，武力，精力，魄力，势力，暴力，［复］军队影响力vt.强制,强加，（用武力）夺取，促使，推动，施加压力e.g.Apoetmustcarefullyweighttheforceofeachwordheuses.

6formatn.开本,版式,形式,格式vt.安排..・的格局（或规格），［计］格式化（磁盘）e.g.Wearetryinganewformatforourtelevisionthisyear.freeadj.自由的，大方的，免费的,免税的，丰富的,空闲的vt.释放，使自由adv自由地，免费Ggamen.游戏，比赛，运动会；猎物，目的物gardenn.花、菜）园，庭园v.园艺e.g.Wehaveasmallgardeninfrontofhouse.gearn.齿轮，传动装置v.调整，（使）适合，换档givenadj.指定的，特定的；沉溺于，有习惯的，有癖好的prep.如果考虑到，假定是，如果有（后接that）e.g.Giventhechance,I9dcomeandseeyouinHongKong.goaln.目的，目标,守门员，球门，（球赛等的）得分v.得分e.g.Hisgoalistobeadoctor.goodn.好，好事，慷慨的行为，好处，利益adj.优良的，上等的,虔诚的，愉快的，慈善的，好心的graden.等级，年级；分数v.分级greenn.绿色adj.绿色的：生的，未成熟的：缺乏经验的groupn.群，小组v.分组，积聚e.g.Thedatacanbegroupedunderthreeheads.guaranteen.保证书，报纸v.保证，担保，保修guiden.导游，向导；手册，指南v.引导，指导gunn,枪，炮v.加大油门e.g.Hegunnedtheengineandspedaway.Hhandlen.把手，拉手v.触摸；处理，操作；应付hangv.吊,悬挂；绞死e.g.Iwishhewouldstophangingaboutanddoingsomethinguseful.hardwaren.五金，金属制品；（计算机）硬件hiden.兽皮v.躲藏，隐藏e.g.Thesunwashiddenbytheclouds.highlightn.加亮区，精彩场面,最显著（重要）部分vt.加亮，使显著，以强光照射，突出hitn.打击,打,碰撞,讽刺，（演出等）成功vt.打,打击,碰撞,击中，袭击，偶然发现，伤...的感情,找到vi,打,打中,打击,碰撞,偶然碰上e.g.Theboxerhithisopponentonthejaw.holdn.把握,把持力，柄,控制,监禁,掌握,货舱vt.拿着,保存,支持，占据,持有，拥有vi.支持，保持，有效n.控制,保留，Iimportn.［'impt］进口货（常用复数），进口，输入，意思，重要性vt.［im'pt］输入,进口，含•.•的意思,重要,引入vi.有关系,有重要性

7initialn.首字母adj.最初的，开始的e.g.Theinitialtalkswerethebaseofthelaterdevelopment.intellectualn.知识分子adj.用脑筋的interestn.兴趣,关心,重要性,影响,利息,利益,利害vt.使发生兴趣,引起・..的注意e.g.Theloanwasmadeat6percentinterest.issuen.出版，发行，（报刊等）期、号，论点，问题vt.发行，发布（命令），出版（书等）发给Jjetn.喷气式飞机，喷气发动机v.喷出，喷射e.g.Oilsuddenlyjettedoutfromthepipeandhewasallwet.joinv.结合，接合，连接；加入，参加justadj.正义的，公正的,正确的,应得的,有充分根据的adv.正好,仅仅,刚才，只是,不过Kkidn.小孩，儿童V.戏弄，取笑e.g.Halfthekidsroundhereareunemployed.kindn.种类,类别adj.仁善的e.g.Sheisn,tthekindofmanwhooftenlie.Llandn.陆地，（书面语）国家、国土，地带，［复数］地产，田产vi.靠岸，登陆，登岸，到达vt.使上岸，使登陆，使到达,使处于lastadj.最后的，临终的，末尾的,最近的，结论性的vi.持续，支持，维持v.使维持adv.最后,后来n.最后,末尾,临终,鞋植头layvt.放置，铺设，产（卵）提出，平息，布置vi.下蛋，打赌e.g.Thehenlaidthreeeggs.leadvt.领导,引导,致使n.领导,领先,导线，铅leaven.许可,同意,请假,休假vt.离开,动身,剩下,遗忘,委托,遗弃leveln.水平,水平面，水准，标准，级别adj.同高的，平坦的，齐平的,水平的vt.使...水平,夷平,使同等lievi.躺,平放,展现,展开,位于V.说谎,躺n.谎话，谎言e.g.Shelaydownonherbed.liftn.举起，电梯,起重机，搭车vt.升高，提高，举起，空运e.g.Pleaseliftthepackagesontothecounter.lightn.光，日光，发光体，灯adj.轻的，发光的，明亮的，浅的vt.点燃，照亮adv.轻地vi.

8点着,变亮linen.绳，索，线路，航线，诗句vt.排成一行，顺...排列,划线于，使有线条，使起皱纹vi.排队liveadj.活的,生动的，精力充沛的，实况转播的，点燃的vi.活着，生活，居住，流在人们记忆中vt.过着，度过，经历longadj.长的，远的；长期的v.渴望，极想lookn.看,注视,脸色,面容,外表vi.看,注意,朝着,好象,显得vt.打量,注视，用眼神（或脸色）表示，期待loweradj.较低的,下级的,等的,游的vt.放下,降下,减弱,贬低e.g.Examinationsalsolowerthestandardsofteaching.Mmajorn.〈美》［教］主修课，［律］成年人，［乐］大调adj.主修的,成年的,大调的mastern.主人,雇主，（男）教师,熟练技工,师傅,大师,硕士,〈称呼〉少爷adj.主人的，熟练的,高明的,主要的vt.征服,控制,精通e.g.Itisn,teasytomasteraforeignlanguage.matchn.火柴，比赛,竞赛,匹配，（足球,捧球，蓝球）比赛v.相配,相称,比赛,相比,匹配mattern.事件,问题,物质,内容,实质,原因，（印刷或书写的）文件，（文章或讲话等的）素材vi.有关系，要紧meanadj.低劣的,卑鄙的,普通的，吝啬的，简陋的，平均的，惭愧的,不舒服的vt.意谓,想要，预定vt.用意,有意义e.g.ImeanwhatIsay.mightn.力量，威力，权力，能，可能aux.可以mindn.头脑,智力,精神,意见，情绪vi.介意,照顾，留心vt.注意，留意,专心于，照看,介jtc.悬minen.矿，矿山，矿井vt.挖掘，开采v.开矿pron.我的minuten.［'minit］分,分钟,片刻,一瞬间，备忘录,笔记vt.［mai'nju:t］记录,摘录,测定时间adj.微小的，详细的,仔细而准确的e.g.Livingthingsconsistofminutestructurescalledcells.missn.过错,避免,失败,小姐,姑娘vt.未得到,未达到,未听到，思念,未觉察，错过,遗漏,逃脱vi.失败,击不中e.g.Idon,twanttomissseeingthefilmontelevision.monitorn.班长,监听器，监视器,监控器vt.监控e.g.Monitoranexaminationmoorn.旷野，荒野v.使（船）停泊mugn.大杯v.行凶，抢劫Nnegativen.底片adj.否定的，消极的，反面的netn.网，网络，网状物,净利,实价adj.净余的,纯粹的vt,用网捕,净赚,得到e.g.anetinterestnotenoten.笔记,短信,注解,注释,票据,纸币，音符vt.注意,记录,笔记noticen.注意，认识；通知，通告，布告v.看到，注意到nursen.护士，保姆，养育员v.护理，养育

9objectn.物体；对象，目的；宾语v.反对oddadj.奇数的，单的；奇怪的，古怪的openn.开,户外,空旷adj.开着的，敞开的，（车等）无篷的，开阔的,营业着的，公开的,坦率的，未决定vt.打开，公开，开放vi.展开，开始，展现openingn.开,开放,开始，口子,穴,通路,空缺,机会adj,开始的，开幕的operatev.操作，运转，开动，起作用,动手术，开刀n.［军］作军事行动e.g.Thedoctorsoperatedonherstomach.ordern.次序,顺序,正常（工作）状态,秩序,会议规则,命令,定购,定单vt.命令,定购,定制otherwiseadv.另外，否则，不同地，别的方式adj.另外的，其他方面的conj.否则，不然e.g.Seizethechance,otherwiseyouwillregretit.Shethoughtotherwise.Ppackn.包裹,〈贬）一群,一副,背包,包装vt.包装,捆扎,塞满,压紧,挑选parkn.公园，停车场,炮场vt.停放（汽车等）partn.部分,局部,零件,角色vt.分开,分离,分配vi.分开,断裂,分手e.g.Womenarepartinginsociolistconstruction.particularn.细节，详情adj.特定的,特别的e.g.MichaelJacksonisparticularwithhisclothes.passv.经过，传过；传递，传；通过（考试等）n.通行证，护照；关隘passagen.经过，通过；通路，走廊；段落peern.同等的人，同龄人v.凝视，盯着看perfectadj.完美的，极好的v.改善，提高e.g.Studentsshouldtrytoperfecttheirabilitytopractice.pickn.镉v.拾，捡，摘；挑选，选择pitchn.程度,斜度,树脂,投掷,定调vt.投,掷,定位于,扎营e.g.Thegirlspitchedatent.placen.地方，地点，位置,职位,处境，住所，地位vt.放置,寄予,任命plainn.平原，草原adj.简单的，明白的，平常的,清晰的，普通的,朴素的adv.清楚地platen.盘子,金属板，图版,金银餐具vt.镀（金，银等），电镀,给…装钢板playn.游戏，比赛,运动,赌博,剧本v.玩,扮演,播放,进行比赛v.播放pleaseadj.满足的vt.请v.使喜欢，中...的意，使满足,取悦plotn.小块土地,地区图，图，秘密计划（特指阴谋），（小说的）情节,结构vt.划分,绘图，密谋vi.密谋,策划pluckn.勇气v.拔去（鸡、鸭等）毛，采集e.g.Whenyoukillachickentoeat,youhavetopluckit.pocketn.衣袋，口袋，钱，财vt.装...在口袋里，隐藏（感情），据为己有，击...入adj.袖珍的,小型的pointn.点，尖端，分数，要点，分数vt.弄尖，指向，指出，瞄准，加标点于vi.指,指向，表明e.g.Pointouttheoldestbuildingsontheskyline.polishn.磨光，光泽，上光剂，优雅，精良vt.擦亮，发亮，磨光，推敲vi.发亮,变光滑adj.波兰的n.波兰人posen.姿势,姿态v.（使...）摆好姿势,形成,引起,造成vi.摆姿势，佯装,矫揉造作e.g.toposean

10argumen.postn.柱,邮件，岗位,职位，邮政vt.张贴,揭示，邮递,布置e.g.Shehasapostasacook.pressn.压,按，印刷,压力,拥挤,紧握,新闻vt.压,压榨,紧抱,逼迫vi.压,逼迫,拥挤,受压prettyadj.漂亮的，可爱的,优美的，机灵的,恰当的adv相当；颇prizen.奖赏，奖金，奖品adj.得奖的vt.珍视，估价processn.过程,作用，方法,程序,步骤,进行,推移vt.加工，处理e.g.Theplansarenowbeingprocessed.projectn.计划,方案,事业,企业,工程v.设计,计划pupiln.学生，小学生，瞳孔Qquarterlyn.季刊adj.一年四次的,每季的adv.每季地+questionn.问题,疑问，询问v.询问，审问，怀疑e.g.Theteacherwillquestionusonverbs.Rracen.种族,种族气质,种族特征,赛跑,急流,姜根vi.赛跑,疾走vt.与...赛跑,使空转raisen.上升，高地，提出vt.升起，唤起，提高，使出现;提出问题e.g.Raiseaquestionrebeln.造反者，叛逆者，反抗者,叛乱者adj.造反的，叛逆的，反抗的v.造反，反叛，反抗，叛乱recordn.［'rekd］履历,档案,诉状,最高纪录，报告，唱片vt.［re'kd］记录,标明,将...录音regardn.关心,注意,尊敬,尊重,致意，问候,关系vt.看待，当作,重视,尊敬，关系e.g.Ihavealwaysregardedhimhighly.relativen.亲戚,关系词，相关物,亲缘植物adj.有关系的,相对的，比较而言的releasen.释放,让渡,豁免,发行的书,释放证书vt.释放,解放,放弃,让与，免除,发表resortvi.求助,诉诸,采取（某种手段等），常去n.凭借,手段,常去之地,胜地respectn.尊敬,敬重,注意,考虑，尊重,关系,有关,敬意vt.尊敬，尊重,不防碍restn.休息,静止,支持物,台,架，［音］休止符,其余,其他vi.休息,睡眠,静止，依靠,搁在,保持（状态），取决于vt.使休息，使静止,睡眠,依靠,搁在rightn.正义，公正,正确,权利,右边,右派adj.正当的，正确的,对的,合适的，恰当的，健康的，健全的，正面的adv.正当地，正确地，•直地,直接地，完全地，彻底地，在右边ringn.环,环形物,环状,铃声,声调,打电话,拳击场vt.包围,套住,按铃,敲钟vi.成环形,响，鸣，敲钟，回响，按铃e.g.Sheworeagoldringonherfinger.risen.上升,增加,上涨,高地,小山，发生，出现vi.升起,起身，发源,起义,高耸，增长,上升,复活Vt.使飞起e.g.Thesunroseatseveno'clock.rockn.岩石，暗礁，石头，摇动vt.摇摆,使动摇vi.摇，摇动rolladj,滚动，滚转，（使）摇摆，（使）摇晃,卷起,卷拢vt.辗,轧n.（一）卷,卷形物，摇晃,摆动，名单rown.排，行v.划（船）

11Ssafen.保险箱,饭橱,菜橱,冷藏室adj.免受攻击的,安全的,可靠的,有把握的samplen.标本,品，例子vt.取样,采样,抽取...的样品,试验的一部分,尝试sandwichn.夹心面包，三明治vt.夹入中间v.做成三明治sawn.锯v.锯vbl.see的过去式schedulen.时间表,进度表v.确定时间e.g.ThemeetingisscheduledonFriday.scoren.得分,乐匿抓痕,二十,终点线,刻痕，帐目，起跑线vt.把...记下,刻划，划线,获得，评价vi.记分,刻痕，得分sealn.封铅,封条，E|1,图章,密封vt.封,密封n.海豹,海豹毛皮e.g.Wesealthebackofenvelopes.sensen.官能,感觉,判断力,见识，...感,意义,理性vt.感到,理解,认识sentencen.句子，判决，宣判，文句vt.宣判，判决e.g.Thepersonwillbesentencedtodeathshipn.船,海船,舰v.装上船,航运,载运,在船上工作shockn.打击，震动，冲突vt.使震动，使受电击,震惊得vi.震动，吓人shown.表示,展览,炫耀,外观,假装V.出示,指示,引导,说明,显示,展出，放映skinn.皮,皮肤兽皮,皮毛,外皮,外壳v.长皮skirtn.裙子v,环绕slipn.滑倒,事故,片一,纸片vi.滑动,滑倒,失足vt.使滑动,摆脱,闪开,入e.g.Sheslippedawaywithoutbeingseen.soleadj.单独的,唯一的n.脚底,鞋底,基础v.换鞋底sortn.种类，类别v.分类，拣选；（常与out,over连用）整理e.g.Isortedthebooksintobigonesandsmallones.spinv.旋转，纺，纺纱n.旋转眼花,眩晕;吐丝，作茧，象丝一样流出e.g.Theheavyblowsenttheenemyspinningtotheground.springn.春天,跃起,泉,弹簧,发条,弹性,弹力v.跳,跃,跃出,使跳跃e.g.Shesprangoutofherchairtogreetherfather.standn.停止,抵抗的状态,立场,立足点,看台,架子,台v.站,立,站起，（使）竖立，（使）位于,维持不变,持久，经受staten.情形,状态，国家,政府，州vt.声明，陈述,规定e.g.”Pleasestateyourname,ageandoccupationontheform.，zstepn.脚步,步幅,步调,步伐,步骤,措施,梯级，台阶V.走,举步,移步stickn.棍,棒，手杖V.粘住，粘贴vt.刺,戳stilln.寂静，剧照，照片adj.静止的，静寂的adv.还，仍，更，还要，尽管如此stopn.停止,车站，逗留，障碍,风琴的音栓，填塞vi.停止，被塞住vt.塞住,堵塞，阻止,击落,断绝,终止,难倒storevt.贮藏,贮备,存储n.商店,店铺,贮藏,贮备stroken.击,敲,报时的钟声，（网球等）一击，（划船等）一划，（绘画等）一笔,一次努力,打击Vt.抚摸e.g.Wehavelunchonthestrokeoftwelveeveryday.subjectnjsbdkt］题目，主题，科目，学科，国民，［语法］主语adj.受他国统治的，未独立的,受制于••.的，受・•.影响的，以...为条件的vt.［sb'dkt］使屈从于...，使隶属e.g.Theyweresubjecttogreatsuffering.

12surveyn.］s:vei］测量，调查，俯瞰，概观，纵览，视察vt.［s'vei］调查（收入，民意等）测量，勘定,审视,视察swallown.［鸟］燕子,吞咽，喉vt.咽,淹没,吞没,取消,忍受,轻信,压制,耗尽vi.吞下，咽下swingv.摇摆,摆动,回转,旋转n.秋千,摇摆,摆动Ttearn.［ti（r）］破处，破缝，泪滴，眼泪，扯，飞奔，激怒vi.流泪，撕破，猛冲，飞奔,被撕破vt.［te（r）］扯,撕,撕破,戳破,拉掉,折磨，使分裂,撕掉e.g.Hetorehistrousers.tenseadj.紧张的，拉紧的v.（使）紧张，使）拉紧n.［语法］时态thirstn.渴,口渴v.（—for）渴望，热望e.g.Ithirstforbeer.tien.带子，线,鞋带,不分胜负,关系,领带,领结，平局vt,系,打结,扎,约束，与...成平局trainn.火车,列车,行列,后果,顺序,长队,长袍（裙）拖地的部分,导火线vt.训练，培养tripn.（短途）旅行,绊倒,摔倒,失足,往返,差错,支吾,旅程vt.使跌倒，使犯错，使失败,挑剔vi.轻快地走,摔倒,绊倒e.g.Itrippedovertheboxonthefloorandfell.typen.类型，典型，模范，［印刷］活字，铅字v.打字，测定（血等）类型Uundergroundadj.地下的，地面下的,秘密的n.［英］地铁adv.在地下，秘密地utmostn.极限，最大可能，极力adj.极度的，最远的e.g.Hedidhisutmosttostophissistermarryingthatman.vacationn.假期，休假，（房屋等的）腾出v.〈美〉度假，休假viewn.景色,风景,观点,见解,观察,观看,意见,认为vt.观察,观看e.g.Theplanwasviewedfavorably.Wwandervi.漫步,徘徊,迷路,迷失方向,离题e.g.Hismindiswandering.watchn.注视,注意,手表,看守,守护,监视,值班人vt.看,注视,照顾,监视,警戒,守护,看守vi.观看,注视，守侯waven.波，波浪，（挥手）示意，致意vi.（挥手）示意，致意，波动，飘动，摇动e.g.Hewavedtoustostop.welln.井vi.涌出adj.健康的，良好的，适当的adv.好,满意地，充分地,彻底地，有理地，适当地,夸奖地willn.意志，决心，意向，遗嘱v.aux.将，愿意，必须windn.风v.绕，缠,上发条，旋紧e.g.Thepathwindsthroughthewoods.wondern.奇迹，惊奇，惊愕vt.对..・感到惊讶，惊奇,想知道vi,惊讶，怀疑adj.非凡的，

13奇妙的e.g.Nowonderheisnothungry;hehasbeeneatingsweetsallday.workn.工作，劳动，操作，职业，［物］功，手工，作品，机件v.（使）工作，（使）运转，起作用，造成,产生,经营，（使）渐渐移动,般制wrapn.外套，围巾,包裹,秘密,约束，限制vt.包装,卷,缠绕,包,覆盖,裹,遮蔽，隐藏vi.缠绕,重叠,穿外衣,包起来e.g.Theassistantwrappeditupforherasquicklyaspossible.综合练习1.Itistimetogotheplane.A.aboardB.aboveC.absorbD.abroad2.Thepolicelivingintheseapartmentshavefreetothatswimmingpool.A.accessB.excessC.excursionD.recreation3.I'dhisreputationwithotherfarmersandbusinesspeopleinthecommunity,andthenmakeadecisionaboutwhetherornottoapprovealoan.A.takeintoaccountB.accountforC.makeupforD.makeout4.Thenewcomersfounditimpossibletothemselvestotheclimatesufficientlytomakepermanenthomesinthenewcountry.A.suitB.adaptC.regulateD.coordinate5.Mymotherisdeafsoshehastouseahearing.A.helpB.machineC.aidD.assist6.Ifyouhearthefire,leavethebuildingatonce.A.noticeB.alarmC.suggestionD.shouting7.Whentraveling,youareadvisedtotaketraveler'schecks,whichprovideasecuretocarryingyourmoneyincash.A.substituteB.selectionC.preferenceD.alternative8.Theoutputofsteelhasdoubledthisyear.A.annualB.alikeC.amountD.manualisthestudyofspokenlanguage.9.Whenlearningaforeignlanguage,thebestA.altitudeB.appearC.approachD.approval10.Boysasyoungas13aretakinguptodefendthecity.A.armsB.armadaC.armbandD.armlet11.WenaturallythenameofDarwinwiththedoctrineofevolution.A.associateB.vainC.revealD.worship12.Therunnercanrun2milesinfifteenminutes.A.commonB.usualC.averageD.general13.Bitterandcruelremarksflewbetweenthem.A.backupB.backdownC.backandforthD.backof14.Thewasplayingournationalanthem.A.bandB.bendC.bankD.banner15.Besuretohaveallthedoorsbeforeyougoawayonholiday.A.bangedB.barredC.baredD.barbed16.SomepeoplewouldliketodoshoppingonSundayssincetheyexpecttopickupwonderfulinthemarket.

