备战2023年高考英语全国通用复习考点 28-阅读理解推理判断题（重难题型原卷版）

《备战2023年高考英语全国通用复习考点 28-阅读理解推理判断题（重难题型原卷版）》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

考点28阅读理解推理判断题（重难题型）推理判断题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer,imply,indicate,suggest(推断，暗指)等词。对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。关键是：意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有关信息；注意词汇在词典的定义和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。这种问题的提问方式通常有：1.Fromparagraph4wecaninferthat./Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?/Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat.2.Wecaninferfromthetextthat…/Whatcanwelearnfrom…?/Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat…3.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat.4.Theauthorimpliesthatbytheyear2080,.5.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould.6.Theauthormentionsthefactthat…toshow.7.Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_________?8.Theauthor’sattitudetoward…is_________?9.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas_________?这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的说，考生应当注意以下几点：1.首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。2.要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。有的推断，考生完全可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。3.要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。4.要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。5.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

1在解答推理性问题时，一定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用scanning的方法，迅速在材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，则常常要纵览全篇文章。推理判断题常见有以下形式：1．细节推断题要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等。考生要从文章本身所提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。（2021·江西·二模）Afterbeatingbonecancer,HayleyArceneauxthinksrocketingintoorbitonSpaceX’sfirstprivateflightshouldbenoproblematall.St.JudeChildren’sResearchHospitalannouncedthe29-year-olddoctor’sassistantwillrocketintospacelaterthisyear.Arceneaux,aformerpatientatSt.Jude,willbecometheyoungestAmericaninspace,beatingNASArecord-holderSallyRidebyovertwoyears.ShewilltravelwithbusinessmanJaredIsaacman,whoisusingthespaceflightheboughttoraisemoneyforcharity.Twootheryet-to-be-chosenspaceflyerswilljointhem.Arceneauxwillbethefirstpersontolaunchwithaprosthesisanartificialdevicethatreplacesamissingorinjuredpartofthebody.Whenshewas10,ArceneauxhadanoperationatSt.Judetoreplaceherkneeandapieceofmetalwasputinherleftleg.Shestilllimpsandhasoccasionallegpain.“Mybattlewithcancerreallypreparedmeforspacetravel,”sherecentlytoldTheAssociatedPress.“Itmademetough,andthenalsoIthinkitreallytaughtmetoexpecttheunexpectedandgoalongfortheride.”Arceneauxwantstoshowheryoungpatientsandothercancersurvivorsthat“theskyisnoteventhelimitanymore.”“It’sgoingtomeansomuchtothesekidstoseeasurvivorinspace.”shesaid.IsaacmanannouncedhisspaceflightonFebruary1,promisingtoraise$200millionforSt.Jude.Astheflight’sself-appointedcommander,heofferedoneofthefourseatsaboardSpaceX’sDragonspacecrafttoSt.Jude.ThehospitalchoseArceneauxfromamongitsmanyworkerswhohadoncebeenpatients.Theideawasthatoneofthemcouldrepresentthenewgeneration,notedRickShadyac,presidentofSt.Jude’sfinancingorganization.ArceneauxwasathomeinMemphis,Tennessee,whenshegotasurprisingcallinJanuary.ShewasaskedifshewouldrepresentSt.Judeinspace.Asalifelongspacefanwholovesadventures,Arceneauxhastraveledwidelyandlovesrollercoasters.Isaacman,whofliesfighterairplanesforfun,considersheraperfectfit.ThelaunchisplannedforthisfallatNASA’sKennedySpaceCenter,withthespacecraftorbitingEarthfortwotofourdays.1．WhichstatementistrueaboutHayleyArceneaux?A．Sheworkswheresheusedtobeapatient.B．Sheisanadventurehater.C．SheistheyoungestAmericaninspace.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

2D．Sheisthefirstwomanspaceflyer.2．What’sthecorrectorderforwhathappenedtoHayleyArceneaux?a.Shereceivedasurprisingcall.b.Shewasdiagnosedwithaseriousdisease.c.Shewaschosentorocketintospace.d.ShewasoperatedonatSt.Jude.A．acdbB．bcdaC．bdacD．cabd2．因果推断题要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因或根据已有的原因推断可能的结果。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。最关键的是要找准事物间存在的因果关系信息，根据已有信息，进行分析判断推理，从而推出最符合逻辑的原因或判断出最可能导致的结果。（2021··二模）“Theresearchisclearthatusableknowledge--thatis,learningthatcanbetransferredtonewsituations-onlyoccurswhenindividualsareactivelymakingsenseoftheworld”(ScienceandEngineeringforGrades6-12:InvestigationandDesignattheCenter,p.57)Oneoftherecentinnovations(创新)inscienceandengineeringeducationisthecentralfocusonhavingstudentsfigureoutpuzzlingphenomenaandsolvingreal-worldproblems.Thisideabuildsondecadesofresearchonhowpeoplelearnandshiftsthefocusfrom“learningabout"asciencetopicortheengineeringdesignprocessto“figuringout”howtoexplainaphenomenontheyseeorsolvingaproblem.Withthisfocus,studentslearnideasandskillsbecausetheyrealizetheyaremissingsomeknowledgeorskillthatwouldallowthemtoanswertheirownquestions-tosatisfytheircuriosity.Students'engagementintheirownlearningisastrongpredictoroftheirachievement,andteachersoftenreportthatitisachallengetoengagestudentsinlearningwhentheyarenotfaceto-faceinaclassroom.However,bycenteringstudents'experienceonfiguringsomethingoutthattheyaregenuinelycuriousabout,scienceandengineeringlearningcanbecomethemostengagingpartofastudent'sday,eveninremotelearningenvironments.Aphenomenon-andproblem-centeredfocusprovidesopportunitiestoconnectlearningmorecloselytostudents'ownlivesandthereforetomakeitmorerelevanttothemwhentheyareathome.Ifstudentsexploreaphenomenonorproblemthattheyseeintheirownhome,neighborhood,orcommunity,theycanmoreeasilyapplythelearninginotheraspectsoftheirlives.1．Whyisthequotationputatthebeginningofthetext?A．Topopularizetheideaofabook.B．Toleadintheauthor'sconcept.C．Toarousethereaders'interest.D．Tointroducethebackground.4．Howwillstudentsbenefitfromtheinnovationinscienceandengineeringeducation?A．Theywillbecomemorecurious.B．Theywillbecomethecenterofthecourse.C．Theywillbemotivatedtolearn.D．Theywillhavebetterlearningenvironment.3．人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题学科网（北京）股份有限公司

