2012插班生一证通（下）

《2012插班生一证通（下）》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。

语法词汇200练ー、VocabularyandStructure1.Itisnotdifficulttotheideathatmachinesmaycommunicateinformationtous.A)admitB)receiveC)acceptD)convince2.Ihavenottheleastofhurtingyourfeelings.A)conceptB)intentionC)mindD)purpose3.Astheshortageofcertainmetalsapproaches,othersmustbefoundtotaketheirA)shareB)placeC)roleD)shape4.Thenewpowerstationisreportedwithinthreeyears.A)tohavecompletedB)tohavebeencompletedC)havingBeencompletedD)tocomplete5.Maryisinbedwithafeverandshecan'thopetothecoldinafewday.A)getoverB)getawayC)getoffD)getout6.Althoughtheweatherwasveryhad,thebusesstillranon.A)listB)planC)scheduleD)arrangement7.Thesituationtodayisobviouslyquitedifferentfromitwasonly50yearsago.A)whatB)whichC)whenD)such8.Soon,Americanshope,therainswillreturnandeasethehardshipU.S.farmers.A)facedB)facesC)facingD)toface9.Eversincethefamilymovedtothesuburbslastyear,theybetterhealth.A)couldhaveenjoyedB)havebeenenjoyingC)hadenjoyedD)areenjoying10.Itismucheasiertotalkaboutsocialchangethanto.A)bringitonB)bringitaboutC)burningitupD)bringitout11.Janewashitontheheadbytherobberandwasknocked.A)mindlessB)unawareC)brainlessD)unconscious12.Helikesdoingsomereadingathometothecinema.A)thantogoB)thangoingC)morethangoingD)ratherthantogo13.neglectingoureducation,myfathersentmybrotherandmetoasummerschool.A)AccusedofB)AccusingofC)ThathewasaccusedofD)Tobeaccusedof14.Iboughtanewhouselastyear,butImyoldhouseyet,soatthemomentIhavetwohouses.A)didnotsellB)donotsell

1A)hadnotsoldB)havenotsold1.Shedidn'tregretpaying200dollarsforthebookcase.Asamatterorafact,shewouldgladlyhavepaidforit.A)asmuchtwiceB)muchastwiceC)astwicemuchD)twiceasmuch2.BythetimeyougettoBeijingtomorrow,IforShanghai.A)amleavingB)shouldhaveleftC)willleaveD)havealreadyleft3.Itwasessentialthatallthenecessarydocumentstothepresident'sofficebeingtheendofthismonth.A)behandedinB)mustbehandedinC)shouldD)hadbeenhandedin4.Thecarisquiteofpetrol.A)economicB)economicalC)savingD)sparing5.Thetrafficwasveryheavy;otherwiseIhere50minutessooner.A)wouldbeB)shouldbeC)hadbeenD)wouldhavebeen6.hisgreatwealth,healwaysremainedamanofsimpletastes.A)ExceptforB)WithregardtoC)DespiteD)Although7.Thesocksweretoosmallanditwasonlybythemthathemanagedtogetthemon.A)spreadingB)extendingC)lengtheningD)stretching8.Languagecanbedefinedasatoolbywhichhumanbeingswithoneanother.A)associateB)connectC)communicateD)correspond9.Asasmallboy,hewasslowlearningtoreadandwrite.A)onB)withC)inD)about10.Tonywasamileofthehotelwhenheranoutofpetrol.A)withinB)insideC)aboutD)off11.Ithasbeenrathercostlytoinstallthemachinery,butitwillprovetobeworththemoney.A)inthelongrunB)inconclusionC)atlonglastD)attheend12.Idon'tknowwhyheinthemiddleofasentence.A)brokeoffB)brokeoutC)brokethroughD)brokeaway13.I'msorryAndydidn'twanttogototheconference.willingtogowewouldhavepaidallhisexpenses.A)BeingB)WasheC)HehadbeenD)Hadhebeen14.Theministerwastheperson.A)whomthestatedinnerwasgiveninhonourB)forwhomthestatedinnerwasgivenhonourC)whosehonourthestatedinnerwasgivenD)inwhosehonourthestatedinnerwas

2given1.Theyoungdriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestitontheway.A)goeswrongB)wouldgowrongC)wentwrongD)shouldgowrong2.JohnhadbeenworkinghardandA)sohisbrotherhadB)sohadhisbrotherC)sowashisbrotherD)sohisbrotherdidVocabularyandStructure3.Heaskedustothemincarryingthroughtheirplan.A)provideB)arouseC)assistD)persist4.Agoodmanyproposalswereraisedbythedelegates,wastobeexpected.A)thatB)whatC)soD)as5.Hewassuchaspeakerthatheheldourattentioneveryminuteofthethree-hourlecture.A)specificB)dynamicC)heroicD)diplomatic6.Arrivinghome,theboytoldhisparentsaboutallthewhichoccurredinhisdormitory.A)occasionsB)mattersC)incidentsD)issues7.Theopeningbetweentherockswasverynarrow,buttheboysmanagedtothrough.A)pressB)squeezeC)stretchD)leap8.Theyaretryingtothewastedischargedbythefactoryforprofit.A)exposeB)exhaustC)exhibitD)exploit9.Themanagerurgedhisstaffnottothesplendidopportunity.A)dropB)missC)escapeD)slide18.IadmireDavidasapoet,Idonotlikehimasaman.A)MuchasB)OnlyifC)IfonlyD)Asmuch39.Becauseofaengagement,Loracouldn'tattendmybirthdaypartylastSaturday.A)pioneerB)prematureC)priorD)past40.Thecontinuousraintheharvestingofthewheatcropbytwoweeks.A)setbackB)setoffC)setoutD)setaside41.NothavingagoodcommandofEnglishcanbeaseriouspreventingyoufromachievingyourgoals.A)obstacleB)faultC)offenseD)distress42.It'sveryofyounottotalkaloudwhilethebabyisasleep.A)concernedB)carefulC)considerableD)considerate43.Manyaplayerwhohadbeenhighlythoughtofhasfromthetennisscene.

3A)disposedB)disappearedC)discouragedD)discarded(41.She'sfainted.Throwsomewateronherfaceandshe'll.A)comeroundB)comealongC)comeonD)comeout42.Alltheirattemptstothechildfromtheburningbuildingwereinvain.A)regainB)recoverC)rescueD)reserve43.Computertechnologywillarevolutioninbusinessadministration.A)bringaroundB)bringaboutC)bringoutD)bringup(44.Theuniversityhaslaunchedaresearchcentertodevelopnewwaysofbacteriawhichhavebecomeresistanttodrugtreatments.A)regulatingB)haltingC)interruptingD)combating45.Thegoalofthebookistohelpbridgethegapbetweenresearchandteaching,particularlythegapbetweenresearchersandteachers.A)jointB)intensiveC)overallD)decisive46.Therapiddevelopmentofcommunicationstechnologyistransformingtheinwhichpeoplecommunicateacrosstimeandspace.A)routeB)transmissionC)visionD)manner47.WhenIgooutintheeveningIusethebikethecarifIcan.A)ratherthanB)regardlessofC)inspiteofD)otherthan48.Thereisnoevidencethatpeoplecancontroltheirdreams,atleastinexperimentalsituationsinalab.A)rigidB)solidC)smoothD)harsh49.Everyculturehasdevelopedforcertainkindsoffoodanddrink,andequallystrongnegativeattitudestowardothers.A)preferencesB)expectationsC)fantasiesD)fashions50.ItisreportedthatUruguayunderstandsandChinaonhumanrightsissues.A)grantsB)changesC)abandonsD)backs51.Onlyafewpeoplehavetothefullfactsoftheincident.A)accessB)resortC)contactD)path52.Histrouserswhenhetriedtojumpoverthefence.A)crackedB)splitC)brokeD)burst53.Sofar,windsandcurrentshavekeptthethickpatchofoilsoutheastoftheAtlanticcoast.A)governingB)blowingC)prevailingD)ruling54.Theauthorwasrequiredtosubmitanofabout

4200wordstogetherwithhisresearchpaper.A)editionB)editorialC)articleD)abstract41.Astheoldempireswerebrokenupandnewstateswereformed,newofficialtonguesbegantoatanincreasingrate.A)bringupB)buildupC)springupD)strikeup42.Manypatientsinsistonhavingwatcheswiththeminhospital,theyhavenoschedulestokeep.A)eventhoughB)forC)asifD)since43.Someplantsareverytolight;theyprefertheshade.A)sensibleB)flexibleC)objectiveD)sensitiveVocabularyandStructure44.Youwouldbearisktoletyourchildgotoschoolbyhimself.A)omittingB)attachingC)affordingD)running45.Heisalwayshere;it'syou'venevermethim.A)uniqueB)strangeC)rareD)peculiar46.Therehasbeenagreatincreaseinretailsales,?A)doesthereB)isn'tthereC)hasn'tthereD)isn'tit47.We'dliketoatableforfivefordinnerthisevening.A)preserveB)retainC)reserveD)sustain48.Althoughateenager,Fredcouldresistwhattodoandwhatnottodo.A)beingtoldB)tellingC)tobetoldD)totell49.TheEuropeanUnioncountrieswereonceworriedthattheywouldnothavesuppliesofpetroleum.A)proficientB)efficientC)potentialD)sufficient50.Infact,PeterwouldratherhaveleftforSanFranciscothaninNewYork.A)tostayB)stayedC)stayingD)havingstayed51.Hesoonreceivedpromotion,forhissuperiorsrealizedthathewasamanofconsiderable.A)abilityB)futureC)possibilityD)opportunity52.Britainahsthehighestofroadtrafficintheworld-over60carsforeverymileofroad.A)popularityB)densityC)intensityD)prosperity53.Howisityourroommate'srequestandyoursareidentical?A)ifB)soC)whatD)that54.Inmyopinion,he'sthemostimaginativeof

5allthecontemporarypoets.A)inallB)atbestC)forallD)byfar41.Hedidn'thavetimetoreadthereportwordforword:hejustit.A)skimmedB)observedC)overlookedD)glanced42.Theleaderoftheexpeditioneveryonetofollowhisexample.A)promotedB)reinforcedC)sparkedD)inspired43.Whatalovelyparty!It'sworthallmylife.A)rememberingB)torememberC)toberememberedD)beingremembered44.Whowouldyouratherwithyou,Georgeorme?A)goingB)togoC)havegoneD)went45.Thegoalofthebookistohelpbridgethegapbetweenresearchandteaching,particularlybetweenresearchersandteachers.A)intensiveB)conciseC)jointD)overall46.Theownerandeditorofthenewspapertheconference.A)wereattendingB)weretoattendC)istoattendD)aretoattend47.Weleftthemeeting,thereobviouslynopointinstaying.A)wereB)beingC)tobeD)having48.Theirproductsarefrequentlyoverpricedandinquality.A)influentialB)inferiorC)superiorD)subordinate49.Theneighborhoodboysliketoplaybasketballonthatlot.A)validB)vacantC)vainD)vague50.Thesepeopleoncehadfameandfortune;nowislefttothemisutterpoverty.A)allthatB)allwhatC)allwhichD)thatall51.Toour,Geoffrey'sillnessprovednottobeasseriousaswehadfeared.A)anxietyB)reliefC)viewD)judgment52.Manypeoplelikewhitecolorasitisaofpurity.A)symbolB)signC)signalD)symptom53.Theresidents,hadbeendamagedbythefire,weregivenhelpbytheRedCross.A)alloftheirhomesB)alltheirhomesC)whoseallhomesD)allofwhosehomes54.ThisresearchhasattractedwidecoverageandhasfeaturedonBBCtelevision'sTomorrow'sWorld.A)messageB)information

6A)mediaB)data41.IwouldneverhaveacourtoflawifIhadn'tbeensodesperate.A)soughtforB)accountedforC)turnedupD)resortedto42.Investigatorsagreedthatpassengersontheairlinerattheverymomentofthecrash.A)shouldhavediedB)mustbedyingC)musthavediedD)oughttodie43.Theenergybythechainreactionistransformedintoheat.A)transferredB)releasedC)deliveredD)conveyed44.theirworkwillgiveusamuchbetterfeelforthewidedifferencesbetweenthetwoschoolsofthought.A)TohavereviewedB)HavingreviewedC)ReviewingD)Beingreviewed45.Duringtheprocess,greatcarehastobetakentoprotectthesilkfromdamage.A)sensitiveB)tenderC)delicateD)sensibleVocabularyandStructure46.BythetimeyougettoNewYork,IforLondon.A)wouldbeleavingB)amleavingC)havealreadyleftD)shallhaveleft47.Thearticlesuggeststhatwhenapersonunderunusualstressheshouldbeespeciallycarefultohaveawell-balanceddiet.A)isB)wereC)beD)was48.Thelawyeradvisedhimtodropthe,sincehestandslittlechancetowin.A)eventB)incidentC)caseD)affair49.Sometimeschildrenhavetroublefactfromfictionandmaybelievethatsuchthingsactuallyexist.A)toseparateB)separatingC)forseparatingD)ofseparating50.Heisquitesurethatit'simpossibleforhimtofulfillthetaskwithintwodays.A)absolutelyB)exclusivelyC)fullyD)roughly51.Therewasabigholeintheroadwhichthetraffic.A)setbackB)stoodbackC)heldupD)keptdown52.Manyadelegatewasinfavorofhisproposalthataspecialcommitteetoinvestigatetheincident.A)weresetupB)wassetupC)besetupD)setup53.IntheChinesehousehold,grandparentsandotherrelativesplayrolesinraisingchildren.A)incapableB)indispensableC)insensibleD)infinite54.Eyecontactisimportantbecausewrongcontactmaycreateacommunication

7A)tragedyB)vacuumC)questionD)barrier41.Therewassuchalonglineattheexhibitionwehadtowaitforabouthalfanhour.A)asB)thatC)soD)hence42.Thereisnototherehousefromthemainroad.A)accessB)avenueC)exposureD)edge43.energyundertheearthmustbereleasedinoneformoranother,forexample,anearthquake.A)AccumulatedB)GatheredC)AssembledD)Collected44.Hewasn'tappointedchairmanofthecommittee,notverypopularwithallitsmembers.A)tobeconsideredB)consideringC)beingconsideredD)havingconsidered45.Thetwentiethcenturyhaswitnessedanenormousworldwidepolitical,economicandcultural.A)traditionB)transportationC)transmissionD)transformation46.Thestuckontheenvelopesays“ByAir”.A)diagramB)labelC)signalD)mark47.MobiletelecommunicationsisexpectedtodoubleinShanghaithisyearasaresultofacontractsignedbetweenthetwocompanies.A)capacityB)potentialC)possessionD)impact48.Readingthelines,IwouldsaythattheGovernmentaremoreworriedthantheywilladmit.A)behindB)betweenC)alongD)among49.Mybrother'splansarevery;hewantstomasterEnglish,FrenchandSpanishbeforeheissixteen.A)arbitraryB)aggressiveC)ambitiousD)abundant50.Thingsmighthavebeenmuchworseifthemotheronherrighttokeepthebaby.A)hasbeeninsistingB)hadinsistedC)wouldinsistD)insisted51.Thestatisticalfiguresinthatreportarenot.Youshouldnotrefertothem.A)accurateB)fixedC)delicateD)rigid52.Contrastmaymakesomethingappearmorebeautifulthanitiswhenalone.A)seenB)isseenC)tobeseenD)havingbeenseen53.ThefootballgamecomestoyoufromNewYork.A)livelyB)aliveC)liveD)living54.Noneofusexpectedthechairmantoattheparty.Wethoughthewasstillinhospital.

8A)turninB)turnoverC)turnupD)turndown41.Themotherdidn'tknowwhoforthebrokenglass.A)blamedB)beblamedC)toblameD)wouldblame42.Hetohiscustomersandhalvedtheprice.A)leakedB)drewC)quotedD)yielded43.Tryonwasextremelyangry,butcool-headedenoughtostormingintotheboss'soffice.A)preventB)prohibitC)turnD)avoid44.Allflightsbecauseoftheterribleweather,theyhadtogotherebytrain.A)havingbeencanceledB)hadbeencanceledC)havingcanceledD)werecanceled45.Theauthorofthereportiswellwiththeproblemsinthehospitalbecausehehasbeenworkingthereformanyyears.A)informedB)acquaintedC)enlightenedD)acknowledged46.TheboyspentasmuchtimewatchingTVashestudying.A)doesB)hadC)wasD)did47.Theships'generatorbrokedown,andthepumpshadtobeoperatedinsteadofmechanically.A)manuallyB)artificiallyC)automaticallyD)syntheticallyVocabularyandStructure48.BythetimehearrivesinBeijing,weherefortowdays.A)havebeenstayingB)havestayedC)shallstayD)willhavestayed49.AccordingtotheAmericanfederalgovernment,residentsofHawaiihavethelongestlife:77.2years.A)scope8)rankC)spanD)scale50.Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,allpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.A)hadlostB)wouldloseC)wouldhavelostD)shouldhavelost51.Asapublicrelationsofficer,heissaidsomeveryinfluentialpeople.A)tohavebeenknowingB)tobeknowingC)tohaveknownD)toknow52.Ourhopesandfellinthesameinstant.A)arousedB)aroseC)raisedD)rose53.Withthedevelopmentinscienceandtechnologymancanmakevariousflowersbeforetheirtime.A)bebloomedB)bloomingC)bloomD)bloomed54.Aseasontickettheholdertomakeasmanyjourneysashewisheswithinthe

9statedperiodoftime.A)grantsB)promisesC)entitlesD)presents41.intheofficehadmadeamistake,andthefirmregrettedcausingthecustomerinconvenience.A)SomeB)AnyoneC)OneD)Someone42.Inrecentyearsmuchmoreemphasishasbeenputdevelopingthestudents)productiveskills.A)overB)ontoC)inD)on43.Onlyaselectednumberoflandladiesintheneighbourhoodhavebeenallowedbytheuniversitytotakein.A)residentsB)inhabitantsC)lodgersD)settlers44.Thefirewasfinallybroughtundercontrol,butnotextensivedamagehadbeencaused.A)afterB)beforeC)sinceD)as45.Purchasingthenewproductionlinewillbeadealforthecompany.A)profitableB)tremendousC)forcefulD)favorite46.Rodisdeterminedtogetaseatfortheconcertitmeansstandinginaqueueallnight.A)providedB)whateverC)evenifD)asif47.Wehadn'tmetfor20years,butIrecognizedherIsawher.A)forthemomentB)themomentwhenC)atthemomentwhenD)themoment48.ThoughhewasbornandbroughtupinAmerica,hecanspeakChinese.A)smoothB)fluentC)fluidD)flowing49.Governmentreports,examinationcompositions,legaldocumentsandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituationsformallanguageisused.A)inwhichB)onwhichC)inthatD)atwhat50.Fiftyyearsago,wealthypeoplelikedhuntingwildanimalsforfunsightseeing.A)thantogoB)ratherthantogoC)morethangoingD)otherthangoing51.Ifthebuildingprojectbytheendofthismonthisdelayed,theconstructioncompanywillbefined.A)tobecompletedB)iscompletedC)beingcompletedD)complete52.HewroteanarticlecriticizingtheGreekpoetandwonandascholarship.A)statusB)fameC)faithD)courage53.Jackwishesthathebusinessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity.A)hadstudiedB)studyC)studied

10A)hadbeenstudying41.TheolderNewEnglandvillageshavechangedrelativelylittleagasstationortwoinrecentdecades.A)exceptB)besidesC)inadditiontoD)exceptfor142.TheCarClubcouldn'ttomeetthedemandsofallitsmembers.A)ensureB)guaranteeC)assumeD)confirm143.Extensivereportingontelevisionhashelpedtointerestinawidevarietyofsportsandactivities.A)gatherB)generateC)assembleD)yield144.Thepresidentpromisedtokeepalltheboardmembersofhowthenegotiationsweregoingon.A)informedB)informC)beinformedD)informing145.Eatingtoomuchfatcanheartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.A)contributetoB)attributetoC)attendtoD)devoteto146.Allthetasksaheadoftime,theydecidedtogoonholidayforaweek.A)hadbeenfulfilledB)werefulfilledC)havingbeenfulfilledD)beenfulfilled147.Thisarticlemoreattentiontotheproblemofculturalinterferenceinforeignlanguageteachingandlearning.A)callsforB)appliesforC)caresforD)allowsfor148.Hewaspunishedheshouldmakethesamemistakeagain.A)unlessB)lestC)ifD)provided149.Petrolisrefinedfromtheoilwetakeoutoftheground.A)freshB)originalC)rudeD)crude1.0.intheUnitedStates,St.Louishasnowbecomethe24thlargestcity.A)ThefourthbiggestcityitwasB)OncethefourthbiggestcityC)BeingthefourthbiggestcityD)ItwasoncethefourthbiggestcityVocabularyandStructure151.Itisimportantthatthehotelreceptionistthatguestsareregisteredcorrectly.A)hasmadesureB)madesureC)mustmakesureD)makesure152.Isuggestedheshouldhimselftohisnewconditions.A)adaptB)adoptC)regulateD)suit153.rilneverforgetyouforthefirsttime.A)tomeetB)meetingC)tohavemetD)havingtobemeeting154.Cancellationoftheflightmanypassengerstospendthenightattheairport.A)resultedB)obligedC)demanded

11A)recommended155.Thatyoungmanstilldeniesthefirebehindthestore.A)startB)tostartC)havingstartedD)tohavestarted1.6.inarecentsciencecompetition,thethreestudentswereawardedscholarshipstotaling$21,000.A)JudgedthebestB)JudgingthebestC)TobejudgedthebestD)Havingjudgedthebest157.Withoutproperlessons,youcouldalotofbadhabitswhenplayingthepiano.A)keepupB)pickupC)drawupD)catchup158.Everythingweeatanddrinkcontainssomesalt;wecanmeetthebody'sneedforitfromnaturalsourceswithoutturningthesaltbottle.A)upB)toC)onD)over159.Healwaysdidwellatschoolhavingtodopart-timejobseverynowandthen.A)inspiteofB)regardlessofC)onaccountofD)tocaseof160.receivingfinancialsupportfromfamily,communityorthegovernmentisallowed,itisneveradmired.A)AsB)OnceC)AlthoughD)Lest161.Allthekeywordsinthearticleareprintedintypesoastoattractreaders'attention.A)darkB)denseC)blackD)bold162.Thebasicfeaturesofthecommunicationprocessareidentifiedinonequestion:Whosaysthroughwhatchanneltowhom?A)howB)whenC)whatD)such163.1didn'ttotakeataxibutIhadtoasIwaslate.A)assumeB)supposeC)meanD)hope164.Thehoursthechildrenspendintheirone-wayrelationshipwithtelevisionpeopleundoubtedlyaffecttheirrelationshipswithreal-lifepeople.A)inwhichB)onwhichC)whenD)that165.I'dratherhavearoomofmyown,howeversmallitis,thanaroomwithsomeoneelse.A)shareB)toshareC)sharingD)tohaveshared166.InDisneylandeveryyear,some800,000plantsarereplacedbecauseDisneyrefusedtosignsaskinghis“guests“nottosteponthem.A)putdownB)putoutC)putupD)putoff167.difficultieswemaycomeacross,we'llhelponeanothertoovercomethem.A)WhereverB)WhateverC)HoweverD)Whenever168.Somanydirectors,theboardmeetinghadtobeputoff.

12A)wereabsentB)beenabsentC)hadbeenabsentD)beingabsent164.OnNewYear'sEve,NewYorkCityholdsanoutdoorwhichattractsacrowdofamillionormorepeople.A)incidentB)eventC)caseD)affair165.AmericanfootballandbaseballarebecomingknowntotheBritishpublicthroughtelevisedfromtheUnitedStates.A)transferB)deliveriesC)transportationD)transmissions166.Hewillsurelyfinishedthejobontimehe'slefttodoitinhisownway.A)inthatB)solongasC)incaseD)asfaras167.Ifthiskindoffishbecomes,futuregenerationsmaynevertasteitatall.A)minimumB)shortC)seldomD)scarce168.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaperinbroaddaylightyesterday.A)beingrobbedB)havingbeenrobbedC)tohavebeenrobbedD)robbed169.Agriculturewasastepinhumanprogresswhichsubsequentlytherewasnotanythingcomparableuntilourownmachineage.A)inB)forC)toD)from170.Thesamefactorspushwagesandpricesuptogether,theonetheother.A)emphasizingB)reinforcingC)multiplyingD)increasing171.NoonehadtoldSmithaboutalecturethefollowingday.A)therebeingB)therebeC)therewouldbeD)therewa172.Operationswhichleftpatientsandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.A)exhaustedB)abandonedC)injuredD)deserted173.IwashalfwaybacktothecottagewheremymotherlivedSusancaughtupwithme.A)whenB)whileC)untilD)though174.thetemperaturefallingsorapidly,wecouldn'tgoonwiththeexperiment.A)SinceB)ForC)AsD)With175.Thebedhasbeeninthefamily.Itwasmygreat-grandmother'soriginally.A)handedoutB)handedoverC)handeddownD)handedroundPartIIVocabularyandStructure176.Aswecannolongerwaitforthedeliveryofourorder,wehavetoit.A)postponeB)refuseC)delayD)cancel

13164.Thesebooks,whichyoucangetatanybookshop,willgiveyouyouneed.A)alltheinformationB)alltheinformationC)allofinformationD)alloftheinformation183.NotuntilthegamehadbegunatthesportsgroundtA)hadhearrivedB)wouldhehavearrivedC)didhearriveD)shouldhehavearrived184.Youngpeoplearenottostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.A)conservativeB)contentC)confidentD)generous185.MostbroadcastersmaintainthatTVhasbeenunfairlycriticizedandarguethatthepowerofthemediumis.A)grantedB)impliedC)exaggeratedD)remedied186.Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgobythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.A)unrecordedB)tobeunrecordedC)unrecordingD)tohavebeenunrecorded187.Ihavenoobjectionyourstoryagain.A)tohearB)tohearingC)tohavingheardD)tohaveheard188.Theclothesapersonwearsmayexpresshisorsocialposition.A)curiosityB)statusC)determinationD)significance189.Bylaw,whenonemakesalargepurchase,heshouldhaveopportunitytochangehismind.A)accurateB)urgentC)excessiveD)adequate190.Youwillseethisproductwhereveryougo.A)tobeadvertisedB)advertisedC)advertiseD)advertising191.Theearlypioneershadtomanyhardshipstosettleonthenewland.A)goalongwithB)gobackonC)gothroughD)gointo192.Thesuggestionthatthemajortheprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.A)wouldpresentB)presentC)presentsD)oughttopresent193.Beeristhemostpopulardrinkamongmaledrinkers,overallconsumptionissignificantlyhigherthanthatofwomen.A)whoseB)whichC)thatD)what194.Peter,whohadbeendrivingallday,suggestedatthenexttown.A)tostopB)stoppingC)stopD)havingstopped195.Ididn'tknowtheword.Ihadtoadictionary.A)lookoutB)makeoutC)refertoD)goover196.Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgroundshisargumentsinfavourofthenewtheory.

