广外英专考研同义词

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abase[E5beis]v.[abased;abased;abasing]lower;degrade;humiliateAnnaexpectedtohavetocurtsytotheKingofSiam;whentoldtocastherselfdownonthegroundbeforehim,howeversherefusedtoabaseherself.abash[eslaf]v.[abashed;abashed;abashing]embarrassHewasnotatallabashedbyheropenadmiration.abate[E5beit]v.[abated;abated;abating]subsideormoderateRatherthanleavingimmediately,theywaitedforthestormtoabate.abbreviate[E5bri：vieit]v.[abbreviated;abbreviated;abbreviating]shortenBecausewewererunningoutoftime,thelecturerhadtoabbreviateherspeech.abdicate[/kbdi5keit]v.[abdicated;abdicated;abdicating]renounce;giveupWhenEdwardVIIabdicatedtheBritishthrone,hesurprisedtheentireworld.aberrant[ASberEnt]adj.abnormalordeviantGiventheaberrantnatureofthedata,wecametodoubtthevalidityoftheentireexperiment.abet[E5bet]v.[abetted;abetted;abetting]assist,usuallyindoingsomethingwrongShewasunwillingtoabethimintheswindlehehadplanned.abeyance[E5beiEns]n.suspendedactionThedealwasheldinabeyanceuntilherarrival.abject[5AbdVekt]adj.wretched;lackingprideOnthestreetsofNewYorkthehomelessliveinabjectpoverty,huddlingindoorwaystofindshelterfromthewind.abjure[EbSdVuE]v.[abjured;abjured;abjuring]renounceuponoathHeabjuredhisallegiancetotheking.ablution[E5blu:FEn]n.washingHisdailyablutionswereaccompaniedbyloudnoisesthathehumorouslylabeled"OperaintheBath."abnegation[Abni5geiFEn]n.renunciation;self-sacrificeThoughRudolphandDuchessFlavialovedoneanother,theirlovewasdoomed,forshehadtowedtheking;theiractofabnegationwasnecessarytopreservethekingdom.abominate[E5bRmineit]v.[abominated;abominated;abominating]loathe;hateMosesscoldedtheidolworshippersinthetribebecauseheabominatedthecustom.abortive[E5bRrtiv]

1adj.unsuccessful;fruitlessWehadtoabandonourabortiveattempts.abrasive[E5breisiv]adj.rubbingaway;tendingtogrinddownJustasabrasivecleaningpowderscanwearawayashinyfinish,abrasiveremarkscanwearawayalistener'spatience.abrogate[SAbrEugeit]v.[abrogated;abrogated;abrogating]abolishHeintendedtoabrogatethedecreeissuedbyhispredecessor.abscond[Eb5skRnd]v.[absconded;absconded;absconding]departsecretlyandhideThetellerabscondedwiththebondsandwasnotfound.absolute[5AbsEiu：t]adj.complete;totallyunlimited;certainAlthoughtheKingofSiamwasanabsolutemonarch,hedidnotwanttobeheadhisunfaithfulwifewithoutabsoluteevidenceofherinfidelity.absolve[Eb5zRiv]v.[absolved;absolved;absolving]pardon(anoffense)Thefatherconfessorabsolvedhimofhissins.abstain[Eb5stein]v.[abstained;abstained;abstaining]refrain;withholdfromparticipationAfterconsideringtheeffectofalcoholonhisathleticperformance,hedecidedtoabstainfromdrinkingwhilehetrainedfortherace.abstract[5AbstrAkt]adj.[moreabstract;mostabstract]theoretical;notconcrete;non-representationalTohim,hungerwasanabstractconcept;hehadnevermissedameal.abusive[E5bju：siv]adj.coarselyinsulting;physicallyharmfulAnabusiveparentdamagesachildbothmentallyandphysically.abut[E5bQt]v.[abutted;abutted;abutting]borderupon;adjoinWhereourestatesabut,wemustbuildafence.abysmal[E5bizmi]adj.bottomlessHisarroganceisexceededonlybyhisabysmalignorance.accede[Ak5si：d]v.[acceded;acceded;acceding]agreeIfIaccedetothisdemandforblackmail,IamafraidthatIwillbethevictimoffuturedemands.accelerate[Ak5seiEreit]v.[accelerated;accelerated;accelerating]movefasterInourscienceclass,welearnhowfallingbodiesaccelerate.

2accessible[Ak5sesEbi]adj.easytoapproach;obtainableWeaskedourguidewhethertheruinswereaccessibleonfoot.accessory[Ak5sesEri]n.[accessories]additionalobject;usefulbutnotessentialthingSheboughtanattractivehandbagasanaccessoryforherdress.acclimate[E5klaimit]v.[acclimated;acclimated;acclimating]adjusttoclimateorenvironmentOneofthedifficultiesofourpresentairageistheneedoftravellerstoacclimatethemselvestotheirnewandoftenstrangeenvironments.acclivity[E5kliviti]n.[acclivities]sharpupslopeofahillThecarcouldnotgouptheacclivityinhighgear.accolade[AkE5ieid]n.awardofmeritInHollywood,an"Oscar"isthehighestaccolade.accord[E5kR:d]n.[accords]agreementShewasincompleteaccordwiththeverdict.accost[E5kRst]v.[accosted;accosted;accosting]approachandspeakfirsttoapersonWhenthetwoyoungmenaccostedme,IwasfrightenedbecauseIthoughttheyweregoingtoattackme.accoutre[E5ku：tE]v.equipThefishermanwasaccoutredwiththebestthatthesportinggoodsstorecouldsupplyaccretion[A5kri：FEn]n.growth;increaseTheaccretionofwealthmarkedthefamily'sriseinpower.accrue[E5kru:]v.[accrued;accrued;accruing]comeaboutbyadditionYoumustpaytheinterestthathasaccruedonyourdebtaswellastheprincipalsum.acidulous[E5sidjulEs]adj.slightlysour;sharp;causticJameswasunpopularbecauseofhissarcasticandacidulousremarks.acme[5Akmi]n.peak;pinnacle;highestpointWelles*ssuccessinCitizenKanemarkedtheacmeofhiscareerasanactor;neveragaindidheachievesuchpopularacclaim.acquiesce[Akwi5es]v.[acquiesced;acquiesced;acquiescing]assent;agreepassivelyAlthoughsheappearedtoacquiescetoheremployer'ssuggestions,Icouldtellshehad

3reservationsaboutthechangeshewantedmade.acquittal[ESkwiti]n.[acquittals]deliverancefromachargeHisacquittalbythejurysurprisedthosewhohadthoughthimguilty.acrid[5Akrid]adj.sharp;bitterlypungentTheacridodorofburntgunpowderfilledtheroomafterthepistolhadbeenfired.acrimonious[Akri5mEuniEs]adj.stinging,causticHistendencytoutteracrimoniousremarksalienatedhisaudience.actuarial[AktFu5ZEriEl]adj.calculating;pertainingtoinsurancestatisticsAccordingtorecentactuarialtables,lifeexpectancyisgreatertodaythanitwasacenturyago.actuate[5AktFueit]v.[actuated;actuated;actuating]motivateIfailtounderstandwhatactuatedyoutoreplytothislettersonastily.acuity[E5kjuiti]n.sharpnessIntimehisyouthfulacuityofvisionfailedhim,andheneededglasses.acumen[E5kju:mEn]n.mentalkeennessHisbusinessacumenhelpedhimtosucceedwhereothershadfailed.adage[5Adidv]v.wisesaying;proverbThereismuchtruthintheoldadageaboutfoolsandtheirmoney.adamant[5AdEmEnt]adj.hard,inflexibleHewasadamantinhisdeterminationtopunishthewrongdoer.addendum[E5dendEm]n.[addenda,addendums]addition;appendixtobookJane*seditorapprovedhernewcomparativeliteraturetextbutthoughtitwouldbeevenbetterwithanaddendumonrecentdevelopmentsinliterarycriticism.addle[5Adi]v.[addled;addled;addling]muddle;drivecrazyThisidioticplanisconfusingenoughtoaddleanyone.adherent[EdShiErEnt]n.[adherents]supporter;followerInthewakeofthescandal,thesenator'sone-timeadherentquietlydesertedhim.adjunct[5AdVQNkt]n.somethingattachedtobutholdinganinferiorpositionIwillentertainthisconceptasanadjuncttothemainproposal.

4adjuration[AdVuE5reiFEn]n.solemnurgingHeradjurationtotellthetruthdidnotchangethewitnesses*testimony.adjutant[5AdVutEnt]n.staffofficerassistingthecommander;assistantThoughWellingtondelegatedmanytaskstohischiefadjutant,LordFitzroySomerset,Somersetwasinnodoubtastowhomadeallmajordecisions.admonish[Ed5mRniF]v.[admonished;admonished;admonishing]warn;reproveHeadmonishedhislistenerstochangetheirwickedways.adorn[E5dR：n]v.[adorned;adorned;adorning]decorateWallpaintingsandcarvedstatuesadornedthetemple.adroit[E5drRit]adj.skillfulHisadroithandlingofthedelicatesituationpleasedhisemployers.adulation[Adju51eiFEn]n.flattery;admirationTherockstarthrivedontheadulationofhisgroupiesandyes-men.adulterate[E5dQitEreit]v.[adulterated;adulterated;adulterating]makeimpurebymixingwithbasersubstancesItisacrimetoadulteratefoodswithoutinformingthebuyer.advent[5AdvEnt]n.arrivalMostAmericanswereunawareoftheadventoftheNuclearAgeuntilthenewsofHiroshimareachedthem.adventitious[AdvenStiFEs]adj.accidental;casualHefoundthisadventitiousmeetingwithhisfriendextremelyfortunate.adversary[5AdvEsEri]n.[adversaries]opponent;enemyBatmanstruggledtosaveGothamCityfromthemachinationsofhiswickedadversary,theJoker.adverse[5AdvE：s]adj.unfavorable;hostileadversecircumstancescompelledhimtoclosehisbusiness.

5adversity[Ed5vE：siti]n.[adversities]poverty,misfortuneWemustlearntomeetadversitygracefully.advert[5AdvE：t]v.[adverted;adverted;adverting]refertoSinceyouadverttothismattersofrequently,youmustregarditasimportantadvocate[5AdvEkit]v.urge;pleadforTheabolitionistsadvocatedfreedomfortheslaves.aegis[5i：dvis]n.shield;defenseUndertheaegisoftheBillofRights,weenjoyourmosttreasuredfreedoms.affable[5AfEbi]adj.courteousAlthoughheheldapositionofresponsibility,hewasanaffableindividualandcouldbereachedbyanyonewithacomplaint.affected[E5fektid]adj.artificial;pretendedHisaffectedmannerismsirritatedmayofuswhohadknownhimbeforehispromotion.affidavit[Afi5deivit]n.writtenstatementmadeunderoathThecourtrefusedtoaccepthisstatementunlesshepresenteditintheformofanaffidavit.affiliation[Efili5eiFEn]n.joining;associatingwithHisaffiliationwiththepoliticalpartywasofshortdurationforhesoondisagreedwithhiscolleagues.affinity[E5finiti]n.[affinities]kinshipShefeltanaffinitywithallwhosuffered;theirpainswereherpains.affirmation[AfE5meiFEn]n.positiveassertion;confirmation;solemnpledgebyonewhorefusestotakeanoathDespiteTom'saffirmationofinnocence,AuntPollystillsuspectedhehadeatenthepie.affix[E5fiks]v.[affixed;affixed;affixing]attachoraddon;fastenFirsttheregistrarhadtoaffixhissignaturetothelicense;thenhehadtoaffixhisofficialseal.affluence[5AfiuEns]n.abundance;wealthForeignersareamazedbytheaffluenceandluxuryoftheAmericanwayoflife.affront[E5frQnt]v.[affronted;affronted;affronting]insult;offendAccustomedtobeingtreatedwithrespect,MissChailonerwasaffrontedbyVidal's

6offensivebehavior.agape[E5geip]adv.openmouthedShestared,agape,atthemanystrangeanimalsinthezoo.agenda[ESdvendE]n.itemsofbusinessatameetingWehadsomuchdifficultyagreeinguponanagendathattherewasverylittletimeforthemeeting.agglomeration[EglRmE5reiFEn]n.collection;heapIttookweekstoassorttheagglomerationofmiscellaneousitemsshehadcollectedonhertrip.aggrandize[E5grAndaiz]v.[aggrandized;aggrandized;aggrandizing]increaseorintensify;raiseinpower,wealth,rankorhonorThehistoryofthepastquartercenturyillustrateshowaPresidentmayaggrandizehispowertoactaggressivelyininternationalaffairswithoutconsideringthewishesofCongress.aggregate[5Agrigeit]n.sum;totalTheaggregatewealthofthiscountryisstaggeringtotheimagination.aghast[E5ga：st]adj.horrifiedHewasaghastatthenerveofthespeakerwhohadinsultedhishost.agility[E5dviiEti]n.nimblenessTheagilityoftheacrobatamazedandthrilledtheaudience.agitate[5Adviteit]v.[agitated;agitated;agitating]stirup;disturbHerfieryremarksagitatedthealreadyangrymob.agnostic[Ag5nRstik]n.onewhoisskepticaloftheexistenceofknowabilityofagodoranyultimaterealityTheagnosticdemandedproofbeforeshewouldacceptthestatementoftheminister.agog[E5gRg]adj.highlyexcited;intenselycuriousWewereallagogatthenewsthatthecelebratedmoviestarwasgivinguphiscareerinordertoenteramonastery.agrarian[E5grZEriEn]adj.pertainingtolandoritscultivationAsaresultofitsrecentindustrialization,thecountryisgraduallylosingitsagrariantraditions.alacrity[ESiAkriti]n.cheerfulpromptnessHedemonstratedhiseagernesstoservebyhisalacrityinexecutingtheordersofhismaster.alchemy[5Aikimi]n.[alchemies]medievalchemistryThechangingofbasermetalsintogoldwasthegoalofthestudentsofalchemy.alCOVe[5AlkEuv]n.[alcoves]nook;recess

7Thoughtheirapartmentlackedafull-scalediningroom,analcoveadjacenttothelivingroommadeanadequatebreakfastnookfortheyoungcouple.alias[5eiliAs]n.[aliases]anassumednameJohnSmith'saliaswasBobJones.alienate[5eiljEneit]v.[alienated;alienated;alienating]makehostile;separateHerattemptstoalienatethetwofriendsfailedbecausetheyhadcompletefaithineachother.alimentary[Aii5mentEri]adj.supplyingnourishmentThealimentarycanalinourbodiesissonamedbecausedigestionoffoodsoccursthere.alimony[5AlimEni]n.paymentsmaketoanex-spouseafterdivorceBecauseTonyhadsupportedTinathroughmedicalschool,ontheirdivorceheaskedthecourttoawardhim$500amonthinalimony.allay[E5iei]v.[allayed;allayed;allaying]calm;pacifyThecrewtriedtoallaythefearsofthepassengersbyannouncingthatthefirehadbeencontrolled.allege[E5iedv]v.[alleged;alleged;alleging]statewithoutproofItisallegedthatshehadworkedfortheenemy.allegory[5AiigEri]n.[allegories]storyinwhichcharactersareusedassymbols;fablePilgrim'sProgressisanallegoryofthetemptationsandvictoriesofthehumansoul.alleviate[E5ii：vieit]v.[alleviated;alleviated;alleviating]relieveThisshouldalleviatethepain;ifitdoesnot,weshallhavetousestrongerdrugs.alliteration[EiitE5reiFEn]n.repetitionofbeginningsoundinpoetry"Thefurrowfollowedfree**isanexampleofalliteration.alloy[5AlRi,E51Ri]n.[alloys]mixtureasofmetalsalloyofgoldareusedmorefrequentlythanthepuremetal.allude[E51u：d]v.[alluded;alluded;alluding]referindirectlyTrynottoalludetothismatterinhispresencebecausethetopicannoyshim.allure[E51juE]v.[allured;allured;alluring]entice;attractalluredbythesongofthesirens,thehelmsmansteeredtheshiptowardthereef.allUSion[E51u:VEn]n.[allusions]indirectreference

8theallusionstomythologicalcharactersinMilton'spoemsbewilderthereaderwhohasnotstudiedLatin.alluvial[E51juvjEi]adj.pertainingtosoildepositsleftbyrunningwaterThefarmersfoundthealluvialdepositsatthemouthoftheriververyfertile.aloft[E51Rft]adv.upwardThesailorclimbedaloftintotherigging.aloof[E51u:f]ad.apart;reservedShybynature,sheremainedaloofwhilealltherestconversed.altercation[R:ltE5keiFEn]n.[altercations]noisyquarrelThroughoutthealtercation,notonesensiblewordwasuttered.altruistic[Altru5istik]adj.unselfishlygenerous;concernedforothersInprovidingtutorialassistanceandcollegescholarshipstohundredsofeconomicallydisadvantagedyouths,EugeneLangperformedatrulyaltruisticdeed.amalgamate[E5mAigEmeit]v.[amalgamated;amalgamated;amalgamating]combine;uniteinonebodyTheunionswillattempttoamalgamatetheirgroupsintoonenationalbody.amass[E5mAs]v.[amassed;amassed;amassing]collectThemiser'saimistoamassandhoardasmuchgoldaspossible.amazon[57\mEzEn]n.femalewarriorEversincethedaysofGreekmythologywerefertostrongandaggressivewomenasamazons.ambidextroUS[Ambi5dekstrEs]adj.capableofusingeitherhandwithequaleaseAswitch-hitterinbaseballshouldbenaturallyambidextrous.ambience[57kmbiEns]n.environment;atmosphereShewenttotherestaurantnotforthefoodbutfortheambience.ambiguous[7km5bigjuEs]adj.unclearordoubtfulinmeaningHisambiguousinstructionsmisledus;wedidnotknowwhichroadtotake.ambivalence[5Ambi5veilEns]n.thestateofhavingcontradictoryorconflictingemotionalattitudesTornbetweenlovingherparentsoneminuteandhatingthemthenext,shewasconfusedbytheambivalenceofherfeelings.amble[5Ambi]n.movingataneasypaceWhenshefirstmountedthehorse,shewasafraidtourgetheanimaltogofasterthanagentleamble.ambrosia[Am5brEuViE]n.foodofthegods

9ambrosiawassupposedtogiveimmortalitytoanyhumanwhoateit.ambulatory[5AmbjulEtEri]adj.abletowalkHewasdescribedasanambulatorypatientbecausehewasnotconfinedtohisbed.ameliorate[E5mi：1jEreit]v.[ameliorated;ameliorated;ameliorating]improveManysocialworkershaveattemptedtoamelioratetheconditionsofpeoplelivingintheslums.amenable[E5mi：nEbi]adj.readilymanaged;willingtobeledHewasamenabletoanysuggestionsthatcamefromthosehelookedupto;heresentedadvicefromhisinferiors.amend[E5mend]v.[amended;amended;amending]correct;change,generallyforthebetterHopingtoamendhiscondition,heleftVietnamfortheUnitedStates.amenities[]n.[amenities]convenientfeatures;courtesiesInadditiontothecustomaryamenitiesforthebusinesstraveler-faxmachines,modems,ahealthclub-thehotelofferstheservicesofabutlerversedinsocialamenities.amiable[5eimjEbi]adj.agreeable;lovableHisamiabledispositionpleasedallwhohaddealingswithhim.amicable[5AmikEbi]adj.[moreamicable;mostamicable]friendlyThedisputewassettledinanamicablemannerwithnoharshwords.amiss[E5mis]adj.wrong;faultySeeingherfrown,hewonderedifanythingwereamiss.amity[5Amiti]n.friendshipStudentexchangeprogramssuchastheExperimentinInternationalLivingwereestablishedtopromoteinternationalamity.amnesia[Am5ni：zjE]n.lossofmemoryBecauseshewassufferingfromamnesia,thepolicecouldnotgettheyounggirltoidentifyherself.amnesty[SAmnesti]n.[amnesties]pardonWhenhisfirstchildwasborn,thekinggrantedamnestytoallinprison.amok[E5mRk]ad.inastateofrageThepolicehadtobecalledintorestrainhimafterheranamokinthedepartmentstore.amoral[ei5mR:rEl]

10adj.non-moralTheamoralindividuallacksacodeofethics;heshouldnotbeclassifiedasimmoral.amorOUS[5AmErEs]adj.movedbysexuallove;lovingDonJuanwasknownforhisamorousadventures.amorphous[E5mR：fEs]adj.shapeless;vague;indeterminateJohnwassubjecttopanicattacksthatlefthimpreytovague,amorphousfears:heknewhewasterrified,butcouldneitherdefinenorexplainthecauseofhisterror.amphibian[AmSfibiEn]adj.abletolivebothonlandandinwaterFrogsareclassifiedasamphibian.amphitheater[5Amfiwi：EtE]n.[amphitheaters]ovalbuildingwithtiersofseatsThespectatorsintheamphitheatercheeredthegladiators.ample[5Ampi]adj.[ampler;amplest]abundantHehadampleopportunitytodisposeofhislootbeforehispolicecaughtupwithhim.amplify[SAmplifai]v.[amplified;amplified;amplifying]enlargeHerattemptstoamplifyherremarksweredrownedoutbythejeersoftheaudience.amputate[5Ampjuteit]v.[amputated;amputated;amputating]cutoffpartofbody;pruneWhenthedoctorshadtoamputateTedKennedy'slegtopreventthespreadofcancer,hedidnotletthelossofhislegkeephimfromparticipatinginsports.

11amulet[5Amjuiit]n.charm;talismanAroundhernecksheworetheamuletthatthewitchdoctorhadgivenher.anachronism[E5nAkrE5nizEm]n.somethingorsomeonemisplacedintimeShakespeare'sreferencetoclocksinJuliusCaesarisananachronism;noclocksexistedinCaesar'stime.analgesic[AnAisavi：zik]adj.causinginsensitivitytopainTheanalgesicqualitiesofhislotionwillprovidetemporaryrelief.analogous[E5nAlEgEs]adj.comparableShecalledourattentiontothethingsthathadbeendoneinananalogoussituationandrecommendedthatwedothesame.analogy[ESnAiEdvi]n.[analogies]similarity;parallelismYouranalogyisnotagoodonebecausethetwosituationsarenotsimilar.anarchist[5AnEkist]n.[anarchists]personwhorebelsagainsttheestablishedorderOnlythetotaloverthrowofallgovernmentalregulationswouldsatisfytheanarchist.anarchy[5AnEki]n.absenceofgoverningbody;stateofdisorderTheassassinationoftheleadersledtoaperiodofanarchy.anathema[E5nAWimE]n.[anathemas]solemncurse;someoneorsomethingthatisdespisedHeheapedanathemauponhisfoe.anathematize[ESnAWimEtaiz]v.[anathematized;anathematized;anathematizing]curseThehighpriestanathematizedtheheretic.anchor[5ANkE]v.[anchored;anchored;anchoring]secureorfastenfirmly;befixedinplaceWesetthepostinconcretetoanchoritinplace.ancillary[5AnsiiEri]adj.servingasanaidoraccessory;auxiliaryInanancillarycapacityDoctorWatsonwashelpful;however,Holmescouldnottrustthegooddoctortosolveaperplexingcaseonhisown.anecdote[5AnikdEut]n.[anecdotes]shortaccountofanamusingorinterestingeventRatherthanmakeconcreteproposalsforwelfarereform,PresidentRaegantoldanecdotesaboutpoorpeoplewhobecamewealthydespitetheirimpoverishedbackgrounds.anemia[E5ni：miE]n.conditioninwhichbloodlacksredcorpuscles

12Thedoctorascribeshertirednesstoanemia.anesthetic[AnEsSWetik]n.substancethatremovessensationwithorwithoutlossofconsciousnessHismonotonousvoiceactedlikeananesthetic;hisaudiencewassoonasleep.anguish[5ANgwiF]n.acutepain;extremesufferingVisitingthesiteofexplosion,PremierGorbachevwepttoseetheanguishofthevictimsandtheirfamilies.angular[5ANgjuiE]adj.sharp-cornered;stiffinmannerHisfeatures,thoughangular,werecuriouslyattractive.animadversion[AnEmAd5vE：FEn]n.criticalremarkHeresentedtheanimadversionsofhiscritics,particularlybecauseherealizedtheyweretrue.animated[5AnEmeitid]adj.livelyHeranimatedexpressionindicatedakeennessofintellect.animosity[Ani5mRsiti]n.[animosities]activeenmityHeincurredtheanimosityoftherulingclassbecauseheadvocatedlimitationsoftheirpower.animus[5AnimEs]n.hostilefeelingorintentTheanimusofthespeakerbecameobvioustoallwhenhebegantoindulgeinsarcasticandinsultingremarks.annals[5AnEiz]n.[annals]records;historyIntheannalsofthisperiod,wefindnomentionofdemocraticmovements.anneal[E5ni：1]v.[annealed;annealed;annealing]reducebrittlenessandimprovetoughnessbyheatingandcoolingAftertheglassisannealed,itwillbelesssubjecttochippingandcracking.annihilate[ESnaiEieit]v.[annihilated;annihilated;annihilating]destroyTheenemyinitsrevengetriedtoannihilatetheentirepopulation.annotate[5AnEuteit]v.[annotated;annotated;annotating]comment;makeexplanatorynotesIntheappendixtothenovel,thecriticsoughttoannotatemanyofthemoreesotericreferences.annuity[E5nju：iti]n.[annuities]yearlyallowanceTheannuityhesetupwiththeinsurancecompanysupplementshissocialsecuritybenefitssothathecanliveverycomfortablywithoutworking.annul[E5nQi]v.[annulled;annulled;annulling]makevoid

13Theparentsoftheelopedcoupletriedtoannulthemarriage.anodyne[5AnEudain]n.drugthatrelievespain;opiateHispainwassogreatthatnoanodynecouldrelieveit.anoint[E5nRint]v.[anointed;anointed;anointing]consecrateTheprophetSamuelanointedDavidwithoil,crowninghimkingofIsrael.anomalous[E5namElEs]adj.abnormal;irregularHewasplacedintheanomalouspositionofseemingtoapproveproceduresthathedespised.anomaly[E5nRmEii]n.[anomalies]irregularityAbirdthatcannotflyisananomaly.anonymity[AnE5nimiti]n.[anonymities]stateofbeingnameless;anonymousnessThedonorofthegiftaskedthecollegenottomentionhimbyname;thedeanreadilyagreedtorespecthisanonymity.antagonistic[AntAgE5nistik]adj.hostile;opposedDespitehislawyers'besteffortstostophim,theangryprisonercontinuedtomakeantagonisticremarkstothejudge.antecede[5Anti5si：d]v.[anteceded;anteceded;anteceding]precedeTheinventionoftheradiotelegraphantecededthedevelopmentoftelevisionbyaquarterofacentury.antecedents[]n.[antecedents]precedingeventsorcircumstancesthatinfluencewhatcomeslater;earlylife;ancestorsBeforegivingpermissionforDrummietomarryEstella,MissHavishamhadafewquestionsabouttheyoungman'sbirthandantecedents.antediluvian[5Antidi51u:viEn]adj.antiquated;ancientTheantediluviancustomshadapparentlynotchangedforthousandsofyears.anthropoid[5AnWrEpRid]adj.manlikeThegorillaisthestrongestoftheanthropoidanimals.anthropologist[AnWrE5pRlEdVist]n.studentofthehistoryandscienceofhumankindAnthropologistshavediscoveredseveralrelicsofprehistorichumansinthisarea.anthropomorphic[AnWrEpE5mR:fik]adj.havinghumanformorcharacteristicsPrimitivereligionsoftenhavedeitieswithanthropomorphiccharacteristics.

14anticlimax[Anti5klaimAks]n.letdowninthoughtoremotionAfterthefineperformanceinthefirstact,therestoftheplaywasananticlimax.antipathy[AnStipEWi]n.[antipathies]aversion;dislikeHisextremeantipathytodisputecausedhimtoavoidargumentativediscussionswithhisfriends.antiquated[5Antikwitid]adj.obsolete;outdatedAccustomedtoeditinghispapersonwordprocessors,Philipthoughttypewritersweretooantiquatedforhimtouse.antiseptic[Anti5septik]n.[antiseptics]substancethatpreventsinfectionItisadvisabletoapplyanantiseptictoanywound,nomatterhowslightorinsignificant.antithesis[An5tiwisis]n.[antitheses]contrast;directoppositeofortoThistyrannywastheantithesisofallthathehadhopedfor,andhefoughtitwithallhisstrength.anvil[5Anvil]n.[anvils]ironblockusedinhammeringoutmetalsAfterheatingtheironhorseshoeintheforge,theblacksmithpickeditupwithhistongsandsetitontheanvil.apathetic[ApE5Wetik]adj.indifferentHefeltapatheticabouttheconditionshehadobservedanddidnotcaretofightagainstthem.apathy[5ApEWi]n.lackofcaring;indifferenceAfirmbelieverindemocraticgovernment,shecouldnotunderstandtheapathyofpeoplewhoneverbotheredtovote.ape[eip]n.[apes]imitateormimicHewassuspendedforaweekbecausehehadapedtheprincipalinfrontofthewholeschool.aperture[5ApEtjuE]n.[apertures]opening;holeShediscoveredasmallapertureinthewall,throughwhichtheinsectshadenteredtheroom.apex[5eipeks]n.[apexes,apices]tip;summit;climaxHewasattheapexofhiscareer.aphasia[E5feizjiE]n.lossofspeechduetoinjuryorillnessAftertheautomobileaccident,thevictimhadperiodsofaphasiawhenhecouldnotspeakatallorcouldonlymumbleincoherently.aphorism[5AfErizEm]

15n.pithymaximAnaphorismdiffersfromanadageinthatitismorephilosophicalorscientific.apiary[SeipjEri]n.[apiaries]aplacewherebeesarekeptAlthoughhespentmanyhoursdailyintheapiary,hewasveryseldomstungbyabee.aplomb[5ApiR：N]n.poise;composureWellington'snonchalanceandaplombintheheatofbattlealwaysheartenedhisfollowers.apocalyptic[EpRkE51iptik]adj.prophetic;pertainingtorevelations;especiallyofdisasterHisapocalypticremarksweredismissedbyhisaudienceaswildsurmises.apocryphal[E5pRkrifE1]adj.untrue;madeupToimpresshisfriends,Tominventedapocryphaltalesofhisadventuresinthebigcity.apogee[SApEdvi：]n.highestpointWhenthemooninitsorbitisfurthestawayfromtheearth,itisatitsapogee.apoplexy[5ApEpieksi]n.stroke;lossofconsciousnessfollowedbyparalysisHewascrippledbyanattackofapoplexy.apostate[E5pRsteit]n.onewhoabandonshisreligiousfaithorpoliticalbeliefsBecauseheswitchedfromonepartytoanother,hisformerfriendsshunnedhimasanapostate.apothecary[ESpRWikeri]n.[apothecaries]druggistInHolland,apothecariesstillsellspicesaswellasointmentsandpills.apothegm[SApEuWem]n.pithy,compactsayingProverbsareapothegmsthathavebecomefamiliarsayings.apotheosis[E5pRWi5Eusis]n.[apotheoses]deification;glorificationTheRomanempressLiviaenviedthelateemperorhisapotheosis;shehopedthatonherdeathshe,too,wouldbeexaltedtotherankofagod.appal[E5pR：l]v.[appalled;appalled;appalling]dismay;shockWewereappalledbythehorrifyingconditionsinthecity*sjails.apparition[ApE5riFEn]n.[apparitions]ghost;phantomHamletwasuncertainabouttheidentityoftheapparitionthathadappearedandspokentohim.appease[E5pi：z]v.[appeased;appeased;appeasing]pacify;soothe

16Wehavediscoveredthat,whenwetrytoappeaseourenemies,weencouragethemtomakeadditionaldemands.appellation[ApE51eiFEn]n.name;titleHewasamazedwhenthewitcheshailedhimwithhiscorrectappellation.append[E5pend]v.[appended;appended;appending]attachIshallappendthischarttomyreport.application[Apli5keiFEn]n.[applications]diligentattention;(secondarymeaning)applyPleasedwithhowwellTomhadwhitewashedthefence,AuntPollypraisedhimforhisapplication.apposite[5ApEzit]adj.appropriate;fittingHewasalwaysabletofindtheappositephrase,thecorrectexpressionforeveryoccasion.appraise[E5preiz]v.[appraised;appraised;appraising]estimatethevalueofItisdifficulttoappraiseoldpaintings;itiseasiertocallthempriceless.appreciate[E5pri：Fieit]v.[appreciated;appreciated;appreciating]bethankfulfor;increaseinworth;bethoroughlyconsciousofLittleOrphanAnnietrulyappreciatedthestocksDaddyWarbucksaveher,whosevalueappreciatedconsiderablyovertheyears.apprehend[5Apri5hend]v.[apprehended;apprehended;apprehending]arrest(acriminal);dread;perceiveThepolicewillapprehendtheculpritandconvicthimbeforelong.apprehensive[Apri5hensiv]adj.fearful;discerningHisapprehensiveglancesatthepeoplewhowerewalkinginthestreetrevealedhisnervousness.apprise[E5praiz]v.[apprised;apprised;apprising]informWhenhewasapprisedofthedangerousweatherconditions,hedecidedtopostponehistrip.approbation[AprE5beiFEn]n.approvalWantingherparents'regard,shelookedforsomesignoftheirapprobation.appropriate[E5prEupriit]v.[appropriated;appropriated;appropriating]acquire;takepossessionofforone'sownuseTheranchownersappropriatedthelandsthathadoriginallybeensetasidefortheIndians'use.appurtenances[]n.[appurtenances]subordinatepossessions

17Heboughttheestateandallitsappurtenances.apropos[5AprEpEu]ad.withreferenceto;regardingIfindyourremarksaproposofthepresentsituationtimelyandpertinent.aptitude[5Aptitju：d]n.[aptitudes]fitness;talentThecounselorevaluatedhisaptitudesbeforeadvisinghimaboutthecareerheshouldfollow.aquiline[SAkwEiain]adj.curved,hookedHecanberecognizedbyhisaquilinenose,curvedlikethebeakoftheeagle.arable[5ArEbi]adj.fitforplowingThelandwasnolongerarable;erosionhadremovedthevaluabletopsoil.arbiter[5B：bitE]n.personwithpowertodecideamatterinadispute;judgeAsanarbiterinlabordisputes,shehaswontheconfidenceoftheworkersandtheemployers.arbitrary[5a：bitrEri]adj.unreasonableorcapricious;tyrannicalThecoachclaimedtheteamlostbecausetheumpiremadesomearbitrarycalls.arbitrate[5a：bitreit]v.[arbitrated;arbitrated;arbitrating]actasjudgeShewascalledupontoarbitratethedisputebetweentheunionandthemanagement.arboretum[B:bE5ri:tEm]n.[arboretums,arboreta]placewheredifferentvarietiesoftreesandshrubsarestudiedandexhibitedWalkingalongthetreelinedpathsofthearboretum,Ritanotedpoplars,firs,andsomeparticularlyfinesycamores.arcade[a:5keid]n.acoveredpassageway,usuallylinedwithshopsThearcadewaspopularwithshoppersbecauseitgavethemprotectionfromthesummersunandthewinterrain.arcane[b：skein]adj.secret;mysteriousWhatwasarcanetouswascleartothepsychologist.archaeology[a：ki5RiEdvi]n.studyofartifactsandrelicsofearlymankindTheprofessorofarchaeologyheadedanexpeditiontotheGobiDesertinsearchofancientruins.archaic[a:5keik]adj.antiquated“Methinks,“"thee,"and''thou"arearchaicwordsthatarenolongerpartofournormal

18vocabulary.archetype[5B：tF5taip]n.prototype;primitivepatternTheBrooklynBridgewasthearchetypeofthemanyspansthatnowconnectManhattanwithLongIslandandNewJersey.archipelago[a:ki5peligEu]n.[archipelagos,archipelagoes]groupofcloselylocatedislandsWhenhelookedatthemapandsawthearchipelagoesintheSouthSeas,helongedtovisitthem.archives[5B：kaivz]n.[archives]publicrecords;placewherepublicrecordsarekeptThesedocumentsshouldbepartofthearchivessothathistoriansmaybeabletoevaluatetheminthefuture.ardor[5ardE]n.heat;passion;zealKatya'sardorwascontagious;soonallherfellowdemonstratorswerebusilymakingpostersandhandingoutflyers,inspiredbyherardententhusiasmforthecause.ardUOUS[5a:djuEs]adj.hard;strenuousHerarduouseffortshadsappedherenergy.argot[5B：gEu]n.slangIntheargotoftheunderworld,she“wastakenforaride.**aria[5B：iE]n.[arias]operaticsoloAtherMetropolitanOperaaudition,MarianAndersonsanganariafromNorma.arid[5Arid]adj.dry;barrenThecactushadadaptedtosurviveinanaridenvironment.aristocracy[Aris5tRkrEsi]n.[aristocracies]hereditarynobility;privilegedclassAmericanshavemixedfeelingsabouthereditaryaristocracy.armada[a：5ma：dE]n.[armadas]fleetofwarshipsQueenElizabeth'snavywasabletodefeatthemightyarmadathatthreatenedtheEnglishcoast.aromatic[ArEu5mAtik]n.[aromatics]fragrantMedievalsailingvesselsbroughtaromaticherbsfromChinatoEurope.arraign[E5rein]v.[arraigned;arraigned;arraigning]chargeincourt;indictAfterhisindictmentbytheGrandJury,theaccusedmanwasarraignedintheCountyCriminalCourt.array[E5rei]v.[arrayed;arrayed;arraying]marshal;drawupinorderHisactionswereboundtoarraypublicsentimentagainsthim.

