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初级英文文法IIUnit1比较1.比较变化2.形容词的比较级3.形容词的最高级4.副词的比较级、最高级Unit2不定词(toV)不定词Unit3动名词动名词Unit4分词分词Unit5形容词形容词Unit6副词副词Unit7动词动词
1Unit1比较比较变化为了表示性质、程度等差异,形容词在字形上所做的变化,称为比较。比较分为原级、比较级、最高级。(1)规则变化变化级原级比较级最高级1.原级+er,estshortshortershortest
22.原级字尾有e+r,stnicenicernicest3.原级为短母音+子音一重复字尾+er,esthothotterhottest4.原级字尾为子音+yf去y+ier,iesteasyeasiereasiest5.两音节以上的形容词一more,most+原级beautifulmorebeautifulmostbeautiful(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级bad(坏的)ill(生病)worseworstgood(好的)well(健康)betterbestmany(指可数的)much(指不可数的)moremostlittle(少的)lessleastfhr(远的)fartherfurtherfarthest(表距离)furthest(表程度,数量,距离)late(晚的;迟的)laterlatterlatest(表时间)last(表顺序)old(老的;旧的)olderelderoldest(表年纪;新旧)eldest(表长幼)例:1.Hewashappyinhislaterli他.(他晚年很快乐。)2.AsforFrenchandGennan,thelatterismoredifficultformethanthe
3former.(就法文和德文而言,我觉得后者比前者难。)形容词的比较级(1)比较级...than...例:1.Yourarticleislongerthanmine.(你的文章比我长。)2.Maryismorebeautifulthanshe/her.(口语)(玛丽比她漂亮。)⑵the+比较级...ofthetwo...例:1.Kevinistheolderofthetwoboys.(Kevin是两位男孩中年纪较大的。)3.Jackisthemoreactiveofthetwins.(Jack是这对双胞胎中较活跃的。)⑶修饰比较级much,alot,far+比较级…得多了even+比较级一…更加alittle+比较―…一点例:1.HeismuchbusierthanL(他比我忙碌得多了。)4.Thisisalittlecheaperthanthat.(这个比那个便宜一点。)5.Thepriceofthebluepantsisfarhigherthanthatofthegreenpants.(蓝裤子的价格比绿裤子的价格高得多。)6.TheweatherinKaohsiungisfarhotterthanthatinTaipei.=TheweatherisfarhotterinKaohsiungthaninTaipei.(高雄的天气比台北的天气更加炎热。)注意:比较时,若主题相同或语意上清楚明白时,than以下部分可省略。例:Theyliveamorepleasantlifethan(theydid)before.(他们现在比以前过着更愉快的生活。)(4)比较级…to…
4junior(年幼的)、senior(年长的)、major(大的)、minor(小的)等形容词,在表示比较的对象时,不用than而用too例:SheistwoyearsolderthanI/me.=Sheisseniortomebytwoyears.(她比我大2岁。)(5)比较级的惯用表现a.比较级and比较级越来越例:Thestorybecamemoreandmoreinteresting.(这故事变得越来越有趣。)b.the比较,the比较级越越例:1.Themore,thebetter.(越多越好。)2.Themoreweget,thehappierwe'llbe.(我们得到越多就越快乐。)c.morethan超过lessthan少于例:Themanismorethan/overeightyyearsold.(这个人超过80岁。)形容词的最高级(l)~the最高级+名词+地点/ofthethree.../ofall例:1.Helenisthebeststudentofall.(海伦是所有学生中最好的。)2.Mt.Everestisthehighestmountainintheworld.(圣母峰是世界上最高的山。)(2)原级、比较级、最高级互换例:1.TaipeiisthebiggestcityinTaiwan.(台北是台湾最大的城市。)=TaipeiisbiggerthananyothercityinTaiwan.=TaipeiisbiggerthanalltheothercitiesinTaiwan.=NoothercityinTaiwanisbiggerthanTaipei.=NoothercitiesinTaiwanareasbigasTaipei.