14A)tobebasedonB)tobaseonC)whichtobaseonD)onwhichtobase184.Therearesignsrestaurantsarebecomingmorepopularwithfamilies.A)thatB)whichC)inwhichD)whose185.IthinkIwasatschool,IwasstayingwithafriendsduringthevacationwhenIheardthenews.A)orelseB)andthenC)orsoD)evenso186.Itissaidthatthemathteacherseemstowardsbrightstudents.A)partialB)beneficialC)preferableD)liable187.Inordertoshowhisbosswhatacarefulworkerhewas,hetooktroubleoverthefigures.A)extensiveB)spareC)extraD)supreme188.一“MayIspeaktoyourmanagerMr.Williamsatfiveo'clocktonight?”一’Tmsorry.Mr.Williamstoaconferencelongbeforethen."A)willhavegoneB)hadgoneC)wouldhavegoneD)hasgone189.Youhimsoclosely;youshouldhavekeptyourdistance.A)shouldn'tfollowB)mustn'tfollowC)couldn't'havebeenfollowingD)shouldn'thavebeenfollowing190.Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.A)haveallowedB)allowC)allowingD)allows191.Everybodyinthehallwheretheywerewelcomedbythesecretary.A)assembledB)accumulatedC)piledD)joined192.Puttinginanewwindowwillcuttingawaypartoftheroof.A)includeB)involveC)containD)comprise193.Livinginthewesternpartofthecountryhasitsproblems,obtainingfreshwaterisnottheleast.A)withwhichB)forwhichC)ofwhichD)which194.Intheoftheprojectnotbeingasuccess,theinvestorsstandtoloseupto$30million.A)faceB)timeC)eventD)course195.Themanagerwouldratherhisdaughterinthesameoffice.A)hadnotworkedB)nottoworkC)doesnotworkD)didnotwork1.9.,hedoesgetannoyedwithhersometimes.A)AlthoughmuchhelikesherB)MuchalthoughhelikesherC)AshelikeshermuchD)Muchashelikesher210.TheBritishconstitutionisalargeextentaproductofthehistoricaleventsdescribedabove.

15A)withinB)toC)byD)atVocabularyandStructure210.Sheoughttostopwork;shehasaheadachebecauseshetoolong.A)hasbeenreadingB)hadreadC)isreadingD)read211.NiagaraFallsisagreattourist,drawingmillionsofvisitorseveryyear.A)attentionB)attractionC)appointmentD)arrangement212.Idon'tmindthedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.A)youtodelaymakingB)yourdelayingmakingC)yourdelayingtomakeD)youdelaytomake213.Thehopes,goals,fearsanddesireswidelybetweenmenandwomen,betweentherichandthepoor.A)alterB)shiftC)transferD)vary214.ComoriginatedintheNewWorldandthuswasnotknowninEuropeuntilColumbusfounditinCuba.A)beingcultivatedB)beencultivatedC)havingcultivatedD)cultivating215.Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudienceonbenches,chairsorboxes.A)havingseatedB)seatingC)seatedD)havingbeenseated216.Thiskindofglassesmanufacturedbyexperiencedcraftsmencomfortably.A)iswornB)wearsC)wearingD)areworn217.Somediseasesarebycertainwateranimals.A)transplantedB)transformedC)transportedD)transmitted218.Wouldn'tyouratheryourchildtobedearly?A)goB)wentC)wouldgoD)goes219.AlthoughAnneishappywithhersuccessshewonderswillhappentoherprivatelife.A)thatB)whatC)itD)this220.Thewordsofhisoldteacherleftaimpressiononhismind.Heisstillinfluencedbythem.A)stayingnotB)nottostayC)thathewouldnotstayD)thathenotstay221.Mike'suncleinsistsinthishotel.A)whateverB)whomeverC)whicheverD)whoever222.Weagreedtoaccepttheythoughtwasthebesttouristguide.A)whateverB)whomeverC)whicheverD)whoever223.Itisourpolicythatwewillachieveunitythroughpeacefulmeans.A)consistentB)continuous

16A)considerateB)continual210.Between1974and1997,thenumberofoverseasvisitorsexpanded27%.A)byB)forC)toD)in211.Althoughmanypeopleviewconflictasbad,conflictissometimesusefulitforcespeopletotesttherelativemeritsoftheirattitudesandbehaviors.A)bywhichB)towhichC)inthatD)sothat212.HeisabouthischancesofwinningagoldmedalintheOlympicsnextyear.A)optimisticB)optionalC)outstandingD)obvious213.SometimesIwishIinadifferenttimeandadifferentplace.A)belivingB)werelivingC)wouldliveD)wouldhavelived214.Thedirectorwascriticalthewayweweredoingthework.A)atB)inC)ofD)with215.Inasuddenofanger,themantoreupeverythingwithinreach.A)attackB)burstC)splitD)blast131.sherealizeditwastoolatetogohome.A)NosooneritgrewdarkthanB)HardlydiditgrowdarkthatC)ScarcelyhaditgrowndarkthanD)Itwasnotuntildarkthat232.InBritainpeoplefourmilliontonsofpotatoeseveryyear.A)swallowB)disposeC)consumeD)exhaustfarmersandbusinesspeopleinthecommunity,andthenmakeadecisionaboutwhetherornottoapprovealoan.A)takeintoaccountB)accountforC)makeupforD)makeout234.Itisessentialthattheseapplicationformsbackasearlyaspossible.A)mustbesentB)willbesentC)aresentD)besent235.Shecookedthemeatforalongtimesoastomakeitenoughtoeat.A)mildB)slightC)lightD)tender236.Wetakeourskinforgranteduntilitisburnedrepair.A)beyondB)forC)withoutD)under237.ThecomputerrevolutionmaywellchangesocietyasasdidtheIndustrialRevolution.233.I'dhisreputationwithotherA)certainlyB)insignificantlyC)fundamentallyD)comparatively

171.8.inthisway,thesituationdoesn'tseemsodisappointing.A)TolookatB)LookingatC)LookedatD)Tobelookedat239.Alotofantsarealwaysinvadingmykitchen.Theyareathorough.A)nuisanceB)troubleC)worryD)anxiety240.Somewomenagoodsalaryinajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.A)mustmakeB)shouldhavemadeC)wouldmakeD)couldhavemade

18二、TOEFL词汇题精选440词001.Mostoftheseleaderswereinvolvedinpubliclifeasreformers,activistsworkingforwomen'srighttovote,orauthors,andwerenotrepresentativeatallofthegreatofordinarywomen.Theword"representative"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)typical(B)satisfied(C)supportive(D)distinctive002.IntheUnitedStates,LouisComfortTiffany(1843-1933)wasthemostnotedexponentofthisstyle,producingagreatvarietyofglassformsandsurfaces,whichwerewidelycopiedintheirtimeandarehighlyprizedtoday.Theword"prized"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)valued(B)universal(C)uncommon(D)preserved003.TheArtNouveaustylewasamajorforceinthedecorativeartsfrom1895until1915,althoughitsinfluencecontinuedthroughoutthemid-1920's.ItwaseventuallytobeovertakenbyanewschoolofthoughtknownasFunctionalismthathadbeenpresentsincetheturnofthecentury.Theword"overtaken"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)surpassed(B)inclined(C)expressed(D)applied004.Duringmostoftheirlives,surgeglaciersbehavelikenormalglaciers,travelingperhapsonlyacoupleofinchesperday.However,atintervalsof10to100years,theseglaciersmoveforwardupto100timesfasterthanusual.Theword"intervals"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)records(B)speeds(C)distances(D)periods005.Theincreasingwaterpressureundertheglaciermightliftitoffitsbed,overcomingthefrictionbetweeniceandrock,thusfreeingtheglacier,whichrapidlyslidersdownhillsurgeglaciersalsomightbeinfluencedbytheclimate,volcanicheat,orearthquakes.Theword"freeing"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)pushing(B)releasing(C)strengthening(D)draining006.AfloodoficewouldthensurgeintotheSouthernSea.Withthecontinuedriseinsealevel,moreicewouldplungeintotheocean,causingsealevelstoriseevenhigher,whichinturnwouldreleasemoreiceandsetinmotionaviciouscycle.Theword"plunge"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)drop(B)extend(C)melt(D)drift007.GroupmemberslooktoinstrumentalleaderstoMgetthingsdone."Expressiveleadership,ontheotherhand,isleadershipthatemphasizesthecollectivewell-beingofasocialgroup*smembers.Theword"collective"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)necessary(B)typical(C)group(D)particular008.Theyoffersympathywhensomeoneexperiencesdifficultiesorissubjectedtodiscipline,arequicktolightenaseriousmomentwithhumor,andtrytoresolveissuesthatthreatentodividethegroup.Thewordnresolve"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)avoidrepeating(B)talkabout(C)avoidthinkingabout(D)findasolutionfor009.Thousandsoftonswereextractedbefore1875,whenitwasfirstnoticedthatthetarcontainedfossilremains.Majorexcavationswereundertakenthatestablishedthesignificanceofthisremarkablesite.Theword"noticed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)predicted(B)announced(C)corrected(D)observed010.Sincethen,over100tonsoffossils,1.5millionfromvertebrates,2.5millionfrominvertebrates,havebeenrecovered,oftenindenselyconcentratedtangledmasses.Theword"tangled"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)buriedbeneath(B)twistedtogether(C)quicklyformed(D)easilydated

19011.TheasphaltatLaBreaseepstothesurface,especiallyinthesummer,andformsshallowpuddlesthatwouldoftenhavebeenconcealedbyleavesanddust.Theword"concealed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)highlighted(B)covered(C)transformed(D)contaminated012.Theoceanbottom—-aregionnearly2.5timesgreaterthanthetotallandareaoftheEarth•一isavastfrontierthateventodayislargelyunexploredanduncharted,untilaboutacenturyago,thedeep-oceanfloorwascompletelyinaccessible,hiddenbeneathwatersaveragingover3,600metersdeep.Theword"inaccessible"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)unrecognizable(B)unreachable(C)unusable(D)unsafe013.TheDSDP'sdrillship,theGlomarChallenger,wasabletomaintainasteadypositionontheocean'ssurfaceanddrillinverydeepwaters,extractingsamplesofsedimentsandrockfromtheoceanfloor.Theword"extracting"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)breaking(B)locating(C)removing(D)analyzing014.Today,largelyonthestrengthofevidencegatheredduringtheGlomarChallenger'svoyages,nearlyallearthscientistsagreeonthetheoriesofplatetectonicsandcontinentaldriftthatexplainmanyofthegeologicalprocessesthatshapetheEarth.Theword"strength"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)basis(B)purpose(C)discovery(D)endurance015.ForeverythreeCanadiansin1945,therewereoverfivein1966.InSeptember1966Canada'spopulationpassedthe20millionmark.Mostofthissurginggrowthcamefromnaturalincrease.Theword"surging"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)new(B)extra(C)accelerating(D)surprising016.Whentheprairieswerebeingsettled,undoubtedly,thegoodeconomicconditionsofthe1950'ssupportedagrowthinthepopulation,buttheexpansionalsoderivedfromatrendtowardearliermarriagesandanincreaseintheaveragesizeoffamilies.Theword"trend"isclosestinmeaningtowhichcffollowing?(A)tendency(B)aim(C)growth(D)directive017.Afterthepeakyearof1957,thebirthrateinCanadabegantodecline.Itcontinuedfallinguntilin1966,itstoodatthelowestlevelin25years.Theword"peak"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)pointed(B)dismal(C)mountain(D)maximum018.AlthoughthegrowthinCanada'spopulationhadsloweddownby1966(theincreasethefirsthalfofthe1960*swasonlyninepercent),anotherlargepopulationwavewascomingoverthehorizon.Itwouldbecomposedofthechildrenwhowerebornduringtheperiodofthehighbirthratepriorto1957.Thephrase"priorto"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)behind(B)since(C)during(D)preceding019.Advocatesoforganicfoods・・・atermwhosemeaningvariesgreatly・・・frequentlyproclaimthatsuchproductsaresaferandmorenutritiousthanothers.Theword"Advocates"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)Proponents(B)Merchants(C)Inspectors(D)Consumers020.Therearenumerousunsubstantiatedreportsthatnaturalvitaminsaresuperiortosyntheticones,thatfertilizedeggsarenutritionallysuperiortounfertilizedeggs,thatuntreatedgrainsarebetterthanfumigatedgrains,andthelike.Theword,,unsubstantiated>,isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)unbelievable(B)uncontested(C)unpopular(D)unverified021.Butinmanycasesconsumersaremislediftheybelieveorganicfoodscanmaintainhealthandprovidebetternutritionalqualitythanconventionallygrownfoods.Sothereisrealcause

20forconcernifconsumers,particularlythosewithlimitedincomes,distrusttheregularfoodsupplyandbuyonlyexpensiveorganicfoodsinstead.Theword"maintain“isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)improve(B)monitor(C)preserve(D)restore022.Inaddition,therewereperformersandsinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.Theword"considerable"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)thoughtful(B)substantial(C)relational(D)ceremonial023.Inaddition,therewereperformersandsinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.Theword"enactment"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)establishment(B)performance(C)authorization(D)season024.StaggeringtasksconfrontedthepeopleoftheUnitedStates,NorthandSouth,whentheCivilWarended.Aboutamillionandahalfsoldiersfrombothsideshadtobedemobilized,readjustedtocivilianlife,andreabsorbedbythedevastatedeconomy.Theword"Staggering"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)specialized(B)confusing(C)various(D)overwhelming025.Aboutamillionandahalfsoldiersfrombothsideshadtobedemobilized,readjustedtocivilianlife,andreabsorbedbythedevastatedeconomy.Theword"devastated"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)developing(B)ruined(C)complicated(D)fragile026.Somebotanistshypothesizedthatthelivingcellsofplantsactedaspumps.Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplantsinwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.Theword"demonstrated"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)ignored(B)showed(C)disguised(D)distinguished027.Aswaterislostfromthesurfaceoftheleaves,anegativepressure,ortension,iscreated.Theevaporatedwaterisreplacedbywatermovingfrominsidetheplantinunbrokencolumnsthatextendfromthetopofaplanttoitsroots.Thesameforcesthatcreatesurfacetensioninanysampleofwaterareresponsibleforthemaintenanceoftheseunbrokencolumnsofwater.Theword"extend"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)stretch(B)branch(C)increase(D)rotate028.Byopeningvastareasofunoccupiedlandforresidentialexpansion,theomnibuses,horserailways,commutertrains,andelectrictrolleyspulledsettledregionsoutwardtwotofourtimesmoredistantfromcitycentersthantheywereinthepremodemera.Theword"vast"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)large(B)basic(C)new(D)urban029.Thenewaccessibilityoflandaroundtheperipheryofalmosteverymajorcitysparkedanexplosionofrealestatedevelopmentandfueledwhatwenowknowasurbansprawl.Between1890and1920,forexample,some250,000newresidentiallotswererecordedwithinthebordersofChicago,mostofthemlocatedinoutlyingareas.Theword"sparked"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)broughtabout(B)surrounded(C)sentout(D)followed030.Anxioustotakeadvantageofthepossibilitiesofcommuting,realestatedevelopersadded800,000potentialbuildingsitestotheChicagoregioninjustthirtyyears-lotsthatcouldhavehousedfivetosixmillionpeople.Theword"potential"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)certain(B)popular(C)improved(D)possible031.Thequalityofpreservationisoutstanding,butwhatisevenmoreimpressiveisthenumberofichthyosaurfossilscontainingpreservedembryos.Theword"outstanding"isclosestinmeaningto

21whichoffollowing?(A)extensive(B)surprising(C)vertical(D)excellent032.Ichthyosaurswithembryoshavebeenreportedfrom6differentlevelsoftheshaleinasmallareaaroundHolzamden,suggestingthataspecificsitewasusedbylargenumbersofichthyosaursrepeatedlyovertime.Theword"site"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)example(B)location(C)development(D)characteristic033.Thequalityofpreservationisalmostunmatched,andquarryoperationshavebeencarriedoutcarefullywithanawarenessofthevalueofthefossils.Butthesefactorsdonotaccountfortheinterestingquestionofhowtherecametobesuchaconcentrationofpregnantichthyosaursinaparticularplaceveryclosetotheirtimeofgivingbirth.Thephrase"accountfor"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)record(B)describe(C)equal(D)explain034.Intheseventeenthcenturytheorgan,theclavichord,andtheharpsichordbecamethechiefinstrumentsofthekeyboardgroup,asupremacytheymaintaineduntilthepianosupplantedthemattheendoftheeighteenthcentury.Thewords"asupremacy"inline9areclosestinmeaningto(A)asuggestion(B)animprovement(C)adominance(D)adevelopment035.Aseriesofmechanicalimprovementscontinuingwellintothenineteenthcentury,includingtheintroductionofpedalstosustaintoneortosoftenit,theperfectionofametalframe,andsteelwireofthefinestquality,finallyproducedaninstrumentcapableofmyriadtonaleffectsfromthemostdelicateharmoniestoanalmostorchestralfullnessofsound,fromaliquid,singingtonetoaship,percussivebrilliance.Theword"myriad"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)noticeable(B)many(C)loud(D)unusual036.Eachonewasvirtuallyastonetown,whichiswhytheSpanishwouldlatercallthempueblos,theSpanishwordfortowns.ThesepueblosrepresentoneoftheAnasazis*supremeachievements.AtleastadozenlargestonehousestookshapebelowthebluffsofChiacoCanyoninnorthwestNewMexico.Theword"supreme"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)mostcommon(B)mostoutstanding(C)mostexpensive(D)mostconvenient037.Theyfunctionedassanctuarieswheretheeldersmettoplanfestivals,performritualdances,settlepuebloaffairs,andimparttriballoretotheyoungergeneration.Theword"settle"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)sink(B)decide(C)clarify(D)locate038.Then,toconnectthepueblosandtogiveaccesstothesurroundingtableland,thearchitectslaidoutasystemofpublicroadswithstonestaircasesforascendingclifffaces.Thewordnascending"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)arrivingat(B)carving(C)connecting(D)climbing039.Withinaveryshorttime,however,theincongruityofplayinglivelymusictoasolemnfilmbecameapparent,andfilmpianistsbegantotakesomecareinmatchingtheirpiecestothemoodofthefilm.Theword"solemnuisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)simple(B)serious(C)short(D)silent040.Certainfilmshadmusicespeciallycomposedforthem.ThemostfamousoftheseearlyspecialscoreswasthatcomposedandarrangedforD.W.Griffith'sfilmBirthofaNation,whichwasreleasedin1915.Theword"composed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)selected(B)combined(C)played(D)createdTheword"scores"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)totals

22(A)successes(B)musicalcompositions(C)groupsofmusicians041.TheEarthcomprisesthreeprincipallayers:thedense,iron-richcore,themantlemadeofsilicaterocksthataresemimoltenatdepth,andthethin,solid-surfacecrust.Theword"comprises"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)adaptsto(B)benefitsfrom(C)consistsof(D)focuseson042.TheseplatesmoveoverthesemimoltenlowermantletoproduceallofthemajortopographicalfeaturesoftheEarth.Activezoneswhereintensedeformationoccursareconfinedtothenarrow,interconnectingboundariesofcontactoftheplates.Theword"intense"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)surface(B)sudden(C)rare(D)extreme043.NewoceaniccrustisformedalongoneormoremarginsofeachplatebymaterialissuingfromdeeperlayersoftheEarth'scrust,forexample,byvolcaniceruptionsoflavaatmidoceanridges.Theword"margins"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)edges(B)peaks(C)interiors(D)distances044.Ifatsuchaspreadingcontactthetwoplatessupportcontinents,ariftisformedthatwillgraduallywidenandbecomefloodedbythesea.TheAtlanticOceanformedlikethisastheAmericanandAfro-Europeanplatesmoveinoppositedirections.Theword"support"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)separate(B)create(C)reduce(D)hold045.Coincidentwithconcernsabouttheacceleratinglossofspeciesandhabitatshasbeenagrowingappreciationoftheimportanceofbiologicaldiversity,thenumberofspeciesinaparticularecosystem,tothehealthoftheEarthandhumanwell-being.Theword"appreciation"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)ignorance(B)recognition(C)tolerance(D)forgiveness046.AnalienexploringEarthwouldprobablygiveprioritytotheplanet'sdominant,most-distinctivefeature-theocean.Humanshaveabiastowardlandthatsometimesgetsinthewayoftrulyexaminingglobalissues.Theword"bias"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)concern(B)disadvantage(C)attitude(D)prejudice047.TheprevailingwindsintheGreatBasinarefromthewest.Warm,moistairfromthePacificOceanisforcedupwardasitcrossestheSierraNevada.Theword"prevailing11isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)mostfrequent(B)occasional(C)gentle(D)mostdangerous048.Thereseemtohavebeenseveralperiodswithinthelasttensofthousandsofyearswhenwateraccumulatedinthesebasins.TheriseandfallofthelakeswereundoubtedlylinkedtotheadvancesandretreatsofthegreaticesheetsthatcoveredmuchofthenorthernpartoftheNorthAmericancontinentduringthosetimes.Theword"accumulated"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)dried(B)flooded(C)collected(D)evaporated049.Alllivingcreature,especiallyhumanbeings,havetheirpeculiarities,buteverythingaboutthelittleseacucumberseemsunusual.Whatelsecanbesaidaboutabizarreanimalthat,amongothereccentricities,eatsmud,feedsalmostcontinuouslydayandnightbutcanlivewithouteatingforlongperiods,andcanbepoisonousbutisconsideredsupremelyediblebygourmets?Thephrase"bizarre"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffallowing?(A)odd(B)marine(C)simple(D)rare05().Itsmajorenemiesarefishandcrabs,whenattacked,itsquirtsallitsinternalorgansintothewater.Italsocastsoffattachedstructuressuchastentacles.Theseacucumberwilleviscerateandregenerateitselfifitisattackedoreventouched;itwilldothesameifthesurroundingwater

23temperatureistoohighorifthewaterbecomestoopolluted.Thephrase"castsojf"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)growsagain(B)grabs(C)getsridof(D)usesasaweapon051.Afolkcultureissmall,isolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-sufficientgroupthatishomogeneousincustomandrace,withastrongfamilyorclanstructureandhighlydevelopedrituals.Theword"homogeneous"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)uniform(B)general(C)primitive(D)traditional052.UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandCanada.PerhapsthenearestmodernequivalentinAnglo-AmericaistheAmish,aGermanAmericanfarmingsectthatlargelyrenouncestheproductsandlaborsavingdevicesoftheindustrialage.Thephrase"largelyrenounces"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)generallyrejects(B)greatlymodifies(C)loudlydeclares(D)oftencriticizes053.Secularinstitutions,ofcontrolsuchasthepoliceandarmytaketheplaceofreligionandfamilyinmaintainingorder,andamoney-basedeconomyprevails.Becauseofthesecontrasts,"popular"maybeviewedasclearlydifferentfrom"folk".Theword"prevails"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)dominates(B)provides(C)develops(D)invests054.Conventionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherehavelimitedvalueinpredictingshort-livedlocalstormsliketheEdmontontornado,becausetheavailableweatherdataaregenerallynotdetailedenoughtoallowcomputerstodiscernthesubtleatmosphericchangesthatprecedethesestorms.Theword"subtle"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)complex(B)regular(C)imagined(D)slight055.Communicationssatellitescantransmitdataaroundtheworldcheaplyandinstantaneously,andmodemcomputerscanquicklycompileandanalyzingthislargevolumeofweatherinformation.Theword"compile"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)puttogether(B)lookup(C)pilehigh(D)workover056.Meteorologistsandcomputerscientistsnowworktogethertodesigncomputerprogramsandvideoequipmentcapableoftransformingrawweatherdataintowords,symbols,andvividgraphicdisplaysthatforecasterscaninterpret

24easilyandquickly.Theword''raw"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)stormy(B)inaccurate(C)uncooked(D)unprocessedwhichoffollowing?(A)connected(B)described(C)completed(D)identified061.Ifobservationsconfirmthescientists'predictions,thetheoryissupported.057.PeopleintheUnitedStatesinthenineteenthcenturywerehauntedbytheprospectthatunprecedentedchangeinthenation'seconomywouldbringsocialchaos.Theword"Prospect"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)regret(B)possibility(C)theory(D)circumstanceTheword"supported"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)finished(B)adjusted(C)investigated(D)upheld062.Theicetradegrewwiththegrowthofcities.Icewasusedinhotels,taverns,andhospitals,andbysomeforward-lookingcitydealersinfreshmeat,freshfish,andbutter.058.Althoughthebirthratecontinuedtodeclinefromitshighleveloftheeighteenthandearlynineteenthcentury,thepopulationroughlydoubledeverygenerationduringtherestofthenineteenthcenturies.Asthepopulationgrew,itsmakeupalsochanged.Thephrase"forward-looking"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)progressive(B)popular(C)thrifty(D)well-establishedTheword"roughly^isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)harshly(B)surprisingly(C)slowly(D)approximately063.Makinganefficienticeboxwasnotaseasyaswemightnowsuppose.Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat,whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasrudimentary.Theword"rudimentary"isclosestinmeaningto059.Rapidindustrializationandincreasedgeographicmobilityinthenineteenthcenturyhadspecialimplicationsforwomenbecausethesechangestendedtomagnifysocialdistinctions.Astherolesmenandwomenplayedinsocietybecamemorerigidlydefined,whichoffoliowing?(A)growing(B)undeveloped(C)necessary(D)uninterestingsodidtherolestheyplayedinthehome.Theword"magnify"'isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)solve(B)explain(C)analyze(D)increase064.Asidefromperpetuatingitself,thesolepurposeoftheAmericanAcademyandInstituteofArtsandLettersisto"foster,assistandsustainaninterest"inliterature,music,andart.Theword"sole"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)only(B)honorableTheword"distinctions"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)differences(B)classes(C)accomplishments(D)characteristics(C)common(D)official065.OneawardsubsidizesapromisingAmericanwriter'svisittoRome.Thereisevenanawardforaverygoodworkoffictionthatfailedcommercially-oncewonbytheyoungJohn060.Inscience,atheoryisareasonableexplanationofobservedeventsthatarerelated.Atheoryofteninvolvesanimaginarymodelthathelpsscientistspicturethewayanobservedeventcouldbeproduced.Theword"related"isclosestinmeaningtoUpdikeforThePoorhouseFairand,morerecently,byAliceWalkerforInLoveandTrouble.Theword"subsidizes"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)assures