19array[E5rei]n.[arrays]clothe;adornShelikedtowatchhermotherarrayherselfinherfinestclothesbeforegoingoutfortheevening.arrears[E5riEz]n.beingindebtHewasinarrearswithhispaymentsonthecar.arrogance[5ArEgEns]n.pride,haughtinessThearroganceofthenobilitywasresentedbythemiddleclass.arroyo[E5rRiEu]n.[arroyos]gullyUntiltheheavyrainsofthepastspring,thisarroyohadbeenadrybed.articulate[a：5tikjuiit]n.effective;distinctHerarticulatepresentationoftheadvertisingcampaignimpressedheremployers.artifacts口n.productsofprimitivecultureArchaeologistsdebatedthesignificanceoftheartifactsdiscoveredintheruinsofAsiaMinorandcametonoconclusion.artifice[5B：tEfis]n.[artifices]deception;trickeryTheTrojanWarprovedtotheGreeksthatcunningandartificewereoftenmoreeffectivethanmilitarymight.artisan[a：ti5zAn]n.[artisans]amanuallyskilledworkerArtistsandartisansalikearenecessarytothedevelopmentofaculture.artless[5B：tiis]adj.withoutguile;openandhonestRedRidingHood'sartlesscomment,"Grandma,whatbigeyesyouhave!"indicatesthechild'sinnocentsurprisesather"grandmother's"changedappearance.ascendancy[E5sendEnsi]n.controllinginfluencePresidentMarcosfailedtomaintainhisascendancyoverPhilippines.aseptic[E5septik]adj.preventinginfection;havingacleansingeffectHospitalssucceededinloweringthemortalityrateassoonastheyintroducedasepticconditions.ascetic[E5setik]adj.practicingself-denial;austereThewealthyyoungmancouldnotunderstandtheasceticlifeledbythemonks.asceticism[E5setisizm]n.doctrineofself-denialWefindasceticismpracticedinmanymonasteries.ascribe[Es5kraib]v.[ascribed;ascribed;ascribing]refer;attribute;assignIcanascribenomotiveforheracts.ashen[safer]

20adj.ash-colored;deadlypaleHerfacewasashenwithfear.asinine[5Asinain]adj.stupidYourasinineremarksprovethatyouhavenotgiventhisproblemanyseriousconsideration.askance[E5skAns]adv.withasidewaysorindirectlookLookingaskanceatherquestioner,shedisplayedherscorn.askew[Es5kju]ad.crookedly;slanted;atanangleWhenheplacedhishataskewuponhishead,hisobserverslaughed.asperity[As5periti]n.[asperities]sharpness(oftemper)Theseremarks,spokenwithasperity,stungtheboystowhomtheyhadbeendirected.aspersion[Es5pE：VEn]n.slanderousremarkDonotcastaspersionsonhercharacter.aspirant[Es5pairEnt]n.[aspirants]seekerafterpositionorstatusAlthoughIamasaspirantforpublicoffice,Iamnotwillingtoacceptthedictatesofthepartybosses.aspiration[AspE5reiFEn]n.[aspirations]nobleambitionYouth'saspirationsshouldbeasloftyasthestars.assail[E5seii]v.[assailed;assailed;assailing]assaultHewasassailedwithquestionsafterhislecture.assay[E5sei]adj.analyze;evaluateWhentheyassayedtheore,theyfoundthattheyhaddiscoveredaveryrichvein.assent[E5sent]v.[assented;assented;assenting]agree;acceptItgivesmegreatpleasuretoassenttoyourrequest.assert[E5sE：t]v.[asserted;asserted;asserting]statestronglyorpositively;insistonordemandrecognitionof(rights,claims,etc).WhenJillassertedthatnobodyelseinthejuniorclasshadsuchanearlycurfew,herparentsassertedthemselves,tellingherthatifshedidn'tgethomebynineo'clockshewouldbegroundedfortheweek.assessment[E5sesmEnt]n.[assessments]estimation;appraisalIwouldliketohaveyourassessmentofthesituationinSouthAfrica.aSSidUOUS[E5sidjuEs]adj.diligentIttookRembrandtweeksofassiduouslaborbeforehewassatisfiedwithhisportraitofhisson.

21assimilate[ESsimiieit]v.[assimilated;assimilated;assimilating]absorb;causetobecomehomogenousThemannerinwhichtheUnitedStateswasabletoassimilatethehordesofimmigrantsduringthenineteenthandearlypartofthetwentiethcenturieswillalwaysbeasourceofpride.assuage[ESsweidv]v.[assuaged;assuaged;assuaging]ease;lessen(pain)Yourmessagesofcheershouldassuagehersuffering.assumption[E5sQmpFEn]n.[assumptions]somethingtakenforgranted;thetakingoverortakingpossessionofTheyoungprincessmadethefoolishassumptionthattheregentwouldnotobjecttoherAssumptionofpower.assurance[E5FuErEns]n.[assurances]promiseorpledge;certainty;self-confidenceWhenGutheriegaveGuinesshisassurancethatrehearsalsweregoingwell,hespokewith

22suchassurancethatGuinesswasconvinced.asteroid[5AstErRid]n.smallplanetasteroidshavebecomecommonplacetothereadersofinterstellartravelstoriesinsciencefictionmagazines.astigmatism[As5tigmEtizm]n.eyedefectthatpreventsproperfocusAssoonashisparentsdiscoveredthattheboysufferedfromastigmatism,theytookhimtotheoptometristforcorrectiveglasses.astral[5AstrEi]adj.relatingtothestarsShewasamazedatthenumberofastralbodiesthenewtelescoperevealed.astringent[ESstrindVEnt]adj.binding;causingcontraction;harshorsevereTheastringentqualityofunsweetenedlemonjuicemadeswallowingdifficult.astronomical[AstrE5nRmikEl]adj.enormouslylargeorextensiveThegovernmentseemedwillingtospendastronomicalsumsonweaponsdevelopment.astute[Es5tju：t]adj.wise;shrewdThatwasaveryastuteobservation.asunder[E5sQndE]adv.intoparts;apartTheirpointsofviewarepolesasunder.asylum[E5sailEm]n.[asylums]placeofrefugeorshelter;protectionTherefugeessoughtasylumfromreligiouspersecutioninanewland.asymmetric[5Asi5metrik]adj.notidenticalonbothsidesofadividingcentrallineBecauseoneeyebrowwassetmarkedlyhigherthantheother,William'sfacehadaparticularlyasymmetricappearance.atavism[5AtEvizEm]n.resemblancetoremoteancestorsratherthantoparents;reversiontoanearliertype;throwbackMartinseemedanatavismtohisTuscanancestorswholavishedgreatcareontheirsmallplotsofsoil.atheistic[,eiWi5istik]adj.denyingtheexistenceofGodHisatheisticremarksshockedthereligiousworshippers.atone[E5tEun]v.[atoned;atoned;atoning]makeamendsfor;payforHeknewnowayinwhichhecouldatoneforhisbrutalcrime.

23atrocity[E5trRsiti]n.[atrocities]brutaldeedIntimeofwar,manyatrocitiesarecommittedbyinvadingarmies.atrophy[5AtrEfi]n.wastingawayPoliovictimsneedphysiotherapytopreventtheatrophyofaffectedlimbs.attenuate[E5tenjueit]v.[attenuated;attenuated;attenuating]makethin;weakenBywithdrawingtheirforces,thegeneralshopedtoattenuatetheenemylines.attest[E5test]v.[attested;attested;attesting]testify;bearwitnessHavingservedasamemberofagrandjury,Icanattestthatoursystemofindictingindividualsisinneedofimprovement.attribute[5Atribju：t]n.essentialqualityHisoutstandingattributewashiskindness.attribute[5Atribju：t]v.[attributed;attributed;attributing]ascribe;explainIattributehersuccessinsciencetotheencouragementshereceivedfromherparents.attrition[E5triFEn]n.gradualwearingdownTheydecidedtowageawarofattritionratherthantorelyonall-outattack.audaciOUS[R5deiFEs]adj.daring;boldAudiencescheeredasLukeSkywalkerandPrincessLeiamadetheiraudacious,death-defyingleaptofreedomandescapedDarthVader'stroops.audit[5R：dit]n.examinationofaccountsWhenthebankexaminersarrivedtoholdtheirannualaudit,theydiscoveredtheembezzlementsofthechiefcashier.augment[R:g5ment,5R:gmEnt]v.[augmented;augmented;augmenting]increaseHowcanwehopetoaugmentourforceswhenouralliesaredesertingus?augury[5R:gjEri]n.[auguries]omen;prophecyHeinterpretedthedeparturesofthebirdsasanauguryofevil.august[R:5gQst]adj.impressive;majesticVisitingthepalaceatVersailes,shewasimpressedbytheaugustsurroundingsinwhichshefoundherself.aureole[sr：riEui]n.sunfscorona;haloManymedievalpaintingsdepictsaintlycharacterswithaureolesaroundtheirheads.auroral[r：5rR：rEi]adj.pertainingtotheaurora

24Theauroraldisplaywasparticularlyspectacularthatevening.aUSpiciOUS[R:5spiFEs]n.favoringsuccessWithfavorableweatherconditions,itwasanauspiciousmomenttosetsail.austere[RsStiE]adj.strict,sternHisausteredemeanorpreventedusfromengaginginourusualfrivolousactivities.austerity[R5stzrEti]n.[austerities]sternness;severity;lackofluxuriesTheausterityanddignityofthecourtweremaintainedbythenewjustices,whowereastrictandsolemngroup.authenticate[r：swentikeit]v.[authenticated;authenticated;authenticating]provegenuineAnexpertwasneededtoauthenticatetheoriginalVanGoghpainting,distinguishingitfromitsimitation.authoritarian[R:5WRri5tZEriEn]adj.favoringorexercisingtotalcontrol;non-democraticThepeoplehadnocontrolovertheirdestiny;theywereforcedtoobeythedictatesoftheauthoritarianregime.authoritative[r：5WRritEtiv]adj.havingtheweightofauthority;dictatorialWeacceptedheranalysisofthesituationasauthoritative.autocrat[5R:tEkrAt]n.monarchwithsupremepowerHeranhisofficelikeanautocrat,givingnooneelseanyauthority.automation[5R:tE5meiFEn]n.mechanismthatimitatesactionsofhumansLongbeforesciencefictionreadersbecameawareofrobots,writerswerecreatingstoriesofautomationwhocouldoutperformhumans.autonomous[R:5tRnEmEs]adj.self-governingThisislandisacolony;however,inmostmatters,itisautonomousandreceivesnoordersfromthemothercountry.autopsy[5Rtapsi]n.[autopsies]examinationofadeadbody;postmortemThemedicalexaminerorderedanautopsytodeterminethecauseofdeath.auxiliary[R:g5ziljEri]adj.offeringorprovidinghelp;additionalorsubsidiaryTopreparefortheemergency,theybuiltanauxiliarypowerstation.avarice[5AvEris]n.greedforwealthKingMidas'savaricehasbeenfamousforcenturies.

25aver[E5vE：]v.[averred;averred;avering]stateconfidentlyIwishtoaverthatIamcertainofsuccess.averse[E5vE：s]adj.reluctantHewasaversetorevealingthesourcesofhisinformation.aversion[E5vE：FEn]n.[aversions]firmdislikeTheirmutualaversionwassogreatthattheyrefusedtospeaktooneanother.avert[E5vE：t]v.[averted;averted;averting]prevent;turnawaySheavertedhereyesfromthedeadcatonthehighway.aviary[5eivieri]n.[aviaries]enclosureforbirdsTheaviaryatthezooheldnearly300birds.avid[5Avid]adj.greedy;eagerforHewasavidforlearningandreadeverythinghecouldget.avocation[AvEu5keiFEn]n.secondaryorminoroccupationHishobbyprovedtobesofascinatingandprofitablethatgraduallyheabandonedhisregularoccupationandconcentratedonhisavocation.avow[E5vEu]v.[avowed;avowed;avowing]declareopenlyImustavowthatIaminnocent.avuncular[E5vQNkjEiE]adj.likeanuncleAvuncularpridedidnotpreventhimfromnoticinghisnephew'sshortcomings.awe[r：]n.solemnwonderThetouristsgazedwithaweatthetremendousexpanseoftheGrandCanyon.awl[r：i]n.pointedtoolusedforpiercingSheusedanawltopunchadditionalholesintheleatherbeltshehadbought.awry[E5rai]ad.distorted;crookedHeheldhisheadawry,givingtheimpressionthathehadcaughtcoldinhisneckduringthenight.axiom[5AksiEm]n.self-evidenttruthrequiringnoproofBeforeastudentcanbegintothinkalongthelinesofEuclideangeometry,hemustacceptcertainprinciplesoraxioms.azure[ave]adj.skyblueazureskiesareindicativeofgoodweather.babble[5bAbi]v.[babbled;babbled;babbling]chatteridlyThelittlegirlbabbledaboutherdoll.

26bacchanalian[9bAkEneiijEn]adj.drunkenEmperorNeroattendedthebacchanalianorgy.badger[5bAdVE]v.[badgered;badgered;badgering]pester;annoyShewasforcedtochangehertelephonenumberbecauseshewasbadgeredbyobscenephonecalls.badinage[5bAdina：v]n.teasingconversationHerfriendsatworkgreetedthenewsofherengagementwithcheerfulbadinage.baffle[5bAfi]v.[baffled;baffled;baffling]frustrate;perplexThenewcodebaffledtheenemyagents.bait[beit]v.[baited;baited;baiting]harass;teaseThesoldiersbaitedtheprisoners,terrorizingthem.baleful[5beilful]adj.menacing;deadlyCastingabalefuleyeathissuccessfulrival,therejectedsuitorstoleoff,vowingtohavehisrevenge.balk[bR：k]v.[balked;balked;balking]stoopshort,asiffacedwithanobstacle,andrefusetocontinueThechiefofpolicebalkedatsendinghisofficersintotheriot-tornarea.balk[bR：k]v.[balked;balked;balking]foilWhenthewardenlearnedthatseveralinmateswereplanningtoescape,hetookstepstobalktheirattempt.ballast[5bAiEst]n.heavysubstanceusedtoaddstabilityorweightTheshipwaslistingbadlytooneside;itwasnecessarytoshifttheballastintheholdtogetherbackonanevenkeel.balm[ba:m]n.[balms]somethingthatrelievespainFriendshipisthefinestbalmforthepangsofdisappointedlove.balmy[5ba:mi]adj.[balmier;balmiest]mild;fragrantAbalmybreezerefreshedusafterthesultryblast.banal[bE5na：i]adj.hackneyed;commonplace;triteHisfrequentuseofclichesmadehisessayseembanal.bandy[SbAndi]v.[bandied;bandied;bandying]discusslightly;exchangeblowsorwordsThepresidentrefusedto

27bandywordswithreportersatthepressconference.bane[bein]n.causeofruinLackofpublictransportationisthebaneofurbanlife.bantering[]adj.good-naturedlyridiculingTheyresentedhisbanteringremarksbecausetheymisinterpretedhisteasingassarcasm.barb[bB：d]n.[barbs]sharpprojectionformfishhook,etc.;pointedcommentThebarbfromthefishhookcaughtinhisfingerashegrabbedthefish.bard[ba：d]n.[bards]poetTheancientbardHomersangofthefallofTroy.barefaced[beE5feist]adj.shameless;bold;unconcealedShockedbyHuckFinn'sbarefacedlies,MissWatsonprayedthegoodLordwouldgivehimasenseofhisunregeneratewickedness.baroque[bE5rEuk]adj.highlyornateAccustomedtothesevere,angularlinesofmodernskyscrapers,theyfoundtheflamboyanceofbaroquearchitectureamusing.barrage[5bAra：v]n.barrierlaiddownbyartilleryfire;overwhelmingprofusionThecompanywasforcedtoretreatthroughthebarrageofheavycanyons.barrister[5bAristE]n.[barristers]counselor-at-lawGalsworthystartedasabarrister,butwhenhefoundthepracticeoflawboring,turnedtowriting.barterer[]n.traderThebartererexchangedtrinketsforthenatives'furs.bask[bA：sk]v.[basked;basked;basking]luxuriate;takepleasureinwarmthbaskingonthebeach,sherelaxedsocompletelythatshefellasleep.bastion[5bAstFEn]n.stronghold;somethingseenasasourceofprotectionThevillagersfortifiedthetownhall,hopingthisimprovisedbastioncouldprotectthemfromtheguerrillaraids.bate[beit]v.[bated;bated;bating]letdown;restrainUntilitwastimetoopenthepresents,thechildrenhadtobatetheircuriosity.bauble[5bR：bi]n.trinket;trifleThechildwasdelightedwiththebaubleshehadwoninthegrabbag.bawdy[5bR：di]adj.[bawdier;bawdiest]indecent;obsceneShetookoffenseathisbawdyremarks.

28beatific[bi:E5tifik]adj.givingbliss;blissfulThebeatificsmileonthechild'sfacemadeusveryhappy.beatitude[biSAtEtu：d]n.blessedness;stateofblissGrowingclosertoGodeachday,themysticachievedastateofindescribablebeatitude.bedizen[bidaizn]v.[bedizened;bedizened;bedizening]dresswithvulgarfineryThewitchdoctorswerebedizenedintheirgaudiestcostumes.bedraggle[bi5drAg1]v.[bedraggled;bedraggled;bedraggling]wetthoroughlyWeweresobedraggledbytheseverestormthatwehadtochangeintodryclothing.befuddle[bi5fQdi]v.[befuddled;befuddled;befuddling]confusethoroughlyHisattemptstoclarifythesituationsucceededonlyonbefuddlingherfurther.beget[bi5get]v.[begot;begotten,begot;begetting]father;produce;giverisetoOnegoodturnmaydeserveanother;itdoesnotnecessarilybegetanother.begrudge[bi5grQdv]v.[begrudged;begrudged;begrudging]resentIbegrudgeeveryminuteIhavetospendattendingmeetings.beguile[bi5gail]v.[beguiled;beguiled;beguiling]amuse;delude;cheatIbeguiledhimselfduringthelonghoursbyplayingsolitaire.behemoth[bi5hi:mRW,5bi:himEuW]n.hugecreature;somethingofmonstroussizeorpowerSportcastersnicknamedthelinebacker'TheBehemoth**.beholden[bi5heldEn]adj.obligated;indebtedSinceIdonotwishtobebeholdentoanyone,Icannotacceptthisfavor.behoove[bi5hEuv]v.[behooved;behooved;behooving]besuitedto;beincumbentuponInthistimeofcrisis,itbehoovesallofustoremaincalmandawaittheinstructionsofoursuperiors.belabor[bi5ieibE]v.[belabored;belabored;belaboring]explainorgooverexcessivelyortoaridiculousdegree;assailverballyThedebatecoachwarnedherstudentnottoboretheaudiencebybelaboringhispoint.belated[bi51eitid]adj.delayedHeapologizedforhisbelatednoteofcondolencetothewidowofhisfriendandexplainedthathehadjustlearnedofherhusband'suntimelydeath.beleaguer[bi5ii：gE]

29v.[beleaguered;beleaguered;beleaguering]besiegeAssoonasthecitywasbeleaguered,thelifebecamemoresubduedasthecitizensbegantheirlongwaitforoutsideassistance.belie[bi51ai]v.[belied;belied;belying]contradict;giveafalseimpressionHiscoarse,hard-bittenexteriorbeliedhisinnatesensitivity.belittle[bi51it1]v.[belittled;belittled;belittling]disparage;depreciateParentsshouldnotbelittletheirchildren'searlyattemptsatdrawing,butshouldencouragetheirefforts.bellicose[5belikEus]adj.warlikeHisbellicosedispositionalienatedhisfriends.belligerent[bi5iidVErEnt]adj.quarrelsomeWheneverhehadtoomuchtodrink,hebecamebelligerentandtriedtopickfightswithstrangers.bemused[biSmju：zd]adj.confused;lostinthought;preoccupiedJillstudiedthegarbledinstructionswithabemusedlookonherface.benediction[beni5dikFEn]n.[benedictions]blessingTheappearanceofthesunafterthemanyrainydayswaslikeabenediction.benefactor[5benifAktE]n.[benefactors]giftgiver;patronScroogelaterbecameTinyTim'sbenefactorandgavehimabenediction.beneficent[biSnefisnt]adj.kindly;doinggoodTheovergenerousphilanthropisthadtocurbhisbeneficentimpulsesbeforehegaveawayallhismoneyandlefthimselfwithnothing.beneficiary[beni5fiFEri]n.[beneficiaries]personentitledtobenefitsorproceedsofaninsurancepolicyYoumaychangeyourbeneficiaryasoftenasyouwish.benevolent[bi5nevElEnt]adj.generous;charitableHisbenevolentnaturepreventedhimfromrefusinganybeggarwhoaccostedhim.benign[bi5nain]adj.kindly;favorable;notmalignantTheoldmanwaswelllikedbecauseofhisbenignattitudetowardfriendandstrangeralike.benison[5benizn]n.blessingLetuspraythatthebenisonofpeaceoncemoreshallprevailamongthenationsoftheworld.

30bent[bent]n.determined;naturaltalentorinclinationbentonadvancinginthebusinessworld,thesecretaryheroineofWorkingGirlhadatruebentforhighfinance.bequeath[bi5kwi：T]v.[bequeathed;bequeathed;bequeathing]leavetosomeonebymeansofawill;handdownInhiswill,FatherbequeathedhiswatchtoPhillip;thebequestmeantagreatdealtotheboy.berate[bi5reit]v.[berated;berated;berating]scoldstronglyHefearedshewouldberatehimforhisforgetfulness.bereavement[bi'ri：vmEnt]n.[bereavements]stateofbeingdeprivedofsomethingvaluableorbelovedHisfriendsgatheredtoconsolehimuponhissuddenbereavement.bereft[bi5reft]adj.deprivedof;lackingThefoolishgamblersoonfoundhimselfbereftoffunds.berserk[5bE：sEk]adj.frenziedAngered,hewentberserkandbegantowrecktheroom.beset[bi5set]v.[beset;beset;besetting]harass;troubleManyproblemsbesettheAmericanpublicschoolsystem.besmirch[bis5mE：tF]v.[besmirched;besmirched;besmirching]soil,defileThescandalousremarksinthenewspaperbesmirchthereputationsofeverymemberofthesociety.bestial[5bestjEl]adj.beastlike;brutal;inhumanTheRedCrosssoughttoputanendtothebestialtreatmentofprisonersofwar.bestOW[bi5stEu]v.[bestowed;bestowed;bestowing]conferHewishedtobestowgreathonorsuponthehero.betroth[bi5trEuT]v.[betrothed;betrothed;betrothing]becomeengagedtomarryTheannouncementthattheyhadbecomebetrothedsurprisedtheirfriendswhohadnotsuspectedanyromance.bevy[5bevi]n.[bevies]largegroupThemovieactorwassurroundedbyabevyofstarlets.bicameral[bai5kAmErEl]adj.two-chambered,asalegislativebodyTheUnitedStatesCongressisabicameralbody.bicker[5bikE]

31v.[bickered;bickered;bickering]quarrelThechildrenbickeredmorning,noon,andnight,exasperatingtheirparents.biennial[bai5eniEl]adj.everytwoyearsThegroupheldbiennialmeetingsinsteadofannualones.bifurcated口adj.dividedintotwobranches;forkedWithabifurcatedbranchandapieceofelasticrubber,hemadeacrudebuteffectiveslingshot.bigotry[5bigEtri]n.stubbornintoleranceBroughtupinademocraticatmosphere,studentwasshockedbythebigotryandnarrownessexpressedbyseveralofhisclassmates.bilious[5biljEs]adj.sufferingfromindigestion;irritableHisbilioustemperamentwasapparenttoallwhoheardhimrantabouthisdifficulties.bilk[bilk]v.[bilked;bilked;bilking]swindle;cheatTheconmanspecializedinbilkinginsurancecompanies.bivouac[5bivuAk]n.temporaryencampmentWhileinbivouac,wespentthenightinoursleepingbagsunderthestars.bizarre[bi5zB：]adj.fantastic;violentlycontrastingTheplotofthenovelwastoobizarretobebelieved.blanch[bla:ntF]v.[blanched;blanched;blanching]bleach;whitenAlthoughagehadblanchedhishair,hewasstillvigorousandenergetic.bland[biAnd]adj.[blander;blandest]soothing;mildSheusedablandointmentforhersunburn.blandishment[5biAndiFmEnt]n.flatteryDespitethesalesperson'sblandishments,thecustomerdidnotbuytheoutfit.blase[5bla:zei]adj.boredwithpleasureordissipationYourblaseattitudegivesyourstudentsanerroneousimpressionofthejoysofscholarship.blasphemous[5blAsfimEs]adj.profane;impiousThepeopleintheroomwereshockedbyhishisblasphemouslanguage.blatant[5bleitnt]adj.extremelyobvious;loudlyoffensiveCaughtinablatantlie,thescoundrelhadonlyoneregret:hewishedthathehadliedmoresubtly.bleak[bii：k]adj.[bleaker;bleakest]cold;cheerless

32TheAleutianIslandsarebleakmilitaryoutposts.blighted口adj.sufferingfromadisease;destroyedTheextentoftheblightedareascouldbeseenonlywhenviewedfromtheair.blithe[5blaiT]adj.[blither;blithest]gay;joyous;carelessShelleycalledtheskylarka"blithespirit*becauseofitshappysong.bloated[5biEutid]adj.swollenorpuffedaswithwaterorairHerbloatedstomachcamefromdrinkingsomuchwater.blowhard[5biEuhB：d]n.talkativeboasterAfterallSol'stalkabouthisbigshowbusinessconnectionslednowhere,Sallydecidedhewasjustanotherblowhard.bludgeon[5biQdVEn]n.club;heavy-headedweaponHiswalkingstickservedhimasabludgeononmanyoccasions.bluff[blQf]n.[bluffs]pretense(ofstrength);deception;highcliffClairethoughtLordByron'sboastthathewouldswimtheHellespontwasjustabluff,shewasastoundedwhenhedovefromthehighbluffintothewatersbelow.blunder[5biQndE]n.[blunders]errorThecriminal'sfatalblunderledtohiscapture.blurt[blE：t]v.[blurted;blurted;blurting]utterimpulsivelyBeforeshecouldstophim,heblurtedoutthenews.bode[bEud]v.[boded;boded;boding]foreshadow;portendThegloomyskiesandthesulfurousodorsfromthemineralspringsseemedtobodeeviltothosewhosettledinthearea.bogus[5bEugEs]adj.counterfeit;notauthenticThepolicequicklyfoundthedistributorsofthebogustwenty-dollarbills.boisterous[5bRistErEs]adj.violent;rough;noisyTheunrulycrowdbecameevenmoreboisterouswhenhetriedtoquietthem.bolster[5bEuistE]v.[bolstered;bolstered;bolstering]support;reinforceThedebatersamassedfileboxesfullofevidencetobolstertheirarguments.bombast[5bRmbAst]n.pompous,inflatedlanguage

33Filledwithbombast,theorator'sspeechlefttheaudiencemoreimpressedwithhispompositythanwithhislogic.boon[bu：n]n.blessing;benefitTherecentrainsthatfilledouremptyreservoirswereaboontothewholecommunity.boorish[5buriF]adj.rude;insensitiveThoughMr.Pottsconstantlyinterruptedhiswife,sheignoredhisboorishbehavior,forshehadlosthopeofteachinghimcourtesy.bouillon[5bu：jR：]n.[bouillons]clearbeefsoupThecupofbouillonservedbythestewardswaswelcomedbythosewhohadbeenchilledbythecoldoceanbreezes.bountiful[5bauntiful]n.generous;showingbountyShedistributedgiftsinabountifulandgraciousmanner.bourgeois[5buEVwa：]n.[bourgeois]middleclassTheFrenchRevolutionwasinspiredbythebourgeois,whoresentedthearistocracy.bovine[5bEuvain]adj.cowlike;placidanddullNothingexcitesEsther;evenwhenshewonthestatelottery,shestillpreservedherairofbovinecalm.bowdlerize[5baudlEraiz]v.[bowdlerized;bowdlerized;bowdlerizing]expurgateAfterthefilmeditorshadbowdlerizedthelanguageinthescript,themotionpicture'sratingwaschangedfrom"R"to"PG.”brackish[5brAkiF]adj.somewhatsalineHefoundtheonlywellsintheareawerebrackish;drinkingthewatermadehimnauseous.braggadocio[brAgE5dEutFiEu]n.[braggadocios]boastingHewasdislikedbecausehismannerwasalwaysfullofbraggadocio.braggart[5brAgEt]n.boasterModestbynature,shewasnobraggart,preferringtoletheraccomplishmentsspeakforthemselves.bravado[brESvadEu]n.[bravadoes,bravados]swagger;assumedairofdefianceThebravadooftheyoungcriminaldisappearedwhenhewasconfrontedbythevictimsofhisbrutalattack.brawn[brR:n]n.muscularstrength;sturdinessIttakesbrawntobecomeachampionweight-lifter.brazen[5breizn]

34adj.insolentHerbrazencontemptforauthorityangeredtheofficials.breach[bri：tF]n.[breaches]breakingofcontractorduty;fissure;gapTheyfoundabreachintheenemy*sfortificationsandpenetratedtheirlines.breadth[bredT]n.[breadths]width;extentWewereimpressedbythebreadthofherknowledge.brevity[5breviti]n.concisenessbrevityisessentialwhenyousendatelegramorcablegram;youarechargedforeveryword.brindled[Sbrindid]adj.tawnyorgrayishwithstreaksorspotsHewasdisappointedinthelitterbecausethepuppieswerebrindled;hehadhopedforanimalsofuniformcolor.bristling[]adj.risinglikebristles;showingirritationThedogstoodthere,bristlingwithanger.brittle[5britl]adj.[brittler;brittlest]easilybroken;difficultMyemployer'sbrittlepersonalitymadeitdifficultformetogetalongwithher.broach[brEutF]v.[broached;broached;broaching]openupHedidnoteventrytobroachthesubjectofpoetry.brocade[brE5keid]n.rich,figuredfabricThesofawascoveredwithexpensivebrocade.brochure[brEuSFuE]n.[brochures]pamphletThisbrochureonfarmingwasissuedbytheDepartmentofAgriculture.brooch[bru:tF]n.[brooches]ornamentalclaspShetreasuredthebroochbecauseitwasanheirloom.brook[bruk]v.tolerate;endureThedeanwouldbrooknointerferencewithhisdisciplinaryactions.browbeat[5braubi：t]v.[browbeat;browbeaten;browbeating]bully;intimidateBillyresistedTed'sattemptstobrowbeathimintohandingoverhislunchmoney.brusque[brusk]adj.blunt;abruptShewasoffendedbyhisbrusquereply.bucolic[bju:5kRlik]adj.rustic;pastoralThemeadowwasthesceneofbucolicgaiety.buffoonery[bE'fU:nEri]

35n.clowningJohnCandy'sbuffooneryinUncleBuckwashilarious.bugabOO[5bQgEbu：]n.[bugaboos]bugbear;objectofbaselessterrorIfwebecomefrightenedbysuchbugaboos,wearenowiserthanthebirdswhofearscarecrows.bullion[5buljEn]n.goldandsilverintheformofbarsMuchbullionisstoredinthevaultsatFortKnox.bulwark[5buiwEk]n.[bulwarks]earthworkorotherstrongdefense;personwhodefendsThenavyisourprincipalbulwarkagainstinvasion.bungle[5bQNgi]v.[bungled;bungled;bungling]spoilbyclumsybehaviorIwasafraidyouwouldbunglehisassignmentbutIhadnooneelsetosend.bureaucracy[bjuESrRkrEsi]n.[bureaucracies]governmentbybureausManypeoplefearthattheconstantintroductionoffederalagencieswillcreateagovernmentbybureaucracy.burgeon[5bE：dVEn]v.[burgeoned;burgeoned;burgeoning]growforth;sendoutbudsInthespring,theplantsthatburgeonareapromiseofthebeautythatistocome.burlesque[bE：5iesk]v.[burlesqued;burlesqued;burlesquing]giveanimitationthatridiculesInhiscaricature,heburlesquedthemannerismsofhisadversary.burly[5bE：ii]adj.[burlier;burliest]husky;muscularTheburlymoverliftedthepackingcratewithease.burnish[5bE:niF]v.[burnished;burnished;burnishing]makeshinybyrubbing;polishThemaidburnishedthebrassfixturesuntiltheyreflectedthelamplight.buttress[5bQtris]v.[buttressed;buttressed;buttressing]support;propupJustasarchitectsbuttressthewallsofcathedralswithflyingbuttresses,debatesbuttresstheirargumentswithfacts.buxom[5bQksEm]adj.full-bosomed;plump;jollyHighfashionmodelsusuallyareslenderratherthanbuxom.Cabal[kE5bAl]n.smallgroupofpersonssecretlyunitedtopromotetheirowninterestsThecabalwasdefeatedwhenitsschemewasdiscovered.cache[kAF]

36n.hidingplaceThedetectivesfollowedthesuspectsuntilheledthemtothecachewherehehadstoredhisloot.cacophony[kA5kRfEni]n.[cacophonies]discordSomepeopleseemtoenjoythecacophonyofanorchestrathatistuningup.cadaver[kE5dAvE]n.corpseInsomestates,itisillegaltodissectcadavers.Cadaverous[kE5dAvErEs]adj.likeacorpse;paleFromhiscadaverousappearance,wecouldseehowthediseasehadravagedhim.cadence[5keidEns]n.[cadences]rhythmicriseandfall(ofwordsorsounds);beatMarchingdowntheroad,thetroopssangout,followingthecadencesetbythesergeant.Cajole[kE5dVEul]v.[cajoled;cajoled;cajoling]coax;wheedleIwillnotbecajoledintograntingyourwish.calamity[kE51Amiti]n.[calamities]disaster;miseryAsnewsofthecalamityspread,offersofreliefpouredintothestrickencommunity.caliber[5kAiEbE]n.ability;capacityAmanofsuchcalibershouldnotbeassignedsuchmenialtasks.calligraphy[kE5iigrEfi]n.beautifulwriting;excellentpenmanshipAsweexamineancientmanuscripts,webecameimpressedwiththecalligraphyofthescribes.callous[5kAlEs]adj.[morecallous;mostcallous]hardened;unfeelingHehadworkedinthehospitalforsomanyyearsthathewascalloustothesufferinginthewards.callow[5kAlEu]adj.youthful;immatureInthatyouthfulmovement,theleaderswereonlyalittlelesscallowthantheirimmaturefollowers.calorific[kAlE5rifik]adj.heat-producingCoalismuchmorecalorificthangreenwood.Calumny[5kAlEmni]n.[calumnies]maliciousmisrepresentationHecouldendurehisfinancialfailure,buthecouldnotbearthecalumnythathisfoesheapeduponhim.Camaraderie[5kAmE5ra:dEri]n.good-fellowshipWhathelovedbestabouthisjobwasthesenseofcamaraderieheandhisco-workersshared.