3高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。（2021·河南郑州·二模）Iwaswithmymomonedayaswetookawalkwhilewindowshopping.Webothknewwewouldn'tbebuyingmuch.IrememberIwaslookingupatthepeoplewepassedaswewalked.Ladieswore5-inchheelsandbrightclothes.Menworeexpensiveperfumesandcreamsthatwipedawaythewrinklesontheirfaces.Anuneasyfeelingstartedtosettleinmychest.IcoulddenyitnolongerandIwasashamedofmymom.Wewereinahigh-classneighborhood.Welivedinasmall,expensiveapartmentbuildingattheedgeofourcounty.Momchosetomovetherebecausesheknewtheschoolsweregood.Irealizedforthefirsttimethatwedidn'tbelongthere.Icouldseetheheavylinesaroundmymom'seyesandmouth.Sheworecheapclothesandworm-outshoes.Hereyesweretiredfromworkinglonghourstomakeendsmeet,andherhairwastoograyforherage.Shewasnothingextraordinary,yetatthatmoment,shestoodoutbecauseshewasjustsoplain.Ididn'twanttobeseenwithheralthoughtherewasnooneimportantaroundtoseemeanyway.Ifeltembarrassedaboutbeingatherside.Wewerestandinginthemiddleofahigh-endstore,andshewasholdingasweater.Momsaid,“Anna,thiswilllookgoodonyou.Doyouwantit?”ItWasmuchtooexpensive,butIalmostthoughtlesslyanswered“Yes”.ThenItookacloserlookatthesmall,tiredwomanwithabigsmileandasweaterinherhands,happytobegivingmesomethingsonice.Mywordsdiedinmythroat.Herclotheswerewornandoldbecauseshespenthermoneybuyingmenewones.Shelookedsotiredbecauseshewasbusyworkingtoprovideforme.Shedidn'twearjewelryorperfumesbecauseshewascontentwithspendingwhatlittlemoneyshehadonme.Suddenly,mymomwasbeautifulandextraordinarilywonderfulinmyeyes.Iwasnolongerashamedofher,butofmyself.“Doyouwantit?”Momrepeated.“No,thanks,”Ireplied.5．Whydidtheauthordescribethepassers-bywhilewindow-shopping?A．Tostresshermotherwasplain.B．Toshowsheenviedrichpeople.C．Tosuggestshewascuriousaboutothers.D．Toindicateshewasinanexpensiveneighborhood.6．Whatmostlikelymadetheauthorfeeluneasy?A．Studyingatatopschool.B．Goingwindow-shopping.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

4C．Beingseenwithhermom.D．Livinginasmallapartment.（2021·山西·二模）HewasanoldmanwhofishedaloneinasmallboatintheGulfStreamandhehadgoneeighty-fourdaysnowwithouttakingafish.Inthefirstfortydaysaboyhadbeenwithhim.Butafterfortydayswithoutafishtheboy’sparentshadtoldhimthattheoldmanwasnowdefinitelyandfinallysalao,whichistheworstformofunluck,andtheboyhadgoneattheirordersinanotherboatwhichcaughtthreegoodfishthefirstweek.Itmadetheboysadtoseetheoldmancomeineachdaywithhisboatemptyandhealwayswentdowntohelpcarryeitherthefishinglinesorthespear.Thesailwasoldand,rolled,itlookedliketheflagofpermanentdefeat.Theoldmanwasverythinwithdeepwrinklesinthebackofhisneck.Thebrownspotsoftheskincancerthesunbringsfromitsreflectiononthetropicseawereonhischeeks.Thespotsranwelldownthesidesofhisfaceandhishandshadthedeepscarfromhandlingheavyfishonthethickropes.Butnoneofthesescarswerefresh.Theywereasoldaserosions(侵蚀)inafishlessdesert.Everythingabouthimwasoldexcepthiseyesandtheywerethesamecolorastheseaandwerecheerfulandundefeated.“Santiago,”theboysaidtohimastheyclimbedthebankfromwheretheboatwaspulledup.“Icouldgowithyouagain.We’vemadesomemoney.”Theoldmanhadtaughttheboytofishandtheboylovedhim.:“No,”theoldmansaid.“You’rewithaluckyboat.Staywiththem,”“Butrememberhowyouwenteighty-sevendayswithoutfishandthenwecaughtbigoneseverydayforthreeweeks.“Iremember,”theoldmansaid.“Iknowyoudidnotleavemebecauseyoudoubted.”14．Whatcanwelearnabouttheoldmaninparagraph2?A．Hewaseasy-goingandtalkative.B．Hewasheart-brokenandhelpless.C．Hewasugly-lookingbutwarm-hearted.D．Hewasweather-beatenbutstrong-willed.（2021·河北邯郸·二模）It'snotoftentoseeawomanwho’ssevenmonthspregnantrunningamarathon.ButBeatieDeutschisanythingbuttypical.The30-year-oldmotheroffiveisrankedasoneofthetopwomenmarathonrunnersintheworldand,asoftoday,hasqualifiedforthe32ndSummerOlympics.Whatimpressespeoplemoredeeplyisthat,unlikemanyOlympichopefulswhohavebeentrainingtheirwholelives,Deutschonlytookuprunningfouryearsago.Whydidshetrainforamarathon?"Iwasreallyoutofshapeafterhavingfivekids,"shesaid."SoIsetthegoalformyselfofrunningamarathonandthathelpedme.Ineededsomethingtobemotivatedtogetoutthereandtraineveryday.Ididn'teverexpectittotakemetothis."TheIsraelipresshasbeentrackingherwithpride,callingher"SpeedyBeatie".Hopingtoaddmorepurposetohernewfoundfame,DeutschusesherrunningasawaytoraisemoneyforacharityBeitDaniella.This学科网（北京）股份有限公司