5注意:加other(其它的),其功用为避免和本身做比较。2.NewYorkisbiggerthananyothercityinAmerica.(纽约比美国任何其它城市大。)=NewYorkisbiggerthananycityinTaiwan.(纽约比台湾任何城市大。)(3)as原级as—像…一样例:1.Thisjacketisasexpensiveasthissweater.(这件夹克和这件毛衣一样贵。)2.Yourhairisaslongasmine.(你的头发和我的一样长。)注意:否定句时,也可用notso/as〜as..例:Thisquestionisnotas/so,difficultasitseems.(这问题并不像表面上的那么困难。)副词的比较级、最高级比较变化a.规则变化一和形容词一样,由字形的变化而来。原级比较级最高级副词字尾无ly-*加er,estfastfasterfastest副词字尾有ly一加more,most+副词quicklymorequicklymostquicklyb.不规则变化原级比较级最高级badly(坏)ill(不好)worseworstwell(好)betterbestmuchmoremost(多)
6little(少)lessleastfar(远)fartherfurtherfarthest(表距离)furthest俵程度)◎副词的比较级+than例:1.HecansingbetterthanLisa.(他可以唱的比莉萨好。)2.1studyharderthanmyfriends.(我比我的朋友们更努力。)©the副词的最高级+地点/ofthethree一副词的最高级,the可以省略。例:1.Myfathergetsup(the)earliestofusall.(我父亲是我们之中最早起的。)2.Cathydances(the)mostbeautifully.(卡西是跳舞跳得最美的。)注意:形容词和副词的不同例:Tomisthefastestboyofall.f形容词的最高级,the不可省略。(汤姆是所有男孩中最快的。)Tomruns(the)fastestofall.一副词的最高级,the可以省略。(汤姆是所有男孩中跑得最快的。)◎疑问词+比较例:1.Whichfruitdoyoulikebetter,applesororanges?(你比较喜欢哪一种水果,苹果或是柳橙?)2.Whichdoyoulike(the)best,apples,orangesorpeaches?(苹果、柳橙和桃子,你最喜欢哪一种?)注意:两者之间用比较级;三者(或以上)用最高级。Unit2不定词
7不定词(to+原形动词),其身份不再是动词。它在句中扮演名词、形容词及副词的功能。toV1.名词用法一当主词、受词、补语例:TobuythingsinafleamarketmustbefUn.(在跳蚤市场买东西一定很好玩。)2.形容词用法一修饰名词例:Ihavealotofthingstobuy.(我有很多东西要买。)3.副词用法一表目的、原因等。例:Iwenttheretobuynotebooks.(我去那里买笔记本。)不定词的名词用法◎不定词当主词主词动词Theworkisfun.Totravelaroundtheworldisfiin.例:1.Toanswerthisquestionisdifficultforme.(对我而言回答这个问题是困难的。)注意:不定词放句首当主词时,视为一件事,其后须接单数动词。2.TosolvepollutionproblemsisdifficultforpeopleinTaiwan.-*ItisdifficultforpeopleinTaiwantosolvepollutionproblems.(对台湾民众而言,要解决污染问题是困难的。)注意:不定词为首的主词,可用it(假主词)代替,再将此事件放置在后说明。3.Tobepatientwithothersisbestforyou.(你对别人有耐心是最好的。)-*Itisbestforyoutobepatientwithothers.※句型:Ifs+形容词(修饰事物)+for+人+to+原形动词…It's+形容词(修饰人
8)+o计人+to+原形动词…修饰"人"的形容词:good,nice,kind,brave,clever,careless,honest,bad,stupid,silly,selfish,polite…等例:1.It'skindofyoutohelpme.(你真好帮我的忙。)2.It'sstupidofhimtospeakillofothers.(他说别人坏话是愚蠢的。)'◎不定词当受词主词动词受词IHkebaseball.Iliketoplaybaseball.例:1.1decidedtoquitthejob.(我决定辞掉工作。)3.Hehopedtobethereontime.(他希望准时至!J那里。)注意:有些动词,如decide,hope,want,expect,volunteer等,必用不定词当受词。4.Iwant/wouldliketoseeamoviewithmyfriend.(我想要和我的朋友一*起看电影。)5.Youneednlgoifyoudontwantto.(你不需要去,如果你不想去的话。)注意:t。后面的动词和前面相同时,则动词可省略。◎不定词当补语a.当主词补语一可放在be动词或在连缀动词之后,补充说明主词。主词动词主词补语Myworkisthething.Myworkistopreparedinner.例:1.Myaiminlifeistobecomeafamoussinger.(我人生的目标是成为名歌