37Cameo[kAmiEu]n.[cameos]shellorjewelcarvedinreliefTouristsareadvisednottopurchasecameosfromthestreetpeddlersofRomewhosellpoorspecimensofthecarvefsart.canard[kA5nB：d]n.unfoundedrumorItisalmostimpossibletoprotectoneselffromsuchabasecanard.candor[5kAndE]n.franknessThecandorandsimplicityofhisspeechimpressedall,itwasallclearheheldnothingback.canine[5keinain]adj.relatedtodogs;doglikeSomedaysthecaninepopulationofBerkeleyseemsalmosttooutnumberthehumanpopulation.canker[5kANkE]n.[cankers]anyulceroussore;anyevilPovertyisacankerinthebodypolitic;itmustbecured.canny[5kAni]adj.[cannier;canniest]shrewd;thriftyThecannyScotsmanwasmorethanamatchfortheswindlers.cant[kAnt]n.piousphraseology;jargonofcriminalsAngrythatthepresidenthadslashedtheeducationbudget,wedismissedhisspeechontheimportanceofeducationasmerecant.cantankerous[kAn5tANkErEs]adj.ill-humored;irritableConstantlycomplainingabouthistreatmentandrefusingtocooperatewiththehospitalstaff,hewasacantankerouspatient.cantata伙An5tb：tE]n.[cantatas]storysettomusic,tobesungbyachorusThechoralsocietysangthenewcantatacomposedbyitsleader.canter[5kAntE]n.slowgallopBecausetheracehorsehadoutdistanceditscompetitionsoeasily,thereporterwrotethattheracewaswoninacanter.canto[5kAntEu]n.[canto;cantos]divisionofalongpoemDante*spoeticmasterpieceTheDivineComedyisdividedintocantos.canvass[5kAnvEs]v.[canvassed;canvassed;canvassing]determineorseekopinions,votes,etc.Aftercanvassingthesentimentsofhisconstituents,thecongressmanwasconfidentthatherepresentedthemajorityopinionofhisdistrict.capacious[kE5peiFEs]

38adj.[morecapacious;mostcapacious]spaciousInthecapaciousareasoftherailroadterminal,thousandsoftravelerslingeredwhilewaitingfortheirtrain.capillary[kE5piiEri]adj.havingaveryfineboreThechangesinsurfacetensionofliquidsincapillaryvesselsisofspecialinteresttophysicists.Capitulate[kE5pitjuleit]v.[capitulated;capitulated;capitulating]surrenderTheenemywaswarnedtocapitulateorfaceannihilation.caprice[kE5pri:s]n.[caprices]whimShewasanunpredictablecreature,actingoncaprice,nevertakingthoughtoftheconsequences.capricious[kE5priFEs]adj.fickle;incalculableThestormwascapriciousandchangedcourseconstantly.caption[kApFEn]n.title;chapterheading;textunderillustrationIfindthecaptionsthataccompanythesecartoonsverycleverandhumorous.CaptiOUS[5kApFEs]adj.faultfindingHiscriticismswerealwayscaptiousandfrivolous,neverofferingconstructivesuggestions.carafe[kE5rB：f]n.glasswaterbottleWitheachdinner,thepatronreceivesacarafeofredorwhitewine.carapace[5kArEpeis]n.shellcoveringtheback(ofaturtle,crab,etc)Atthechildren'szoo,Richardperchedontopofthegiantturtle'shardcarapaceasitslowlymadeitswayaroundtheenclosure.Carat[5kArEt]n.unitofweightforpreciousstones;measureoffinenessofgoldHegaveheradiamondthatweighedthreecaratsandwasmountedinaneighteen-caratgoldband.carcinogenic[kB:sinE5dVEnik]n.causingcancerManysupposedlyharmlesssubstanceshavebeenrevealedtobecarcinogenic.cardinal[5ka：dini]adj.chiefIfyouwanttoincreaseyourwordpower,thecardinalruleofvocabulary-buildingistoread.careen[kE5ri：n]v.[careened;careened;careening]lurch;swayfromsidetosideThetaxicabcareenedwildlyasitroundedthecorner.caricature[kArikEStjuE]

39n.[caricatures]distortion;burlesqueThecaricatureshedrewalwaysemphasizedpersonalweaknessesofthepeopleheburlesqued.carillon[kE5riljEn]n.setofbellscapableofbeingplayedThecarilloninthebelltoweroftheCoca-ColapavilionattheNewYorkWorld'sFairprovidedmusicalentertainmenteveryhour.carnage[5ka：nidv]n.destructionoflifeThecarnagethatcanbecausedbyatomicwarfareaddstotheresponsibilitiesofourstatesmen.carnal[5karnEl]adj.fleshlyThepublicwasmoreinterestedincarnalpleasuresthaninspiritualmatters.Carnivorous伙B:5nivErEs]adj.meat-eatingThelionisacarnivorousanimal.carousal[kE5rauzl]n.drunkenrevelThepartydegeneratedintoanuglycarousal.carping[5karpiN]adj.pettycriticism;fault-findingWelcomingconstructivecriticism,Lexyappreciatedhereditor'scomments,findingthemfreeofcarping.Carrion[5kAriEn]n.rottingfleshofadeadbodyBuzzardsarenature'sscavengers;theyeatthecarrionleftbehindbyotherpredators.cartographer[kB：5tRgrEfE]n.map-makerThoughnotaprofessionalcartographer,Tolkienwasabletoconstructamapofthefictionalworld.cascade[kAs5keid]n.[cascades]smallwaterfallWecouldnotappreciatethebeautyofthemanycascadesaswemadedetoursaroundeachofthemtoavoidgettingwet.caste[ka：st]n.[castes]oneofthehereditaryclassesinHindusociety,socialstratification;prestigeThedifferencescreatedbycasteinIndiamustbewipedoutiftruedemocracyistoprevailinthatcountry.Castigation[kAsti5geiFEn]n.[castigations]punishment;severecriticismSensitiveeventomildcriticism,Woolfcouldnotbearcastigationthatshefoundincertainreviews.Casual[5kAVjuEl]adj.[morecasual;mostcasual]accidental;notregularorpermanent;careless;informal

40Itcanbearguedthatphysicallawscanbecasualaswellasinveterate,sinceitisbasedonaninduction.casualty[5kAVjuEiti]n.[casualties]seriousorfatalaccidentThenumberofautomotivecasualtiesonthisholidayweekendwashigh.cataclysm[5kAtEklizEm]n.deluge;upheavalAcataclysmsuchastheFrenchRevolutionaffectsallcountries.catalyst[5kAtEiist]n.agentthatbringsaboutachemicalchangewhileitremainsunaffectedandunchangedManychemicalreactionscannottakeplacewithoutthepresenceofacatalyst.Catapult[5kAtEpQlt]n.[catapults]slingshot;hurlingmachineAirplanesaresometimeslaunchedfrombattleshipsbycatapults.cataract[5kAtErAkt]n.[cataracts]greatwaterfall;eyeabnormalityShegazedwithaweatthemightycataractknownasNiagaraFalls.Catastrophe[kE5tAstrEfi]n.[catastrophes]calamityTheJohnstownfloodwasacatastrophe.catechism[5kAtEkizm]n.bookforreligiousinstruction;instructionbyquestionandanswerHetaughtbyengaginghispupilsinacatechismuntiltheygavehimthecorrectanswer.categorical伙AtE5gB：iki]adj.withoutexceptions;unqualified;absoluteThoughthecaptainclaimedhewasnever,neversickatsea,hefinallyqualifiedhiscategoricaldenial;hewashardlyeversickatsea.catharsis[kE5WB：sis]n.[catharses]purgingorcleansingofanypassageofthebodyAristotlemaintainedthattragedycreatedacatharsisbypurgingthesoulofbaseconcepts.cathartic[kE5WB：tik]n.purgativeSomedrugsactaslaxativeswhentakeninsmalldoses,butactascatharticswhentakeninmuchlargerdoses.catholic[5kAWElik]adj.universal;wide-rangingliberalHewasextremelycatholicinhistasteandreadeverythinghecouldfindinthelibrary.CaUCUS[5kR:kEs]n.[caucuses]privatemeetingofmembersofapartytoselectofficersordeterminepolicyAttheopeningofCongressthemembersoftheDemocraticPartyheldacaucustoelectthemajorityleaderoftheHouseandthepartywhip.

41caulk[kR:k]v.[caulked;caulked;caulking]tomakewatertight(bypluggingseams)Whenwaterfromtheshowerleakedintothebasement,weknewitwastimetocaulkthetilesattheedgesoftheshowerstall.causal[5kR:zEl]adj.implyingacause-and-effectrelationshipThepsychologistmaintainedtherewasacausalrelationshipbetweenthenatureofone'searlychildhoodexperiencesandone'sadultpersonality.caustic[5kR:stik]adj.burning;sarcasticallybitingThecritic'scausticremarksangeredthehaplessactorswhowerethesubjectsofhissarcasm.Cauterize[5kR:tEraiz]v.[cauterized;cauterized;cauterizing]burnwithhotironorcausticInordertopreventinfection,thedoctorcauterizedthewound.cavalcade[kAvl5keid]n.procession;paradeAsdescribedbyChaucer,thecavalcadeofCanterburypilgrimswasmotleygroup.cavalier[5kAvE5iiE]n.[cavaliers]casualandoffhand;arrogantSensitiveabouthavingherideastakenlightly,MarciafeltinsultedbyMark'scavalierdismissalofhersuggestion.cavil[5kAvl]v.[caviled,cavilled;caviled,cavilled;caviling,cavilling]makefrivolousobjectionsIrespectyoursensiblecriticisms,butIdislikethewayyoucavilaboutunimportantdetails.cede[si：d]v.[ceded;ceded;ceding]transfer;yieldtitletoIintendtocedethispropertytothecity.Celerity[si51eriti]n.speed;rapidityHamletresentedhismother'scelerityinremarryingwithinamonthafterhisfather'sdeath.celestial[si5iestjEi]adj.heavenlyShespokeofthecelestialjoysthatawaitedvirtuoussoulsinthehereafter.celibate[5seiEbit]adj.abstainingfromsexualintercourse;unmarriedThoughthelateHavelockElliswroteextensivelyaboutsexualcustomsandwasconsideredanexpertinsuchmatters,recentstudiesmaintainhewascelibatethroughouthislife.Censor[5sensE]n.[censors]overseerofmorals;personwhoeliminatesinappropriatematterSoldiersdislikehavingtheirmailreadbyacensorbutunderstandtheneedforthisprecaution.Censorious[sen5sR:riEs]adj.criticalcensoriouspeopledelightincastingblame.Censure[5senFE]v.[censured;censured;censuring]blame;criticizeHewascensuredforhisinappropriatebehavior.

42centaur[5sentR：]n.[centaurs]mythicalfigure,halfmanandhalfhorseIwasparticularlyimpressedbythestatueofthecentaurintheRomanHallofthemuseum.centigrade[5sentigreid]adj.denotingawidelyusedtemperaturescale(basicallysameasCelsius)Onthecentigradethermometer,thefreezingpointofwateriszerodegrees.centrifugal[sen5trifjugEl]adj.radiating;departingfromthecenterManyautomaticdryingmachinesremoveexcessmoisturefromclothingbycentrifugalforce.centrifuge[5sentrifju:dV]n.machinethatseparatessubstancesbywhirlingthemAtthedairy,weemployacentrifugetoseparatecreamfrommilk.centripetal[senStripiti]adj.tendingtowardthecenterDoescentripetalforceortheforceofgravitybringorbitingbodiestotheearth'ssurface?centurion[sen5tjuriEn]n.RomanarmyofficerBecausehewasincommandofacompanyofonehundredsoldiers,hewascalledacenturion.cerebral[5serEbrEi]adj.pertainingtothebrainorintellectThecontentofphilosophicalworksiscerebralinnatureandrequiresmuchthought.cerebration[serE5breiFEn]n.thoughtMathematicsproblemssometimesrequiremuchcerebration.ceremonious[seri5mEunjEs]adj.markedbyformalityOrdinarydresswouldbeinappropriateatsoceremoniousanaffair.Cessation[se5seiFEn]n.[cessations]stoppingTheworkersthreatenedacessationofallactivitiesiftheirdemandswerenotmet.Cession[5seFEn]n.yieldingtoanother;cedingThecessionofAlaskatotheUnitedStatesisdiscussedinthischapter.chafe[tFeif]v.[chafed;chafed;chafing]warmbyrubbingThecollarchafedhisneck.chaff[tFAf]n.worthlessproductsofanendeavorWhenyouseparatethewheatfromthechaff,besureyouthrowoutthechaff.chaffing0adj.bantering;jokingSometimeshisflippantandchaffingremarksannoyus.Chagrin[5FAgrinzFE5grin]n.vexation;disappointmentHerrefusaltogowithusfilleduswithchagrin.chalice[stFAiis]n.[chalices]goblet;consecratedcupInasmallroomadjoiningthecathedral,manyornatelydecoratedchalicesmadebythemost

43famousEuropeangoldsmithswereondisplay.chameleon[kE5mi：1jEn]n.lizardthatchangescolorindifferentsituationsLikethechameleon,heassumedthepoliticalcolorationofeverygrouphemet.champion[stFAmpjEn]v.[championed;championed;championing]supportmilitantlyMartinLutherKing,Jr.,wontheNobelPeacePrizebecausehechampionedtheoppressedintheirstruggleforequality.Chaotic[kei5Rtik]adj.inutterdisorderHetriedtobringorderintothechaoticstateofaffairs.charisma[kESrizmE]n.[charismata,charism]divinegift;greatpopularcharmorappealPoliticalcommentatorshavedeploredtheimportanceofacandidate'scharismainthesedaysoftelevisioncampaigning.charlatan[5FB：iEtn]n.quack;pretendertoknowledgeWhentheyrealizedthattheWizarddidn'tknowhowtogetthembacktoKansas,Dorothyandherfriendsweresurethey*dbeendupedbyacharlatan.chary[5tFAri]adj.[charier;chariest]cautious;sparingorrestrainedaboutgivingAprudent,thriftyNewEnglander,DeWittwasascharyofinvestingmoneyinjunkbondsashewascharyofpayingpeopleunnecessarycompliments.chase[tFeis]v.[chased;chased;chasing]ornamentametalsurfacebyindentingWithhishammer,hecarefullychasedanintricatedesignontothesurfaceofthechalice.Chasm[tFAzEm]n.[chasms]abyssTheycouldnotseethebottomofthechasm.Chassis[5FAsi]n.[chassis]frameworkandworkingpartsofanautomobileExaminingthecaraftertheaccident,theownerdiscoveredthatthebodyhadbeenruinedbutthatthechassiswasunharmed.chaste[tFeist]adj.[chaster;chastest]pureHerchasteanddecorousgarbwasappropriatelyselectedforthesolemnityoftheoccasion.chasten[stFeisn]v.[chastened;chastened;chastening]discipline;punishinordertocorrectWhomGodloves,Godchastens.Chastise[tFAs5taiz]v.[chastised;chastised;chastising]punishImustchastiseyouforthisoffense.chauvinist[-nist]n.blindlydevotedpatriot

44Achauvinistcannotrecognizeanyfaultsinhiscountry,nomatterhowflagranttheymaybe.check[tFek]v.[checked;checked;checking]stopmotion;curborrestrainThrustingoutherarm,GrandmacheckedBobby'slungeathissister.MYoungman,*'shesaid,Myou'dbettercheckyourtemper.**checkered['tFekEd]adj.markedbychangesinfortuneDuringhischeckeredcareerhehadlivedinpalatialmansionsandindrearyboardinghouses.cherubic[tFe5ru:bik]adj.angelic;innocent-lookingWithhercheerfulsmileandrosycheeks,shewasaparticularlycherubicchild.chicanery[Fi5keinEri]n.[chicaneries]trickeryYourdeceitfultacticsinthiscaseareindicationsofchicanery.chide[tFaid]v.[chided,chid;chided,chid,chidden;chiding]scoldGrandmabegantochideStevenforhislying.Chimerical[kai5merikl]adj.fantastic;highlyimaginativePoe'schimericalstoriesaresometimestoomorbidforreadinginbed.chivalrous[5FivElrEs]adj.courteous;faithful;bravechivalrousbehaviorinvolvesnoblewordsandgooddeeds.choleric[5kRlErik]adj.hot-temperedHisflushed,angryfaceindicatedacholericnature.choreography[kB：iESgrAfi]n.artofdancingMarthaGrahamintroducedaformofchoreographythatseemedawkwardandalientothosewhohadbeenbroughtuponclassicballet.chronic[5krRnik]n.longestablished,asadiseaseThedoctorswerefinallyabletoattributehischronicheadachesandnauseatotracesofformaldehydegasinhisapartment.chronicle[5krRnikl]v.[chronicled;chronicled;chronicling]report;record(inchronologicalorder)Thegossipcolumnistwaspaidtochroniclethelatestescapadesofthesociallyprominentcelebrities.churlish[5tFE:liF]adj.boorish;rudeDismayedbyhischurlishmannersattheparty,thegirlsvowednevertoinvitehimagain.ciliated[5silieitid]adj.havingminutehairsTheparameciumisaciliated,one-celledanimal.

45cipher[5saifE]n.[ciphers]nonentity;worthlesspersonorthingSheclaimedherex-husbandwasatotalcipherandwonderedwhyshehadevermarriedhim.cipher[5saifE]n.[ciphers]secretcodeLackinghiscodebook,thespywasunabletodecodethemessagesenttohimincipher.circlet[5sE：kiit]n.smallring;bandThistinycircletisverycostlybecauseitissetwithpreciousstones.CirCUitOUS[sE5kju:itEs]adj.roundaboutBecauseofthetrafficcongestiononthemainhighways,shetookacircuitousroute.Circumlocution[sE:kEmlEu5kju:FEn]n.indirectorroundaboutexpressionHewasafraidtocallspadeaspadeandresortedtocircumlocutionstoavoiddirectreferencetohissubject.Circumscribe[sE:kEm5skraib]v.[circumscribed;circumscribed;circumscribing]limit;confineAlthoughIdonotwishtocircumscribeyouractivities,Imustinsistthatyoucompletethisassignmentbeforeyoustartanythingelse.circumspect[5sE:kEmspekt]adj.prudent;cautiousInvestigatingbeforeacting,shetriedalwaystobecircumspect.Circumvent[sE:kEm5vent]v.[circumvented;circumvented;circumventing]outwit;baffleInordertocircumventtheenemy,wewillmaketwopreliminaryattacksinothersectionsbeforestartingourmajorcampaign.citadel[5sitEdi]n.[citadels]fortressThecitadeloverlookedthecitylikeaprotectingangel.cite[sait]n.quote;commendShecouldcitepassagesintheBiblefrommemory.civil[5sivl]adj.havingtodowithcitizensorthestate;courteousandpoliteAlthoughinternalRevenueServiceagentsarecivilservants,theyarenotalwaysciviltosuspectedtaxevaders.clairvoyant[kizE5vRiEnt]adj.havingforesightn.fortunetellerCassandra'sclairvoyantwarningwasnotheededbytheTrojans.clamber[5kiAmbE]v.[clambered;clambered;clambering]climbbycrawlingSheclamberedoverthewall.Clamor[5klAmE]n.noiseTheclamorofthechildrenatplayoutsidemadeitimpossibleforhertotakeanap.Clandestine[klAn5destin]adj.secretAfteravoidingtheirchaperon,thelovershadaclandestinemeeting.

46clangor[5kiANgEz-ne]n.loud,resoundingnoiseTheblacksmithwasaccustomedtotheclangorofhammersonsteel.clapper[SkiApE]n.striker(tongue)ofabellWishingtobeundisturbedbythebell,Dalewoundhisscarfaroundtheclappertomuffleitsstriking.Clarion[5klAriEn]n.shrill,trumpetlikesoundWewoketotheclariontomuffleitsstriking.Claustrophobia[klR:strE5fEubiE]n.fearofbeinglockedinHisfellowclassmateslaughedathisclaustrophobiaandoftenthreatenedtolockhiminhisroom.Clavicle[5klAvikl]n.collarboneEventhoughheworeshoulderpads,thefootballplayerbrokehisclavicleduringapracticescrimmage.cleave[kii：v]v.[cleaved,cleft,clove;cleaved,cleft,cloven;cleaving]splitasunderThelighteningcleavesthetreeintwo.cleft[kleft]n.splitErosioncausedacleftinthehugeboulder.Clemency[5klemEnsi]n.[clemencies]dispositiontobelenient;mildness,asoftheweatherThelawyerwaspleasedwhenthecasewassenttoJudgeSmith'schambersbecauseSmithwasnotedforherclemencytowardfirstoffenders.Cliche[5kli:Fei]n.phraseculledinmeaningbyrepetitionHighschoolcompositionsareoftenmarredbysuchclichesas“strongasanox.”Clientele[klaiEn5tel]n.bodyofcustomersTherockclubattractedayoung,stylishclientele.climactic[klai5mAktik]adj.relatingtothehighestpointWhenhereachedtheclimacticportionsofthebook,hecouldnotstopreading.clime[klaim]n.[climes]region;climateHisdoctorsadvisedhimtomovetoamilderclime.clique[kii：k]n.small,exclusivegroupShechargedthatacliquehadassumedcontrolofschoolaffairs.cloister[5kiRistE]n.[cloisters]monasteryorconventThenunslivedinthecloister.Clout[klaut]n.greatinfluence(especiallypoliticalorsocial)Gatsbywonderedwhetherhehadenoughclouttobeadmittedtotheexclusiveclub.cloying['kiRiiN]adj.distasteful(becauseexcessive);excessivelysweetorsentimentalDislikingthecloyingsweetnessofstandardweddingcakes,JodyandTomchoseahomemadecarrotcakefortheirreception.

47coagulate[kEu5Agjuleit]v.[coagulated;coagulated;coagulating]thicken;congeal;clotEvenafteryouremovethepuddingfromtheburner,itwillcontinuetocoagulateasitstands.coalesce[kEuE51es]v.[coalesced;coalesced;coalescing]combine;fuseThebrookscoalesceintoonelargeriver.COda[5kEudE]n.[codas]concludingsectionofamusicalorliterarycompositionThepiececoncludedwithadistinctivecodathatstrikinglybroughttogethervariousmotifs.coddle[5kRdl]v.[coddled;coddled;coddling]treatgently;pamperDon'tcoddlethechildrentomuch;theyneedatasteofdiscipline.codicil[5kEudisil]n.supplementtothebodyofawillThiscodicilwasdrawnupfiveyearsafterthewritingoftheoriginalwill.COdify[5kRdifai]v.[codified;codified;codifying]arrange(laws,rules)asacode;classifyWeneedtotakethevaryingrulesandregulationsofthedifferenthealthagenciesandcodifythemintoanationalhealthcode.Coercion[kEu5E:FEn]n.useofforceTheyforcedhimtoobey,butonlybygreatcoercion.coeval[kEu5i：vEl]adj.livingatthesametimeas;contemporarycoevalwiththedinosaur,thepterodactylflourishedduringtheMesozoicera.cog[kRg]n.toothprojectingfromawheelAbicyclechainmovesthroughaseriesofcogsinordertopropelthebike.Cogent[5kEudVEnt]adj.convincingShepresentedcogentargumentstothejury.Cogitate[5kRdViteit]v.[cogitated;cogitated;cogitating]thinkovercogitateonthisproblem;thesolutionwillcome.Cognate[5kRgneit]v.relatedlinguistically;alliedbyblood;similarorakininnatureTheEnglishword“mother“cognatetotheLatinword"mater,"whoseinfluenceisvisibleinthewords"maternal"and"maternity.”cognitive[5kRgnitiv]adj.havingtodowithknowingorperceivingrelatedtothementalprecessesThoughJackwasemotionallyimmature,hiscognitivedevelopmentwasadmirable;hewasveryadvancedintellectually.cognizance[5kagnEzEns]n.knowledge

48Duringtheelectioncampaign,thetwocandidateswerekeptinfullcognizanceoftheinternationalsituation.Cohere[kEu5hir]v.[cohered;cohered;cohering]sticktogetherSolidshaveagreatertendencytocoherethanliquids.Cohesion[kEu5hiVEn]n.tendencytokeeptogetherAfirmbelieverinthemaxim"Divideandconquer,**theemperor,byliesandtrickery,soughttodisruptthecohesionofthefreenations.cohorts[]n.armedbandCaesarandhisRomancohortsconqueredalmostalloftheknownworld.COiffure[kwB:5fjuE]n.[coiffures]hairstyleYoucanmakeastatementwithyourchoiceofcoiffure:inthe60'smanyAfrican-AmericansaffirmedtheirracialheritagebywearingtheirhairinAfros.coincident[kEu5insidEnt]adj.occurringatthesametimeSomepeoplefindthecoincidenteventsinHardy'snovelsannoyinglyimprobable.colander[5kQiEndE]n.utensilwithperforatedbottomusedforstrainingBeforeservingthespaghetti,placeitinacolandertodrainit.Collaborate[kE51AbEreit]v.[collaborated;collaborated;collaborating]worktogetherTwowriterscollaboratedinpreparingthisbook.collage[kE5iB：v]n.workofartputtogetherfromfragmentsScrapsofcloth,paperdoilies,andoldphotographsallwentintohercollage.collate[kR51eit]v.[collated;collated;collating]examineinordertoverifyauthenticity;arrangeinorderTheycollatedthenewlyfoundmanuscriptstodeterminetheirage.collateral[kESiAtErEi]n.[collaterals]securitygivenforloanThesumyouwishtoborrowissolargethatitmustbesecuredbycollateral.collation[kR51eiFnzkE-]n.alightmealTeasandwichesandcookieswereofferedatthecollation.colloquial[kE51EukwiEl]adj.pertainingtoconversationalorcommonspeechYouruseofcolloquialexpressionsinaformalessaysuchastheoneyouhavepresentedspoilstheeffectyouhopetoachieve.

49Colloquy[5kRlEkwi]n.[colloquies]informaldiscussionIenjoyourcolloquiesbutIsometimeswishthattheycouldbemademoreformalandmoresearching.COllUSion[kE51uVEn]n.conspiringinafraudulentschemeTheswindlerswerefoundguiltyofcollusion.colossal[kE51Rsl]adj.hugeRadioCityMusicHallhasacolossalstage.COlOSSUS[kE51RsEs]n.[colossi,colossuses]giganticstatueThelegendaryColossusofRhodes,bronzestatueofthesungodthatdominatedtheharboroftheGreekseaport,wasoneoftheSevenWondersoftheWorld.COmatOSe[5kRmEtEus]adj.inacoma;extremelysleepyThelong-windedoratorsoonhadhisaudienceinacomatosestate.combustible[kEm5bQstEbl]adj.easilyburnedAftertherecentoutbreakoffiresinprivatehomes,thefirecommissionerorderedthatallcombustiblematerialsbekeptinsafecontainers.Comely[5kQmli]adj.[comelier;comeliest]attractive;agreeableIwouldratherhaveapoorandcomelywifethanarichandhomelyone.

50comestible[kE5mestibl]n.[comestibles]somethingfittobeeatenTheroastturkeyandothercomestibles,thewines,andtheexcellentservicemadethisThanksgivingdinnerparticularlymemorable.comeuppance[kQm5QpEns]n.rebuke;desertsAfterhisearlierrudeness,weweredelightedtoseehimgethiscomeuppance.comity[5kRmiti]n.[comities]courtesy;civilityAspiritofcomityshouldexistamongnations.commandeer[kRmEnSdiE]v.[commandeered;commandeered;commandeering]todraftformilitarypurposes;totakeforpublicuseThepolicemancommandeeredthefirstcarthatapproachedandorderedthedrivertogotothenearesthospital.Commemorative[kE5memErEtiv]adj.remembering;honoringThenewcommemorativestamphonorsthelateMartinLutherKing,Jr.Commensurate[kE5menFErit]adj.equalinextentYourrewardwillbecommensuratewithyoureffort.Commiserate[kE5mizE5ret]v.[commiserated;commiserated;commiserating]feelorexpresspityorsympathyforHerfriendscommiseratedwiththewidow.commodious[kE5mEudjEs]adj.spaciousandcomfortableAftersleepinginasmallroadsidecabins,theyfoundtheirhotelsuitecommodious.communal[SkRmjuni]adj.heldincommon;ofagroupofpeopleWhentheyweredivorced,theyhadtroubledividingtheircommunalproperty.compact[5kRmpAkt,kEm5pAkt]n.agreement;contractThesignersoftheMayflowerCompactwereestablishingaformofgovernmentcompact[5kRmpAktzkEm5pAkt]adj.tightlypacked;firm;briefHisshort,compactbodywasbettersuitedtowrestlingthantobasketball.compatible[kEm5pAtEbi]adj.harmonious;inharmonywithTheywerecompatibleneighbors,neverquarrelingoverunimportantmatters.Compelling[kEm5peliN]adj.overpowering;irresistibleineffectTheprosecutorpresentedawell-reasonedcase,butthedefenseattorney'scompelling

51argumentsforleniencywonoverthejury.compendium[kEm5pendiEm]n.[compendiums,compendia]brief,comprehensivesummaryThistextcanserveasacompendiumofthetremendousamountofnewmaterialbeingdevelopedinthisfield.compensatory[kEm5pensEtEuri]adj.makingupfor;repayingCanacompensatoryeducationprogrammakeupfortheinadequateschoolinghereceivedinearlieryears?compilation[,kRmpi51eiFEn]n.listingofstatisticalinformationintabularorbookformThecompilationofavailablescholarshipsservesaveryvaluablepurpose.complacent[kEm5pleisent]adj.self-satisfiedTherewasacomplacentlookonhisfaceasheexaminedhispaintings.complaisant[kEm5pleiznt]adj.tryingtoplease;obligingThecourtierobeyedtheking'sordersinacomplaisantmanner.Complement[5kEmplimEnt]v.complete;consummate;makeperfectThewaiterrecommendedaglassofporttocomplementthecheese.compliance[kEm5plaiEns]n.conformityinfulfillingrequirements;readinesstoyieldThedesignforthenewschoolhadtobeincompliancewiththelocalbuildingcode.compliant[kEm5plaiEnt]adj.yieldingHewascompliantandreadytogoalongwithhisfriends*desires.complicity[kEm5plisiti]n.[complicities]participation;involvementYoucannotkeepyourcomplicityinthisaffairsecretverylong;youwouldbewisetoadmityourinvolvementimmediately.component[kEm5pEunEnt]n.[components]element;ingredientIwishallthecomponentsofmystereosystemwereworkingatthesametime.comport[kEm5pR:t]v.[comported;comported;comporting]bearone'sself;behaveHecomportedhimselfwithgreatdignity.Composure[kEm5pEuVE]n.mentalcalmnessEventhelatestworkcrisisfailedtoshakehercomposure.Compound[5kRmpauncirkEm5paund]

52v.combine;constitute;payinterest;increaseThemakersofthepopularcoldremedycompoundedanasaldecongestantwithanantihistamine.Comprehensive[5kRmpri5hensiv]adj.thorough;inclusiveThisbookprovidesacomprehensivereviewofverbalandmathskillsfortheSAT.compress[kEm5pres]v.[compressed;compressed;compressing]close;squeeze;contractShecompressedthepackageunderherarm.Comprise[kEm5praiz]v.[comprised;comprised;comprising]include;consistofIftheDistrictofColumbiaweretobegrantedastatehood,theUnitedStatesofAmericawouldcomprisefifty-onestates,notjustfifty.compromise[5kRmprEmaiz]v.[compromised;compromised;compromising]adjust;endangertheinterestsorreputationofYourpresenceatthesceneofthedisputecompromisesourclaimtoneutralityinthismatter.compunction[kEm5pQNkFEn]n.remorseThejudgewasespeciallysevereinthissentencingbecausehefeltthatthecriminalhadshownnocompunctionforhisheinouscrime.compute[kEm5pju:t]v.[computed;computed;computing]reckon;calculateHefailedtocomputetheinterest,sohisbankbalancewasnotaccurate.concatenate[kRn5kAtineit]v.[concatenated;concatenated;concatenating]linkasinachainItisdifficulttounderstandhowtheseeventscouldconcatenateastheydidwithoutoutsideassistance.concave[5kRn5keiv]adj.hollowTheback-packersfoundpartialshelterfromthestormbyhuddlingagainsttheconcavewallofthecliff.concede[kEn5si:d]v.[conceded;conceded;conceding]admit;grantDespitealltheevidenceMonicahadassembled,Markrefusedtoconcedethatshewasright.conceit[kEn5si:t]n.[conceits]whimsicalidea;extravagantmetaphorHewasanentertainingcompanion,alwaysexpressinghimselfinamusingconceitsandwittyturnsofphrase.concentric[kEn5sentrik]adj.havingacommoncenterThetargetwasmadeofconcentriccircles.conception[kEn5sepFEn]

53n.[conceptions]beginning;formingofaideaAtthefirstconceptionofthework,hewasconsulted.concerted[kEn5sE：tid]adj.mutuallyagreedon;donetogetherThegirlscoutsinthetroopmadeaconcertedefforttoraisefundsfortheirannualouting,andemittedaconcertedsighwhentheirleaderannouncedthattheyhadreachedtheirgoal.concession[kEn5seFEn]n.[concessions]anactofyieldingBeforetheycouldreachanagreement,bothsideshadtomakecertainconcessions.conciliatory[kEn5siliEtEri]adj.reconciling;soothingShewasstillangrydespitehisconciliatorywords.concise[kEn5sais]adj.briefandcompactWhenyoudefineanewword,beconcise;theshorterthedefinition,theeasieritistoremember.conclave[5kRnkleiv]n.privatemeetingHewaspresentatalltheirconclavesasanunofficialobserver.conclusive[kEn5klu:siv]adj.decisive;endingalldebateWhenthestolenbooksturnedupinJohn'slocker,wefinallyhadconclusiveevidenceoftheidentityofthemysteriousthief.COriCOCt[kEn5kRkt]v.[concocted;concocted;concocting]preparebycombining;makeupinconcertHowdidtheinventivechefeverconcoctsuchstrangedish?concomitant[kEn5kRmitEnt]n.thatwhichaccompaniesCultureisnotalwaysaconcomitantofwealth.COnCOrd[5kRNkR：d]n.[concords]harmonyWatchingTweediedumandTweedledeebattle,Alicewonderedwhythetwobrotherscouldnotmanagetolifeinconcord.concur[kEn5kE:]v.[concurred;concurred;concurring]agreeDidyouconcurwiththedecisionofthecourtordidyoufinditunfair?concurrent[kEn5kQrEnt]adj.happeningatthesametimeInAmerica,thecolonistswereresistingthedemandsofthemothercountry;attheconcurrentmomentinFrance,themiddleclasswassowingtheseedsofrebellion.condescend[kRndi5send]v.[condescended;condescended;condescending]bestowcourtesieswithasuperiorairThekingcondescendedtograntanaudiencetothefriendsofthecondemnedman.