5nonprofitorganizationprovidesarecoverycenterforyouthswhoarestrugglingwithmentalhealthissues.Thatmission（使命）ishelpingfuelherOlympicdreams.AttheTiberiasMarathonlastmonth,Deutschwasthefastestwomanintherace.ThispastSeptember,shefinishedtheCapeTownMarathonintwohoursandthirty-sixminutes.That'safewminutesshyofherpersonalbestoftwohoursandtwenty-nineminutes,atimethatqualifiesherfortheOlympics.ShewilltrytoshaveevenmoretimeoffwhenshecompetesintheRotterdamMarathonthisApril.It'sremarkableforsomeonewhostartedherathleticcareerinherlate20s."Ialwaystellpeopletohavebigdreams,andsethugegoals.Don'tgetcaughtupintheplacewherewearerightnowandhavetunnelvisionandarelimitedinwhatweseeofourselves,"saidDeutsch,whonowtravelstheworldasamotivationalspeaker.18．WhichwordcanbestdescribeDeutsch?A．Creative.B．Caring.C．Modest.D．Adaptable.（2021·辽宁·模拟预测）Softrobots,whichcanmovearoundtheoceanwithoutharmingsealife,areidealforunderwaterexploration.However,theyarenotsowelcomeinrobotmarketbecausetheyareextremelyslowandhaveahardtimeoperatingthroughthewater.Butthatmaychangesoonthankstoaself-drivensoftrobotcreatedbyresearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.Therecently-developedrobot,whichresemblesapaperlantern,wasprimarilybuiltusingsoftmaterials.Itsflexibleribsareattachedtoacircularplateatbothends.Anadjustablenozzle(喷嘴)fittedononesidehelpsdrawinandjet(射出)watereachtimetherobotshrinks.Theresultingjetsofwaterenableittoswimforward,similartoasquid(乌贼).Aplateholdsawaterproofcomponentthatcanhouseacameratorecorddata,whichisofgreatvaluetofurtherdevelopmentoftherobot.Italsohasitsownpowersource,allowingittofloatautonomouslyforlongperiodsoftime.“Essentially,werecreatedallthekeyfeaturesthatsquidsuseforhigh-speedswimming.Thisisthefirstrobotthatcanachievethesejetsofwaterbychangingitsbodyshape,whichimprovesswimmingefficiency,”saidProfessorMichaelT.Thoughthesquidrobothasnotbeentestedinopenwaters,itsuccessfullyswamaroundcoralandfishinalargetankintheUCSanDiegoBirchAquarium.What’smore,therobotclockedanimpressivespeedof18to32centimeterspersecond,orabouthalfamileperhour.Thoughnowhereclosetorealsquids,itisfasterthanmostothersoftrobots.“Afterwewereabletoimprovethedesignoftherobotsothatitwouldswiminatankinthelab,itwasespeciallyexcitingtoseethattherobotwasabletosuccessfullyswiminalargetankamongcoralandfish,showingitspossibilityforreal-worldapplications,”saidCalebChristianson,wholedthestudyaspartofhisPh.Dpaper.24．What’sCalebChristianson’sattitudetowardsthenewly-developedrobot?A．Positive.B．Critical.C．Uncaring.D．Doubtful.4．篇章结构推断题根据不同文章的内容和写作目的，作者会采取记叙、描写、议论、说明或应用文体。作者也会采用叙述、例证、比较对照等不同的组织结构。不同文体的阅读难度、要求和任务不同，阅读方法也应不同。增强对篇章结构的理解能力有助于提高阅读质量。学科网（北京）股份有限公司

6（2021·山东潍坊·二模）Mostparentscanremembertheartfulmixofexcitementandanxietyaccompanyingthechoiceoftheirbaby’sname—itwillfollowthechildhisorherentirelife.Buttheeffectcouldbeevenmoresignificant.InresearchrecentlypublishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,ourresearchteamshowsthatthestereotype(模式思维)thatagivensocietyhasofafirstnamecaninfluencethewaypeoplelook.Ineightstudies,wefoundthatparticipantsshownID-stylephotosofpeoplethey’dnevermetwereabletorecognizethefirstnameofthedescribedpersonwellabovethechancelevel.Inotherwords,thereissomethingaboutanEmilythat…justlookslikeanEmily.IfanEmilyreallydoeslooklikeanEmily,evenacomputershouldbeabletoguesshertruename.Thecomputerwasevenabletoproducea“heatmap”foreachname,afacewiththefeaturesthat“betray”apersoncarryingthatnameshowninredororangecolors.Howshouldweunderstandthiseffect?Untilnow,socialpsychologistsknewthatourfacialappearanceinfluencestheextenttowhichothersperceiveusasattractive,intelligent,trustworthyorwarm.Thesestudiesshowthatothers’perceptionsofourfirstnamearereflectedinourfaces.Interestingly,theface-nameeffectoccursevenifwecanonlyseethehairofaperson.Ourhairispossiblythepartofourfacethatwecontrolwiththemostease.Thefactthatthisalonecanproducethefacenameeffectfurtherillustratesthesuspectedself-fulfillingmechanismbehindit.Together,theeightstudiessuggestthatwewearoursocialbelongingonourface,andthatweactivelyshapeourfeaturestoberecognizedbyourreferencegroup.Choosingbabynamesremainsexciting.Whateverthefirstnameyougivetoyourchild,heorshewillendupwearingit.28．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholetext?P=ParagraphA．B．C．D．5．文章结论推断题由具体到一般，对已知的事实进行归纳总结性推断称为结论。学科网（北京）股份有限公司

7【2021全国甲卷C篇】WhenIwas9,wepackedupourhomeinLosAngelesandarrivedatHeathrow,LondononagrayJanuarymorning.Everyoneinthefamilysettledquicklyintothecityexceptme.Withoutmybelovedbeachesandendlessblue-skydays,Ifeltatalossandoutofplace.UntilImadeadiscovery.Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,wherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite:Safe.Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon'tworryaboutit.Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam（橫杆）,Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand,andTobycameover,helpingmeup:Safe,man.Safe.Afewminuteslater,whenIlandedthetrick,myfriendsbeattheirboardsloud,shouting: "Safe!Safe!Safe!"  Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.WhenIwas15,myfamilymovedtoWashington.Itriedskateboardingthere,butthelocalswerefarlesswelcoming.Withinacoupleofyears,I'dgivenitup.WhenIreturnedtoLondonin2004,IfoundmyselfwanderingdowntoSouthbank,spendinghoursthere.I'vetraveledbackseveraltimessince,mostrecentlythispastspring.Thedaywascoldbutclear;touristsandLondonersstoppedtowatchtheskaters.Weaving（穿梭）amongthekidswhorushedbyontheirboards,Ifoundmywaytothebeam.Thenarail-thinteenager,inabaggywhiteT-shirt,skidded（滑）uptothebeam.Hesatnexttome.Heseemednottonoticethemannexttohim.ButsoonIcaughtafewofhisglances."Iwasalocalhere20yearsago,"Itoldhim.Then,slowly,hebegantonodhishead."Safe,man.Safe.”"Yeah,"Isaid.“Safe."4.Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinthetext?A.Childrenshouldlearnasecondlanguage.B.Sportisnecessaryforchildren'shealth.C.Childrenneedasenseofbelonging.D.Seeingtheworldismustforchildren.（2021·浙江·三模）Inmanycultures,itisconsideredunluckytospillsalt.Fortunately,manyculturesalsohaveasolutiontotheproblem,whichusuallyinvolvesthrowingapinchofsaltoveryourshoulder.Itmayseemconfusingtomodernhumans,butknowingthatsaltwasonceincrediblyvaluablecanchangethisperspective.Forthousandsofyears,saltwasanextremelyrarecommodity.Itwasdifficulttoobtainsothatthepricewasveryhigh.Manytradingroutesweresetuptocarrysalt,peoplewerepaidinsalt,andsaltwassometimesworthmorethanitsweightingold.Therefore,spillingsaltwasconsideredwasteful.Becauseofitshighvalue,saltwasalsoassociatedwithfriendshipandgoodfortune.Offeringsofsaltwereincludedinmanyreligiousceremonies,andpeoplemightbringsalttoanewhomeforgoodluck.Theseassociationswouldhavesuggestedthatitwouldbebadlucktospillsalt,sinceitwouldseemtoviolatesalt’sfortunateproperties.Saltisalsoanexcellentpreservative.Itpreventsfoodfromgoingbad.Assuch,itcametobelinkedwithhealthandlongevity.Insomecultures,spillingsaltwasthoughttoreduceone'swell-being.InBritain,forexample,eachspilledgrainwassaidtorepresentatear,whileinGermanyspilledsaltawakenedthedevil,bringingmisfortune.ThefearofspillingsaltwasalsoadoptedintotheChristianfaith.ItissaidthatJudasspilledsaltattheLast学科网（北京）股份有限公司