9手。)2.Toseeistobelieve.(眼见为凭。)b.当受词补语—即:主词+动词+受词+受词补语。主词动词受词受词补语HecallsmeJohnny.Hewantsmetodoit.例:1.Hetoldmetogiveupsmoking.(他告诉我要戒烟。)3.Shegotherhusbandtocleanupthehouse.(她口4她先生打扫房子。)注意:有些动词,如want,ask,teach,tell,get,show等,用不定词当受词补语。4.Heaskedmenottotellherthetruth.(他要求我不要跟她说实话。)比较:Hedidn'taskmetotellherthetruth.(他没要求我跟她说实话。).注意:否定不定词fnot+to+原形动词不定词的形容词丽不定词当形容词修饰名词或something...等代名词时,采用后位修饰。即:名词/something...+to+原形动词△修饰名词例:1.1haveletterstowrite.(我有信要写。)2.Mymotherhasalotofhouseworktodoeveryday.(我妈妈每天有很多家事要做。).△修饰something...等例:1.I'llgiveyousomethingtoeat.(我会给你东西吃。)2.Doyouhaveanythingtoread?(你有什么东西可读吗?)注意:有些不定词之后会伴随着介系词。例:1.Theyhavealotofthingstotalkabout.(他们有许多事要谈。)2.Pleasegivemeaball-pointpentowritewith.(请给我一枝原子笔写字。)
10不定词的副词用族不定词可以用来修饰动词,形容词和副词,能够表示目的、原因等◎表目的-此时可用inorderto+原形动词代替例:ShewenttoLondontostudyEnglish.(她去伦敦学英语。)=ShewenttoLondoninordertostudyEnglish.注意:go和come通常其后不接不定词,而是用and连接。例:Comeandseeme.(来看我。)◎表原因一跟在表感情的形容词之后例:1.1amgladtoseeyou.(很高兴见到你。).2.Wearesorrytohearthenews.(我们听到这消息很难过。)含不定词的句型◎疑问词+t。原形动词一此为名词词组,可当主词、受词、补语。例:1.Whichwaytogoisabigproblem.(要走哪一条路是个大问题。)(当主词)2.1knowhowtooperatethemachine.(我知道如何操作这机器。)(受词)3.Hetoldmewheretotakethebus.(他告诉我哪里可以搭公交车。)(当补语)◎too…to…(太而不能)Xtoo+形容词/副词+to原形动词例:1.Youaretooyoungtounderstandthewholething.(你太年轻无法了解整件事。)2.Thewateristoohotformetodrink.(对我而言水太热无法喝。)3.Heworkedtooslowlytofinishit.(他工作得太慢无法完成这件事。)©...enoughto…(够可以)
11※形容词/副词+enough+to原形动词2.1.Myyoungerbrotherisoldenoughtogotoschool.(我弟弟年纪够大可以上学。)2.Bobworkedhardenoughtopasstheexam.(Bob够用功可以通过考试。)Unit3动名词动名词就是在原形动词后加上ing,使其具有名词的特性,句子中可扮演主词,受词或补语的功能。◎动名词当主词:须具有名词特性的字(或字群)才能当主词,所以动名词可当主词。※比较主词动词Doitrightnow.(祈使句)Todo/Doingitrightnowis※动名词或不定词放句首当主词时,整个主词视为一件事,其后须用单数动词。important.(直述句)例:1.Sleepingeighthoursadayisgoodforhealth.(一天睡8小时有益健康。)=Tosleepeighthoursadayisgoodforhealth.=Itisgoodforhealthtosleepeighthoursaday.2.Swimmingatthebeachisalotoffun.(在海边游泳很好玩。)=Toswimatthebeachisalotoffun.=It'salotoffuntoswimatthebeach.注意:It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水难收。)
12◎动名词当受词:放动词或介系词后.(1)当动词的受词例:1.Youhavetogiveupsmoking.(你必须戒烟。)2.1likewatchingbasketballgamesonTV.(我喜欢看电视上的篮球比赛。)注意1:动词like,love,hate,start,begin,learn…等之后可接V-ing或to-V当受词,在意义上没有差异。例:Theybegandancing/todancefasterand危ster.(他们开始跳得越来越快。)注意2:动词stop,remember,forget,try…等之后可接V-ing或to-V当受词,但意义通常不同。例:1.Themanstoppedtalking.(那人停止说话。)Themanstoppedtotalktoanewsboy.(那人停下来和报童说话。)*I'mtried.Ihavetostopworking.~totakearest.我累了,我必须停止工作。〜下来休息。2.Sherememberedmeetinghimsomewhere.(她记得在某处曾见过他。)一已见过Sherememberedtomeethimatthestation.(她记得要在车站和他碰面。)一尚未过见XRemembertopreviewyourlessonbeforeclassandreviewyourlessonafterclass.(记得课前预习,课后复习。)3.Lucyforgotsendingmeacard.(Lucy忘记曾寄给我一■张卡片。)一寄过Lucyforgottosendmeacard.(Lucy忘了要寄卡片给我。)一未寄XDoiTtforgettosendmeacardonChristmas.(别忘了在圣诞节寄张卡片给我。)