54condign[kEn5dain]adj.adequate;deservedlysevereThepublicapprovedthecondignpunishmentforthecrime.condiments[]n.seasonings;spicesSpanishfoodisfullofcondiments.Condole[kEn5dEul]v.[condoled;condoled;condoling]expresssympatheticsorrowHisfriendsgatheredtocondolewithhimoverhisloss.condone[kEn5dEun]v.[condoned;condoned;condoning]overlook;forgive;givetacitapproval;excuseUnlikeWidowDouglass,whocondonedHuck'sminoroffenses,MissWatsondidnothingbutscold.conducive[kEn5dju:siv]n.helpful;contributiveRestandproperdietareconducivetogoodhealth.Conduit[5kRndit]n.[conduits]aqueduct;passagewayforfluidsWaterwasbroughttothearmyinthedesertbyanimprovisedconduitfromtheadjoiningmountain.confidant[kRnfi5dAnt]n.trustedfriendHehadnoconfidantswithwhomhecoulddiscusshisproblemsathome.confiscate[5kRnfiskeit]v.[confiscated;confiscated;confiscating]seize;commandeerThearmyconfiscatedallavailablesuppliesofuranium.conflagration[kRnflE5greiFEn]n.[conflagrations]greatfireIntheconflagrationthatfollowedthe1906earthquake,muchofSanFranciscowasdestroyed.confluence[5kRnfluEns]n.[confluences]flowingtogether;crowdTheybuiltthecityattheconfluenceoftworivers.conformity[kEn5fR:miti]n.harmony;agreementInconformitywithourrulesandregulations,Iamcallingameetingofourorganization.confound[kEn5faund]v.[confounded;confounded;confounding]confuse;puzzle

55NomysterycouldconfoundSherlockHolmesforlong.Congeal[kEn5dVi:l]v.[congealed;congealed;congealing]freeze;coagulateHisbloodcongealedinhisveinsashesawthedreadmonsterrushtowardhim.congenial[kEn5dvi：njEi]adj.pleasant;friendlyMyfatherlovedtogooutforamealwithcongenialcompanions.Congenital[kEn5dVenitl]adj.existingatbirthHiscongenitaldeformitydisturbedhisparents.conglomeration[kEnglRmE5reiFEn]n.massofmaterialstickingtogetherInsuchaconglomerationofmiscellaneousstatistics,itwasimpossibletofindasingleareaofanalysis.congruence[5kRNgruEns]n.correspondenceofparts;harmoniousrelationshipThestudentdemonstratedthecongruenceofthetwotrianglesbyusingthehypotenuse-armtheorem.Conifer[5kEunifE]n.pinetree;cone-bearingtreeAccordingtogeologists,theconiferswerethefirstplantstobearflowers.conjecture[kEn5dVektFE]n.[conjectures]surmise;guessIwillendallyourconjectures;IadmitIamguiltyascharged.conjugal[5kRndVugl]adj.pertainingtomarriageTheirdreamsofconjugalblisswereshatteredassoonastheirtemperamentsclashed.Conjure[5kQndVEzkEn5dVuE]v.[conjured;conjured;conjuring]summonadevil;proactivemagic;imagine;inventHeconjuredupanimageofareformedcityandhadthevoterscompletelyunderhisspell.connivance[kE5naivEns]n.pretenseofignoranceofsomethingwrong;assistance;permissiontooffendWiththeconnivanceofhisfriends,heplottedtoembarrasstheteacher.connoisseur[kR：ni5sE：]n.[connoisseurs]personcompetenttoactasjudgeofart,etc.;aloverofanartShehaddevelopedintoaconnoisseuroffinechina.connotation[kRnEu5teiFEn]n.suggestedorimpliedmeaningofanexpressionForeignersfrequentlyareunawareoftheconnotationsofthewordstheyuse.Connubial[kE5nju:bjEl]adj.pertainingtomarriageorthematrimonialstate

56Inhistelegram,hewishedthenewlywedsalifetimeofconnubialbliss.Consanguinity[kRnsAN5gwiniti]n.kinshipThelawsuitdevelopedintoatestoftheconsanguinityoftheclaimanttotheestate.conscientious[5kRnFi5enFEs]adj.scrupulous;carefulAconscientiouseditorcheckedeverydefinitionforitsaccuracy.conscript[5kRnskript]n.draftee;personforcedintomilitaryserviceDidRambovolunteertofightinVietnam,orwasheaconscript,draftedagainsthiswill?consecrate[5kRnsikreit]v.[consecrated;consecrated;consecrating]dedicate;sanctifyWeshallconsecrateourlivestothisnoblepurpose.consensus[kEn5sensEs]n.[consensuses]generalagreementTheconsensusindicatesthatweareopposedtoenteringintothispact.consequential[5kRnsi5kwenFl]adj.pompous;self-importantConvincedofhisownimportance,theactorstruttedaboutthedressingroomwithaconsequentialair.Conservatory[kEn5sE:vEtEuri]n.[conservatories]schoolofthefinearts(especiallymusicordrama)Agiftedviolinist,Maryawasselectedtostudyattheconservatory.consign[kEn5sain]v.[consigned;consigned;consigning]deliverofficially;entrust;setapartThecourtconsignedthechildtoherpaternalgrandmother'scare.consistency[kEn5sistEnsi]n.[consistencies]absenceofcontradictions;dependability;uniformity;degreeofthicknessHolmesjudgedpuddingsandexplanationsontheirconsistency;helikedhispuddingswithoutlumpsandhisexplanationswithoutimprobabilities.Console[kEn5sEul]v.[consoled;consoled;consoling]lessensadnessordisappointment;givecomfortWhenherfatherdied,MariusdidhisbesttoconsoleCosette.consonance[5kRnsEnEns]n.harmony;agreementHeragitationseemedoutofconsonancewithherusualcalm.consort[5kRnsR:tzkEn5sR:t]v.associatewithWefrequentlyjudgepeoplebythecompanywithwhomtheyconsort.consort[5kRnsR:tzkEn5sR:t]n.[consorts]husbandorwife

57ThesearchforaconsortfortheyoungQueenVictoriaendedhappily.conspiracy[kEn5spirEsi]n.[conspiracies]treacherousplotBrutusandCassiusjoinedintheconspiracytokillJuliusCaesar.Consternation[kRnstE(:)5neiFEn]n.anxiety,dismayLincolnisfamousforsayingthattheconsternationsduringthecivilwarhadlefthimdecrepit.Constituent[kEn5stitjuEnt]n.[constituents]supporterThecongressmanreceivedhundredsoflettersfromangryconstituentsaftertheEqualRightsAmendmentfailedtopass.constraint[kEn5streint]n.[constraints]compulsion;repressionoffeelingsTherewasafeelingofconstraintintheroombecausenoonedaredtocriticizethespeaker.construe[kEn5stru:]v.[construed;construed;construing]explain;interpretIfIconstrueyourremarkscorrectly,youdisagreewiththetheoryalreadyadvanced.consummate[kEn5sQmit]adj.completeIhaveneverseenanyonewhomakesasmanystupiderrorsasyoudo;youmustbeaconsummateidiot.Contagion[kEn5teidVEn]n.[contagions]infectionFearingcontagion,theytookdrasticstepstopreventthespreadofthedisease.contaminate[kEn5tAmineit]v.[contaminated;contaminated;contaminating]polluteThesewagesystemofthecitysocontaminatedthewaterthatswimmingwasforbidden.contempt[kEn5tempt]n.scorn;disdainEvenifyoufeelsuperiortoothers,itisunwisetoshowyourcontemptforthem.contend[kEn5tend]v.[contended;contended;contending]struggle;compete;assertearnestlyInRevoltoftheBlackAthlete,sociologistHarryEdwardscontendsthatyoungblackathleteshavebeenexploitedbysomecollegerecruiters.contentious[kEn5tenFEs]adj.quarrelsomeWeheardloudandcontentiousnoisesinthenextroom.contest[kEn5test,5kRntest]v.disputeThedefeatedcandidateattemptedtocontesttheelectionresults.context[5kRntekst]

58n.[contexts]writingsprecedingandfollowingthepassagequotedBecausetheselinesaretakenoutofcontext,theydonotconveythemessagetheauthorintended.contiguous[kEn5tigjuEs]adj.adjacentto;touchinguponThetwocountriesarecontiguousforafewmiles;thentheyareseparatedbythegulf.Continence[5kRntinEns]n.self-restraint;sexualchastityShevowedtoleadalifeofcontinence.contingent[kEn5tindVEnt]adj.conditionalThecontinuationofthiscontractiscontingentonthequalityofyourfirstoutput.contortions[]n.twistings;distortionsAstheeffectsoftheopiateworeaway,thecontortionsofthepatientbecamemoreviolentanddemonstratedhowmuchpainshewasenduring.contraband[5kRntrEbAnd]n.illegaltrade;smuggling;smuggledgoodsThecoastguardtriestopreventcontrabandinU.S.waters.Contravene[kRntrE5vin]v.[contravened;contravened;contravening]contradict;oppose:infringeonortransgressMr.BarrettdidnotexpecthisfraildaughterElizabethtocontravenehiswillbyelopingwithRobertBrowning.contrite[5kRntrait]adj.penitentHercontritetearsdidnotinfluencethejudgewhenheimposedsentence.contrived[kEn5traivd]adj.forced;artificial;notspontaneousFeelingillateasewithhisnewin-laws;Jamesmadeafewcontrivedattemptsatconversationandthenretreatedintosilence.Controvert[5kRntrEvE：t]v.[controverted;controverted;controverting]opposewitharguments;contradictTocontrovertyourtheorywillrequiremuchtimebutitisessentialthatwedisproveit.contumacious[kRntju5meiFEs]adj.disobedient;resistingauthorityThecontumaciousmobshouteddefiantlyatthepolice.contusion[kEn5tju:VEn]n.bruiseShewastreatedforcontusionsandabrasions.

59n.riddle;difficultproblemDuringthelongcarride,sheinventedconundrumstoentertainthechildren.Convene[kEn5vi:n]v.[convened;convened;convening]assembleBecausemuchisneededlegislationhadtobeenacted,thegovernororderedthelegislaturetoconveneinspecialsessionbyJanuary15.convention[kEn5venFEn]n.[conventions]socialormoralcustom;establishedpracticeFlyinginthefaceofconvention,GeorgeSand(AmandineDudevant)shockedhercontemporariesbytakingloversandwearingmen'sclothes.Conventional[kEn5venFEnl]adj.ordinary;typicalHisconventionalupbringinglefthimwhollyunpreparedforhiswife'seccentricfamily.converge[kEn5vE：dv]v.[converged;converged;converging]cometogetherMarchersconvergedonWashingtonforthegreatSaveOurCities-SaveOurChildrenMarch.Conversant[kRn5vE:sEnt]adj.familiarwithThelawyerisconversantwithalltheevidence.Converse[kEn5vE:s,5kRnvE:s]n.oppositeTheinevitableconverseofpeaceisnotwarbutannihilation.Convert[kEn5vE:t,5kRnvE:t]n.onewhohasadoptedadifferentreligionoropinionOnhistriptoJapan,thoughthePresidentspokeatlengthaboutthemeritsofAmericanautomobiles,hemadefewconvertstohisbeliefs.convex[5kRnveks]adj.curvingoutwardHepolishedtheconvexlensofhistelescope.conveyance[kEn5veiEns]n.[conveyances]vehicle;transferDuringthetransitstrike,commutersusedvariouskindsofconveyances.conviction[kEn5vikFEn]n.[convictions]stronglyheldbeliefNothingcouldshakehisconvictionthatshewasinnocent.Convivial[kEn5viviEl]adj.festive;gay;characterizedbyjovialityTheconvivialcelebratorsofthevictorysangtheircollegesongs.convoke[kEn5vEuk]v.[convoked;convoked;convoking]calltogetherCongresswasconvokedattheoutbreakoftheemergency.

60convoluted[5kRnvElju:tid]adj.coiledaround;involved;intricateHisargumentwassoconvolutedthatfewofuscouldfollowaitintelligently.copious[5kEupjEs]adj.plentifulShehadcopiousreasonsforrejectingtheproposal.Coquette[kEu5ketzkR5ket]n.flirtBecausesherefusedtogivehimananswertohisproposalofmarriage,hecalledheracoquette.cordial[5kR：djEi]adj.[morecordial;mostcordial]gracious;heartfeltOurhostsgreetedusattheairportwithacordialwelcomeandaheartyhug.cordon[5kR:dn]n.extendedlineofmenorfortificationstopreventaccessoregressThepolicecordonwassotightthatthecriminalscouldnotleavethearea.cornice[5kR：nis]n.[cornices]projectingmoldingonbuilding(usuallyabovecolumns)Becausethestonesformingthecornicehadbeenloosenedbythestorms,thepoliceclosedthebuildinguntilrepairscouldbemade.Cornucopia[kR:nju5kEupiE]n.[cornucopias]hornoverflowingwithfruitandgrain;symbolofabundanceTheencyclopediasalesmanclaimedtheneweditionwasaveritablecornucopiaofinformation,aninexhaustiblesourceofknowledgefortheentirefamily.Corollary[5kB:ElEri]n.[corollaries]consequence;accompanimentBrotherlyloveisacomplexemotion,withasiblingrivalryitsnaturalcorollary.corporeal[kR:5pR:riEl]adj.bodily;materialHewasnotachurchgoer;hewasinterestedonlyincorporealmatters.Corpulent[5kE:pjulEnt]adj.veryfatThecorpulentmanresolvedtoreduce.correlation[kRri51eiFEn]n.[correlations]mutualrelationshipHesoughttodeterminethecorrelationthatexistedbetweenabilityinalgebraandabilitytointerpretreadingexercises.Corroborate[kE5rRbEreit]v.[corroborated;corroborated;corroborating]confirmUnlesswefindawitnesstocorroborateyourevidence,itwillnotstandupincourt.adj.eatingawaybychemicalsordiseaseStainlesssteelisabletowithstandtheeffectsofcorrosivechemicals.Corrugated[5kB:Egeitid]adj.wrinkled;ridgedShewishedshecouldsmoothawaythewrinklesfromhiscorrugatedbrow.COSmiC[5kRzmik]

61adj.pertainingtotheuniverse;vastcosmicraysderivetheirnamefromthefactthattheybombardtheearth,satmospherefromouterspace.COterie[5kEutEri]n.groupthatmeetssocially;selectcircleAfterhisbookhadbeenpublished,hewasinvitedtojointheliterarycoteriethatluncheddailyatthehotel.countenance[5kauntinEns]v.[countenanced;countenanced;countenancing]approve;tolerateHerefusedtocountenancesuchrudebehaviorontheirpart.countenance[5kauntinEns]n.[countenances]faceWhenJosesawhisnewborndaughter,aproudsmilespreadacrosshiscountenance.countermand[5kauntE5ma:nd]v.[countermanded;countermanded;countermanding]cancel;revokeThegeneralcountermandtheordersissuedinhisabsence.counterpart[SkauntEpa：t]n.[counterparts]athingthatcompletesanother;thingsverymuchalikeNightanddayarecounterparts.coup[5ku:]n.[coups]highlysuccessfulactionorsuddenattackAsthenewsofhiscoupspreadthroughoutWallStreet,hisfellowbrokersdroppedbytocongratulatehim.couple[5kQpl]v.[coupled;coupled;coupling]join;uniteTheFlyingKaramazovscoupleexpertjugglingandamateurjokingintheirnightclubact.Courier[5kuriE]n.[couriers]messengerThepublishersentaspecialcouriertopickupthemanuscript.covenant[5kQvinEnt]n.[covenants]agreementWemustcomplywiththetermsofthecovenant.covert[kQvEt]adj.secret;hidden;impliedShecouldunderstandthecovertthreatintheletter.

62COVetOUS[5kQvEtEs]adj.avaricious;eagerlydesirousofThechildwascovetousbynatureandwantedtotakethetoysbelongingtohisclassmates.COW[kau]v.terrorize;intimidateThelittleboywassocowedbythehulkingbullythathegaveuphislunchmoneywithoutawordofprotest.COWer[5kauE]v.[cowered;cowered;cowering]shrinkquivering,asfromfearThefrightenedchildcoweredinthecorneroftheroom.coy[kRi]adj.[coyer;coyest]shy;modest;coquettishShewascoyinheranswerstohisoffer,cozen[5kQzn]v.[cozened;cozened;cozening]cheat;hoodwink;swindleHewasthekindofindividualwhowouldcozenhisfriendsinacheapcardgamebutremaineminentlyethicalinallhisbusinessdealings.crabbed[5krAbid]adj.sour;peevishThechildrenavoidedthecrabbedoldmanbecausehescoldedthemwhentheymadenoise.crass[krAs]adj.[crasser;crassest]veryunrefined;grosslyinsensibleThephilosophersdeploredthecrasscommercialism.Craven[5kreivEn]adj.cowardlyWhenhesawtheenemytroopsadvancing,hehadacravenimpulsetorunforhislife.credence[5kri：dEns]n.beliefDonotplaceanycredenceinhispromises.Credo[5kri:dEu]n.[credos]creedIbelievewemaybestdescribehiscredobysayingthatitapproximatestheGoldenRule.credulity[kri5dju:liti]n.beliefonslightevidenceThewitchdoctortookadvantageofthecredulityofthesuperstitiousnatives.creed[kri：d]n.[creeds]systemofreligiousorethicalbeliefInanyloyalAmerican'screed,loveofdemocracymustbeemphasized.crescendo[kri:5FendEu]n.[crescendos,crescendi]increaseinthevolumeorintensity,asinamusicalpassage;climaxTheoverturesuddenlychangedfromaquietpastoralthemetoacrescendofeaturingblaring

63trumpetsandclashingcymbals.crestfallen[5kreistfR:lEn]adj.dejected;dispiritedWeweresurprisedathisreactiontothefailureofhisproject;insteadofbeingcrestfallen,hewasbusilyengagedinplanningnewactivities.crevice[5krevis]n.[crevices]crack;fissureThemountainclimbersfoundfootholdsinthetinycrevicesinthemountainside.cringe[krindv]v.[cringed;cringed;cringing]shrinkback,asifinfearThedogcringed,expectingablow.criteria[]n.standardsusedinjudgingWhatcriteriadidyouusewhenyouselectedthisessayastheprizewinner?Crone[krEun]n.hagThetoothlesscronefrighteneduswhenshesmiled.Crotchety[5krRtFiti]adj.eccentric;whimsicalAlthoughhewasreputedtobeacrotchetyoldgentleman,Ifoundhisideassubstantiallysoundandsensible.Crux[krQks]n.[cruxes,cruces]crucialpointThisisthecruxoftheentireproblem.crypt[kript]n.secretrecessorvaultusuallyusedforburialUntilrecentlyonlybodiesofrulersandleadingstatesmenwereinterredinthiscrypt.cryptic[5kriptik]adj.mysterious;hidden;secretHiscrypticremarkscouldnotbeinterpreted.cubicle[5kju:bikl]n.smallchamberusedforsleepingAfterhismanyhoursofintensivestudyinthelibraryheretiredtohiscubicle.CUisine[kwi5zi:n]n.styleofcookingFrenchcuisineisnotedforitsuseofsaucesandwines.culinary[5kju:linEri]adj.relatingtocookingManychefsattributetheirculinaryskilltothewiseuseofspices.cull[kQl]v.[culled;culled;culling]pickout;rejectEverymonththefarmercullsthenonplayinghensfromhisflockandsellsthemtothelocalbutcher.Culmination[kQlmE5neFEn]n.attainmentofhighestpointHisinaugurationasPresidentoftheUnitedStatesmarkedtheculminationofhispoliticalcareer.culpable[5kQipEbi]adj.deservingblameCorruptpoliticianswhocondonetheactivitiesofthe

64gamblersareequallyculpable.CUlvert[5kQlvEt]n.artificialchannelforwaterIfwebuildaculvertundertheroadatthispoint,wewillreducethepossibilityoftheroadatthispoint,wewillreducethepossibilityoftheroad'sbeingfloodedduringtherainyseason.cumbersome[5kQmbEsEm]adj.heavy;hardtomanageHewasburdeneddownwithcumbersomeparcels.cumulative[5kjumjuleitiv]adj.growingbyadditionVocabularybuildingisacumulativeprocess:asyougothroughyourflashcards,youwilladdnewwordstoyourvocabulary,onebyone.Cupidity[kju:5piditi]n.greedThedefeatedpeoplecouldnotsatisfythecupidityoftheconquerors,whodemandedexcessivetribute.Curator[5kjuE5reitE]n.superintendent;managerThemembersoftheboardoftrusteesofthemuseumexpectedthenewcuratortoplaneventsandexhibitionsthatwouldmakethemuseummorepopular.curmudgeon[kE：SmQdVEn]n.churlish,miserlyindividualAlthoughhewasregardedbymanyasacurmudgeon,afewofuswereawareofthemanykindnessesandactsofcharitythathesecretlyperformed.cursive[5kE：siv]adj.flowing,runningInnormalwritingwerunourletterstogetherincursiveform;inprinting,weseparatetheletters.Cursory[5kE:sEri]adj.casual;hastilydoneAcursoryexaminationoftheruinsindicatesthepossibilityofarson;amoreextensivestudyshouldbeundertaken.

65curtail[kE:5teil]v.[curtailed;curtailed;curtailing]shorten;reduceDuringthecoalshortage,wemustcurtailouruseofthisvitalcommodity.Cynical[5sinikEl]adj.skepticalordistrustfulofhumanmotivescynicalatalltimes,hewassuspiciousofallaltruisticactionsofothers.Cynosure[5sainEFuE]n.objectofgeneralattentionAssoonasthemoviestarenteredtheroom,shebecamethecynosureofalleyes.dais[5deiis]n.raisedplatformforguestsofhonorWhenheapproachedthedais,hewasgreetedbycheersfromthepeoplewhohadcometohonorhim.dally[5dAii]v.[dallied;dallied;dallying]triflewith;procrastinateLaertestoldOpheliathatHamletcouldonlydallywithheraffections.dank[dANk]adj.[danker;dankest]dampThewallsofthedungeonweredankandslimy.dapper[5dApE]adj.neatandtrimIn"TheOddCouple,"TonyRandallplayedFelixUnger,anexcessivelydappersoulwhocouldnotstandtohaveahairoutofplace.dappled[5dApid]adj.spottedThesunlightfilteringthoughthescreenscreatedadappledeffectonthewall.daub[dR：b]v.[daubed;daubed;daubing]smear(aswithpaint)Fromthewayhedaubedhispaintonthecanvas,Icouldtellheknewnothingofoils.daunt[dR：nt]v.[daunted;daunted;daunting]intimidateYourthreatscannotdauntme.dauntless[5dR:ntlis]adj.boldDespitethedangerousnatureoftheundertaking,thedauntlesssoldiervolunteeredfortheassignment.dawdle[5dR：di]v.[dawdled;dawdled;dawdling]loiter;wastetimeInasmuchaswemustmeetadeadline,donotdawdleoverthiswork.deadlock[5dedlRk]n.[deadlocks]standstill;stalemateThenegotiationshadreachedadeadlock.

66deadpan[5dedpAn]adj.wooden;impassiveWewantedtoseehowlonghecouldmaintainhisdeadpanexpression.dearth[dE：w]n.scarcityThedearthofskilledlaborcompelledtheemployerstoopentradeschools.debacle[dei5bB：ki]n.breakingup;downfallThisdebacleinthegovernmentcanonlyresultinanarchy.debase[di5beis]v.[debased;debased;debasing]reducetolowerstateDonotdebaseyourselfbybecomingmaudlin.debauch[di5bR：tF]v.[debauched;debauched;debauching]corrupt;makeintemperateAviciousnewspapercandebauchpublicideals.debilitate[diSbiiEtet]v.[debilitated;debilitated;debilitating]weaken;enfeebleOverindulgencedebilitatescharacteraswellasphysicalstamina.debonair[debESnZE]adj.friendly;aimingtopleaseThedebonairyouthwaslikedbyallwhomethim,becauseofhischeerfulandobligingmanner.debris[dE5bri:]n.rubbleAfullyearaftertheearthquakeinMexicoCity,workerswerestillcartingawaythedebris.debunk[5di:5bQNk]v.[debunked;debunked;debunking]exposeasfalse,exaggerated,worthless,etc.;ridiculePointingoutthatheconsistentlyhadvotedagainststrengtheningantipollutionlegislation,reportersdebunkedthecandidate'sclaimthathewasaferventenvironmentalist.debutante[5debju：ta：nt]n.[debutantes]youngwomanmakingformalentranceintosocietyAsadebutante,shewasoftenmentionedinthesocietycolumnsofthenewspapers.decadence[di5kedns]n.decayThemoraldecadenceofthepeoplewasreflectedinthelewdliteratureoftheperiod.decant[di5kAnt]v.[decanted;decanted;decanting]pouroffgentlyBesuretodecantthiswinebeforeservingit.decapitate[di5kApiteit]v.[decapitated;decapitated;decapitating]beheadTheydidnothangLadyJaneGrey;theydecapitatedher.decelerate[di：5seiEreit]

67v.[decelerated;decelerated;decelerating]slowdownSeeingtheemergencyblinkersintheroadahead,hedeceleratedquickly.deciduous[di5sidjuEs]adj.fallingoff,asofleavesTheoakisadeciduoustree.decimate[desi5meit]v.[decimated;decimated;decimating]kill,usuallyoneoutoftenWedomoretodecimateourpopulationinautomobileaccidentsthanwedoinwar.decipher[diSsaifE]v.[deciphered;deciphered;deciphering]decodeIcouldnotdecipherthedoctor'shandwriting.declivity[di5klivEti]n.[declivities]downwardslopeThechildrenlovedtoskidownthedeclivity.decollete[dei5kRltei]adj.havingalow-cutnecklineFashiondecreesthateveninggownsbedecolletethisseason;bareshouldersareagainthevogue.decomposition[di:kRmpE5ziFEn]n.decayDespitethebody'sadvancedstateofdecomposition,thepolicewereabletoidentifythemurderedman.decorum[di5kR:rEm]n.[decorums]propriety;seemlinessShockedbytheunrulybehavior,theteachercriticizedtheclassforitslackofdecorum.decoy[di5kRi]n.[decoys]lureorbaitThewildduckswerenotfooledbythedecoy.decrepitude[di5krepitju:d]n.stateofcollapsecausedbyillnessoroldageIwasunpreparedforthestateofdecrepitudeinwhichIhadfoundmyoldfriend;heseemedtohaveagedtwentyyearsinsixmonths.decry[di5krai]v.[decried;decried;decrying]expressstrongdisapprovalof;disparageThefounderoftheChildren'sDefenseFund,MarianWrightEdelman,stronglydecriesthelackoffinancialandmoralsupportforchildreninAmericatoday.deducible[di5dju：sEbi]adj.derivedbyreasoningIfweacceptyourpremise,yourconclusionsareeasilydeducible.v.[defaced;defaced;defacing]mar;disfigureIfyoudefacealibrarybook,youwillhavetopayaheftyfine.defamation[difE5meiFEn]n.harmingaperson'sreputationSuchdefamationofcharactermayresultinaslandersuit.default[di5fR：it]n.failuretodo

68Asaresultofherhusband'sfailuretoappearincourt,shewasgrantedadivorcebydefault.defeatist[di5fi：tist]adj.resignedtodefeat;acceptingdefeatasanaturaloutcomeIfyoumaintainyourdefeatistattitude,youwillneversucceed.defection[di5fZkFEn]n.desertionThechildren,whohadmadehimanidol,werehurtmostbyhisdefectionfromourcause.deference[5dzfErEs]n.courteousregardforanother'swishIndeferencetohisdesires,theemployersgrantedhimaholiday.defile[di5fail]v.[defiled;defiled;defiling]pollute;profaneThehoodlumsdefiledthechurchwiththeirscurrilouswriting.definitive[diSfinitiv]adj.mostreliableorcompleteCarlSandburg'sAbrahamLincolnmayberegardedasthedefinitiveworkonthelifeoftheGreatEmancipator.deflect[di5flekt]v.[deflected;deflected;deflecting]turnasideHislifewassavedwhenhiscigarettecasedeflectedthebullet.defoliate[difEuii5eit]v.[defoliated;defoliated;defoliating]destroyleavesInVietnamthearmymadeextensiveuseofchemicalagentstodefoliatethewoodlands.defray[di5frei]v.[defrayed;defrayed;defraying]toundertakethepaymentof(costsorexpenses);payHeremployerofferedtodefraythecostsofherpostgraduateeducation.defrock[di5frRk]v.[defrocked;defrocked;defrocking]tostripapriestorministerofchurchauthorityWeknewtheministerhadviolatedchurchregulations,butwehadnotrealizedhisoffensewasseriousenoughtocausehimtobedefrocked.deft[deft]adj.[defter;deftest]neat;skillfulThedeftwaiteruncorkedthechampagnewithoutspillingadrop.

69defunct[di5fQNkt]adj.dead;nolongerinuseorexistenceThelawyerssoughttoexaminethebooksofthedefunctcorporation.degenerate[diSdVenEreit]v.[degenerated;degenerated;degenerating]becomeworse;deteriorateAsthefightdraggedon,thechampion'sstyledegenerateduntilhecouldbarelykeeponhisfeet.degraded[di'greidid]adj.loweredinrank;debasedThedegradedwretchspokeonlyofhispastgloriesandhonors.dehydrate[di:5haidreit]v.[dehydrated;dehydrated;dehydrating]removewaterfrom;dryoutVigorousdancingquicklydehydratesthebody;betweendances,besuretodrinkmorewaterthannormal.deify[5di:ifai]v.[deified;deified;deifying]turnintoagod;idolizeAdmiretherockstarallyouwant;justdon'tdeifyhim.deign[dein]v.[deigned;deigned;deigning]condescendHefeltthathewoulddebasehimselfifhedeignedtoanswerhiscritics.delete[di5ii：t]v.[deleted;deleted;deleting]erase;strikeoutIfyoudeletethisparagraph,thecompositionwillhavemoreappeal.deleterious[dziE5tiriEs]adj.harmfulWorkersinnuclearresearchmustavoidthedeleteriouseffectsofradioactivesubstances.deliberate[diSlibErit]v.[deliberated;deliberated;deliberating]consider;ponder;unhurriedOfferedthenewjob,sheaskedfortimetodeliberatebeforeshemadeherdecision.delineate[disiinieit]v.[delineated;delineated;delineating]portrayHeisweakestwhenheattemptstodelineatecharacter.delirium[di51iriEm]n.[deliriums,deliria]mentaldisordermarkedbyconfusionThedrunkardinhisdeliriumsawstrangeanimals.delta[5deitE]n.[deltas]flatplainofmudorsandbetweenbranchesofariverHisdissertationdiscussedtheeffectofintermittentfloodingonthefertilityoftheNiledelta.delude[di5iu：d]v.[deluded;deluded;deluding]deceiveDonotdeludeyourselfintobelievingthathewillrelent.deluge[5deiju：dv]n.[deluges]flood;rush

70Whenweadvertisedtheposition,wereceivedadelugeofapplications.delusion[di51u:VEn]n.[delusions]falsebelief;hallucinationThisschemeisasnareandadelusion.delusive[di5iu：siv]adj.deceptive;raisingvainhopesDonotraiseyourhopesonthebasisofhisdelusivepromises.delve[delv]v.[delved;delved;delving]dig;investigateDelvingintooldbooksandmanuscriptsispartofaresearcher'sjob.demagogue[5demEgRg]n.personwhoappealstopeople'sprejudice;falseleaderHewasaccusedofbeingademagoguebecausehemadepromisesthatarousedfutilehopesinhislisteners.demean[di5mi：n]v.[demeaned;demeaned;demeaning]degrade;humiliateHefeltthathewoulddemeanhimselfifherepliedtothescurrilousletter.demeanor[di5mi：nE]n.behavior;bearingHissoberdemeanorquietedthenoisyrevelers.demented[di5mentid]adj.insaneShebecameincreasinglydementedandhadtobehospitalized.demise[di5maiz]n.[demises]deathUponthedemiseofthedictator,abitterdisputeaboutsuccessiontopowerdeveloped.demographic[di:mEgrAfik]adj.relatedtopopulationbalanceInconductingasurvey,oneshouldtakeintoaccountdemographictrendsintheregion.demolition[demE51iFEn]n.destructionOneofthemajoraimsoftheairforcewasthecompletedemolitionofallmeansoftransportationbythebombingofraillinesandtheterminals.demoniac[di5mEuniAk]adj.fiendishTheSpanishInquisitiondevisedmanydemoniacmeansoftorture.demotic[di5mRtik]adj.pertainingtothepeopleHelamentedthepassingofaristocraticsocietyandmaintainedthatademoticsociety

71wouldlowerthenation'sstandards.demur[di5mE：]v.[demurred;demurred;demurring]delay;objectTodemuratthistimewillonlyworsenthealreadyserioussituation;nowisthetimeforaction.demure[diSmjuE]adj.[demurer;demurest]grave;serious;coyShewasdemureandreserved.denigrate[5denigreit]v.[denigrated;denigrated;denigrating]blackenAllattemptstodenigratethecharacterofourlatePresidenthavefailed;thepeoplestilllovehimandcherishhismemory.denizen[5denizn]n.[denizens]inhabitantofGhostsaredenizensofthelandofthedeadwhoreturntoearth.denotation[di:nEu5teiFEn]n.meaning;distinguishingbynameAdictionarywillalwaysgiveusthedenotationofaword;frequently,itwillalwaysgiveusitsconnotation.denouement[dei5nu:mRN]n.outcome;finaldevelopmentoftheplotofaplayorotherliteraryworkTheplaywaschildishlywritten;thedenouementwasobvioustosophisticatedtheatergoersasearlyasthemiddleofthefirstact.denounce[di5nauns]v.[denounced;denounced;denouncing]condemn;criticizeThereformcandidatedenouncedthecorruptcityofficersforhavingbetrayedthepublic'strust.depict[di5pikt]v.[depicted;depicted;depicting]portrayInthisbook,theauthordepictstheslaveownersaskindandbenevolentmasters.deplete[di5Pli:t]v.[depleted;depleted;depleting]reduce;exhaustWemustwaituntilwedepleteourpresentinventorybeforeweorderreplacements.deplore[di5piR：]v.[deplored;deplored;deploring]regretAlthoughIdeplorethevulgarityofyourlanguage,Idefendyourrighttoexpressyourselffreely.deploy[di5plRi]v.[deployed;deployed;deploying]movetroopssothatthebattlelineisextendedattheexpenseofdepthThegeneralorderedthebattaliontodeployinordertomeettheoffensiveoftheenemy.v.[deposed;deposed;deposing]dethrone;removeformofficeThearmyattemptedtodeposethekingandsetupamilitarygovernment.

72deposition[depE5ziFEn]n.[depositions]testimonyunderoathHemadehisdepositioninthejudge'schamber.depravity[diSprAviti]n.[depravities]corruption;wickednessThedepravityofthetyrant'sbehaviorshockedusall.deprecate[5deprikeit]v.[deprecated;deprecated;deprecating]expressdisapprovalof;protestagainst;belittleAfirmbelieverinold-fashionedcourtesy,MissPostdeprecatedthemoderntendencytoaddressnewacquaintancesbytheirfirstnames.depreciate[di5pri:Fieit]v.[depreciated;depreciated;depreciating]lesseninvalueIfyouneglectthisproperly,itwilldepreciate.depredation[depri5deiFEn]n.[depredations]plunderingAfterthedepredationsoftheinvaders,thepeoplewerepenniless.deranged[di5reindvd]adj.insaneHehadtobeinstitutionalizedbecausehewasderanged.derelict[5derilikt]adj.neglectfulofduty;abandonedThecorporalwhofellasleepwhileonwatchwasthrownintotheguardhouseforbeingderelictinhisduty.deride[di5raid]v.[derided;derided;deriding]scoffatThepeoplederidedhisgrandioseschemes.derision[di5riVEn]n.[derisions]ridiculeTheygreetedhisproposalwithderisionandrefusedtoconsideritseriously.derivative[diSrivEtiv]adj.unoriginal;obtainedfromanothersourceAlthoughherearlypoetrywasclearlyderivativeinnature,thecriticsthoughtshehadpromiseandeventuallywouldfindherownvoice.dermatologist[dE：mEStRiEdvist]n.onewhostudiestheskinanditsdiseasesIadviseyoutoconsultadermatologistaboutyouracne.derogatory[di5rRgEtEri]adj.expressingalowopinionIresentyourderogatoryremarks.

73descry[dis5krai]v.[descried;descried;descrying]catchsightofInthedistance,wecouldbarelydescrytheenemyvessels.desecrate[5desikreit]v.[desecrated;desecrated;desecrating]profane;violatethesanctityofThesoldiersdesecratedthetemple.desiccate[5desEkeit]v.[desiccated;desiccated;desiccating]dryupAtourofthissmokehousewillgiveyouanideaofhowthepioneersusedtodesiccatefoodinordertopreserveit.desolate[5desEiit]v.robofjoy;laywasteto;forsakeThebanditsdesolatedthecountryside,burningfarmsandcarryingofftheharvest.desperado[despE5rB:dEu]n.[desperadoes,desperados]recklessoutlawButchCassidywasabolddesperadowithapriceonhishead.despicable[5despikEbi]adj.contemptibleYourdespicableremarkscallfornoreply.despise[dis5paiz]v.[despised;despised;despising]scornIdespiseyourattemptsatareconciliationatthistimeandrefusetomeetyou.despoil[di5spRil]v.[despoiled;despoiled;despoiling]plunderIfyoudonotyield,Iamafraidtheenemywilldespoilthecountryside.despondent[dis5pRndEnt]adj.depressed;gloomyTothedismayofhisparents,hebecamemoreandmoredespondenteveryday.despotism[5despEtizEm]n.[despotisms]tyrannyThepeoplerebelledagainstthedespotismoftheking.destitute[5destitju：t]adj.extremelypoorThecostsofthefather'sillnessleftthefamilydestitute.desultory[5desEltEri]adj.aimless;haphazard;digressingatrandomInprisonMalcolmXsethimselfthetaskofreadingstraightthroughthedictionary;tohimreadingwaspurposeful,notdesultory.detached[diStAtFt]adj.emotionallyremoved;calmandobjective;indifferentApsychoanalystmustmaintainadetachedpointofviewandstayuninvolvedwithherpatients'personallives.