8Supper,andsincehelaterturnedouttobethebetrayerofChrist,spilledsaltisconsideredunluckybymanyChristians.Shouldyoubeunfortunateenoughtospillsalt,youmightthrowapinchoveryourleftshouldertoblindtheDevil.31．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Tointroducethehistoryofsalt.B．Toshowwaystoavoidmisfortune.C．Toexplainthebeliefsaboutspillingsalt.D．Toentertainreaderswithsomeanecdotes.6.读者对象题（2021·江苏南通·三模）CourseAdvisor1EducationSalesExecutiveWouldyoubeinterestedinjoiningasupportiveandfriendlyteamwithasharedpassionforsellingtheirexcitingportfolioofcourses?TheOrganization:Itisaninternationalnetworkthatoffersawidevarietyofprograms,includingbachelor’sdegreeprograms,master'sdegreeprograms,professionaltraining,EnglishLanguagetraining.andcorporate&executiveeducation.Whensomeonechoosestostudyatoneoftheirinstitutions---whetheroncampusinEurope,NorthAmerica,orevenintheirownhomethey'rejoininganetworkofover50,000studentsworldwide.TheRole:CourseadvisersareresponsibleforpromotingtheCompany'sprogramportfoliotopotentialstudentsoverthephoneandviae-mail,formingavitalandintegralpartofthesalesteam.Youwillhaveanaturalgiftforsalesandrelationship-building,andahungertoexceed(超出)targetsandexpectations.Benefits:TheCompanyoffersexcellentopportunitiesforfasttrackcareerprogressionwhichisentirelyperformancedriven.Theyrewardtopperformersgivingyoutheopportunitytoearnaswellasprogress.Requirements:PleaseclickontheAPPLYbuttontosendyourCVandCoverLetterforthisrole.TheCompanyisanequalopportunitiesemployerandpositivelyencouragesapplicationsfromsuitablyqualifiedandeligiblecandidatesregardlessofsex,race,disability,age,orreligionorbelief.Norecordofcrimeisamust.3．Whoisthetextintendedfor?A．ThosewhowanttopolishtheirEnglish.B．Thosewhotrytodeveloptheirprograms.C．Thosewhoneedtoadvancetheirdegrees.D．Thosewhoaregoodatpromotingproducts.7.论证方式题学科网（北京）股份有限公司

9（2021·福建宁德·三模）Thefirstwaveofanewclassofanti-agingdrugshavebegunhumantesting.Thesedrugswon'tletyoulivelongerbutaimtotreatspecificillnessesbyslowingafundamentalprocessofaging.Thedrugsarecalledsenolytics—theyworkbyremovingcertaincellsthataccumulateasweage.Knownas“senescent”cells,theycancreatelow-levelinflammation(炎症)thatpreventsnormalsystemsoflivingcellsrepairandcreatesapoisonousenvironmentforneighboringcells.InJune,SanFrancisco-basedUnityBiotechnologyreportedinitialresultsinpatientswithmildtosevereosteoarthritis(关节炎)oftheknee.Resultsfromalargerclinicaltrialareexpectedinthesecondhalfofthisyear.Thecompanyisalsodevelopingsimilardrugstotreatage-relateddiseasesoftheeyesandlungs,amongotherconditions.Senolyticsarenowinhumantests,alongwithanumberofotherpromisingapproachestargetingthebiologicalprocessesthatlieattherootofagingandvariousdiseases.AcompanycalledAlkahestinjectspatientswithcomponentsfoundinyoungpeople'sbloodandsaysithopestostopconsciousandfunctionaldeclineinpatientssufferingfrommildtomoderateAlzheimer'sdisease.ThecompanyalsohasdrugsforParkinson'sanddementiainhumantesting.AndinDecember,researchersatDrexelUniversityCollegeofMedicineeventriedtoseeifacreamincludingtheimmune-suppressingdrugcouldslowaginginhumanskin.Thetestsreflectresearchers'expandingeffortstolearnifthemanydiseasesassociatedwithgettingolder-suchasheartdiseases,arthritis,cancer,anddementia-canbedealtwithtodelaytheiroutbreak.38．Howdoesthetextmainlydevelop?A．Bylistingdata.B．Byprovidingdetails.C．Bymakingcomparisons.D．Byanalyzingcauses.Passage1（2021·江西·二模）AnewproductfromGooglemayhelppeoplesolvetheirsleepproblems,butsomeprivacyrightsgroupsareconcerned.GoogleshowedoffitsnewestNestHubhomeassistantdeviceonTuesday.Inadditiontorecognizingyourvoice,showingpictures,videos,newsandweather,itcanalsotrackyoursleep.Thebasicmodelcostsabout$100andthesleep-trackingtechnologywillbeavailableforfreefortherestof2021.ThesleeptrackermakesGoogle’sproductdifferentfromasimilarhomeassistantfromAmazon.IfyouputtheNestHubbesideyourbed,itcanfollowhowyousleep.ThatisbecauseofanewcomputerchipcalledSoli,whichcansensemotion.Somepeoplemaylikethenewtechnologybecausetheywouldnothavetowearanotherdevicetobed.Somecompaniesmake学科网（北京）股份有限公司