14A.batteriesB.bargainsC.basketsD.barrels1.Thedogatastranger.A.shoutedB.barkedC.bangedD.quarreled2.Theprofessorhardlyfindssufficientgroundshisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.A.tobebasedonB.tobaseonC.whichtobaseonD.onwhichtobase19.Theyhishandandfoot.A.drewB.routeC.threadD.bound20.Thisrockhastobeinordertobuildaroad.A.blastedB.hiredC.exploredD.maintained21.ThreeprivatedetectiveswerethetrainwhenitleftBoston.A.aboveboardB.acrosstheboardC.onboardD.gobytheboard22.Thecarhalfwayfornoreason.D.brokeupD.arouseA.brokeoffB.brokedownC.brokeout23.Birdsveryfastinthespring.A.ariseB.aroseC.breed24.Awell-writtencompositiongoodchoiceofwordsandclearorganizationamongotherthings.A.callsonB.callsupC.callsforD.callsoff25.Ileftfortheofficeearlierthanusualthismorningtrafficjam.A.inlinewithB.forsakeofC.incaseofD.alltheriskof26.Thestatuewasinbronze.A.threwB.castC.tossedD.cart27.Shewascomplainingthatthedoctorwastoomuchforthetreatmenthewasgivingher.A.expendingB.offeringC.costingD.charging28.Thetwomenhandswarmly.A.claimedB.chokedC.claspedD.circled29.Whatseemsconfusingorfragmentedatfirstmightwel1becomeathirdtime.A.cleanandmeasurableB.noticeableandsystematicC.pureandwholesomeD.clearandorganic30.Acarisaobject,butspeedisnot.A.abstractB.faithfulC.loyalD.concrete31.Metalsastheybecomecool.A.contrastB.reduceC.contractD.eliminate32.Whenthewholeareawasbytheflood,thegovernmentsentthefoodtherebyhelicopter.A.cutawayB.cutupC.cutdownD.cutoff33.Ithinkshehurtmyfeelingsratherthanbyaccidentassheclaimed.A.virtuallyB.deliberatelyC.literallyD.appropriately34.AsCommander_in_Chiefofthearmedforces,Ihavedirectedthatallmeasures

15forourdefense.B.wouldbetakenA.hadbeentakenC.shouldbetakenD.mightbetaken22.Beforeheleftforhisvacationhewenttothebanktosomemoney.A.pullB.gainC.pickD.draw36.Ourplansarefairly.A.electricB.electronicC.elasticD.element37.Theyselltothehomemarket,buttheydon't_,A.exportB.extractC.existD.execute38.WhatisthebustoLondon.A.fareB.feeC.fairD.charge39.Hissalarywentintosixayear.A.figuresB.numeralsC.numbersD.fatigue40.Itwouldbemonthsbeforehewasforwork.A.appropriateB.fitC.properD.fortunate41.hissupport,wewillwintheelection.A.TogiveB.GivenC.GivingD.Havinggiven42.Everycamerawesellcomeswithatwo-year.A.guaranteeB.safetyC.confirmationD.conservation43.Howtothecontradictionscorrectlyamongthepeopleisthekeytodevelopsteadily.A.dealB.handleC.hangD.do44.TheofthematchwillbeshownonTVtonight.A.guidelinesB.implicationsC.impressionsD.highlights45.Medicalcarereformhasbecomethiscountry*smostimportanthealth.A.questionB.matterC.stuffD.issue46.Thewordsofhisoldteacherleftaimpressiononhismind.A.longB.livelyC.lastingD.liberal47.Generouspublicfundingofbasicsciencewouldconsiderablebenefitsforthecountry?shealth,wealthandsecurity.A.resultfromB.settledownC.lieinD.leadto48.Theplanebeforelandingattheairport.A.leveleddownB.leveledtoC.leveledat49.Thedishwasn'tme,soIfeltstillaA.inlinefor50.TheyallA.livedoffB.inlinewithC.onthelinethedifficulties,andatlast,heworksA.AssoonasB.livedonhard,Idon,tB.AswellasC.livedoutD.leveledofflittlehungryaftersupper.D.lineuptheygotmarried.D.livedthroughmindwhenhefinishestheexperiment.C.SofarasD.Solongas52.Thecurtainandthepaintofthewalldon'tquite.You'dbetterchoseanotherone.A.watch53.Idon'tmindB.matchC.equalD.suitablethedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.A.youtodelaymakingB.yourdelayingmaking

16C.yourdelayingtomakeD.youdelaytomake54.Pleasethatthebillmustbedrawnwithin30days.A.noticeB.observeC.realizeD.note55.Thematchwascancelledbecausemostofthemembersamatchwithoutastandardcourt.A.ObjectedtohavingB.wereobjectedtohaveC.objectedtohaveD.wereobjectedtohaving56.Ican'tgiveyouforthetypeofcaryousellbecausethereisnodemandforitinthemarket.D.anorderA.anexpenseB.apurchaseC.acharge“sign,youwill57.Whenyoustopyourcaratthespotwherethereisa“Nobefined.A.Park58.ThesignalA.pickedat59.Don'tA.planoutB.ParkingforhelpwasB.pickedoffC.GardenD.Stoppingbyanothershipwhichhappenedtobeathand.C.pickedoutD.pickedupmygoingwithyou,forIexpecttobebusythisweekend.B.planC.plantoD.planon60.They,theformeropponents,weresittingtalkingsidebyside.Ithoughtmyeyeswereticksme.A.playing,withC.playing,on61.Thisboxistooheavy,andA.wouldyoumindC.wouldyouliketo62.SheshowedalotofB.playing,partinD.playing,againstgivemeahand.B.wouldyoupleaseD.willyoupleasetotoleaveasafejobandsetupherownbusiness.A.pick63.PollutionA.bingsB.pluckathreattoB.takesC.plugD.plowthecontinuedexistenceofthisspecies.C.causesD.poses64.Theofestablishinganewnationalparkseemedtobeveryattractive.A.planB.projectC.itemD.progress65.Therewerefourofus,sowedividedtheorangeintoandeachateapiece.A.quarterB.quartersC.aquarterD.thequarter66.Thepriceofbeerfrom50centsto$4perliterduringthesummerseason.A.alteredB.rangedC.separatedD.differedtheproposal?B.incontrasttoD.forthepurposeof67.HaveyouanythingtosayA.withregardofC.onbehalfof68.Don'tthisnewstothepublicuntilwegiveyouthego_ahead.A.releaseB.relateC.relieveD.retain69.Alovemarrige,however,doesnotnecessarilymuchsharingofinterestsandresponsibilities.A.takeoverB.resultinC.holdonD.keepto70.Onceyouthecountrylife,youwon'tliveinthecity.A.havetestedB.havetriedC.havesampledD.havechecked

1771.Themouthquicklyfromthecat?sclaws.A.slippedB.slided72.ThetrafficaccidenttheA.sprangup73.AgoodfriendA.standforB.sprangfromisonewhowillB.standbyC.sleepeddriver,sdrivingC.resultedinyouwhenyou'1).glidedafterdrinkingwine.D.developedfromreintrouble.C.standup74.Thebookpublishedbythegovrnmentresponsibilitiesoflastyear.theD.standupwithcaseofthewomen'srightsandA.statesB.tellsC.startsD.says75.BecauseEdgarwasconvincedoftheaccuracyofthisfact,hehisopinion.A.struckatB.stroveforC.stucktoD.stoodfor76.HewasinsuchahurrythatheA.ateB.drankC.bitsomebreadandmilkandwenttoD.swallowedwork.77.HeA.brokeB.smashedC.toreD.cracked78.MakesuretheparcelissecurelyupbeforeA.tiedB.packedC.loadedyoupostit.D.installed79.TheFrenchpianistwhohaddisappointment.A.turnedupB.turnedinbeenpraisedveryC.turnedouthighlytobeD.turneddownagreathisletterintolittlepieces.80.I'11tomakeupthelistandsatisfyeverybodyinouroffice.A.domyutmostC.betotheutmostB.beattheutmostD.beintheutmost81.AlthoughIliketheappearanceofthehouse,whatreallymademedecidetobuyitwasthebeautifulthroughthewindow.A.visionB.lookC.pictureD.view82.Hemindssomuchabouthispositionintheofficethatheanychancetobepromoted.A.watchoutB.lookupC.pointoutD.watchesoutfor83.Shehasastrongshedoeswhatshewantsnomatterwhatpeoplesay.A.wishB.willC.holdD.stand84.Shetheropearoundherarm.A.woundB.threadedC.windedD.curvedKeytotheexercises:1-5A6-10BDACA11-15ACC16-2021-2526-3031-3536-4041-4546-5051-5556-6061-6566-70BAA71-7576-8081-84DDB-同根异义词1.adrere,adherent,adhesiveadhere:固着，胶着，附着adherent:adj.作形容词“附着的，黏着的”作名词“支持者，拥护者”adhesive:adj.黏性的e.g.GlueandPasteareadhesivesubstance.Heisaleaderwithmanyadherents

182.adopt,adopted,adoptiveadopt:收养，采纳，批准adopted:被收养的adoptive:有收养关系的.采纳的.接受的e.g.Theadoptedchildbecameveryfondofheradoptiveparents.Congresshasadoptedthenewmeasures3.adore,adorable,adoringadore:热爱，爱慕adorable:迷人的.可爱的adoring:表示慈爱的.爱慕的e.g.ThegirlwasadorableHehasanadoringgrandmotherHeadoreshiswifeandchildren4.advertise,advertisement,advertisingadvertise:动词“作广告，宣传，公布”advertisement:作广告advertising:广告业e.g.Ifyouwanttosellyourpiano,putanadvertisementintheNewspaper.Heworksinadvertising.Imustadvertiseforanewsecretary5.advise,advisable,advisory,advisedadvise:劝告，建议advisable：明智的.可取的advisory：顾问的.咨询的advised:考虑过的.到消息的e.g.Itisadvisablethateveryoneshouldhaveamap.Iwouldadvisetakingadifferentapproach6.affect,affected,affectionateaffect:影响，装作，假装affected：不自然的.做作的affectionate：深情的.热情的e.g.HethoughthersmileaffectedSheisveryaffectionatetowardherchildrenSheaffectedaforeignaccent7.alike,like,likelyalike:形容词“相同的，相象的"，只能做表语,可用much或verymuch修饰，不能用very修饰like:动词“喜欢”，介词“像，和…・・一样”likely:“可能的”,构成短语Itislikelythate.g.Youandyourbrotherareverymuchalike

192.alter,alterable,alternativealter:改变,更改，修改alterable:可改变的.可修改的alternative:其他的.不同的e.g.Haveyougotanalternativequestion?Shehadtoalterherclothesafterlosingweight,3.animal,animate,animatedanimal：动物animate：有生命的.有生气的活的.animated：活跃的.活泼的e.g.Animatenaturemeansalllivingplantsandanimals.Ihadrarelyseehimsoanimated4.annoy,annoyed,annoyingannoy:使恼怒，使烦恼annoyed：”生气的.烦恼的"，-一般是指人annoying：“令人烦恼的.不高兴的“，一般指物e.g.HegotveryannoyedwithmeaboutmycarelessnessItisannoyingtobeinterrupted5.appreciate,appreciable,appreciativeappreciate:赏识，高度评价，体谅appreciable：可觉察的.相当大的.明显的appreciative：有欣赏力的.感激的e.g.ThereisanappreciabledifferencebetweenthetwocarsIappreciateyourproblem,butIdon'tthinkIcanhelpyou6.argue,arguable,argumentativeargue:争辩，争论arguable：可论证的可断言的argumentative：爱争论的好辩论的e.g.Itisarguablethatwewouldbejustasefficientwithfewerstaff7.awak,awaken,awakeningawake：用做形容词，意思为“醒着的”，通常做表语awaken：用做动词，意思为“醒来”awakening：用做名词，意思为“觉醒，醒悟”e.g.Theyaren'tawakeyetWeawakenedtofindtheothershadgone8.benefit,beneficient,beneficialbenefit:利益，实惠beneficent：行善的慷慨的

20beneficial：有益的有用的e.g.SunshineisbeneficialtoplantsAchanginthelawwouldbetoone'sbenefit2.book,booking,bookishbook:名词“书”，动词“预定”booking：“子定订票”做名词bookish：好学的书生气的e.g.HewritesaverybookishstyleeveninhisletterWecan'tacceptanymorebookingsPleasebooktheticketsinadvance.3.character,characteristiccharacter：.本性.品德”做不可数名词characteristic：“特征，个性，”可数名词e.g.AllthesearecharacteristicsofimperialismThatistheSwissnationalcharacter4.child,childlike,childish,childlesschild:孩子childlike：像孩子般的天真的无邪的childish：幼稚的孩子气的childless:无子女的e.g.ThelittlegirlspokeinahighchildishvoiceShehasachildlikeenthusiasmforthecircus5.classify,classified,classifiableclassify:“分类”动词classified:分类的保密的classifiable:可以分类的e.g.Theinformationisclassified,onlythePresidentcanseeitThebookinthelibraryareclassifiedaccordingtosubject6.compare,comparable,comparativecompare:比较，对比comparable:”可比较的适合相比的”常与to连用comparative:比较的相对的e.g.ThisdinneriscomparabletothebestFrenchcookingIfyoucomparetheirwork,youwillfindhisismuchbetter7.comprehend,comprehensive,comprehensivecomprehend:领会，理解comprehensive:全面的综合的comprehensible:"可以理解的”常与to连用e.g.ItisnotcomprehensibletoordinarymindsShehasacomprehensivegraspofthesubjectIcan'tcomprehendhowyoucouldhavebeensostupid

212.concern,concerned,concerningconcern:作为动词“涉及有关与关心担心”concerned:形容词，作前置定语“关切的”，作后置定语“有关的”concerning:介词，等同于regarding,consideringe.g.ThespeechwhichhemadeconcerningtheprojecthasbotheredmegreatlyOurlossesarebeginningtoconcernme3.confide,confidence,confidentconfide:“吐露”，与介词in连用,意思“充分信赖”confidence:信任信心confident:确信的有信心的自信的词组搭配：inconfidence:私下地秘密地takeintoone'sconfidence:把...作为知己e.g.WeneedachairmaninwhomeveryonehasconfidenceThereisnoonehereIcanconfidein4.consider,considerable,considerate,consideration,concerningconsider：考虑,把当作considerable相当大的相当多的considerate:“体贴的体谅的”等同于thoughtfulbeconsiderateof:为着想考虑到consideration:名词，“考虑深思体谅“takeintoconsideration:考虑到顾及considering:介词，“鉴于”e.g.Thesebookswereverydeartohimandheboughtthematconsiderableexpensewhenhewasstudyingabroad5.continue,continual,continuouscontinue:继续continual:“不停的频频的"，强调重复或持续发生，但中间有间断continuous:“连续不断的”，所表示的连续暗含中间绝对没有间断e.g.OurpurneyvasslowbacausehetainloppedcontinuallyadiferentvllageWetweathermaycontinueforafewmoredays6.define,definite,defineddefine:“限定规定解释”，常与as连用definite":明确的，确切的一定的“，其副词为definitelydefined:“被解释的规定的”e.g.I'mnotsurewhetherIcangainanyprofitfromtheinvestment,soIcan'tmakeadefinitepromisetohelpyou7.depend,dependent,dependabledepend:“依靠依赖，dependon的主语是人时，应解释为“依靠指望”，当主语为物时,解

22释为“视……而定”dependent:“依赖的依靠的"，后常接on/upon,它是形容词性词组，一般放于系词后dependable:可信赖的可靠的e.g.Ifhehaddependedontouristsforhisbusiness,hewouldhaveclosedhisshop2.differ,different,differentialdiffer:不同,不一样different:“差异的不同的”,短语为“bedifferentfrom”differential:有区别的鉴别性的e.g.TheypaydifferentialrentsaccordingtotheirincomeThebrothersdifferwidelyintheirtasts3.disappoint,disappointed,disappointing,disappointmentdisappoint:使失望，使沮丧disappointed:失望的沮丧的扫兴的（表被动）disappointing:使人失望的令人扫兴的（表主动，正在进行）disappointment:失意失望扫兴使失望的人（事）词组搭配bedisappointedin/at/with/about：对感到失望toone'sdisappointment:令某人失望的是e.g.Tonyisverydisappointedwiththeresultofexam4.distinct,distictivedistinct：指人表示思想，概念清楚明白；指物表示容易让人看到或感受到distinctive:指有特色的，特殊的e.g.HecouldnotgiveadistinctexplanationofhisintentionSoldiersweardistinctiveuniforms5.distinguishdistinguished,distinguishabledistinguish:区别，辨别distinguished:著名的杰出的卓越的distinguishable:看得清楚的区分得开的e.g.IthinkgrayhairmakesyoulookratherdistinguishedTomishardlydistinguishablefromhistwinbrotherSpeechdistinguisheshumanbeingsfromtheanimals6.economy,economic,economical,economicseconomy:经济，节约，节省economic:经济的经济上的economical:指“节约的，节俭的”，多指费用或开支上的节省，常做表语或定语，当表节省的具体内容时，其后用of连接economics:经济学

23e.g.ThecarisquiteeconomicalofpetrolItseemstomethatmuchofherdifficultiesareeconomic2.effect,effectiveeffect:是指由于某种因素作用而直接产生出的”效果，结果”effective:有效的，起作用的e.g.TheytookeffectivemeasurestopreventpoisonousgasesfromescapingThepersonsthathavethegreatesteffectonchildrenaretheirteachers3.electricity,electric,elecotricalelectric:指由电产生或带电的electrical:指与电有关的，电器的electricity:电搭配如下：anelectricalengineer电器工程师anelectricfire电炉4.emotion,emotional,emotiveemotioir情感，激情，情绪emoti:nal：易动情感的，情绪的emotive：激发情感的e.g.SheansweredinavoicefilledwithemotionWomenareoftensaidtobeemotionalthanmenCapitalpunishmentisanemotiveissue5.excted,exciting,excitmentexcited:兴奋的（表被动，作表语）exciting:令人激动的，令人兴奋的（表主动）excitement:"激动，兴奋”，名词e.g.Shefoundtheatmosphereofthecollegeenormouslyexciting6.exhaust,exhausted,exhausting,exhaustiveexhaust:使疲倦，用尽，耗尽exhausted:感到精疲力竭的exhausting:令人精疲力竭的exhaustive:彻底的,详尽的e.g.OperationwhichleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortableThelongcycleexhaustedme.7.history,historic,histoyical