74determinate[di5tE：minit]adj.havingafixedorderofprocedure;invariableAttheroyalwedding,theprocessionofthenoblesfollowedadeterminateorderofprecedence.deterrent[diSterEnt]n.somethingthatdiscourages;hindranceDoesthethreatofcapitalpunishmentserveasadeterrenttopotentialkillers?detonation[detEu5neiFEn]n.explosionThedetonationofthebombcouldbeheardmilesaway.detraction[di5trAkFEn]n.slandering;aspersionHeisoffendedbyyourfrequentdetractionsofhisabilityasaleader.detrimental[dztrE5mZnti]adj.harmful;damagingYouracceptanceofhersupportwillultimatelyprovedetrimentalratherthanhelpfultoyourcause.deviate[5di:vieit]v.[deviated;deviated;deviating]turnawayfromDonotdeviatefromthetruth;youmustfacethefacts.deviOUS[5diviEs]adj.goingastray;erraticYourdeviousbehaviorinthismatterpuzzlesmesinceyouareusuallydirectandstraightforward.devoid[di5vRid]adj.lackingHewasdevoidofanypersonaldesireforgaininhisendeavortosecureimprovementinthecommunity.devolve[di5vRiv]v.[devolved;devolved;devolving]deputize;passtoothersItdevolveduponus,thesurvivors,toarrangepeacetermswiththeenemy.devotee[devEu5ti：]n.[devotees]enthusiasticfollowerAdevoteeoftheopera,heboughtseasonticketseveryyear.devout[di5vaut]adj.[devouter;devoutest]piousThedevoutmanprayeddaily.dexterous[5dekstErEs]adj.skillfulThemagicianwassodexterousthatwecouldnotfollowhismovementsasheperformedhistricks.diabolical[daiE5bRlikEl]adj.devilishThisschemeissodiabolicalthatImustrejectit.diadem[5daiEdem]n.[diadems]crownTheking'sdiademwasondisplayatthemuseum.

75dialectic[daiE51ektik]n.artofdebateIamnotskilledindialecticandtherefore,cannotansweryourargumentsasforcefullyasIwish.diaphanous[dai5AfEnEs]adj.sheer;transparentTheysawtheburglarclearlythroughthediaphanouscurtain.diatribe[5daiEtraib]n.bitterscolding;invectiveDuringthelengthydiatribedeliveredbyhisopponentheremainedcalmandself-controlled.dichotomy[dai5kRtEmi]n.[dichotomies]branchingintotwopartsThedichotomyofourlegislativesystemprovidesuswithmanysafeguards.dictum[5diktEm]n.[dicta,dictums]authoritativeandweightystatementSherepeatedthestatementasthoughitwerethedictumofthemostexpertworkerinthegroup.didactic[di5dAktik]adj.teaching;instructional;preachingormoralizingThedidacticqualitiesofhispoetryovershadowitsliteraryqualities;thelessonheteachesismorememorablethanthelines.die[dai]n.deviceforstampingorimpressing;moldIncoiningpennies,workersattheoldmintsqueezedsheetsofsoftenedcopperbetweentwodies.diffidence[5difEdEns]n.shynessYoumustovercomeyourdiffidenceifyouintendtobecomeasalesperson.diffusion[di5fjuVEn]n.wordiness;spreadinginalldirectionslikeagasYourcompositionsuffersfromadiffusionofideas;trytobemorecompact.digression[dai5greFEn]n.wanderingawayfromthesubjectNobodymindedwhenProfessorRenoifslectureswanderedawayfromtheirofficialtheme;hisdigressionswerealwaysmorefascinatingthanthetopicoftheday.dilapidated[di51Apideitid]adj.ruinedbecauseofneglectWefeltthatthedilapidatedbuildingneededseveralcoatsofpaint.dilate[dai51eit]v.[dilated;dilated;dilating]expandInthedark,thepupilsofyoureyesdilate.dilatory[SdiiEtri]adj.delayingYourdilatorytacticsmaycompelmetocancelthecontract.dilemma[disiemE]n.[dilemmas]problem;choiceoftwounsatisfactoryalternatives

76Inthisdilemma,heknewnoonetowhomhecouldturnforadvice.dilettante[diiistAnti]n.[dilettantes,dilettanti]aimlessfollowerofthearts;amateur;dabblerHewasnotseriousinhispainting;hewasratheradilettante.diligence[5diiidVEns]adj.steadinessofeffort;persistenthardworkHeremployersweregreatlyimpressedbyherdiligenceandofferedherapartnershipinthefirm.dilute[dai51ut]v.[diluted;diluted;diluting]makelessconcentrated;reduceinstrengthShepreferredhercoffeedilutedwithmilk.diminution[dimi5nju:FEn]n.[diminutions]lessening;reductioninsizeTheblockadershopedtoachievevictoryassoonasthediminutionoftheenemy'ssuppliesbecameserious.din[din]n.continuedloudnoiseThedinofthejackhammersoutsidetheclassroomwindowdrownedoutthelecturer'svoice.dinghy[diNgi,'diNi]n.[dinghies]smallboat(oftenship'sboat)InthefilmLifeboat,anill-assortedgroupofpassengersfromasunkenoceanlineraremaroonedatseainadinghy.dingy[5diNgi,5diNdVi]adj.[dingier;dingiest]dull;notfresh;cheerlessRefusingtobedepressedbyherdingystudioapartment,Beaspenttheweekendpolishingthefloorsandwindowsandhangingbrightpostersonthewalls.dint[diNt]n.[dints]means;effortBydintofmuchhardwork,thevolunteerswereabletocontroltheragingforestfire.diorama[,daiE5rB：mE]

77n.[dioramas]like-size,three-dimensionalscenefromnatureorhistoryBecausetheydramaticallyposeactualstuffedanimalsagainstrealisticpaintedlandscapes,thedioramasattheMuseumofNaturalHistoryparticularlyimpresshighschoolbiologystudents.dire[5daiE]adj.[direr;direst]disastrousPeopleignoredherdirepredictionsofanapproachingdepression.dirge[dE：dv]n.[dirges]lamentwithmusicThefuneraldirgestirredustotears.disabuse[disE5bju：z]v.[disabused;disabused;disabusing]correctafalseimpression;undeceiveIwillattempttodisabuseyouofyourimpressionofmyclient'sguilt;Iknowheisinnocent.disaffected[disE5fektid]adj.disloyalOncethemostloyalofGorbachev'ssupporters,Shverdnazefoundhimselfbecomingincreasinglydisaffected.disapprobation[disAprE5beiFEn]n.disapproval;condemnationTheconservativefatherviewedhisdaughter'sradicalboyfriendwithdisapprobation.disarray[disE5re]n.adisorderlyoruntidystateAftertheNewYear'sparty,theonceorderlyhousewasintotaldisarray.disavowal[disE5vauEl]n.denial;disclaimingHisdisavowalofhispartintheconspiracywasnotbelievedbythejury.disband[dis5bAnd]v.[disbanded;disbanded;disbanding]dissolve;disperseThechessclubdisbandedafteritsdisastrousinitialseason.disburse[dis5bE：s]v.[disbursed;disbursed;disbursing]payoutWhenyoudisbursemoneyonthecompany'sbehalf,besuretogetareceipt.discernible[di'se：nEbi]adj.distinguishable;perceivableTheshipsintheharborwerenotdiscernibleinthefog.discerning[di5sE：niN]adj.mentallyquickandobservant;havinginsightBecausehewasconsideredthemostdiscerningmemberofthefirm,hewasassignedthemostdifficultcases.disclaim[dis5klem]v.[disclaimed;disclaimed;disclaiming]disown;renounceclaimto

78IfIgrantyouthisprivilege,willyoudisclaimallotherrights?disclose[dis5klEuz]v.[disclosed;disclosed;disclosing]revealAlthoughcompetitorsofferedhimbribes,herefusedtodiscloseanyinformationabouthiscompany'sforthcomingproduct.discombobulated[]adj.confused;discomposedThenovicesquaredancerbecamesodiscombobulatedthathewanderedintowrongset.discomfit[dis5kQmfit]v.[discomfited;discomfited;discomfiting]puttorout;defeat;disconcertThisrusewilldiscomfittheenemy.disconcert[diskEn5sE:t]v.[disconcerted;disconcerted;disconcerting]confuse;upset;embarrassThelawyerwasdisconcertedbytheevidenceproducedbyheradversary.disconsolate[dis5kRnsElit]adj.sadThedeathofhiswifelefthimdisconsolate.discordant[dis5kR:dEnt]adj.inharmonious;conflictingShetriedtounitethediscordantfactions.discount[5diskaunt]v.[discounted;discounted;discounting]disregardBepreparedtodiscountwhathehastosayabouthisex-wife.discourse[dis5kR:s]n.[discourses]formaldiscussion;conversationTheyoungPlatowasdrawntotheAgoratohearthephilosophicaldiscourseofSocratesandhisfollowers.discredit[dis5kredit]v.[discredited;discredited;discrediting]defame;destroyconfidencein;disbelieveThecampaignwashighlynegativeintone;eachcandidatetriedtodiscredittheother.discrepancy[dis5krepEnsi]n.[discrepancies]lackofconsistency;differenceThepolicenoticedsomediscrepanciesinhisdescriptionofthecrimeanddidnotbelievehim.discrete[di5skrit]adj.separate;unconnectedTheuniverseiscomposedofdiscretebodies.discretion[dis5kreFEn]n.prudence;abilitytoadjustactionstocircumstancesUseyourdiscretioninthismatteranddonotdiscussitwithanyone.discrimination[diskrimi5neiFEn]n.abilitytoseedifferences;prejudiceTheyfearedhelackedsufficientdiscriminationtojudgecomplexworksofmodernart.

79discursive[di5skE:siv]adj.digressing;ramblingTheywereannoyedandboredbyherdiscursiveremarks.disdain[dis5dein]n.treatwithscornorcontemptYoumakeenemiesofallyoudisdain.disembark[5disim5ba：k]v.[disembarked;disembarked;disembarking]goashore;unloadcargofromashipBeforethepassengerscoulddisembark,theyhadtopickuptheirpassportsfromtheship'spurser.disenfranchise[5disin5frAntFaiz]v.[disenfranchised;disenfranchised;disenfranchising]depriveofacivilrightTheimpositionifthepolltaxeffectivelydisenfranchisedpoorSouthernblacks,wholosttheirrighttovote.disengage[5disin5geidV]v.[disengaged;disengaged;disengaging]uncouple;separate;disconnectAstandardmovieroutineinvolvesthehero'sdesperateattempttodisengagearailroadcarfromamovingtrain.disfigure[dis5figE]v.[disfigured;disfigured;disfiguring]martheappearanceof;spoilAnuglyfrowndisfiguredhisnormallypleasantface.disgorge[dis5gR：dv]v.[disgorged;disgorged;disgorging]surrendersomething;eject;vomitUnwillingtodisgorgethecashhehadstolenfromthepensionfund,theembezzlertriedtorunaway.disgruntle[dis5grQntl]v.[disgruntled;disgruntled;disgruntling]makediscontentedThepassengersweredisgruntledbythenumerousdelays.dishearten[disSha：tn]v.[disheartened;disheartened;disheartening]discourageHisfailuretopassthebarexamdisheartenedhim.disheveled[diSFevid]adj.untidyYourdisheveledappearancewillhurtyourchancesinthisinterview.disinclination[disinkli5neFEn]n.unwillingnessSomemorningsIfeelagreatdisinclinationtogetoutofbed.disingenuous[disin5dVenjuEs]adj.notnaive;sophisticatedAlthoughhewasyoung,hisremarksindicatedthathewasdisingenuous.

80disinter[5disin5tE：]v.[disinterred;disinterred;disinterring]digup;unearthTheydisinterredthebodyandheldanautopsy.disinterested[disSintErEstid]adj.unprejudicedTheonlydisinterestedpersonintheroomwasthejudge.disjointed[dis5dVRintid]adj.disconnectedHisremarksweresodisjointedthatwecouldnotfollowhisreasoning.dislodge[disSiRdv]v.[dislodged;dislodged;dislodging]remove(forcible)Thrustingherfistupunderthechokingman'slowerribs,MargaretusedtheHeimlichmaneuvertodislodgethefoodcaughtinthisthroat.dismantle[dis5mAnti]v.[dismantled;dismantled;dismantling]takeapartWhentheshowclosed,theydismantledthescenerybeforerestoringit.dismember[dis5membE]v.[dismembered;dismembered;dismembering]cutintosmallpartsWhentheAustrianEmpirewasdismembered,severalnewcountrieswereestablished.dismiss[dis5mis]v.[dismissed;dismissed;dismissing]eliminatefromconsideration;rejectBelievinginJohn'sloveforher,shedismissedthenotionthathemightbeunfaithful.disparage[disSpAridv]v.[disparaged;disparaged;disparaging]belittleDonotdisparageanyone'scontribution;theselittlegiftsadduptolargesums.disparate[5dispErit]adj.basicallydifferent;unrelatedItisdifficult,ifnotimpossible,toorganizethesedisparateelementsintoacoherentwhole.disparity[dis5pAriti]n.[disparities]difference;conditionofinequalityThedisparityintheiragesmadenodifferenceatall.dispassionate[dis5pAFEnit]adj.calm;impartialInadispassionateanalysisoftheproblem,hecarefullyexaminedthecausesoftheconflictandproceededtosuggestsuitableremedies.dispatch[dis5pAtF]n.[dispatches]speediness;promptexecution;messagesentwithallduespeedYoungNapoleondefeatedtheenemywithallpossibledispatch;hethensentadispatchtoheadquarters,informinghiscommanderofthegreatvictory.dispel[dis5pel]v.[dispelled;dispelled;dispelling]scatter;driveaway;causetovanish

81Thebrightsunlighteventuallydispelledthemorningmist.disperse[dis5pE：s]v.[dispersed;dispersed;dispersing]scatterThepolicefiredteargasintocrowdtodispersetheprotesters.dispirited[dis'piritid]adj.lackinginspiritThecoachusedallthetricksathiscommandtobuoyuptheenthusiasmofhisteam,whichIhadbecomedispiritedatthelossofthestarplayer.disport[di5spR:t]v.[disported;disported;disporting]amuseThepopularityofFloridaasawinterresortisconstantlyincreasing;eachyear,thousandsmoredisportthemselvesatMiamiandPalmBeach.disputatious[5dispju:5teiFEsz-pju-]adj.argumentative;fondofargumentPeopleavoideddiscussingcontemporaryproblemswithhimbecauseofhisdisputatiousmanner.disquisition[diskwi5ziFEn]n.aformalsystematicinquiry;anexplanationoftheresultsofaformalinquiryInhisdisquisition,heoutlinedthestepshehadtakeninreachinghisconclusions.dissection[di5sekFEn]n.[dissections]analysis;cuttingapartinordertoexamineThedissectionoffrogsonthelaboratoryisparticularlyunpleasanttosomestudents.dissemble[di5sembl]v.[dissembled;dissembled;dissembling]disguise;pretendEventhoughJohntriedtodissemblehismotivefortakingmoderndance,weallknewtherenottodancebuttomeetgirls.disseminate[di5semineit]v.[disseminated;disseminated;disseminating]scatter(likeseeds)Theinventionoftheradiohelpedpropagandiststodisseminatetheirfavoritedoctrinesveryeasily.dissent[di5sent]v.[dissented;dissented;dissenting]disagreeInalandmarkSupremeCourtdecision,JusticeMarshalldissentedfromthemajorityopinion.dissertation[disESteiFEn]n.[dissertations]formalessayInordertoearnagraduatedegreefrommanyofouruniversities,acandidateisfrequentlyrequiredtoprepareadissertationonsomescholarlysubject.dissident[5disidEnt]adj.dissenting;rebelliousInthepurgethatfollowedthestudentdemonstrationsatTiananmenSquare,thegovernmenthunteddownthedissidentstudentsandtheirsupporters.

82dissimulate[di5simjuleit]v.[dissimulated;dissimulated;dissimulating]pretend;concealbyfeigningShetriedtodissimulatehergriefbyherexuberantattitude.dissipate[5disipeit]v.[dissipated;dissipated;dissipating]squanderTheyoungmanquicklydissipatedhisinheritanceandwassoonbroke.dissolution[disE51u:FEn]n.[dissolutions]disintegration;loosenessinmoralsTheprofligacyanddissolutionoflifeinCaligula'sRomeappallsomehistorians.dissonance[5disEnEns]n.discordSomecontemporarymusiciansdeliberatelyusedissonancetoachievecertaineffects.dissuade[di5sweid]v.[dissuaded;dissuaded;dissuading]adviseagainstHecouldnotdissuadehisfriendfromjoiningtheconspirators.distant[5distEnt]adj.reservedoraloof;coldinmannerHisdistantgreetingmademefeelunwelcomefromthestart.distend[di5stend]v.[distended;distended;distending]expand;swelloutIcantellwhenheisunderstressbythewaytheveinsdistendonhisforehead.distill[di5stil]v.[distilled;distilled;distilling]purify;refine;concentrateAmoonshinerdistillsmashintowhiskey;anepigrammatistdistillsthoughtsintoquips.distortion[dis5tR:FEn]n.twistingoutofshapeItisdifficulttobelievethenewspaperaccountsofthiseventbecauseofthedistortionsandexaggerationsofthereporters.distrait[di5strei]adj.absentmindedBecauseofhisconcentrationontheproblem,theprofessoroftenappeareddistraitandunconcernedaboutroutine.distraught[di5strR：t]adj.upset;distractedbyanxietyThedistraughtparentsfranticallysearchedtheravinefortheirlostchild.diurnal[dai5E:nl]adj.dailyAfarmercannotneglecthisdiurnaltasksatanytime;cows,forexample,mustbemilkedregularly.diva[5di:vE]n.[divas,dive]operaticsinger;primadonnaAlthoughworldfamousasadiva,shedidnotindulgeinfitsoftemperament.

83diverge[dai5vE：dv]v.[diverged;diverged;diverging]vary;goindifferentdirectionsfromthesamepointThespokesofthewheeldivergefromthehub.divergent[dai5vE：dVEnt]adj.differing;deviatingThetwowitnessespresentedthejurywithremarkablydivergentaccountsofthesameepisode.diverse[dai5vE：s]adj.differinginsomecharacteristics;variousTherearediversewaysofapproachingthisproblem.diversion[dai5vE:FEn]n.[diversions]actofturningaside;pastimeAfterstudyingforseveralhours,heneededadiversionfromwork.diversity[dai5vE：siti]n.[diversities]variety;dissimilitudeThediversityofcollegesinthiscountryindicatesthatmanylevelsofabilityarebeingserved.divest[dai5vest]v.[divested;divested;divesting]strip;depriveHewasdivestedofhispowertoactandcouldnolongergovern.divine[di5vain]v.[divined;divined;divining]perceiveintuitively;foreseethefutureNothinginfuriatedTommorethanAuntPolly'sabilitytodivinewhenhewasnottellingthetruth.~divulge[dai5vQidv]v.[divulged;divulged;divulging]revealIwillnottellyouthisnewsbecauseIamsureyouwilldivulgeitprematurely.docile[5dEusail]adj.obedient;easilymanagedAsdocileasheseemstoday,thatoldlionwasonceaferocious,snarlingbeast.docket[5dRkit]n.programasfortrial;bookwheresuchentriesaremadeThecaseofSmithv.JoneswasenteredinthedocketforJuly15.doctrinaire[dRktriSnZE]adj.unabletocompromiseaboutpointsofdoctrine;dogmatic;unyieldingWenghadhopedthatthestudent-leddemocracymovementmightbringaboutchangeinChina,buttherepressiveresponseofthedoctrinairehard-linerscrushedhisdreamsofdemocracy.document[5dRkjumEnt]v.providewrittenevidenceShekeptallthereceiptsfromherbusinesstripinordertodocumentherexpensesforthefirm.doddering[dRdEriN]adj.shaky;infirmfromoldageAlthoughheisnotasyetadodderingandsenileoldman,hisideasandopinionsnolongercanmerittherespectwegavethemyearsago.

84doff[dRf]v.[doffed;doffed;doffing]takeoffAgentlemanusedtodoffhishattoalady.dogged[5dRgid]adj.determined;stubbornLesMiserablestellsofInspectorJavert'slong,doggedpursuitofthecriminalJeanValjean.doggerel[5dRgErEi]n.Crudelyorirregularlyfashionedverse,oftenofahumorousorburlesquenature.Althoughwefindoccasionalsnatchesofgenuinepoetryinherwork,mostofherwritingismeredoggerel.dogmatic[dRg5mAtik]adj.positive;arbitraryDonotbesodogmaticaboutthatstatement;itcanbeeasilyrefuted.doldrums[5dRldrEmz]n.blues;listlessness;slackperiodOncetheexcitementofmeetingherdeadlinewasover,shefoundherselfinthedoldrums.dolorous[5dalErEs]adj.sorrowHefoundthedolorouslamentationsofthebereavedfamilyemotionallydisturbingandheleftasquicklyashecould.dolt[dEult]n.stupidpersonIthoughtIwastalkingtoamatureaudience;instead,Ifindmyselfaddressingapackofdolts.domicile[5dRmisail]n.homeAlthoughhislegaldomicilewasinNewYorkCity,hisworkkepthimawayfromhisresidenceformanyyears.domineer[dRmi5niE]v.[domineered;domineered;domineering]ruleovertyrannicallyStudentspreferteacherswhoguide,notoneswhodomineer.don[dRn]v.putonWhenClarkKenthadtodonhisSupermanoutfit,hechangedclothesinaconvenientphonebooth.dormant[5dR：mEnt]adj.sleeping;lethargic;torpidSometimesdormanttalentsinourfriendssurprisethoseofuswhoneverrealizehowgiftedouracquaintancesreallyare.dormer[5dR：mE]n.windowprojectingfromroofInremodelingtheatticintoabedroom,wedecidedthatweneededtoputindormerstoprovidesufficientventilationforthenewroom.dorsal[5dRrsl]adj.relatingtothebackofananimal

85Asharkmaybeidentifiedbyitsdorsalfin,whichprojectsabovethesurfaceoftheocean.dossier[5dRsiei]n.fileofdocumentsonasubjectOrderedbyJ.EdgarHoovertoinvestigatethesenator,theFBIcompiledacompletedossier.dotage[5dRtidv]n.senilityInhisdotage,theoldmanboreduswithlongtalesofeventsinhischildhood.dote[dEut]v.[doted;doted;doting]beexcessivelyfondof;showsignsofmentaldeclineNotonlygrandmothersboreyouwithstoriesabouttheirbrilliantgrandchildren;grandfatherdoteonthelittlerascals,too.dour[duE]adj.sullen;stubbornThemanwasdourandtaciturn.douse[daus]v.[doused,dowsed;doused,dowsed;dousing,dowsing]plungeintowater;drench;extinguishTheydousedeachotherwithhosesandballoons.dowdy[5daudi]adj.[dowdier;dowdiest]slovenly;untidyShetriedtochangeherdowdyimagebybuyingafashionablenewwardrobe.downcast[5daunka:st]adj.disheartened;sadCheerfulandoptimisticbynature,Bethwasneverdowncastdespitethedifficultiesshefaced.drab[drAb]adj.[drabber;drabbest]dull;lackingcolor;cheerlessTheDutchwoman*sdrabwintercoatcontrastedwiththedistinctive,colorfulnativecostumesheworebeneathit.dregs[dregz]n.[dregs]sediment;worthlessresidueDavidpouredthewinecarefullytoavoidstirringupthedregs.droll[drEul]adj.[droller;drollest]queerandamusingHewasapopularguestbecausehisdrollanecdoteswerealwaysentertaining.drone[drEun]n.[drones]idleperson;malebeeContenttolethiswifesupporthim,thewould-bewriterwasinrealitynothingbutadrone.drone[drEun]v.[droned;droned;droning]talkdully;buzzormurmurlikeabeeOnagorgeousday,whowantstobestuckinaclassroomlisteningtotheteacherdrone?

86dross[drRs]n.wastematter;worthlessimpuritiesManymethodshavebeendevisedtoseparatethevaluablemetalfromthedross.drudgery[5drQdVEri]n.menialworkCinderella'sfairygodmotherrescuedherfromalifeofdrudgery.dubious[5dju:bjEs]adj.doubtfulHehasthedubiousdistinctionofbeingthelowestmaninhisclass.ductility[dQk5tilEti]n.malleability;flexibility;abilitytobedrawnoutCopperwirehasmanyindustrialusesbecauseofitsextremeductility.dulcet[5dQlsit]adj.sweetsoundingThedulcetsoundsofthebirdsatdawnweresoondrownedoutbytheroaroftrafficpassingourmotel.dupe[dju：p]n.[dupes]someoneeasilyfooledWhilethegullibleWatsonoftenwasmadeadupebyunscrupulousparties,SherlockHolmeswasfarmoredifficulttofool.duplicity[dju：5plisiti]n.[duplicities]double-dealing;hypocrisyPeoplewereshockedanddismayedwhentheylearnedofhisduplicityinthisaffair,ashehadalwaysseemedhonestandstraightforward.duress[djuE5res]n.forciblerestraint,especiallyunlawfullyThehostageswereheldunderduressuntiltheprisoners'demandsweremet.dutiful[5dju：tiful]adj.respectful;obedientThedutifulchildgrewuptobeaconscientiousadultawareofhiscivicobligations.dwindle[5dwindi]v.[dwindled;dwindled;dwindling]shrink;reduceTheyspentsomuchmoneythattheirfundsdwindledtonothing.dynamic[dai5nAmik]adj.active;efficientAdynamicgovernmentisnecessarytomeetthedemandsofachangingsociety.dyspeptic[dis5peptik]adj.sufferingfromindigestionAllthetalkaboutrichfoodmadehimfeeldyspeptic.earthy[5E：wi]adj.[earthier;earthiest]unrefined;coarseHisearthyremarksoftenembarrassedthewomenintheaudience.ebb[eb]v.[ebbed;ebbed;ebbing]recede;lessenHisfortunesbegantoebbduringtherecession.

87ebullient[i5bQijEnt]adj.showingexcitement;overflowingwithenthusiasmHisebullientnaturecouldnotberepressed.eccentric[ik5sentrik]adj.odd;whimsical;irregularThecometpassedclosebytheearthinitseccentricorbit.eccentricity[eksen5trisiti]n.[eccentricities]oddity;idiosyncrasySomeofhisfriendstriedtoaccountforhisrudenesstostrangersastheeccentricityofgenius.ecclesiastic[ikli:zi5Astik]adj.pertainingtothechurchTheministerdonnedhisecclesiasticgarbandwalkedtothepulpit.eclectic[ek51ektik]adj.selective;composedofelementsdrawnfromdisparatesourcesHisstyleofinteriordecorationwaseclectic:bitsandpiecesoffurnishingsfromwidelydivergentperiods,strikinglyjuxtaposedtocreateauniquecolor.eclipse[iSkiips]v.[eclipsed;eclipsed;eclipsing]darken;extinguish;surpassThenewstockmarkethigheclipsedthepreviousrecordsetin1985.ecologist[i5kRlEdVist]n.[ecologists]personconcernedwiththeinterrelationshipbetweenlivingorganismsandtheirenvironmentTheecologistwasconcernedthatthenewdamwouldupsetthenaturalbalanceofthecreatureslivinginGlenCanyon.economy[i(:)5kRnEmi]n.[economies]efficiencyorconcisenessinusingsomethingReadingtheepigramsofPope,Iadmiretheeconomyofhisverse:infewwordsheconveysworldsofmeaning.ecstasy[5ekstEsi]n.[ecstasies]rapture,joy;anyoverpoweringemotionTheannouncementthatthewarhadendedbroughtonanecstasythatresultedinmanyuncontrolledcelebrations.eddy[5edi]n.[eddies]swirlingcurrentofwater,air,etc.Thewaterinthetidepoolwasstill,exceptforanoccasionaleddy.edify[5edifai]v.[edified;edified;edifying]instruct;correctmorallyAlthoughhispurposewastoedifyandnottoentertainhisaudience,manyofhislistenerswereamusedandnotenlightened.eerie[5iEri]adj.[eerier;eeriest]weirdInthateeriesetting,itwaseasytobelieveinghostsandothersupernaturalbeings.efface[iSfeis]v.[effaced;effaced;effacing]ruboutThecoinhadbeenhandledsomanytimesthatitsdatahadbeeneffaced.

88effectual[i5fektFuEl]adj.efficientIfwearetosucceed,wemustseekeffectualmeansofsecuringourgoals.effeminate[i5feminit]adj.havingwomanlytraitsHisvoicewashigh-pitchedandeffeminate.effervescence[efE5vesns]n.innerexcitement;exuberanceNothingdepressedherforlong;hernaturaleffervescencesoonreasserteditself.effete[e5fi：t]adj.wornout;exhausted;barrenTheliteratureoftheagereflectedtheeffeteconditionofthewriters;nonewideaswereforthcoming.efficacy[5zfEkEsi]n.powertoproducedesiredeffectTheefficacyofthisdrugdependsontheregularityofthedosage.effigy[5efidvi]n.[effigies]dummyThemobshoweditsirritationbyhangingthejudgeineffigy.effluvium[e5flu:viEm]n.[effluviums,effluvia]noxioussmellAirpollutionhasbecomeaseriousprobleminourmajorcities;theeffluviumandthepoisonsintheairarehazardstolife.effrontery[E5frQntEri]n.[effronteries]shamelessboldnessShehadtheeffronterytoinsulttheguest.effusion[i5fju:VEn]n.pouringforthThecriticsobjectedtoherliteraryeffusionbecauseitwastooflowery.effusive[i5fju:siv]adj.pouringforth;gushingHereffusivemannerofgreetingherfriendsfinallybegantoirritatethem.egoism[5igEuizEm]n.excessiveinterestinone'sself;beliefthatoneshouldbeinterestedinone'sselfratherthaninothersHisegoismpreventedhimfromseeingtheneedsofhiscolleagues.egotism[5egEutizm]n.conceit;vanityShethoughtsomuchofherselfthatwefoundheregotismunwarrantedandirritating.egregious[i5gri：dVEs]adj.notorious;conspicuouslybad;shockingShewasanegregiousliar;weallknewbetterthantobelieveawordshesaid.egress[5igres]n.exit

89Barnum'ssign'TotheEgress**fooledmanypeoplewhothoughttheyweregoingtoseeananimalandinsteadfoundthemselvesinthestreet.ejaculation[idVAkju51eiFEn]n.exclamationHecouldnotrepressanejaculationofsurprisewhenheheardthenews.elaboration[ilAbE5reiFEn]n.[elaborations]additionofdetails;intricacyTellwhathappenedsimply,withoutanyelaboration.elated[i51eitid]adj.overjoyed;inhighspiritsGrinningfromeartoear,BonnieBlairwasclearlyelatedbyherOlympicvictory.elegy[5eiEdvi]n.[elegies]poemorsongexpressinglamentationOnthedeathofEdwardKing,Miltoncomposedtheelegy"Lycidas”.elicit[i51isit]v.[elicited;elicited;eliciting]drawoutbydiscussionThedetectivestriedtoelicitwherehehadhiddenhisloot.elixir[isiiksE]n.cure-all;somethinginvigoratingThenewsofherchancetogoabroadactedonherlikeanelixir.ellipsis[i51ipsis]n.[ellipses]omissionofwordsfromatextSometimesanellipsiscanleadtoadanglingmodifier,asinthesentence*'Oncedressed,youshouldrefrigeratethepotatosalad.elliptical[isiiptikEi]adj.oval;ambiguous,eitherpurposelyorbecausekeywordshavebeenleftoutAnellipticalbilliardballwobblesbecauseitisnotperfectlyround;anellipticalremarkbafflesbecauseitisnotperfectlyclear.eloquence[5eiEkwEns]n.expressiveness;persuasivespeechThecrowdswerestirredbyMartinLutherKing'seloquence.elucidate[i51u:sideit]v.[elucidated;elucidated;elucidating]explain;enlightenHewascalledupontoelucidatethedisputedpointsinhisarticle.elusive[i5iu：siv]n.evasive;baffling;hardtograspHiselusivedreamsofwealthwerecostlytothoseofhisfriendswhosupportedhimfinancially.elysian[isiiviEn]adj.relatingtoparadise;blissfulAnafternoonsailonthebaywasforheranelysianjourney.emaciated[i5meiFieitid]adj.thinandwastedHislongperiodofstarvationhadlefthimemaciated.

90emanate[5emEneit]v.[emanated;emanated;emanating]issueforthAstrongodorofsulfuremanatedfromthespring.emancipate[iSmAnsipeit]v.[emancipated;emancipated;emancipating]setfreeAtfirst,theattemptsoftheAbolitionisttoemancipatetheslaveswereunpopularinNewEnglandaswellasintheSouth.embargo[em5ba:gEu]n.[embargoes]banoncommerceorotheractivityAsaresultoftheembargo,tradewithcolonieswasatastandstill.embark[im5ba：k]v.[embarked;embarked;embarking]commence;goonboardaboat;beginajourneyIndevotingherselftothestudyofgorillas,DianFosseyembarkedonacourseofactionthatwastocostherherlife.embed[im5bed]v.[embedded;embedded;embedding]enclose;placeinsomethingTalesofactualhistoricalfigureslikeKingAlfredhavebecomeembeddedinlegends.embellish[im5bAiiF]v.[embellished;embellished;embellishing]adornMymother-in-law'sstoriesaboutherjourneyfromRussiamadeuslaughbecausesheembellishedthebarefactsofhertravelswithhumourousanecdotes.embezzlement[im5bezimEnt]n.stealingThebanktellerconfessedhisembezzlementofthefunds.embroil[im5brRil]v.[embroiled;embroiled;embroiling]throwintoconfusionHebecameembroiledintheheateddiscussionwhenhetriedtoarbitratethedispute.embryonic[embri5Rnik]adj.undeveloped;rudimentaryTheevilofclassandracehatredmustbeeliminatedwhileitisstillinanembryonicstate;otherwise,itmaygrowtodangerousproportions.emend[i5mznd]v.[emended;emended;emending]correct,usuallyatextThecriticemendedthebookbyretranslatingseveralpassages.emendation[i:men5deiFEn]n.correctionoferrors;improvementPleaseinitialalltheemendationsyouhavemadeinthiscontract.emetic[i5metik]n.substancecausingvomitingTheuseofanemeticlikemustardisusefulincasesofpoisoning.eminent[5eminEnt]adj.high;lofty

91Afterhisappointmenttothiseminentposition,heseldomhadtimeforhisformerfriends.emissary[5emisEri]n.[emissaries]agent;messengerThesecretaryofStatewassentasthePresident'sspecialemissarytotheconferenceondisarmament.emollient[i5mRliEnt]n.soothingorsofteningremedyHeappliedanemollienttotheinflamedarea.emolument[i5maljumEnt]n.salary;compensationInadditiontotheemolumentthispositionoffers,youmustconsiderthesocialprestigeitcarrieswithit.empathy[5empAWik]n.abilitytoidentifywithanothefsfeelings,ideas,etcWhatmadeAnnsuchafinecounselorwasherempathy,herabilitytoputherselfinherclient'splaceandfeelhisemotionsasiftheywereherown.empirical[im5pirikEl]adj.basedonexperienceHedistrustedhunchesandintuitiveflashes;heplacedhisrelianceentirelyonempiricaldata.emulate[5emjuleit]v.[emulated;emulated;emulating]rival;imitateAslongasourpoliticalleadersemulatethevirtuesofthegreatleadersofthiscountry,weshallflourish.enamored[i5nAmEd]adj.inloveNarcissusbecameenamoredofhisownbeauty.enclave[en5cleiv]n.territoryenclosedwithinanalienlandTheVaticanisanindependentenclaveinItaly.encomiastic[enkEumi5Astik]adj.praising;eulogisticSomecriticsbelievethathisencomiasticstatementsaboutNapoleonwereinspiredbyhisdesireformaterialadvancementratherthanbyanhonestbeliefintheEmperofsgenius.encomium[en5kEumjEm]n.[encomiums,encomia]highpraise;eulogyUneasywiththeencomiumsexpressedbyhissupporters,Tolkienfeltunworthyofsuchhighpraise.encompass[in5kQmpEs]v.[encompassed;encompassed;encompassing]surroundAlthoughwewereencompassedbyenemyforces,wewerecheerfulforwewerewellstockedandcouldwithstandasiegeuntilouralliesjoinedus.encroachment[in5krEutFmEnt]n.[encroachments]gradualintrusionTheencroachmentofthefactoriesupontheneighborhoodloweredthevalueoftherealestate.