132.Trytosolvetheproblembeforeteno'clock.(设法在十点前解决这个问题。)一要人尽力去做某事Tryknockingatthebackdoorifnobodyhearsyouatthefrontdoor.(如果前面没有人听到,试敲一下后门。)--即敲一敲门,试试是否有人应门◎下列动词之后只能接V-ing0mind、enjoy>finish、practice>miss、quit、understandavoid、giveup、can'thelp、can'tstand、It'snouse>It'snogood例:1.Wouldyoumindwaitingforme?(你介意等我一下吗?)XImadeupmymindtowaitforher.(我决定要等她。)2.ThesestudentspracticespeakingEnglisheveryday.(这些学生每天练习英语。)3.1can'thelplaughingathim.(我忍不住嘲笑他。)(2)当介系词的受词一介系词之后必接V-ingo例:1.Heisinterestedinplayinghide-and-seek.(他喜欢玩躲猫猫。)2.Wearethinkingaboutbuyingawashingmachine.(我们考虑要买台洗衣机。)◎动名词当补语一动名词可位于be动词之后当补语。例:1.Myworkiswashingcars.(我的工作是洗车。)2.Oneofmyhobbiesiscollectingstamps.(我的嗜好之一是集邮。)注意:在其它句型中的V-ing形式1.go+V-ing/go+n.+V-ing例:gogolfing打高尔夫球gofishing去钓鱼gohunting打猎
14gobowling打保龄球goskating溜冰goswimming去游泳gohiking去健行goshopping逛街gosailing去航行例:gomountainclimbing去爬山gobikeriding骑车兜风gowindowshopping去逛街(只逛不买)gobirdwatching去赏鸟1.do+alotof/alittle+V-ing例:1.1ambusy,butIstilldoalittlepainting.(我很忙,但我仍然偶尔会画画。)2.Doyouhavetodoalotoftravelinginyourwork?(你的工作必须经常旅行吗?)2.busy,trouble…等+V-ing一本型中的V-ing前面常省略掉介系词in例:1.Mymomwasbusycookingdinner.(我妈那时忙着做晚餐。)2.Ihadtroublefindingouttheanswertothequestion.(我无法找出这问题的答案。)3.Thereisno+V-ing…(…是没有办法做到的。)例:1.Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappennext.(无法得知接下来会发生什么事。)2.Thereisnoknowingwhodidit.(无法知道那件事是谁做的。)练习:1.IrememberseeingMr.Smithinmyofficebefore.2.I'llremembertoseeMr.Smithtomorrow.3.WouldyoumindgoingtoLondononbusiness?4.Goondoingtheotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.5.Ican'thelpfeelingworriedabouthishealth.6.Iapologizefornotkeepingmypromise.
15Unit4分词分词可分为现在分词及过去分词。现在分词形式t原形动词+ing功用一(1)表"行动进行”例:ThegirlistalkingwithJoe.(那女孩正和Joe讲话。)(2)表"主动"例:ThegirltalkingwithJoeisJane.(正和Joe讲话的那女孩是Jane。)过去分词形式一一为规则变化(原形动词+ed);一为不规则变化。功用一(1)表"动作完成”例:Davidhasjustusedthepen.(David刚用过那枝笔。)(2)表“被动“例:1.ThisisthepenusedbyDavid.(这是David用过的笔。)2.ThepenwasusedbyDavid.(这枝笔被David用过。)现在分词的形容词用法(1)现在分词+名词一单独的现在分词,没有受词或(副词词组)相伴时,放在名词之前修饰名词。例:1.Don'twakethesleepingbaby.(别吵醒睡眠中的宝宝。)2.Therisingsunisverybeautiful.(H出非常美丽。)(2)名词+现在分词—现在分词后有受词或修饰语句相伴时,放在名词之后修饰名例:Isawamanworkinginthegarden.(我看到一个人在花园工作。)Isawagirlplayingthepianoonthestage.(我看到一个女孩在舞台上弹钢琴。)Isawachildsleepingonthegrass.(我看至!)一个小孩睡在草地上。)过去分词的形容词用法
16(1)过去分词+名词一单独的过去分词,没有受词或副词片语相伴时,放在名词之前修饰名词。例:1.1foundthelostpen.(我找到那支遗失的笔。)2.Sheboughtausedcar.(她买了一辆二手车。)注意:过去分词的形容词用法,代表两种含义。1.表"被动"例:aspokenlanguage(说的语言)adecayedtooth(蛀牙)awoundedsoldier(受伤的士兵)aboiledegg(煮熟的蛋)Xboilingwater(沸腾的水)boiledwater(开水)2.表"完成"fallenleaves(已经飘落的叶子)Xfallingleaves(正在飘落的叶子)therisensun(已经升起的太阳)※加risingsun(正在升起的太阳)afadedflower(退休的老师)aretiredteacher(凋谢的画)(2)名词+过去分词一过去分词后有受词或修饰语句相伴时,放在名词之后修饰名I司O例:1.Thisisapicturepaintedabout200yearsago.(这是一幅两百年前画的图画。)2.WehavesomestorybookswrittenineasyEnglish.(我们有些用简单英文写成的故事书。)(3)名词+现在分词+修饰语句名词+现在分词+修饰语句—在句中还可扮演主词、受词及补语的功用。a.当主词例:1.ThewomansittinginthemiddleisBob'smother.(坐在中间的女人是Bob的母亲。)