24history:历史historic:"具有历史意义的，历史性的”,指famousorimportantinhistory,如ahistoricoccasion具有重大历史意义的场合historical:“历史上的,史学的“，指basedonhistory或involvinghistory与历史有关的,属于过去的，tQahistoricalnovel历史小说,historicalstudies史学研究2.illustrate,illustrative,illustriousillustrate:作插图，图表，作列证illustrative:解说性的，说明性的illustrious:著名的,杰出的e.g.ThesewordsshouldbegivenwithillustrativeexamplesHerculeswasoneofthemostillustriousheroesofancienttimesThisbehavionillustratesyourselfness38.imagine,imaginary,imaginative,imaginableimagine:想象，设想imaginary:虚构的，假想的，不真实的imaginative:富有想象力的，爱想象的imaginable:可想象的，想象得到的e.g.HehadsufferedallhislifefromimaginaryailmentsWehadthegreatestdifficultyinmaginablegettinghereintimeHeisanimaginativewriter.39incredible,incredulousincredible：为“不能相信的”，还“表惊人的，难以置信的"，如alincrediblespeed以难以置信的速度，incredibleNews惊人的消息incredulous：为“不相信的，怀疑的”e.g.Whentheyheardthisstory,theywereatfirstincredulousItisincrediblethathebecomesamillionareovernight4O.industry,industrial,ihdustrious,industrializeindustry:工业industrial:工业的,产业的industrious:勤劳的industrialize:使工业化e.g.TheChinesepeopleisanindustriouspeople.Moreandmorecitiesareindustrializedwiththedevelopmentofeconomyandsocietyinrecentyears41inspire,inspired,inspiringinspir:启迪，启示,激励，鼓舞inspired“有创作力的，有雄心壮志的”inspiring:鼓舞人的，吸引人的e.g.HeactslikeamaninspiredWerememberedtheinspiringtalkshegaveuslasttimeHisnobleexampleinspiredtherestofustogreaterefforts

2542.just,justified,justicejust:形容词“正义的公正的二副词“仅仅只是勉强地”justified:“有正当理由的事出有因的”，常用短语为“bejustifiedin”Justice:名词“正义公正",常用短语为dojusticeto”公平地对待，公正地判断「bringtojustice"把交付审判，公正地评判”e.g.Johnjustmanagedtopasstheexam.Heisfullyjustifiedindoingso.Todoherjustice,sheisagood-naturedwoman43.live,alive,living,livelylive:作形容词，“活的，有生命的”，一般作定语。此外，还有“现场的，直播的"意思。e.g.“Thecatisplayingwithalivemouse.”alive:“活的，有生命的"，一般作表语。如“Hisparentsarestillaliveliving:活着的，尤指现存的，既可作定语，也可作表语，如“livingcreature"或"Heisstillliving”lively:充满活力的,活泼的，逼真的。e.g.Sheisaslivelyasakitten44.oblige,obliged,obliging,obligatoryoblige:强迫，要求obliged:感激的，感谢的obliging:愿意帮助的obligatory:必须的，强制性的e.g.IamobligedtoyouforhelpingusServinginthearmedforcedisnotobligatoryforwomenThelawobligesparentstosendtheirchildrentoschool45.partly.partiallypartly:“部分地,不完全地"，是wholly的反义词,侧重数量和范围。partially:“部分地，不完全地”，还有“偏袒地，不公平地”的意思，是completely的反义词，侧重程度。e.g.Heispartlytoblame46.preish,preished,perishable,perishinperish;死亡，腐烂perished:“极不适，极难受”，常构成ubeperishedwith”perishable:易腐的，易坏的perishing:极冷的e.g.PerishablefoodshouldbestoredinarefrigeratorItisperishingoutthereThousandsofpeopleperishedintheearthquake47.pointout,pointto,pointatpointout:意为“指出”，如Wouldyoupleasepointoutmymistakesinreadingthetext?pointto:意为”指向,面向“，如Notfarfromthere,youwillseeasignpostpointingtothetownyouwanttogopointat:意为“指着"，如TheteacherpointedatthemapandaskwhereAsiawas48.prohibit,prohibited,prohibitionprohibit:禁止,禁令

26prohibited:形容词，“被禁止的"(后接from)prohibition:名词，“禁止,禁令"(后接against)词组搭配：prohibitsbfromdoingsth禁止某人做某事theprohibitionagainstsmoking禁烟令e.g.Pickingflowersintheparkisprohibited45.provide,providedprovide:"预备，防备，提供，供给”，词组搭配为providesbwithsth或providesthto/forsbprovided:“假如，若是"，它所表示的条件是说话者所规定或坚持的，不能用来表示消极意义的假设。一般情况可用if代替，但用if的句子，不一定能用provided(that),provided(that)只用于含有先接条件要履行的从句中，如Youmaycomeprovided(that)youacceptmyoffer46.practise,practical,practicable,practicedpractise”:练习，训练“，后接动名词practical:实际的，现实的practicable:可实施的，行得通的practiced:熟练的，有经验的e.g.Theremedywhichisproposedissimple,easyandpracticableHeperformedthejobwithpracticedskill47.oprefer,preferable,preferenceprefer:更喜欢，宁愿选择preferable:形容词“更可取的，更好的”,在“Itispreferablethat结构中用虚拟语气,其形势为“should+动词原形”preference:名词“偏爱，先择权，优先权”，所跟的表语从句或同谓语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，既should+动词原形e.g.ItispreferablethatyoushouldstartoutnowHispreferenceisthatweshouldsetoffnowinsteadofstayingathome48.respect,respectingrespectful,respective,respectablerespect:尊敬，尊重respecting:介词“关于，至于“respectful:意义为某人对别人“充满敬意的”respectable:意为“可敬的，有好名声的”，指具有让别人尊敬的品质respective:意为“各自的，各个的”（置于复数名词前）e.g.Theteacherisrespectable,soweareallrespectfultohimTheboyshavetheirrespectivefuturedreams49.restrict,restrictive,restrictedrestrict:限制,约束restricted:有限的，受约束的restrictive:限制性的，约束性的e.g.ThedrughasonlyarestrictedcommercialuseSomelawsareprohibitive,andsomeareonlyrestrictiveSpeedisrestrictedto30mphintowns

2745.right,rightful,righteousright:正义，公正rightful:合法的，应得的righteous:正直的,善良的，正义的e.g.ThepeasantswerefirmlyconvincedthattheyweretherightfulownersofthelandArighteouspersonisonewhoisgood,honest,ect.Youdidrighttotellmethetruth46.season,seasonable,seasonal,seasonoingseason:季节，节气seasonable:适合季节的，合适令的，及时的seasonal:季节性的，季节的seasoning:调味品,佐料e.g.ThesecondexpeditionbroughtseasonalaidtothemenwhohadsurvivedthefirstBeingalifeguardatasummerresortisseasonalwork47.sense,senseless,sensible,sensitivesense:觉悟，感觉senseless:无知觉的，愚蠢的sensible:合理的，明智的sensitive:“敏感的，灵敏的"，常与to连用e.g.AmanwaslyingsenselessontheroadWhydon'tyoudosomethingsensibleinyoursparetimeShefeelsasenseofsecurityinhisarmsSomestudentsareespeciallysensitivetothisissue.48.short,shortness,shortageshort:形容词“短缺,不足”，短语为beshortofshortness:名词"短暂性”shortage:名词“不足，缺乏”e.g.Aheartattackvictimoftenexperiencesonlypainandshortnessofbreath58.skill,skilled,skillfulskill:技巧，技艺skillful:一般指人聪明，做事灵巧，尤指手巧，意思为“灵巧的，娴熟的”skilled:指受过正规训练，掌握某项专门技术，意思为“熟练的，有技能的”e.g.Thegirlhasgrownmoreskillfulwithsewing-machineHeisaskilledengineer59.special,specificspecial:指不同于普通的，有“与众不同，少见，专门的”或“需要特别对待”的意思specific:指某一“特定的，特殊的，特种的”事物；有的多半为科学上用语，表示“特有的，固定的”性质e.g.SpecialattentionshouldbepaidtothisquestionThemoneyisusedforaspecificpurpose

2858.success,succeed,succession,successivesucceed：动词“成功，继承，接着。短语为:succeedindoingsth成功做成某事succeedtosth继承(财产，头衔)success:名词“成功，成就”succession:名词“连续，系列，继任”，常用词组为:insuccession连续地asuccessionof一连串的…,一系列的….successive:形容词“连接的，连续的”e.g.Hehasbeenawardedfirstprizeforthreeyearsinsuccession59.suppose,supposedsuppose:动词“假设，猜想”，词组为:besupposedtodosth应该做某事”,suppose(supposing)可以引导条件句,相当于if从句，有时用虚拟语气supposed:所谓的，误传的e.g.Supposingyoufailasecondtime,don'tgetdisappointed,buttryagain.Supposeitwerefinetomorrow,wouldyougoswimmingwithus?Thesupposedbeggarwasreallyapoliceofficeindisguise.60.tolerate,tolerable,toleranttolerate:容忍，忍受tolerable:可容忍的,尚好的⑹eram:容忍的，宽容的e.g.TheheatwastolerableatnightbutsuffocatingduringthedayIamatolerantmanbutyourbehaviorismorethanIcanbearhowcanyoutoleratethatawfulwoman61.understand,understanding,understandableunderstand:理解，明白understanding:作名词”了解，领会”，作形容词时指人“善解人意的，同情达理的”understandable:指人的行为“可以理解的”e.g.TheinstructionwerenotreadilyunderstandableWehavecometoanunderstanding62.usedto,beusedtousedto:表示“过去常常''，接不定式，如:That'swhereIusedtolivewhenIwasachildbeusedto:表示“习惯于作某事“，接动名词.如:I'mnotusedtobeingspokentointhatrudeway63.value,valuable,invaluable,valuelessvalue:名词“价值，准则”，动词“重视，估计”valuable:“贵重的，有价值的“，修饰商品时，指价值高，在修饰商品以外的事物时，指的是其有用性invaluable:无价的，非常宝贵的valueless:毫无价值的e.g.ThankyouforyourinvaluablehelpTheringismadeofbrass,itisvaluelessDoyouvalueherasafriend?

2958.vary,various,variable,variedvary：改变，变化various:不同的，各种各样的，多方面的（后接复数名词）variable:易变的,多变的Varied:“改变了的，不同的"，指不同方面的同一事物时,其后的名词用单数;指同一事物的不同方面时，其后的名词也可用复数e.g.ThewindstodaywillbelightandvariableHegavemethejobofgoingroundthevariousofficestocollectfeesPricesvarywiththeseasons59.vision,visible,visionaryvision:视力，视觉visible:可看见的，能确定的visionary:想象出的，幻想中的e.g.TheaircrafgotsmallerandsmallerinthedistanceuntilitwasnolongervisibletothepeopleonthegroundIs“peaceonearth^^justavisionaryidea?69worry,worried,worryingworry:焦虑，担心worried:发愁的，担心的（指人）worrying:令人担忧的，使人发愁的（指物）e.g.ThereisnoneedtolooksoworriedItwasaworryingtimeforthem69waken,wake,awake,awakenwaken:多作及物动词，且一般被动语句中，意为“觉醒，觉悟”wake:一般用词，指自己醒来或被人叫醒，常up与连用awake:相当于wakeup,多作不及物动词，还可以当形容词,作表语，意为''醒着的”awaken与awake多用作比喻，作”觉悟到,认识到“讲时，后接to.e.g.Wemustawaketothedangersfacingourcountry70worth,worthy,worthwhileworth:值得的，拥有价值的worthy:值得注意的，值得尊敬的worthwhile:值得做的辨析：(1)worth不可做定语,worthy和worthwhile可做定语，但worthy还有“配得匕可尊敬”之意(2)三个词都可作表语，但worth后接动名词，价钱或代价等类似的词淇他两个则无此用法(3)worth接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义;worthyof根据需要可接动名词的被动式,worthy和worthwhile都可接动词不定式e.g.ThefilmisworthseeingThefactorisworthytobeconsideredThisstoryishardlyworthyofbeliefItisn'tworthwhiletoaskhimtojointheclub

30Theoldbookisworth300dollars单项选择题1.naturemeansalllivingplantsandanimals.AanimalBaiimateCaiimationD.aiimate2.Aslighthillmakesan-differenceintheeaseofwalkingAappreciateBappreciativeCappreciationDjppreciable3.ThediscoverythatherhusbandwasunfaithfultoherwasarudeAavakeningBwikeCawakeDavaken4.AsystemofstrictdisciplinehasaeffectonconductAboiefitBbaieficialCbeneficientDbeneficiary5.SomePeoplethinkmilitaryserviceisbuildingAcharacterBcharacteristicCcharacterlessDcharacterize6..Theperformanceofthisreasonablypricedrecordplayerisinqualitytothatofsomemoreexpensivehi-fisetsAcomparableBcomparedCGDinparativeD(nmpare7.Oneoftenfindsawriter'sbooksmoreifoneknowsabouthislifeandthetimehewasaliveAcomprehensiveBcomprehendCcomprehensibleDcomprehensively8.LeninexpressedgreatsatisfactiontheworkoftheCommissionA©ncernB(oncertedCconcerningD(oncemed9.Shewasapracticedswindlerandtookadvantageoftheoldman'snatureAconfidenceBconfidingCconfidentDconfidential10.AlinetelephonepoisestretchedofftothehorizonAcontinualBcontinuousCcontinuityDcontinue11.OfthisIam-thatBritainstandstogainbyacloseassociationwithherneighborsAconvincingBconvincibleCconvinceDconvinced12.he'sonlyjuststarted,heknowsquitealotaboutitAconsideredBconsideringCconsiderateDconsiderable13.Sinceherbabydied,shehasbeensothatshecriesattheleastthingAd甲ressantBd甲ressiveCdepressedDdressing14.AdiagnosisdistinguishesbetweentwosimilardiseaseAdfferentialBdfferCdifferentDdiference15.MorestatehelpisneededforthesectionofthecommunityAadvantageBaivantageousCdsadvantageousDdsadvantaged16.Eachrankinthearmyhasa-signtowearAdstinctBdistinctiveCdstinctionDdfetinctly17.Hewasnotanordinaryman;hewasajudgeAdistinguishingBdistinguishedCdistinguishableDdistinguish18.TheyoungwifecannotbetooifsheistohelpherhusbandinhiscareerAconomicalBeconomyC©onomicDeonomicaHy19.1don'tthinkittoaskhimtojointheclubAvorthwhileBw)rthCworthyDvorthness20.ofhisfriend'ssuccesshecastaboutforsomemeanstohumiliatehimAenvyBoiviableCaiviousDmvied21.ThestudentdidresearchbeforewritingthetermpaperAexhaustBexhaustedCexhaustiveDexhausting22.ThroughouthislifeJackremainedtohisfundamentalpoliticalprincipleAfaithBfaithfullyCfiithfulDfiithless

3121.A-towermadeofconcrete,bottles,hubcapsandcansAfencifulBfintasyCfincyDfintastic22.Hisheartsankashelistenedtothejudgeutteringthe-wordsAfateBfatedCfatallyDfateful23.Becauseshehasamannershe'sslowinmakingfriendsAforbidBforbiddingCforbiddenDfirbiddingly24Asanurseshegotvery,butbeinganadministratorseemstosuitherAfustrateBfustrationCfustratedDfustrating25AcareerhadbeenpredictedforherintheCivilServiceAgitteringBgitterCglitteryDglttered26TheirwholehistoryseemedtobereflectedinthesongAgbrifyBgbrifiedCgbrificationDgbrious27HisrefusalwaswordedinsuchawaythatwecouldnotbeoffendedAgraceBgracelessCgraciousDgraceful28.ThespotonwhichthefirstpilgrimlandedinAmericaAhstoryBhstoricChstoricalDhstorically29.MostofthestudentsaremakinggoodprogressbutJennyseemscaseAhopeBhopelessChopefulDhopelessness30.TheoutburstwasofherbadtemperAilustrateBllustrativeCllustrationDllustrious31.Theartist'suseofcolordelightedthecriticsAimagineBrnaginativeCinaginaryDmaginable32.ItistothinkthatwecouldbuildthehouseinamonthAinpracticableBinpracticalCrnpracticallyDmpracticability33.Asthegoodsweredamaged,shefellfullyinaskingforhermoneyAjisticeBjistificationCjistifiableDjistified34.It'sonlythatshe'sbeenwellenoughtogooutAhterBhtterChteDhtely35.ThereisnoofthathappeningAlikeBlikelyClikelihoodDlikeness36.ShegaveaaccountofheradventureAIvelyBIvingCdiveDIve39.ForallhersufferingshecouldonlyfeelaaffectionforherAbveBbvingCbvelyDbved40.WemustbenotonlyoftheformbutalsoofthecontentofourdrillsentenceAnindBrrindfulCnindedDmndless41.ThepolicecouldnotfindaforthemurderAmotivateBirotivatedCiwtiveDrrotiveless42.ThebeggartoldhersuchastorythatshealwaysweptAnoveBrtDvementCiwvableDmoving43.Hewasbeingvery-andwouldn'ttellmewhathewasuptoAnythBnysteriousCnysteryDnysteriousness44.ThegardenwasinastateoftotalAnqglectBneglectedCneglectfulDn^lectfully44.1tistoremoveyourshoesbeforeenteringAobligationBobligatoryCobligedDobliging46.Hehasmovedmostofhisstuff,therearejustafewandendsleftAoddBoddsCodlityDoddly47..Wewerewithcoldandhungry

32ApffishBperishingCperishedDperishable46.ShelookedinamannerattheclockandIunderstoodthatitwastimetoleaveApohtBpointerCpohtlessDpointed49.1don'tthinkthatitwouldbeofmuchvaluetoeitherofusApractiseBpracticedCpracticalDpncticable5O.ShespentadaycleaningthehousethoroughlyApofitBpofitableCpofitablyDpofitless答提卡：15BDABA6I0ACCBB1115DBCAD1620田AAC2125CCDDB2630CADDB

333135BBBBD3640DCABB41——45CDBAB4650BCDCB常用同义近义词用法与区别I.accomp1ish,achieve,complete,finishaccomplish达到（目的），成功完成,强调“成功”。e.g.Weaccomplishedourvoyagein3hours,achieve（凭借努力而）获得成功或到达.强调“努力”。e.g.:Wehaveachievedgreatsuccessduringour20yearsreformation.我们在20年的改革中获得了巨大的成功。complete用以具体事物的完成，如建筑、工程、书籍等的完成。含有“积极”的意思。e.g.:Theexperimentwillbecompletedbytheendofthisyear,finish常与complete〃通用，但finish可接动名词,而complete则不能。e.g.:Haveyoufinishedreadingthenovel?2.acid和sour二者都做“酸的、酸味的”讲,但汉语“吃不到葡萄就说葡萄酸”中的“酸葡萄”只能用“sourgrapes”而不能用"acidgrape"。此外,sour还表示食物发酵后“酸臭的、馁的”，并且还可以形容人“易怒的、脾气坏的”acid特指化学中“酸性的”还可以表示对别人严厉的批评和讽刺.意为“尖酸刻薄、讽刺的”。e.g.:1）.Hisremarkswereratheracid.他的话有些尖酸刻薄。2）.Whatasourfaceshehas!她的脸色多难看啊！3.accuse与charge二者都有"指控、控告”的意思.accuse”职责,指控“与介词of连用.语义比较尖锐,直截；但指控对方的事情并不一定很严重。e.g.:Theyaccusedhimofcheatingintheexam.他们指控他考试作弊。charge“控告”与介词with连用或与that从句连用，往往常有“正式法律控诉”的意味，一般用于较重的错误或罪行。e.g.:Themanagerwaschargewithjackinguppricesandwasputintoprison这位经理被指控哄抬物价而被投入监狱。4.Admit,acknowledge,confess三者有“承认供认”的意思，admit表示“供认承认”常暗示因收外界压力或受自己良心或判断力的驱使而承认，含有“不情愿”的意味，常与t。构成断语。e.g.:Georgewouldneveradmittobeingwrong.“Acknowledge”侧重“公开承认”常用于指承认过去隐瞒或曾经否认的事，也含“不情愿”的意思。e.g.:Theyrefusedtoacknowledgethattheyweredefeat.他们拒绝承认他们被打败。confess”承认，坦白，忏悔”是使用范围最窄，语气最强的词，侧重承认自己的错误或是罪恶。因此有“忏悔坦白”之义，常与to构成短语。