92encumber[in5kQmbE]v.[encumbered;encumbered;encumbering]burdenSomepeopleencumberthemselveswithtoomuchluggage,whentheytakeshorttrips.endearment[in5diEmEnt]n.[endearments]fondwordoractYourgiftsandendearmentscannotmakemeforgetyourearlierinsolence.endemic[en5demik]adj.prevailingamongaspecificgroupofpeopleorinaspecificareorcountryThisdiseaseisendemicinthispartoftheworld;morethan80percentofthepopulationareatonetimeoranotheraffectedbyit.endorse[in5dR：s]v.[endorsed;endorsed;endorsing]approve;supportEveryonewaitedtoseewhichoneoftherivalcandidatesforthecitycouncilthemayorwouldendorse.endue[inSdju]v.[endued;endued;enduing]providewithsomequality;endowHewasenduedwithalion'scourage.enduring[in5djuEriN]adj.lasting;survivingKeatsbelievedintheenduringpowerofgreatart,whichoutlastitscreator'sbrieflives.energize[enESdVaiz]v.[energized;energized;energizing]invigorate;makeforcefulandactiveRatherthanexhaustingMaggie,dancingenergizedher.enervate[5enEveit]v.[enervated;enervated;enervating]weakenShewasslowtorecoverfromherillness;evenashortwalktothewindowenervatedher.enfranchise[inSfrAntFaiz]v.[enfranchised;enfranchised;enfranchising]admittotherightsofcitizenship(especiallytherighttovote)AlthoughblackswereenfranchisedshortlyaftertheCivilWar,womendidnotreceivetherighttovoteuntil1920.engage[in5geidv]v.[engaged;engaged;engaging]attract;hire;pledgeoneself;confront“Yourcasehasengagedmyinterest,mylord/'saidHolmes,"Youmanyengagemyservices.1,engender[inSdvzndE]v.[engendered;engendered;engendering]cause;produceToreceivepraiseforrealaccomplishmentsengendersself-confidenceinachild.engross[in5grEus]v.[engrossed;engrossed;engrossing]occupyfullyJohnwassoengrossedinhisstudiesthathedidnothearhismothercall.enhance[in5ha：ns]

93v.[enhanced;enhanced;enhancing]advance;improveYourchancesforpromotioninthisdepartmentwillbeenhancedifyoutakesomemorecoursesineveningschool.enigma[iSnigmE]n.[enigmas,enigmata]puzzleDespiteallattemptstodecipherthecode,itremainedanenigma.enigmatic[enig5mAtik]adj.obscure;puzzlingManyhavesoughttofathomtheenigmaticsmileoftheMonaLisa.enjoin[in5dVRin]v.[enjoined;enjoined;enjoining]command;order;forbidTheownersofthecompanyaskedthecourttoenjointheunionfrompicketingtheplant.enmity[5enmiti]n.[enmities]illwill;hatredAtCampDavidPresidentCarterlaboredtobringanendtotheenmitythatpreventedEgyptandIsraelfromlivinginpeace.ennui[5anwi]n.boredomThemonotonousroutineofhospitallifeinducedafeelingofennuiwhichmadehimmoodyandirritable.enormity[i5nRrmEti]n.[enormities]hugeness(inabadsense)Hedidnotrealizetheenormityofhiscrimeuntilhesawwhatsufferinghehadcaused.enrapture[in5rAptfe]v.[enraptured;enraptured;enrapturing]pleaseintenselyTheaudiencewasenrapturedbythefreshnessofthevoicesandtheexcellentorchestration.ensconce[in5skRns]v.[ensconced;ensconced;ensconcing]settlecomfortablyTheparentsthoughtthattheirchildrenwereensconcedsafelyintheprivateschoolanddecidedtoleaveforEurope.ensue[in5sju：]v.[ensued;ensued;ensuing]followTheevilsthatensuedwerethedirectresultofthemiscalculationsoftheleaders.enthrall[in5WrRi]v.[enthralled;enthralled;enthralling]capture;enslaveFromthemomenthesawherpicture,hewasenthralledbyherbeauty.entice[in5tais]v.[enticed;enticed;enticing]lure;attract;temptShealwaystriedtoenticeherbabybrotherintomischief.entity[5entiti]n.[entities]realbeing

94Assoonasthecharterwasadopted,theUnitedNationsbecameanentityandhadtobeconsideredasafactorinworlddiplomacy.entomology[entE5mRlEdVi]n.studyofinsectsIfoundentomologytheleastinterestingpartofmycourseinbiology;studyinginsectsboredme.entrance[5entrEns]v.putunderaspell;carryawaywithemotionShaftsofsunlightonawallcouldentranceherandleaveherspellbound.entreat[in5tri：t]v.[entreated;entreated;entreating]plead;askearnestlySheentreatedherfathertoletherstayouttillmidnight.entree[5Rntrei]n.entrance;awayinBecauseofhiswealthandsocialposition,hehadentreeintothemostexclusivecircles.entrepreneur[5RntrEprE5nE：]n.businessperson;contractorOpponentsofourpresenttaxprogramarguethatitdiscouragesentrepreneursfromtryingnewfieldsofbusinessactivity.enumerate[i5nju:mEreit]v.[enumerated;enumerated;enumerating]list;mentiononebyoneHuckhunghisheadinshameasMissWatsonenumeratedhismanyflaws.enunciate[i5nQnsieit]v.[enunciated;enunciated;enunciating]speakdistinctlyHowwillpeopleunderstandyouifyoudonotenunciate?environ[in5vairEn]v.[environed;environed;environing]enclose;surroundPariswasenvironedbyawalleon[5i:En]n.longperiodoftime;anageIthastakeneonsforourcivilizationtodevelop.epaulet[5epEulet]n.ornamentwornontheshoulder(ofauniform,etc.)TheshoulderloopsonSamSpade'strenchcoatarethenonmilitarycounterpartsofthefringedepauletsonGeorgeWashington*suniform.ephemeral[i5femErEi]adj.short-lived;fleetingThemayflyisanephemeralcreature.epic[5epik]n.[epics]longheroicpoem,novel,orsimilarworkofartKurosawa'sfilmSevenSamuraiisanepicportrayingthestruggleofsevenwarriorstodestroyabandofrobbers.

95epicure[5epikjuE]n.connoisseuroffoodanddrinkepicuresfrequentthisrestaurantbecauseitfeaturesexoticwinesanddishes.epigram[5epigrAm]n.[epigrams]wittythoughtorsaying,usuallyshortPoorRichard'sepigramsmadeBenjaminFranklinfamous.epilogue[5epiiRg]n.shortspeechatconclusionofdramaticworkTheaudiencewassodisappointedintheplaythatmanydidnotremaintoheartheepilogue.episodic[epi5sRdik]adj.looselyconnectedThoughhetriedtofollowtheplotofGravity*sRainbow,Johnfoundthenoveltooepisodic.epistemologiSt[i,pisti5mRlEdVi]n.philosopherwhostudiesthenatureofknowledgeMWhatismoreimportant,aknowledgeofnatureofthenatureofknowledge?**theepistemologistaskedthenaturalist.epitaph[5epita:f]n.[epitaphs]inscriptioninmemoryofadeadpersonInhiswill,hedictatedtheepitaphhewantedplacedonhistombstone.epithet[5epiWet]n.[epithets]wordorphrasecharacteristicallyusedtodescribeapersonorthingSomanykingsofFrancewerenamedCharlesthatmodernstudentsneedepithetstotellthemapart:CharlestheWise,forexample,wassomeonefardifferentfromCharlestheFat.epitome[i5pitEmi]n.perfectexampleorembodimentSinging”1amtheverymodelofamodernMajor-General"inThePiratesofPenzance,Major-GeneralStanleyproclaimedhimselftheepitomeofanofficerandagentleman.epoch[5i:pRk]n.[epoches]periodoftimeTheglacialepochlastedforthousandsofyears.equable[5ekwEbi]adj.tranquil;steady;uniformAfterthehotsummersandcoldwintersofNewEngland,hefoundtheclimateoftheWestIndiesequableandpleasant.equanimity[i：kwESnimiti]n.calmnessoftemperamentInhislateryears,hecouldlookuponthefoolishnessoftheworldwithequanimityandhumor.equestrian[i5kwetriEn]n.rideronhorsebackThesepathsintheparkarereservedforequestriansandtheirsteeds.equilibrium[i:kwi51ibriEm]n.balanceAfterthedivorce,heneededsometimetoregainhisequilibrium.

96equine[5i:kwain]adj.resemblingahorseHislong,bonyfacehadanequinelooktoit.equinox[5i:kwEnRks]n.[equinoxes]periodofequaldaysandnights;thebeginningofspringandautumnThevernalequinoxisusuallymarkedbyheavyrainstorms.equipoise[5ekwipRiz]n.balance;balancingforce;equilibriumThehigh-wireacrobatusedhispoleasanequipoisetoovercometheswayingcausedbythewind.equitable[5EkwitEbi]adj.fair;impartialIamseekinganequitablesolutiontothisdispute,onewhichwillbefairandacceptabletobothsides.equity[5ekiti]n.[equities]fairness;justiceOurcourtsguaranteeequitytoall.equivocal[i5kwivEkl]adj.doubtful;ambiguousMacbethwasmisledbytheequivocalstatementsofthewitches.equivocate[i5kwivEkeit]v.[equivocated;equivocated;equivocating]lie;mislead;attempttoconcealthetruthTheaudiencesawthroughhisattemptstoequivocateonthesubjectunderdiscussionandridiculedhisremarks.erode[i5rEud]v.[eroded;eroded;eroding]eatawayThelimestonewaserodedbythedrippingwatererotic[i5rRtik]adj.pertainingtopassionateloveTheeroticpassagesinthisnovelshouldberemovedastheyaremerelypornographic.errant[5erEnt]adj.wanderingManyacharmingtalehasbeenwrittenabouttheknights-errantwhohelpedtheweakandpunishedtheguiltyduringtheAgeofChivalry.erratic[i5rAtik]adj.odd;unpredictableInvestorsbecomeanxiouswhenthestockmarketappearserratic.erroneous[i5rEunjEs]adj.mistaken;wrongIthoughtmyanswerwascorrect,butitwaserroneous.erudite[5erudait]adj.learned;scholarlyHiseruditewritingwasdifficulttoreadbecauseofthemanyallusionswhichwereunfamiliartomostreaders.escapade[eskE5peid]n.prank;flightyconductTheheadmastercouldnotregardthislatestescapadeasaboyishjokeandexpelledtheyoungman.

97eschew[zs5tFu]v.[eschewed;eschewed;eschewing]avoidHetriedtoeschewalldisplayoftemper.esoteric[esEu5terik]adj.hardtounderstand;knownonlytothechosenfewNewYorkershortstoriesoftenincludeesotericallusionstoobscurepeopleandevents:theimplicationisifyouareinthein-crowd,you'llgetthereference;ifyoucomefromCleveland,youwon'tespionage[espiE5na：v]n.spyingInordertomaintainitspower,thegovernmentdevelopedasystemofespionagethatpenetratedeveryhousehold.espouse[is5pauz]v.[espoused;espoused;espousing]adopt;supportShewasalwaysreadytoespouseaworthycause.esteem[is5ti：m]v.[esteemed;esteemed;esteeming]respect;value;judgeIesteemEzraPoundbothforhisexcitingpoetryandforhisacutecommentsonliterature.estranged[i'streindvd]adj.separated;alienatedTheestrangedwifesoughtadivorce.ethereal[iswiEriEi]adj.light;heavenly;fineVisitorswereimpressedbyheretherealbeauty,herdelicatecharm.ethnic[szwnik]adj.relatingtoracesIntolerancebetweenethnicgroupsisdeplorableandusuallyisbasedonlackofinformation.ethnology[eW5nRlEdVi]n.studyofmankindSociologyisoneaspectofthescienceofethnology.ethOS[5i:WRs]n.underlyingcharacterofaculture,group,etc.SeeinghowtenderlySpaniardstreatedhersmalldaughtermadeauthorBarbaraKingsolverawareofhowgreatlychildrenwerevaluedintheSpanishethos.etymology[eti5mRlEdVi]n.[etymologies]studyofwordpartsAknowledgeofetymologycanhelpyouonmanyEnglishtests.eugenic[ju:5dVenik]adj.pertainingtotheimprovementofraceItiseasiertoapplyeugenicprinciplestotheraisingofracehorsesorprizecattlethantthedevelopmentofhumanbeings.eulogistic[5ju:lE5dVistik]adj.praisingToeveryone*ssurprise,thespeechwaseulogisticratherthancriticalintone.

98eulogy[5juiEdvi]n.[eulogies]praiseAlltheeulogiesofhisfriendscouldnotremovethestingofthecalumnyheapeduponhimbyhisenemies.euphemism[5ju：fEmizm]n.mildexpressioninplaceofanunpleasantoneTheexpression*'hepassedaway"isaeuphemismfor"hedied.**euphony[5jufEnt]n.[euphonies]sweetsoundNotedforitseuphonyevenwhenitisspoken,theItalianlanguageisparticularlypleasingtotheearwhensung.euphoria[ju：5fR：riE]n.feelingofexaggerated(orunfounded)well-being"JilPsbeenoncloudnineeversinceJackaskedherout,"saidBetty,dismissingherfriend'seuphoria.euthanasia[,ju：WE5neiziE]n.mercykillingManypeoplesupporteuthanasiaforterminallyillpatientswhowishtodie.evanescent[i：vE5nesnt]adj.fleeting;vanishingForabriefmoment,theentireskylinewasbathedinanorange-redhueintheevanescentraysofthesunset.evasive[i5veisiv]adj.notfrank;eludingYourevasiveanswersconvincedthejudgethatyouwerewithholdingimportantevidence.evenhanded[5i:vEn5hAndid]adj.impartial;fairDomenandwomenreceiveevenhandedtreatmentfromtheirteachers,or,asrecentstudiessuggest,doteacherspaymoreattentiontomalestudentsthantofemales?evince[i5vins]v.[evinced;evinced;evincing]showclearlyWhenhetriedtoanswerthequestions,heevincedhisignoranceofthesubjectmatter.evoke[i5vEuk]v.[evoked;evoked;evoking]callforthHeevokedmuchcriticismbyhishostilemanner.ewe[ju：]n.[ewes]femalesheepTheflockofsheepwasmadeupofdozensofewes,togetherwithonlyahandfuloframs.exacerbate[eksSAsEbeit]v.[exacerbated;exacerbated;exacerbating]worsen;embitterThislatestarrestwillexacerbatethealreadyexistingdiscontentofthepeopleandenragethem.exacting[ig5zAktiN]

99adj.extremelydemandingThecoloniesrebelledagainsttheexactingfinancialclaimsofthemothercountry.exalt[ig5zR:lt]v.[exalted;exalted;exalting]raiseinrankordignity;praiseTheactorAlecGuinnesswasexaltedtotherankofknighthoodbytheQueen;henowisknownasSirAlecGuinness.exasperate[ig5za:spEreit]v.[exasperated;exasperated;exasperating]vexJohnnyoftenexasperateshismotherwithhispranks.excerpt[5eksE：pt]n.[excerpts]selectedpassage(writtenormusical)Thecinematicequivalentofanexcerptfromanovelisaclipfromafilm.exchequer[iks5tFekE]n.[exchequers]treasuryHehadbeenChancelloroftheexchequerbeforehispromotiontotheofficehenowholds.excise[ek5saiz]v.[excised;excised;excising]cutaway;cutoutWhenyouexcisethedeadanddyinglimbsofatree,younotonlyimproveitsappearancebutalsoenhanceitschancesofbearingfruit.excoriate[eks5kR:rieit]v.[excoriated;excoriated;excoriating]flay;abradeTheseshoesaresoill-fittingthattheywillexcoriatethefeetandcreateblisters.exculpate[5ekskQlpeit]v.[exculpated;exculpated;exculpating]clearfromblameHewasexculpatedofthecrimewhentherealcriminalconfessed.execrable[5eksikrEbi]adj.verybadTheanecdotewasinexecrabletasteandshockedtheaudience.execrate[5eksikreit]v.[execrated;execrated;execrating]curse;expressabhorrenceforTheworldexecratesthememoryofHitlerandhopesthatgenocidewillneveragainbethepolicyofanynation.execute[5eksikju:t]v.[executed;executed;executing]putintoeffect;carryoutThechoreographerwantedtoseehowwellshecouldexecuteapirouette.exegesis[eksE5dVi:sis]n.[exegeses]explanation,especiallyofbiblicalpassagesIcanfollowyourexegesisofthispassagetoalimiteddegree;someofyourreasoningeludesme.exemplary[ig5zemplEri]adj.servingasamodel;outstandingHerexemplarybehaviorwaspraisedatcommencement.exemplify[ig5zEmplifai]

100v.[exemplified;exemplified;exemplifying]showbyexample;furnishanexampleThree-timewinneroftheSuperBowl,JoeMontanaexemplifiestheidealquarterback.exertion[ig5ze：fed]n.[exertions]effort;expenditureofmuchphysicalworkTheexertioninvolvedinunscrewingtherustyboltleftherexhausted.exhort[ig5zR:t]v.[exhorted;exhorted;exhorting]urgeTheevangelistwillexhortallsinnersinhisaudiencetoreform.exhume[eks5hju:m]v.[exhumed;exhumed;exhuming]digoutoftheground;removefromagraveBecauseoftherumorthathehadbeenpoisoned,hisbodywasexhumedinorderthatanautopsymightbeperformed.exigency[5eksidVEnsi]n.[exigencies]urgentsituationInthisexigency,wemustlookforaidfromourallies.exiguous[eg5zigjuEs]adj.small;minuteGrassgrewthere,anexiguousoutcroppingamongtherocks.existential[,egzis5tenFEl]adj.pertainingtoexistence;pertainingtothephilosophyofexistentialismTotheexistentialphilosopher,humanreasonisinadequatetoexplainanirrational,meaninglessuniverse.exOdUS[5eksEdEs]n.departureTheexodusfromthehotandstuffycitywasparticularlynoticeableonFridayevenings.exonerate[ig5zRnEreit]v.[exonerated;exonerated;exonerating]acquit;exculpateIamsurethisletternamingtheactualculpritwillexonerateyou.exorbitant[ig5zR:bitEnt]adj.excessiveThepeoplegrumbledathisexorbitantpricesbutpaidthembecausehehadamonopoly.exorcise[5eksR：saiz]v.[exorcised;exorcised;exorcising]driveourevilspiritsByincantationandprayer,themedicinemansoughttoexorcisetheevilspiritsthathadtakenpossessionoftheyoungwarrior.exotic[ig5zRutik]adj.notnative;strangeBecauseofhisexoticheaddress,hewasfollowedinthestreetsbysmallchildrenwholaughedathisstrangeappearance.expatiate[eks5peiFieit]v.[expatiated;expatiated;expatiating]talkatlengthAtthistime,pleasegiveusabriefresumeofyourwork;weshallpermityoutoexpatiatelater.

101expatriate[eks5peitrieit]n.exile;someonewhohaswithdrawnfromhisnativelandHenryJameswasanAmericanexpatriatewhosettledinEngland.expedient[iks5pi：djEnt]adj.suitable;practical;politicApragmaticpolitician,hewasguidedbywhatwasexpedientratherthanbywhatwasethical.expedite[5ekspidait]v.[expedited;expedited;expediting]hastenWehopeyouwillbeabletoexpeditedeliverybecauseofourtightschedule.expertise[ekspESti：z]n.specializedknowledge;expertskillAlthoughshewasknowledgeableinanumberoffields,shewashiredforherparticularexpertiseincomputerprogramming.expiate[5ekspieit]v.[expiated;expiated;expiating]makeamendsfor(asin)Hetriedtoexpiatehiscrimesbyafullconfessiontotheauthorities.expletive[ek5spii：tiv]n.interjection;profaneoathThesergeant'sremarkswerefilledwithexpletivesthatoffendedthenewrecruits.explicate[5eksplikeit]v.[explicated;explicated;explicating]explain;interpret;clarifyHarryLevinexplicatedJamesJoyce*snovelswithsuchclaritythatevenFinnegan'sWakeseemedcomprehensibletohisstudents.explicit[iks5plisit]adj.totallyclear;definite;outspokenDon'tjusthintaroundthatyou'redissatisfied:beexplicitaboutwhat'sbuggingyou.exploit[5eksplRitziks5plRit]n.[exploits]deedoraction,particularlyabravedeedRaoulWallenbergwasnotedforhisexploitsinrescuingJewsfromHitler'sforces.exploit[5eksplRit,iks5plRit]v.makeuseof,sometimesunjustlyCaesarChavezfoughtattemptstoexploitmigrantfarmworkersinCalifornia.expository[iks5pRzi,tEri]adj.explanatory;servingtoexplainThemanualthatcamewithmyVCRwasnomasterpieceofexpositoryprose:itsexplanationsweresogarbledthatIcouldn'tevenfigureouthowtorewindatape.expostulation[ikspRstFE51eiFEn]n.protest;remonstranceDespitetheteacher'sscoldingsandexpostulations,theclassremainedunruly.exposure[iks5pEuVE]n.[exposures]risk,particularlyofbeingexposedtodiseaseortotheelements;unmasking;actoflayingsomethingopen

102Exposuretosunandwindhaddriedoutherhairandweatheredherface.expunge[eks5pQndV]v.[expunged;expunged;expunging]cancel;removeIfyoubehave,Iwillexpungethisnotationfromyourrecord.expurgate[5ekspE：geit]v.[expurgated;expurgated;expurgating]clean;removeoffensivepartsofabookTheeditorsfeltthatcertainpassagesinthebookhadtobeexpurgatedbeforeitcouldbeusedintheclassroom.extant[eks5tAnt]adj.stillinexistenceAlthoughtheauthoritiessuppressedthebook,manycopiesareextantandmaybepurchasedatexorbitantprices.extemporaneous[ekstempE5reinjE]adj.notplanned;impromptuBecausehisextemporaneousremarksweremisinterpreted,hedecidedtowriteallhisspeechesinadvance.extenuate[ik5stznjuet]v.[extenuated;extenuated;extenuating]weaken;mitigateItiseasierforustoextenuateourownshortcomingsthanthoseofothers.extirpate[5ekstE：peit]v.[extirpated;extirpated;extirpating]rootupTheSalemwitchtrialswereamisguidedattempttoextirpatesuperstitionandheresy.extol[iks5tRl]v.[extolled;extolled;extolling]praise;glorifyTheastronautswereextolledasthepioneersoftheSpaceAge.extort[ik5stR:t]v.[extorted;extorted;extorting]wringfrom;getmoneybythreats,etc.Theblackmailerextortedmoneyfromhisvictim.extradition[ekstrE5diFEn]n.surrenderofprisonerbyonestatetoanotherThelawyersopposedtheextraditionoftheirclientonthegroundsthatformorethanfiveyearshehadbeenamodelcitizen.extraneous[eks5treinjEs]adj.notessential;externalDonotpadyourpaperwithextraneousmatters;sticktoessentialitemsonly.extrapolation[ikstApE51eiFEn]n.projection;conjectureBasedontheirextrapolationfromtheresultsoftheprimariesonSuperTuesday,thenetworkspredictedthatGeorgeBushwouldbetheRepublicancandidateforthepresidency.extricate[5ekstrikeit]v.[extricated;extricated;extricating]free;disentangleHefoundthathecouldnotextricatehimselffromthetrap.

103extrinsic[eks5trinsik]adj.external;notinherent;foreignDonotbefooledbyextrinsiccauses.Wemustlookfortheintrinsicreason.extrovert[5ekstrEuvE：t]n.personinterestedmostlyinexternalobjectsandactionsAgoodsalespersoninusuallyanextrovert,wholikestominglewithpeople.extrude[ik5stru:d]v.[extruded;extruded;extruding]forceorpushoutMuchpressureisrequiredtoextrudetheseplastics.exuberant[ig5zju:bErEnt]adj.abundant;effusive;lavishHisspeecheswerefamousforhisexuberantlanguageandvividimagery.exude[ik5sjud]v.[exuded;exuded;exuding]discharge;giveforthThemaplesyrupisobtainedfromthesapthatthetreesexudeinearlyspring.exult[ig5zQlt]v.[exulted;exulted;exulting]rejoiceWeexultedwhenourteamwonthevictory.fabricate[5fAbrikeit]v.[fabricated;fabricated;fabricating]build;lieBecauseofthechild'stendencytofabricate,wehadtroublebelievingher.facade[fE5sB：d]n.[facades]frontofthebuildingThefacadeofthechurchhadoftenbeenphotographedbytouristsbecauseitwasmoreinterestingthantherear.facet[SfAsit]n.smallplanesurface(ofagem);asideThestonecutterdecidedtoimprovetheroughdiamondbyprovidingitwithseveralfacets.facetiOUS[fE5si:FEs]adj.humorous;jocularYourfacetiousremarksarenotappropriateatthisseriousmoment.facile[5fAsail]adj.easy;expertBecausehewasafacilespeaker,heneverrefusedarequesttoaddressanorganization.facilitate[fE5siiiteit]v.[facilitated;facilitated;facilitating]makelessdifficultHetriedtofacilitaterepaymentoftheloanbygettingapart-timejob.facsimile[fAk5simili]n.copyManymuseumssellfacsimilesoftheworksofartondisplay.faction[5fAkFEn]

104n.[factions]party;clique;dissensionThequarrelsandbickeringofthetwosmallfactionswithintheclubdisturbedthemajorityofthemembers.factious[5fAkFEs]adj.inclinedtoformfactions;causingdissension.Yourstatementisfactiousandwillupsettheharmonythatnowexists.factitious[fAk5tiFEs]adj.artificial;shamHollywoodactressesoftencreatefactitioustearsbyusingglycerine.factotum[fAk5tEutEm]n.handyman;personwhodoesallkindsofworkAlthoughwehadhiredhimasamessenger,wesoonbegantousehimasageneralfactotumaroundtheoffice.faculty[5fAkElti]n.[faculties]mentalorbodilypowers;teachingstaffAshegrewold,hefearedhemightlosehisfacultiesandbecomeuselesstohisemployer.fallacious[fE5ieFEs]adj.misleadingYourreasoningmustbefallaciousbecauseitleadstoaridiculousanswer,fallible[5fAiEbi]adj.liabletoerrIknowIamfallible,butIfeelconfidentthatIamrightthistime.fallow[5fAlEu]adj.plowedbutsowed;uncultivatedFarmershavelearnedthatitisadvisabletopermitlandtobefalloweveryfewyears.falter[5fR：itE]v.[faltered;faltered;faltering]hesitateWhentoldtodiveoffthehighboard,shedidnotfalter,butproceededatonce.fanaticism[fE5nAtisizm]n.excessivezealTheleaderofthegroupwasheldresponsibleeventhoughhecouldnotcontrolthefanaticismofhisfollowers.fancied['fAnsid]adj.imagined;unrealYouareresentingfanciedinsults.Noonehaseversaidsuchthingsaboutyou.fancier[5fAnsiE]n.breederordealerofanimalsThedogfancierexhibitedherprizecollieattheannualKennelClubshow.fanciful[5fAnsiful]adj.whimsical;visionaryThisisafancifulschemebecauseitdoesnotconsiderthefacts.fanfare[5fAnfze]n.callbybuglesortrumpets;showydisplayTheexpositionwasopenedwithfanfareoftrumpetsandthefiringofcannon.fantastic[fAn5tAstik]adj.[morefantastic;mostfantastic]unreal;grotesque;whimsicalYourfearsarefantasticbecausenosuchanimalasyouhavedescribedexists.

105farce[fa：s]n.[farces]broadcomedy;mockeryNothingwentright;theentireinterviewdegeneratedintoafarce.fastidious[fAs5tidiEs]adj.difficulttoplease;squeamishThewaitressesdislikedservinghimdinnerbecauseofhisveryfastidioustaste.fatalism[5fetlizEm]n.beliefthateventsaredeterminedbyforcesbeyondone'scontrolWithfatalism,heacceptedthehardshipsthatbesethim.fathom[5fATEm]v.[fathomed;fathomed;fathoming]comprehend;investigateIfindhismotivesimpossibletofathom.fatuous[5fAtjuEs]adj.foolish;inaneHeisfartoointelligenttouttersuchfatuousremarks.fauna[5fR：nE]n.[faunas,faunae]animalsofaperiodorregionThescientistcouldvisualizethefaunaoftheperiodbyexaminingtheskeletalremainsandthefossils.fawning['fR：niN]adj.courtingfavorbycringingandflatteringShewasconstantlysurroundedbyagroupoffawningadmirerswhohadhopedtowinsomefavor.faze[feiz]v.[fazed;fazed;fazing]disconcert;dismayNocrisiscouldfazetheresourcefulhotelmanager.feasible[5fi：zEbi]adj.practicalThisisanentirelyfeasibleproposal.Isuggestweadoptit.febrile[5fibrail]adj.feverishInhisfebrilecondition,hewassubjecttonightmaresandhallucinations.feckless[5feklis]adj.feeble,ineffective;unthinking,irresponsibleEinsteinwasnotedforhisextraordinaryinspirations;ontheotherhand,hewasnotedforbeingfecklessinhisdailychores.fecundity[fi5kQndEti]n.fertility;fruitfulnessThefecundityofhismindisillustratedbythemanyvividimagesinhispoems.feign[fein]v.[feigned;feigned;feigning]pretendLadyMacbethfeignedillnessinthecourtyardalthoughshewasactuallyhealthy.

106feint[fent]n.trick;shift;shamblowTheboxerwasfooledbyhisopponent'sfeintanddroppedhisguard.felicitous[fi51isitEs]adj.apt;suitablyexpressed;wellchosenHewasfamousforhisfelicitousremarksandwascalledupontoserveasmaster-of-ceremoniesatmanybanquet.felicity[fi5iisiti]n.[felicities]happiness;appropriateness(ofaremark,choice,etc.)Shewroteanotetothenewlywedswishingthemgreatfelicityintheirweddedlife.fell[fel]adj.cruel;deadlyThenewspaperstoldofthetragicspreadofthefelldiseasefelon[5felEn]n.[felons]personconvictedofagravecrimeAconvictedfelonlosestherighttovoteferment[5fE：ment]n.[ferments]agitation;commotionWiththebreakupoftheSovietUnion,muchofEasternEuropewasinastateofferment.ferret[Sfzrit]v.[ferreted;ferreted;ferreting]driveorhuntoutofhidingShewasferretedouttheirsecret.fervent[5fE：vEnt]adj.ardent;hotShefeltthattheferventpraisewasexcessiveandsomewhatundeserved.fervid[5fE：vid]adj.ardentHerfervidenthusiasminspiredallofustoundertakethedangerousmission.fervor[5fE：ve]n.glowingardorTheirkisswasfullofthefervoroffirstlove.fester[5festE]

107v.[festered;festered;festering]generatepusWhenherfingerbegantofester,thedoctorlanceditandremovedthesplinterthathadcausedthepustoform.fester[5festE]v.[festered;festered;festering]rankle,produceirritationorresentmentJoe'sinsultfesteredinAnne*smindfordays,andmadehertooangrytospeaktohim.festive[5festiv]adj.joyous;merryTheirweddingintheparkwasafestiveoccasion.fete[feit]v.[feted;feted;feting]honoratafestivalThereturningherowasfetedatacommunitysupperanddance.fetid[5fetid]adj.malodorousTheneglectedwoundbecamefetid.fetter[5fetE]v.[fettered;fettered;fettering]shackleTheprisonerwasfetteredtothewall.fiasco[fi5AskEu]n.[fiascos,fiascoes]totalfailureOurambitiousventureendedinafiascoandwewereforcedtoflee.fiat[5faiAt]n.commandIcannotacceptgovernmentbyfiat;IfeelthatImustbeconsulted.fickle[5fikl]adj.changeable;faithlessHediscoveredhissupposedlyfaithfulgirlfriendwasficklefictitious[fik5tiFEs]n.imaginaryAlthoughthisbookpurportstobeabiographyofGeorgeWashington,manyoftheincidentsarefictitious.fidelity[fi5deliti]n.[fedelities]loyaltyAdog'sfidelitytoitsownerisoneofthereasonswhythatanimalisafavoritehouseholdpet.figment[5figmEnt]n.invention;imaginarythingThatincidentnevertookplace;itisafigmentofyourimagination.figurative[5figjurEtiv]adj.notliteral,butmetaphorical;usingafigureofspeech“Toloseone'smarbles"isafigurativeexpression;ifyou'retoldJackhaslosthismarbles,nooneexpectsyoutorushouttobuyhimareplacementset.

108figurine[figju5ri:n]n.smallornamentalstatuetteIntheMalteseFalcon,SamSpadewashiredtotracethemissingfigurineofablackbird.filch[5filtF]v.[filched;filched;filching]stealTheboysfilchedapplesfromthefruitstand.filial[5filjEl]adj.pertainingtoasonordaughterManychildrenforgettheirfilialobligationsanddisregardthewishesoftheirparents.filibuster[5fiiEbQstE]v.[filibustered;filibustered;filibustering]blocklegislationbymakinglongspeechesEventhoughwedisapprovedofSenatorFoghorn'spoliticalgoals,wewereimpressedbyhisabilitytofilibusterendlesslytokeepanissuefromcomingtoavote.filigree[5filigri：]n.delicate,lacelikemetalworkThependantwithgoldfiligreethatsheworeroundhernecktrembledwitheachbreathshetook.finale[fiSnRii]n.conclusionItisnotuntilwereachthefinaleofthisplaythatwecanunderstandtheauthor'smessage.finesse[fi5nes]n.delicateskillThefinesseandadroitnessofthesurgeonimpressedtheobserversintheoperatingroom.finicky[5finiki]adj.[finickier;finickiest]tooparticular;fussyTheoldladywasfinickyaboutherfoodandateverylittle.finite[5fainait]adj.limitedItisdifficultforhumanitywithitsfiniteexistencetograsptheinfinite.firebrand[5faiEbrAnd]n.[firebrands]hothead;troublemakerThepolicetriedtokeeptrackofallthelocalfirebrandswhenthePresidentcametotown.fissure[5fiFE]n.[fissures]creviceThemountainclimberssecuredfootholdsintinyfissuresintherock.fitful[5fitful]adj.spasmodic;intermittentAfterseveralfitfulattempts,hedecidedtopostponethestartoftheprojectuntilhefeltmoreenergetic.flaccid[5flAksid]adj.flabby

109Hissedentarylifehadlefthimwithflaccidmuscles.flag[fiAg]v.[flagged;flagged;flagging]droop;growfeebleWhentheopposinghockeyteamscoreditsthirdgoalonlyminutesintothefirstperiod,thehometeam'sspiritsflagged.flagrant[5fleigrEnt]adj.conspicuouslywickedWecannotcondonesuchflagrantviolationsoftherules.flail[fleil]v.[flailed;flailed;flailing]threshgrainbyhand;strikeorslap;tossaboutInmedievaltimes,warriorsflailedtheirfoewithametalballattachedtoahandle.flair[fiZE]n.talentShehasanuncannyflairfordiscoveringnewartistsbeforethepublichasbecomeawareoftheirexistence.flamboyant[fiAmSbRiEnt]adj.ornateModernarchitecturehasdiscardedtheflamboyanttrimmingonbuildingsandemphasizessimplicityofline.flaunt[fiR：nt]v.[flaunted;flaunted;flaunting]displayostentatiouslySheisnottheoneofthoseactresseswhoflaunttheirphysicalcharms;shecanact.flay[fie]v.[flayed;flayed;flaying]stripoffskin;plunderThecriminalwascondemnedtobeflayedalive.fleck[flek]v.spotHercheeksfleckedwithtears,weretestimonytothehoursofweeping.fledgling[5fiedviiN]adj.inexperiencedWhileitisnecessarytoprovidethesefledglingpoetswithanopportunitytopresenttheirwork,itisnotessentialthatweadmireeverythingtheywrite.fleece[fii：s]n.[fleeces]woolcoatofasheepTheyshearsheepoftheirfleece,whichtheythencombintoseparatestrandsofwool.fleece[fii：s]v.[fleeced;fleeced;fleecing]rob;plunderThetrickstersfleecedhimofhisinheritance.flick[flik]n.[flicks]lightstrokewithawhipThehorseneedednoencouragement;onlyoneflickofthewhipwasallthejockeyhadtoapplytogettheanimaltorunattopspeed.