25(B)finances(C)schedules(D)publishes066.Committeemembershiprotateseveryyear,sothatnewvoicesandopinionsareconstantlyheard.ThewordHrotates"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)alternates(B)participates(C)decides(D)meets067.Oneimportantlineofevidencecomesfromflakingpatternsofstonecoresusedintoolmaking:implementsflakedwithaclockwisemotion(indicatingaright-handedtoolmaker)canbedistinguishedfromhoseflakedwithacounter-clockwiserotation(indicatingaleft-handedtoolmaker).Theword"implements"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)tools(B)designs(C)examples(D)pieces068.Evenscratchesfoundonfossilhumanteethofferclues.Ancienthumansarethoughttohavecutmeatintostripsbyholdingitbetweentheirteethandslicingitwithstoneknives,asdothepresent-dayInuit.Theword"clues"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)solutions(B)details(C)damage(D)information069.Thevariationbetweenthehemispherescorrespondstowhichsideofthebodyisusedtoperformspecificactivities.Suchstudies,aswellasstudiesoftooluse,indicatethatright-orleft-sideddominanceisnotexclusivetomodernHomosapiens.Theword"hemispheres"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)differences(B)sides(C)activities(D)studies070.Plantsaresubjecttoattackandinfectionbyaremarkablevarietyofsymbioticspeciesandhaveevolvedadiversearrayofmechanismsdesignedtofrustratethepotentialcolonists.Thephrase"subjectto"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)susceptibleto(B)classifiedby(C)attractiveto(D)strengthenedby071.Theexternalsurfacesofplants,inadditiontobeingcoveredbyanepidermisandawaxycuticle,oftencarryspikyhairsknownastrichomes,whicheitherpreventfeedingbyinsectsormayevenpunctureandkillinsectlarvae.Theword"puncture"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)pierce(B)pinch(C)surround(D)cover072.Orchidsareuniqueinhavingthemosthighlydevelopedofallblossoms,inwhichtheusualmaleandfemalereproductiveorgansarefusedinasinglestructurecalledthecolumn.Theword"fused"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)combined(B)hidden(C)fertilized(D)produced073.Toluretheirpollinatorsfromafar,orchidsuseappropriatelyintriguingshapes,colors,andscents.Atleast50differentaromaticcompoundshavebeenanalyzedintheorchidfamily,eachblendedtoattractone,oratmostafew,speciesofinsectsorbirds.Theword"lure"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)attract(B)recognize(C)follow(D)help074.Oncetherightinsecthasbeenattracted,someorchidspresentallsortsofone-wayobstaclecoursestomakesureitdoesnotleaveuntilpollenhasbeenaccuratelyplacedorremoved.Theword"placed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)estimated(B)measured(C)deposited(D)identified075.Bysuchingeniousadaptationstospecificpollinators,orchidshaveavoidedthehazardsoframpantcrossbreedinginthewild,assuringthesurvivalofspeciesasdiscreteidentities.Atthesametimetheyhavemadethemselvesirresistibletocollectors.Theword"discrete"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)complicated(B)separate(C)inoffensive(D)functional

26076.Thepublicschoolsystemsuddenlyfounditselfovertaxed.Whilethenumberofschoolchildrenrosebecauseofwartimeandpostwarconditions,thesesameconditionsmadetheschoolsevenlesspreparedtocopewiththeflood.Theword"overtaxed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)wellprepared(B)plentifullysupplied(C)heavilyburdened(D)chargedtoomuch077.Therefore,inthe1950,sand1960's,thebabyboomhitanantiquatedandinadequateschoolsystem.Consequently,the"custodialrhetoric"ofthe1930*sandearly1940'snolongermadesense;thatis,keepingyouthsagedsixteenandolderoutofthelabormarketbykeepingtheminschoolcouldnolongerbeahighpriorityforaninstitutionunabletofindspaceandstafftoteachyoungerchildrenagedfivetosixteen.Theword"inadequate"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)deficient(B)expanded(C)innovative(D)specialized078.Withthebabyboom,thefocusofeducatorsandoflaymeninterestedineducationinevitablyturnedtowardthelowergradesandbacktobasicacademicskillsanddiscipline.Theword''inevitably''isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)unwillingly(B)impartially(C)irrationally(D)unavoidably079.DeeplyphilosophicalhistorianssuchasHenryAdamslamentedtherolethatthenewfrenzyforbusinesswasplayinginerodingtraditionalvalues.Adistrustofindustryandbusinesscontinuedamongwritersthroughouttherestofthenineteenthcenturyandintothetwentieth.Theword"lamented"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)complainedabout(B)analyzed(C)explained(D)reflectedon080.Onethinksofmelodramas,boys*books,thrillers,romances,andthelikeratherthannovelsofthefirstrank.Thephrase"firstrank"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)largestcategory(B)highestquality(C)earliestwriters(D)mostdifficultlanguage081.Thesewriters,whocangenuinelybesaidtohavecreatedagenre,the"railroadnovel,"arenowmostlyforgotten,theirnameshavingfadedfrommemory.Thewords"fadedfrom"inline21areclosestinmeaningto(A)grewin(B)disappearedfrom(C)remainedin(D)developedfrom082.Theenginethatbecamestandardonwesternsteamboatswasofadifferentandnoveldesign.ItwastheworkprimarilyofanunsungheroofAmericanindustrialprogress,OliverEvans(1755-1819).Theword"novel"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)fictional(B)intricate(C)innovative(D)powerful083.Theself-educatedsonofaDelawarefarmer,Evansearlybecameobsessedbythepossibilitiesofmechanizedproductionandsteampower.Asearlyas1802hewasusingastationarysteamengineofhigh-pressuredesigninhismill.Enginesofthistypewerenotunknown,butbeforeEvanstheyweregenerallyconsideredimpracticalanddangerous.Theword"stationary"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)single(B)fixed(C)locomotive(D)modified084.Inshallowwesternriverstheweightofvesselandenginewasimportant;aheavyengineaddedtotheproblemofnavigation.Theword"vessel"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)fuel(B)crew(C)cargo(D)craft085.Thekeyconceptsemergedabout1957.TownesandArthurSchawlow,thenatBellTelephoneLaboratories,wrotealongpaperoutliningtheconditionsneededtoamplifystimulatedemissionofvisiblelightwaves.Theword"emerged"isclosestinmeaningtowhicherffollowing?(A)increased(B)concluded(C)succeeded(D)appearedTheword"outlining"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)assigning(B)studying

27(A)checking(B)summarizing086.Onthisperfectsurface,theartistwouldsketchacompositionwithchalk,refineitwithinks,andthenbeginthedeliberateprocessofapplyingthinlayersofeggtemperapaint(eggyolkinwhichpigmentsaresuspended)withsmallbrushes.Theword"deliberate"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffallowing?(A)decisive(B)careful(C)natural(D)unusual087.Thequick-dryingtemperademandedthattheartistknowexactlywhereeachstrokebeplacedbeforethebrushmetthepanel,anditrequiredtheuseoffinebrushes.Theword"demanded"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)ordered(B)reported(C)required(D)questioned088.Thepainterormasterwhoiscreditedwithhavingcreatedthepaintingmayhavedesignedtheworkandoverseenitsproduction,butitishighlyunlikelythattheartist'shandappliedeverystrokeofthebrush.Morelikely,numerousassistants,whohadbeentrainedtoimitatetheartist'sstyle,appliedthepaint.Theword"imitate"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)copy(B)illustrate(C)promote(D)believein089.Ontheotherhand,whenitcomestosubstantive-particularlybehavioral-information,crowsarelesswellknownthanmanycomparablycommonspeciesand,forthatmatter,notafewquiteuncommonones:theendangeredCaliforniacondor,tociteoneobviousexample.Therearepracticalreasonsforthis.Theword"comparably"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)interestingly(B)similarly(C)otherwise(D)sometimes090.Beingsoeducable,individualbirdshavemarkedlydifferentinterestsandinclinations,strategiesandscams.Theword"inclination"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)tricks(B)opportunities(C)preferences(D)experiences091.Theconfusionandcongestionofindividualcitizenslookingfortheirletterswasitselfenoughtodiscourageuseofthemail.Itisnowonderthat,duringtheyearsofthesecumbersomearrangements,privateletter-carryingandexpressbusinessesdeveloped.Theword"cumbersome"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)burdensome(B)handsome(C)loathsome(D)quarrelsome092.Butthisdeliveryservicewasatfirstconfinedtocities,andfreehomedeliverybecameamarkofurbanism.Aslateas1887,atownhadtohave10,000peopletobeeligibleforfreehomedelivery.Theword"Confined"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)granted(B)scheduled(C)limited(D)recommended093.Theywere,bytraining,socialscientists,nothistorians,andtheirworktendedtoreflectthisbias.Thequestionstheyframedandthetechniquestheyusedweredesignedtohelpthemunderstand,asscientists,howpeoplebehaved.Theword"framed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(B)read(C)avoided(D)posed094.InKingston,NewYork,forexample,evidencehasbeenuncoveredthatindicatesthatEnglishgoodswerebeingsmuggledintothatcityatatimewhentheDutchsupposedlycontrolledtradinginthearea.Theword"supposedly"'isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)ruthlessly(B)tightly(C)barely(D)seemingly095.AndinSacramentoanexcavationatthesiteofafashionablenineteenth-centuryhotelrevealedthatgarbagehadbeenstashedinthebuilding*sbasementdespitesanitationlawstothecontrary.Theword"sanitation"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)city(B)housing(C)health(D)trade

28096.WhenJulesVernewroteJourneytotheCenteroftheEarthin1864,thereweremanyconflictingtheoriesaboutthenatureoftheEarth*sinterior.Somegeologiststhoughtthatitcontainedahighlycompressedballofincandescentgas,whileotherssuspectedthatitconsistedofseparateshells,eachmadeofadifferentmaterial.Theword''conflicting"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)controlling(B)outdated(C)opposing(D)important097.Beyondadepthofaround2,900kilometers,agreatchangetakesplaceandthemantlegiveswaytothecore.Someseismicwavescannotpassthroughthecoreandothersarebentbyit.Fromthisandotherevidence,geologistsconcludethattheoutercoreisprobablyliquid,withasolidcenter.Itisalmostcertainlymadeofiron,mixedwithsmalleramountofotherelementssuchasnickel.Thephrase"giveswayto"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)runsalong(B)rubsagainst(C)turnsinto(D)floatson098.Althoughscientistscanspeculateaboutitsnature,neitherhumansnormachineswilleverbeabletovisitit.Theword"speculate"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)report(B)learn(C)worry(D)hypothesize099.Farmerscouldgetbetterpricesfortheircropsifthealternativeexistedofsendingthemdirectlyeastwardtomarket,andmerchantscouldselllargerquantitiesoftheirmanufacturedgoodsifthesecouldbetransportedmoredirectlyandmoreeconomicallytothewest.Theword"alternative"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)option(B)transition(C)intention(D)authorization100.Thedistancewasmorethan350miles,andtherewereridgestocrossandawildernessofwoodsandswampstopenetrate.Theword"penetrate"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)cutdown(B)gothrough(C)fillup(D)takeover101.TherangeoftheNewYorkcanalsystemwasstillfurtherextendedwhenthestatesofOhioandIndiana,inspiredbythesuccessoftheErieCanal,providedwaterconnectionsbetweenLakeErieandtheOhioRiver.Theword"extended"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)increased(B)constructed(C)deepened(D)measured102.TheanswerlayinaresourcethatunknowingAmericanshadtrampledunderfootintheirhastetocrossthe"GreatAmericanDesert"toreachlandsthatsometimesprovedbarren.IntheeasternpartsoftheUnitedStates,thepreferredgrassforforagewasacultivatedplant.Theword"barren"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)lonely(B)dangerous(C)uncomfortable(D)infertile103.IntheeasternpartsoftheUnitedStates,thepreferredgrassforforagewasacultivatedplant.Itgrewwellwithenoughrain,thenwhencutand

29storeditwouldcureandbecomenourishinghayforwinterfeed.Theword"preferred''isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)ordinary(B)available(C)required(D)favored(C)usingmanycolors(D)reinforcedstructurally108.Whereasschoolinghasacertainpredictability,educationquiteoftenproducessurprises.Achanceconversationwithstrangermayleadapersontodiscoverhowlittleisknownofotherreligions.Peopleareengagedineducationfrominfancyon.104.Theywerenotjuicylikethecultivatedeasterngrasses,buthadshort,hardstems.Theword"hard''isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)firm(B)severe(C)difficult(D)bitterTheword"chance"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)unplanned(B)unusual(C)lengthy(D)lively109.Education,then,isaverybroad,inclusiveterm.Itisshouldbeanintegralpartofone's105.Nevertheless,mostdomesticarchitectureofthefirstthree-quartersoftheeighteenthcenturydisplaysawidedivergenceoftasteandfreedomofapplicationoftheruleslaiddowninthesebooks.Theword"divergence"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)descriptionentirelife.Theword"integral"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)anequitable(B)aprofitable(C)apleasant(D)anessential(B)development(C)difference(D)display110.Forexample,theedgeofthePacificOceanhasbeencalledthe"RingofFire"becausesomanyvolcaniceruptionsandearthquakeshappenthere.Beforethe1960's,geologistscouldnot106.NewEnglandstillfavoredwood,thoughbrickhousesbecamecommoninBostonandothertowns,wherethedangeroffiregaveanimpetustotheuseofmoredurablematerial.AfewhousesinNewEnglandwerebuiltofstone,butonlyinPennsylvaniaandadjacentareaswasstonewidelyusedindwellings.Theword"durable"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)attractive(B)expensive(C)refined(D)long-lastingexplainwhyactivevolcanoesandstrongearthquakeswereconcentratedinthatregion.Theword"concentrated"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffoliowing?(A)allowed(B)clustered(C)exploded(D)strengthened111.IntheUnitedStatesintheearly180()'s,individualstategovernmentshadmoreeffectontheeconomythandidthefederalgovernment.Statescharteredmanufacturing,banking,mining,andtransportationfirmsandparticipatedintheTheword"dwelling"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)houses(B)towns(C)outbuildings(D)ruralareasconstructionofvariousinternalimprovementssuchascanals,turnpikes,andrailroads.Theword"effect"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)value(B)argument(C)influence107.Doorwayswerelargerandmoredecorative.Fireplacesbecamedecorativefeaturesofrooms.(D)restraintWallsweremadeofplasterorwood,sometimeselaboratelypaneled.Theword"elaborately"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)doneingreatdetail(B)pultogethercarefully112.Thestatesencouragedinternalimprovementsintwodistinctways:first,byactuallyestablishingstatecompaniestobuildsuchimprovements;second,byprovidingpartofthecapitalformixedpublic-privatecompaniessettingouttomakeaprofit.

30Thewordudistinctuisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)separate(B)innovative(C)alarming(D)provocative113.Finally,stategovernmentsexperimentedwithdirectlaborandbusinessregulationdesignedtohelptheindividuallaborerorconsumer,includingsettingmaximumlimitsonhoursofworkandrestrictionsonprice-fixingbybusinesses.Thewordsetting"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)discussing(B)analyzing(C)establishing(D)avoiding114.Althoughthestatesdominatedeconomicactivityduringthisperiod,thefederalgovernmentwasnotinactive.Itsgoalswerethefacilitationofwesternsettlementandthedevelopmentofnativeindustries.Towardtheseendsthefederalgovernmentpursuedseveralcoursesofaction.Theword"ends"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)benefits(B)decisions(C)services(D)goals115.Whatformsoflifewereabletomakesuchadrasticchangeinlifestyle?Thetraditionalviewofthefirstterrestrialorganismsisbasedonmegafossils-relativelylargespecimensofessentiallywholeplantsandanimals.Theword"drastic"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)widespread(B)radical(C)progressive(D)risky116.Itturnsoutthatsomefossilscanbeextractedfromthesesedimentsbyputtingtherocksinanacidbath.Thetechniquehasuncoverednewevidencefromsedimentsthatweredepositedneartheshoresoftheancientoceans-plantmicrofossilsandmicroscopicpiecesofsmallanimals.Theword"extracted"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)located(B)preserved(C)removed(D)studied117.Thetechniquehasuncoverednewevidencefromsedimentsthatweredepositedneartheshoresoftheancientoceans-plantmicrofossilsandmicroscopicpiecesofsmallanimals.Inmanyinstancesthespecimensarelessthanone-tenthofamillimeterindiameter.Theword"instances"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)methods(B)processes(C)cases(D)reasons118.Inmanyinstancesthespecimensarelessthanone-tenthofamillimeterindiameter.Althoughtheywereentombedintherocksforhundredsofmillionsofyears,manyofthefossilsconsistoftheorganicremainsoftheorganism.Theword"entombed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)crushed(B)trapped(C)produced(D)excavated119.Citizensofprosperous,essentiallymiddle-classrepublics-whetherancientRomans,seventeenth-centuryDutchburghers,ornineteenth-centuryAmericanshavealwaysshownamarkedtasteforportraiture.Theword"marked"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)pronounced(B)fortunate(C)understandable(D)mysterious120.In1839thedaguerreotypewasintroducedtoAmerica,usheringintheageofphotography,andwithinagenerationthenewinventionputanendtothepopularityofpaintedportraits.Onceagainanoriginalportraitbecamealuxury,commissionedbythewealthyandexecutedbytheprofessional.Thephrase"usheringin"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)beginning(B)demanding(C)publishing(D)increasingTheword"executed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(E)sold(F)requested(G)admired(H)created121.Localcraftspeople-sign,coach,andhousepainters-begantopaintportraitsasaprofitablesideline;sometimesatalentedmanorwomanwhobeganbysketchingfamilymembersgainedalocalreputationandwasbesiegedwithrequestsforportraits;artistsfounditworththeirwhiletopacktheirpaints,canvases,andbrushesandtotravelthecountryside,oftencombininghousedecoratingwithportraitpainting.Theword"sketchingnisclosestinmeaningtowhich

31offollowing?(A)drawing(B)hiring(C)helping(D)discussing113.BoththenumberandthepercentageofpeopleintheUnitedStatesinvolvedinnonagriculturalpursuitsexpandedrapidlyduringthehalfcenturyfollowingtheCivilWar,withsomeofthemostdramaticincreasesoccurringinthedomainsoftransportation,manufacturing,andtradeanddistribution.Theword"domains''isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)fields(B)locations(C)organizations(D)occupations114.Thedevelopmentoftherailroadandtelegraphsystemsduringthemiddlethirdofthenineteenthcenturyledtosignificantimprovementsinthespeed,volume,andregularityofshipmentsandcommunications,makingpossibleafundamentaltransformationintheproductionanddistributionofgoods.Theword"fundamental"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)possible(B)basic(C)gradual(D)unique115.Tobesure,therewerestillsmallworkshops,whereskilledcraftspeoplemanufacturedproductsrangingfromnewspaperstocabinetstoplumbingfixtures.Theword"skilled"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)hardworking(B)expert(C)well-paid(D)industrial116.Andtherewerefactoriesinoccupationssuchasmetalworkwhereindividualcontractorspresidedoverwhatwereessentiallyhandicraftproprietorshipsthatcoexistedwithinasinglebuilding.Thewords''presidedover"inline20areclosestinmeaningto(A)managed(B)ledto(C)workedin(D)produced117.Objectsintheuniverseshowavarietyofshapes:roundplanets(somewithrings),tailedcomets,wispycosmicgasanddustclouds,ringednebulae,pinwheel-shapedspiralgalaxies,andsoon.Butnoneoftheshapesonthislistdescribesthelargestsingleentitiesintheuniverse.Theword"entities"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)factors(B)processes(C)objects(D)puzzles118.Stonecarversengravedtheirmotifsofskullsandcrossbonesandotherreligiousiconsofdeathintothegrayslabsthatwestillseestandingtodayinoldburialgrounds.Theword"motifs"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)tools(B)prints(C)signatures(D)designs119.Althoughtheyoftenachievedexpressionandformalexcellenceintheirgenerallyprimitivestyle,theyremainedartisansskilledinthecraftofcarvingandconstitutedagroupdistinctfromwhatwenormallythinkofasMsculptors"intoday'suseoftheword.Theword"distinct"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)separate(B)assembled(C)notable(D)inferior120.Ontherareoccasionwhenafinepieceofsculpturewasdesired,Americansturnedtoforeignsculptors,asinthe1770'swhenthecitiesofNewYorkandCharleston,SouthCarolina,commissionedtheEnglishmanJosephWiltontomakemarblestatuesofWilliamPill.Theword"rare"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)festive(B)infrequent(C)delightful(D)unexpected121.Desertmammalsalsodepartfromthenormalmammalianpracticeofmaintainingaconstantbodytemperature.Insteadoftryingtokeepdownthebodytemperaturedeepinsidethebody,whichwouldinvolvetheexpenditureofwaterandenergy,desertmammalsallowtheirtemperaturestorisetowhatwouldnormallybefeverheight,andtemperaturesashighas46degreesCelsiushavebeenmeasuredinGrant'sgazelles.Theword"maintaining"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)measuring(B)inheriting(C)preserving(D)delaying

32113.Anotherstrategyoflargedesertanimalsistotoleratethelossofbodywatertoapointthatwouldbefatalfornonadaptedanimals.Thecamelcanloseupto30percentofitsbodyweightaswaterwithoutharmtoitself,whereashumanbeingsdieafterlosingonly12to13percentoftheirbodyweight.Theword''tolerate"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)endure(B)replace(C)compensate(D)reduce114.Thetoleranceofwaterlossisofobviousadvantageinthedesert,asanimalsdonothavetoremainnearawaterholebutcanobtainfoodfromgrazingsparseandfar-flungpastures.Theword"obtainHisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)digest(B)carry(C)save(D)get115.In1979SantaMonica'smunicipalgovernmentorderedlandlordstorollbacktheirrentstothelevelschargedin1978.Futurerentscouldonlygoupbytwothirdsasmuchasanyincreaseintheoverallpricelevel.Thephrase"rollback"inlines11-12isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)credit(B)measure(C)vary(D)reduce116.Inanyhousingmarket,rentalpricesperformthreefunctions:(1)promotingtheefficientmaintenanceofexistinghousingandstimulatingtheconstructionofnewhousing.Theword"stimulating"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)experimentingwith(B)identifying(C)estimating(D)encouraging117.Oneresultofrentcontrolisadecreaseintheconstructionofnewrentalunits.RentControlshaveartificiallydepressedthemostimportantlong-termdeterminantofprofitability-rents.Theword"depressed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)saddened(B)created(C)lowered(D)defeated118.Inthesameyear,inSanFrancisco,California,only2,000unitswerebuilt.SanFranciscohasonlya1.6percentvacancyratebutstringentrentcontrollaws.Theword"stringent"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)straightforward(B)strict(C)expanded(D)efficient119.Forexample,sometimestheshapeorveininginapieceofstoneorwoodsuggests,perhapsevendictates,notonlytheultimateform,buteventhesubjectmatter.Theword"dictates"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)readsaloud(B)determines(C)includes(D)records120.In1905hewassenttoParisasanapprenticetoanartdealer,andintheyearsthatfollowedhewitnessedthebirthofCubism,discoveredprimitiveart,andlearnedthetechniquesofwoodcarvingfromaframemaker.Theword"witnessed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)influenced(B)studied(C)validated(D)observed121.Theplank'sformdictatedtherigidlyfrontalviewandthelowrelief.EvenitsirregularshapemusthaveappealedtoLaurentasabreakwithalong-standingtraditionthatrequiredasculptortoworkwithinaperfectrectangleorsquare.Thephrase"abreakwith"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)adestructionof(B)adeparturefrom(C)acollapseof(D)asolutionto122.Inwinterespecially,itisimportantforbirdstokeepwarmatnightandconservepreciousfoodreserves.Theword"conserve"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)retain(B)watch(C)locate(D)share123.Onewaytodothisistofindashelteredroost.Solitaryroostersshelterindensevegetationorenteracavity-hornedlarksdigholesinthegroundandptarmiganburrowintosnowbanks-buttheeffectofshelteringismagnifiedbyseveralbirdshuddlingtogetherintheroosts,aswrens,swifts,brown