34e.g.:MaJiajueconfessedthathehadmurderedthem.马加爵供认他杀了他们。2.affect和influenceaffect“影响”，着重动作，暗示产生的影响如此强烈，以至能引起反映，有是只用来表示“使发生不良的影响”。e.g.:Thesightaffectedhertotears.这一景象使她感动得流泪。influence"影响”，一般指的是不易察觉到的，潜移默化的影响，以至于在行动，思想，性格或者行为等方面引起的变化。e.g.:Theyinfluencedpublicopinionthoughthepress.他们通过报界来影响公共舆论。3.afford,provide和supply三者都有“提供，供给”的意思afford可以带双宾语，一般用于抽象事物，还可以特指经济能力，指“供给”或能“付出”一定的时间，在这种意义上只能接在can或beableto之后。e.g.:1).Heaffordmeanopportunity.2)IthinkIcanaffordthis.provide特指“供给”需要或有用的东西。e.g.:Weprovidedthemwithboardandlodging.我们给他提供食宿。supply与provide意义相近，都表示“供给”但牵涉到金钱时，provide往往含有“免费供给”之义，supply一般需付钱，而且不可以有双宾语。e.g.:Cowssupplyuswithmilk.7.accept和receivereceive表示“收至接到”，强调客观情况，并不表示“接受accept:表示主观的“接受，同意”物或某事。e.g.:Maryreceivedapresentbutshewillnotacceptit.马丽收到了一个礼物，但是她没有接受它。8.as,when和while三者可引导时间状语丛句。while只能表示持续性的动作或状态,不能表示一时性或暂时性。e.g.:Whiletheteacherexplainedthetext,thestudentlistenedattentivelyandtakenotes.老师讲解课文时，同学们的听讲并且做笔记。.as也可以表示持续性的动作，但持续得很短,主句和丛句的动作同时发生.且as引出的句子般不省略主语和谓语动词，而while却可以。e.g.:Theearthturnsrounditsaxisasitstravelsroundthesun.地球一面围绕着太阳运行，一面围绕着地轴自转。when即可表示一时性的动作也可表示持续性的动作，可以指一段时间，也可以指一个时间点,从

35句的动作和主句的动作可以同时，也可以先于从句的动作。WhenTomreturns,mgivehimthekey.当汤姆回来时，我会把钥匙交给他的。7.as,since,because和for四者都有“因为，由于”的意思。as引导的从句语气比because要弱，它引导的从句一般放在句首,说明的原因只是附带性的。e.g.:Asasteelshipishollow,itfloatsonwater.由于钢船是空心，所以它能浮在水E»because引导的从句表示的“原因”语气最强，它引导的从句对已明确的事实表示稍加分析后的原因，它引导的从句般放在主句后，用来表示直接的原因,但也可以放在句首。e.g.:JustbecauseIdon'tcomplain,youmustn'tsupposethatI'msatisfied.你不可因为我不抱怨就以为我满意了。since引导的从句一般放在句首，特别是表示“既然”时。e.g.:Sincenooneisagainstit,we'lladopttheproposal.既然没人反对，这个议案我们就通过了。for所表示的是逻辑上的理由，提供•些有利于说明情况的补充说明,作为并列连词，它引导的分句只能放在全句的后面。e.g.:Theremustbenooneinthehouse,forthedoorisclosed.门关着，屋里面肯定没人。8.beat,hit和strike三者都有：“敲，击”的意思。beat可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，意为“打击”尤指用木棍连续的打击。e.g.:ShewasbeatingIhecarpettoclearthedustoutofit.她敲打着地毯，使灰尘从地毯中抖落下来。hit"击中，碰撞，打击，伤害……的感情”，也指“（寻找后或突然地）发现，（无意中）遇见Oe.g.:HehithisforeheadagainstIhekerbedwhenhefell.当他跌倒时，他额头撞在街道的砌边石上。strike"打击，敲（与连用），打出（火花），使鸣（响），使突然成为，造成（强烈）的印象”,使用极为广泛，在“击中”意义上，与hit同义。e.g.:Strikewhiletheironishot.趁热打铁。9.blame,condemn,reproach和scoldblame意为“指责，谴责，归咎（某人某物）"。多用于指责他人没有完成好自己的责任e.g.:Themayorisalwaysbeingblamedfornotbeingintouchwithpeople'sneeds.市长因没有满足民众的愿望而遭谴责。condemn意为“责备，谴责”语气比较重，表达的是强烈的，公开的不满。e.g.:Thelawhasbeencondemnedbyit'sopponentsasanattackonpersonalliberty.这项法规的反对者谴责它，说它是对人身自由的攻击。reproach意为“责备，申诉”，表示指责往往不是愤怒的，而是伤心的，失望的。

36e.g.:Shereproachedhimforforgettingtheiranniversary.她责备他竟把他们的结婚周年纪念日给忘了。scold意为“责骂，唠唠叨叨的骂"。往往是上级，父母，老师对不规矩的行为的责备。e.g.:Shescoldedherchildrenfrequently.7.beat,win和defendbeat意为“赢、胜过”后面一般接比赛，辩论或战争中时手的词语。e.g.:lcaneasilybeathimattabletennis.在乒乓球比赛中，我可以轻易地战胜他。win作及物动词时意思为“赢得二作不及物时意思为“获胜e.g.:Inthatgame,wewon./wewonthatgame.在那场比赛中，我们获胜了./我们赢得了那场比赛。defeat意思为"击败e.g.:Wedefeatedtheminthatgame8.besides,except和exceptforbesides意思为"除……之外，还有”，指的是“已有…另加上“它往往表示“不少，增多'’的意思。e.g.:Ihavefivemagazinesbesidesthis..除此之外，我还有五本杂志except意思为“除…之外”，其后的词同句子的主语是同类的，指在同类众多个体中除去一个。e.g.:Iunderstandeverythingexceptwhyshekilledhim.我•切都明白,只是不理解她为什么把他杀死了。exceptfor“意思为”除了.….之外”，但常对某种基本情况进行具体的，细节片面的修正,其后所接的词同句子的主语不是同类的，指从整体中除去一个细节，•个片面。e.g.:Yourcompositionisgoodexceptforafewmistakes.你的作文除了少数拼写错误之外还是好的。9.betweenourselves和amongourselvesbetweenourselves意为“咱俩私下说“，“秘密地”。e.g.:Allthisisbetweenourselves这一切只能有我们俩人知道。amongourselves意为"在我们之间”。：e.g.:Wediscussedthisquestionamongourselves.我们讨论了这个问题。10.blank,bare,vacant和hollow四者都有“光的或空的”意思。bare意为“光秃的”。e.g.:abarehead光头。blank意为"空白的为e.g.:ablankpage空白的一页。

37vacant意为“未占满的，未占用的，空着的e.g.:avacantpost空缺的职位。hollow意为“空洞的，形容空而不实”。e.g.:ahollowpromise空洞的诺言。7.ban,forbid和prohibit三者都为及物动词，表示“禁止”ban意为“禁止”在这三个词义中语气最确，指权威机关“正式禁止”，该词还有“严厅遗责”之意,有短语bansb.fromsth./doingsth明令禁止某人做某事e.g.:Hewasbannedfrom（attending）,themeeting不准他出席该会议。forbid意为“禁止”，是这三个词中最普遍的一个词义，若指一般意义上的“禁止某人做某事”,就要用forbidsbtodosth也可用在被动语态beforbiddentodosth中。e.g.:Itisforbiddentosmokeinthisroom.禁止在本室吸烟。prohibit意为“（通为法律，法令，公告，严正警告）禁止某些事情“该词应用范围比其它两个词广，其常用结构为prohibitsbfromdoingsthe.g.:Thelawprohibitspeoplefromkillingrareanimals法律禁止人们捕杀稀有动物。8.cite与quote两个动词都有“引用，引证”之意。cite专指出示有力的证据或引用例子来作为某一论点的论据和说明。cite常用来指引用权威的研究和理论（而不是单纯的猜测）来支持论断或供他人参考引证。quote指逐字逐句地引用资料cite可以有词句变化但quote应保证与原文完全一致，不得有所改动。9compose和consist二者都有“组成，构成”之意，且二者的主语通常是单数。compose表示由几个部分构成一个整体。e.g.:Theoceaniscomposedofsaltwater.大海是由海水组成的。consist与compose同意，但只能用于主动语态。e.g.:ThecityofWuhanconsistsofmanydistricts武汉市是由许多区组成。10.contain,hold和includecontain（vt）包括，包含，指某物内含另一物（不可用进行时）。e.g.:Contain=consistof=becomposedof（fR〜组成）=bemadeupofconsistsofThemedicalteamcontainssevennumbers.iscomposedof.ismadeupof这医疗队由七个人组成。hold（vt）指“有能力容纳”e.g.:Thenewly-builthallcanhold1000people

38新建的大厅能容纳1000人。include指•物包括另一物。e.g.:Thisbookincludesapassagewhichdealswithverbtenses这本书包括涉及动词时态一章7.cost,spend和take三者都有“花费”之意。cost指“花费”金钱，劳力和时间。主语通常是事或物，可跟双宾语（不可用被动语态）。e.g.:Thisvasecosthimfivedollarsspend意为“花费”金钱和时间，主语是人。Spend（I）+时间（金钱）+on+名词（2）+时间（金钱）（in）+v—ing.e.g.:Hespentallhissavingsonanewcar.他把全部积蓄花在-一辆新车上。take变为“花费”，时间。主语通常是一件事，也可跟双宾语。e.g.:Itwillhim3daystofinishthework.21,despite和inspiteofdespite=inspiteof,“不管，尽管“，它们共同的特点是：后面可接名词短语和what引出的名词性从句（注：despite后不加of）。e.g.：hisgreathealth,healwaysremainedamanofsimpletasteAExceptforBWithre.g.ardtoCAlthoughDDespite答：[D]22.damage,destroy和spoil三者都有“破坏，损坏”之意。damage意为“损坏（害，伤），伤害”，指局部受损，因损害而减少或使之失使用价值，用途或外表。e.g.:Thefiredamagedthefurniture.火把家具烧坏了。destroy意为“（十分彻底地）破坏”，并常含有“不能或很难修复”之意。e.g.:Thehousewasdestroyedbybombs.房子被炸弹毁坏了。spoil意为“破坏”价值，用途等抽象概念。e.g.:Holidaysspoiltbybadweather因为天气坏而使人扫兴的假期。23.deline和descenddecline意为（力量，权力,数量等的）“削减”。e.g.:thedeclineoftheRomanEmpire.罗马帝国的衰弱。descend意为“下来，下降”指从具体的某一高处下到底处。

39e.g.:Theballoondescendedgraduallyastheaircameout。气球空气外逸而缓缓下落。22.DecreaseJessen.diminish和reduce四者都有“减少”之意。reduce指通过人为的方法在数量，规模，范围等方面减少，亦指在地位重要性方面的降低。e.g.:Wemustgraduallyreducethewagegap.我们要逐步缩小工资差距。decrease指使某物变小，使速度，数量，价值体积等逐步下降或减少的过程。e.g.:Theprimecostdecreasedby60%.主要成本降低了60%。lessen与decrease意思相近，但是一般不与具体的数字连用。diminish指由于某种原因而减少，这种减少可能造成能够成为人觉察得到的后果或损失，有“不幸”的意思。e.g.:Thewarhasseriouslydiminishedthecountryiswealth..这场战争已经严重地减少了这个国家的财富。23.elder和older二者都是old的比较级elder意为“较年长的”在句中作定语。指兄弟，姐妹中年长者。e.g.:Myelderbrotherolder意为“较老的，较旧的”可以用于人，又可以用于物，在句子中可以作定语，又可以作表语•e.g.:HeisolderthanI.24.excursionjourney,tour,travel,trip和voyage六者都有“旅游、旅行”之意.excursion意为“旅游”，指短途旅游，远足，尤指众人集体远足当天往返的行为。e.g.:Exceptherwelookaniceexcursiontothecountryonfoot.我们进行了一次愉快的乡村旅游，她没去。journey“旅游”，指距离的旅游，尤指陆上旅行。e.g.:Hemadeajourneyhalfwayroundtheworld.tour“周游、巡视、漫游”，常指根据•定路线，事先安排的出行。e.g.:I'mgoingonatourroundtheworld.我打算作一次环球旅行。travel意为“旅行”，指长、短途旅行，尤指作长途旅行,或到国外旅行.作名词时多用复数，指游记、旅行记等，有去许多地方或遍游的意思。e.g.:HeisreadingthetravelofMarcopolo.他在阅读马可波罗游记.trip意为“旅行”，一般指短途旅行，有时也远程旅行或航行,系一般用语通常含有回到出发地的意思.作远程旅行解时，与journey同义，可互换。e.g.:TheyhavemadeahoneymoontriptoVenice.他们前往威尼斯度蜜月旅游。

40voyage意为“旅行”，一般指长短程的水上或空中的旅行。e.g.:You'HhaveacomfortablevoyagetothefarEast.你将作一次海上舒适的远东旅行。22.fit和suit二者都可作及物动词，表示“适合”。fit作“适合、吻合”解，多指尺寸、大小、形状或位置的“适合”。e.g.:It'sdifficulttofitasuitonhimbecauseheissoirre.g.ularlybuilt.他因体型与常人不同，所以很难有合身的衣服。suit指的是合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位、风格、程度的“适合”。e.g.:Theclimateheresuitsmeverywell.这里的气候非常适合我。28.imaginary,fanciful,fantastic和fictitiousimaginary意为“想象中的、不真实的”，指某事是虚构的、假想的、杜撰的。e.g.:Themaincharactersinthenovelareentirelyimaginary.这小说里面的主要人物全部都是虚幻的。fanciful意为“爱空想的、想象的”，指人富于幻想,往往含有奇异、怪诞之意.e.g.:Heisafancifulwriter.他是一位富于幻想的作家。fantastic意为“幻想的、奇异的”，指描写奇异而怪诞的事，如梦、形状、服装、式样等，也指计划、观念无法实现的、荒谬的。e.g.:Theideathatmanwouldeverreachthemoonseemedfantasticahundredyearsago.人类登上月球的设想在一百年前是异想天开的事情。fictitious"虚构的、杜撰的”，指非真实的(人或事)。e.g.:Theaccounthegivesofhischildhoodisquitefictitious.他把童年往事说得很假。29.independently,individually,respectively和separatelyindependently意为"独立地”individually意为“个别地”respective!意为"分别地”separately意为"分开地”3O.like,alike和similar三者作形容词，都有“相似的”意思。alike是表语形容词，不能作定语;like既可作表语又可作定语.similar也可兼作表语和定语。e.g.:1)Thesetowphotographsarealmostalike.这两张照片几乎一样。2)Likecausestendtoproducelikeresults.类似的原因往往产生类似的结果。3)Wehavesimilartastesinmusic.

41我们在音乐方面爱好相似。31..preserve,keep,reserve和conservekeep意为“保存”（日常用语），带宾语补足语。e.g.:Hekeptthatpicturecarefullyinacase.他把那张照片仔细的保存在一个箱子里。preserve意为"保藏"。e.g.:Saltisusedtopreservemeat.人们用盐来保存肉。reserve意为“保留，使不占用e.g.:Ihavereservedtowseatsfortonightfilm.我为今天晚上的电影预定了两张票。conserve意为“保存，强调珍惜”。e.g.:weshouldconserveourresources.我们应该保存我们的资源。32.pace和speed二者都有“速度”，之意。pace常用人，马的步速。e.g.:Thehorsemovedateasypace.这匹马步子轻快地向前走。speed常指交通工具和机械的速度。e.g.:Thecaristravelingatspeedof50milesanhour33.punctual和timelypunctual意为“守时的.按时的”。timely意为“及时的，适时的”、34.putdress和wear三者都有“穿”的意思。dress可作及物动词或不及物动词，意思是“（给〜）穿衣服”（表示动作）。e.g.:Hedresshimselfquickly.puton是个动词短语，意思是“穿上”（表示动作）。e.g.:Jackputonhishatandwentout.wear只做及物动词，“意为穿着..•的衣服”（表示状态）。E.g.:Hewearsabeautifulshirt35,recognize,realize和identifyrecognize意为“认出”“认识”，“承认”。e.g.:Hehadchangedsomuchthatonecouldhardlyrecognizehim.他的变化很大，几乎使人不能认出他来。realize意为“认出”，“认识到”“实现”E.g.:Doesherealizehiserroryet他认识到他的错误没有？identify意为“辨认”“认出”“鉴定”。e.g.:Iidentifiedthecoatatonce-itwasmybrother's我一眼就认出那件外套是我兄弟的。

4236.reveal,discloseR,exposedisclose意为“揭示隐藏之物”。e.g.:Nothingdisclosesmorequicklythekindofpersonyouarethantheclothesyouwear.什么都不如你穿的衣服更能说明你是什么样的人。reveal意为“展示本质”e.g.:Thesecretwasrevealed.秘密被揭露了。expose意为“暴露丑恶之物”e.g.:Yourwordsonlyexposedyourignorance.你的话语只暴露你的无知.start,originate和create37start用以表示某一动作或思想的“开始”。E.g.:Itstartedtorainoriginate表示某一说法的“起源”e.g.:Thequarreloriginatedinrivalrybetweenthetwofamilies这次争吵是两家不和引起的。create意为“创造”。e.g.:Godcreatedtheworld.上帝创造了世界。38.trestment与curetreatment意为“治疗”强调过程。e.g.:undergoing（接受治疗）medicaltreatmentcure意为“治愈”强调结果。e.g.:Thedoctorcannotguaranteeacure.医生不能保证治愈。39.through和across二者均为介词“穿过，经过，”之意。through意为“经过，通过，遍及，从头到尾”，指某人，某物通过，穿过某一范围，如穿过森林地带，遍及全国，流经某一河流等动作。也指从头到尾了解，去做某事等。e.g.:Theroadgoesthroughtheforest.这条道路穿过森林。across意为“横过，从一端到另一端”横过，越过街道，河流成十字交叉状。e.g.:Abridgewaslaidacrosstheriver.一座桥横架河上。40.utterly和entirely二者都有“完全地，彻底地”的意思。entirely表示说话人的肯定态度。e.g.:Ientirelyagreewithyou.utterly则表示说话人的否定态度。e.g.:Sheisutterlydissatisfied.41.vary,alter和changevary(vi.)不时地变化，强调多变。

43Pricesvaryeveryday.价格天天变。alter(vt,)局部的变化。e.g.:Shealteredherdressestocatchthefashion.她把裙子改了一下以赶上潮流。change(vt.)彻底“改变”。e.g.:Youhavecompletelychanged.38.veryquite二者都作副词用，有“很，非常”的意思。通常侧重于对事实的客观描述，它的程度意味较强。e.g:Sheisaverygoodactress.(客观描述)她是一位好演员。侧重表达主观的看法，可以表达说话人对所修饰的词的看法和态度，表示“在当时是恰如其分的”。有时有削弱程度的意味。e.g:Sheisquiteagoodactress.她算得上是一位好演员。39.withhold,keep和retain三者都有“保持，保存”之意。keep为常用词，侧重指能够控制，掌握或照顾。e.g:YoucankeepthatbookIlentyou.retain较为正式，侧重于“继续保持”而不失去。f.g:Weretainedtheoriginalfireplacewhenwedecoratedtheroom.withdraw意为“保留，隐匿”，指阻止其离去或泄露。g.g:\vithdrawinformation40.wretched和miserable二者都有“悲惨的，可怜的”意思。miserable着重指内心的痛苦，不幸，该词常含“令人同情”的成分。e.g:miserablefromcoldandhungerwretched则着重指外表的贫困，肮脏，瘦弱等。该词在一定情况下可以暗示“轻视”，甚至“憎恶”。e.g:leadawretchedexistenceintheslums练习1.Columbushadoneofthemostamazingandcourageousfeatinhistory.A.accomplishedB.quittedC.completedD.finished2.ThemilkisturnedA.sourB.acidC.sourlyD.acidly3.Thepolicemanstoppedhimwhenhewasdrivinghomeandhimofspeeding.A.chargedB.accusedC.blamedD.warned4.YesterdayIaparcelformmyparents.A.havereceiveedB.receivedC.acceptedD.haveaccepted5.Thevolumevariesthetemperatureincrease.