110flinch[flintF]v.[flinched;flinched;flinching]hesitate;shrinkHedidnotflinchinthefaceofdangerbutfoughtbackbravely.flippancy[5fiipEnsi]n.triflinggaietyYourflippancyatthisseriousmomentisoffensive.flit[flit]v.[flitted;flitted;flitting]fly;dartlightly;passswiftlybyLikeabeeflittingfromflowertoflower,Roseflittedfromoneboyfriendtothenext.floe[flEu]n.massoffloatingiceTheshipmadeslowprogressasitbattereditswaythroughtheicefloes.flora[5flR:rE]n.[floras,florae]plantsofaregionoreraBecauseshewasabotanist,shespentmostofhertimestudyingthefloraofthedesert.florid[5flRrid]adj.flowery;ruddyHiscomplexionwasevenmorefloridthanusualbecauseofhisanger.flotsam[5flRtsEm]n.driftingwreckageBeachcombersekeoutalivingbysalvagingtheflotsamandjetsamofthesea.flourish[5flQriF]v.[flourished;flourished;flourishing]growwell;prosper;makesweepinggesturesTheorangetreesflourishedinthesun.flout[flaut]v.[flouted;flouted;flouting]reject;mockTheheadstrongyouthfloutedallauthority;herefusedtobecurbed.fluctuation[flQktju5eiFEn]n.[fluctuations]waveringMeteorologistswatchthefluctuationsofthebarometerinordertopredicttheweather.fluency[5flu:Ensi]n.smoothnessofspeechHespokeFrenchwithfluencyandease.fluke[fiu：k]n.unlikelyoccurrence;strokeoffortuneWhenDouglassdefeatedTysonfortheheavyweightchampionship,somesportscastersdismissedhisvictoryasafluke.fluster[SflQstE]v.[flustered;flustered;flustering]confuseTheteachefssuddenquestionflusteredhimandhestammeredhisreply.fluted[5flu:tid]adj.havingverticalparallelgrooves(asinapillar)

111Allthatremainedoftheancientbuildingweretheflutedcolumns.flux[flQks]n.flowing;seriesofchangesWhileconditionsareinsuchastateofflux,Idonotwishtocommitmyselftoodeeplyinthisaffair.fodder[5fRdE]n.coarsefoodforcattle,horsesetc.OneofNancy'schoresattheranchwastoputfreshsuppliesoffodderinthehorses,stalls.foible[5fRibl]n.weakness;slightfaultWecanoverlookthefoiblesofourfriends;nooneisperfect.foil[fRil]n.[foils]contrastIn"StarWars,"dark,evilDarthVaderisaperfectfoilforfair-haired,naiveLukeSkywalker.foil[fRil]v.[foiled;foiled;foiling]defeat;frustrateIntheend,SkywalkerisabletofoilVader'sdiabolicalschemes.foist[fRist]v.[foisted;foisted;foisting]insertimproperly;palmoffIwillnotpermityoutofoistsuchridiculousideasuponthemembershipofthisgroup.foliage[5fEuiiidv]n.massesofleavesEveryautumnbeforetheleavesfellhepromisedhimselfhewoulddrivethoughtheNewEnglandtoadmirethecolorfulfallfoliage.foment[fEu5mZnt]v.[fomented;fomented;fomenting]stirup;instigateThisreportwillfomentdissensionintheclub.foolhardy[5fu：ihB：di]adj.[foolhardier;foolhardiest]rashDon'tbefoolhardy.Gettheadviceofexperiencedpeoplebeforeundertakingthisventure.foppish[5fRpiF]adj.vainaboutdressandappearanceHetriedtoimitatethefoppishmanneroftheyoungmenofthecourt.foray[5fR:rei]n.raidThecompanystagedamidnightforayagainsttheenemyoutpost.forbearance[fR：5bZErEns]n.patienceWemustuseforbearanceindealingwithhimbecauseheisstillweakfromhisillness.ford[fR：d]n.[fords]placewherearivercanbecrossedonfootRatherthanriskusingtheshakyropebridge,Davidwalkedahalf-miledownstreamuntilhecametothenearestford.

112forebears[5fR：bit]n.ancestorsReverenceforone'sforebears(sometimesreferredtoasancestorworship)playsanimportantpartinmanyOrientalcultures.foreboding[fR：5bEudiN]n.[forebodings]premonitionofevilCaeserridiculedhiswife*sforebodingabouttheIdesofMarch.forensic[fE5rensik]adj.suitabletodebateorcourtsoflawInherbestforensicmanner,thelawyeraddressedthejury.foreshadow[5fR：5FAdEu]v.[foreshadowed;foreshadowed;foreshadowing]giveanindicationbeforehand;portend;prefigureInretrospect,politicalanalystsrealizedthatYeltsin*sdefianceoftheattemptedcoupforeshadowedhisemergenceasthedominantfigureofthenewRussianrepublic.foresight[5fR：sait]n.abilitytoforeseefuturehappenings;prudenceAwiseinvestor,shehadtheforesighttobuylandjustbeforethecurrentrealestateboom.forestall[fR：5stR：i]v.[forestalled;forestalled;forestalling]preventbytakingactioninadvanceBysettingupaprenuptialagreement,theprospectivebrideandgroomhopedtoforestallanypotentialargumentsaboutmoneyintheeventofadivorce.forgo[fR:5gEu]v.[forwent;forgone;forgoing]giveup;dowithoutDeterminedtoloseweightforthesummer,Idadecidedtoforgodessertuntilshecouldfitintoasizeeightagain.formality[fR：5mAiiti]n.[formalities]adherencetoestablishedrulesorproceduresSigningthispetitionisamereformality;itdoesnotobligateyouinanyway.formidable[5fr：midEbi]adj.menacing;threateningWemustnottreatthebattlelightlyforwearefacingaformidablefoe.forsake[fE5seik]v.[forsook;forsaken;forsaking]desert;abandon;renounceNooneexpectedFostertoforsakehiswifeandchildrenandrunoffwithanotherwoman.forswear[fR：5swze]v.[forswore;forsworn;forswearing]renounce;abandonThecapturedknightcouldescapedeathonlyifheagreedtoforswearChristianityandembraceIslamastheonetruefaith.forte[5fR：teiffR：t]n.strongpointorspecialtalentIamnoteagertoplaythisratherseriousrole,formyforteiscomedy.

113forthright[fR：w5rait]adj.straightforward;direct;frankIpreferJill'sforthrightapproachtoJack'stendencytobeataroundthebush.fortitude[5fR：titju：d]n.bravery;courageHewasawardedthemedalforhisfortitudeinthebattle.fortuitous[fR:5tju:itEs]adj.accidental;bychanceThereisnoconnectionbetweenthesetwoevents;theirtimingisentirelyfortuitous.foster[5fRstE]v.[fostered;fostered;fostering]rear;encourageAccordingtothelegend,RomulusandRemuswerefosteredbyashe-wolfthatraisedtheabandonedinfantsasherown.founder[5faundE]v.failcompletely;sinkAfterhittingthesubmergediceberg,theTitanicstartedtakinginwaterrapidlyandsoonfoundered.founder[5faundE]n.[founders]personwhoestablishes(anorganization,business)AmongthosedrownedwhentheTitanicsankwasthefounderoftheAbraham&Strauschain.fracas[5frAkB：]n.[fracases,fracas]brawl;meleeThemilitarypolicestoppedthefracasinthebarandarrestedthebelligerents.fraCtiOUS[5frAkFEs]adj.unrulyThefractioushorseunseateditsrider.frailty[5freilti]n.[frailties]weaknessThedoctorprescribedvitaminandmineralsupplementsforthesickoldwomanbecauseofherfrailty.franchise[5frAntFaiz]n.[franchises]rightgrantedbyauthorityThecityissuedafranchisetothecompanytooperatesurfacetransitlinesonthestreetsforninety-nineyears.frantic[5frAntik]adj.wildAtthetimeofthecollision,manypeoplebecamefranticwithfear.fraudulent[5frRdVEiEnt]adj.cheating;deceitfulThegovernmentseekstopreventfraudulentandmisleadingadvertising.fraught[frR：t]adj.filled

114Sincethisenterpriseisfraughtwithdanger,Iwillaskforvolunteerswhoarewillingtoassumetherisks.fray[frei]n.brawlThethreemusketeerswereinthethickoffray.frenetic[fri5netik]adj.frenzied;franticHisfreneticactivitiesconvincedusthathehadnoorganizedplanofoperation.frenzied[5frenzid]adj.madlyexcitedAssoonastheysmelledsmoke,thefrenziedanimalsmilledaboutintheircages.fresco[5freskEu]n.[frescoes,frescos]paintinginplaster(usuallyfresh)ThecathedralisvisitedbymanytouristswhowishtoadmirethefrescoesbyGiotto.fret[fret]v.[fretted;fretted;fretting]tobeannoyedorvexedTofretoveryourpoorgradesisfoolish;instead,decidetoworkharderinthefuture.friction[5frikFEn]n.[frictions]clashinopinion;rubbingagainstAtthistimewhenharmonyisessential,wecannotaffordtohaveanyfrictioninourgroup.frieze[fri：z]n.[friezes]ornamentalbandonawallThefriezeofthechurchwasadornedwithsculpture.frigid[5fridvid]adj.intenselycoldAlaskaisinthefrigidzone.fritter[SfritE]v.[frittered;frittered;frittering]wasteHecouldnotapplyhimselftoanytaskandfritteredawayhistimeinidleconversation.frivolous[5frivElEs]adj.lackinginseriousness;self-indulgentlycarefree;relativelyunimportantThoughNancyenjoyedBill'sfrivolous,lightheartedcompanionship,shesometimeswonderedwhetherhecouldeverbeserious.frolicsome[5frRliksEm]adj.prankish;gayThefrolicsomepuppytriedtolickthefaceofitsmaster.frond[5frRnd]n.fernleaf;palmorbananaleafAfterthestormthebeachwaslitteredwiththefrondsofpalmtrees.fructify[5frQktifai]v.[fructified;fructified;fructifying]bearfruit

115Thispeachtreeshouldfructifyinthreeyears.frugality[fru：5gAiiti]n.thrift;economyIntheseeconomicallydifficultdaysbusinessesmustpracticefrugalityorriskbankruptcy.fruition[fru5iFEn]n.bearingoffruit;fulfillment;realizationThisbuildingmarksthefruitionofallouraspirationsandyearsofhardwork.fugitive[5fju：dvitiv]adj.fleetingortransitory;rovingThefilmbroughtafewfugitiveimagestohermind,butonthewholeitmadenolastingimpressionuponher.fulcrum[5fQlkrEm]n.[fulcrums,fulcra]supportonwhichaleverrestsIfweusethisstoneasafulcrumandthecrowbarasalever,wemaybeabletomovethisboulder.fulminate[5fQlmEnet]v.[fulminated;fulminated;fulminating]thunder;explodeThepeopleagainstwhomshefulminatedwereinnocentofanywrongdoing.fulsome[5fulsEm]adj.disgustinglyexcessiveHisfulsomepraiseofthedictatorannoyedhislisteners.functionary[5fQNkFEnEri]n.[functionaries]officialAshiscasewastransferredfromonefunctionarytoanother,hebegantodespairofeverreachingasettlement.fundamental[5fQndE5mentl]adj.[morefundamental;mostfundamental]basic;primary;essentialThecommitteediscussedallsortsofsideissueswithoutevergettingdowntoaddressingthefundamentalproblem.funereal[fju5niriEi]adj.sad;solemnIfailtounderstandwhythereissuchafunerealatmosphere;wehavelostabattle,notawar.furor[5fjuErE]n.frenzy;greatexcitementThestoryofherembezzlementofthefundscreatedafuroronthestockexchange.furtive[5fE：tiv]adj.stealthy;sneakyTheboygaveafurtivelookathisclassmate'stestpaper.fusillade[fju:zi51eid]n.simultaneousfiringoroutburst(ofmissiles,questions,etc.)Tchaikovsk/s1812Overtureconcludeswithathunderousfusilladeofcannonfire.

116fusion[5fjuVEn]n.[fusions]union;coalitionTheopponentsofthepoliticalpartyinpowerorganizedafusionofdisgruntledgroupsandbecameanimportantelementintheelection.futile[5fju：tail]adj.ineffective;fruitlessWhywasteyourtimeonfutilepursuits?gadfly[5gAdflai]n.[gadflies]animal-bitingfly;anirritatingpersonLikeagadfly,heirritatedalltheguestsatthehotel;withinfortyeighthours,everyoneregardedhimasanannoyingbusybody.gaffe[gAf]n.socialblunderAccordingtoMissManners,tocallyourhusbandbyyourlover'snameisworsethanameregaffe;itisatacticalmistake.gainsay[gein5sei]v.[gainsaid;gainsaid;gainsaying]denyShewastoohonesttogainsaythetruthofthereport.gait[geit]n.[gaits]mannerofwalkingorrunning;speedThelamemanwalkedwithanunevengait.galaxy[5gAiEksi]n.[galaxies]theMilkyWay;anycollectionofbrilliantpersonalitiesThedeathsofsuchfamousactorsasClarkGable,GaryCooper,SpencerTracy,andMarleneDietrichdemonstratethatthegalaxyofHollywoodsuperstarsisrapidlydisappearing.gall[gR:l]n.bitterness;nerveTheknowledgeofhisfailurefilledhimwithgall.gall[gR：l]v.[galled;galled;galling]annoy;chafeTheirtauntsgalledhim.galleon[5gAiiEn]n.largesailingshipTheSpaniardspinnedtheirhopesonthegalleon,thelargewarship;theBritish,onthesmallerandfasterpinnace.galvanize[5gAlvEnaiz]v.[galvanized;galvanized;galvanizing]stimulatebyshock;stirupTheentirenationwasgalvanizedintostrongmilitaryactivitybythenewsoftheattackonPearlHarbor.gambit[5gAmbit]n.openinginchessinwhichapieceissacrificedTheplayerwasafraidtoaccepthisopponent'sgambitbecausehefearedatrapwhichasyethecouldnotsee.

117gambol[5gAmbl]v.[gamboled,gambolled;gamboled,gambolled;gamboling,gambolling]skip;leapplayfullyWatchingchildrengambolingintheparkisapleasantexperiencegamely[geimii]adv.inaspiritedmanner;withcourageBecausehehadfoughtgamelyagainstamuchsuperiorboxer,thecrowdgavehimastandingovationwhenheleftthearena.gamut[5gAmEt]n.entirerangeInthisperformance,theleadingladywasabletodemonstratethecompletegamutofheractingability.gape[geip]v.[gaped;gaped;gaping]openwidelyThehugepitgapedbeforehim;ifhestumbled,hewouldfallin.garbled[]adj.mixedup;jumbled;distortedAfavoritepartygameinvolvespassingawhisperedmessagefromonepersontoanother;bythetimeitreachesthelastplayer,themessagehasbecometotallygarbled.gargantuan[gB：5gAntFuEn]adj.huge;enormousThegargantuanwrestlerwasterrifiedofmice.gargoyle[5ga：gRii]n.waterspoutcarvedingrotesquefiguresonabuildingThegargoylesadorningtheCathedralofNotreDameinParisareamusingintheirgrotesqueness.garish[5geriF]adj.gaudySheworeagarishrhinestonenecklace.garner[5garnE]v.[garnered;garnered;garnering]gather;storeupShehopedtogarnertheworld'sliteratureinonelibrary.garnish[5ga:niF]v.[garnished;garnished;garnishing]decorateParsleywasusedtogarnishtheboiledpotato.garrulity[gE5ruiEti]n.talkativenessThemanwhomarriedadumbwifeaskedthedoctortomakehimdeafbecauseofhiswife'sgarrulityafterhercure.garrulous[5gArulEs]adj.excessivelytalkative,especiallyaboutunimportantsubjects;loquacious;wordyManyclubmembersavoidedthecompanyofthegarrulousjuniorexecutivebecausehisconstantchatterboredthemtotears.gastronomy[gAs5trRnEmi]n.scienceofpreparingandservinggoodfoodOneoftheby-productsofhistriptoEuropewashisinterestingastronomy;heenjoyed

118preparingandservingforeigndishestohisfriends.gauche[gEuF]adj.clumsy;boorishSuchremarksaregaucheandoutofplace;youshouldapologizeformakingthem.gaudy[5gR：di]adj.[gaudier;gaudiest]flashy;showyHergaudytasteinclothesappalledus.gaunt[gR：nt]adj.[gaunter;gauntest]leanandangular;barrenHisonce-roundfacelookedsurprisinglygauntafterhehadlostweight.gawk[gR：k]v.[gawked;gawked;gawking]starefoolishly;lookinopen-mouthedaweThecountryboygawkedattheskyscrapersandneonlightsofthebigcity.gazette[gE5zet]n.officialpublicationHereadthegazettesregularlyforannouncementofhispromotion.genealogy[dvi：ni5AlEdvi]n.[genealogies]recordofdescent;lineageHewasproudofhisgenealogyandconstantlyreferredtotheachievementsofhisancestors.generality[dVenE5rAiiti]n.[generalities]vaguestatementThisreportisfilledwithgeneralities;youmustbemorespecificinyoustatements.generic[dVi5nerik]adj.characteristicofanentireclassorspeciesSueknewsomanycomputerprogrammerswhospenttheirsparetimeplayingfantasygamesthatshebegantothinkthatplayingDungeon&Dragonswasagenerictrait.genesis[5dVenisis]n.[genesises]beginning;originTracingthegenesisofafamilyisthethemeof“Roots.”geniality[dvi：ni5Aiiti]n.cheerfulness;kindliness;sympathyThisrestaurantisfamousandpopularbecauseofthegenialityoftheproprietor,whotriestomakeeveryonehappy.genre[VB：Nr]n.[genres]particularvarietyofartorliteratureBothashortstorywriterandapoet,LangstonHughesprovedhimselfequallyskilledineithergenre.genteel[dven5ti：i]adj.well-bred;elegantWearelookingforamanwithagenteelappearancewhocaninspireconfidencebyhiscultivatedmanner.gentility[dvznStiiEti]

119n.thoseofgentlebirth;refinementHerfamilywasproudofitsgentilityandelegance.gentry[saventri]n.peopleofstanding;classofpeoplejustbelownobilityThelocalgentrydidnotwelcomethevisitsofthesummertouristsandtriedtoignoretheirpresenceinthecommunity.genuflect[5dVenjuflekt]v.[genuflected;genuflected;genuflecting]bendthekneeasinworshipAprouddemocrat,herefusedtogenuflecttoanyman.germane[dVE5men]adj.pertinent;bearinguponthecaseathandThelawyerobjectedthatthetestimonybeingofferedwasnotgermanetothecaseathand.germinal[5dVE：mini]adj.pertainingtoagerm;creativeSuchanideaisgerminal;Iamcertainthatitwillinfluencethinkersandphilosophersformanygenerations.germinate[5dVE：mineit]v.[germinated;germinated;germinating]causetosprout;sproutAftertheseedsgerminateanddeveloptheirpermanentleaves,theplantsmayberemovedfromthecoldframesandtransplantedtothegarden.gerontocracy[dVerRn5tRkresi]n.[gerontocracies]governmentruledbyoldpeopleGullivervisitedagerontocracyinwhichtheyoungpeopleactedasservantstotheirelders,allthewhiledreamingofthedaytheywouldbeoldenoughtohaveservantsoftheirown.gerrymander[5dVerimAndE]v.[gerrymandered;gerrymandered;gerrymandering]changeinvotingdistrictlinesinordertofavorapoliticalpartyTheillogicalpatternofthemapofthiscongressionaldistrictisproofthatthestatelegislaturegerrymanderedthisareainordertofavorthemajorityparty.gestate[Sdvesteit]v.[gestated;gestated;gestating]evolve,asinprenatalgrowthWhilethisschemewasbeinggestatedbytheconspirators,theymaintainedcompletesilenceabouttheirintentions.gesticulation[dVestikju51eiFEn]n.motion;gestureOperaticperformersaretrainedtomakeexaggeratedgesticulationsbecauseofthelargeauditoriumsinwhichtheyappear.ghastly[5ga:stli]adj.[ghastlier;ghastliest]horribleThemurderedmanwasaghastlysight.gibberish[5dvibEriF]n.nonsense;babbling

120Didyouhearthatfoolishboyspoutinggibberishaboutmonstersfromouterspace?gibe[dVaib]v.[gibed;gibed;gibing]mockAsyougibeattheirsuperstitiousbeliefs,doyourealizethatyou,too,areguiltyofsimilarlyfoolishthoughts?giddy[5gidi]adj.[giddier;giddiest]light-hearted;dizzyHefelthisgiddyyouthwaspast.gingerly[5dvindVEii]adv.verycarefullyToseparateeggwhites,firstcracktheegggingerly.girth[gE：w]n.[girths]distancearoundsomething;circumferenceIttookanextra-largecummerbundtofitaroundAndrewCarnegie'sconsiderablegirth.gist[dvist]n.essenceshewasaskedtogivethegistoftheessayintwosentence.glacial[5gieiFEi]adj.likeaglacier;extremelycoldGlobalwarmingtriggersglaciallakesfloodthreat.glaring[SgiZEriN]adj.highlyconspicuous;harshlybrightglaringspellingorgrammaticalerrorsinyourresumewillunfavorablyimpresspotentialemployers.glaze[gleiz]v.[glazed;glazed;glazing]coverwithathinandshinysurfaceThefreezingrainglazedthestreetsandmadedrivinghazardous.glean[gii：n]v.[gleaned;gleaned;gleaning]gatherleavingsAfterthecropshadbeenharvestedbythemachines,thepeasantswerepermittedtogleanthewheatleftinthefields.glib[glib]adj.[glibber;glibbest]fluentHeisaglibandarticulatespeaker.glimmer[5giimE]v.[glimmered;glimmered;glimmering]shineerratically;twinkleInthedarknessofthecavern,theglowwormshangingfromthecavernroofglimmeredlikedistantstars.gloat[giEut]v.[gloated;gloated;gloating]expressevilsatisfaction;viewmalevolentlyAsyougloatoveryourill-gottenwealth,doyouthinkofthemanyvictimsyouhavedefrauded?

121glossover[]v.explainawayNomatterhowhardhetriedtotalkaroundtheissue,PresidentBushcouldnotglossoverthefactthathehadraisedthetaxesafterall.glossary[5glRsEri]n.[glossaries]briefexplanationofwordsusedinthetextIhavefoundtheglossaryinthisbookveryuseful;ithaseliminatedmanytripstothedictionary.glossy[5glRsi]adj.[glossier;glossiest]smoothandshiningIwantthisphotographprintedonglossypaper,notmatte.glower[5glauE]v.[glowered;glowered;glowering]scowlTheangryboygloweredathisfather.glut[glQt]v.[glutted;glutted;glutting]overstock;filltoexcessThemanymanufacturersgluttedthemarketandcouldnotfindpurchasersforthemanyarticlestheyhadproduced.glutinous[5glu:tinEs]adj.sticky;viscousMolassesisaglutinoussubstance.glutton[5glQtn]n.[gluttons]someonewhoeatstoomuchWhenMothersawthatBobbyhadeatenallthecookies,shecalledhimalittleglutton.gnarled[nB：id]adj.twistedThegnarledoaktreehadbeenalandmarkforyearsandwasmentionedinseveraldeeds.gnome[nEum]n.dwarf;undergroundspiritInmedievalmythology,gnomeswerethespecialguardiansandinhabitantsofsubterraneanmines.goad[gEud]v.[goaded;goaded;goading]urgeonHewasgoadedbyhisfriendsuntilheyieldedtotheirwishes.gorge[gR：dv]n.[gorges]narrowcanyon;steep,rockycleftTerrifiedofheights,Georgecouldnotbringhimselftopeerdownintothegorgetoseetherapidsbelow.gorge[gR：dv]v.[gorged;gorged;gorging]stuffoneselfThegluttonousguestgorgedhimselfwithfoodasthoughhehadnoteatenfordays.gory[5gR:ri]adj.[gorier;goriest]bloody

122Theaudienceshudderedastheylistenedtothedetailsofthegorymassacre.gossamer[5gRsEmE]adj.sheer;likecobwebsNyloncanbewovenintogossamerorthickfabrics.gouge[gaudv]v.[gouged;gouged;gouging]tearoutInthatfight,alltheruleswereforgotten;theadversariesbit,kicked,andtriedtogougeeachothefseyesout.gourmand[5guEmEnd]n.epicure;personwhotakesexcessivepleasureinfoodanddrinkGourmandslackself-restraint;iftheyenjoyaparticularcuisine,theyeatfartoomuchofit.gourmet[5guEmei]n.connoisseuroffoodanddrinkThegourmetstatedthatthiswasthebestonionsoupshehadevertasted.graduated[]adj.arrangedbydegree(ofheight,difficulty,etc.)MargaretlovedhergraduatedsetofRussianhollowwoodendolls;shespenthourshappilyputtingthesmallerdollsintotheirlargercounterparts.granary[5grAnEri]n.[granaries]storehouseforgrainWehavereasontobethankful,forourcropsweregoodandourgranariesarefull.grandeur[5grAndVE]n.impressiveness;stateliness;majestyNomatterhowoftenhehikedthroughthemountains,DavidneverfailedtobestruckbythegrandeuroftheSierraNevadarange.grandiloquent[grAn5diiEkwEnt]adj.pompous;bombastic;usinghigh-soundinglanguageThepoliticiancouldneverspeaksimply;shewasalwaysgrandiloquent.grandiose[5grAndiEus]adj.imposing;impressiveHisgrandiosemannerimpressedthosewhomethimforthefirsttime.granulate[5grAnjuleit]v.[granulated;granulated;granulating]formintograinsSugarthathasbeengranulateddissolvesmorereadilythanlumpsugar.graphic[5grAfik]adj.pertainingtotheartofdelineating;vividlydescribedIwasparticularlyimpressedbythegraphicpresentationofthestorm.grapple[5grApi]v.[grappled;grappled;grappling]wrestle;cometogripswithHegrappledwiththeburglarandoverpoweredhim.grate[greit]v.[grated;grated;grating]makeaharshnoise;haveanunpleasanteffect;shredThescreamsofthequarrelingchildrengratedonhernerves.

123gratify[5grAtifai]v.[gratified;gratified;gratifying]pleaseHerparentsweregratifiedbyhersuccess.gratis[5greitis]adv.freeThecompanyofferedtogiveonepackagegratistoeverypurchaserofoneoftheirproducts.gratuitous[grE5tjuitEs]adj.givenfreely;unwarranted;uncalledforQuitmakinggratuitouscommentsaboutmydriving;nooneaskedyouforyouropinion.gratuity[grE5tju：iti]n.[gratuities]tipManyserviceemployeesrelymoreongratuitiesthanonsalariesfortheirlivelihood.gravity[5grAviti]n.seriousnessWecouldtellwewereinserioustroublefromthegravityofherexpression.gregariOUS[gre5gZEriEs]adj.sociableTypically,party-throwersaregregarious;hermitsarenot.grievance[5gri：vEns]n.[grievances]causeofcomplaintWhenhersupervisorignoredhercomplaint,shetookhergrievancetotheunion.grill[gril]v.[grilled;grilled;grilling]questionseverelyInviolationoftheMirandalaw,thepolicegrilledthesuspectforseveralhoursbeforereadinghimhisrights.grimace[gri5meis]n.[grimaces]afacialdistortiontoshowfeelingsuchaspain,disgust,etc.Eventhoughheremainedsilent,hisgrimaceindicatedhisdispleasure.grisly[5grizli]adj.ghastlySheshudderedatthegrislysight.grotesque[grEu5tesk]adj.fantastic;comicallyhideousOnHalloweenpeopleenjoywearinggrotesquecostumes.grotto[5grRtEu]n.[grottoes,grottos]smallcavernTheBlueGrottoinCapricanbeenteredonlybysmallboatsrowedbynativesthroughanaturalopeningintherocks.grouse[graus]v.complain;fussStudentstraditionallygrouseabouttheabysmalqualityof"mysterymeat**andsimilardormitoryfood.

124grovel[5grRvl]v.[groveled,grovelled;groveled,grovelled;groveling,grovelling]crawlorcreeponground;remainprostrateEventhoughwehavebeendefeated,wedonothavetogrovelbeforeourconquerors.grudging[SgrQdviN]adj.unwilling;reluctant;stingyWereceivedonlygrudgingsupportfromthemayordespitehisearlierpromisesofaid.gruel[5gru:El]n.thin,liquidporridgeOurdailyallotmentofgruelmadethemealnotonlymonotonousbutalsounpalatable.grueling[5gruEiiN]adj.exhaustingThemarathonisagruelingrace.gruesome[5gru：sEm]adj.grislyPeoplescreamedwhenhergruesomeappearancewasflashedonthescreen.gruff[grQf]adj.[gruffer;gruffest]rough-manneredAlthoughhewasbluntandgruffwithmostpeople,hewasalwaysgentlewithchildren.guffaw[gQ5fR:]n.boisterouslaughterTheloudguffawsthatcamefromtheclosedroomindicatedthatthemembersofthecommitteehadnotyetsettleddowntoaseriousbusiness.guile[gail]n.deceit;duplicitySheachievedherhighpositionbyguileandtreachery.guileless[gailis]adj.withoutdeceitHeisnaive,simple,andguileless;hecannotbeguiltyoffraud.guise[gaiz]n.[guises]appearance;costumeIntheguiseofaplumber,thedetectiveinvestigatedthemurdercase.gullible[5gQiEbi]adj.easilydeceivedHepreyedupongulliblepeople,whobelievedhisstoriesofeasywealth.gustatory[5gQstEtEri]adj.affectingthesenseoftasteTheThairestaurantofferedanunusualgustatoryexperienceforthoseusedinablandcuisine.gusto[5gQstEu]n.[gustoes,gustos]enjoyment;enthusiasmHeacceptedtheassignmentwithsuchgustothatIfeelhewouldhavebeensatisfiedwithasmallersalary.

125gusty[5gQsti]adj.[gustier;gustiest]windyThegustyweathermadesailingprecarious.gyroscope[5gaiErEskEup]n.apparatususedtomaintainbalance,ascertaindirection,etc.Byusingarotatinggyroscope,theywereabletostabilizethevessel,counteractingtherollingmovementsofthesea.hackles[]n.hairsonbackandneck,especiallyofadogThedog'shacklesroseandhebegantogrowlasthesoundoffootstepsgrewlouder.hackneyed[5hAknid]adj.commonplace;triteTheEnglishteachercriticizedherstorybecauseofitshackneyedandunoriginalplot.haggard[5hAgEd]adj.wastedaway;gauntAfterhislongillness,hewaspaleandhaggard.haggle[5hAgi]v.[haggled;haggled;haggling]argueaboutpricesIprefertoshopinastorethathasaone-pricepolicybecause,wheneverIhagglewithashopkeeper,IamnevercertainthatIpaidafairpriceforthearticlesIpurchased.halcyon[5hAlsiEn]adj.calm;peacefulInthosehalcyondays,peoplewerenotworriedaboutsneakattacksandbombings.hale[heil]adj.[haler;halest]healthyAfterabriefillness,hewassoonhale.hallowed[5hAiEud]adj.blessed;consecratedShewaslaidtorestinhallowedground.hallucination[hElu:sineiFEn]n.delusionIthinkyouwerefrightenedbyahallucinationthatyoucreatedinyouownmind.halting[5hR：itiN]adj.hesitant;falteringNoviceextemporaneousspeakersoftentalkinahaltingfashionastheygropefortherightwords.hamper[5hAmpE]v.[hampered;hampered;hampering]obstructTheminoritypartyagreednottohampertheeffortsoftheleaderstosecurealastingpeace.hap[hAp]n.[haps]chance;luckInhispoemhap,ThomasHardyobjectstothepartchanceplaysinourlives.haphazard[5hAp5hAzEd]adj.random;bychanceHishaphazardreadinglefthimunacquaintedwiththeauthorsofthebooks.

126hapless[5hApiis]adj.unfortunateThishaplesscreaturehadneverknownamoment'spleasure.harangue[hE5rAN]n.[harangues]long,passionate,andvehementspeechInherlengthyharangue,theprincipalberatedtheoffenders.harass[5hArEs]v.[harassed;harassed;harassing]annoybyrepeatedattacksWhenhecouldnotpayhisbillsasquicklyashehadpromised,hewasharassedbyhiscreditors.harbinger[5hB：bindVE]n.forerunnerThecrocusisanearlyharbingerofspring.harbor[5hB：bE]v.[harbored;harbored;harboring]providearefugefor;hideThechurchharboredillegalalienswhowerepoliticalrefugees.hardy[5ha：di]adj.[hardier;hardiest]sturdy;robust;abletostandinclementweatherWeaskedthegardeningexperttorecommendparticularlyhardyplantsthatcouldwithstandourharshNewEnglandwinters.harping[]n.[harpists]tiresomedwellingonasubjectAfterhehadremindedmeseveraltimesaboutwhathehaddoneformeItoldhimtostophisharpingonmyindebtednesstohim.harrow[5hArEu]v.[harrowed;harrowed;harrowing]breakupgroundafterplowing;tortureIdon,twanttoharrowyouatthistimebyaskingyoutorecallthedetailsofyourunpleasantexperience.harry[5hAri]v.[harried;harried;harrying]harass,annoy,torment;raidTheguerrillabandharriedtheenemynightly.hatch[hAtF]n.[hatches]deckopening;lidcoveringadeckopeningThelatchonthehatchfailedtocatch,sothehatchremainedunlatched.haughtiness[5hR:tinis]n.pride;arroganceIresenthishaughtinessbecauseheisnobetterthanweare.hazardous[ShAzEdEs]adj.dangerousYouroccupationistoohazardousforinsurancecompaniestoconsideryourapplication.hazy[5hezi]adj.[hazier;haziest]slightlyobscureInhazyweather,youcannotseethetopofthismountain.