172.Someofthepeoplewaitingforthebusbecameangry.(等公交车中的有些人变得很生气。)b.当受词例:1.1knowtheboyrunninginthepark.(我认识在公园跑步的男孩。)3.DohaveyouanyfriendslivinginJapan?(你有任何住在日本的朋友吗?)c.当补语例:1.Thesubwayistherailwayrunningundertheground.(地铁是在地卜行驶的铁路。)4.Anurseisapersontakingcareofsickpeople.(护士是照顾病人的人。)(4)名词+过去分词+修饰语句名词+过去分词+修饰语句—在句中还可扮演主词、受词及补语的功用。a.当主词例:ThelanguagespokeninAmericaisEnglish.(美国说的语言是英语。)b.当受词例:IlookatalotofpicturestakeninKenting.(我看了许多在垦丁拍的照片。)c.补语例:Thisisadressmadeforher.(这是为她做的洋装。)比较:形容词用法的现在分词及过去分词。1.现在分词当形容词用,表a.动作进行b.主动2.过去分词当形容词用,表a.动作完成b.主动例:1.Thegirldrawingthepictureismysister.(画这幅画的女孩是我姊。)2.Thepicturedrawnbymysisterisnice.(这幅我姊姊所画的画不错。)分词的其它用法
18(1)S+V+现在分词一现在分词可直接放在动词后,当补语使用a.keep+现在分词:表"动作的持续或重复"。例:1.Hekeepsstandingforthreehours.(他一直站了三小时。)2.Thedogkeptbarkingallnight.(那只狗整晚叫个不停。)b.come(stand,sit…等)+现在分词—现在分词可作为come,stand,sit,lie等表静止或运动的动词之补语,表示两个动作同时进行。例:1.Thechildrencamerunningtomeetus.(小朋友跑来迎接我们。)2.Jackstoodlookingatthemonkeys.(Jack站着看猴子。)⑵S+V+O+现在分词一现在分词可作为感官动词hear,see,feel...及keep,leave等动词的受词补语。例:1.1sawhercrossingtheroad.(我看见她穿越马路。)2.Don'tleaveherwaitingoutsideintherain.(别让她在外面雨中等待。)(3)S+V+O+过去分词—过去分词可作为make,have,see,hear,feel,want,wish,wouldlike…等动词的受词补语。例:1.IcouldnotmakemyselfunderstoodinEnglish.(我的英文另ij人听不懂。)2.Sheheardhernamecalled.(她听至!J有人叫她的名字。)2.1hadmyhaircut.(我剪头发了。)比较:动名词及现在分词动名词及现在分词的形皆为原形动词+ing,但其功用不同。◎动名词:动名词是一个动词,在使用时具有名词的特性,可当主词,受词及补语。◎现在分词:进行式为be动词+现在分词,表一个动作正在进行。另外,现在分词也有形容词的功用,可修饰名词或当有些动词的受词补语。例:1.Tom'shobbyispainting.(动名词)(Tom的嗜好是画画。)
192.Tomispainting.(现在分词)(Tom正在画画。)Unit5形容词1.形容词的用法叙述用法卜放be动词或连缀动词之后,补充说明主词。例:1.Heisoldandsick.(他又老又病。)2.Markbecamehungryaftertwohours,work.(在工作两小时后,Mark变得很饿。)3.Seawatertastessalty.(海水尝起来咸咸的。)限定用法卜修饰名词◎形容词+名词例:Lausefulbook(一本有用的书)2.physicaleducation(体育)注意:若有两个或以上的形容词修饰同一个名词,其次序是:限词thisthat数量品质表性质、状态的形容词大小、形状一颜色、新旧一材料、地点材料地点anexpensivegoldwatchthisredsilktie
20fivetallstrongKoreanboysafewusefuloblongblackboxes◎something...等+形容词animportantthing(一件重要的事)somethingimportant(某件重要的事)例:1.Heeatsnothingsweet.(甜的东西他一概不吃。)2.Somethingterribleisabouttohappen.(某件可怕的事即将要发生。)注意:国名某国的(形容词);五二出口全国人民(复数)ChinaChineseChinesetheChineseJapanJapaneseJapanesetheJapaneseKoreaKoreanKoreantheKoreansFranceFrenchFrenchtheFrenchGermanyGermanGermantheGermansSpainSpanishSpanishtheSpanish2.表示数量的形容词many+可数复数名词,(许多)much+不可数名词^-*alotof/lotsof例:1.Didhemakemanymistakesonthetest?(他考试犯了许多错误吗?)2.Istheremuchwineinthebottle?(瓶子里有许多酒吗?)afew+可数复数名词(一些)alittle+不可数名词»—>some彳列:1.Thesewereafewchildrenintheyardatthattime.(那时有些小朋友在院子里。)2.1gaveheralittletrouble.(我给她添了一些麻烦。)