33creepers,bluebirds,andanisdo.Theword"magnified"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)caused(B)modified(C)intensified(D)combined113.Thesecondpossiblebenefitofcommunalrootsisthattheyactas"informationcenters.**Duringtheday,partiesofbirdswillhavespreadouttoforageoveraverylargearea.Whentheyreturnintheeveningsomewillhavefedwell,butothersmayhavefoundlittletoeat.Theword"forage"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)fly(B)assemble(C)feed(D)rest114.Finally,thereissafetyinnumbersatcommunalroostssincetherewillalwaysbeafewbirdsawakeatanygivenmomenttogivethealarm.Butthisincreasedprotectionispartiallycounteractedbythefactthatmassroostsattractpredatorsandareespeciallyvulnerableiftheyareontheground.Theword"counteracted"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)suggested(B)negated(C)measured(D)shielded115.Drying,smoking,andsaltingcouldpreservemeatforashorttime,buttheavailabilityoffreshmeat,likethatoffreshmilk,wasverylimited;therewasnowaytopreventspoilage.Theword"prevent"isclosestinmeaningtowhich(jffollowing?(A)estimate(B)avoid(C)correct(D)confine116.Theiceboxbecameafixtureinmosthomesandremainedsountilthemechanizedrefrigeratorreplaceditinthe1920*sand1930's.Almosteveryonenowhadamorediversifieddiet.Theword"fixture"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)luxuryitem(B)substance(C)commonplaceobject(D)mechanicaldevice117.Somepeoplecontinuedtoeatmainlyfoodsthatwereheavyinstarchesorcarbohydrates,andnoteveryonecouldaffordmeat.Nevertheless,manyfamiliescouldtakeadvantageofpreviouslyunavailablefruits,vegetables,anddairyproductstoachievemorevariedfare.Theword"Nevertheless"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)therefore(B)because(C)occasionally(D)howeverreadilychangeitsorientation,orphase.Catsknowthisinstinctively,butscientistscouldnotbesurehowithappeneduntiltheyincreasedthespeedoftheirperceptionsathousandfold.Theword"readily"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(E)only(F)easily(G)slowly(H)certainly118.ThechangingprofileofacityintheUnitedStatesisapparentintheshiftingdefinitionsusedbytheUnitedStatesBureauoftheCensus.In1870thecensusofficiallydistinguishedthenation's"urban"fromits"rural"populationforthefirsttime.Theword"distinguished"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)differentiated(B)removed(C)honored(D)protected119.EachSMSAwouldcontainatleast(a)onecentralcitywith50,000inhabitantormoreor(b)twocitieshavingsharedboundariesandconstituting,forgeneraleconomicandsocialpurposes,asinglecommunitywithacombinedpopulationofatleast5(),OCX),thesmallerofwhichmusthaveapopulationofatleast15,000.Theword''constituting"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)locatednear(B)determinedby(C)callingfor(D)makingup120.TheAnasazilivedinhousesconstructedofadobeandwood.Anasazihouseswereoriginallybuiltinpitsandwereenteredfromtheroof.Theword"pits"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)stages(B)scars(C)seeds(D)holes121.Eachkivahadafirepitandholethatwasbelievedtoleadtotheunderworld.Thelargestpuebloshadfivestoriesandmorethan8(X)rooms.Theword"stories"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

34(A)articles(B)tales(C)levels(D)rumors113.Thevillagechiefdealtwithlanddisputesandreligiousaffairs.Thewarchiefledthemeninfightingduringoccasionalconflictsthatbrokeoutwithneighboringvillagesanddirectedthemenincommunitybuildingprojects.Theword"disputes"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)discussions(B)arguments(C)developments(D)purchases114.Thishadaconsiderableeffectoncattleranching,sincetheherdsnolongerhadunrestricteduseoftheplainsforgrazing,andthefencingledtoconflictbetweenthefarmersandthecattleranchers.Theword"unrestricted"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)unsatisfactory(B)difficult(C)considerable(D)unlimited115.Thesteelwiresusedaregalvanized-coatedwithzinctomakethemrustproof.Thetwowiresthatmakeupthelinewireorcablearefedseparatelyintoamachineatoneend.Theyleaveitattheotherendtwistedtogetherandbarbed.Theword"fed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)put(B)eaten(C)bitten(D)nourished116.Thepressureexertedonthehumanbodyincreasesby1atmosphereforevery10metersofdepthinseawater,sothatat30metersinseawateradiverisexposedtoapressureofabout4atmospheres.Thewords''exposedto"inline6areclosestinmeaningto(A)leavingbehind(B)preparedfor(C)propelledby(D)subjectedto117.Deepdivesarelessdangerousifheliumissubstitutedfornitrogen,becauseunderthesepressuresheliumdoesnotexertasimilarnarcoticeffect.Theword"exert"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)cause(B)permit(C)need(D)change118.Asascubadiverdescends,thepressureofnitrogeninthelungsincreases.Nitrogenthendiffusesfromthelungstotheblood,andfromthebloodtobodytissues.Theword"diffuses"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)yields(B)starts(C)surfaces(D)travels119.Duringascentfromadepthof10meters,thevolumeofairinthelungswilldoublebecausetheairpressureatthesurfaceisonlyhalfofwhatitwasat10meters.Thischangeinvolumemaycausethelungstodistendandevenrupture.ThewordruptureHisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)hurt(B)shrink(C)burst(D)stop120.Inthetwentiethcentury,electronmicroscopeshaveprovideddirectviewsofvirusesandminusculesurfacestructures.Theword"minuscule"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)circular(B)dangerous(C)complex(D)tiny121.Unlikeconventionalelectronmicroscopy,x-raymicroscopyenablesspecimenstobekeptinairandinwater,whichmeansthatbiologicalsamplescanbestudiedunderconditionssimilartotheirnaturalstate.Theword"enables"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)constitutes(B)specifies(C)expands(D)allows122.Becauseofthewavelengthofthex-raysused,softx-raymicroscopeswillnevermatchthehighestresolutionpossiblewithelectronmicroscopes.Rather,theirspecialpropertieswillmakepossibleinvestigationsthatwillcomplementthoseperformedwithlight-andelectron-basedinstruments.Theword"Rather"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)significantly(B)preferably(C)somewhat(D)instead

35113.Whattheydoislookatfamiliarconditionsfromaperspectivethatmakestheseconditionsseemfoolish,harmful,oraffected.Satirejarsusoutofcomplacenceintoapleasantlyshockedrealizationthatmanyofthevaluesweunquestioninglyacceptarefalse.Theword"realization"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)certainty(B)awareness(C)surprise(D)confusion114.Itwasthemannerofexpression,thesatiricmethod,thatmadetheminterestingandentertaining,satiresarereadbecausetheyareaestheticallysatisfyingworksofart,notbecausetheyaremorallywholesomeorethicallyinstructive.Theword"aesthetically"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)artistically(B)exceptionally(C)realistically(D)dependably115.Theyarestimulatingandrefreshingbecausewithcommonsensebrisknesstheybrushawayillusionsandsecondhandopinions.Theword"refreshing"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)popular(B)ridiculous(C)meaningful(D)unusual116.Soldiersrarelyholdtheidealsthatmoviesattributetothem,nordoordinarycitizensdevotetheirlivestounselfishserviceofhumanity.Theword"devote"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)distinguish(B)feelaffection(C)prefer(D)dedicate117.HotelswereamongtheearliestfacilitiesthatboundtheUnitedStatestogether.Theywerebothcreationsandcreatorsofcommunities,aswellassymptomsofthefreneticquestforcommunity.Theword"bound"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)led(B)protected(C)tied(D)strengthened118.Thegrowingcustomofregularlyassemblingfromafartherepresentativesofallkindsofgroups,notonlyforpoliticalconventions,butalsoforcommercial,professional,learned,andavocationalones...inturnsupportedthemultiplyinghotels.Theword"assembling"isclosestinmeaningtowhichc)ffollowing?(A)announcing(B)motivating(C)gathering(D)contracting119.Inthepast,astoday,men,women,and

36childrenadornedthemselveswithbeads.Insomeculturesstill,certainbeadsareoftenwornfrombirthuntildeath,andthenareburiedwiththeirownersfortheafterlife.Theword“adorned"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)protected(B)decorated(C)purchased(D)enjoyed113.Besidestheirwearability,eitherasjewelryorincorporatedintoarticlesofattire,beadspossessthedesirablecharacteristicsofeverycollectible:theyaredurable,portable,availableininfinitevariety,andoftenvaluableintheiroriginalculturalcontextaswellasintoday'smarket.Theword"attire"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)ritual(B)importance(C)clothing(D)history114.Beadsareminiaturebundlesofsecretswaitingtoberevealed:theirhistory,manufacture,culturalcontext,economicrole,andornamentaluseareallpointsofinformationonehopestounravel.Theword"unravel"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)communicate(B)transport(C)improve(D)discover115.Eventhemostmundanebeadsmayhavetraveledgreatdistancesandbeenexposedtomanyhumanexperiences.Theword"mundane"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)carved(B)beautiful(C)ordinary(D)heavy116.Thecrossedmandiblesenablethebirdstoexertapowerfulbitingforceatthebilltips,whichiscriticalformaneuveringthembetweenthescalesandspreadingthescalesapart.Next,thecrossbillsnakesitslongtongueintothegapanddrawsouttheseed.Theword"gap"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)opening(B)flower(C)mouth(D)tree117.Next,thecrossbillsnakesitslongtongueintothegapanddrawsouttheseed.Usingthecombinedactionofthebillandtongue,thebirdscracksopenanddiscardsthewoodyseedcoveringandswallowsthenutritiousinnerkernel.Theword"discards"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)eats(B)breaks(C)findsout(D)getsridof118.Asarule,largebilledcrossbillsarebetteratseemingseedsfromlargeconeswhilesmallbilledcrossbillsaremoredeftatremovingtheseedsfromsmall,thinscaledcones.Theword''deft"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)hungry(B)skilled(C)tired(D)pleasant119.Thisbirdhasalarge,robustbill,yetmostofNewfoundland'sconifershavesmallcones,thesamekindofconesthattheslender-billedwhite-wingsrelyon.Theword"robust"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)strong(B)colorful(C)unusual(D)sharp120.Itwasshe,aBaltimoreprinter,whopublishedthefirstofficialcopiesoftheDeclaration,thefirstcopiesthatincludedthenamesofitssignersandthereforeheraldedthesupportofallthirteencolonies.Theword"heralded"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)influenced(B)announced(C)rejected(D)ignored121.Shewasalsothecity'spostmasterfrom1775to1789…appointedbyBenjaminFranklin•一andisconsideredtobethefirstwomantoholdafederalposition.Theword"position"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)job(B)election(C)document(D)location

37177.Galaxiesarethemajorbuildingblocksoftheuniverse.Agalaxyisagiantfamilyofmanymillionsofstars,anditisheldtogetherbyitsowngravitationalfield.Theword"major"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)intense(B)principal(C)lunge(D)uniqueTheword"crisscross"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)leadtheway(B)separate(C)movebackandforth(D)uncover182.Theprimaryreasonwasskepticismthatarailroadbuiltthroughsochallengingandthinlysettledastretchofdesert,mountain,andsemiaridplaincouldpayaprofit.178.Theellipticalgalaxieshaveasymmetricalellipticalorspheroidalshapewithnoobviousstructure.Mostoftheirmemberstarsareveryoldandsinceellipticalaredevoidofinterstellargas,nonewstarsareforminginthem.Theword"symmetrical"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)proportionallybalanced(B)commonlyseen(C)typicallylarge(D)steadilygrowingTheword"skepticismnisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)doubt(B)amazement(C)urgency(D)determination183.IndiscussingthePacificRailroadbill,thechairofthecongressionalcommitteebluntlystatedthatwithoutgovernmentsubsidynoonewouldundertakesounpromisingaventure;yetitwasanationalnecessitytolinkEastandWesttogether.Theword"obvious"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)discovered(B)apparent(C)understood(D)simplisticTheword"subsidy"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)persuasion(B)financing(C)explanation(D)penalty179.TheirlightwasalreadyhalfwayherebeforetheEarthevenformed.ThelightfromthenearbyVirgogalaxysetoutwhenreptilesstilldominatedtheanimalworld.Theword"dominated"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)threatened(B)replaced(C)weredevelopingin(D)wereprevalentin184.However,theconceptofnumberandthecountingprocessdevelopedsolongbeforethetimeofrecordedhistory(thereischaeologicalevidencethatcountingwasemployedbyhumansasfarbackas50,000yearsago)thatthemannerofthisdevelopmentislargelyconjectural.Theword"conjectural"isclosestinmeaningtowhich(jffollowing?(A)complex(B)basedonguessing180.Thismeantthatwagonfreighting,stagecoachingandsteamboatingdidnotcometoanendwhenthefirsttrainappeared;ratherthey(C)unbelievable(D)supportedbycarefulresearchbecamesupplementsorfeeders.Theword"supplements"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)extensions(B)reformers(C)dependents(D)influences185.Probablytheearliestwayofkeepingacountwasbysomesimpletallymethod,employingtheprincipleofone-to-onecorrespondence.Inkeepingacountofsheep,forexample,onefingerpersheepcouldbeturnedunder.Theword''employing"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?181.Wagonfreighterscontinuedoperatingthroughoutthe1870'sand1880'sandintothe1890's,althoughoverconstantlyshrinkingroutes,andcoachesandwagonscontinuedtocrisscrosstheWestwherevertherailshadnotyetbeenlaid.(A)using(B)paying(C)focusing(D)hiring186.Countscouldalsobemaintainedby

38makingscratchesinthedirtoronastone,bycuttingnotchesinapieceofwood,orbytyingknotsinastring.Theword"maintained"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)justified(B)asserted(C)located(D)kept187.Then,perhapslater,anassortmentofvocalsoundswasdevelopedasawordtallyagainstthenumberofobjectsinasmallgroup.Theword"assortment"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)instrument(B)variety(C)surplus(D)symbol188.Theirproducts,primarilysilverplatesandbowls,reflectedtheirexaltedstatusandtestifiedtotheircustomers*prominence.Theword"exalted"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)unusual(B)uncertain(C)surprising(D)superior189.Colonialcoppersmithingalsocameofageintheearlyeighteenthcenturyandprosperedinnortherncities.Thephrase"cameofage"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)establisheditself(B)declined(C)becamelessexpensive(D)wasstudied190.Fossilsaretheremainsandtraces(suchasfootprintsorothermarks)ofancientplantandanimallifethataremorethan10,000yearsold.Theword"traces"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)structures(B)importance(C)skeletons(D)imprints191.Thewoollymammoth,along-hairedrhinoceros,andothermammalshavebeenperiodicallyexposedinthetundraofSiberia,thehairandredfleshstillfrozenincoldstorage.Theword"exposed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)photographed(B)uncovered(C)located(D)preserved192.Ausefuldefinitionofanairpollutantisacompoundaddeddirectlyorindirectlybyhumanstotheatmosphereinsuchquantitiesastoaffecthumans,animals,vegetation,ormaterialsadversely.Theword"adversely"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)negatively(B)quickly(C)admittedly(D)considerably193.AstheEarthdeveloped,theconcentrationsofthesepollutantswerealteredbyvariouschemicalreactions;theybecamecomponentsinbiogeochemicalcycles.Theword"altered"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)eliminated(B)caused(C)slowed(D)changed194.Theresultisanincreasedconcentrationofnoxiouschemicalsintheair.Theconcentrationsatwhichtheadverseeffectsappearwillbegreaterthantheconcentrationsthatthepollutantswouldhaveintheabsenceofhumanactivities.Theword"noxious"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)harmful(B)noticeable(C)extensive(D)weak195.Theactualconcentrationneednotbelargeforasubstancetobeapollutant;infactthenumericalvaluetellsuslittleuntilweknowhowmuchofanincreasethisrepresentsovertheconcentrationthatwouldoccurnaturallyinthearea.Forexample,sulfurdioxidehasdetectablehealtheffectsat0.08partspermillion(ppm),whichisabout400timesitsnaturallevel.Theword"detectable"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)beneficial(B)special(C)measurable(D)separable196.Theacute,growingpublicawarenessofthesocialchangesthathadbeentakingplaceforsometimewastiedtotremendousgrowthinpopularjournalisminthelatenineteenthcentury,includinggrowthinquantityandcirculationofbothmagazinesandnewspapers.Theword"acutenisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)useful(B)intense(C)genuine(D)controversial

39187.Furthermore,theintroductionin1890ofthefirstsuccessfullinotypemachinepromisedevenfurthergrowth.In1872onlytwodailynewspaperscouldclaimacirculationofover100,000,butby1892sevenmorenewspapersexceededthatfigure.Aworldbeyondtheimmediatecommunitywasrapidlybecomingvisible.Theword"exceeded"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)controlled(B)surpassed(C)affected(D)equaled188.Magazinesastheyareknowntodaybeganpublicationaround1882,and,infact,thecirculationofweeklymagazinesexceededthatofnewspapersintheperiodwhichfollowed.By1892,forexample,thecirculationoftheLadies'HomeJournalhadreachedanastounding700,000.Theword"astounding"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)surprising(B)estimated(C)encouraging(D)sudden189.Itislightweight,impermeabletoliquids,readilycleanedandreused,durableyetfragile,andoftenverybeautiful.Theword"durable"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)lasting(B)delicate(C)heavy(D)plain190.Ineffect,asmoltenglasscools,itprogressivelystiffensuntilrigid,butdoessowithoutsettingupanetworkofinterlockingcrystalscustomarilyassociatedwiththatprocess.Theword"customarily"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)naturally(B)necessarily(C)usually(D)certainly191.Thisiswhyglassshatterssoeasilywhendealtablow,whyglassdeterioratesovertime,especiallywhenexposedtomoisture,andwhyglasswaremustbeslowlyreheatedanduniformlycooledaftermanufacturetoreleaseinternalstressesinducedbyunevencooling.Thewords"exposedto"inline19areclosestinmeaningto(A)hardenedby(B)chilledwith(C)subjectedto(D)deprivedof192.Thisiswhyglassshatterssoeasilywhendealtablow,whyglassdeterioratesovertime,especiallywhenexposedtomoisture,andwhyglasswaremustbeslowlyreheatedanduniformlycooledaftermanufacturetoreleaseinternalstressesinducedbyunevencooling.Theword"induced"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)joined(B)missed(C)caused(D)lost193.Thebest-knownspecimensaretheremarkabletracksdiscoveredatLactoli,Tanzania,byMaryLeakey.Theword"remarkable"isclosestinmeaningtowhich(]ffollowing?(A)extraordinary(B)enormous(C)various(D)orderly194.Thepressuresexertedalongthefoot,togetherwiththelengthofstride,whichaveraged87centimeters,indicatedthatthehominidshadbeenwalkingslowly.Inshort,allthedetectablemorphologicalfeaturesimpliedthatthefeetthatleftthefootprintswereverylittledifferentfromthoseofcontemporaryhumans.Theword"exerted"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)influenced(B)叩plied(C)returned(D)lessened195.Fhestudyoffossilfootprintsisnotrestrictedtoexamplesfromsuchremoteperiods.Hundredsofprintsareknown,forexample,inFrenchcavesdatingfromtheendofthelasticeage,approximately10,000yearsago.

40Theword,,restrictednisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)limited(B)improved(B)shortly(C)alphabetically(D)infact(C)continued(D)succeeded211.Inplayinghot,amusicianconsciouslydepartsfromstrictmetertocreatearelaxedsenseofphrasingthatalsoemphasizesthe206.Thelivelihoodofeachspeciesinthevastandintricateassemblageoflivingthingsdependsontheexistenceofotherorganisms.Theword11intricate"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)difficult(B)widespreadunderlyingrhythms.Theword"consciously"isclosestinmeaningtowhich(rffollowing?(A)carelessly(B)easily(C)periodically(D)purposely(C)critical(D)complex212.Notalljazzishot,however;manyearlybandsplayedunadornedpublished207.Amultitudeofmicroorganisms(includingvirusesandbacteria)andanarmyofinvertebrates・・・Theexpression"anarmy"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)anillness(B)anattack(C)alargenumber(D)adistincttypearrangementsofpopularsongs.Theword''unadorned"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)lovely(B)plain(C)disorganized(D)inexpensive213.ThetightarrangementenabledtheMandanstoprotectthemselvesmoreeasily208.Membersoftheanimalkingdomhavedevelopedavarietyofdefensemechanismsfordealingwithparasites.Althoughthesemechanismsvaryconsiderably,allmajorgroupsofanimalsarecapableofdetectingandreactingtothepresenceof"foreign"cells.Theword"vary"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)differ(B)endure(C)balance(D)contributefromtheattacksofotherswhomightseektoobtainsomeofthefoodthesehighlycapablefarmersstoredfromoneyearstothenext.Theword"enabled"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)covered(B)reminded(C)helped(D)isolated214.Theyhadtoexerciseconsiderableskilltoproducethedesiredresults,fortheirnorthernlocationmeantfleetinggrowing209.Unimprovised,completelystructuredjazzdoesexist,buttheabilityofthebestjazzmusicianstocreatemusicofgreatcohesionandbeautyduringaperformancehasbeenahallmarkofthemusicanditsmajorsourceofinspirationandchange.Theword"cohesion"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)sorrow(B)fame(C)unity(D)vibrationseasons.Theword"considerable"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)planning(B)much(C)physical(D)new215.Thisgreencornwasboiled,dried,andshelled,withsomeofthemaizeslatedforimmediateconsumptionandthereststoredinanimal-skinbags.Theword"consumption"isclosestinmeaning210.Theseconddistinguishingcharacteristicofjazzisarhythmicdrivethatwasinitiallycalled"hot"andlater"swing."Theword"initially"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)atfirsttowhichoffollowing?(A)decay(B)planting(C)eating(D)conversion

41216.Withappropriatebankingoftheextrafood,theMandansprotectedthemselvesagainstthedisasterofcropfailureandaccompanyinghunger.Theword"disaster"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)control(B)catastrophe(C)avoidance(D)history217.Heliumnucleihavealsobeenfoundtobeconstituentsofcosmicraysthatfallontheearth(cosmic"rays"arenotreallyaformofradiation;theyconsistofrapidlymovingparticlesofnumerousdifferentkinds).Theword"constituents"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)relatives(B)causes(C)components(D)targets218.Itsrelativeabundanceneverseemstovarymuch.Insomeplaces,theremaybeslightlymoreofit;inothers,slightlyless,buttheratioofheliumtohydrogennucleialwaysremainsaboutthesame.Theword"vary"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)mean(B)stretch(C)change(D)include219.However,theamountofheliumthatcouldhavebeenproducedinthismannercanbecalculated,anditturnsouttobenomorethanafewpercent.Theword"calculated"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)ignored(B)converted(C)increased(D)determined220.Bythetimetheuniversewasafewminutesold,heliumproductionhaseffectivelyceased.Theword"ceased"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)extended(B)performed(C)takenhold(D)stopped221.WealthyandsociallyprominentsettlersmadequiltsoftheEnglishtype,cutfromlargelengthsofclothofthesamecolorandtextureratherthanstitchedtogetherfromsmallerpieces.Theword"prominent"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)isolated(B)concerned(C)generous(D)distinguished222.Thistermwasusuallyappliedtoafabricofwoolandlinenusedinheavyclothingandquiltedpetticoatsworninthewintertime.Thephrase"appliedto"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)sewnonto(B)comparedto(C)usedfor(D)writtendownon223.Rather,theyweremadeofatoplayerofwoolenorglazedworstedwoolfabric,consistingofsmooth,compactyarnfromlongwoolfibers,dyeddarkblue,green,orbrownwithabottomlayerofacoarserwoolenmaterial,eithernaturalorashadeofyellow.Theword"coarser"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)older(B)lessheavy(C)moreattractive(D)rougher224.Thelinsey-woolseycoveringwasfoundinthecolderregionsofthecountrybecauseofthewarmthitafforded.Theword"afforded"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)provided(B)spent(C)avoided(D)absorbed225.Growingtightlypackedtogetherandcollectivelyweavingadensecanopyofbranches,astandofredaldertreescantotallydominateasitetotheexclusionofalmosteverythingelse.Theword"dense"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)dark(B)tall(C)thick(D)broad226.Farmdwellersintheirisolationnotonlyfoundithardertolocatecompanionsinplaybutalso,thankstotheunendingdemandsandpressuresoftheirwork,feltitnecessarytocombinefunwithpurpose.Thephrase"'thanksto“isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)gratefulfor(B)helpwith(C)becauseof(D)machinesfor

42219.Themosteagerlyanticipatedsocialeventsweretheruralfairs.Hundredsofmen,women,andchildrenattendedfromfarandnear.Thephrase"eagerlyanticipated"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)wellorganized(B)old-fashioned(C)stronglyopposed(D)lookedforwardto220.Althoughthephlogistontheorywasself-consistent,itwasawkwardbecauseitrequiredthatimaginative,evenmysterious,propertiesbeascribedtophlogiston.Theword"properties"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)interpretations(B)locations(C)characteristics(D)virtues221.Althoughthephlogistontheorywasself-consistent,itwasawkwardbecauseitrequiredthatimaginative,evenmysterious,propertiesbeascribedtophlogiston.Thephrase"ascribedto"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)analyzedandisolatedin(B)returnedtotheiroriginalconditionin(C)assumedtobetrueof(E)diagrammedwith222.Intheeighteenthcentury,AntoineLavoisier,onthebasisofcarefulexperimentationwasledtoproposeadifferenttheoryofburning,onethatrequiredaconstituentofair-latershowntobeoxygen-forcombustion.Theword"constituent"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)component(B)opposite(C)principle(D)temperature223.Sincetheweightoftheoxygenisalwaysadded,theweightoftheproductsofcombustion,includingtheevolvedgases,wouldalwaysbegreaterthantheweightofthestartingmaterial.Theword"Since"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)later(B)because(C)during(D)although224.Ironproductionwasrevolutionizedintheearlyeighteenthcenturywhencokewasfirstusedinsteadofcharcoalforrefiningironore.Theword"revolutionized"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)quicklystarted(B)graduallyopened(C)dramaticallychanged(D)carefullyexamined225.Apartfromitslowcost,theappealofironasabuildingmateriallayinitsstrength,itsresistancetofire,anditspotentialtospanvastareas.Theword"appeal"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)adjustment(B)assignment(C)attraction(D)attempt226.Significantly,theuseofexposedironoccurredmainlyinthenewbuildingtypesspawnedbytheIndustrialRevolution:infactories,warehouses,commercialoffices,exhibitionhalls,andrailroadstations,whereitspracticaladvantagesfaroutweigheditslackofstatus.Theword"spawned"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)created(B)maintained(C)rejected(D)exposed227.Designersoftherailroadstationsofthenewageexploredthepotentialofiron,coveringhugeareaswithspansthatsurpassedthegreatvaultsofmedievalhurchesandcathedrals.Theword"surpassed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)imitated(B)exceeded(C)approached(D)included228.TheircompositionisthoughttobesimilartothatofEarth*sironcore,andindeedtheymighthaveoncemadeupthecoreofalargeplanetoidthatdisintegratedlongago.Theword"core"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)center(B)surface(C)mineral(D)field229.Whenmeteoritesfallonthecontinent,theyareembeddedinthemovingicesheets.Atplaceswheretheglaciersmoveupwardagainstmountainranges,meteoritesareleftexposedonthesurface.Theword"embedded"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)isolated(B)encased(C)enhanced