10productspeoplecanwearontheirwristtotracktheirsleep.GooglesaysthenewNestHubwillcreatereportseachweekthatshowhowlongandhowwellapersonsleeps.Itwillalsoshowiftheysnore,coughorwakeupoften.Thecompanysaiditstudied15,000peopleoverthecourseof110,000nightstodevelopthetechnology.Forpeoplewhowanttoknowmoreabouttheirsleep,thedevicesoundslikeagoodidea.But,peoplewhopayattentiontoprivacyareworriedwhatGooglemightdowiththeinformationitisgathering.JeffChesterisoneofthosepeople.HeisthedirectoroftheCenterforDigitalDemocracy.“Google’sgoalistomonetizeeverycellofyourbody,”hesaid.GooglerecentlyboughtFitBit,acompanythatmakesahealthtrackerpeoplecanwearontheirwrist.SometechnologyexpertsthinkGooglemayfindawayfortheNestHubtoworkwiththeFitBit.Googlesaysthesleeptrackerhasalotofprivacyprotections.Forexample,itwillonlyworkiftheuserturnsiton.Thecompanysaiditwillnotuseaperson’ssleepinformationtotrytoselladvertising.ButChestersaidheisnotsosurethatpromisewillbekept.1．WhichistrueabouttheGoogle’snewNestHub?A．It’sthefirstdevicetotrackpeople’ssleep.B．Ithassomefunctionsasahomeassistant.C．Itcanbeavailableforfreefortherestof2021.D．ItisthesameasahealthtrackerproducedbyFitBit.2．WhyaresomepeopleconcernedabouttheGoogle’snewproduct?A．Becauseprivateinformationmaybeletout.B．Becausethesleepingproblemscan’tbesolved.C．Becausesleepmaybeinterrupted.D．Becausesleepingreportsmaybecreatedeachweek.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?A．Makemoneyon.B．Keeptrackof.C．Takecareof.D．Giveaway.4．What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A．Google’sNewSoliB．Google’ssleepproblemsolverC．Google’sNewestNestHubD．ASleepTrackerPassage2（2022·吉林长春·模拟预测）Haveahardtimewakingupwhenit’scoldout?Scientistssayyourbrainistoblame.AstudyconductedbyscientistsfromNorthwesternUniversitymadeitpossibletooffersomeexplanationsforthisphenomenon.Theirstudyonfruitfliesshowshowseasonallycoldanddarkconditionscanprohibitneuronswithintheflybrainthatpromoteactivityandwakefulnessfromsendingoutsignals,particularlyinthemorning.Ithelpsexplainswhy,forbothfliesandhumans,itissohardtowakeupinthemorninginwinter.“Bystudyingbehaviorsinafruitfly,wecanbetterunderstandhowandwhytemperatureissovitalto学科网（北京）股份有限公司

11regulatesleep,”saidMarcoGallio,associateprofessorofneurobiologyintheWeinbergCollegeofArtsandSciences.Thestudydescribesforthefirsttime“absolutecold”receptorsintheflyantenna,whichrespondtotemperatureonlybelowthefly’s“comfortzone”ofabout25°C．Havingrecognizedthoseneurons,theresearchersfollowedthemallthewaytotheirtargetswithinthebrain.Theyfoundtheirtargetsareasmallgroupofbrainneuronsthatarepartofalargernetworkthatcontrolsrhythmsofactivityandsleep.Whentheneuronstheydiscoveredareactive,thetargetcells,whichnormallyaremadeactivebymorninglight,areshutdown.“Temperaturesensingisoneofthemostfundamentalabilities,”saidGallio,whosegroupisoneofonlyafewintheworldthataresystematicallystudyingtemperaturesensinginfruitflies.“Theprincipleswearefindingintheflybrain,thelogicandorganization,maybethesameallthewaytohumans.Andfuturestudiesonhumanbrainwillsurelyfindsomereferenceinformationinthisstudy.”5．Whyisithardforfliestowakeupincoldmornings?A．Coldconditionsdisabletheantennasofflies.B．Flicshavefewerneuronsinthebrainthanhumans.C．Coldnessstopsflies’neuronsfromfunctioningwell.D．Flies’neuronscontrollingwakefulnessaredamaged.6．Whatdoweknowaboutthestudy?A．Itfocusesmainlyonhowflybrainswork.B．Ithelpsexplainhowtemperatureaffectssleep.C．Itaimsatsolvinghumans’sleepingproblems.D．Itshowsthesimilaritiesbetweenflybrainsandhumanbrains.7．Whichpartofafruitflywillbemadeactivewhenitiscold?A．Itsantenna.B．Itstargetcells.C．Its“absolutecold”receptors.D．Itsnetworkcontrollingsleep.8．What’sGallio’sattitudetowardsthepracticalvalueofthefindings?A．Positive.B．Doubtful.C．Ambiguous.D．Disappointed.Passage3（2022·吉林长春·模拟预测）NewYork-basedEcovativehasbeencreatingenvironmentallyfriendlypackagingmadefrommushroomsandagriculturalwastesince2009.Now,thecompanywantstobringtheiramazingmaterialintohomesandofficeswithanewlineofcompostable(可堆肥的)furnishingsthataregrownusingjustthreematerials:mycelium(thevegetativepartofmushrooms),hemp(麻类植物),andsalt.Whilecreatinghardmaterialfrommushroomsmightsoundmagical,thecompany’sCEOEbenBayersaysitisarelativelylow-techprocessandcomparesitto“makingbread”.Thecompanybeginsbyaddingafewmyceliumcellstodamphemporotheragriculturalwaste.Themyceliumthatgrowslikelittlehairsisallowedtotwistwiththewasteuntileverythingis”glued“together.Thecombinationisthenmixedagainandplacedintothedesiredmold(模具)whereitcontinuestogrowandharden.Theresultingmaterialisthenbakedintheoven.Inadditiontomakingitasstrongaswood,theheatalsokillsthemycelium,thusgivingthecompostablematerialasimilarshelflifetowood.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

12Also,thoughthetabletopsofthestylishTaflandKing’stablesreleasedattherecentlyheldBiofabricate2016conferenceinNewYorkCityresemblemarble,theyarefarfromit.TheperfectlycarvedblocksaremadeofamaterialgrownbyaNorthCarolina-basedcompanynamedbioMASONusinggrainsofsandsandbacteria.Asyouhaveprobablyguessed,thiswaste-freefurnituredoesnotcomecheap.Customerscanexpecttopayanywherefrom$249USDfortheTaflto$699USDfortheKing’stable,bothofwhichareonlyavailableinlimitedquantities.ThosethatcannotaffordthosepricescanchoosecheaperGIY(growityourself)onesmadeofvariousproductsrangingfromChristmastreedecorationstolampshades.9．WhydidEbencomparemakinghardmaterialstomakingbread?A．Theirrawmaterialsarethesame.B．Theirproductappearancesarealike.C．Theirproductionprocessesaresimple.D．Theirproductioncostsarerelativelylow.10．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Themethodofmakingmushroomshard.B．Howtomakemushroomfurniturematerials.C．Whatareneededtomakemushroomfurniture.D．Thedifficultiesofmakingmushroomfurniture.11．WhatcanwelearnaboutTaflandKing’stables?A．Theyareinlimitedsupply.B．TheyareofferedinGIYforms.C．Theyconsistmainlyofmarble.D．TheyaredesignedbybioMASON.12．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheInventionofNewKindsofFurnitureB．TheFirstSaleofFurnitureMadeofMushroomsC．ScientistsFoundNewMaterialtoMakeFurnitureD．FutureFurnitureMayBeGrownfromMushroomsPassage4（2022·河南安阳·模拟预测）Insteadofahumandeliveryman,BeijingresidentXiaoWeireceivedhisonlineorderfordailynecessitiesinlessthan30minutesfromanunmanneddeliveryvehicle.Thefour-wheeledvehiclenamed“magicbag”is1.56metershigh,2.77meterslong,and1.19meterswide.Weighing500kg,itcancarryabout100kgofgoodsatatimeandrunadistanceof100kmonasinglechargewithamaximumtravelingspeedof20kph.AftercustomersplaceordersontheMeituanapp,anintelligentdistributionsystemwillassignorderstothoseautonomousvehicles,whichwillpickupanddelivergoodstopick-upstationsatthefinaldestinations.Customerscancollectthedeliveryfromthestationswithoutanyhumancontactduringthewholeprocess,saidMeituanDianping,China’smajoronlinefooddeliveryplatform.“Icancheckthereal-timerouteofthedriverlessvehicle.Itisfast,convenientandsafeaswell,”saidXiao.“ThisisalsothefirsttimethatMeituanhasusedunmannedvehiclestocompletedeliveryordersonopenroads.”Meanwhile,accordingtoMeituan,dailysalesonitsretailgroceryserviceapphaveincreasedby200to300percentinBeijingcomparedtofiguresfrombeforetheepidemic.Thecatering（餐饮）chainbrandXiaohengDumplingshascooperatedwithanunmannedvehicleenterprisetopilotunmannedvehicledeliveryservicesinBeijing.LiHeng,thefounderofXiaohengDumplings,believesunmanneddeliveryisthefutureoftheindustryasitiscleaner,saferandmoreefficient.“Anunmannedvehicle学科网（北京）股份有限公司