21(很少;几乎没有)—>notmany—>notmuchfew+可数复数名词little+不可数名词例:1.Heisamanoffewwords.(他是个不太爱说话的人。)2.Thereislittlehopeofhisrecovery.(他几乎没有复元的希望。)some(一些)->用于肯定句any(任何)->用于否定句,疑问句例:1.Hecollectssomeforeignstamps.(他收集了一些外国邮票。)2.Thereisnotanyteainthecup.(杯子里没有茶了。)注意:劝人吃东西,请人帮忙,或期待对方回答Yes时,问句里也用some。例:1.Wouldyoulikesomewine?(想要些葡萄酒吗?)2.MayIhavesomemorecoffee?(我可以再要些咖啡吗?)3.数词基数序数基数序数1.onefirst(1st)11.eleveneleventh(11th)2.twosecond(2nd)12.twelvetwelfth(12th)thirteenth3.threethird(3rd)13.thirteen(13th)4.fourfourth(4th)15.fifteenfifteenth(15th)twentieth5.fivefifth(5th)20.twenty(20th)twenty-first6.sixsixth(6th)21.twenty-one(21st)7.sevenseventh(7th)30.thirtythirtieth(30th)8.eighteighth(8th)40.fortyfortieth(40th)9.nineninth(9th)90.ninetyninetieth(90th)10.tententh(10th)100.onehundredth
22hundred(100th)数的读法△整数例:1.12,345—twelvethousandthreehundredandforty-five2.3,874,516一threemillioneighthundredandseventy-fourthousandfivehundredandsixteen△小数:小数点为point例:1.3.14—>threepointonefour2.27.08—twenty-sevenpointzeroeight△分数:分子-基数。若分子超过1,则分母加s。分母->序数।.3例:1.>onethird2.2>twoandthreefourths34△年月日例:1,2000年一(theyear)twothousand2.1984年7月4日—Julyfour(th),nineteeneighty-four△时刻例:1.6:15—sixfifteen/aquarterpastsix3.7:30—>seventhirty/halfpastseven4.8:59—>eightfifty-nine/onetonine△温度例:1.摄氏25°C—twenty-fivedegreescentigrade/Celsius2.华氏93°F-ninety-threedegreesFahrenheit△电话号码例:2834-7509一twoeightthreefour,sevenfivezeronine数词的惯用表现
23△hundreds/thousands/millionsof…数以百/千/百万计的例:1.Hehasonehundredkindsofstamps.(他有100种邮票。)2.Hundredsofchildrengatheredintheplayground.(数以百计的力、朋友聚集在运动场。)△in+one's/the+数词的复数形例:1.Sheisinhertwenties/teens.(她20儿岁/10儿岁。)2.Therewasanantiwarmovementinthenineteen-sixties.(在1960年代有一项反战运动。)△数词一单数名词=形容词例:1.It'sonlyaten-minutewalkfromheretothestation.(从这里走路到车站只要十分钟路程。)2.Theyoungmanmarrieda70-year-oldwoman.(那年轻人娶了一位70岁的女士。)Unit6副词1.副词的功用△修饰一般动词例:Hedriveshiscarcareftilly.(他小心开车。)t_।△修饰形容词例:Heisaverycarefuldriver.(他是一位很小心的驾驶。)Lt△修饰另一个副词例:Hedriveshiscarverycarefully.(他开车非常小心。)i•小2.副词的种类
24(1)情状副词邈△形容词加ly例:quick-quickly(快)care例Lcarefiilly(小心)△形容词字尾为le一去e加ly例:terrible-terribly(可怕)comfortable-comfortably(舒适)△形容词字尾为子音+y—去y加ily例:happy-happily(快乐)heavy-heavily(重的)△形容词字尾为11—>加y例:full-fUlly(满)dull-dully(迟钝)△形容词字尾为ue一去e加ly例:true-truly(真实)due-duly(适当)△形容词,副词同形例:early(早),late(晚),enough(足够),fast(快),first(第一),last(最后)等。△不规则变化例:good-well(好)谑△动词+副词=副词+动词例:Shedancedbeautifully.=Shebeautifullydanced.(她舞得很美。)△动词+受词+副词=副词+动词+受词彳列:Allofusacceptedtheinvitationgladly.=Allofusgladlyacceptedtheinvitation.(我们所有人都很乐意接受这邀请。)△动词+介系词+受词+副词=副词+动词+介系词+受词=动词+副词+介系词+受