44A上efbreB.afterC.duringD.as3.John,owned90%ofallAmericanoilrefineries.A.asstillayoungmanB.whilestillayoungmanC.ayoungmanhoweverD.inspiteofayoungman.4.thecourtsareunderwater,wecannotplaytennis.A.beforeB.AsC.whereD.For5.Jimmusthavebeentoldthenews,heiswearingarathersadlook.A.becauseB.nowhatC.asD.for6.Lemanhasfalleninloveandishard.A.strikeB.hitC.beatD.konck1.1Itwasn'tyourfault-youhavenothingtoyourselfwith.A.scoldB.reproachC.condemnD.blame11.Tryingtowildlifeisajobthatconcernsallofus.A.preserveB.advanceC.provideD.reserve12.AtpresentIcannotacarbecauseofthelowsalary.A.provideB.supplyC.affordD.offer13.“Howmuchdidyoupayforthathat?"“Ittendollars^^.A.costB.costedC.spendD.spent14.theadvancesofscience,thediscomfortsofoldagewillnodoubtalwaysbewithus,A.AsforB.BesidesC.ExceptD.Despite15.theinterruption,hewastofinishhisexercisesbeforetheclasswasover.A.InsteadB.DespiteC.BecauseofD.inyiteof16.Themachineisofanewtypeafewshortcomingshereandthere.A.exceptB.besidesC.exceptbrD.inadditionb1.11hadn'tseenhimforyears,butIhisvoiceonthetelephone.A.realizedB.recognizedC.heardD.discovered18.Thetestanumberofmultiplechoicequestions.A.composesB.composeshC.consistsofD.consistsh19.Weshallsoonbethechannel.A.acrossB.crossC.throughD.over20.ManyproverbsinancientGreeceandRomeandinmedievalEuropespreadingformcountrytocountryinLatintexts.A.startedB.orignatedC.createdD.came21.Undercertainconditionsofstress,somepeoplequalitiestheyhadneverknowntheypossessed.A.uncoverB.exposeC.revealD.showup22.Manypeoplecomplainoftherapidofmodernlife.A.rateB.speedC.paceD.growth23.You,dbetterthesleevesofthiscoat;theyaretoolong.A.justifyB.discardC.varyD.alter24.Toimpressafutureemployer,oneshoulddressneatly,beanddisplayinterestinthejob.A.swiftB.punctualC.timelyD.instant25.Hisdisplayofilltempercompletelytheeveningparty.A.damageB.hurtC.destroyedD.spoilt26.TheshipwasinastormoffShanghaiyesterday.A.woundedB.destroyedC.interferedD.hurt

4518.Mostauthorsusenamesforthecharactersintheirnovels.A.fictitiousB.fantasticC.fancifulD.imaginary28.Oilsalesvolumeinlocalurbanandruralareasroseby24%and50%,,overjuly1999.A.separatelyB.respectivelyC.independentlyD.individually29.TheyhavegoteverythingreadytomakeaacrosstheAtlantic.A.tripB.travelC.voyageD.journey30.Thisshirtdoesn'tme,it'stoosmall.A.fitB.suitC.fixD.comfort3l.Thebrotherslookvery.A.sameB.similarC.likelyD.likelihood32.Thetwinsaresomuchthatitisdifficulttotellonefromtheother.A.similarB.equalC.likeD.alike33.Thelawtobacconistsfromsellingcigarettes.A.forbidsB.prohibitsC.permitsD.limits34.Therocketanumberofscientificinstruments,includingatelevisioncamera.A.sendsB.containsC.wrapsD.involves35.Thecommitteeisoffifteenmembers.A.inventedB.consistedC.fbrgedD.composed36.England,ScotlandandwalestheIslandofGreatBritain.A.inventsB.composesC.forgesD.consists37.Heisdarkglassestoprotecthiseyesfromthesun.A.dressB.wearingC.bearingD.puttingon38.Thegeneralpublicsoonthatsomethinghasgonewrongwiththeprojectinprogress.A.remembersB.recognizesC.realizesD.awakes39.Keepasecretwe'lldiscussit.A.betweenouselvesB.inouselvesC.amongourselvesD.onouselves40.Whenwegotonthebus,wefoundacoupleofseats.A.bareB.blankC.vacantD.hollow41JapaninthewarwithChina.A.wasbaitenB.wasdefeatingC.defeatedD.wasbait42.Thestreetsweredesertedthepolicemanonduty.

46A.exceptB.exceptfirC.butD.besides32.Thereislittlechancethatmankindwouldanuclearwar.A.retainB.maintainC.endureD.survive33.0urcompanydecidedtothecontractbecauseanumberoftheconditionsinithadnotbeenmet.A.destoryB.resistC.assumeD.cancel34.1amsorryIyourglassesoffthedeskwhenIwaswipingit.A.drewB.hitC.struckD.knocked46.1wasdeeplybytheirheroicdeeds.A.affectedB.effectedC.influencedD.influencing47.Doesbrainpoweraswegetolder?A.declineB.descendC.deduceD.collapse48.Somenationshaveinpopulation.A.reducedB.diminishedC.lessenedD.lowered49.Talkingthingsoutisobviouslyoneofthewaysofthetension.A.raisingB.enlargingC.lessingD.educating50.Thefirstthingwemustdoistoringthepolice.A.tooB.veryC.muchD.soKeys:1.A2.A3.B4.B5.D6.B7.B8.D9.B10.B11.A12.C13.A14.D15.D16.C17.B18.C19.C20.B21.C22.C23.D24.B25.D26.B27.A28.B29.C30.A31.B32.D33.B34.B35.D36.B37.B38.C39.A40.C41.A42.B43.D44.D45.D46.C47.A48.B49.C50.B形近词Aaccuse,excuse和excessaccuse:v.非难,控诉(of)excuse:n.借口excess:n.过度，过分，超越accent和recentaccent:n.口音recent:adj.最近的，不久前的adore和adornadore:v.崇拜，敬爱，深爱，钟爱adorn:v.装饰，修饰adopt,adapt和adeptadopt:v.收养adapt:v.使适应，调节adept:adj.长于的，善于的(与in连用)l.Theoldcoupledecidedtoaboyandagirlthoughtheyhadthreechildrenoftheirown.A)adaptB)ado"C)adeptD)adoptiveaffect,effect,afford,effort和infect

47affect:v.影响，感动，打动effect:n.影响v.产生，引起，实现，完成afford:v.买得起，能满足的开支；能提供，能给予effort:n.努力，尽力infect:vt.污染，传染,感染(infectwith)2.Onceoutoftheearth'sgravity,theastronautisbytheproblemofweightlessness.A)affectedB)effectedC)affordedD)infectedaccompany,company,accompany:v.陪伴，陪同；伴随；伴奏company:公司，商号，同伴agile和allegeagile:adj.灵活的allege:vt.宣称，提出anger,angle,angel,ankle,eagle和eageranger:n.愤怒angle:n.角angel:n.天使ankle:n.脚踝eagle:n.鹰eager:adj.渴望的，迫切的apt,ape和optapt:有一种自然倾向的，易于……的，恰当的，合适的，聪明的ape:n.猿opt:vi.（常与for连用）决定做；选择，选取attract,abstract,exact,subtract和distractattract:v吸弓Iabstract:a.抽象的v.提炼出，取出，抽出exact:a.正确的v.(〜from)要求偿付，强制要求付出subtract:v.扣除，减去distract:v.(〜from)转移注意力，使分心3.NiagaraFallsisagreattourist,drawingmillionsofvisitorseveryyear.A)exactionB)attractionC)abstractionD)distractionattribute,distribute和contributeattribute:v.把归于distribute:v.分配,分发contribute:v.贡献,捐献4.Everyoneisencouragedtofoodandclothingfortherefugees.A)driftB)ditributeC)contributeD)attributeassistresistinsistpersistconsistsubsistassist:v.帮助resist:v.抵抗，对抗

48insist:v.坚持(on)persistv.坚持(in)consist:v.由组成(of)subsist:v.生存，存在，靠为生(on)anticipate和participateanticipate:v.期望，预期participate:v.参力口assert,assent和assetassert:v.维护,辩护assent:v.批准，认可(to)asset:n.财产，资产assert和dessertassert:v.维护，辩护；宣称，断言dessert:n.甜点心assess和accessassess:v.估定，评价access:n.通路，接近Bbeard,board,broad和abroadbread:n.面包board:n.木板v.用木板覆盖broad:a.宽阔的,广大的abroad:adv.在国外，到国外begin和benignbegin:v.开始benign:adj.和蔼可亲的，慈祥的blood,bleed和breedblood:n.血液bleed:v.流血，失血breed:v.饲养，繁殖blond和blendblond:n.&a.白肤金发的，白肤金发的(男人)blonde:n.&a.白肤金发的，白肤金发的(女人)blend:v.混合，溶和both,booth和brothboth:两个，两个……都booth:n.棚子，摊位broth:n.肉汤

49boast和boostboast:v.自吹boost:v.&n.向上推，举起，吹捧burden,bureau,burn和burstburden:负担bureau:局burn:v.燃烧burst:v.&n.爆炸，爆破,爆发3.Theydon'lwanttoaddtothegovernment'sA)bureauB)burdenC)burnD)burstCcanal和candlecanal:n.运河candle:蜡烛climate和climaxclimate:n.天气climax:n.高潮companion,champion,champagne和shampoo,companion:n.同伴champion:n.冠军champagne:香槟shampoo:n.洗发香波comedy和remedycomedy:n.喜剧remedy:治疗，补救办法confident和confidentialconfident:a.自信的，确信的confidential:a保密的,绝密的cancer,cancel,conceal,council和counselcancer:n.癌症cancel:v.删去conceal:v.隐瞒council:n.议会counsel:n.&v.劝告，忠告，建议confirm和conform

50confirm:v.进一步证实，确定，支持，(与to连用)确认，确定；(与in连用)支持，批准,认可conform:(conformto)v,符合，遵照，遵守，相配，与一致3.A11thestudentshavetotorules,andregulationsoftheschool.confiimB)confrontC)confineD)conform4.Thenewfurnituredoesnottothedesignofthenewroom.A)conformB)condemnC)confineD)confirmconfrontwith,complywith,copewith和consistentwithconfrontwith:(使)面对，面临complywith:依从，遵守copewith:处理,解决consistentwith:和致5.TheUnitedStatesistryingtotheseriousproblemscreatedbytheenergycrisis.A)confrontwithB)complywithC)copewithD)beconsistentwithcompliment和complementcompliment:vt.称赞，褒扬，恭维complement:vt.补助，补足contemplate和contaminatecontemplate:v.凝视，沉思，预期，企图contaminate:v.污染6.Moviedirectorsusemusictotheactiononthescreen.A)contaminateB)(omplimentC)contemplateD)complementchaos和chorechaos:n.混乱chore:n.杂务,杂事career和carriercareer:n.事业carrier:n.运货人colonel和channelcolonel:n.陆军上校channel:n.海峡；途径；频道contrary和countrycontrary:adj.反对的，违反的，相反的；逆向的，相反地country:n.国家contrast和contract

51contrast:n&v.对比，对照contract:n.合同，契约v.收缩3.Metalsexpandwhentheyareheatedandwhencooled.A)contrastB)©ntraryC)countryD)contractconscious和conscientiousconscious:adj.意识到的，自觉的；神智清醒的；有意的，存心的conscientious:adj.认真负责的,真心实意的，凭良心的，尽责的constitute和substituteconstitute:组成substitute:n.代理人；代用品Ddeprive和derivedeprive(depriveof):v.剥夺，夺去derivev.起源4.Theprisonerhasbeen_ofmanyprivilegesthataveragecitizensenjoy.A)informedB)deprivedC)derivedD)convinceddescend,descent和descendantdescend:v.下来,下降,低下去descent:n.降下，世系，血统descendant:n.后裔5.Onturningthecorner,wesawtheroadsteeply.A)departingB)descendingC)decreasingD)depressingdiversion,diversify和diversediversion:n.装换，换向，变更，改道；消遣，娱乐diversify:v.使多样化，使不同diverse:a.不同的，变化的，各种的dispose,expose,compose和supposeexpose:v.使暴露，使暴光；使接触，使遭受(exposuren.暴露，揭露，暴光)dispose:v.处理，处置，部署compose:v.组成，写作，使安定，调解propose:v.计划，建议，向提议suppose:v.推想，假设，猜想digest,disgust和digitdigest:v.消化，吸收disgust:v.化装digit:n.阿拉伯数字doctorate和decorate

52doctorate:n.博士学位decorate:v.装饰dedicate,delicate和dictatededicate:v.奉献，贡献(〜to)delicate:adj.柔软的，细嫩的,精细的dictate:v.大声读，口授devil,evil和civildevil:n.恶魔,魔鬼evil:adj.邪恶的,有害的civil:adj.公民的device和devisedevice:n.计划，策略；装置devise:vt.想出,发明,设计define,fine,refine和confinedefine:v.下定义fine:adj.(天气)好的，晴朗的refine:v.使精炼,使纯净confine:v.限制deduce,reduce和seducededuce:vt.推想，推理reduce:v.减少seduce:vt.引诱deficient,sufficient,efficient和proficientdeficient没有足够的，缺乏的sufficient充足的efficient有能力的，能胜任的proficient熟练的，精通的Eease,cease,crease,increase和decreaseease:v.使舒适(安心)cease:v.停止，中止crease:n.皱痕，皱褶increase:v.增加decrease:v.减少，降低exploit和exploreexploit:开拓，开发，开采，录IJ削，使用explore:v.探险，探测，探究

5313.Bymovingtheradarbeamaroundslowlyincircles,wecanthesurroundings.A)exploreB)exposeC)exploitD)expandeconomics,economy,economical和economiceconomics:n.经济学economy:n.经济，经济体系economical:adj.节省的economic:adj.经济的14.1.lthoughnotaneconomisthimself,Dr.Smithhaslongbeenaseverecriticofthegovernment'spolicies.A)economicalB)eonomyC)economicD)economicsimmigrant和emigrantimmigrant:n.移民，移居另外一国者emigrant:n.自本国移居他国者era,erase和eraserera:n.时代erase:v.擦掉eraser:n.橡皮擦Ffix:v.修理prefix:n.前缀suffix:n.后缀famine和femininefamine:n.饥荒feminine:adj.妇女的，象妇女的frugal和fragilefrugal:adj.节俭的,节省的fragile:adj.易受伤害的，易碎的Ggrip,gripe和grapegrip”.紧紧抓住，用力握住；吸引，吸住，引起gripe:v.抱怨，发牢骚，诉苦，挑毛病grape:葡萄，葡萄树Hhostile和hostilityhostile:adj.敌方的，有敌意的，不友好的hostility:n.敌意(hostile的名词)hospital和hospitalityhospital:n.医院

54hospitality:n.好客15.Thebetweenthetwopartiesnowisopen.A)hospitalB)hojpitalityC)hostileD)hostilityIinterpret和interruptinterpret:v.口译interrupt:v.打断,中断,打扰inthemostpart,inpart,ingoodpart和forthemostpartInthemostpart:在大部分地区inpart:有几分，一部分ingoodpart:很有几分forthemostpart:在很大程度匕大部分时间16.SummersinthesouthofFrancearedryandsunny.A)inthemostpartB)inpartC)ingoodpartD)forthemostpartintelligent,intelligence和intellectualintelligent:adj.聪明的intelligence:n.智力,才智；思维和推理能力intellectual:adj.智力的17.Designinghousesisanjob,butGeorgecaneasilymakeit.A)intelligent;intelligenceB)intelligent;intelligentC)intellectual;intelligentD)intelligent;intellectualLliterally,literary和literarilyliterally:adv.照字面意义，逐字地literary:adj.文学上的literarily:adv.文学上地，学术上地18.Somepeoplethingthatatranslation,orword-for-wordtranslationiseasierthanafreetranslation.A)literalB)IteraryC)IberalD)InearMmachine,machinery,mechanic和mechanicalmachine:机器machinery:机器(总称)mechanic:n机械工mechanical:机械的19.1'mgoingtocallatorepairmycarthisafternoon.A)machineB)machineryC)mechanicD)mechanical

55mold,mode和moodmold:n.真菌，毒菌，模子，铸模，模型V.用模子制造，浇铸，塑造；使……形成，把……塑造成mode:n,方式，模式，样式，时尚mood:n.心情，情绪，语气，状态Ooptical,optic和optionaloptical:adj.视觉的，帮助视力的(opticalinstrument光学仪器)optic:adj.眼睛的，视觉的optional:adj可任意选择的，非强制的Pprecise,precious和precisprecise:a.精确的，准确的相关词语：precisionn.精确，精密preciselyadv.精确地，准确地precious:a.宝贵的，贵重的preciously:adv.昂贵地，仔细地，过分讲究地precis:n.摘要,概要20.Oneofhiseyeswasinjuredinanaccident,butaftera_operation,hequicklyrecoveredhissight.A)preciousB)considerateC)pieciseD)sensitiveprecious和previousprecious:adj珍贵的previous:adj先前的prevision和provisionprevision:n.预知，预见provision:n,准备，防备，供应prescribe和describeprescribe:v.开处方；命令，规定(prescriptionn.指示，规定；处方)describev.描述(descriptionn.描述)prescript和scriptprescript:n.命令，规定scriptn.手稿，剧本，原本receipt和recipereceiptn.收条，收据，收到recipen.烹饪法，食谱，配方，制法，秘方，秘诀

56proof和proveproof:n.证明，证据；校样a.有耐力的，防……的，耐……的prove:v.证明Rrespect,respectant,respective,respectable和respectingrespect:v.&n.尊敬,尊重，恭维n.方面respectant:adj.向后看的respective:adj.各自的respectable:adj.受人尊敬的respecting:adj.关于21.Nooneimaginethattheapparentlybusinessmanwasreallyacreminal.A)respectantB)espectiveC)respectableD)respectingrise,arise和raiserise:vi.上升arise:vi.HWraise:vt.增加,抬起22.Manydifficultieshaveasaresultofthechangeovertoanewtypeoffuel.A)risenB)aiisenC)raisedD)arisedSserveobservedeservereservepreserveconserveserve:v.服务observe:v.观察deserve:v.应该得到，值得reserve:v.储备，准备，保留；预定preserve:v.保护，防护conserve:v.保存，保全sure,assure,ensure和insuresure:adj.有把握的，确定的reassure：祛除对之疑虑，使安心(reassurancen.安心；reassurancinga.安慰的，令人安心的)assure:n.断然地说，有信心地说；相信，使确信；获得，保证(自信，把握，胸有成竹,承诺，担保，保证；保险，life-assurance人寿保险；信心，确信)reassure和assure都表示一种口头的承诺或保证ensure:v.确定，使确定，保证，往往表示通过某些实际措施或途径保证某事•定按照某种计划或要求进行。insure:v.保险，投保(insurance保险，保险业；保险费，保险金额)