43(A)enlarged219.Thepale,smoothdesertplainprovidesaperfectbackdropforspottingmeteorites,whichareusuallydarkbrownofblack.Theword"spottingr,isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)removing(B)identifying(C)cooling(D)falling220.Apioneeringsetofexperimentshasbeenimportantintherevolutioninourunderstandingofanimalbehavior-arevolutionthaterodedthebehavioristdogmathatonlyhumanshaveminds.Theword"dogma"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)evaluation(B)proof(C)intention(D)belief221.Theseexperimentsweredesignedtodetectconsciousnessー・・Theword"detect^isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)imitatethebehaviorof(B)provideareasonfor(C)discoverthepresenceof(D)reportaneedfor222.Thescientificinvestigationofanexperienceasprivateasconsciousnessisfrustratinglybeyondtheusualtoolsoftheexperimentalpsychologist.Thismaybeonereasonthatmanyresearchershaveshiedawayfromthenotionofmindandconsciousnessinnonhumananimals.Thephrase"shiedawayfrom"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)approached(B)avoided(C)respected(D)allowed223.Gallup'reportoftheexperiment,publishedina1970article,wasamilestoneinourunderstandingofanimalminds,andpsychologistswonderedhowwidespreadself-recognitionwouldprovetobe.Theword"milestone"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)significantdevelopment(B)initialstep(C)universalconcept(D)obstructiontoprogress224.Biologicaldiversityhasbecomewidelyrecognizedasacriticalconservationissueonlyinthepasttwodecades.Theword"critic。ドisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)negative(B)essential(C)interesting(D)complicated225.Thehighrateofspeciesextinctionsintheseenvironmentsisjolting,butitisimportanttorecognizethesignificanceofbiologicaldiversityinallecosystems.Theword"jolting"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)predicted(B)shocking(C)unknown(D)illuminating226.However,nothinghaseverequaledthemagnitudeandspeedwithwhichthehumanspeciesisalteringthephysicalandchemicalworldanddemolishingtheenvironment.Theword"magnitude"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)concern(B)determination(C)carelessness(E)extent227.TheconservatismoftheearlyEnglishcolonistsinNorthAmerican,theirstrongattachmenttotheEnglishwayofdoingthings,wouldplayamajorpartinthefurniturethatwasmadeinNewEngland.Thephrase"attachmentto"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)controlof(B)distancefrom(C)curiosityabout(D)preferencefor228.Themortiseistheholechiseledandcutintoonepieceofwood,whilethetenonisthetongueofprotrudingelementshapedfromanotherpieceofwoodsothatitfitsintothemortise;andanothersmallholeisthendrilled(withtheauger)throughthemortisedendandthetenonsothatawhittledpegcansecurethejoint-thustheterm"joiner.欽?br/>Theword''protruding"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)parallel(B)simple(C)projecting(D)important229.Locksandescutcheonplates-thelattertoshieldthewoodfromthemetalkey-wouldoftenbeimported.Theword"shield"inline23closestinmeaningto(A)decorate

44(B)copy(C)shape(D)protect219.Theestablishmentofthesepostsopenednewroadsandprovidedfortheprotectionofdaringadventurersandexpeditionsaswellasestablishedsettlers.Theword"daring"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)lost(B)bold(C)lively(D)foolish220.Throughoutthewilderness,postbandsprovidedentertainmentandboostedmorale.Theword"boosted"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)influenced(B)established(C)raised(D)maintained221.Itslowedconstructionoffortsandinhibitedtheirmilitaryfunction.Theword"inhibited"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)involved(B)exploited(C)united(D)hindered222.Anyonewhohashandledafossilizedboneknowsthatitisusuallynotexactlylikeitsmoderncounterpart,themostobviousdifferencebeingthatitisoftenmuchheavier.Theword"counterpart'isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)species(B)version(C)change(D)material223.Butitisawronginterpretation;fossilsarefrequentlysodensebecausetheporesandotherspacesinthebonehavebecomefilledwithmineralstakenupfromthesurroundingsediments.Theword"pores"isclosestinmeaningtowhichciffollowing?(A)joints(B)tissues(C)lines(D)holes224.Althoughnothingremainsoftheoriginalcollagen,someofitscomponentaminoacidsareusuallystilldetectable,togetherwithaminoacidsofthenoncollagenproteinsofbone.Theword"detectable"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)sizable(B)active(C)moist(D)apparent225.InspiteofHunt'sinvitingfacade,thelivingspacewasawkwardlyarranged.Thosewhocouldaffordthemwerequitecontenttoreunioninthemoresumptuous,single-familyhomes,leavingtheStuyvesanttoyoungmarriedcouplesandbachelors.Theword"inviting"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)open(B)encouraging(C)attractive(D)asking226.Thosewhocouldaffordthemwerequitecontenttoreunioninthemoresumptuous,single-familyhomes,leavingtheStuyvesanttoyoungmarriedcouplesandbachelors.Theword"sumptuous"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)luxurious(B)unique(C)modern(D)distant227.Thelotcouldalsoaccommodatearectangulartenement,thoughitcouldnotyieldthesquare,well-lighted,andlogicallyarrangedroomsthatgreatapartmentbuildingsrequire.Theword“yield"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)harvest(B)surrender(C)amount(D)provide228.Asnowfallconsistsofmyriadsofminuteicecrystalsthatfalltothegroundintheformoffrozenprecipitation.Theword',miniitenisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)tiny(B)quick(C)clear(D)sharp229.Theprocesscanbeveryrapid,quicklycreatingsizableicecrystals,someofwhichadheretoeachothertocreateaclusteroficecrystalsorasnowflake.Theword"adhere"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)belong(B)relate(C)stick(D)speed

45219.Inaddition,mountainoussectionsorrisingterraincaninitiatesnowfallsbythegeographicalliftingofamoistairstream.Theword"initiate"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)enhance(B)alter(C)increase(D)begin220.Itdissolves,transports,andprecipitatesmanychemicalcompoundsandisconstantlymodifyingthefaceoftheEarth.Evaporatedfromtheoceans,watervaporformsclouds,someofwhicharetransportedbywindoverthecontinents.Theword''modifying°isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)changing(B)traveling(C)describing(D)destroying221.Thislastfigureshowstheimportanceoftheoceanastheprincipalreservoirofthehydrospherebutalsotherapidityofwatertransportonthecontinents.Thewordnrapidity"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)significance(B)method(C)swiftness(D)reliability222.Theerosionofthecontinentsthusresultsfromtwocloselylinkedandinterdependentprocesses,chemicalerosionandmechanicalerosion.Theirrespectiveinteractionsandefficiencydependondifferentfactors.Theword"efficiency"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)relationship(B)growth(C)influence(D)effectiveness223.AmongthespeciesofseabirdsthatusethewindsweptcliffsoftheAtlanticcoastofCanadainthesummertomate,layeggs,andreartheiryoungarecommonmurres,Atlanticpuffins,black-leggedkittiwakes,andnortherngannets.Theword"rear''isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)visit(B)watch(C)reverse(D)raise224.Theadvantageofnestingoncliffsistheimmunityitgivesfromfoxes,whichcannotscalethesheerrocks,andfromravensandotherspeciesofgulls,whichhavedifficultyinlandingonnarrowledgestostealeggs.Theword"scale"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)climb(B)avoid(C)approach(D)measure225.Thisimmunityhasbeenfollowedbyarelaxationofthedefenses,andkittiwakesdonotreacttopredatorsnearlyasfiercelyasdoground-nestinggulls.Theword"immunity"isclosestinmeaningtowhich(rffollowing?(A)distance(B)transition(C)protection(D)reminder226.Kittiwakesdefecateovertheedgeofthenest,whichkeepsitclean,butthispractice,aswellastheirtendencytoleavethenestlitteredwitheggshells,makesitslocationveryconspicuous.Theword"conspicuous"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)disordered(B)suspicious(C)noticeable(D)appealing227.Ontheotherhand,nestingonanarrowledgehasitsownpeculiarproblems,andkittiwakebehaviorhasbecomeadaptedtoovercomethem.Thephrase"Ontheotherhand"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)therefore(B)however(C)forexample(D)bynomeans228.Throughoutthenineteenthcenturyandintothetwentieth,citizensoftheUnitedStatesmaintainedabiasagainstbigcities.Theword"bias"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)diagonal(B)slope(C)distortion(D)prejudice229.Thesenewurbanites,alreadyconvincedthatcitieswereoverwhelmedwithgreatproblems,eagerlyembracedtheprogressivereformsthatpromisedtobringorderoutofthechaosofthecity.Theword"embraced"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)suggested

46(A)overestimated(B)demanded(C)welcomed219.Reformersfearedthattheprivatelyownedutilitycompanieswouldchargeexorbitantratesfortheseessentialservicesanddeliverthemonlytopeoplewhocouldaffordthem.Theword"exorbitant"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)additional(B)expensive(C)various(D)modified220.Proponentsofthesereformsarguedthatpublicownershipandregulationwouldinsurewidespreadaccesstotheseutilitiesandguaranteeafairprice.Theword"Proponents"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)Experts(B)Pioneers(C)Reviewers(D)Supporters221.By1776thefineartofpaintingasithaddevelopedinwesternEuropeuptothistimehadbeenintroducedintotheAmericancoloniesthroughbooksandprints,Europeanvisitorsandimmigrants,andtravelingcolonistswhobroughtbackcopiesofoldmasterpaintingsandacquaintancewithEuropeanartinstitutions.BytheoutbreakoftheRevolutionagainstBritishrulein1776,thestatusoftheartisthadalreadyundergonechange.Theword"outbreak"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)cause(B)beginning(C)position(D)explanationTheword"undergone"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)ledto(B)transformed(C)preferred(D)experienced274.Somecolonialurbanportraitist,suchasJohnSingletonCopley,BenjaminWest,andCharlesWillsonPeale,consortedwithaffluentpatrons.Theword"consorted"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)madedecisions(B)studied(C)agreed(D)associated275.Althoughsubjecttofluctuationsintheireconomicstatus,allthreeenjoyedsufficientpatronagetoallowthemtomaintainanimageofthemselvesasprofessionalartists,animageindicatedbytheircustomofsigningtheirpaintings.Theword"sufficient"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)adequate(B)temporary(C)friendly(D)expensive276.Therailroadsimultaneouslystrippedthelandscapeofthenaturalresources,madevelocityoftransportandeconomyofscalenecessarypartsofindustrialproduction,andcarriedconsumergoodstohouseholds;itdispatchedimmigrantstounsettledplaces,drewemigrantsawayfromfarmsandvillagestocities,andsentmenandgunstobattle.Theword"drew"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)obliged(B)designed(C)helped(D)attracted277.Itstandardizedtimeandtravel,seekingtoannihilatedistanceandspacebyallowingmovementatanytimeandinanyseasonortypeofweather.Theword"annihilate"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)conquer(B)utilize(C)separate(D)mechanize278.Moreover,inadditiontoitsbeingatransportationpathwayequippedwithamammothphysicalplantoftrackssignals,crossings,bridges,andjunctions,plustelegraphandtelephonelinestherailroadnurturedfactorycomplexes,coatpiles,warehouses,andgeneratingstations,formingalongitsright-of-waywhathasaptlybeencalled"themetropolitancorridor"oftheAmericanlandscape.Theword"Moreover"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)consequently(B)furthermore(C)although(D)becauseTheword"aptly"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(E)appropriately(F)virtually(G)consistently(H)incessantly

47274.TheNativeAmericansofnorthernCaliforniawerehighlyskilledatbasketry,usingthereeds,grasses,barks,androotstheyfoundaroundthemtofashionarticlesofallsortsandsizes-notonlytrays,containers,andcookingpots,buthats,boats,fishtraps,babycarriers,andceremonialobjects.Theword"fashion"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)maintain(B)organize(C)trade(D)create275.Inaddition,theymadeusedoffourdistinctvariationsonthebasictwiningprocess,oftenemployingmorethanoneoftheminasinglearticle.Theword"article"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)decoration(B)shape(C)design(D)object276.Thoughothermaterialsweresometimesused,thesefourwerethestaplesintheirfinestbasketry.Theword"staples"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)combinations(B)limitations(C)accessories(D)basicelements277.EveryPornobasketmakerknewhowtoproducefromfifteentotwentydistinctpatternsthatcouldbecombinedinanumberofdifferentways.Theword"distinct"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)systematic(B)beautiful(C)different(D)compatible278.Periodically,moltenmaterialwellsoutoftheEarth'sinteriortoinvadethesurfacelayersortoflowontothesurfaceitself.Theword"invade"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)moveinto(B)neutralize(C)cover(D)deposit279.Granitemaybefoundonthesurfaceofthecontemporarylandscape,butfromitscoarsetextureweknowthatitmusthaveformedthroughslowcoolingatagreatdepthandlaterbeenlaidbarebyerosion.Theword"contemporary"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)vast(B)natural(C)existing(D)uneven280.Themostfinelygrainedigneousrockisvolcanicglassorobsidian,whichhasnocrystals.Theword"finely"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)minutely(B)loosely(C)sensitively(D)purely

48areallsimilarintheiressentialaspects.286.Itwasinthecitiesthattheelementsthatcanbeassociatedwithmoderncapitalismfirstappeared-theuseofmoneyandcommercialpaperinplaceofbarter,opencompetitioninplaceofsocialdeferenceandhierarchy,withanattendantriseinsocialdisorder,andtheappearanceoffactoriesusingcoalorwaterpowerinplaceofindependentcraftspeopleworkingwithhandtools.Thephrase"inplaceofisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)connectedto(B)inadditionto(C)becauseof(D)insteadofTheword"essential"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)introductory(B)changeable(C)beneficial(D)fundamental291.Next,thepertinentconsiderationsthatwillbeaffectedbyeachdecisionarelisted,andtherelativeimportanceofeachconsiderationorconsequenceisdetermined.Theword"pertinent"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)relevant(B)preceding(C)insightfulTheword"attendant"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)avoidable(B)accompanying(C)unwelcome(D)unexpected(D)responsive292.Adecision-makingworksheetbeginswithasuccinctstatementoftheproblemthatwillalsohelptonarrowit.Itisimportanttobeclearaboutthedistinctionbetweenlong-rangeandimmediategoalsbecauselong-rangegoals287.ExceptforBoston,whosepopulationstabilizedatabout16,000in1760,citiesgrewbyexponentialleapsthroughtheeighteenthcentury.Thephrase"exponentialleaps"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)longwars(B)newlawsofteninvolveadifferentdecisionthanshort-rangeones.Theword"succinct"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)creative(B)satisfactory(C)personal(D)concise(C)rapidincreases(D)excitingchanges293.Focusingonlong-rangegoals,agraduatingstudentmightrevisethequestion288.Thequalityofthehinterlanddictatedthepaceofgrowthofthecities.Theword"dictated"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)spoiled(B)reduced(C)determined(D)dividedaboveto"WhatwillIdoaftergraduationthatwillleadtoasuccessfulcareer?"Theword"revise"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)ask(B)explain(C)change(D)predict289.ThelandsurroundingBostonhadalwaysbeenpoorfarmcountry,andbythemid-eighteenthcenturyitwasvirtuallystrippedofitstimber.Theavailablefarmlandwasoccupied;therewaslittleintheregionbeyondthecitytoattractimmigrants.Theword"virtually"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)usually(B)hardly(C)veryquickly(D)almostcompletely294.TheecosystemsoftheEarthprovideanarrayoffreepublicservicesthatareessentialforthesupportofcivilizations.Theword"array"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)largenumber(B)excess(C)requirement(D)model295.Theydoknow,however,thatthetheoryonceadvancedinthenineteenthcentury・・・thattheproductivityofthelandcanbe290.Althoughthereareseveralvariationsontheexactformatthatworksheetcantake,theyinfinitelyincreasedbytheapplicationofcapital,labor,andscience--iswrong.

49Theword"advanced11isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)debated(B)ignored(C)proved(D)proposed296.Tworeasonsareusuallyadvancedtoaccountforthistardydevelopment,namely,thementaldifficultiesandthephysicaldifficultiesencounteredinsuchwork.Theword"tardy"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)historical(B)basic(C)unusual(D)late297.Thefirstofthese,thementaldifficulties,mustbesomewhatdiscounted.Theimpressionthattheancientnumeralsystemsarenotamenabletoeventhesimplestcalculationsislargelybasedonlackoffamiliaritywiththesesystems.Theword"discounted"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)reduced(B)contradicted(C)disregarded(D)interpreted298.Withoutaplentifulandconvenientsupplyofsomesuitablewritingmedium,anyveryextendeddevelopmentofthearithmeticprocesswasboundtobehampered.Theword"hampered"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)impeded(B)concluded(C)unnoticed(D)rejected299.InthecoreoftheSun,thepressuresaresogreatagainstthegasesthat,despitethehightemperature,theremaybeasmallsolidcore.Theword"great"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)dangerous(B)unknown(C)variable(D)strong300.Thecoronaisabrilliant,pearlywhite,filmylight,aboutasbrightasthefullMoon.Itsbeautifulraysareasensationalsightduringaneclipse.Thecorona'sraysflashoutinabrilliantfanthathaswispyspikelikeraysneartheSun'snorthandsouthpoles.Theword"sensational"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)spectacular(B)predictable(C)bizarre(D)constant301.Shealsophotographsawayfromherstudioatvariousarchitecturalsites,bringingcamera,lights,mirrors,andacrewofassistantstotransformthesiteintoherownabstractimage.Theword"transform"isclosestinmeaningtowhichciffollowing?(A)move(B)extend(C)change(D)interpret302.Atfirstsheworksonlywithobjects,concentratingontheircomposition;thenshelightsthemandaddscolorfromlightscoveredwithcoloredfilters.Theword"composition"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)arrangement(B)brightness(C)quality(D)size303.Shevisitseachlocationseveraltimestomakesketchesandtestshots.Untilshebringsinthelights,however,shecannotpredictexactlywhattheywilldototheimage,sothereissomeimprovisingonthespot.Theword"shots"isclosestinmeaningtowhichc)ffollowing?(A)injections(B)photographs(C)loudnoises(D)effectiveremarks304.Withitsradiantcolorandplantlikeshape,theseaanemonelooksmorelikeaflowerthanananimal.Theword"shape"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)length(B)grace(C)form(D)nature305.Theupperendoftheseaanemonehasamouthsurroundedbytentaclesthattheanimalusestocaptureitsfood.Theword"capture"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)catch(B)control(C)cover

50(A)clean296.Whendisturbed,aseaanemoneretractsitstentaclesandshortensitsbodysothatitresemblesalumponarock.Theword"retracts"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)pullsback(B)relaxes(C)reproduces(D)liftsup297.Thefirstsuchattempt,theambitiousProjectMohole,gotunderwayduringthe1960'sandprovedthevalueofdeep-seadrillingbymakingseveraltestholesinthemantlebeneaththecrustbeforespiralingcostsledtoitscancellation.Theword"spiraling"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)rising(B)necessary(C)unpredictable(D)circular298.Soonafterward,however,workbeganonthemoremodestDeepSeaDrillingProject,whichisnotaimedatreachingthemantlebutatexploringthecrustitself.Theexpression"moremodest"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)moresophisticated(B)moretimid(C)lessambitious(D)lesscontroversial299.Thisventureusesaspecialship,theGlomarChallenger,whichcanbeheldpreciselyinpositioninthesea---withoutanyanchor--bysound-waveguidingsystemsandcomputer-controlledpropellers.Theword"precisely"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)exactly(B)clearly(C)economically(D)practically300.Throughoutthecolonialperiodtherewasamarkedshortageofwomen,whichvariedwiththeregionsandwasalwaysgreatestinthefrontierareas.Theword"marked"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)underlined(B)graded(C)prolonged(D)distinct301.Puritantowncouncilsexpectedwidowsandunattachedwomentobeself-supportingandforalongtimeprovidedneedyspinsterswithparcelsofland.Thephrase"unattachedwomen"isclosestinmeaningtowhich(}ffollowing?(A)womenwithouthighsocialstatus(B)womenwithoutproperty(C)unmarriedwomen(D)unemployedwomen302.TheartisanwhomakespotteryinNorthAmericatodayutilizeshisorherskillandimaginationtocreateitemsthatarebeautifulaswellasfunctional,transformingsomethingordinaryintosomethingspecialandunique.Theword"functional"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)useful(B)strong(C)inexpensive(D)original303.ThepotterusesoneoftheEarth*smostbasicmaterials:clay.Claycanbefoundalmostanywhere.Theword"basic"isclosestinmeaningtowhich(iffollowing?(A)familiar(B)fundamental(D)dirty304.Theythenpourontheliquidglazeandletitrunovertheclaysurface,makinganykindofdecorativepatternthattheywant.Theword"pattern"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)model(B)color(C)puzzle(D)design305.Horsesliveinamonochromeworld.Lightvisibletohumaneyes,however,occupiesonlyaverynarrowbandinthewholeelectromagneticspectrum.Theword"monochrome"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)monotonous(B)ultraviolet(C)one-dimension(D)one-color306.Theworldwouldlookeerilydifferentifhumaneyesweresensitivetoinfra-redradiation.Theword"eerily"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?

51(A)strangely(B)increasingly(C)slightly(D)superficially322.Withencouragementfromthepark,locallandownersinitiatedaland-useplanningefforttoguidethefutureoftheNorthFork.Thewordninitiated"isclosestinmeaningto317.Theyare,infact,remarkablydiscerningincolorgradation.Thecolorsensitivityofnormalhumanvisionisrarelysurpassedevenbysophisticatedtechnicaldevices.Theword"surpassed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?whichoffollowing?(A)started(B)requested(C)purchased(D)considered(A)recorded(B)exceeded(C)found(D)provided323.ThewillingnessoflocallandownerstoparticipateinthisprotectioneffortmayhavebeenstimulatedbyconcernsthatCongresswouldimposealegislativesolution.Theword"stimulated"isclosestinmeaningto318.Once,justbeforehedied,whenhewassickwiththeflu,Itookhimasackfulloforanges.ThejoyIfeltingivingthatsimplegiftisundiminishedbytime.Hesaidhelikedoranges,too.**Theword"undiminished”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)notexaggerated(B)notlessenedwhichc)ffollowing?(A)motivated(B)anticipated(C)substituted(D)undermined324.Nevertheless,manylocalresidentswanttoretaintheexistingthecharacterofthearea.Thewordnretain"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(D)unequaled(A)preserve(B)possess319.Andhewaskindtome;1willalwaysbegratefulthatinhisabsolutewarmthandgenerosityhefulfilledmydeepestdream(andneed)ofwhatapoetshouldbe."Theword"dream"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)nightmare(B)expectation(C)sleep(D)misconception(C)enjoy(D)improve325.ThereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethodsTheword"divergent'1isclosestinmeaningtowhichc)ffollowing?(A)different(B)distributed(C)recorded320."AftermyfirstmeetingwithLangstonHughes1vowed1wouldwriteabookabouthimforchildrensomeday.Theword"vowed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)confided(B)b

52plantsinthewildwouldbegintofadeaway.Theword"controlled"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)abundant(B)managed(C)required(D)advanced328.Thiscentury,theworkofcognitivepsychologistshasilluminatedthesubtleformsofdailylearningonwhichintellectualprogressdepends.Theword"illuminated"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)illustrated(B)accepted(C)clarified(D)lighted329.Theyhavealsosuggestedthattheveryconceptofabstractnumbers-theideaofaoneness,atwoness,athreenessthatappliestoanyclassofobjectsandisaprerequisitefordoinganythingmoremathematicallydemandingthansettingatable-isitselffarfrominnate.Theword"prerequisite"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)reason(B)theory(C)requirement(D)technique330.Thedropletsoricecrystalsincloudsareexceedinglysmall.Theeffectofgravityonthemisminute.Aircurrentsmoveandliftdropletssothatthenetdownwarddisplacementiszero,eventhoughthedropletsareinconstantmotion.Theword"minute"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)second(B)tiny(C)slow(D)steady331.Aircurrentsmoveandliftdropletssothatthenetdownwarddisplacementiszero,eventhoughthedropletsareinconstantmotion.Theword"motion"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)wind(B)change(C)movement(D)humidity332.Tothecasualobserver,dustseemstoactinatotallyrandomfashion,movingaboutchaoticallywithoutfixeddirection.Theword"random"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)unpredictable(B)perplexing(C)independent(D)abnormal333.Duringthe1920'sshewaseditorofTheDial,animportantliterarymagazineoftheperiod.Theword"period"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)movement(B)school(C)region(D)timesucceedinggenerationsofpoetsandreaders.Theword"succeeding"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(E)inheriting(F)prospering(G)diverse(H)later334.TheSouthwesthasalwaysbeenadrycountry,wherewaterisscarce.TheHopiandZunibroughtwaterfromstreamstotheirfieldsandgardensthroughirrigationditches.Theword"scarce"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)limited(B)hidden(C)pure(D)necessary335.Liketreerootsbreakingupasidewalk,thegrowingcrystalsexertpressureontherockandeventuallyprytherockapartalongplanesofweakness,suchasbandinginmetamorphicrocks,beddinginsedimentaryrocks,orpreexistingorincipientfractions,andalongboundariesbetweenindividualmineralcrystalsorgrains.Theword"exert"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)put(B)reduce(C)replace(D)control336.Arockdurableenoughtohavewithstoodnaturalconditionsforaverylongtimeinotherareascouldprobablybeshatteredintosmallpiecesbysaltweatheringwithinafewgenerations.Theword"durable"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)large