25例:Shewalkedintotheclassroomquietly.=Shequietlywalkedintotheclassroom.=Shewalkedquietlyintotheclassroom.(她安静地走进教室。)△be动词+副词+V-ing例:Hewasanxiouslywaitingforherarrival.(他焦急地等着她的到来。)注意:字尾为ly的情状副词可用于一句的句首。例:Slowlyandcarefullyheopenedthebox.(他慢慢地小心翼翼地打开盒子。)注意:连缀动词,如fell,taste…等,其后须接形容词。例:1.Theoldmanlookedangry.(那老人看起来很生气。)Theoldmanlookedatmeangrily.(那老人生气地看着我。)2.Wefeltsadforhisdeath.(我们为他的死感到难过。)Thedoctorfeltthepulsecarefully.(医生细心地诊脉。)3.Markappearedcalm.(Mark似乎很冷静。)Markappearedsuddenlyatthedoor.(Mark突然出现在门口。)(2)频率副词—always(总是),usually(通常),often(经常),sometimes(偶尔),seldom(不常),ever(曾经),never(绝不)谑△—be动词/助动词之后△一般动词之前例:Jimisalwayslatetoschool.=Jimalwaysgoestoschoollate.(Jim上学总是迟到。)△简答句或简述句时,在be动词或助动词之前例:1.Mr.Wangusuallygoestotheofficebybus,butMrs.Wangneverdoes.(王先生通常搭公交车上班,但王太太从不搭公交车上班。)
262.DidyouevertalktoforeignersinEnglish?No,Ineverdid.(你曾用英语和外国人交谈吗?不,从没有。)注意:频率副词除always外,也可以用于句首。例:Sometimesweeatdinnerinthatrestaurant.(偶尔我们在那家餐厅吃晚餐。)注意:询问频率用Howoften(多久一次)例J:Howoftendothebusesrunbetweenthestationandyourschool?—>Onceanhour.(从车站到你们学校之间公交车隔多久来一班?一小时一班。)⑶地方副词—there(那里),here(这里),downstairs(楼下),upstairs(楼上),inside(在内),outside(在外),underthetree(在树下)…等。△小地方+大地方例:Herparentslivedonasmallfarminaremotecountry.(她父母住在偏远乡下的一个小农场上。)△地方副词很少用于句首,如用于句首,通常用以表示对比或强调例:1.Theyounggirlsaregoingupstairs.(那些年轻女孩们正往楼上走去。)2.Upstairstheyarehavingaparty,anddownstairspeopleareplayingloudmusic.SoIcannotstudyinmyapartment.(楼上正在开派对,而楼下又有人大声的放音乐。所以我无法在我的公寓里读书。)(4)时间副词△句首/句尾例:Lastweekyoupromisedmetodoit.—Youpromisedmetodoitlastweek.(上星期你承诺我要做这件事。)△小时间+大时间例:TheweddingtookplaceonWednesdayeveninglastweek.(婚礼在上星期三晚上举行。)
27注意:若有几个不同类的副词同时出现,其次序为:地方副词+情状副词+频率副词+时间副词例:1.Mysisterwentupstairsquietlyaminuteago.(我姊姊不久前安静地上楼去。)2.Atimebombexplodedatthestationyesterday.(一颗定时炸弹昨天在车站爆炸。)(5)程度副词tso(如此地)、too(太)、very(非常)、quite(相当地)、enough(够)△用于所修饰的形容词或副词前。例:socomfortable(如此舒适)、tootired(太累)、verycarefully俳常小心)△enough用于所修饰的形容词或副词之后。例:tallenough(够高),kindenough(够仁慈)例:It*swarmenoughforyoutoplayoutofdoors.(天气够暖和你可以到外面玩。)3.特别注意的副词very/much△very修饰原级和最高级much修饰比较级和最高级例:1.Heisaverygoodboy.(他是位非常棒的男孩。)2.Heisamuchbetterboythanyou.(他是位比你棒的男孩。)3.Heismuchthebestboyofall.=Heistheverybestboyofall.(他是所有男孩中最棒的。)△much及verymuch可修饰动词,但very不可以。^!]:Idon'tliketheidea(very)much.我不是很喜欢这想法。△现在分词(V-ing)及过去分词(p.p.)可当形容词用。修饰现在分词—>very<修饰过去分词—>much,verymuch※列入字典当形容词的过去分词则用veryo