57scratch和screechscratch:v.抓,搔痒；划刻，刮,刮擦n.抓，搔，擦screech:n.尖叫声，急刹车声v.尖声讲或喊scrape和scrapscrape:n.&v.刮,擦痕scrap:vt.扔弃，敲碎，拆毁21.Hehishead,wonderinghowtosolvetheproblem.A)scrappedB)jcrewedC)scrapedD)sratchedsensible,sensitive,sensory和sensationalsensible:明智的，合情理的sensitive:敏感的sensory:感官的，知觉的sensational:耸人听闻的24.1thinkthethingtodoisphonebeforeyougoandaskfordirections.A)sensibleB)snsitiveC)sensoryD)snsationalsign,significant,signature和significancesign:n.迹象significant:adj意义重大的；意味深长的；有相当数量的signature:n.签名significance:n,意义,含义,重要性25.Thenewdiscoveryofoilisofgreattothecountry'seconomy.A)signatureB)sgnificantC)sgnificanceD)dgnstuff,stuffy,stuffing和staffstuff:n.材料，原料，物质，东西v.填塞，填充，塞满；使……饱食，让……吃饱stuffy:adj.闷热的，不通风的stuffing:n.填料staff:n.全体职工，全体职员v.为配备人员strain,stainrestrainstrain:v.过度使用，极度疲劳stain:n.误点restrain:v.限制，抑制26.1twillyoureyestoreadinthedimlight.A)trainB)strainC)stainD)restain

58supplement,complement和complimentsupplement:n.补充(物),增补(物),增刊,副刊v.增补或补充complement:v.&n.补充，补足compliment:v.&n.称颂，褒奖，恭维summonup和sumupsummonup:鼓起勇气sumup:概括，总结27.Thechairpersonfindsitdifficulttoaftersuchawiderangingdiscussion.A)sumupB)summonupC)sumintoD)amounttoTtend,extend,intend和contendtend:v.照管，照理；倾向extend:e伸展,扩大intend:v.打算contend:v.奋斗，竞争transition,transmission,transformation和transfertransition:n.转变，转换，过渡transmission:传送，转播transformation:n.变化，转变transfer:v.&n.转移，调动28.ThereismuchIenjoyaboutthechangingseasons,butmyfavoritetimeisthefromfalltowinter.A)tansmissionB)tansformationC)transitionD)transferaccountfor占,对…作Hl满意的解释e.g.ImportsfromJapanaccountedfor40%ofthetotal.e.g.Howdoyouaccountforthemissingmoney.accuse…of指控e.g.He'saccusedofmurderadaptto适应e.g.Thegoodthingaboutchildrenisthattheyadaptveryeasilytoanewenvironment.addto增加e.g.Thebadweatheronlyaddedtoourdifficultiesadjustto习惯于e.g.AdjustingtotheheatinAfricawasmoredifficultthantheyhadexpected,anythingbut根本不

59e.g.Thebridgeisanythingbutsafe.appeal•••to对…有吸引力e.g.Ithinkwhatappealstomeabouthispaintingisthecolorsheuses,arisefrom因某事而产生，造成e.g.Arethereanymattersarisingfromthelastmeetingasfaras…isconcerned就，•,而言e.g.Asfarassmallfirmsareconcernedtheriseininterestrateswillbedisastrous.asfor至于，关于e.g.Nickcanstay,butasforyou,youcangetoutofmysight,asregards关于，提到e.g.Asregardsenvironmentalissues,thegovernmentwillenforceexistingregulations.askfor要求得到e.g.It，sthenicestpresentI'veeverhadIcouldn，taskforabetterone.atallcosts不惜一切代价地e.g.Wemustavoidascandal(丑彳亍，丑闻)atallcosts.atfirstsight乍一看，初看起来e.g.Wefellinlovewiththecottageatfirstsight.athand在手边,在附近e.g.Thegreatdayhandwasalmostathand.美好的——天临近了atnotime从不，决不e.g.AtnotimedidItellyouthatyoucouldusemycar.atonetime曾经，一度；同时e.g.Thisusedtobeaveryprettyvalleyatonetime.atthemercyof任凭...摆布e.g.Theywilllostatsea,atthemercyofwindandweather.attachto系于，固定于e.g.Iattachedaphototomyapplicationform(申请表).attachimportanceto重视e.g.Peopleattachtoomuchimportancetoeconomicforecast,attributeto归因于e.g.Thefallinthenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseaseisgenerallyattributedtoimprovementsindiet.backdown退缩，食言e.g.Eventhosewhoseemedtohavegoodreasontocriticizehavebackeddown,backup支持e.g.Herviewsarebackedupbythenewscientificdiscovery.beassociated\\厅坨与・••有关e.gIwouldn'twanttobeassociatedwithMike'sprojectbebornwith天生・••e.g.Hewasbornwithatalentfordrawingbeconfrontedwith面对e.g.WhenIwasconfrontedwiththeTVcamera,Ibecameverynervous.beentitledto(do)sth有权做某事或有某物e.g.Ifyoufailthreetimes,youarenotentitledtotryanymorebefedup(with)对…厌烦、不高兴e.g.Iamfedupwithreadinghowwomenshoulddresstopleaseme.berelatedto与…有关

60e.g.Hisheartattackcouldberelatedtothecarcrashlastyear.besupposedto应该e.g.WeJrenotsupposedtosmokeherebeupto（是某人的）责任，职责e.g.It'suptoustohelpthoseinneed.bear…inmind记得，记住e.g.Ithinkthat'sexcellentadvicetobearinmindbreakfor（忽然）跑向，冲向e.g.Teddybrokefortheexitbutwascaught.breakout爆发，突然发生breakup解散，散去e.g.Themeetingbrokeupingreatconfusionbreakup分散，分开e.g.HemayhavebrokenupwithPat,buthe'salwaystalkingabouther.bringin提出,引进e.g.Congress（议会）broughtinreformstopreventabuseofpresidentialpower,bringon引起，使发生e.g.Thecrisisbroughtonafull-scale（全面的）war.bringup抚养，养育e.g.Helefthertobringupthreeyoungchildrenonherown.byfar最,・・・得多e.g.Thegrasssnakeisbyfarthemostcommonsnake.byvirtueof借助，由于e.g.ShebecameaBritishcitizenbyvirtueofhermarriage.callfor需要e.g.Yourplanwillcallfroalotofmoneycallon短暂（拜访）e.g.Whydon，tyoucallonmysisterwhenyou*reinLondon.catchon懂得,理解e.g.Iamafraiditwillbealongtimebeforethenewcomercatchesontothenewsystem.comeacross遇见，碰he.g.IcameacrossaletterformBruneltheotherday.comealong偶然出现，产生e.g.Ihaven'tgotanotherjob;Iwillwaittillsomethingcomealong.cometolife苏醒e.g.Thesoldiercametolifecomeup发生，升起e.g.Letmeknowifanythinginterestingcomesup.e.g.Itwillbesogreatwatchingthesuncomeup.comeupwith想出e.g.Shecameupwithanewideaforincreasingsales.

61compare…to…把…比作e.g.Shakespearecomparedtheworldtoastage.conformto遵守e.g.Youmustconformtotherulesorleavetheschool.consistof由…组成e.g.UniversityexaminationsareheldinMayorJuneandconsistofonthree-hourwrittenpaper.cutbackon减少e.g.Manyschoolsarecuttingbackonstaffatthemoment.cutoff割去e.g.Hecutoffasmallpieceofbreadandgaveittome.depriveof录夺e.g.Alotofthesechildrenhavebeendeprivedofanormalhome1ife.derivefrom从…获得e.g.Shederivesgreatsatisfactionfromhercoincollectiondevote…to…为…奉献e.g.Hehasdevotedhiswholelifetobenefitingmankind.disposeof丢掉，处理e.g.Shedecidedtodisposeofsomeofherbooksandpictures.do…good对…有利e.g.Thegovernmentcoulddoalotofgoodbysendingaidtotheareadressup穿上盛装e.g.It'sasmallinformalparty-youdon，thavetodressup.dropout中途退学；辍学e.g.Alotofmedicalstudentsdropoutafterthefirstyear,dueto由于，因为e.g.Thecompanyzsproblemsareduetoamixtureofbadluckandpoormanagement.sendup最后e.g.He'llendupinprisonifhe'snotcareful.engagein从事，参与e.g.Ifyouengageinlocalpolitics,youcannotexpecttohavemuchtimeforyourfamilyenterinto参加,开始从事e.g.Wehaveenteredintoacorrespondencewiththecompany我们与那个公司达成了一致evenif/though即使，虽然e.g.Charliezsgoingtohaveproblemsfindingajobevenifshegetsheralevels,exposesb/sthto使…暴露在e.g.Awisemotherneverexposesherchildrentotheslightestpossibilityofdanger.夕figureout算出,想出

62e.g.Farmersarestilltryingtofigureoutthereasonsbehindthesepleasantsurprise.figureout弄明白e.g.Haveyoufiguredoutwhat'swrongwithyourcar.fillout填（表）e.g.Hewasgettingtiredoffillingoutapplicationforms.foolsbintodoing欺骗某人做e.g.Timwasfooledintobelievingthathe'dwonalotofmoney.forthesakeof为了，为了...的利益e.g.Hemovedtotheseasideforthesakeofhishealth.forthetimebeing暂时,眼下夕getby（勉强）过活，过得去e.g.Wedon'thaveverymuchmoney,butwe'11getby.getover克服e.g.You，11soongetoveryourshyness.givebirthto引起,产生e.g.ThediscoveryofgoldintheWestgavebirthtothesettlementofCalifornia,giveout用尽，精疲力竭e.g.oneofhislungsgaveoutentirelygiveout泄露,使…知道e.g.Hewouldn，tgiveoutanyinformation.goagainst反对，违背e.g.Don，tgoagainstyourparents'willgoalongwith赞同，支持e.g.Theywerequitehappytogoalongwithoursuggestion.gounder（商店）倒闭，垮掉e.g.Unlessthecompanyyssalesimprovesoon,itwillgounder.今hand...over把…交给e.g.Thehandedtheirweaponsovertothepolice.hangonto紧抓…e.g.Hangontotherailoryou*11fall.headfor向…行进e.g.Onceinsidetheshopthechildrenheadedstraightforthecomputergames,headup负责(政府，机构等)e.g.Hewaschosentoheaduptheteaminvestigatingthesituation.holdonto抓住…不放e.g.IthinkI'llholdontotherecords,butyoucanhavethetapes.holdsbback阻碍,阻止某人e.g.Youshouldn，tletotherpeople，sopinionsholdyouback.

63holdup阻碍，延迟e.g.Thewholethingwasheldupabouthalfanhour.holdup支撑，支持e.g.Hisdisguiseheldupforseveralyears,butitwasfinallypenetrated.夕inadvance预先，事先e.g.Ishouldwarnyouinadvancewemaybedelayed.inasense从某种意义上说e.g.Inasense,Ithinkhelikesbeingresponsibleforeverything.inaword简言之，总之e.g.Didyouenjoythefilm?Inaword-no.inbrief简单地说incaseof假如，防备e.g.Incaseoffire,breaktheglass.indetail详细地infavorof支持，赞成e.g.Plansforatunnelwererejectedinfavorofthebridgebecauseoftheincreasedcosts.inhonourof为庆祝，为纪念e.g.amemorialinhonourofthosewhodiedforthecountry.innoway决不inparticular特别，尤其inquestion正在谈论的e.g.Thegoodsinquestionhadbeenstolen.inspiteof尽管insiston坚持或坚决要求e.g.Iinsistonyourtakingimmediateactiontoputthisright.in(the)lightof鉴于，由于e.g.Inthelightofthetragicnewsaboutourchairman,wehavecanceledthe4thofJulycelebrations.invain徒劳，白费力e.g.ItriedinvaintogetSuetocomewithus.involve…in使某人参与e.g.Don'tinvolvemeinsolvingyourproblems.大keep…up使…无法入睡e.g.Idohopewe'renotkeepingyouup.

64leavealone不管，别惹e.g.Heisbusy,we'dbetterleavehimalone.leaveoff停止e.g.Letstartagainfromwhereweleftoffletalone更别提e.g.Thebabycan，tevenwalk,letalonerun.letgo放松，松开e.g.Letgo!Youarehurtingmeletgoof松手e.g.Shewouldn,tletgooftherope.leton泄露秘密e.g.Don'tletonthatItoldyouliein在于e.g.theveryessenceofjusticeliesintherightofeverymantoafairtrial,lookalone翻阅e.g.Wouldyoumindlookingovermyexercise?lookbackon记起,回忆起e.g.Ilookbackonthosedaysasthehappiestofmylife.lookon旁观，观看e.g.Onlyonemantriedtohelpus;therestjustlookedoninsilencelookon…as认为…作为…e.g.Alotofpeoplelookedonhimasanauthoritylookthrough快速检查、阅读e.g.lookthroughyournotesbeforetheexaminationlooktosbforsth指望，仰仗e.g.Welooktoyouforsupport.lookupto尊敬e.g.youareapopulargirl,Grace,andalotoftheyoungeroneslookuptoyou.makeapointofdoingsth坚持，一定要e.g.Shemakesapointofkeepingallhershoppingreceipts（4攵据）.makefor导致e.g.Carefuldrivingmakesforfeweraccident.makeitto及时赶到e.g.Ijustmadeittotheairportbeforetheplaneleft.makethelightof不把…当回事e.g.Healwaysmadelightofhistroubles.makethemostof充分利用e.g.Youshouldbeoutsidemakingthemostofthesunshine.make,••of理解，解释e.g.Wejustcouldn，tmakeanythingofhisoddbehaviorattheparty.

65nomorethan至多,I司・・・一样不e.g.HeisnomorefittobepriestthanIam!（他和我一样不适合作牧师。）noneotherthan不是别的，正是e.g.Thewinnerof'journalistoftheyear，wasnoneotherthantheeditor'sdaughter.（年度最佳记者的获胜都正是那个编辑的女儿。）0onaccountof由于e.g.Hecan，trunveryfastonaccountofhisasthma（气喘病）onbehalfof代表e.g.Thepresidentcan'tbeheretoday,soPmgoingtospeakinhisbehalf,onconditionthat如果e.g.RonlentmethemoneyonconditionthatIpayitbacknextmonth.onhand在场,在手边e.g.Thenursewillonhandifyouneedher.openup展示，揭示e.g.Thisresearchopensupthepossibilityofbeingabletofindacureforthedisease.onthepointof即将...的时刻e.g.Iwasonthepointofleavingwhenthephonerang.onthespot在场；马上e.g.Thepolicecouldgiveyouanonthespotfine.（警察可能立刻处罚你）otherthan非；除了e.g.Youshouldgetalittlestiffnessbutotherthanthatthereshouldbenosideeffects.outofbreath喘不过气来outofpractice久不练习，荒疏outofthequestion不可能的，不被允许的。e.g.Youcan，tgototheweddinginthatoldshirtitisquietoutofthequestion.pparticipatein参与e.g.Overhalfthepopulationofthiscountryparticipateinsports.passalong传递，转交e.g.Pleasepassthepicturealongtothestudent.persuadesbof使…相信e.g.HowcanIpersuadeyouofmysincerity（真诚）.pickout选出e.g.It'simpossibletopickoutanysinglepaintingformorepraisethantheothers.pickupa.学会（不经意地）e.g.WheredidyouupEnglishb.拿起e.g.Ifyouneedadviceyouhaveonlytopickupthephone.pointup强调e.g.Inhisspeechhepointuptheimportanceoftherelationshipbetweenthetwocountries.priorto在・・・之前

66e.g.Allthearrangementshouldbecompletedpriortoyourdeparture（离开）.putdown镇压，取缔，写下e.g.Policeusedteargasdowntheriot.puton播放（音乐）e.g.DoyoumindifIputsomemusicon?putouta.发布（消息，新闻）e.g.TheFrenchnewsagencyputoutastatementformtheTradeMinister.b.把…熄灭e.g.Wouldyoupleaseputoutthecandle.putup展示，e.g.Thenamesofthesuccessfulcandidateswillbeputuponthecollegenoticeboardrangefrom,,,to从…到变化e.g.Thequalityoffoodrangesformgoodtoexcellentreachout伸手（拿）e.g.Thechildreachedoutandpickedupthekitten（小猫）.reduce…to使...简化成e.g.Ireducedtheproblemtoafewsimplequestion.reduce…to使某人陷入…，概况e.g.Lazinesshasreducedhimtoabeggar.Thereportcanbereducedtothreemainpoints.regardlessof不顾,不惜e.g.Allourproposalswererejectedregardlessofthemerits.referto…as把…称作e.g.SheoftenreferstoMr.Smithas"theboss”.remindof使…想起e.g.rveforgottenhisname-willyouremindmeofitresortto求助于，诉诸于e.g.WhenpoliterequestsfailedPaulresortedtothreats.restwith取决于e.g.Whetherthetalksaresuccessfulornotrestswithasmallnumberofmen.resultin导致e.g.Environmentalpollutionisresultingintheforestsdyingruninto陷入，达到e.g.Thegovernment，splanshaverunintostrongpositionformcivilrightgroups,runout用光，用完e.g.Weknewwemightrunoutofmoneybeforetheendoftheholiday.runover在…上跑过，辗过e.g.Wealmostranoverafoxthatwascrossingtheroad.runthrough四处奔跑，奔忙e.g.Noonenoticedwehadbeenrunaroundemptyingbins（垃圾箱）andcleaningup.

67sofar迄今为止e.g.Youcanonlytrusthimsofar.seesboff送行e.g.Ithinktheyhavegonetotheairporttoseetheirdaughteroff.seetoitthat确保e.g.CatherinesawtoitthattheinformationwentdirectlytoWalter,sendsboff道别e.g.Allthepeopleinthebuildingscametosendmeoff.setaside节省，保留e.g.Trytosetasideatleastanhoureachdayforlearningnewvocabulary,setfoot去e.g.Herefusestosetfootinanartgallery.setoff激发，导致e.g.ReportsthatadoctorhaddiedfromAIDSsetoffapanicamonghisformerpatients.settledown习惯…，安定下来e.g.Iamsurethechildwillsettledowninhisnewschool.showup出现e.g.Thedustontheshelfshowsupinthesunlight.slipinto渐渐进入e.g.Itamazedhimhoweasilyonecouldslipintoaroutine.spellout清楚地说明，详细地解释e.g.Myinstructionsseemsimpleenough-doIhavetospellthemoutagain?standby坚持，遵守e.g.IstandbywhatIsaidearlier.standupfor支持，维护，保卫e.g.Don,tbeafraidtostandupforyourrights.standupto勇敢地面对e.g.Whydon'tyoustanduptoyourbossifyouknowyouareright.stemfrom起源于e.g.Herinterestinflowersstemsfromherchildhoodinthecountrystickto坚持，粘住e.g.Ihatedpracticing,butIstucktoitandnowIcanplayprettywellstrivefor争取,努力得到e.g.Thehistoryofrailwaytransporthaspartlybeenahistoryofstrivingforgreaterefficiency.subjectto使承受，使遭受e.g.Hesubjectedustoaverydifficulttest.7takeashortcut抄近路e.g.Caroldecidedtotakeashortcuthome.takeadvantageof利用e.g.Takeadvantageofthisweek，slowerprices,takeona.承担e.g.he'stakingontoomuchwork.Helooksawfulb.呈现，出现e.g.Theseinsectscantakeonthecoloroftheirsurroundings.