53(A)strong(B)flexible(C)pressuredTheword"shattered"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(D)arranged(E)dissolved(F)brokenapart(G)gatheredtogether328.ThedominantsaltinDeathValleyishalite,orsodiumchloride,butothersalts,mostlycarbonatesandsulfates,alsocausepryingandwedging,asdoesordinaryice.Theword"dominant"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)mostrecent(B)mostcommon(C)leastavailable(D)leastdamaging329.OverlandtransportintheUnitedStateswasstillextremelyprimitivein1790.Roadswerefewandshort,usuallyextendingfrominlandcommunitiestothenearestrivertownorseaport.Theword"primitive"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)unsafe(B)unknown(C)inexpensive(D)undeveloped330.Nearlyallinterstatecommercewascarriedoutbysailingshipsthatservedthebaysandharborsoftheseaboard.Yet,in1790thenationwasonthethresholdofaneweraofroaddevelopment.Thephrase"onthethresholdof*inline4and5isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)inneedof(B)inplaceof(C)atthestartof(D)withthepurposeof331.Thecompanybuiltagravelroadwithintwoyears,andthesuccessoftheLancasterPikeencouragedimitation.Northernstatesgenerallyreliedonprivatecompaniestobuildtheirtollroads,butVirginiaconstructedanetworkatpublicexpense.Theword"imitation"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)investment(B)suggestion(C)increasing(D)copying332.Itspeoplesbecamegreattraders,barteringjewellery,pottery,animalpelts,tools,andothergoodsalongextensivetradingnetworksthatstretchedupanddowneasternNorthAmericaandasfarwestastheRockyMountains.Theword"bartering"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)producing(B)exchanging(C)transporting(D)loading333.Overthenextcenturies,itwassupplantedbyanotherculture,theMississippian,namedaftertheriveralongwhichmanyofitsearliestvillageswerelocated.Theword"supplanted"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)conquered(B)preceded(C)replaced(D)imitated334.Mostofthesetownsboastedatleastonemajorflat-toppedmoundonwhichstoodatemplethatcontainedasacredflame.Onlypriestsandthosechargedwithguardingtheflamecouldenterthetemples.Thephrase"chargedwith"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)passedon(B)experiencedat(C)interestedin(D)assignedto335.Printmakingisthegenerictermfbranumberofprocesses,ofwhichwoodcutandengravingaretwoprimeexamples.Theword"prime"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)principal(B)complex(C)general(D)recent336.Engraving,whichgrewoutofthegoldsmith'sart,originatedinGermanyandnorthernItalyinthemiddleofthefifteenthcentury.Itisanintaglioprocess(fromItalianintagliare,"tocarve").Theimageisincisedintoahighlypolishedmetalplate,usuallycopper,withacuttinginstrument,orburin.Theword"incised"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)burned(B)cut(C)framed

54(A)baked328.Bothwoodcutandengravinghavedistinctivecharacteristics.Engravinglendsitselftosubtlemodelingandshadingthroughtheuseoffinelines.Theword"distinctive"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)unique(B)accurate(C)irregular(D)similar329.Bothmethodscanyieldseveralhundredgood-qualityprintsbeforetheoriginalblockorplatebeginstoshowsignsofwear.Theword"yield"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)imitate(B)produce(C)revise(D)contrast330.Butnotallanimalparents,eventhosethattendtheiroffspringtothepointofhatchingorbirth,feedtheiryoung.Theword"tend"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)siton(B)move(C)notice(D)carefor331.Fewinsectsfeedtheiryoungafterhatching,butsomemakeotherarrangement,provisioningtheircellsandnestswithcaterpillarsandspidersthattheyhaveparalyzedwiththeirvenomandstoredinastateofsuspendedanimationsothattheirlarvaemighthaveasupplyoffreshfoodwhentheyhatch.Theword"provisioning"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)supplying(B)preparing(C)building(D)expanding332.Foranimalsotherthanmammals,then,feedingisnotintrinsictoparentalcare.Animalsaddittotheirreproductivestrategiestogivethemanedgeintheirlifelongquestfordescendants.Theword"edge"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)opportunity(B)advantage(C)purpose(D)rest333.Youngthatarefedbytheirparentsbecomenutritionallyindependentatamuchgreaterfractionoftheirfulladultsize.Andinthemeantimethoseyoungareshieldedagainstthevagariesoffluctuatingofdifficult-to-findsupplies.Theword"shielded"isclosestinmeaningtowhich(jffollowing?(A)raised(B)protected(C)hatched(D)valued334.Asecond,moredenseatmosphere,however,graduallyenvelopedEarthasgassesfrommoltenrockswithinitshotinteriorescapedthroughvolcanoesandsteamvents.Theword"enveloped"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)surrounded(B)changed(C)escaped(D)characterized335.Withmuchofthewatervaporalreadycondensedintowaterandtheconcentrationofcarbondioxidedwindling,theatmospheregraduallybecamerichnitrogen.Theword"gradually"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)accidentally(B)quickly(C)intheend(D)bydegrees336.Atanyrate,plantgrowthgreatlyenrichedouratmospherewithoxygen.Thereasonforthisenrichmentisthatplants,inthepresenceofsunlight,processcarbondioxideandwatertoproduceoxygen.Theword''Atanyrate"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)regardless(B)inaddition(C)althoughunlikely(D)fortunately337.Over25,000islandsarescatteredacrossthesurfaceofthePacific,morethaninalltheotheroceanscombined,buttheirlandareaaddsuptolittlemorethan125,000squarekilometers,aboutthesizeofNewYorkState,andtheirinhabitantstotallessthantwomillionpeople,aboutaquarterofthenumberthatliveinNewYorkCity.Theword"scattered"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)widelyknown

55(B)usuallyestimated(C)rarelyinhabited(D)irregularlydistributed360.Unlikeothermembersoftheplantkingdom,lichensareactuallyapartnershipbetweentwoplants.Theframeworkofalichenisusuallyanetworkofminutehairlike356.Manyareuninhabitable,byvirtueoftheirsmallsizeandparticularcharacteristics,buteventhemostfavoredareveryisolatedfragmentsofland,strictlycircumscribedbytheocean,strictlylimitedintermsofthenumbersofpeopletheycansupport.Thephrase''byvirtueofisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)regarding(B)becauseof(C)takingadvantageof(D)inplaceoffungusthatanchorstheplant.Theword"framework"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)structure«B(C)condition(D)environment361.Whenwaterisscarce(asisoftenthecaseonamountain),lichensmaybecomedormantandremaininthatconditionforprolongedperiodsoftime.Theword"prolonged"isclosestinmeaningtoTheword"'circumscribed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)located(B)flooded(C)restricted(D)pushedwhichoffollowing?(A)precise(B)extended(C)approximate(D)regular362.Fordecades,scientistswonderedhowthe357.Simplysurvivingthoseoceancrossingsofindeterminatelength,inopencanoes,toarriveontheshoresofuninhabitedandhithertounknownislands,wasaformidableachievement.Theword"indeterminate"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)undecided(B)uncertain(C)unacceptable(D)increasingoffspringofanalgaandafungusgottogethertoformanewlichen;itseemedunlikelythattheywouldjusthappentoencounteroneanother.Theword"encounter"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)lose(B)support(C)meet(D)create363.Newberynotwithstanding,Americans358.TheRosettastonethwartedscholars'effortsforseveraldecadesuntiltheearlynineteenthcenturywhenseveralkeyhieroglyphicphrasesweredecodedusingtheGreekinscriptions.Theword"thwarted"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)continued(B)influenced(C)encouraged(D)frustratedstilllookedonchildren'sbooksasvehiclesforinstruction,notamusement,thoughtheywouldacceptamoderateamountoffictionalentertainmentforthesakeofmoresuccessfulinstruction.Theword"notwithstanding"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)inspiteof(B)inadditionto(C)asaresultof(D)asapartof359.Lichens,probablythehardiestofallplants,livewherevirtuallynothingelsecan---notjustonruggedmountainpeaksbutalsoonsunbakeddesertrocks.Theword"hardest"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)mostunusual(B)mostbasic(C)mostabundant(D)mostvigorous364.Asthechildren'sbookmarketexpanded,then,whatbothpublicandpublisherswantedwasthekindoffictionMariaEdgeworthwrote:storiesinterestingenoughtoattractchildrenandmorallyinstructiveenoughtoallayadultdistrustoffiction.Theword"allay"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)clarify(B)attack(C)reduce

56(D)confirm(A)exceptionally(B)dramatically365.Thecharactersofchildreninthisfictionwereserious,conscientious,self-reflective,andindependent■—strong>testimonytothe(C)eventually(D)unfortunatelycontinuinginfluenceoftheearlierAmericanmoralistictraditioninchildren'sbooks.Theword''testimonyto"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)inspirationfor(B)evidenceof(C)requirementfor(D)developmentof371.Oneofthebest-knownexamplesofmassextinctionoccurred65millionyearsagowiththedemiseofdinosaursandmanyotherformsoflife.Theword"demise"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)change(B)recovery(C)help366.TheMoon,whichhasundergoneadistinctandcomplexgeologicalhistorypresentsastrikingappearance.Theword"undergone"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)altered(B)substituted(C)experienced(D)preserved(D)death372.Oneinteresting,andcontroversial,findingisthatextinctionsduringthepast250millionyearshavetendedtobemoreintenseevery26millionyears.Theword"finding"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)publishedinformation(B)researchmethod367.ItisnowknownthatthevastmajorityoftheMoon'scraterswereformedbytheimpactofsolidbodieswiththelunarsurface.Theword"vast"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)special(B)Known(C)varied(D)great(C)ongoingexperiment(D)scientificdiscovery(E).Eventhenameisanepithet,asynonymforthestunted,thescruffy,theinsignificant,whatisbeautifulaboutsuchaplace?Theword"insignificant"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)unimportant(B)undisturbed368.Theterm"latentheat"referstotheenergythathastobeusedtoconvertliquidwatertowatervapor.Theword"convert"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)mix(B)change(C)ad叩t(D)reduce(C)immature(D)inappropriate374.Potter,forinstance,founditconvenienttolocatetheirworkshopsneartheirsourceofclay,regardlessofitsrelationtothecenterofsettlement.Thephrase"regardlessof"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)asaresultof369.Intheatmosphere,alargeportionoftheSun'sincomingenergyisusedtoevaporatewater,primarilyinthetropicaloceans.(B)nomatterwhat(C)proudof(D)accordingtoTheword"primarily"intheline19isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)chiefly(B)originally(C)basically(D)clearly375.ThetechniquesofpotterymanufacturehadevolvedwellbeforetheGreekperiod,butmarkedstylisticdevelopmentsoccurredinshapeandindecoration,forexample,intheinterplayofblackandotherglazeswiththeredsurfaceofthefiredpot.370.Otherspeciesmaybecomebetteradaptedtoanenvironment,resultingincompetitionand,ultimately,inthedeathofaspecies.Theword"ultimately"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?Theword"marked"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)original(B)attractive(C)noticeable

57(D)patterned376.Thebroadutilityofterra-cottawassuchthatworkersinclaycouldgenerallyaffordtoconfinethemselvestoeitherdecoratedwareandhousewareslikecookingpotsandstoragejarsorbuildingmaterialslikerooftilesanddrainpipes.Theword"confine"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)adapt(B)train(C)restrict(D)organize377.Somesixth-andfifth-centuryB.C.Athenianpotteryestablishmentsareknowntohaveconcentratedonalimitedrangeoffineware,butaruralpotteryestablishmentontheislandofThasosproducedmanytypesofpotteryandrooftilestoo,presumablytomeetlocaldemand.Theword''presumably"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)frequently(B)practically(C)preferably(D)probably378.Theexpenseofmovingafamilytotheever-recedingfrontierexceededthemeansofmany,andthecostoftoolsdraftanimals,awagon,awell,fencing,andofbuildingthesimplesthouse,mightcometo$1,(XX)---aformidablebarrier.Theword"formidable"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)obvious(B)predictable(C)difficult(D)manageable379.Homesteadersusuallycamefromdistrictsnotfarremovedfromfrontierconditions.Anddespitetheintentofthelaw,speculatorsoftenmanagedtoobtainlargetracts.Theword"intent"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)purpose(B)power(C)effect(D)invention380.Thesmoothoperationofanantcolonydependsontentotwentydifferentsignals,mostofwhicharepheromones(chemicalsignalstriggeringbehavioralresponses).Thephrase"smoothoperation"isclosestinmeaningtowhicherffollowing?(A)dailyactivity(B)effectivefunctioning(C)delicatebalance(D)permanentlocation381.Thesimpleoftheseisthecarbondioxidefromtherespirationofanantcluster,achemicalthatactspheromonetopromoteaggregation.Theword"cluster"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)organ(B)activity(C)group(D)cycle382.Fireantsalsomakeuseofanalarmpheromonetoalertworkerstoanemergency,andtheirscoutslaydownatrailpheromoneasaguideduringmassmigrations.Theword"alert"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)allow(B)transport(C)warn(D)provide383.Afireantqueenemitsachemicalsignalthatidentifieshertothecolony*sworkers.Theyrespondbyscurryingtogatheraroundher.Thedecomposingcorpseofadeadantalsogeneratesasignal,towhichworkersrespondbyeliminatingthecorpsefromthenest.Theword"scurrying"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)agreeing(B)appearing(C)competing(D)rushing384.Riversalsorevealclayalongtheirbanks,anderosiononahillsidemaymakeclayeasilyaccessible.Theword"accessible"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)buried(B)improved(C)available(D)workable385.Variationsofclaycompositionandthetemperaturesatwhichtheyarefiredaccountforthedifferencesintextureandappearancebetweenachinateacupandanearthenwareflowerpot.Thephrase"accountfor"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)reduce(B)explain(C)combinewith(D)listallof386.Oneresearcherobservedbabiesandtheirmothersinsixdiverseculturesandfoundthat,inallsixlanguages,themothersusedsimplifiedsyntax,shortutterancesandnonsensesounds,andtransformedcertainsoundsintobabytalk.

58Theword"diverse"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)surrounding(B)divided(C)different(D)stimulating379.Otherinvestigatorshavenotedthatwhenmotherstalktobabieswhoareonlyafewmonthsold,theyexaggeratethepitch,loudness,andintensityoftheirwords.Theword"noted"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)theorized(B)requested(C)disagreed(D)observed380.Theyalsoexaggeratetheirfacialexpressions,holdvowelslonger,andemphasizecertainwords.Theword"emphasize"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)stress(B)repeat(C)explain(D)leaveout381.Whensongshavebeensubjectedtotheseprocesses,theiroriginisusuallyimpossibletotrace.Theword"subjected"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)reduced(B)modified(C)exposed(D)imitated382.Thisconstantreshapingandre-creationistheessenceoffolkmusic.Consequently,modempopularsongsandotherpublishedmusic,eventhoughwidelysungbypeoplewhoarenotprofessionalmusicians,arenotconsideredfolkmusic.Theword"essence"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)basicnature(B)growingimportance(C)fullextent(D)firstphase383.In1903themembersofthegoverningboardoftheUniversityofWashington,inSeattle,engagedafirmoflandscapearchitects,specialistsinthedesignofoutdoorenvironments・・・OlmstedBrothersofBrookline,Massachusetts・・・toadvisethemonanappropriatelayoutfortheuniversitygrounds.Theword"engaged"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)trained(B)hired(C)described(D)evaluated392.JohnOlmsteddidtheinvestigationandsubsequentreportonSeattle'sparks.Theword"subsequent"isclosestinmeaningtowhich(jffollowing?(A)complicated(B)alternate(C)later(D)detailed393.Withsuchunparalleledsumsattheirdisposal,withtheOlmstedguidelinestofollow,andwiththeaddedincentiveofwantingtohavethecityatitsbestfortheAlaska-Yukon-PacificExpositionof1909,theParksBoardboughtaggressively.Theword"sums"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)problems(B)amounts(C)services(D)debts394.Manyprehistoricpeoplesubsistedashuntersandgatherers.Undoubtedly,gameanimals,includingsomeverylargespecies,providedmajorcomponentsofhumandiets.Theword"Undoubtedly"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)occasionally(B)unexpectedly(C)previously(D)certainlyTheword"components"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(E)parts(F)problems(C)changes(D)varieties395.Hunter-gatherersmayhavecontributedtoPleistoceneextinctionsinmoreindirectways.Besidesoverhunting,atleastthreeotherkindsofeffectshavebeensuggested:directcompetition,imbalancesbetweencompetingspeciesofgameanimals,andearlyagriculturalpractices.TheworduBesides"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)causedby(B)whereas(C)inadditionto(D)infavorof396.Ifsuchhuntersfirstcompetedwiththelargerpredatorsandthenreplacedthem,theymayhaveallowedmoreyoungtosurviveeachyear,graduallyincreasingthepopulationsoffavoredspecies.

59Thewordufavored"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)large(B)escaping(C)preferred(D)local392.TheybecameanintegralpartofthegardensoftheOttomanEmpirefromthesixteenthcenturyonward,and,soonafter,partofEuropeanlifeaswell.Theword"integral"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)interesting(B)fundamental(C)ornamental(D)overlooked393.TheyflourishedinPennsyvaniatoo,wherein1698WilliamPennreceivedareportofJohnTateham's''GreatandStatelyPalace,Hitsgardenfulloftulips.Theword"flourished"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)werediscovered(B)weremarketed(C)combined(D)thrived394.ThomasHancock,anEnglishsettler,wrotethankinghisplantsupplierforagiftofsometulipbulbsfromEngland,buthisletterofthefollowingyeargrumbledthattheywerealldead.Theword"grumbled"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)denied(B)warned(C)complained(D)explained395.Notwocometseverlookidentical,buttheyhavebasicfeaturesincommon,oneofthemostobviousofwhichisacoma.Theword"identical"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)equallyfast(B)exactlyalike(C)neareachother(D)invisible396.Attheheartofacomer'scomaliesanucleusofsolidmaterial,typicallynomorethan10kilometersacross.Theword"heart"isclosestinmeaningtowhichciffollowing?(A)center(B)edge(C)tail(D)beginning397.Themostgraphicproofthatthegrandspectacleofacometdevelopsfromarelativelysmallandinconspicuouschunkoficeanddustwastheclose-upimageobtainedin1986bytheEuropeanGiottoprobeofthenucleusofHalley'sComet.Theword"graphic"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)mathematical(B)popular(C)unusual(D)vivid398.Asacomet'sorbitbringsitclosertotheSun,firstthecomagrows,thentwodistincttailsusuallyform.Theword"distinct"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)visible(B)gaseous(C)separate(D)new399.Pheromonesaresubstancesthatserveaschemicalsignalsbetweenmembersofthesamespecies.Theword"serve"isclosestinmeaningtowhich(rffollowing?(A)improve(B)function(C)begin(D)rely400.Pheromonesarethepredominantmediumofcommunicationamonginsects(butrarelythesolemethod).Somespecieshavesimplepheromonesystemsandproduceonlyafewpheromones,butothersproducemanywithvariousfunctions.Theword"sole"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)obvious(B)best(C)only(D)final401.Somespecies,suchasants,seemtobeveryarticulatecreatures,buttheirmediumofcommunicationisdifficultforhumanstostudyandappreciatebecauseofourownolfactoryinsensitivityandthetechnologicaldifficultiesindetectingandanalyzingtherepheromones.Theword“detecting“isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)controlling(B)storing(C)questioning(D)finding402.Aphids,whichareparticularlyvulnerabletopredatorsbecauseoftheirgregarioushabits

60andsedentarynature,secreteanalarmpheromonewhenattackedthatcausesnearbyaphidstorespondbymovingaway.Theword''sedentary1'isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)inactive(B)inefficient(C)unchangeable(D)unbalanced392.Theseinnovationsinmanufacturingboostedoutputandlivingstandardstoanunprecedentedextent;theaveragepercapitawealthincreasedbynearly1percentperyear-30percentoverthecourseofageneration.Theword"boosted"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)ensured(B)raised(C)arranged(D)discouraged409.Sincethe1790's,NorthAmericanentrepreneurs・・・evenwithouttechnologicalimprovements■--hadbroadenedthescopeoftheoutworksystemthatmademanufacturingmoreefficientbydistributingmaterialstoasuccessionofworkerswhoeachperformedasinglestepoftheproductionprocess.Theword"scope"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)value(B)popularity(C)extent(D)diversity410.Asearlyas1782theprolificDelawareinventorOliverEvanshadbuiltahighlyautomated,laborsavingflourmilldrivenbywaterpower.Theword"prolific"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)efficient(B)productive(C)self-employed(D)progressive411.ThisnewtechnologyenabledthemtobuildfactoriesintheNation*slargestcities,takingadvantageofurbanconcentrationsofinexpensivelabor,Goodtransportationnetworks,andeagercustomers.Theword"eager"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)wealthy(B)knowledgeable(C)regular(D)enthusiastic412.Small,bothinformatandnumberofpages,theyweregenerallyboundsimply,inboard(aformofcardboard)ormerelystitchedinpaperwrappers(asewnantecedentofmodern-daypaperbacks).Theword"antecedent"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)predecessor(B)format(C)imitation(D)compontent413.Byfar,themostappealingpublishinginvestmentsweretobefoundinsmallbooksthathadproventobesteadysellers,providingareasonablyreliablesourceofincomeforthepublisher.Theword"appealing"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)dependable(B)respectable(C)enduring(D)attractive414.Almanacs,annualpublicationsthatcontainedinformationonastronomyandweatherpatternsarrangedaccordingtothedays,week,andmonthsofagivenyear,providedtheperfectsteadysellerbecausetheirinformationpertainedtothelocaleinwhichtheywouldbeused.Theword"locale"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)topic(B)season(C)interest(D)place415.Whatunusualoruniquebiologicaltrainledtotheremarkablediversificationandunchallengedsuccessoftheantsforover50millionyears?Theword"unique"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)inherited(B)habitual(C)singular(D)natural416.Theanswerappearstobethattheywerethefirstgroupofpredatoryensocialinsectsthatbothlivedandforagedprimarilyinthesoilandinrottingvegetationontheground.Theword"rottingnisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)decaying(B)collected(C)expanding(D)cultivated417.Richlyorganizedcoloniesofthekindmadepossiblebyeusocialityenjoyseveralkeyadvantagesoversolitaryindividuals.Theword"key"isclosestinmeaningtowhich

61offollowing?(A)uncommon(B)important(C)incidental(D)temporary410.Composerstodayuseawidervarietyofsoundsthaneverbefore,includingmanythatwereonceconsideredundesirablenoises.Theword"wider"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)moreimpressive(B)moredistinctive(C)morecontroversial(D)moreextensive411.Non-WestemmusictypicallydividesandintervalbetweentwopitchesmorefinelythanWesternmusicdoes,therebyproducingagreaternumberofdistincttones,ormicrotones,withinthesameinterval.Theword"thereby"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)inreturnfor(B)inspiteof(C)bytheway(D)bythatmeans412.ThepopulationofLosAngeles(114,(MM)in1900)rosespectacularlyintheearlydecadesofthetwentiethcentury,increasingadramatic1,400percentfrom1900to1930.AnumberofcircumstancescontributedtothemeteoricriseofLosAngeles.Theword"meteoric"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)rapid(B)famous(C)controversial(D)methodical413.Thedowntownbusinessdistrictdidnotgrowapacewiththecityasawhole,andtherapidtransitsystemdesignedtolinkthecenterwithoutlyingareaswitheredawayfromdisuse.Thephrase"apacewith"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)anewwith(B)apartfrom(C)asfastas(D)atthemiddleof414.Afterthe1870's,anumberofimportantauthorsbegantorejecttheromanticismthathadprevailedimmediatelyfollowingtheCivilWarof1861-1865andturnedinsteadtorealism.Theword"prevailed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)dominated(B)transformed(C)entered(D)generalized415.RealistssuchasJoelChandlerHarrisandEllenGlasgowdepictedlifeintheSouth;HamlingarlanddescribedlifeontheGreatPlains;andSarahOrneJewettwroteabouteverydaylifeinruralNewEngland.Theword"depicted"inlinel1isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)emphasized(B)described(C)criticized(D)classified416.TheodoreDreiser,theforemostnaturalistwriter,innovelssuchasSisterCarrie,grimlyportrayedadarkworldinwhichhumanbeingsweretossedaboutbyforcesbeyondtheirunderstandingorcontrol.Theword"foremost"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)mostdifficult(B)interesting(C)mostfocused(D)leading417.Eveninthiscurrenteraoflargescale,intensiveresearchanddevelopment,theinterrelationshipsinvolvedinthisprocessarefrequentlymisunderstood.Theword"intensive"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?.(A)decreased(B)concentrated(C)creative(D)advanced418.Thewidespreadandusuallyuncriticalacceptanceofthisthesisledinturntotheassumptionthatapplicationofsciencetoindustrialpurposeswasalinearprocess,startingwithfundamentalscience,thenproceedingtoappliedscienceortechnology,andthroughthemtoindustrialuse.Theword'"assumption"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)understanding(B)publicawareness(C)scientificknowledge(D)expansion419.Themostthoroughlystudiedcasesofdeceptionstrategiesemployedbyground-nestingbirdsinvolveplovers,smallbirdsthattypicallynestonbeachesorinopenfields,theirnestsmerelyscrapesintheearth.Theword"merely''isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)often(B)only(C)usually(D)atfirst

62410.Onetechniqueinvolvesfirstmovingquietlytowardanapproachinganimalandthensettingoffnoisilythroughthegrassorbrushinalow,crouchingrunawayfromthenest,whileemittingrodentlikesqueaks.Theword"emitting"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)bringing(B)attracting(C)producing(D)minimizing411.Theplover'smostfamousstratagemisthebroken・・・wingdisplay,actuallyacontinuumofinjury-・・mimickingbehaviorsspanningtherangefromslightdisabilitytonear-completehelplessness.Theword"spanning"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)covering(B)selecting(C)developing(D)explaining412.Fewpredatorsfailtopursuesuchobviouslyvulnerableprey.Needlesstosay,eachshortrunbetween"flightattempts"isdirectedawayfromthenest.Theword"pursue"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)catch(B)notice(C)defend(D)chase413.Glassfiberswerelittlemorethananoveltyuntilthe1930's,whentheirthermalandelectricalinsulatingpropertieswereappreciatedandmethodsforproducingcontinuousfilamentsweredeveloped.Theword"appreciated"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)experienced(B)recognized(C)explored(D)increased414.ThescarcefossilsoftheProterozoic,mostlysingle-celledbacteria,providelittleevidenceinthisregard.However,therocksthemselvesdoincludetheearliestevidenceforglaciation,probablyaglobaliceage.Theword'"scarce"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)ancient(B)tiny(C)available(D)rare415.In2.3-billion-year-oldrocksinCanadanearLakeHuron(datingfromtheearlypartoftheProterozoicage),therearethinlaminaeoffine-grainedsedimentsthatresemblevarves,theannuallayersofsedimentdepositedinglaciallakes.Theword"resemble"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)resultfrom(B)penetrate(C)looklike(D)replace416.Watchingthebehaviorsdiverseanimalspeciesintheirnaturalhabitats,Lorenz,andTinbergenobservedbehaviorpatternsthatpromotesurvival.Theword"diverse"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)small(B)varied(C)wild(D)particular417.Themostwell-knownoftheseisimprinting,theearlyfollowingbehaviorofcertainbabybirdsthatensuresthattheyoung

63willstayclosetotheirmotherandbefedandprotectedfromdanger.Theworduensuresuisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)guarantees(B)proves(C)teaches(D)assumes410.Itreferstoalimitedtimespanduringwhichthechildisbiologicallypreparedtoacquirecertainadaptivebehaviorsbutneedsthesupportofsuitablystimulatingenvironment.Theword,'suitably"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)willingly(B)moderately(C)appropriately

64(D)emotionally410.Thedevelopmentofattachmentinhumaninfantsisalengthyprocessinvolvingchangesinpsychologicalstructuresthatleadtoadeepaffectionaltiebetweenparentandbaby.Thephraseaffectionaltie"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)cognitivedevelopment(B)emotionalattachment(C)psychologicalneed(D)behavioralchange411.Lockestronglysuggestedthatindividuals,whileacceptingtheirAmericanism,takeprideintheirAfricanancestralartsandurgedartiststolooktoAfricaforsubstanceandinspiration.Thewordnurged"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)prepared(B)defined(C)permitted(D)encouraged412.Fromthisunitycreatedbytheconvergenceofartistsfromvarioussocialandgeographicalbackgroundscameanewspirit,which,particularlyindenselypopulatedHarlem,wastoresultingreatergroupawarenessandself-determination.Theword"convergence"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)gathering(B)promotion(C)expression(D)influence413.AfricanAmericangraphicartiststooktheirplacebesidethepoetsandwritersoftheHarlemRenaissanceandcarriedoneffortstoincreaseandpromotethevisualarts.Thephrase"carriedon"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?(A)continued(B)praised(C)transformed(D)connected

65听カ套题(-)PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA)fB),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.1.A)Lookforamoreexpensivehotel.B)Gotoanotherhotelbybus.C)rFrytofindaquietplace.D)Takeawalkaroundthecity.2.A)They'retalkingaboutnicechildren.B)Themanhasahouseforsale.C)Thewomanlivesinanicehouse.D)Themanhasthreechildren.3.A)Inahotel.B)Atadinnertable.C)Inthestreet.D)Attheman'shouse.4.A)Relatives.B)Roommates.C)Colleagues.D)Neighbors.5.A)5:00.B)5:15.C)5:30.D)5:45.6.A)Hewantstohavemoresleep.