13candeliver300to400mealsaday,whileadeliverymancanonlydeliverdozensofmeals,”Lisaid.Xiaoheng’sunmannedvehicleshaveaheatpreservationfunction.Anewtypeofvehiclewithafreezingfunctionwillbeintroducedinthefuturetodeliverfrozenfood.MeituanandXiaohengwillcontinuetheunmanneddeliveryserviceinthefuture.Morevarietiesofgoods,includingfood,medicine,anddailynecessities,willbeaddedtosuchdeliveryservices.13．WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A．Theoriginofdriverlessdeliveryvehicles.B．Theintroductionofdriverlessdeliveryvehicles.C．Thereasonforusingdriverlessdeliveryvehicles.D．Thebackgroundofcreatingdriverlessdeliveryvehicles.14．Whatarecustomersrequiredtodotoplaceorders?A．Contactthefooddeliveryplatform.B．Collectgroceriesatthepick-upstation.C．DownloadaMeituanapp.D．Trackthereal-timerouteofthevehicle.15．WhatisLiHeng’sattitudetowardsunmanneddeliveryvehicles?A．Favorable.B．Suspicious.C．Cautious.D．Indifferent.16．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Driverlessvehicleshavebeeninoperationinmanycities.B．Moretypesofgoodswillbedeliveredbydriverlessvehicles.C．Driverlessvehiclescanhandgoodstothecustomersdirectly.D．Meituanisexperiencingahugelaborshortageofdelivering.Passage5（2022·福建厦门·模拟预测）Ourplanetishometomanyradioactivesubstances-notjustinisgeologicinnardsbutalsoinitshospitals,atitsindustrialsitesandinitsfoodprocessingplants.InColorado,forinstance,27buildingshousescary-soundingchemicalelementssuchascesium137andcobalt60.Thesematerialsarenotthereforriskypurposes,though.Theyplayapartincancertreatment,bloodirradiation,medicalandfoodsterilization,structureandequipmenttesting,geologicexploration,etc.Theradioactivematerialisnotalwaysbadinablackand-whiteway:itcanbeausefultool.Theraysgivenoffbycesiumandcobaltcankillgermsmultiplyinginyourmeatandmakeyourappleslastlonger.Radiographicinstrumentscandetect,say,cracksinacity’spipesinasimilarwaytoanx-raypickingupahairlinefractureinyourknee.Apracticecalled“welllogging”usessealedradioactivesourcestomapthegeologyofholesoilseekersdrillintotheearth.Andofcourse,radiationiskeytocancertreatment.Theriskarisesbecausethesameradioactivematerialthatisbeneficialcouldalsobestolenormisplacedandfinditswayintotraffickingringsordirtybombs.Itmightalsobarnworkersifsomethingaccidentallygoeswrongduringanormalnine-to-fiveday.In2017alone,accordingtoareportfromtheJamesMartinCenterforNonproliferationStudies,therewere171“incidentsofnuclearorotherradioactivematerialsoutsideofregulatorycontrol”basedonopensourcereports,104ofwhichhappenedintheU.S.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

14AninitiativecalledRadSecure100waslaunchedtoremoveandbettersecureenergeticmaterialin100U.S.cities.“Whereisthemosthigh-riskmateriallocatedaroundthemostpeople?”saysEmilyAdams,deputydirectorofadomesticprogramintheOfficeofRadiologicalSecurity.“Andthat’showwegotour100.”17．Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinparagraph1?A．Radioactivesubstancescanwarmourplanet.B．Foodprocessingdoesharmtoworkersinplants.C．Theradioactivematerialisbasicallyeverywhere.D．It’shardtoremovescary-soundingelementsinbuildings.18．Whydoestheauthormention“welllogging”inparagraph2?A．Tomakeasummary.B．Toraiseaquestion.C．Toprovideacontrast.D．Tosupportanidea.19．WhatisRadSecure100intendedfor?A．Makinguseofenergeticsubstances.B．Ensuringsafetyoftheradioactivematerial.C．Warningpeopleofthemosthigh-riskmaterialD．ProtectingtheOfficeofRadiologicalSecurity.20．Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardstheradioactivematerial?A．Pessimistic.B．Objective.C．Disapproval.D．Carefree.Passage6（2022·安徽·合肥市第八中学模拟预测）Weareaculturedrowninginourpossessions.Wetakeinmoreandmore(holiday,birthdays,sales,needs),butrarelyfindanopportunitytogetridofit.Asaresult,ourhomesfillupwithsomuchstuff.Andbecausewebelievethebestsolutionistofindorganizationaltoolstomanageallofit,weseekoutbiggercontainersormoreefficientorganizationaltipsandtricks.Butsimplyorganizingourstuffmustberepeatedoverandover.Atitsheart,organizingissimplyrearranging.Andthoughwemayfindstoragesolutionstoday,wearequicklyforcedtofindnewonesasearlyastomorrow.Additionally,organizinghassomeothermajorshortcomingsthatarerarelyconsidered.Forexample,itdoesn’tbenefitanyoneelse.Thepossessionswerarelyusesitonshelvesinourbasementsorgarages,evenwhilesomeofourclosestfriendsdesperatelyneedthem.Ontheotherhand,theactofgettingridofstufffromourhomeaccomplishesmanypurposes.Itisnotatemporarysolution.Itisanactionofpermanence—onceanitemhasbeenremoved,itisremovedcompletely.Whetherwere-sellourpossessions,donatethemtocharity,orgivethemtoafriend,theyareimmediatelyputtousebythosewhoneedthem.Removingpossessionsbeginstoturnbackourdesireformoreaswefindfreedomandhappinessinowningless.Andremovingourselvesfromtheall-consumingdesiretoownmorecreatesopportunitiesforsignificantlifechangestotakeplace.Ifyou’restrugglingwithhowtogetridofstuff,youcanfirstchallengeyourselftoremovetheunneededthingsinyourhome,carryatrashbagfromroom-to-room,seehowbigofadonationpileyoucanmake,andeveneliminatedebtbysellingwhatyounolongerneed.Itdoesn’tmatterhowyouremovethem,foritisfarbettertoremovethantoalwaysorganize.21．Whatistheproblemwithsimplyorganizingstuff?学科网（北京）股份有限公司