68takeover接管，接手e.g.Whodoyouthinkwilltakeovernowthatthegovernorhasbeendismissed,takestepstodosth采取步骤做e.g.Thegovernmentistakingstepstocontroltherisingcrimeratetake...intoconsideration考虑某事物e.g.Takingeverythingintoconsideration,theyoughttobegivenanotherchance,takeintoaccount考虑，注意e.g.Hisexamresultswerenotverygood,butwemusttakeintoaccounthislongillness.take…in接纳，吸收e.g.Thenewtowntakesinthreeformervillages.takeup占用（时间，空间）e.g.Writingthepapertookupmostoftheweekend.tearup撕毁e.g.Jackgotmadandtorethepapersupandthrewthemaway.tendto倾向于e.g.Wetenttogetcoldwintersandwarm,drysummersinthispartofthecountry,thanksto由于,多亏e.g.ThankstothewarmAutumn,ourfuelbillshavebeenverylow.tothepoint切中要害，切题e.g.Themessagewasshortandtothepoint.turnout结果是，证明是e.g.Tooursurprisethestrangerturnedouttobeanoldfriendofmymother，s.turnto求助于，借助于e.g.Herfamilylivedalongwayaway,andshehadnoonetoturnto.turn…out把…赶出去e.g.Hewasturnedoutofthehotelbecausehewaspennilessturn…up（失去后）被发现或找到e.g.Icouldn，tfindmywatchforages,butthenonedayitturnedupinacoatpocket.useup用光，用完e.g.Theyhaveuseduptheirmoney.whatif做…怎样e.g.Whatifwegoandseeafilmtomorrownight?wearout耗尽e.g.Thepastfewdayshadreallywornhimoutwithregardto关于，至于e.g.Withregardtofutureoilsupplies,thesituationisuncertain,workout设计出

69e.g.Thegeneralworkedoutanewplanofattack.（2）句型1.asso;as...is...to...,sois...to...;asmuch...as;...anymorethan...“as…,so…”这一结构表示“正像……一样……，……也”。e.g.Asyoulikemusic,soIlikepoetry.（正像你喜欢音乐一样，我也喜欢诗歌。）aas...is...to...,sois...to...这一结构表示”对于，如同对于二e.g.Aswateristofish,soisairtoman.（水对于鱼，如同空气对于人一样。）“asmuch…as”这一结构表示“跟……到同一程度”。e.g.Itisasmuchourresponsibilityasyours.（这是你们的责任，同样也是我们的责任。）“否定形式的主句+anymorethan+肯定形式的从句”这一结构表示“正如……不（从句否定意思）也不（主句否定意思）e.g.Mancannotlivewithoutfoodanymorethanplantscangrowwithoutsunshine.（正如植物没有阳光不能生长一样，人没有食物不能生存。）2.as...as...,not®/as...as...比较状语从句as…as…，或它的否定形式notso/as…as…应连接两个结构相同的成分；在此结构中，第一个as是副词，而第个as是连词，当第二个as作为连词引导比较状语从句时，若从句的主语为名词，从句应用倒装结构。e.g.Readingathomeisnotsointerestingasplayingoutside.e.g.Theatmosphereisasmuchapartoftheearthasareitssoilsandwaterofitslakes,riversandoceans.3.as,which,butas,which,but都可以作关系代词，引出定语从句。三者的区别在于：as作关系代词时，除了在限制性定语从句中构成thesame...as,such...as,so...as等固定搭配外，as还可以单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，用来代表前面的整个句子，相当于which,只不过which不可以放在句子的开头，而as的位置相灵活，可以放在句子开头或句子当中；but作关系代时,同具有否定意义的主句连用，其先行词是人或物，在意义上but=who/that/which...not...。e.g.Asisreported,aforeigndelegationwillvisitthecity.e.g.Thereisnomanbuthashisfaults.=Thereisnomanwhodosenothavehisfaults.4.as,while,although,though连词as,while,although,though均可作“虽然”解,引导让步状语从句,其主要区别在于:while和although不可倒装；though可以倒装也可不倒装；as必须倒装，否则as就不作“虽然”解，引导的从句就不是让步状语从句。as引导的倒装结构常为“形容词/副词/动词/名词（不带冠词）+as+主语+谓语:e.g.Tryashemight,hecouldn'tachievesatisfactoryresults.e.g.Childassheis,sheknowsalotaboutmathematics,e.g.Unlikelyasitsounds,whatIamtellingyouistrue.5.asif7asthough,wishasif/asthough引导的方式状语从句中，若所述情况与实际情况相反，则用虚拟语气，虚拟语气的形式为：与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时或couldhavedone；

70与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用一般过去时；与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用would/couki/might/should+动词原形。以上规则还适用于"wish+宾语从句”这一结构。e.g.Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.e.g.Iwishitwouldstoprainingtonight.1.aswellas,assoonas,as/solongas,asfarasaswellas表示"以及,除之外（还）"；assoonas表示”一就"；as/solongas表示“只要”；as/sofaras表示“就……看来，就……说来二e.g.Assoonasheclosedhiseyes,thetelephonerang.e.g.Hikingisagoodexerciseaswellasafun.e.g.AsfarasIamconcerned,Ilikethisbook.2....+aswellas/togetherwith/inadditionto...“单数名词+aswellas/togetherwith/inadditionto/alongwith/ratherthan/accompaniedby/combinedwith/insteadof等+名词”作主语时，谓语动词仍然用单数。e.g.Theemployer,aswellasemployees,isresponsiblefortheaccident.3.butfor,butthatbutfor=ifitwerenotfor或ifithadnotbeenfor；butthat=butforthefactthat...。butfor后面接名词，butthat后面接从句，二者均表示“要不是”“要是没有”。含有butfor结构的句子或含有butthat的主句要用虚拟语气。e.g.Butfortourhelp,weshouldhavestarvedtodeath.e.g.ButthatIsawit,Icouldnothavebelievedit.4.bythetime,bytheendofbythetime+时间状语从句，表示“到某个时间为止”,其后面表示时间的从句在时态上与when引导的从句相同，要用一般现在时来代替将来时，但主句中谓语动词常用将来完成时。用将来完成时常伴有的时间状语还有：by+将来时间，bytheendof+将来时间。e.g.Bytheendofnextmonth,theywillhavefinishedthework.e.g.Bythetimeyougetthere,theshopwillhaveclosedalready.5.canbut+do,cannotbut+do,cannothelpbut+do,cannothelp+doing英语中有些结构只能接动词原形，这些结构有：canbut+do（只得），cannotbut+do（不得不），cannothelpbut+do（只得）,cannotchoosebutdo（只得），donothingbutdo（只得）。但要注意区别cannothelp+doing,表示“禁不住”。e.g.Icouldn'thelpbutadmirehiscourage.e.g.Hecan'thelplaughing.6.consider+it+adi./n./pron.+todosth.在“consider+it+宾补+todosth.”这一结构中，it为形式宾语，不定式短语为真实宾语。宾语与宾补在逻辑上是主表关系，可用于这一句型的动词有：find,feel,make,have,consider等。e.g.Hefounditnecessarytokeepsilentaboutthis.7.consideringthat/seeingthat/nowthat/inthat+原因状语从句

71consideringthat,seeingthat,nowthat,inthat均为连词,表示"鉴于”“原因是”,用来引导原因状语从句。但要注意considering（鉴于,就而论）,concerning（关于）,regarding（关于，就……而论）,notwithstanding（虽然，尽管）等均为介词。e.g.Consideringthathewillnotaccepttheoffer,Ihavetofindsomeoneelse.1.desiretodosth.有些动词只能接不定式作宾语，不定式的否定表达为：nottodoo常接不定式作宾语的动词有：afford,agree,attempt,ask,beg,decide,determine,desire,demand,fail,try,offer,continue,commence,expect,happen,hesitate,propose,promise,prefer,want,proceed,resolve,intend,neglect,omit,refuse,decline,tend,threaten,undertake等。e.g.Almosteveryonefailstopassthedriver'stestonthefirstday.2.donothingbut+do,havenoaltemative/choicebut+tododonothingbut,havenoalternative/choicebut都表示“只能，除了别无选择”，两者的区别在于：donothingbut后接do,而havenoaltemative/choicebut后接todo。e.g.Therewasnothingtheycoulddobutsitontheshorewaitingfordeath.3.either...or...并列连词的突出特点是它所连接的两部分必须在语法上对等，也就是说，它必须连接句法功能相同的对称词、词组或分句。常用的并列连词有：and,but,or,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso,not...but,both...and,aswellas（以及,除之外还）,ratherthan（…而不是）等。需要注意的是，如果ueither...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso,not...but2部勾作主语，其谓语动词要采用邻近原则。e.g.NeitherInorheistobeblamed.4.evidence/fact/idea+that...同位语从句是对与之同位的名词中心作进一步解释，能接同位语从句的常见名词有：fact,idea,news,belief,hope,evidence,opinion,problem,truth,answer,proposal,theory,decision,discovery,problem,thought等。同位语从句与定语从句的区别在于：定语从句中that代替先行词，在从句中充当主语或宾语，而在同位语从句中，that作连接词，在从句中不充当句子成分；同位语从句的先行词是一些有限的抽象名词，而定语从句的先行词则可以是任何名词。e.g.Thenewsthathehassucceededinspiredthemall.e.g.What'sthenewsthatupsethersomuch?5.eveni^thoughevenif/though引导的让步状语从句，如果表示与实际情况相反，常用虚拟语气，其形式为：与过去或将来情况相反，谓语用一般过去时；如果与过去情况相反，谓语用过去完成时。除了evenif/though外，though,nomatter...,whatever,however等引导的让步状语从句有时也用虚拟语气，但虚拟语气的形式多为动词原形。e.g.Evenifhehadbeenbusy,hewouldhavehelpedus.e.g.Thoughhefail,hewillkeepontrying.6.favor+doingsth.某些及物动词的宾语必须用动名词，而不能用不定式。属于此类用法的及物动词有：admit,advise,allow,appreciate,anticipate,delay,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,favor,forgive,

72forbid,imagine,keep,mind,miss,overlook,permit,postpone,practice,prevent,prohibit,quit,recommend,regret,resist,resent,recall,resume,risk,suggest,tolerate,understand等。e.g.Ireallyappreciateyourofferingtohelpme.1.hardly/scarcely...when/before...=nosooner...than...hardly/scarcely...when/before...=nosooner…than…这两个结构的意思为“一就”“刚就"，主句动词用过去完成时，从句动词用一般过去时'；hardly,scarcely或nosooner如位于句首,句子要倒装。e.g.HardlyhadIleftbeforethetroublestarted.2.Havingcleanedtherooms,webegantodomyhomework.分词作状语时，无论是现在分词还是过去分词，是一般式还是完成式，逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。否则，分词前必须有自己的逻辑主语，即用独立主格结构。分词作状语需注意以下几点：1)分词与其逻辑主语之间，若是主动关系用现在分词，若是被动关系用过去分词；2)若分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前则用完成式(havingdone),若分词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或者分词表示的动作是瞬间动作时则用一般式(doing)；3)过去分词(done)表示动作已完成，而现在分词被动式(beingdone)表示动作正在进行；4)独立主格结构有“名词/代词+分词”和“with+名词/代词十分词”两种；5)“while/when+分词”用来强调分词动作与谓语动作同时发生，“if/though/asif+分词”所表示的分句意义更加明确。e.g.Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.e.g.Allthingsconsidered,wehadtocallofftheplannedtrip.e.g.Theysatintheroomwiththecurtaindrawn.3.Heworkedveryhardinthecompany.Hencehispromotion.therefore,consequently,accordingly,hence这四个单词都有“因此，由此”的意思，差别在于：therefore,consequently,accordingly相当于asaresult,当它们放在句首时，后面必须用一个逗号，然后才能接它们所引导的从句。Hence放在句首时，后面可直接跟从句或短语。e.g.Thegoodswereofthebestquality.Hencetheywerewarmlywelcomedbythecustomers.4.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.在虚拟条件句中，根据时间不同可分为三种情况：与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词(过去完成时)，主句谓语动词(would/should/could/might+havedone)；与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词(过去时)，主句谓语动词(would/should/could/might+do)；与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词(过去时/weretodo/shoulddo),主句谓语动词(would/should/could/might+do)。但要注意两点：1)如主句与从句时间不一致(即错综时间虚拟条件句)，谓语动词形式则需根据动作发生的时间来调整；2）如条件句中省略连词if,则需把had,were,should提到主语前进行倒装。e.g.Haditnotbeenforthereservoir,we'dneverhavebeenabletobeatthedrought.e.g.Iftheweatherhadbeenmorefavorable,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.5.ifonly,onlyififonly（要是……就好了）也可以分开为if…only。ifonly除了引导条件状语从句外，还可以放在句首引导感叹句，ifonly引导的从句常用虚拟语气，其形式为：指现在用•般过去时；指过去用过去完成时；指将来用过去将来时。但。nlyif作“只有……才”讲，它所引导的从句用陈述语气，表示唯一的条件。e.g.Ifonlythepostmanwouldcomesoon.

73e.g.Iwillacceptyourexplanationonlyifyouwillsupportitwithevidence.1.It+appear+that...在“It+appear+that…”这一句型中，It为形式主语，that从句为真实主语。可以用于此结构的动词有：happen,look,seem,appear,occur,turnout等。e.g.ItsohappenedthatIhadmycheck-bookwithme.e.g.Itseemedthatnooneknewwhathadhappened.2.Itbe+...+before..."Itis/was/willbe+一段时间+before”这一句型，表示“经过多长时间才发生某事”但若在“Itwillbe+一段时间+before...”结构中，从句需用一般现在时表示将来。e.g.Itwillbefiveyearsbeforewemeetagain.3.Itis/hasbeen...since...since作连词时，表示“从……以来”“从……时候（到现在）由since引导的时间状语从句，谓语动词通常是非持续性动词，用一般过去时，而主句通常用现在完成时；since从句中也可以用持续性动词，这时从句中可用现在完成时表示所指状态延续至今；在“Itis/hasbeen...since..."这一句型中，主句可用一般现在时也可用现在完成时。e.g.Hehaslivedwithussincehecamebacktwoyearsago.e.g.Ihaven'thadagoodmealsinceFvebeenthere.e.g.Itis/hasbeenalongtimesincewemetlasttime.4.Itis/was...that...强调句的结构为：It+be+被强调部分+that/who/whom+其他，这一句型可以用来强调除谓语以外的任何句子成分。但要注意的是“Ilis/was+notunlil+表示时间的名词/时间状语+that…''这一结构，意思为“直到……才”，这个结构的形式是固定的，不能用除了that以外的其他引导词来引导。e.g.Itwashewho/thatisreadingthebook.e.g.Itisnotuntillastnightthatherealizedthathehadbeenwrong.5.Itis（high/about）timethat...在“Itis（high/about）timethat…”这一句型中，从句中谓语动用一般过去时表示虚拟。e.g.Itishightimethatwewenttobed.6.Itis+V-ed+that,sb./sth.Hbe+V-ed+todo在“Itis+V-ed+that”这一结构中，it为形式主语，真实主语是that引导的从句。类似结构有：Itissaidthat,Itisreportedthat,Itisrecommendedthat,Itiswellknownthat,Itisbelievedthat,Itishopedthat,Itisgenerallyconsideredthat,Itissupposedthat,Itmustbeadmittedthat.Itmustbepointedoutthat,Itwillbeseenthat等。但需注意“Itis+V-ed+that”这•结构，可变成“sb./sth.+be+V-ed+todo”。e.g.Itisreportedthatacaraccidenthasoccurrednearamarket.=Acaraccidentisreportedtohaveoccurrednearamarket.7.Itisnecessary/essential/urgent+that...在“Itis+某些形容词+that从句”这一句型中，要求that从句使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气形式为：(should)+动词原形。可用于这一结构的形容词有：necessary,importantessential,urgent,advisable,desirable,imperative,incredible,natural,insistent,preferable,crucial,vital以及desired,decided,required,requested,proposed,ordered,demanded,insisted,recommended,suggested,deserved等。

74e.g.Itisimperativethatallapplications(should)befillednolaterthanMarch.e.g.Itisdesiredthathe(should)takechargeofthedepartment.1.lest,forfearthat,incaselest,forfearthat,incase这三个连词意思是“以防”、“以免”，用来引导目的状语从句,从句一般多用虚拟语气，形式为“(should)+动词原形"。incase有时也可用陈述语气。(just)incase也可以单独使用，放在句末。e.g.Heisworkinghardforfearthathe(should)fallbehind.2.makesurethat,besurethat,makecertainthat,seetoitthat在由makesure,besure,makecertain,takecare,seetoit,Ihope,Ibet,mind,suppose和assume等动词或动词短语引导的that从句中用一般现在时表示将来。此用法还适合于表示将来概念的时间、条件、让步和方式状语从句。e.g.Iwillphonetomakesurethatthemeetingbeginsatseventhisevening.e.g.Hewillwritetomeassoonashegetsthere.3.make…understood,make…understandhave,make,get,leave,ke印等使役动词后常可以接动词原形或过去分词作其宾语补语，区别在于：如宾语是宾补的施动者，宾补用动词原形；如宾语是宾补的承受者，宾补用过去分词。e.g.Imadehimworkforme.e.g.Hecouldn'tmakehimselfunderstoodbyothers.4.morethanone...,manya...morethanone和manya均表示复数意义，但它们只能修饰单数名词，如果morethanone和manya位于句首作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数。e.g.Manyasoldierhasdiedinthatbattle.5.musthavedone,needn'thavedone“情态动词+现在完成时”这一结构的用法：may/mighthavedone用于推测过去的行为，表示过去也许做某事，或也许发生某事；can/couldhavedone用于对过去事情的推测，表示可能发生某事，或本可以作某事；musthavedone用于对过去行为的推测，表示必定发生了某事；needn'thavedone表示本不必发生某事但却已经发生；shoukl/oughttohavedone表示本应该发生某事但却没有发生，其否定式表示本不应该发生某事但却发生了。e.g.Inthosecircumstanceswecouldhavedonebetter.e.g.Theflowerisdead,Ishouldhavegivenitmorewater.6.mostof+which/whom...“名词/代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级+介词+which/whom...”常用来引导非限制性定语从句，表示部分与整体之间的关系。e.g.Thehouse,thewindowsofwhichweredamaged,hasnowbeenrepaird.

75e.g.It'safamilyoffourchildren,twoofwhomareinthearmy.1.needdoingsth.动词need,want,deserve,demand,require等接动名词作宾语表示被动意义，其中need,want,deserve,demand后作宾语的动名词也可换为不定式的一般被动式（tobedone）,但require后却不能接不定式作宾语。e.g.Yourhairneedscutting.2.nomatter...,whatever,whichever,however,whenever,wherever,whoever..."nomatter+疑问词”常相当于"疑问词+ever”,意为“不论，不管”，用来引导让步状语从句。nomatterhow/however常与形容词或副词连用；nomatterwhen/whenever,nomatterwhere/wherever引导让步状语从句，表示时间和地点；nomatterwhat/whatever,nomatterwhich/whichever常与名词连用，不仅可用来引导状语从句，而且还可以用来引导名词性从句，在句中单独充当主语或宾语；nomatterwho/whoever,nomatterwhom/whomever表示人，不仅可用来引导状语从句，而且还可以用来引导名词性从句，在句中单独充当主语或宾语。e.g.Whoevercomesintotheroommustkeepquiet.（不能用nomatterwho替换）e.g.Don'tbelievetherumour,nomatterwho/howeverrepeatsit.e.g.Shecanhardlyavoidmakingmistakesinherhomeworkhoweverhardshetries.3.noneotherthan,nootherthan,nonebut,nothingbutnoneotherthan和nootherthan意为”（不是别的）正是…"；nonebut和nothingbut意为“仅仅，只不过是"，nonebut修饰人，nothingbut修饰物。e.g.Whenhearrived,hefoundnonebuttheagedandthesickathome.4..nolessthan,less...than,noless...than，notlessthanless...than表示“与其说不如说"；nolessthan表示“多达，恰好"；noless...than表示“与一样,不比差”；notlessthan表示“不少于,至少”。e.g.Ihavewrittennolessthansixpapersthissemester.（这学期我写的论文不下六篇。）e.g.Sunlightisnolessnecessarythanfreshairtoahealthybody.C日光和新鲜空气对身体健康是同样不可缺少的。)e.g.Heislesscleverthandiligent.(与其说他聪明，不如说他勤奋。)5.no...morethan,not...morethan,nomorethan,morehan,more...thanno...morethan表示“同样不,和一样没有”,意味着前后都否定;not...morethan=noL..anymorethan表示“不比更，和不相上下”，否定前者，肯定后者；nomorethan=only表示“仅仅，只是，不超过“，在句中起形容词作用，后面常接名词或数词；morethan表示“超出/多余或非常”；more…than表示“与其说……到不如说，比……更”。e.g.Theneweditionisnotmoreexpensivethantheoldedition.(新版本不比旧版本贵。)e.g.Theyweremorethanpleasedtohelp.(他们非常乐意帮忙°)e.g.RechardisnomorecourageousthanTomis.(理查德和汤姆一样不勇敢。)e.g.Shewasmorefrightenedthanhurt.(与其说他受伤了，不如说他被吓着了。)6.notthat...,butthat....