66B)Hiswifedoesn'tsleepwell.C)Womenneedmoresleepthanmen.D)Hedoesn'tneedasmuchsleepashiswife.1.A)Astudent.B)Areporter.C)Avisitor.D)Alecturer.2.A)Totheschool.B)Toafriend'shouse.C)Tothepostoffice.D)Home.3.A)Heisafraidhewon'tbechosenforthetrip.B)Thebosshasnotdecidedwheretogo.C)Suchatripisnecessaryforthecompany.D)It'snotcertainwhetherthetripwilltakeplace.4.A)Itwasboring.B)Itwasentertaining.C)Itwastouching.D)Itwasencouraging.SectionBPassageoneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.5.A)Hewantedtofindaplacetoreadhispapers.B)Hewantedtokilltimebeforeboardingtheplane.C)Hefeltthirstyandwantedsomecoffee.D)Hewenttheretomeethisfriends.6.A)Toysforchildren.B)Importantdocuments.C)Foodandcoffee.D)Clothesandscientificpapers.7.A)Thewomantookhiscaseonpurpose.

67B)Allhispapershadbeenstolen.C)Hehadtakenthewoman'scase.D)Thewomanplayedajokeonhim.PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.1.A)TheliberationmovementofBritishwomen.B)RapideconomicdevelopmentinBritain.C)Changingattitudestofamilylife.D)ReasonsforchangesinfamilylifeinBritain.2.A)Becausemillionsofmendiedinthewar.B)Becausewomenhadprovedtheirworth.C)Becausewomenweremoreskillfulthanmen.D)Becausefactoriespreferredtoemploywomen.3.A)Theconceptof“thefamily"asasocialunit.B)Theattitudestobirthcontrol.C)Theattitudestoreligion.D)Theideasofauthorityandtradition.PassageThreeQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.4.A)Thosewhoarethemselvesspoiledandself-centered.B)Thosewhoexpectedtohaveseveralchildrenbutcouldonlyhaveone.C)Thosewholiketogiveexpensivejewelstotheirchildren.D)Thosewhogivebirthtotheironlychildrenwhentheyarebelow30.5.A)Becausetheirparentswantthemtosharethefamilyburden.B)Becausetheirparentsaretoostrictwiththemintheireducation.C)Becausetheyhavenobodytoplaywith.D)Becausetheirparentswantthemtogrowupasfastaspossible.6.A)Twotypesofonlychildren.B)Parents'responsibilities.C)Thenecessityoffamilyplanning.D)Therelationshipbetweenparentsandchildren.

681.A)Theyhavenosistersorbrothers.B)Theyareoverprotectedbytheirparents.C)Theirparentsexpecttoomuchofthem.D)Theirparentsoftenpunishthemforminorfaults.PartIIVocabularyandStructure(20minutes)2.Untilthen,hisfamilyfromhimforsixmonths.A)didn'thearB)hasn'tbeenhearingC)hasn'theardD)hadn'theard3.Theconferenceafullweekbythetimeitends.A)musthavelastedB)willhavelastedC)wouldlastD)haslasted4.Studentsorteacherscanparticipateinexcursionstolovelybeachesaroundtheislandatregular.A)gapsB)rateC)lengthD)intervals5.Physicsistothesciencewhichwascallednaturalphilosophyinhistory.A)alikeB)equivalentC)likelyD)uniform6.There'samanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeanstrouble.A)makingB)tomakeC)tohavemadeD)havingmake7.AftertheArabstateswonindependence,greatemphasiswaslaidonexpandingeducation,withgirlsaswellasboystogotoschool.

69A)tobeencouragedB)beenencouragedC)beingencouragedD)beencouraged1.Thenewappointmentofourpresidentfromtheverybeginningofnextsemester.A)takeseffectB)takespartC)takesplaceD)takesturns2.Thepresidentmadeaspeechattheopeningceremonyofthesportsmeeting,whichencouragedthesportsmengreatly.A)vigorousB)tediousC)flatD)harsh3.Itisusefultobeabletopredicttheextentwhichapricechangewillaffectsupplyanddemand.A)fromB)withC)toD)for4.Findingajobinsuchabigcompanyhasalwaysbeenhiswildestdreams.A)underB)overC)aboveD)beyond5.ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell,butifyou,youwillsucceedintheend.A)hangup8)hangaboutC)hangonD)hangonto6.Itisreportedthatadoptedchildrenwanttoknowwhotheirnaturalparentsare.A)themostB)mostofC)most

70A)themostof1.Lastyeartheadvertisingrateby20percent.A)raisedB)arousedC)aroseD)rose2.beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.A)HadtheyarrivedB)WouldtheyarriveC)WeretheyarrivingD)Weretheytoarrive3.Thestrongstormdidalotofdamagetothecoastalvillages:severalfishingboatswereandmanyhousescollapsed.A)wreckedB)spoiledC)tomD)injured4.Thelittlemanwasonemetrefiftyhigh.A)almostmorethanB)hardlymorethanC)nearlymorethanD)asmuchas5.Asannouncedintoday'spapers,theShanghaiExportCommoditiesFairisalsoopenonSundays.A)beingB)isC)tobeD)been6.Youseethelightningithappens,butyouhearthethunderlater.A)theinstantB)foraninstantC)ontheinstantD)inaninstant7.Themanagerlosthisjustbecausehissecretarywastenminuteslate.A)mood

71A)temperB)mindC)passion1.GreatasNewtonwas,manyofhisideastodayandarebeingmodifiedbytheworkofscientistsofourtime.A)aretochallengeB)maybechallengedC)havebeenchallengedD)arechallenging2.Pleasebecarefulwhenyouaredrinkingcoffeeincaseyouthenewcarpet.A)crashB)polluteC)spotD)stain3.I'dratherreadthanwatchtelevision;theprogramsseemallthetime.A)togetworseB)tobegettingworseC)tohavegotworseD)gettingworse4.Conveniencefoodswhicharealreadypreparedforcookingareingrocerystores.A)readyB)approachableC)probableD)available5.WhenIcaughthimIstoppedbuyingthingsthereandstarteddealingwithanothershop.A)cheatingB)cheatC)tocheatD)tobecheating6.Itisimportantthatenoughmoneytofundtheproject.A)becollectedB)mustbecollectedC)wascollected

72A)canbecollected1.Someoldpeopledon'tlikepopsongsbecausetheycan'tsomuchnoise.A)resistB)sustainC)tolerateD)undergo2.Ifonlythecommitteetheregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.A)approveB)willapproveC)canapproveD)wouldapprove3.onetime,Manchesterwasthehomeofthemostproductivecottonmillsintheworld.A)OnB)ByC)AtD)Of4.itornot,hisdiscoveryhascreatedastirinscientificcircles.A)BelieveB)TobelieveC)BelievingD)Believed5.Mr.Morgancanbeverysad,thoughinpublicheisextremelycheerful.A)byhimselfB)inpersonC)inprivateD)asindividualPartIIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)PassageOneQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanotherandtodeterminewherewe“fiビinsociety.Aswegoaboutoureverydaylives,wementallyattempttoplacepeopleintermsoftheirstatuses.Forexample,wemustjudgewhetherthe

73personinthelibraryisareaderoralibrarian,whetherthetelephonecallerisafriendorasalesman,whethertheunfamiliarpersononourpropertyisthieforameterreader,andsoon.Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeopleweencounter,andchangethroughoutlife.Mostofuscan,atveryhighspeed,assumethestatusesthatvarioussituationsrequire.Muchofsocialinteractionconsistsofidentifyingandselectingamongappropriatestatusesandallowingotherpeopletoassumetheirstatusesinrelationtous.Thismeansthatwefitouractionstothoseofotherpeoplebasedonaconstantmentalprocessofappraisalandinterpretation.Althoughsomeofusfindthetaskmoredifficultthanothers,mostofusperformitrathereffortlessly.Astatushasbeencomparedtoready-madeclothes.Withincertainlimits,thebuyercanchoosestyleandfabric.ButanAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostume(月艮装)ofaChinesepeasantorthatofaHinduprince.Wemustchoosefromamongtheclothingpresentedbyoursociety.Furthermore,ourchoiceislimitedtoasizethatwillfit,aswellasbyourpocketbook(钱包).Havingmadeachoicewithintheselimitswecanhavecertainalterationsmade,butapartfromminoradjustments,wetendtobelimitedtowhatthestoreshaveontheirracks.Statusestoocomereadymade,andtherangeofchoiceamongthemislimited.1.Inthefirstparagraph,thewritertellsusthatstatusescanhelpus.A)determinewhetherapersonisfitforacertainjobB)behaveappropriatelyinrelationtootherpeopleC)protectourselvesinunfamiliarsituationsD)makefriendswithotherpeople2.Accordingtothewriter,peopleoftenassumedifferentstatuses.A)inordertoidentifythemselveswithothersB)inordertobetteridentifyothersC)astheirmentalprocesseschangeD)asthesituationchanges3.Theword“appraisal'(Line5,Para.2)mostprobablymeans"A)involvementB)appreciationC)assessmentD)presentation4.Inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,thepronoun“it”refersto"”.A)fittingouractionstothoseofotherpeopleappropriatelyB)identificationofotherpeople'sstatusesC)selectingone'sownstatusesD)constantmentalprocess

741.Bysayingthat“anAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostumeofaChinesepeasantorthatofaHinduprince"(Line2-3,Para.3),thewritermeans.A)differentpeoplehavedifferentstylesofclothesB)ready-madeclothesmayneedalterationsC)statusescomereadymadejustlikeclothesD)ourchoiceofstatusesislimitedPassageTwoQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Manyayoungpersontellsmehewantstobeawriter.Ialwaysencouragesuchpeople,butIalsoexplainthatthere'sbigdifferencebetween“beingawriter^^andwriting.Inmostcasestheseindividualsaredreamingofwealthandfame,notthelonghoursaloneatatypewriter."You'vegottowanttowrite,"Isaytothem,"notwanttobeawriter."Therealityisthatwritingisalonely,privateandpoor-payingaffair.Foreverywriterkissedbyfortunetherearethousandsmorewhoselongingisneverrewarded.WhenIlefta20-yearcareerintheU.S.CoastGuardtobecomeafreelancewriter(自由撰稿者)，Ihadnoprospectsatall.WhatIdidhavewasafriendwhofoundmemyroominaNewYorkapartmentbuilding.Itdidn'tevenmatterthatitwascoldandhadnobathroom.Iimmediatelyboughtausedmanualtypewriterandfeltlikeagenuinewriter.Afterayearorso,however,Istillhadn'tgottenabreakandbegantodoubtmyself.Itwassohardtosellastorythatbarelymadeenoughtoeat.ButIknewIwantedtowrite.Ihaddreamedaboutitforyears.Iwasn'tgoingtobeoneofthosepeoplewhodiewondering,Whatif?Iwouldkeepputtingmydreamtothetest-eventhoughitmeantlivingwithuncertaintyandfearoffailure.ThisistheShadowlandofhope,andanyonewithadreammustlearntolivethere.2.Thepassageismeantto.A)warnyoungpeopleofthehardshipsthatasuccessfulwriterhastoexperienceB)adviseyoungpeopletogiveuptheirideaofbecomingaprofessionalwriterC)showyoungpeopleit'sunrealisticforawritertopursuewealthandfameD)encourageyoungpeopletopursueawritingcareer3.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?A)Genuinewritersoftenfindtheirworkinterestingandrewarding.B)Awriter'ssuccessdependsonluckratherthanoneffort.C)Famouswritersusuallyliveinpovertyandisolation.D)Thechancesforawritertobecomesuccessfularesmall.4.Whydidtheauthorbegintodoubthimselfafterthefirstyearofhiswritingcareer?A)Hewasn'tabletoproduceasinglebook.B)Hehadn'tseenachangeforthebetter*.C)Hewasn'tabletohavearestforawholeyears.

75A)Hefoundhisdreamwouldnevercometrue.1."...Peoplewhodiewondering,Whatif?"(Line3,Para.3)refersto"thoseA)whothinktoomuchofthedarksideoflifeB)whoregretgivinguptheircareerhalfwayC)whothinkalotwithoutmakingadecisionD)whoarefullofimaginationevenupondeath2.“Shadowland''inthelastsentencerefersto.A)thewonderlandoneoftendreamsaboutB)thebrightfuturethatoneislookingforwardtoC)thestateofuncertaintybeforeone'sfinalgoalisreachedD)aworldthatexistsonlyinone'simaginationPassageThreeQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itiseveryoneagrees,ahugetaskthatthechildperformswhenhelearnstospeak,andthefactthathedoessoinsoshortaperiodoftimechallengesexplanation.Languagelearningbeginswithlistening.Individualchildrenvarygreatlyintheamountoflisteningtheydobeforetheystartspeaking,andlatestartersareoftenlonglisteners.Mostchildrenwill"obey”spokeninstructionssometimebeforetheycanspeak,thoughthewordobeyishardlyaccurateasadescriptionoftheeageranddelightedcooperationusuallyshownbythechild.Beforetheycanspeak,manychildrenwillalsoaskquestionsbygestureandbymakingquestioningnoises.Anyattempttotracethedevelopmentfromthenoisesbabiesmaketotheirfirstspokenwordsleadstoconsiderabledifficulties.Itisagreedthattheyenjoymakingnoises,andthatduringthefirstfewmonthsoneortwonoisessortthemselvesoutasparticularlyindicativeofdelight,distress,sociability,andsoon.Butsincethesecannotbesaidtoshowthebaby'sintentiontocommunicate,theycanhardlyberegardedasearlyformsoflanguage.Itisagreed,too,thatfromaboutthreemonthstheyplaywithsoundsforenjoyments,andthatbysixmonthstheyareabletoaddnewsoundstotheirrepertoire(能发出的全部声音).Thisself-imitationleadsontodeliberate(有意识的)imitationofsoundsmadeorwordsspokentothembyotherpeople.Theproblemthenarisesastothepointatwhichonecansaythattheseimitationscanbeconsideredasspeech.3.By"...challengesexplanation"(Line2,Para.1)theauthormeansthat.A)noexplanationisnecessaryforsuchanobviousphenomenonB)noexplanationhasbeenmadeuptonowC)it'snoeasyjobtoprovideanadequateexplanationD)it'shightimethatanexplanationwasprovided4.Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout.

76A)thedevelopmentofbabies'earlyformsoflanguageB)thedifficultiesofbabiesinlearningtospeakC)babies'strongdesiretocommunicateD)babies'intentiontocommunicate1.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthesecondparagraphistoshowthatchildrenA)usuallyobeywithoutaskingquestionsB)arepassiveintheprocessoflearningtospeakC)areborncooperativeD)learntospeakbylistening2.Fromthepassagewelearnthat.A)earlystarterscanlearntospeakwithinonlysixmonthsB)childrenshowastrongdesiretocommunicatebymakingnoisesC)imitationplaysanimportantroleinlearningtospeakD)childrenhavevariousdifficultiesinlearningtospeak3.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe.A)HowBabiesLearntoSpeakB)EarlyFormsofLanguageC)AHugeTaskforChildrenD)NoiseMakingandLanguageLearningPassageFourQuestions66to70arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocoldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsandtheirconsequences,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.Cognitive(认知学派的)researchers,whostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthatrewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetary(金钱的)rewardssparkscreativityingrade-schoolchildren,suggestingthatproperlypresentedinducements(刺激)indeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.“Ifkidsknowthey'reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,,9saysRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.44Butit'seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards."

77Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Eisenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailinggrades.Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomies,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.1.Psychologistsaredividedwithregardtotheirattitudestoward.A)thechoicebetweenspiritualencouragementandmonetaryrewardsB)theamountofmonetaryrewardsforstudent'creativityC)thestudyofrelationshipbetweenactionsandtheirconsequencesD)theeffectsofexternalrewardsonstudents'performance2.Whatistheresponseofmanyeducatorstoexternalrewardsfortheirstudents?A)Theyhavenodoubtsaboutthem.B)Theyhavedoubtsaboutthem.C)Theyapproveofthem.D)Theyavoidtalkingaboutthem.3.Whichofthefollowingcanbestraisestudents'creativityaccordingtoRobertEisenberger?A)Assigningthemtaskstheyhavenotdealtwithbefore.B)Assigningthemtaskswhichrequireinventiveness.C)Givingthemrewardstheyreallydeserve.D)Givingthemrewardstheyanticipate.4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingtotightentheirgradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve.A)rewardingpoorperformancemaykillthecreativityofstudentsB)punishmentismoreeffectivethanrewardingC)failinguninspiredstudentshelpsimprovetheiroverallacademicstandardsD)discouragingthestudents'anticipationforeasyrewardsisamatterofurgency5.Thephrase“tokeneconomies"(Line1,Para.5)probablyrefersto.A)waystodevelopeconomyB)systemsofrewardingstudentsC)approachestosolvingproblemsD)methodsofimprovingperformance

78PartIVShortAnswerQuestions(15minutes)Directions:Inthispartthereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords(notexceeding10words.)InBritain,theoldRoadTrafficActrestrictedspeedsto2m.p.h.(milesperhour)intownsand4m.p.h.inthecountry.LaterParliamentincreasedthespeedlimitto14m.p.h.Butby1903thedevelopmentofthecarindustryhadmadeitnecessarytoraisethelimitto20m.p.h.By1930,however,thelawwassowidelyignoredthatspeedingrestrictionsweredoneawaywithaltogether.Forfiveyearsmotoristswerefreetodriveatwhateverspeedstheylikes.Thenin1935theRoadTrafficActimposeda30m.p.h.speedlimitinbuilt-upareas,alongwiththeintroductionofdrivingtestsandpedestriancrossing.SpeedingisnowthemostcommonmotoringoffenceinBritain.Offencesforspeedingfallintothreeclasses:exceedingthelimitonarestrictedroad,exceedingonanyroadthelimitforthevehicleyouaredriving,andexceedingthe70m.p.h.limitonanyroad.Arestrictedroadisonewherethestreetlampsare200yardsapart,ormore.Themaincontroversy(争论)surroundingspeedinglawsistheextentoftheirsafetyvalue.TheMinistryofTransportmaintainsthatspeedlimitsreduceaccidents.Itclaimsthatwhenthe30m.p.h.limitwasintroducedin1935therewasafallof15percentinfatalaccidents.Likewise,whenthe40m.p.h.speedlimitwasimposedonanumberofroadsinLondoninthelatefifties,therewasa28percentreductioninseriousaccidents.Therewerealsofewercasualties(伤亡)intheyearafterthe70m.p.h.motorwaylimitwasimposedin1966.InAmerica,however,itisthoughtthatthereducedaccidentfiguresareduerathertotheincreaseintrafficdensity.Thisiswhyithasevenbeensuggestedthatthepresentspeedlimitsshouldbedoneawaywithcompletely,orthataguideshouldbegiventoinexperienceddriversandthespeedlimitsmadeadvisory,asisdoneinpartsoftheUSA.Questions:(注意:答题尽量简短,超过10个词要扣分。每条横线限写ー个英语单词,标点符号不占格。)1.DuringwhichperiodcouldBritishmotoristsdrivewithoutspeedlimits?2.Whatmeasureswereadoptedin1935inadditiontothespeedingrestrictions?3.Speedingisamotoringoffenceadrivercommitswhenhe.4.WhatistheopinionofBritishauthoritiesconcerningspeedinglaws?5.WhatreasondoAmericansgiveforthereductionintrafficaccidents?PartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicPracticeMakesPerfect.Youshouldwriteatleast100wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:

791.怎样理解“熟能生巧”？2.例如:在英语学习中…3.又如…PracticeMakesPerfect参考答案Parti1.C2.B3.A4.D5.B6.D7.A8.C9.D10.C11.B12.D13.C14.D15.A16.A17.B18.B19.A20.CPartII21.D22.B23.D24.B25.B26.C27.A28.A29.C30.D31.C32.C33.D34.D35.A

8036.B37.B38.A39.B40.C41.D42.B43.D44.A45.A46.C47.D48.C49.A50.CPartIII51.B52.D53.C54.A55.D56.A57.D58.B59.B60.C61.C62.A63.D64.C65.A66.D67.B68.C69.A70.BPartIV71.1930-1934(or-1935)/from1930to193472.(Theintroductionof)Drivingtestsandpedestriancrossings73.exceedsthespeedlimits/breaksspeedinglaws74.Speedlimitsreduceaccidents.75.Theincreaseintrafficdensity.（二）PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionA1.A)Skating.B)Swimming.C)Boatingandswimming.

81B)Boatingandskating.1.A)Putherreportonhisdesk.B)Readsomepapersherecommended.C)Improvesomepartsofherpaper.D)Mailherreporttothepublisher.2.A)Shetakesitasakindofexercise.B)Shewantstosavemoney.C)Shelovesdoinganythingthatisnew.D)Herofficeisn'tveryfar.3.A)Ashopassistant.B)Atelephoneoperator.C)Awaitress.D)Aclerk.4.A)Arailwayporter.B)Ataxidriver.C)Abusconductor.D)Apostalclerk.5.A)Mostpeoplekilledintrafficaccidentsareheavydrinkers.B)Shedoesnotagreewiththeman.C)Drunkdriversarenotguilty.D)Peopleshouldpaymoreattentiontothedangerofdrunkdriving.6.A)$1.40.B)$6.40.C)$4.30.D)$8.60.7.A)Collectpapersfortheman.B)Dothetypingonceagain.C)Checkthepaperfortypingerrors.D)Readthewholenewspaper.8.A)Thewomandoesnotwanttogotothemovies.B)Themanistootiredtogotothemovies.C)Thewomanwantstogotothemovies.D)Themanwantstogooutfordinner.

821.A)Bybus.B)Bybike.C)Bytaxi.D)Onfoot.SectionBCompoundDictationInpolicework,youcanneverpredictthenextcrimeorproblem.Noworkingdayisidenticaltoanyother,sothereisno"(S1)"dayforapoliceofficer.Somedaysare(S2)slow,andthejobis(S3);otherdaysaresobusythatthereisnotimetoeat.IthinkIcan(S4)policeworkinoneword:(S5).Sometimesit'sdangerous.Oneday,forexample,Iwasworkingundercover;thatis,Iwasonthejob,butIwaswearing(S6)clothes,notmypolice(S7).Iwastryingtocatchsomerobberswhowerestealingmoneyfrompeopleastheywalkeddownthestreet.Suddenly,(S8).Anotherpolicemanarrived,andtogether,wearrestedthreeofthemen;buttheotherfourranaway.Anotherday,Ihelpedawomanwhowasgoingtohaveababy.(S9).Iputherinmypolicecartogethertherefaster.Ithoughtshewasgoingtohavethebabyrightthereinmycar.Butfortunately,(S10).PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)PassageOneQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thefridgeisconsideredanecessity.Ithasbeensosincethe1960swhenpackagedfoodfirstappearedwiththelabel:"storeintherefrigerator.^^InmyfridgelessFiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthy.Themilkmancamedaily,thegrocer,thebutcher(肉商)，thebaker,andtheice-creammandeliveredtwoorthreetimesaweek.TheSundaymeatwouldlastuntilWednesdayandsurplus(乘リ余的)breadandmilkbecameallkindsofcakes.Nothingwaswasted,andwewerenevertroubledbyrottenfood.Thirtyyearson,fooddeliverieshaveceased,freshvegetablesarealmostunobtainableinthecountry.Theinventionofthefridgecontributedcomparativelylittletotheartoffoodpreservation.Avastwayofwell-triedtechniquesalreadyexisted-naturalcooling,drying,smoking,salting,sugaring,bottling...Whatrefrigerationdidpromotewasmarketing-marketinghardwareandelectricity,marketingsoftdrinks,marketingdeadbodiesofanimalsaroundtheglobeinsearchofagoodprice.Consequently,mostoftheworld'sfridgesaretobefound,notinthetropicswheretheymightproveuseful,butinthewealthycountrieswithmildtemperatureswheretheyareclimaticallyalmostunnecessary.Everywinter,millionsoffridgeshumawaycontinuously,andatvastexpense,busilymaintaininganartificially-cooledspaceinsideanartificially-heatedhouse-whileoutside,natureprovidesthedesiredtemperaturefreeofcharge.