15A．Fewtoolsandtricksareavailable.B．Itneedstoberepeatedveryoften.C．Peoplecannotsavemoneybyorganizing.D．Desiretobuymoredisappearsbyorganizing.22．Howcanweremoveunnecessarypossessions?A．Byresellingthemtoothers.B．Bykeepingthemintrashbags.C．Bystoringtheminthegarage.D．Bypilingthemontheshelves.23．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eliminate”meaninParagraph5?A．getridofB．getoverC．addtoD．takechargeof24．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Toexplaintheadvantagesanddisadvantagesoforganizingthings.B．Toinformreadersofthewaystogetridofunnecessarypossessions.C．Tocallforpeopletoremovestuffinsteadofjustorganizing.D．Toappealtopeopletomakedonationstopeopleinneed.1.【2022年6月全国甲卷D篇】Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then,oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortofthere—broadparks,superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.Ispentthewholemorningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshutdowntheengine,andwewentourseparateways—heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.“I’llmisstheseoldboats,”hesaidasweparted.“Howdoyoumean?”Iasked.“Oh,they’rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey’renotsoelegant,andthey’renotfuntopilot.Butthat’sprogress,Iguess.”EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords(口号),andtraditionsareincreasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity’sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.“Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself,”shesaid.“Wecan’tseemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.It’saconflictthatwearen’tgettinganybetteratresolving(解决).”Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.“Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry,”hetoldme.“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,brought2000yearsoftheirculture,theGreekssome3000years,andtheChinesemorestill.We’vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It’saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”Heisright,butIcan’thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

1632.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Sydney’sstrikingarchitecture.B.TheculturaldiversityofSydney.C.ThekeytoSydney’sdevelopment.D.Sydney’stouristattractionsinthe1960s.33.WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewReynolds?A.Hegoestoworkbyboat.B.Helooksforwardtoanewlife.C.Hepilotscatamaranswell.D.Heisattachedtotheoldferries.34.WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?A.Itislosingitstraditions.B.Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation.D.Itisbecomingmoreinternational.35.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.C.Modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.D.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.2.【2021全国甲卷C篇】WhenIwas9,wepackedupourhomeinLosAngelesandarrivedatHeathrow,LondononagrayJanuarymorning.Everyoneinthefamilysettledquicklyintothecityexceptme.Withoutmybelovedbeachesandendlessblue-skydays,Ifeltatalossandoutofplace.UntilImadeadiscovery.Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,wherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite:Safe.Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon'tworryaboutit.Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam（橫杆）,Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand,andTobycameover,helpingmeup:Safe,man.Safe.Afewminuteslater,whenIlandedthetrick,myfriendsbeattheirboardsloud,shouting: "Safe!Safe!Safe!"  Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.WhenIwas15,myfamilymovedtoWashington.Itriedskateboardingthere,butthelocalswerefarlesswelcoming.Withinacoupleofyears,I'dgivenitup.WhenIreturnedtoLondonin2004,IfoundmyselfwanderingdowntoSouthbank,spendinghoursthere.I'vetraveledbackseveraltimessince,mostrecentlythispastspring.Thedaywascoldbutclear;touristsandLondonersstoppedtowatchtheskaters.Weaving（穿梭）amongthekidswhorushedbyontheirboards,Ifoundmywaytothebeam.Thenarail-thinteenager,inabaggywhiteT-shirt,skidded（滑）uptothebeam.Hesatnexttome.Heseemednottonoticethemannexttohim.ButsoonIcaughtafewofhisglances."Iwasalocalhere20yearsago,"Itoldhim.Then,slowly,hebegantonodhishead."Safe,man.Safe.”"Yeah,"Isaid.“Safe."1.WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorsoonafterhemovedtoLondon?A.Hefeltdisappointed.B.Hegaveuphishobby.C.Helikedtheweatherthere.D.Hehaddisagreementswithhisfamily.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

172.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"Safe!Safe!Safe!"probablymean?A.Becareful!B.Welldone!C.Noway!D.Don'tworry.3.WhydidtheauthorliketospendtimeinSouthbankwhenhereturnedtoLondon?A.Tojointheskateboarding.B.Tomakenewfriends.C.Tolearnnewtricks.D.Torelievehischildhooddays.4.Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinthetext?A.Childrenshouldlearnasecondlanguage.B.Sportisnecessaryforchildren'shealth.C.Childrenneedasenseofbelonging.D.Seeingtheworldismustforchildren.3.（2020·江苏卷，D）IwasinthemiddleoftheAmazon(亚马逊)withmywife,whowasthereasamedicalresearcher.Weflewonasmallplanetoafarawayvillage.Wedidnotspeakthelocallanguage,didnotknowthecustoms,andmoreoftenthannot,didnotentirelyrecognizethefood.Wecouldnothavefeltmoreforeign.Wewereraisedonbooksandcomputers,highwaysandcellphones,butnowwewerelivinginavillagewithoutrunningwaterorelectricityItwaseasyforustogotosleepattheendofthedayfeelingalittlemisunderstood.ThenoneperfectAmazonianevening,withmonkeyscallingfrombeyondthevillagegreen,weplayedsoccer.Iamnotgoodatsoccer,butthateveningitwaswonderful.Everyoneknewtherules.Weallspokethesamelanguageofpassesandshots.Weunderstoodoneanotherperfectly.Asdarknesscameoverthefieldandthematchended,thegoalkeeper,Juan,walkedovertomeandsaidinamatter-of-factway,“Inyourhome,doyouhaveamoontoo?”Iwassurprised.AfterIexplainedtoJuanthatyes,wedidhaveamoonandyes,itwasverysimilartohis,Ifeltasortofawe(敬畏)atthepossibilitiesthatexistedinhisworld.InJuan’sworld,eachvillagecouldhaveitsownmoon.InJuan’sworld.theunknownandundiscoveredwasvastandmarvelous.Anythingwaspossible.Inoursociety,weknowthatEarthhasonlyonemoon.Wehavelookedatourplanetfromeveryangleandfoundallofthewildestthingslefttofind.Ican,frommycomputerathome,pullupsatelliteimagesofJuan’svillage.Therearenomorecontinentsandnomoremoonstosearchfor,littlelefttodiscover.Atleastitseemsthatway.Yet,asIthoughtaboutJuan’squestion,Iwasnotsurehowmuchmorewecouldreallyruleout.Iam,inpart,anantbiologist,somythoughtsturnedtowhatweknowaboutinsectlifeandIknewthatmuchintheworldofinsectsremainsunknown.Howmuch,though?Howignorant(无知的)arewe?Thequestionofwhatweknowanddonotknowconstantlybotheredme.Ibegancollectingnewspaperarticlesaboutnewspecies,newmonkey,newspider…,andonandontheyappear.Mydrawerquicklyfilled.Ibeganaseconddrawerformoregeneraldiscoveries:newcavesystemdiscoveredwithdozensofnamelessspecies,fourhundredspeciesofbacteriafoundinthehumanstomach.TheseconddrawerbegantofillandasitdidIwonderedwhethertherewerebiggerdiscoveriesoutthere,notjust学科网（北京）股份有限公司