76“notthat...,butthat..."为固定句型，意为“不是(因为)……,而是(因为)……e.g.NotthatJohndoesn'twanttohelpyou,butthatit'sbeyondhispower.1.notuntil,notonly,never在英语中，有下列几种情况句子需要进行部分倒装：1)以never,seldom,little,hardly,scarcely,neither,nor,nosooner,notonly,notuntil以及含有no的短语状语(bynomeans,innocase,undernocircumstances,innotime,onnoaccount,innoway,invain….)开头时，要用倒装语序；2)以only+状语开头时，要用倒装语序；3)so/such…that在结构中，当so/such位于句首时，要用倒装语序。在以上倒装结构中，需要注意一点，如果句子中含有主句和从句时，需要语序倒装的部分是主句。e.g.NotuntilIshoutedatthetopofmyvoice,didheturnhishead.e.g.OnlywhenIvisitedhimdidIrealizedhowlonelyhewas.e.g.Soyoungwashethatyoumustexcusehim.2.now(that)nowthat作连词,引导原因状语从句,表示“既然”“因为"，that可以省略。now(that)从句常用完成时态。如主句时态是一般现在时或一般将来时，now(that)从句多用现在完成时；如主句为一般过去时,now(that)从句多用过去完成时。此用法还适用于下列句型:This(That/It)is/wasthefirst,second,third...timethat...；This(That/It)is/wastheonly+n.+that...；This(That/It)is/wasthebest(finest,worst,mostinteresting...)+n.+that...oe.g.NowthatIhaveseenhowhelives,Iknowwhyheneedssomuchmoney.e.g.ThatisthefirsttimethatIhaveseensuchaninterestingfilm.e.g.Itwasthebestpaintingthatshehadeverseenfromoneofherstudents3..noticesb.do/doing在see,hear,watch,notice,find,observe等感官动词后面可接动词原形或动名词作宾补，区别在于：如果表示动作的整个过程，就用动词原形；如果表示动作正在进行，就用动名词。e.g.Didyounoticethelittleboytakethecandyandrunaway?e.g.Isawhimplayingfootballjustnow.4.oneof+...,theonlyoneof+...“oneof+复数名词+定语从句”这一结构中，从句中谓语动词用复数；“theonlyoneof+复数名词+定语从句”这一结构中，从句中谓语动词用单数。e.g.Thisisoneofthestudentswhowerehereyesterday.e.g.JohnistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeentoAmerica.5.onlytodosth.,so...astodosth.onlytodosth.,so...astodosth.,suchastodosth.,too…todosth.都属于不定式作结果状语。onlytodosth.表示“结果却”；so...astodosth.表示“如此以致于"；suchastodosth.表示"以致于”；too...todosth.表示“太而不能e.g.Heisn'tsostupidastodothat.e.g.Myillnessisnotsuchastocauseanxiety.e.g.Theenemytroopsrushedthereonlytobeambushed.

771.or,otherwise连词or和otherwise,意为“否则”，由它们引导的从句常用虚拟语气，相当于一个与事实相反的虚拟条件句。e.g.Marycouldn'thavereceivedmyletter;otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.2.otherthan,ratherthan,betterthan,lessthanotherthan,ratherthan,betterthan,lessthan均可以看作对等连接词，用来连接对等结构，区别在于：otherthan意为"除以外(没有)"；ratherthan意为“(是)而不是“；betterthan,lessthan则分别表示“比……好”和“比……少二e.g.Heisawriterratherthanateacher.e.g.Thereisnobodyotherthanme.3.proved(that)引导条件状语从句的从属连词，除if之外还有其他，常见的有：providing/provided(that),suppose/supposing(that),assuming/assumed(that),given(that),onconditionthat,as/solongas等。e.g.Supposingthatallthedoorsarelocked,howwillyougetintothehouse?4.regard/see...as常用于“动词+名词/代词+as+名词/形容词”这一结构的动词有：describe,imagine,accept,characterize,classify,recognize,represent,regard,take,thinkof,quote,list,use等。e.g.Hetookthisdocumentasproofofhisguilt.5.remember4-todo,remember+doing英语中有部分单词后面可以接动名词和不定式，接动名词和不定式的意义有所不同。这些单词主要是:meantodo打算干，meandoing意味着；proposetodo打算,计划，proposedoing提议，建议；can'tnothelptodo不能帮助去，can'thelpdoing情不自禁；remembertodo记住去，rememberdoing记得曾；forgettodo忘记去，forgetdoing忘记曾；regrettodo抱歉要，regretdoing后悔曾；trytodo努力去,trydoing试着;goontodo继续干另一件事，goondoing继续干；stoptodo停下来去做另一件事，stopdoing停止做。e.g.Imeantotryitagain.e.g.HerememberseeingthatAmericantwoyearsago.6.soishe,heisso如果前面提到的情况与后面的情况相似，在肯定句中就用so+倒装结构，在否定句中就用neither/nor+倒装结构，这时so,neither/nor表示“也”；如果只是对前面所述情况的一种赞同肯定，则用so+陈述句语序，这时so表示“的确”。e.g.—Johnisverybright.—Soheis.e.g.Allanimalsneedair.Sodoplants.7.sohat,so...hat,such...hatsothat=inorderthat（以便，为了）引导的是目的状语从句，但so...that=such...that（如此以致于）引导的是结果状语从句。so…that和such…ihat的区别在于：so后面需接形容词或副词，这是由so一词的副词词性决定的，但such后面需接名词或a/an+形容词+名词，这是由such一词的形容词词性决定的（ItwassuchaboringspeechthatIfeelasleep.）oe.g.Hehurthersomuchthatshewouldn'tforgivehim.e.g.Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.

78e.g.Itwassuchacolddaythattheiceintheriverwastwofeetthick.1.suggesthat,insistthat在表示建议、命令、要求、决定等意义的动词或名词后的that从句中需要用虚拟语气，其形式为：（should）+动词原形。这类词有：decide,demand,insist,instruct,move,order,propose,prefer,recommend,request,require,resolve,suggest,vote,decision,demand,instruction,insistence,motion,order,preference,proposal,recommendation,request,requirement,resolution,suggestion等。但要注意suggest和insist的用法：当suggest作“建议”“提议”时,用虚拟语气，但若作“表明”“暗示”时，用陈述语气；当"insist”作“坚决要求”“坚持”时，用虚拟语气，但若作“坚持说”时，用陈述语气。suggest的另一用法是，在其后只能接动名词，不能接不定式。e.g.Imovethatheshouldbedischargedforhisseriousmistake.e.g.Heinsistedthathewasinnocent.2.superiorto...有些形容词本身就含有比较意义，因而无比较级形式，在其后直接加to,不能加than,这些形容词为：junior,senior,superior,inferior,prior,prior,major,minorpreferable等。e.g.Mybrotheristhreeyearsjuniortome.3.Themore...,themore....“The+比较级…，the+比较级…”这一句型表示“越……越……北e.g.Thehardertheyworked,thelesstheyseemedtodo.4.Thereason...isthat...名词reason后所接定语从句可用why引导，但其后所接表语从句只能用that引导，不可用becauseoe.g.Thereasonwhyhedidnotcometothemeetingisthathewasill.5.theinstant,themoment,once,instantly,immediately,directly英语中有些名词或副词，也可充当连词引导时间状语从句。因此，theinstant,themoment,thesecond,theminute,once,instantly,immediately,directly均可作连词用,其含义和用法相当于assoonas（就）。可充当连词引导时间状语从句的名词词组还有：everytime,eachtime（每当），nexttime（下次）等。e.g.Youmayleaveimmediatelyhecomes.e.g.EverytimeIcatchacold,Ihaveapaininmyback.6.therebe+no...doing...,it'sno…doing…“therebe+no…+动名词”有两种。其中一种结构是："therebe+no+名词+（in）动名词”，表示“做某时没有必要，没有理由或没有用”，常用于这一结构的有：thereisnouse/good/need/sense/point（in）doingsth.；另一种结构是"therebe+no+动名词”表示“不可能”，相当于"itisimpossible...,常用于此结构的有：thereisnobearing/knowing/telling/accountingfor等。类似的常见典型句型还有：i/snogooddoing...,i『snousedoing...,it'slittleusedoing...,it'shardlyanyusedoing...,it'snot/hardly/scarcelyworthdoing...,it'sworthwhiledoing...,it'sawasteoftimedoing...,ifsanightmaredoing...等。e.g.Thereisnopointinapplyingforthatjobasyouarenotproperlyqualified.e.g.Thereisnodenyingthefactthatshecangetalongwithhim.e.g.Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.

791.theretobe,therebeingtheretobe和therebeing都是therebe的非谓语形式。区别在于：theretobe意为“要有”“会有”，可作下列动词（ask,expect,hate,intend,Hke,mean,prefer,want等）的宾语，还可以跟在介词for的后面构成介宾结构；therebeing意为“有……",可以在句中作状语或介词（除for外）的宾语。e.g.Itwasunusualfortheretobesofewpeopleinthestreet.e.g.Johnwasrelyingontherebeinganotheropportunity.2....times+as...as...,...timesthesizeof,...times+...+than表示倍数的常见句型有："...times+as+形容词/副词+as…表示”……是……的几倍”；“…times+名词+介词”表示“……在……方面是……的几倍”;“...times+比较级+than”表示“……比……几倍”。但要注意“两倍”表示为“twice”。e.g.Thecarrunstwiceasfastasthatone.e.g.Yourhouseisthreetimesthesizeofmine.e.g.Theroomisfivetimeslargerthanthatone.3.toone'ssurprise/disappointment"toone's+表示感情的抽象名词”意为“使……的是……常用于这一结构的名词有：surprise,disappointment,amazement,relief,delight,horror,regret等。e.g.Tohisrelief,heheardJane'svoice.（使他感到宽慰的是他听到简的声音。）4....towhich/whom...“介词+which/whom”常用来引导定语从句，但具体要用哪一个介词应该由它所修饰的先行词来定。e.g.Thisisaproblemtowhichwehavenogoodsolutionasyet.5.what=thethingthat/which,that,which连接代词what与关系代词that,which都可以引导从句，而且在从句中都可以充当句子成分，但它们的区别在于：what=thethingthat/which,即what是一个包含了先行词的关系代词（其前不需带先行词），而关系代词that和which的前面则需带有先行词。e.g.Givemewhatyouhaveinyourhand.e.g.Hekneweverythingthathappenedinthevillage.6.wouldrather/wouldsooner/hadratherCthat）***“wouldrather/wouldsooner/hadrather（that）-w表示"宁愿”“但愿”,其后所接的that从句中要用虚拟语气。虚拟语气形式为：与过去相反，从句谓语动词用过去完成时；与现在或将来相反，从句谓语动词用一般过去时。e.g.Tdratheryouhadn'tdonethat.7.wouldratherdo,hadbetterdowouldrather/wouldsooner（宁愿）,hadbetter（最好）,ratherthan/soonerthan（而不愿），mayGust）aswell（最好还是，到不如）等结构后面需要接不带to的不定式。表示“宁愿”时，还要注意prefer的用法，其用法有以下几种：prefer+名词+to名词；prefer+动名词+to+动名词；prefertodo+ratherthando。

80e.g.Wemay（just）aswellgoandhavealookbyourselves.1.wouldrather...than...wouldrather…than...是一个常见的典型的平行句结构，此结构要求平行部分在语法形式上对等。wouldrather后面接动词原形，than后面也要接动词原形。e.g.Iwouldratherwalkthantakeabus.e.g.Fdratherhavearoomofmyown,howeversmallitis,thansharearoomwithsomeoneelse.练习1.Justasthebuilderisskilledinthehandlingofhisbricks,theexperiencedwriterisskilledinthehandlingofhiswords.A.a>B.husC.»D.Ike2.ThevocabularyandgrammaticaldifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglisharesotrivialandfewashardly.A.noticedB.t）benoticedC.bangnoticedD.bnoice3.Mostelectronicdevicesofthiskind,manufacturedforsuchpurposes,aretightlypacked.A.hata:eB.③aeC.heya;eD.ts4.Ill_hewas,hekeptonworking.A.WiileB.dthoughC.6rD.覆5.IwishI_betternexttime.A.daB.cbC.vouldD.houlddo6.heworkshard,Idon'tmindwhenhefinishestheexperiment.A.AssoonasB.Asveil济C.AsfiraD.Asbng④7.Thepresidentofthecollege,togetherwiththedeans,planningaconferenceforthepurposeoflayingdowncertainregulations.A.aeB.vereC.wllD.s8.thestorm,theshipwouldhavereacheditsdestinationontime.A.But6rB.hcaseofC.hpiteofD.Becauseof9.BythetimehearrivesinLondon,weinEuropefortwoweeks.A.iialllayB.ha^eiayedC.wllhwelayedD.hweb©nlaying10.Nobodycanhelpbutbytheworldintowhichheistakenbysciencefiction.A.btefescinatedB.befescinatedC.beingfiscinatedD.fiscinate11.Hefeelshisdutytodeliverlettersandparcels.A.hatB.iC.viiatD.vhich12.Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunicationtheadvertiserpaysforthemessagetobedelivered.A.hhatB.hvhichC.inorderthatD.intheway13.Shedesiresnotforanhour.A.btedsturbedB.bbedisturbingC.dsturbD.0hwedsturbed14.ThatwassoseriousamatterthatIhadnochoicebutthepolice.A.calledhB.callinghC.callhD.b(allh15.Iwasadvisedforreservation.A.toeithertelephoneortowritethehotelB.eithertotelephoneortowritethehotelC.thatIshouldtelephoneeitherorwritethehotel

81A.Ioughteithertotelephoneortowritethehotel6.Thereasonwesaythatgasesaresomethinglikeliquidsisduetothefactthattheytakeontheshapeoftheircontainers.A.vhyB.ofwhichC.hatD.which7.Evenifhehere,hecouldn'tsolvetheproblemeither.A.vereB.hC.halb©nD.vouldbe8.Insomecountriessomepeoplefavortogethereventhoughthereismuchspace.A.t)dayB.stayC.layingD.havinglayed9.Scarcelyhadtheysettledthemselvesintheirseatsinthetheatrethecurtainwentup.A.hanB.岫enC.rfterD.蒲©ona10.thehousework,shebegantowriteherreport.A.BeingfnishedB.HavingteenfnishedC.HavingfnishedD.Whilefnished21.prettylate,wedecidedtoleaveatonce,aswedidn'twanttoriskmissingthelastbus.

82A.BeingB.IbangC.AstbangD.I\^asbang21.Havingbeenaskedtospeakattheconversation,.A.somenoteswerepreparedforDr.CasagrandeB.Dr.CasagrandepreparedsomenotesC.theconventionmemberswerepleasedtohearDr.CasagrandeD.somenoteswerepreparedbyD匚Casagrande22.Thetownwasbuiltonthesideofahill.thenameHillside.A.hereforeB.consequentlyC.accordinglyD.hence23.today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldhetaveB.WashebavingC.WeretebhaveD.Fhebaves24.Ihadmoremoney,Icouldbuysomenewclothes.A.e/ersnceB.(nlyfC.wenhoughD.fong25.Scientistssayitmaybefiveortenyearsitispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.A.anceB.beforeC.d'terD.vhen26.fouryearssinceJohnleftschool.A.TheyhazebeenB.IisC.IwasD.Thosea'e27.Itwaslateintheeveningthattheexplorerspitchedcamp.A.btforeB.vhenC.illD.notunil28.Everybodyhasarrived.Itistimewe.D.hadiartedD.IfeelsA.w)uldWaitB.halliartC.iarted29.thatmilitaryspendingisextremelyhigh.A.WefeltB.IbfeltC.Weirefelt31.Theboarddeemediturgentthatthesefilesrightaway.A.hadtobeprintedB.shouldhavebeenprintedC.mistbepintedD.由ouldbepinted32.GivemeyourtelephonenumberIneedyourhelp.A.AetherB.inlessC.johatD.fast33.IcouldnotmakeEnglish.A.nyselfundffstandhB.nyselfundffstandbyC.nyselfunderstoodhD.nyselfunderstandwth34.Morethanonepersonbeeninfectedwiththedisease.A.hweB.havingC.hasD.t)hwe35.Ihavealreadyknownaboutyou;youyourselftome.A.Wouldn'tha/ehtroducedB.needn'thwehtroducedC.vouldn'thtroducedD.mistn'thtroduce36.TheSocialSecurityRetirementProgramismadeupoftwotrustfunds,couldgopennilessbynextyear.A.hehrgerortB.hehrgerofvhichC.hehrgestoneD.hehrgestof\4iich37.Yourhairwants.You'dbetterhaveitdonetomorrow.A.aitB.0cutC.cuttingD.beingait38.Iwillgivethisdictionarytowantstohaveit.

83A.x^homeverB.jomeoneC.whoeverD.aiyone36.Theheartisintelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrain.A.not«)B.notnuchC.rmchnoreD.norare37.naive,quitestupid.B.Notonlyishe...butalsoisheD.Notonlyheis...butalsoisheA.Notonlyishe...butalsoheisC.Notonlyheis...butalsoheis38.wehaveallthematerialsready,weshouldbeginthenewtaskatonce.A.SncehatB.SncenowC.均nowD.Nowhat39.GeorgeistheonlyoneofthebrighteststudentswhofromNorkYorkUniversity.A.sgnduatedB.hwegnduatedC.ha;gaduatedD.aegnduated40.Hereturnedafterthewarbetoldthathiswifehadlefthim.A.horier0B.oilybC.butbD.41ch3041.Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhethen.A.vouldhaveb©nhereB.iiouldbehaeC.had0befereD.vouldbeho,e42.Wearetaughtthatabusinesslettershouldbewritteninaformalstyleinapersonalone.A.ntherhanB.otherhanC.betterthanD.fesshan46.Youcanarrivetrain.inBeijingearlierforthemeetingyoudon,tmindtakingthenightA.pnvided47.IrememberB.inlessC.houghabouttheaccidentinthenewspaper.D.untlA.t)tavecadB.t)eadC.eading48.Societyhaschangedandhavethepeopleinit.D.beingeadA.hardlyso49.Thechildwas_B.s)C.hadlyimmediatelyaftersupper.D.hereforeA.S)iredhatheventbbdB.tootiredtogotobedC.\erytredheventbbolD.tiredsothathewenttobed50.Peter,whohadbeendrivingallday,suggestedatthenexttown.A.stopB.0lopC.loppingD.havingstopped51.Incomputerprogramming,thismodelistoanyoftheotherswehaveinthedepartment.A.hemostaiperiorB.superiorC.uperiorheiwstD.moresuperior52.Thefasteranythingisthrownintothesky,.A.hehighergoe;iB.thehighestitgoesC.itgoesthehigher53.ThepolicemenwentintoactionD.thehigheritgoestheyheardthealarm.A.pomptlyB.hardly54.Thereisnopointtime.C.quicklyD.directlyA.towasteB.ofwasting55.Itisn'tcoldenoughforthereC.onwastingD.inwasting_afrosttonight,soIcanleaveJim'scaroutquitesafely.A.wouldbeB.bdngC.\\asD.tobe56.Stayinginahotelcostsrentingaroominadormitoryforaweek.

84A.④nuchKvice济B.moretwicethanC.济inichKviceD.twiceasmuchas57.Weneedachairman.A.forwhomeveryonehasconfidenceC.whoeveryonehasconfidenceofB.inwhomeveryonehasconfidenceD.whomeveryonehasconfidenceon58.Insomecountries,iscalled“equality“doesnotreallymeanequalrightsforallpeople..A.WiichB.vhatC.hatD.one59.rdratheryou_thoseimportantdocumentswithyou.A.don'ttakeB.diin'takeC.won'ttakeD.nottake60.HeprefeiTedtotakeatrainratherthanbyair.A.totravelB.ravelC.travelingD.travelled练习参考答案l.C2.B3.B4.D5.C6.D7.D8.A9.C10.Bll.B12.B13.A14.D15.B16.C17.A18.C19.B20C21.B22.B23DN.C25.D26.B27.B28.D29.C30.B31.D32D33.C34C五B36.B37.C38C39D40.A41.D42.C43.B44.A45.A46.A47.C48.B49.A50C51.B52.D53D54.D55.D56.D57.B58.B59.B60.B