127headlong[5hediRN]adv.hasty;rashTheslaveseizedtheunexpectedchancetomakeaheadlongdashacrossthebordertofreedom.headstrong[5hedstrR：n]adj.stubborn;willful;unyieldingBecausesherefusedtomarrythemanherparentshadchosenforher,everyonescoldedMinnaandcalledherafoolish,headstronggirl.heckler['hekiE]n.personwhoverballyharassesothersThehecklerkeptinterruptingthespeakerwithruderemarks.hedonism[5hi:dEnizEm]n.beliefthatpleasureisthesoleaiminlifehedonismandasceticismareopposingphilosophiesofhumanbehavior.heedless[5hi：diis]adj.notnoticing;disregardingHedroveon,heedlessofthewarningsthattheroadwasdangerous.hegemony[hi:5dVemEni]

128n.[hegemonies]dominance,especiallyofonenationoverothersAsoneEasternEuropeannationafteranotherdeclareditsindependence,commentatorsmarveledatthesuddenbreakdownoftheoncemonolithicSoviethegemony.heinous[5heinEs]adj.atrocious;hatefullybadHitler'sheinouscrimeswillneverbeforgotten.herbivorous[hE5bivErEs]adj.grain-eatingSomeherbivorousanimalshavetwostomachsfordigestingtheirfood.heresy[5herEsi]n.[heresies]opinioncontrarytopopularbeliefortoacceptedreligionHewasthreatenedwithexcommunicationbecausehisremarkswereconsideredtobepureheresy.heretic[5herEtik]n.[heretics]personwhomaintainsopinionscontrarytothedoctrinesofthechurchShewaspunishedbytheSpanishInquisitionbecauseshewasaheretic.hermetic[hE：5metik]adj.sealedbyfusionsoastobeairtightAfterthesebandagesaresterilized,theyareplacedinhermeticcontainers.hermetic[hE:5metik]adj.obscureandmysterious;occultItisstrangetoconsiderthatmodernchemistryoriginatedinthehermeticteachingsoftheancientalchemists.hermitage[5hE：mitidv]n.[hermitages]homeofahermitEveninhisremotehermitagehecouldnotescapecompletelyfromtheworld.herpetologist[5hE:pE5tRlEdVist]n.onewhostudiesreptilesAsaboy,IndianaJoneshadatraumaticexperienceinvolvingsnakes;sensiblyenough,hestudiestobearchaeologist,notaherpetologist.heterodox[5hetErEdRks]adj.unorthodox;unconventionalTothosewhoupheldthebeliefthattheearthdidnotmove,Galileo'stheorythattheearthcircledthesunwasdisturbinglyheterodox.heterogeneous[hetErE5dvi：niEs]adj.dissimilarInaheterogeneousgroup,wehaveanunassortedassemblage,whileinahomogeneousgroupwehavepeopleorthingsthathavecommontraits.hew[hju]v.[hewed;hewed,hewn;hewing]cuttopieceswithaxorswordThecavalryrushedintomeleeandhewedtheenemywiththeirswords.heyday[5heidei]

129n.timeofgreatestsuccess;primeIntheirheyday,theSanFranciscoForty-NinerswontheSuperBowltwoyearsrunning.hiatus[hai5eitEs]n.[hiatuses,hiatus]gap;pauseExceptforabrieftwo-yearhiatus,duringwhichsheenrolledinthePeaceCorps,Ms.Clementshasdevotedherselftohermedicalcareer.hibernal[hai5bE：ni]adj.wintryBearspreparefortheirlonghibernalsleepbyovereating.hibernate[5haibEneit]v.[hibernated;hibernated;hibernating]sleepthroughoutthewinterBearsareoneofthemanyspeciesofanimalsthathibernate.hierarchy[5haiEra：ki]n.[hierarchies]bodydividedintoranksItwasdifficulttostepoutofone'splaceinthishierarchy.hieroglyphic[5haiErE5glifik]n.[hieroglyphics]picturewritingThediscoveryoftheRosettaStoneenabledscholarstoreadtheancientEgyptianhieroglyphics.hilarity[hE5iArEti]n.boisterousmirthThehilarityisimproperonthissolemndayofmourning.hindmost[5haindmEust]adj.furthestbehindThecowardcouldalwaysbefoundinthehindmostlineswheneverabattlewasbeingwaged.hindrance[5hindrEns]n.[hindrances]block;obstacleStalledcarsalongthehighwayareahindrancetotrafficthattowtrucksshouldremovewithoutdelay.hinterlands□n.[hinterlands]backcountryTheyseldomhadvisitors,livingastheydidwayoutinthehinterlands.hireling[5haiEiiN]n.onewhoservesforhire(usuallyusedcontemptuously)Inamatterofsuchimportance,Idonotwishtodealwithhirelings;Imustmeetwiththechief.hirsute[5hE：sut]adj.hairyHewasahirsuteindividualwithaheavyblackbeard.histrionic[histri5Rnik]adj.theatricalHewasproudofhishistrionicabilityandwantedtoplaytheroleofHamlet.hoard[hR：d]v.[hoarded;hoarded;hoarding]stockpile;accumulateforfutureuseWhenevertherearerumorsofafoodshortage,peoplearetemptedtohoardfood.hoary[5hR：ri]adj.[hoarier;hoariest]whitewithage

130Themanwashoaryandwrinkledwhenhewas70.hoax[hEuks]n.trick;practicaljokeEmbarrassedbythehoax,hereddenedandlefttheroom.holocaust[5halEkRst]n.destructionbyfireCitizensofSanFranciscorememberthatthedestructionofthecitywascausednotbytheearthquakebutbytheholocaustthatfollowed.holster[5hEulstE]n.[holsters]pistolcaseEvenwhenhewasnotinuniform,hecarriedaholsterandpistolunderhisarm.homage[5hRmidv]n.honor;tributeInherspeechshetriedtopayhomagetoagreatman.homeostasis[,hEumiEu5steisis]n.tendencyofasystemtomaintainrelativestabilityAbreakdownofthebody'simmunesystemseverelyunderminesthebody'sabilitytomaintainhomeostasis.homespun[5hEumspQn]adj.domestic;madeathomehomespunwit,likehomespuncloth,wasoftencoarseandplain.homily[5hamili]n.[homilies]sermon;seriouswarningHisspeecheswerealwayshomilies,advisinghislistenerstorepentandreform.homogeneous[hRmE5dVi:njEs]adj.ofthesamekindManyeducatorstrytoputpupilsofsimilarabilitiesinthesameclassbecausetheybelievethathishomogeneousgroupingisadvisable.hone[hEun]v.[honed;honed;honing]sharpenTomakeshavingeasier,hehonedhisrazorwithgreatcare.hoodwink[5hudwiNk]v.[hoodwinked;hoodwinked;hoodwinking]deceive;deludeHavingbeenhoodwinkedoncebythefast-talkingsalesman,hewasextremelycautiouswhenhewenttopurchaseausedcar.horde[hR：d]n.[hordes]crowdJustbeforeChristmasthestoresarefilledwithhordesofshoppers.hortatory[5hR：tEtEri]adj.encouragingThecrowdlistenedtohishortatorystatementswithever-growingexcitement;finallytheyrushedfromthehalltocarrytohissuggestions.

131horticultural[hR:ti5kQltFErEl]adj.pertainingtocultivationofgardensWhenheboughthishouse,hebegantolookforflowersanddecorativeshrubs,andbegantoreadbooksdealingwithhorticulturalmatters.hovel[5hQvl]n.[hovels]shack;small,wretchedhouseHewonderedhowpoorpeoplecouldstandlivinginsuchahovel.hover[5hRvE]v.[hovered;hovered;hovering]hangabout;waitnearbyThepolicehelicopterhoveredabovetheaccident.hubbub[5hQbQb]n.confuseduproarThemarketplacewasasceneofhubbubandexcitement.hubris[5hju:bris]n.arrogance;excessiveself-conceitFilledwithhubris,Learrefusedtoheedhisfriends*warnings.hue[hju：]n.[hues]color;aspectTheaviarycontainedbirdsofeverypossiblehue.hue[hju：]n.[hues]outcryWhenherpursewassnatched,sheraisedsuchahueandcrythatthethiefwascaptured.humane[hju5mein]adj.kindHishumaneandconsideratetreatmentoftheunfortunateendearedhimtoall.humdrum[5hQmdrQm]adj.dull;monotonousAfteryearsofadventure,hecouldnotsettledowntoahumdrumexistence.humid[5hju:mid]adj.dampShecouldnotstandthehumidclimateandmovedtoadrierarea.humility[hju:5militi]n.humblenessofspiritHespokewithahumilityandlackofpridethatimpressedhislisteners.hummock[5hQmEk]n.smallhillTheascentofthehummockisnotdifficultandtheviewfromthehilltopisamplerewardtortheeffort.humus[5hju:mEs]n.substanceformedbydecayingvegetablematterInordertoimprovehisgarden,hespreadhumusoverhislawnandflowerbeds.hurtle[5hE：tl]v.[hurtled;hurtled;hurtling]crash;rushTherunawaytrainhurtledtowarddisaster.husbandry[5hQzbEndri]n.frugality;thrift;agricultureHeaccumulatedhissmallfortunebydiligenceandhusbandry.hybrid[5haibrid]

132n.[hybrids]mongrel;mixedbreedMendel'sformulaexplainstheappearanceofhybridsandpurespeciesinbreeding.hydrophobia[haidrE5fEubiE]n.fearofwater;rabiesAdogthatbitesahumanbeingmustbeobservedforsymptomsofhydrophobia.hyperbole[hai5pE：bEii]n.[hyperboles]exaggeration;overstatementThissalesmanisguiltyofhyperboleindescribinghisproduct;itiswisetodiscounthisclaims.hypercritical[5haipE5kritikl]adj.excessivelyexactingYouarehypercriticalinyourdemandsforperfection;weallmakemistakes.hypochondriac[,haipEu5kRndriAk]n.personundulyworriedabouthishealth;worrierwithoutcauseaboutillnessThedoctorprescribedchocolatepillsforhispatientwhowasahypochondriac.hypocritical[hipE5kritikl]adj.pretendingtobevirtuous;deceivingIresenthishypocriticalposingasafriendforIknowheisinterestedonlyinhisownadvancement.hypothetical[5haipE5Wetikl]adj.basedonassumptionsorhypothesesWhydowehavetoconsiderhypotheticalcaseswhenwehaveactualcasehistoriesthatwemayexamine?ichthyology[,ikwiSRiEdvi]n.studyoffishJacquesCousteau'sprogramsaboutsealifehaveadvancedthecauseofichthyology.icon[5aikRn]n.religiousimage;idolTheiconsonthewallsofthechurchwerepaintedinthe13thcentury.iconoclastic[airkRnE5klAstik]adj.attackingcherishedtraditionsGeorgeBernardShaw'siconoclasticplaysoftenstartledmoreconventionalpeople.ideology[aidi5RlEdVi]n.[ideologies]ideasofagroupofpeopleThatideologyisdangeroustothiscountrybecauseitembracesundemocraticphilosophies.idiom[5idiEm]n.[idioms]specialusageinlanguageIcouldnotunderstandtheiridiomsbecauseliteraltranslationmadenosense.idiosyncrasy[5idiE5sinkrEsi]n.[idiosyncrasies]peculiarity;eccentricityOneofhispersonalidiosyncrasieswashishabitofrinsingallcutlerygivenhiminarestaurant.idiosyncratic[idiEsiN5krAtik]adj.private;peculiartoanindividualSuchbehaviorisidiosyncratic,itisaseasilyidentifiableasasignature.

133idolatry[ai5dRlEtri]n.[idolatries]worshipofidols;excessiveadmirationSuchidolatryofsingersofcountrymusicistypicaloftheexcessiveenthusiasmofyouth.idyllic[ai5dilik]adj.charminglycarefree;simpleFarfromthecity,sheledanidyllicexistenceinherruralretreat.igneous[5igniEs]adj.producedbyfire;volcanicLava,pumice,andotherigneousrocksarefoundingreatabundancearoundMountVesuviusnearNaples.ignite[ig5nait]v.[ignited;ignited;igniting]kindle;lightWhenDesicrooned,nBaby,lightmyfire,"literal-mindedLucylookedaroundforsomepapertoignite.ignoble[ig5nEubl]adj.oflowlyorigin;unworthyThisplanisinspiredbyignoblemotivesandImust,therefore,opposeit.ignominious[ignE5miniEs]adj.disgracefulThecountrysmartedundertheignominiousdefeatanddreamedofthedaywhenitwouldbevictorious.illicit[i51isit]adj.illegalThedefenseattorneyclaimedthatthepolicehadentrappedhisclient;thatis,theyhadelicitedtheillicitactionofwhichtheynowaccuseofhim.illimitable[i5iimitEbi]adj.infiniteHumanbeings,havingexploredthefarcornersoftheearth,arenowreachingoutintoillimitablespace.illuminate[i51juimineit]v.[illuminated;illuminated;illuminating]brighten;clearupormakeunderstandable;enlightenJustasalampcanilluminateadarkroom,aperceptivecommentcanilluminateaknottyproblem.illusion[i51ju:VEn]n.[illusions]misleadingvisionItiseasytocreateanopticalillusioninwhichlinesofequallengthappeardifferent.illusive[i51ju:siv]adj.deceivingThisisonlyamirage;letusnotbefooledbyitsillusiveeffect.illusory[i51ju:sEri]adj.deceptive;notrealUnfortunately,thecostsofrunningthelemonadestandweresohighthatTom'sprofitsprovedillusory.

134imbalance[im5bAiEns]n.lackofbalanceorsymmetry;disproportionBecauseofthegreatimbalancebetweenthenumberofmenandwomeninvited,thedancewasunsuccessful.imbecility[imbi5siliti]n.[imbecilities]weaknessofmindIamamazedattheimbecilityofthereadersofthesetrashymagazines.imbibe[im5baib]v.[imbibed;imbibed;imbibing]drinkinThedrysoilimbibedtherainquickly.imbroglio[im5brEuliEu]n.[imbroglios]complicatedsituation;perplexity;entanglementHewascalledintosettletheimbrogliobutfailedtobringharmonyintothesituation.imbue[im5bju]v.[imbued;imbued;imbuing]saturate,fillHisvisitstothefamousGothiccathedralsimbuedhimwithfeelingsofaweandreverence.immaculate[i5mAkjuieit]adj.pure;spotlessTheWestPointcadetswereimmaculateastheylinedupforinspection.imminent[5iminEnt]adj.nearathand;impendingRosawassuchalast-minuteworkerthatshecouldneverstartwritingapapertillthedeadlinewasimminent.immobility[imEu5bilEti]n.stateofbeingimmovableModernarmiescannotaffordtheluxuryofimmobility,astheyarevulnerabletoattackwhilestandingstill.immolate[5imEiet]v.[immolated;immolated;immolating]offerasasacrificeThetribalkindofferedtoimmolatehisdaughtertoquiettheangrygods.immure[i5mjuE]v.[immured;immured;immuring]imprison;shutupinconfinementForthetwoweeksbeforetheexamination,thestudentimmuredhimselfinhisroomandconcentrateduponhisstudies.immutable[i5mju：tEbi]adj.unchangeableScientistsareconstantlyseekingtodiscovertheimmutablelawsofnature.impair[im5pZE]v.[impaired;impaired;impairing]worsen;diminishinvalueThisarrestwillimpairherreputationinthecommunity.impale[im5pei]v.[impaled;impaled;impaling]pierceHewasimpaledbythespearhurledbyhisadversary.impalpable[imSpAipEbi]

135adj.imperceptible;intangibleTheashissofinethatitisimpalpabletothetouchbutitcanbeseenasafinelayercoveringthewindowledge.impasse[i5pAs]n.predicamentfromwhichthereisnoescapeInthisimpasse,allturnedtoprayerastheirlasthope.impassive[im5pAsiv]adj.withoutfeeling;notaffectedbypainTheNativeAmericanhasbeenincorrectlydepictedasanimpassiveindividual,undemonstrativeandstoical.impeach[im5pi：tr]v.[impeached;impeached;impeaching]chargewithcrimeinoffice;indictTheangrycongressmanwantedtoimpeachthePresidentforhismisdeeds.impeccable[im5pekEbi]adj.faultlessHewasproudofhisimpeccablemanners.impecunious[impi5kju:niEs]adj.withoutmoneyNowthathewaswealthy,hegladlycontributedtofundstoassistimpecuniousanddisabledpersons.impede[im5pi：d]v.[impeded;impeded;impeding]hinder;blockThespecialprosecutordeterminedthattheAttorneyGeneral,thoughinept,hadnotintentionallysetouttoimpedetheprogressoftheinvestigation.impediment[im5pedimEnt]n.[impediments,impedimenta]hindrance;stumbling-blockShehadaspeechimpedimentthatpreventedherfromspeakingclearly.impending[im5pendiN]n.nearing;approachingTheentirecountrywassaddenedbythenewsofhisimpendingdeath.impenetrable[im5penitrEbi]adj.notabletobepiercedorenteredHowcouldthemurdererhavegottenintothelockedroom?ToWatson,themystery,liketheroom,wasimpenetrable.impenitent[im5penitEnt]adj.notrepentantWecouldseebyhisbrazenattitudethathewasimpenitent.imperial[im5piEriEl]adj.likeanemperor;relatedtoanempireWhenhotelownerLeonaHelmsleyappearedinadsasQueenLeonastandingguardoverthePalaceHotel,hercriticsmockedherimperialfancies.imperiousness0n.lordliness;domineeringmanner;arroganceHisimperiousnessindicatedthathehadlongbeenaccustomedtoassumingcommand.

136impermeable[im5pE：mjEbi]adj.impervious;notpermittingpassagethroughitssubstanceThisnewmaterialisimpermeabletoliquids.impertinent[im5pE：tnEnt]adj.insolentIregardyourremarksasimpertinentandIresentthem.imperturbable[impE5tE：bEbi]adj.calm;placidWellingtonremainedimperturbableandinfullcommandofthesituationinspiteofthehysteriaandpanicallaroundhim.impervious[im5pE:viEs]adj.notpenetrable;notpermittingpassagethroughYoucannotchangetheirhabitsfortheirmindsareimpervioustoreasoning.impetuous[im5petjuEs]adj.violent;hasty;rashWetriedtocurbhisimpetuousbehaviorbecausewefeltthatinhishastehemightoffendsomepeople.impetus[5impitEs]n.movingforce;incentive;stimulusAnewfederalhighwayprogramwouldcreatejobsandfiveaddedimpetustooureconomicrecovery.impiety[im5paiEti]n.[impieties]irreverence;wickednessWemustregardyourblasphemyasanactofimpiety.impinge[im5pindv]v.[impinged;impinged;impinging]infringe;touch;collidewithHowcouldtheybemarriedwithoutimpingingononeanother'sfreedom?impious[5impiEs]adj.irreverentThecongregationwasoffendedbyherimpiousremarks.implacable[im5piAkEbi]adj.incapableofbeingpacifiedMadameDefargewastheimplacableenemyoftheEvremondefamily.implausible[im5piR：zEbi]adj.unlikely;unbelievableThoughheralibiseemedimplausible,itinfactturnedouttobetrue.implement[5impiimEnt]v.putintoeffect;supplywithtoolsThemayorwasunwillingtoimplementtheplanuntilshewassureithadthegovernor'sbacking.implication[impli5keiFEn]n.[implications]thatwhichishintedatorsuggestedIfIunderstandtheimplicationsofyourremark,youdonottrustourcaptain.implicit[im5plisit]adj.understoodbutnotstatedJacknevertoldJillheadoredher;hebelievedhislovewasimplicitinhisdeeds.implore[im5piR：]v.[implored;implored;imploring]begHeimploredhertogivehimasecondchance.imply[im5plai]

137v.[implied;implied;implying]suggestameaningnotexpressedEventhoughyourstatementdoesnotdeclarethatyouareatwarwiththatcountry,youractionsimplythatthatistheactualsituation.impolitic[im5pRlitik]adj.notwiseIthinkitisimpolitictoraisethisissueatthepresenttimebecausethepublicistooangry.imponderable[im5pRndErEbi]adj.weightlessIcanevaluatethedatagatheredinthisstudy;theimponderableitemsarenotsoeasilyanalyzed.import[im5pR:t5impR:t]n.significanceIfeelthatyouhavenotgraspedthefullimportofthemessagesenttousbytheenemy.importunate[im5pR：tFEnit]adj.urging;demandingHetriedtohidefromhisimportunatecreditorsuntilhisallowancearrived.importune[im5pRrtjE：n]v.[importuned;importuned;importuning]begpersistentlyDemocraticandRepublicanphonesolicitorsimportunedherforcontributionssofrequentlythatshedecidedtogivenothingtoeitherparty.imposture[imSpRstFE]n.assumingafalseidentity;masqueradeShewasimprisonedforherimpostureofadoctor.impotent[5impEtEnt]adj.weak;ineffectiveAlthoughhewishedtobreakthenicotinehabit,hefoundhimselfimpotentinresistingthecravingforacigarette.imprecation[impri5keiFEn]n.curseRousedfromthebedatwhatheconsideredanungodlyhour,Roymutteredimprecationsunderhisbreath.impregnable[im5pregnEbi]adj.invulnerableUntilthedevelopmentoftheairplaneasamilitaryweapon,thefortwasconsideredimpregnable.impromptu[im5pramptju:]adj.withoutpreviouspreparationHerlistenerswereamazedthatsuchathoroughpresentationcouldbemadeinanimpromptuspeech.impropriety[imprE5praiEti]n.[improprieties]stateofbeinginappropriateBecauseoftheimproprietyofhiscostume,hewasdeniedentranceintothediningroom.improvident[im5prRvidEnt]adj.thriftless

138Hewasconstantlybeingwarnedtomendhisimprovidentwaysandbeginto“saveforarainyday.”improvise[5imprEvaiz]v.[improvised;improvised;improvising]composeonthespurofthemomentShewouldsitatthepianoandimproviseforhoursonthemesfromBachandHandel.imprudent[im5pru：dnt]adj.lackingcaution;injudiciousItisimprudenttoexercisevigorouslyandbecomeoverheatedwhenyouareunwell.impugn[im5pju:n]v.[impugned;impugned;impugning]doubt;challenge;gainsayIcannotimpugnyourhonestywithoutevidence.impuissance[im5pju：isns]n.powerlessness;feeblenessThelameduckPresidentwasfrustratedbyhisshiftfromenormouspowertorelativeimpuissance.impunity[im5pju:niti]n.freedomfrompunishmentThebullymistreatedeveryoneintheclasswithimpunityforhefeltthatnoonewoulddareretaliate.impute[im5pju：t]v.[imputed;imputed;imputing]attribute;ascribeIfIwishedtoimputeblametotheofficersinchargeofthisprogram,Iwouldstatemyfeelingsdefinitelyandimmediately.inadvertently[]adv.carelessly;unintentionally;byoversightSheinadvertentlyomittedtwoquestionsontheexaminationandmismarkedheranswersheet.inalienable[inSeiijEnEbi]adj.nottobetakenaway;nontransferableTheDeclarationofIndependencementionstheinalienablerightsthatallofuspossess.inane[i5nein]adj.silly;senselessSuchcommentsareinanebecausetheydonothelpussolveourprogram.inanimate[inSAnimit]adj.lifelessshewasaskedtoidentifythestillandinanimatebody.inarticulate[inB：stikjulit]adj.speechless;producingindistinctspeechHebecameinarticulatewithrageandutteredsoundswithoutmeaning.inaugurate[i5nR：gjureit]v.[inaugurated;inaugurated;inaugurating]beginformally;installinofficeThecandidatepromisedthathewouldinaugurateanewnationwidehealthcareplanassoonashewasinauguratedaspresident.incandescent[inkAn5desnt]

139adj.strikinglybright;shiningwithintenseheatIfyouleaveonanincandescentlightbulb,itquicklygrowstoohottotouch.incantation[inkAn5teiFEn]n.singingorchantingofmagicalformulaUtteringincantationstomakethebrewmorepotent,thewitchdoctorstirredtheliquidinthecaldron.incapacitate[inkE5pAsEtet]v.[incapacitated;incapacitated;incapacitating]disableDuringthewinter,manypeoplewereincapacitatedbyrespiratoryailments.incarcerate[in5karsEret]v.[incarcerated;incarcerated;incarcerating]imprisonThewardenwillincarceratethefelonafterconviction.incarnate[in5kB：neit]adj.endowedwithflesh;personifiedYourattitudeissofiendishthatyoumustbeadevilincarnate.incarnation[inks:5neiFEn]n.actofassumingahumanbodyandhumannatureTheincarnationofJesusChristisabasictenetofChristiantheology.incendiary[inSsendjEri]n.[incendiaries]arsonistThefirespreadinsuchanunusualmannerthatthefiredepartmentchiefswerecertainthatithadbeensetbyanincendiary.incense[5insenszin5sens]v.[incensed;incensed;incensing]enrage;infuriateUnkindnesstochildrenincensedher.incentive[inSsentiv]n.[incentives]spur;motiveStudentswhodislikeschoolmustbegivenanincentivetolearn.inception[in5sepFEn]n.start;beginningShewasinvolvedwiththeprojectfromitsinception.incessant[in5sesnt]adj.uninterruptedThecricketskeptupanincessantchirpingthatdisturbedourattemptstofallasleep.inchoate[in5kEueit]adj.recentlybegun;rudimentary;elementaryBeforetheCreation,theworldwasaninchoatemass.incidence[5insidEns]n.rateofoccurrence;particularoccurrenceHealthprofessionalsexpressedgreatconcernoverthehighincidenceofinfantmortalityinmajorurbanareas.

140incidental[insi5dentl]adj.notessential;minorThescholarshipcoveredhismajorexpensesatcollegeandsomeofhisincidentalexpensesaswell.incipient[in5sipiEnt]adj.beginning;inanearlystageIwillgotosleepearlyforIwanttobreakanincipientcold.incisive[in5saisiv]adj.cutting;sharpHisincisiveremarksmadeusseethefallacyinourplans.incite[in5sait]v.[incited;incited;inciting]arousetoactionThedemagogueincitedthemobtotakeactionintoitsownhands.inclement[in5klemEnt]adj.stormy;unkindIliketoreadagoodbookininclementweather.incline[in5klain]n.slope;slantThearchitectrecommendedthatthenursinghome'srampberebuiltbecauseitsinclinewastoosteepforwheelchairs.inclined[in5klaind]adj.tendingorleaningtoward;bentThoughIaminclinedtobeskeptical,thewitness'smannerinclinesmetobelievehisstory.inclusive[in5klu：siv]adj.tendingtoincludeallThecomedianturneddowntheinvitationtojointhePlayer'sClub,sayinganyclubthatwouldlethiminwastooinclusiveforhim.incognito[in5kRgnitEu]adv.withidentityconcealed;usinganassumednameThemonarchenjoyedtravelingthroughthetownincognitoandminglingwiththepopulace.incoherent[inkEu5hirEnt]adj.unintelligible;muddled;illogicalThebereavedfathersobbedandstammered,hiswordsbecomingalmostincoherentinhisgrief.incommodious[inkE5mEudiEs]adj.notspacious;inconvenientIntheirincommodiousquarters,theyhadtoimproviseforclosetspace.incompatible[inkEmSpAtEbl]adj.inharmoniousThemarriedcouplearguedincessantlyandfinallydecidedtoseparatebecausetheywereincompatible.incongruity[inkaN5gruEti]n.[incongruities]lackofharmony;absurdityTheincongruityofhiswearingsneakerswithformalattireamusedtheobservers.inconsequential[inkRnsi5kwenFEl]adj.insignificant;unimportantBrushingoffAll'sapologiesforhavingbrokenthewineglass,Tamarasaid,"Don'tworryaboutit;

141it'sinconsequential."inconsistency[inkEn5sistEnsi]n.[inconsistencies]stateofbeingself-contradictory;lackofuniformityorsteadinessHowarelawyersdifferentfromagriculturalinspectors?Wherelawyerscheckinconsistenciesinwitnesses'statements,agriculturalinspectorscheckinconsistenciesinGradeAeggs.incontinent[in5kRntinEnt]adj.lackingself-restraintHisincontinentbehavioroffstageshockedmanypeopleandtheyrefusedtoattendtheplaysandmoviesinwhichheappeared.incontrovertible[inkRntrE5vE:tEbl]adj.indisputableWemustyieldtotheincontrovertibleevidencethatyouhavepresentedandfreeyourclient.incorporate[in5kR:pEreit]v.[incorporated;incorporated;incorporating]introducesomethingintoalargerwhole;combine;uniteBreakingwithprecedent,PresidentTrumanorderedthemilitarytoincorporateblacksintoeverybranchofthearmedservices.incorporeal[inkR:5pR:riEl]adj.immaterial;withoutamaterialbodyWemustdevotetimetotheneedsofourincorporealmindaswellasourcorporealbody.incorrigible[in5kB：idVEbi]adj.uncorrectableThoughWidowDouglasshopedtoreformHuck,MissWatsonpronouncedhimincorrigibleandsaidhewouldcometonogoodend.incredulity[inkrE5djulEti]n.atendencytodisbeliefYourincredulityinthefaceofalltheevidenceishardtounderstand.incredulous[in5kredjulEs]adj.withholdingbelief;skepticalWhenJackclaimedhehadn*teatenthejellydoughnut,Jilltookanincredulouslookathissmearedfaceandlaughed.increment[5inkrimEnt]n.increaseThenewcontractcallsfora10percentincrementinsalaryforeachemployeeforthenexttwoyears.incriminate[in5krimE5net]n.accuse;serveasevidenceagainstThewitness'stestimonyagainsttheracketeersincriminatessomehighpublicofficialsaswell.incubate[5inkjubeit]v.[incubated;incubated;incubating]hatch;schemeInasmuchasoursupplyofelectricityiscutoff,weshallhavetorelyonthehenstoincubatetheseeggs.incubus[5iNkjubEs]n.[incubi,incubuses]burden;mentalcare;nightmare

142Theincubusoffinancialworryhelpedbringonhernervousbreakdown.incumbent[in5kQmbEnt]n.[incumbents]officeholderThenewlyelectedpublicofficialreceivedvaluableadvicefromthepresentincumbent.incur[in5kE:]v.[incurred;incurred;incurring]bringupononeselfHisparentsrefusedtopayanyfuturedebtshemightincur.incursion[in5kE:FEn]n.temporaryinvasionThenightlyincursionsandhit-and-runraidsofourneighborsacrossthebordertriedthepatienceofthecountrytothepointwherewedecidedtoretaliateinforce.indefatigable[indi5fAtigEbi]adj.tirelessHewasindefatigableinhisconstanteffortstoraisefundsfortheRedCross.indemnify[in5demnifai]v.[indemnified;indemnified;indemnifying]makesecureagainstloss;compensateforlossThecitywillindemnifyallhomeownerswhosepropertyisspoiledbythisproject.indenture[in5dentFE]v.[indentured;indentured;indenturing]bindasservantorapprenticetomasterManyimmigrantscouldcometoAmericaonlyaftertheyhadindenturedthemselvesforseveralyears.indeterminate[indi5tE：minit]adj.uncertain;notclearlyfixed;indefiniteThatinterestratesshallriseappearscertain;whentheywilldoso,however,remainsindeterminate.indicative[in5dikEtiv]adj.suggestive;implyingAlackofappetitemaybeindicativeofamajormentalorphysicaldisorder.indict[in5dait]v.[indicted;indicted;indicting]chargeIfthegrandjuryindictsthesuspect,hewillgototrial.indifferent[in5difrEnt]adj.unmoved;lackingconcernBecauseshefeltnodesiretomarry,shewasindifferenttohisconstantproposals.indigence[5indidVEns]n.povertyNeithertheeconomistsnorthepoliticalscientistshavefoundawaytowipeouttheinequitiesofwealthandeliminateindigencefromoursociety.indigenous[in5didVinEs]adj.nativeTobaccoisoneoftheindigenousplantsthattheearlyexplorersfoundinthiscountry.indignation[indig5neiFEn]

143n.angerataninjusticeHefeltindignationattheill-treatmentofthehelplessanimals.indignity[in5digniti]n.[indignities]offensiveorinsultingtreatmentAlthoughheseemedtoacceptcheerfullytheindignitiesheapeduponhim,hewasinwardlyveryangry.indiscriminate[indis5kriminit]adj.choosingatrandom;confusedShedisapprovedofherson'sindiscriminatetelevisionviewinganddecidedtorestricthimtoeducationalprograms.indisputable[5indis5pju:tEbl]adj.toocertaintobedisputedInthefaceoftheseindisputablestatements,Iwithdrawmycomplaint.indissoluble[indi5sRljubl]adj.permanentTheindissolublebondsofmarriagearealltoooftenbeingdissolved.indite[in5dait]v.[indited;indited;inditing]write;composeCyranoinditedmanylettersforChristian.indolence[5indEiEns]n.lazinessHeoutgrewhisyouthfulindolencetobecomeamodelofindustryandalertnessonthejob.indomitable[inSdRmitEbi]adj.unconquerableThefoundersofourcountryhadindomitablewillpower.indubitably[]adv.beyondadoubtBecauseherargumentwasindubitablyvalid,thejudgeacceptedit.induce[in5dju:s]v.[induced;induced;inducing]persuade;bringaboutAfterthequarrel,TinasaidnothingcouldinducehertotalktoTonyagain.inductive[in5dQktiv]adj.pertainingtoinductionorproceedingfromthespecifictothegeneralThediscoveryoftheplanetPlutoisanexcellentexampleoftheresultsthatcanbeobtainedfrominductivereasoning.indulgent[in5dQldVEnt]adj.humoring;yielding;lenientindulgentparentsspoiltheirchildrenbygivingintotheireverywhim.inebriety[i5ni：briiti]n.habitualintoxicationBecauseofhisinebriety,hewasdischargedfromhispositionasfamilychauffeur.ineffable[inSefEbi]adj.unutterable;cannotbeexpressedinspeechSuchineffablejoymustbeexperienced;itcannotbedescribed.ineffectual[inE5fektFuEl]adj.noteffective;weak

144Becausethecandidatefailedtogetacrosshismessagetothepublic,hiscampaignwasineffectual.ineluctable[iniSiQktEbi]adj.irresistible;nottobeescapedHefeltthathisfatewasineluctableandrefusedtomakeanyattempttoimprovehislot.inept[inSZpt]adj.lackingskill;inadequate;inappropriateineptasacarpenter,Irawasallthumbs.inequity[in5ekwiti]n.[inequities]unfairnessIndemandingequalpayforequalwork,womenprotestthebasicinequityofasystemthatallotsgreaterfinancialrewardstomen.inerrancy[in5erEnsi]n.infallibilityJanerefusedtobelieveinthepope'sinerrancy,reasoning:*'AIIhumanbeingsarecapableoferror.Thepopeisahumanbeing.Therefore,hepopeiscapableoferror.inertia[i5nE：FjE]n.stateofbeinginertorindisposedtomoveOurinertiainthismattermayprovedisastrous;wemustmovetoaidouralliesimmediately.inevitable[inSevitEbi]adj.unavoidableDeathandtaxesarebothinevitable.inexorable[in5eksErEbl]adj.relentless;unyielding;implacableAfterlisteningtothepleasforclemency,thejudgewasinexorableandgavetheconvictedmanthemaximumpunishmentallowedbylaw.infallible[in5fAiEbi]adj.unerringWemustrememberthatnoneofusisinfallible;weallmakemistakes.infamous[5infEmEs]adj.notoriouslybadJesseJameswasaninfamousoutlaw.infantile[5infEntail]adj.childish;infantlikeWhenwillheoutgrowsuchinfantilebehavior?infer[in5fE：]v.[inferred;inferred;inferring]deduce;concludeWemustbeparticularlycautiouswhenweinferthatapersonisguiltyonthebasisofcircumstantialevidence.infernal[in5fE：ni]adj.pertainingtohell;devilishTheycouldthinkofnowaytohinderhisinfernalscheme.infidel[sinfidi]n.[infidels]unbelieverTheSaracensmadewaragainsttheinfidels.

145infiltrate[in5filtreit]v.[infiltrated;infiltrated;infiltrating]passintoorthrough;penetrate(anorganization)sneakilyInordertoinfiltrateenemylinesatnightwithoutbeingseen,thescoutsdarkenedtheirfacesandworeblackcoveralls.infinitesimal[infini5tesiml]adj.verysmallInthetwentiethcentury,physicistshavemadetheirgreatestdiscoveriesaboutthecharacteristicsofinfinitesimalobjectsliketheatomanditsparts.infirmity[in5fE：miti]n.[infirmities]weaknessHergreatestinfirmitywaslackofwillpower.inflated[in5fleitid]adj.exaggerated;pompous;enlarged(withairorgas)Hisclaimsaboutthenewproductwereinflated;itdidnotworkaswellashehadpromised.influx[5infIQks]n.[influxes]flowingintoTheinfluxofrefugeesintothecountryhastaxedthereliefagenciesseverely.infraction[in5frAkFEn]n.violationBecauseofhismanyinfractionsofschoolregulations,hewassuspendedbythedean.infringe[in5frindv]v.[infringed;infringed;infringing]violate;encroachIthinkyourmachineinfringesonmypatentandintendtosue.ingenious[in5dVi:njEs]adj.cleverHecameupwithauseforStyrofoampackingballsthatwassoingeniousthathisbusinessschoolprofessorsdeclareditwasmarketable.