18species,butlifethatdependsonthingsthoughttobeuseless,lifeevenwithoutDNA.Istartedathirddrawerforthesebigdiscoveries.Itfillsmoreslowly,butallthesame,itfills.Inlookingintothestoriesofbiologicaldiscovery,Ialsobegantofindsomethingelse,acollectionofscientists,usuallybrilliantoccasionallyhalf-mad,whomadethediscoveries.Thosescientistsveryoftenseethesamethingsthatotherscientistssee,buttheypaymoreattentiontothem,andtheyfocusonthemtothepointofexhaustion(穷尽),andattheriskoftheridiculeoftheirpeers.Inlookingforthestoriesofdiscovery,Ifoundthestoriesofthesepeopleandhowtheirliveschangedourviewoftheworld.Wearerepeatedlywillingtoimaginewehavefoundmostofwhatislefttodiscover.Weusedtothinkthatinsectswerethesmallestorganisms(生物),andthatnothingliveddeeperthansixhundredmeters.Yet,whensomethingnewturnsup,moreoftenthannot,wedonotevenknowitsname.1.HowdidtheauthorfeelonhisarrivalintheAmazon?A.Outofplace.B.Fullofjoy.C.Sleepy.D.Regretful.2.WhatmadethatAmazonianeveningwonderful?A.Helearnedmoreaboutthelocallanguage.B.Theyhadaniceconversationwitheachother.C.Theyunderstoodeachotherwhileplaying.D.Hewonthesoccergamewiththegoalkeeper.3.WhywastheauthorsurprisedatJuan’squestionaboutthemoon?A.Thequestionwastoostraightforward.B.Juanknewsolittleabouttheworld.C.Theauthordidn’tknowhowtoanswer.D.Theauthordidn’tthinkJuanwassincere.4.Whatwastheauthor’sinitialpurposeofcollectingnewspaperarticles?A.Tosortoutwhatwehaveknown.B.TodeepenhisresearchintoAmazonians.C.Toimprovehisreputationasabiologist.D.Tolearnmoreaboutlocalcultures.5.Howdidthosebrilliantscientistsmakegreatdiscoveries?A.Theyshiftedtheirviewpointsfrequently.B.Theyfollowedotherscientistsclosely.C.Theyoftencriticizedtheirfellowscientists.D.Theyconductedin-depthandclosestudies.6.Whatcouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.ThePossibleandtheImpossible.B.TheKnownandtheUnknown.C.TheCivilizedandtheUncivilized.D.TheIgnorantandtheIntelligent.4.（2020·天津卷，B）“Theytellmethatyou’dliketomakeastatue(塑像)ofme-isthatcorrect,MissVinnieReam?”Thedeep,gentlevoicehelpedcalmthenervousgirl.AskingafavorofthePresidentoftheUnitedStateswas学科网（北京）股份有限公司

19nocasualmatter,especiallyforaseventeen-year-oldgirl.“Yes,sir,”shereplied,herdarkeyesmeetinghis.“Iwouldn’thaveduoaskyou,butmyteacher,Mr.Mills,saysIamready.Iplantomakeitinanadmirablemanner.“PresidentLincolnsmiled.“Painters,sculptors-they’vealltriedtomakethebestofthisordinaryface,butI’mafraidthere’snotmuchhope.Whatdidyouhaveinmind,MissReam?Abust(半身像)?”BeforeVinniecouldsayyes,thePresidenthurriedon,ashadeofapologyinhisvoice.“Ofcourse-Ishouldn’thaveasked.Afull-lengthposewouldbemuchtoobigaprojectforayoungwomanyoursize.“Vinnie’sfaceturnedred.Sherealizedshelookedlikeachild,withhertinyfigure.“Smalldoesnotmeanweak,sir,”shedefendedherself.“IwasborninthecountryofWisconsin.I’vedriventeamsofhorsesandcarriedwater.Makingafull-lengthclay(粘土)figurewouldnotexhaustmystrength-andthatiswhatIintendtodo!”ThePresident’seyes,brightenedathershowofspirit.“Sorry,madam,IhaveunderestimatedyouasIdidn’tknowyourbackground.”Buthissmilefadedasherubbedhisbeardwithbonyfingers,inthought.“MissReam,”hesighed,“I’dliketoletyoudoit,butasyouknow,weareinthemiddleofawar.HowcouldIpossiblytakethetimetoposeforasculpturenow?Ihardlyhaveaminutetomyself.”Vinnieglancedaroundandnotedthesizeofhisoffice.“Iworkquickly,”shesaid.Hervoicewassoftbutconfidentasshepointedtothecornernearthewindows.“IfIweretobringmyclayhereandworkforthreehourseveryafternoon,Icouldcompletemostoftheprojectwhileyouareatyourdesk.”ThePresidentseemedtoconsiderherideaseriously.HegotupandshookVinnie’shandwarmly,“I’veheardthatyouareatalentedyoungwoman,andIhavefoundyoucharmingandintelligentaswell.Icannotmakemydecisionimmediately,butyouwillhearfrommesoon.”Theverynextday,VinniereceivedaninvitationfromthePresident.1.WhatgaveVinnieconfidencetomakeherrequestofPresidentLincoln?A.Heraggressivepersonality.B.Mr.Mills’sencouragingremark.C.PresidentLincoln’sgentlevoice.D.Herinterestinachallengingjob.2.HowdidPresidentLincolnfirstrespondtoVinnie’srequest?A.Pleased.B.Thrilled.C.Regretful.D.Doubtful.3.Vinnieconfirmedherabilitytomakeafull-lengthstatuebyhighlighting______.A.herexperiencefromotherprojectsB.herinnocentchildhoodinthecountryC.theheavylaborshehaddonebeforeD.theskillshepickedupinWisconsin4.Vinniewantedtochoosethecornernearthewindowsto______.A.achieveeffectsofnaturallightingB.keepallhertoolswithineasyreachC.observethePresidentatarightangleD.avoiddisturbingthepresident’swork5.Whatmessagedoesthestoryconvey?A.Astrong-willedsoulcanreachhisgoal.学科网（北京）股份有限公司

20B.Experiencehelpstopromoteexcellence.C.Upsanddownsmakeonestrong.D.Devotionrequiresenthusiasm.学科网（北京）股份有限公司