28例:1.Englishisanveryinterestingsubject.(英文是非常有趣的科目。)2.1ammuch(=verymuch)interestedinEnglish.(我对英语很感兴趣。)3.1amverypleasedtoteachallofyouEnglish.(我非常高兴教大家英语。)maybe/maybemaybe(或许)为副词;may为助动词,be为动词,意指"可能是。例:1.Maybeheisright.(也许他对了。)2.Hemayberight.(他可能对了。sometime/sometime△sometime(某个时候),sometime(一些时间)例:1.1sawhimsometimelastyear.(我在去年某个时间见过他。)3.I'llcallonyousometime.(改天我会去拜访你。)4.I'lldothisifIcansparesometime.(如果我能挪出一点时间,我会做这件事。)everyday/everydayeveryday(每天)当形容词用;everyday(每天)当副词用例:1.Wearyoureverydayclothes.(穿便月艮吧。)2.Shehelpshermomwithkitchenworkeveryday.(她每天帮她母亲做厨房工作。)注意:某些副词可修饰整个句子例:Unfortunately,Johnfailedtopasstheexam.(不幸地,John未能通过考试。)Unit7动词(be动词(连缀动词)表"状态;存在"动词4.一般动词T表"动作"
291.连缀动词(+形容词)(1)变得,become+形容词/名词get,grow,come,go+形容词例:1.Comehomebefbreitgetsdark.(天黑前回家。)2.Mydreamwillcometrueinthefuture.(我的梦想未来会实现。)3.Shewentredwithanger.(她气得满脸通红。)(2)起来[look(看起来),sound(听起来),smell(闻起来),,[taste(尝起来),问1(感觉起来)>+形容词/like(像)+名词例:1.Itsoundsgreat.(听起来很棒。)Itsoundslikeatruestory.(那好像是真实的故事。)2.Theclothfeelsso丘.(这块布摸起来很柔软。)Theclothfeelslikesilk.(这块布摸起来像丝。)注意:feellike+V-ing(想要);feellike(大概是似的)例:1.Idon'tfeelliketakingawalknow.(我现在不想去散步。)2.Itfeelslikerain.(大概快下雨了。)(3)保持(状态)—keep,stay例:1.Shekeptcalmduringtheearthquake.(地震时她保持冷静。)2.Theweatherisgoingtostayfineforafewdays.(晴天将会持续两三天。)2.授与动词(有两受词,一为人,一为物)句型:s+授与动词+<'受词(人)+受词(物)[受词(物)+介词+受词(人)例:Sheaskedmeaquestion.=Sheaskedaquestionofme.(她问我一个问题。)※授与动词所搭配的介词△to-give(给),lend(借出),show(展示),pass(传递),pay(付钱),sell(卖),send(寄),teach(教),
30tell(告诉)等。△for—>buy(买),make(制造),cook(烹煮),get(得到),find(找出),play(演奏),sing(唱歌)等。△of-ask(问)例:1.Willyoulendmeyourpen?=Willyoulendyourpentome?(请你把你的钢笔借我好吗?)注意:borrow(借入),其后只能接受词(物)。例:Iborrowedmanystorybooksfrommyfriend.(我向朋友借了许多故事书。)2.HismotherboughthimaCDplayer.=HismotherboughtaCDplayerforhim.=Hismotherboughtitforhim.(他妈妈买了CD音响给他。)3.使役动词“叫……(人)做……(事)”△make,have(叫)+受词+原形动词△get(叫)+受词+toV.△let(让……)+受词+原形动词△help(帮忙)+受词+原形动词/toV例:1.Ourparentsmadeusbrushourteeththreetimesaday.(我们的父母强迫我们一天刷三次牙。)2.I'llgetthemtotryitagain.(我要叫他们再试一次。)3.Hehelpedme(to)paintthewallgreen.(他帮我把墙漆成绿色。)4.感官动词(feel(感觉),see(看),watch(看),lookat(注视)],皿小.\广、「卜+受词+原形动词/V-ing[notice(注意),hear(RJf),listento(倾听)J例:1.1lookedcarefullybutsawnothing.(我注意看了,但什么也没看见。)
312.Isawhimmow/mowingthelawn.(我看见他在修剪草坪。)2.1noticedherstand/standingbehindme.(我注意到她站在我后面。)3.情绪动词[使……(人)感到……]句型:主词(事物)+情绪动词+受词(人)。一主词(事物)+be动词+情绪V-ing+to+受词(人)。一主词(人)+be动词+情绪p.p.+介词+受词(事物)。※情绪动词一情绪形容词->现在分词(V-ing)->修饰事物过去分词(p.p.)->修饰人例:1.Thecomputergameinterestsyoungpeople.(这计算机游戏弓I起年轻人的兴趣。)一Thecomputergameisinterestingtoyoungpeople.一Youngpeopleareinterestedinthecomputergame.—>Youngpeopletake/haveinterestinthecomputergame.注意:情绪动词之过去分词所搭配的介词如下:interestedin(对感兴趣)surprisedat(对感讶异)excitedabout(对感兴奋)be动词+
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