83Thefridge'seffectupontheenvironmenthasbeenevident,whileitscontributiontohumanhappinesshasbeeninsignificant.Ifyoudon'tbelieveme,tryityourself,investinafoodcabinetandturnoffyourfridgenextwinter.Youmaymissthehamburgers(汉堡包)，butatleastyou'llgetridofthatterriblehum.1.Thestatement"InmyfridgelessFiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily.,9(Line1,Para.2)suggeststhat.A)theauthorwaswell-fedandhealthyevenwithoutafridgeinhisfiftiesB)theauthorwasnotaccustomedtousingfridgeseveninhisfiftiesC)therewasnofridgeintheauthor'shomeinthe1950sD)thefridgewasinitsearlystageofdevelopmentinthe1950s2.Whydoestheauthorsaythatnothingwaswastedbeforetheinventionoffridges?A)Peoplewouldnotbuymorefoodthanwasnecessary.B)Foodwasdeliveredtopeopletwoorthreetimesaweek.C)Foodwassoldfreshanddidnotgetrotteneasily.D)Peoplehadeffectivewaystopreservetheirfood.3.Whobenefitedtheleastfromfridgesaccordingtotheauthor?A)Inventors.B)Consumers.C)Manufacturers.D)Travelingsalesmen.4.Whichofthefollowingphrasesinthefifthparagraphindicatesthefridge'snegativeeffectontheenvironment?A)“Humawaycontinuously".B)“Climaticallyalmostunnecessary".C)"Artificially-cooledspace".D)"Withmildtemperatures".5.Whatistheauthor'soverallattitudetowardfridges?A)Neutral.B)Critical.C)Objective.D)Compromising.PassageTwoQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thehumanbraincontains10thousandmillioncellsandeachofthesemayhavea

84thousandconnections.Suchenormousnumbersusedtodiscourageusandcauseustodismissthepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman-likeability,butnowthatwehavegrownusedtomovingforwardatsuchapacewecanbelesssure.Quitesoon,inonly10or20yearsperhaps,wewillbeabletoassembleamachineascomplexasthehumanbrain,andifwecanwewill.Itmaythentakeusalongtimetorenderitintelligentbyloadingintherightsoftware(软件)orbyalteringthearchitecturebutthattoowillhappen.Ithinkitcertainthatindecades,notcenturies,machinesofsilicon(硅)willarisefirsttorivalandthenexceedtheirhumanancestors.Oncetheyexceedustheywillbecapableoftheirowndesign.Inarealsensetheywillbeabletoreproducethemselves.Siliconwillhaveendedcarbon'slongcontrol.Andwewillnolongerbeabletoclaimourselvestobethefinestintelligenceintheknownuniverse.Astheintelligenceofrobotsincreasestomatchthatofhumansandastheircostdeclinesthrougheconomiesofscalewemayusethemtoexpandourfrontiers,firstonearththroughtheirabilitytowithstandenvironments,harmfultoourselves.Thus,desertsmaybloomandtheoceanbedsbemined.Furtherahead,byacombinationofthegreatwealththisnewagewillbringandthetechnologyitwillprovide,theconstructionofavast,man-createdworldinspace,hometothousandsormillionsofpeople,willbewithinourpower.1.Inwhatwaycanwemakeamachineintelligent?A)Bymakingitworkinsuchenvironmentsasdeserts,oceansorspace.B)Byworkinghardfor10or20years.C)Byeitherproperlyprogrammingitorchangingitsstructure.D)Byreproducingit.2.Whatdoesthewriterthinkaboutmachineswithhuman-likeability?A)Hebelievestheywillbeusefultohumanbeings.B)Hebelievesthattheywillcontrolusinthefuture.C)Heisnotquitesureinwhatwaytheymayinfluenceus.D)Hedoesn'tconsidertheconstructionofsuchmachinespossible.3.Theword“carbon”(Line4,Para.2)standsfor.A)intelligentrobotsB)achemicalelementC)anorganicsubstanceD)humanbeings4.Arobotcanbeusedtoexpandourfrontierswhen.A)itsintelligenceandcostarebeyondquestionB)itisabletobeartheroughenvironmentC)itismadeascomplexasthehumanbrainD)itsarchitectureisdifferentfromthatofthepresentones5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

85A)aftertheinstallationofagreatnumberofcellsandconnections,robotswillbecapableofself-reproductionB)withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,peoplehavecometorealizethepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman-likeabilityC)oncewemakeamachineascomplexasthehumanbrain,itwillpossesintelligenceD)robotswillhavecontrolofthevast,man-madeworldinspacePassageThreeQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AftertheviolentearthquakethatshookLosAngelesin1994,earthquakescientistshadgoodnewstoreport:Thedamageanddeathtoll(死亡人数)couldhavebeenmuchworse.Morethan60peoplediedinthisearthquake.Bycomparison,asearthquakeofsimilarintensitythatshookAmericain1988claimed25,000victims.InjuriesanddeathswererelativelylessinLosAngelesbecausethequakeoccurredat4:31a.m.onaholiday,whentrafficwaslightonthecity'shighways.Inaddition,changesmadetotheconstructioncodesinLosAngelesduringthelast20yearshavestrengthenedthecity'sbuildingsandhighways,makingthemmoreresistanttoquakes.Despitethegoodnew,civilengineersaren'trestingontheirsuccesses.Pinnedtotheirdrawingboardsareblueprints(蓝图)forimprovedquake-resistantbuildings.Thenewdesignsshouldofferevengreatersecuritytocitieswhereearthquakesoftentakeplace.Inthepast,makingstructuresquake-resistantmeantfirmyetflexiblematerials,suchassteelandwood,thatbendwithoutbreaking.Later,peopletriedtoliftabuildingoffitsfoundation,andinsertrubberandsteelbetweenthebuildinganditsfoundationtoreducetheimpactofgroundvibrations.Themostrecentdesignsgivebuildingsbrainsaswellasconcreteandsteelsupports.Calledsmartbuildings,thestructuresrespondlikelivingorganismstoanearthquake'svibrations.Whenthegroundshakesandthebuildingtipsforward,thecomputerwouldforcethebuildingtoshiftintheoppositedirection.Thenewsmartstructurescouldbeveryexpensivetobuild.However,theywouldsavemanylivesandwouldbelesslikelytobedamagedduringearthquakes.1.OnereasonwhythelossoflivesintheLosAngelesearthquakewascomparativelylowisthat.A)newcomputershadbeeninstalledinthebuildingsB)itoccurredintheresidentialareasratherthanonthehighwaysC)largenumbersofLosAngelesresidentshadgoneforaholidayD)improvementshadbeenmadeintheconstructionofbuildingsandhighways2.Thefunctionofthecomputermentionedinthepassageisto.A)counterbalanceanearthquake'sactiononthebuilding

86A)predictthecomingofanearthquakewithaccuracyB)helpstrengthenthefoundationofthebuildingC)measuretheimpactofanearthquake'svibrations1.Thesmartbuildingsdiscussedinthepassage.A)wouldcauseseriousfinancialproblemsB)wouldbeworthwhilethoughcostlyC)wouldincreasethecomplexityofarchitecturaldesignD)canreducethegroundvibrationscausedbyearthquakes2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinminimizingthedamagecausedbyearthquakesattentionshouldbefocusedon.A)theincreasinguseofrubberandsteelincapitalconstructionB)thedevelopmentofflexiblebuildingmaterialsC)thereductionoftheimpactofgroundvibrationsD)earlyforecastsofearthquakes3.Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto.A)comparetheconsequencesoftheearthquakesthatoccurredintheU.S.B)encouragecivilengineerstomakemoreextensiveuseofcomputersC)outlinethehistoryofthedevelopmentofquake-resistantbuildingmaterialsD)reportnewdevelopmentsinconstructingquake-resistantbuildingsPassageFourQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Evenplantscanrunafever,especiallywhenthey'reunderattackbyinsectsordisease.Butunlikehumans,plantscanhavetheirtemperaturetakenfrom3,000feetaway-straightup.Adecadeago,adaptingtheinfrared(红タト线)scanningtechnologydevelopedformilitarypurposesandothersatellites,physicistStephenPaleycameupwithaquickwaytotakethetemperatureofcropstodeterminewhichonesareunderstress.Thegoalwastoletfarmerspreciselytargetpesticide(杀虫齐リ)sprayingratherthanrainpoisononawholefield,whichinvariablyincludesplantsthatdon'thavepest(害虫)problems.Evenbetter,Paley'sRemoteScanningServicesCompanycoulddetectcropproblemsbeforetheybecamevisibletotheeye.Mountedonaplaneflownat3,000feetatnight,aninfraredscannermeasuredtheheatemittedbycrops.Thedataweretransformedintoacolor-codedmapshowingwhereplantswererunning“fevers".Farmerscouldthenspot-spray,using50to70percentlesspesticidethantheyotherwisewould.ThebadnewsisthatPaley'scompanycloseddownin1984,afteronlythreeyears.Farmersresistedthenewtechnologyandlong-termbackerswerehardtofind.Butwiththerenewedconcernaboutpesticidesonproduce,andrefinementsininfraredscanning,Paleyhopestogetbackintooperation.Agricultureexpertshavenodoubtthetechnologyworks."Thistechniquecanbeusedon75percentofagriculturallandintheUnitedStates,"says

87GeorgeOertherofTexasA&M,RayJackson,whorecentlyretiredfromtheDepartmentofAgriculture,thinksremoteinfraredcropscanningcouldbeadoptedbytheendofthedecade.ButonlyifPaleyfindsthefinancialbackingwhichhefailedtoobtain10yearsago.1.Plantswillemitanincreasedamountofheatwhentheyare.A)sprayedwithpesticidesB)facinganinfraredscannerC)inpoorphysicalconditionD)exposedtoexcessivesunrays2.Inordertoapplypesticidesprayingprecisely,wecanuseinfraredscanningtoA)estimatethedamagetothecropsB)drawacolor-codedmapC)measurethesizeoftheaffectedareaD)locatetheproblemarea3.Farmerscansaveaconsiderableamountofpesticideby.A)resortingtospot-sprayingB)consultinginfraredscanningexpertsC)transformingpoisonedrainD)detectingcropproblemsatanearlydate4.Theapplicationofinfraredscanningtechnologytoagriculturemetwithsomedifficultiesdueto.A)thelackofofficialsupportB)itshighcostC)thelackoffinancialsupportD)itsfailuretohelpincreaseproduction5.InfraredscanningtechnologymaybebroughtbackintooperationbecauseofA)thedesireoffarmerstoimprovethequalityoftheirproduceB)growingconcernabouttheexcessiveuseofpesticidesoncropsC)theforcefulpromotionbytheDepartmentofAgricultureD)fullsupportfromagriculturalexpertsPartIIIVocabularyandStructure(20minutes)6.Themedicineisonsaleeverywhere.Youcangetitatchemist's.A)each

88B)someC)certainD)any1.Youcannotbecarefulwhenyoudriveacar.A)veryB)soC)tooD)enough2.Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifththetotalforlivingexpenses.A)acceptableB)availableC)advisableD)叩plicable3.Everymaninthiscountryhastherighttolivewherehewantstothecolorofhisskin.A)withtheexceptionofB)inthelightofC)byvirtueofD)regardlessof4.HousewiveswhodonotgoouttoworkfeeltheyarenotworkingtotheirfullA)capacityB)strengthC)lengthD)possibility5.Ihatepeoplewhotheendofafilmthatyouhaven'tseenbefore.A)revealB)rewriteC)reviseD)reverse6.He'swatchingTV?He'stobecleaninghisroom.A)knownB)supposedC)regarded

89C)considered1.Theoldcoupledecidedtoaboyandagirlthoughtheyhadthreeoftheirown.A)adaptB)bringC)receiveD)adopt2.Thegovernmentistryingtodosomethingtobetterunderstandingbetweenthetwocountries.A)raiseB)promoteC)heightenD)increase3.Thenewspaperdidnotmentiontheofthedamagecausedbythefire.A)rangeB)levelC)extentD)quantity4.Thesoldierwasofrunningawaywhentheenemyattacked.A)scoldedB)chargedC)accusedD)punished5.Hadheworkedharder,hetheexams.A)musthavegotthroughB)wouldhavegotthroughC)permittedarefreshmenD)arepermittedfreshmen6.Onlyunderspecialcircumstancestotakemake-uptests.A)arefreshmenpermittedB)freshmenarepermittedC)permittedarefreshmenD)arepermittedfreshmen7.IhadjuststartedbackforthehousetochangemyclothesIheardvoices.A)as

90A)whenB)afterC)while1.Itseemsoilfromthispipeforsometime.We'llhavetotakethemachineaparttoputitright.A)hadleakedB)isleakingC)leakedD)hasbeenleaking2.Whenhearrived,hefoundtheagedandthesickathome.A)nonebutB)noneotherthanC)nothingbutD)nootherthan3.ThepressurecausesAmericanstobeenergetic,butitalsoputsthemunderaconstantemotionalstrain.A)tocompeteB)competingC)tobecompetedD)havingcompeted4.Yourhairwants.You'dbetterhaveitdonetomorrow.A)cutB)tocutC)cuttingD)beingcut5.Asteachersweshouldconcernourselveswithwhatissaid,notwhatwethinkA)oughttobesaidB)mustsayC)havetobesaidD)needtosay6.Onceenvironmentaldamage,ittakesmanyyearsforthesystemtorecover.A)hasdoneB)istodoC)does

91D)isdone1.Studiesshowthatthethingsthatcontributemosttoasenseofhappinesscannotbebought,agoodfamilylife,friendshipandworksatisfaction.A)asforB)inviewofC)incaseofD)suchas2.Hewillagreetodowhatyourequirehim.A)ofB)fromC)toD)for3.Themerefactmostpeoplebelievenuclearwarwouldbemadnessdoesnotmeanthatitwillnotoccur.A)whatB)whichC)thatD)why4.Johnseemsniceperson.,Idon'ttrusthim.A)EventhoughB)EvensoC)ThereforeD)Though5.Idon'tthinkitadvisablethatTomtothejobsincehehasnoexperience.A)isassignedB)willbeassignedC)beassignedD)hasbeenassigned6.,amanwhoexpresseshimselfeffectivelyissuretosucceedmorerapidlythanamanwhosecommandoflanguageispoor.A)OtherthingsbeingequalB)WereotherthingsequalC)TobeequaltootherthingsD)Otherthingstobeequal7.thatmyheadhadcleared,mybrainwasalsobeginningtoworkmuchbetter.

92A)ForB)NowC)SinceD)Despite1.Themaninthecornerconfessedtoalietothemanagerofthecompany.A)havetoldB)betoldC)beingtoldD)havingtold2.By1929,MickeyMousewasaspopularchildrenasCoca-Cola.A)forB)inC)toD)with3.BecauseEdgarwasconvincedoftheaccuracyofthisfact,hehisopinion.A)struckatB)stoveforC)stucktoD)stoodforPartIVCloze(15minutes)Mostchildrenwithhealthyappetitesarereadytoeatalmostanythingthatisofferedthemandachildrarelydislikesfood61itisbadlycooked.The62amealiscookedandservedismostimportantandan63servedmealwilloftenimproveachild'sappetite.Neveraskachild64helikesordislikesafoodandnever65likesanddislikesinfrontofhimorallow66elsetodoso.Ifthefathersayshehatesfatmeatorthemother67vegetablesinthechild'shearingheis68tocopythisprocedure.Takeit69grantedthathelikeseverythingandheprobably70.Nothinghealthfulshouldbeomittedfromthemealbecauseofa71dislike.Atmealtimesitisagood72togiveachildasmallportionandlethim73backforasecondhelpingratherthangivehimas74asheislikelytoeatallatonce.Donottalktoomuchtothechild75mealtimes,butlethimgetonwithhisfood;anddonot76himtoleavethetableimmediatelyafteramealorhewill77learntoswallowhisfood78hecanhurrybacktohistoys.Under79circumstancesmustachildbecoaxed(哄骗)80forcedtoeat.D)nobody61.A)ifB)until67.A)opposes

93C)thatB)deniesD)unlessC)refuses62.A)procedureB)processD)offends68.A)willingC)wayB)possibleD)methodC)obliged63.A)adequatelyB)attractivelyD)1汰ely69.A)withC)urgentlyB)withD)eagerlyC)over64.A)whetherB)whatD)for70.A)shouldC)thatB)mayD)whichC)will65.A)remarkB)tellD)must71.A)supposedC)discussB)provedD)argueC)considered66.A)everybodyB)anybodyD)related72.A)pointC)somebodyB)custom

94C)ideaD)persuadeD)plan73.A)ask77.A)hurriedlyB)soonB)comeC)fastC)returnD)slowlyD)take74.A)much78.A)soB)untilB)littleC)lestC)fewD)althoughD)many75.A)on79.A)someB)anyB)overC)suchC)byD)noD)during76.A)agree80.A)orB)norB)allowC)butC)forceD)neitherPartIVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicGettingtoKnowtheWorldOutsidetheCampus.Youshouldwriteatleast100wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.大学生了解社会的必要性。2,了解社会的途径(大众媒介、社会服务等)3.我打算怎么做。GettingtoKnowtheWorldOutsidetheCampus

95参考答案PartI1.B2.C3.A4.C5.D6.D7.B8.C9.A10.APartII11.C12.D13.B14.A15.B16.C17.A18.D19.A20.B21.D22.A23.B24.C25.D26.C27.D28.A29.C30.BPartIII31.D32.C33.B34.D35.A36.A37.B38.D39.B40.C41.C42.B43.A44.B45.D46.A47.A48.C49.A50.D51.D52.A53.C54.B55.C56.A57.B58.D59.D60.CPartIV61.D62.C63.B64.A65.C

9666.B67.C68.D69.D70.C71.A72.C73.B74.A75.D76.B77.B78.A79.D80.A51.typical52.relatively53.boring54.describe55.variety56.normal57.uniform58.sevenbadmenjumpedout,onemanhadaknifeandwegotintoafight.59.Shewastryingtogettothehospital,buttherewasabadtrafficjam.S10.thebabywaitedto“arrive“untilwegottothehospital.（三）PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionA1.A)Themanwantstoattendtomorrow'sshow.B)Therearen'tanyticketsleftfortonight'sshow.C)Therearen'tanyticketsleftfortomorrow'sshow.D)Themandoesn'twanttoattendtomorrow'sshow.2.A)Detectivestories.

97B)Storiesaboutjailescapes.C)Lovestories.D)Storiesaboutroyalfamilies.1.A)Itwasalonglecture,buteasytounderstand.B)Itwasnotaseasyasshehadthought.C)Itwasasdifficultasshehadexpected.D)Itwasinterestingandeasytofollow.2.A)Toputhimthroughtothedirector.B)Tohaveatalkwiththedirectorabouthiswork.C)rFoarrangeanappointmentforhimwiththedirector.D)lbgoandseeifthedirectorcanmeethimrightnow.3.A)Margaretwantedtoreturnsomemagazinestothewoman.B)Margaretwantedtolendsomemagazinestothewoman.C)Margaretwantedtoborrowsomemagazinesfromthewoman.D)Margaretwantedtogetsomemagazinesbackfromthewoman.4.A)Hedoesn'tcaremuchaboutit.B)Heenjoysitverymuch.C)Hedoesn'tmindeventhoughit'stedious.D)Hehatesworkingovertime.5.A)Thewomandoesn'tthinkitexcitingtotravelbyair.B)They'llstayathomeduringtheholidays.C)Theyareofferedsomeplaneticketsfortheirholidays.D)They'llbeflyingsomewherefortheirvacation.6.A)Somethingwentwrongwiththebus.B)Shetooksomebodytohospital.C)Somethingpreventedherfromcatchingthebus.D)Shecameonfootinsteadoftakingabus.7.A)Doherhomework.B)Cleanthebackyard.C)Washclothes.D)Enjoythebeautifulday.8.A)Themanislookingforaplacetolivein.B)Themanhasahouseforrent.C)Thewomanisasecretary.

98B)Thetwospeakersareoldfriends.SectionBCompoundDictationVeryfewpeoplecangetcollegedegreebefore11,butMichaelwasanexception.Hestartedhighschoolwhenhewas5,finishinjustninemonths.Hebecamethe(SI)youngestcollegegraduatewhenhewas10yearsand4monthsold,earningan(S2)degree.Nowat11Michael'sworkingonamaster'sdegreein(S3)intelligence.ButMichael's(S4)hasn'talwayscomeeasy.(S5)hisintelligence.Hestilllacksimportantlife(S6).Inoneclass,hehadtostruggletounderstand(S7)novels,because,hesays,'Tm11.I'veneverbeeninlovebefore."Anotherchallengewashissize.(S8).Helikescomputerssomuch(S9)Hewantstomakerobotsdoalltheheavytasks.(S10)PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)PassageOneQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inbringingupchildren,everyparentwatcheseagerlythechild'sacquisition(学会)ofeachnewskill-thefirstspokenwords,thefirstindependentsteps,orthebeginningofreadingandwriting.Itisoftentemptingtohurrythechildbeyondhisnaturallearningrate,butthiscansetupdangerousfeelingsoffailureandstatesofworryinthechild:Thismighthappenatanystage.Ababymightbeforcedtouseatoilettooearly,ayoungchildmightbeencouragedtolearntoreadbeforeheknowsthemeaningofthewordshereads.Ontheotherhand,though,ifachildisleftalonetoomuch,orwithoutanylearningopportunities,heloseshisnaturalenthusiasmforlifeandhisdesiretofindoutnewthingsforhimself.Patentsvarygreatlyintheirdegreeofstrictnesstowardstheirchildren.Somemaybeespeciallystrictinmoneymatters.Othersareseverovertimesofcominghomeatnightorpunctualityformeals.Ingeneral,thecontrolsimposedrepresenttheneedsoftheparentsandthevaluesofthecommunityasmuchasthechild'sownhappiness.Asregardsthedevelopmentofmoralstandardsinthegrowingchild,consistencyisveryimportantinparentalteaching,lbforbidathingonedayandexcuseitthenextisnofoundationformorality(道徳).Also,parentsshouldrealizethat"exampleisbetterthanprecept".Iftheyarenotsincereanddonotpractisewhattheypreach(说教)，theirchildrenmaygrowconfused,andemotionallyinsecurewhentheygrowoldenoughtothinkforthemselves,andrealizetheyhavebeentosomeextentfooled.Asuddenawarenessofamarkeddifferencebetweentheirparents'principlesandtheirmoralscanbeadangerousdisappointment.11.Eagerlywatchingthechild'sacquisitionofnewskills.

99A)shouldbeavoidedB)isuniversalamongparentsC)setsupdangerousstatesofworryinthechildD)willmakehimloseinterestinlearningnewthings11.Intheprocessofchildren'slearningnewskillsparents.A)shouldencouragethemtoreadbeforetheyknowthemeaningofthewordstheyreadB)shouldnotexpecttoomuchofthemC)shouldachieveabalancebetweenpushingthemtoohardandleavingthemontheirownD)shouldcreateasmanylearningopportunitiesaspossible12.Thesecondparagraphmainlytellsusthat.A)parentsshouldbestrictwiththeirchildrenB)parentalcontrolsreflectonlytheneedsoftheparentsandthevaluesofthecommunityC)parentalrestrictionsvary,andarenotalwaysenforcedforthebenefitofthechildrenaloneD)parentsvaryintheirstrictnesstowardstheirchildrenaccordingtothesituation13.Theword“precept”(Line3,Para.3)probablymeans””.A)ideaB)punishmentC)behaviorD)instruction14.Inmoralmatters,parentsshould.A)observetherulesthemselvesB)beawareofthemarkeddifferencebetweenadultsandchildrenC)forbidthingswhichhavenofoundationinmoralityD)consistentlyensurethesecurityoftheirchildrenPassageTwoQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Agoodmodernnewspaperisanextraordinarypieceofreading.Itisremarkablefirstforwhatitcontains:therangeofnewsfromlocalcrimetointernationalpolitics,fromsporttobusinesstofashiontoscience,andtherangeofcommentandspecialfeatures(特写)aswell,fromeditorialpagetofeaturearticlesandinterviewstocriticismofbooks,art,theatreandmusic.Anewspaperisevenmoreremarkableforthewayonereadsit:nevercompletely,neverstraightthrough,butalwaysbyjumpingfromheretothere,inandnotglancingatone

100piece,readinganotherarticleallthewaythrough,readingjustafewparagraphsofthenext.Agoodmodernnewspaperoffersvarietytoattractmanydifferentreaders,butfarmorethannayonereaderisinterestedin.Whatbringsthisvarietytogetherinoneplaceisitstopicality(时事性),itsimmediaterelationtowhatishappeninginyourworldandyourlocalitynow,butimmediacyandthespeedofproductionthatgoeswithitmeanalsothatmuchofwhatpapersinanewspaperhasnomorethantransient(短暂的)value.Forallthesereasons,notwopeoplereallyreadthesamepaper:whateachpersondoesistoputtogetheroutofthepagesofthatday'spaper,hisownselectionandsequence,hisownnewspaper.Forallthesereasons,readingnewspapersefficiently,whichmeansgettingwhatyouwantfromthemwithoutmissingthingsyouneedbutwithoutwastingtime,demandsskillandself-awarenessasyoumodifyandapplythetechniquesofreading.11.Amodernnewspaperisremarkableforallthefollowingexceptits.A)widecoverageB)uniformstyleC)speedinreportingnewsD)popularity12.Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhynotwopeoplereallyreadthe"same”newspaperisthat.A)peoplescanforthenewstheyareinterestedinB)differentpeoplepreferdifferentnewspapersC)peoplearerarelyinterestedinthesamekindofnewsD)peoplehavedifferentviewsaboutwhatagoodnewspaperis13.Itcanbeconcludefromthepassagethatnewspaperreaders.A)applyreadingtechniquesskillfullyB)jumpfromonenewspapertoanotherC)appreciatethevarietyofanewspaperD)usuallyreadanewspaperselectively14.Agoodnewspaperoffers“avariety"toreadersbecause.A)ittriestoservedifferentreadersB)ithastocoverthingsthathappeninacertainlocalityC)readersaredifficulttopleaseD)readersliketoreaddifferentnewspapers15.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe"".A)TheImportanceofNewspaperTopicalityB)TheCharacteristicsofaGoodNewspaperC)TheVarietyofaGoodNewspaperD)SomeSuggestionsonHowtoReadaNewspaper

101PassageThreeQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Americansocietyisnotnap(午睡)friendly.Infact,saysDavidDinges,asleepspecialistattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaSchoolofMedicine."There'sevenaprohibitionagainstadmittingweneedsleep."Nobodywantstobecaughtnappingorfoundasleepatwork.Toquoteproverb:4tSomesleepfivehours,naturerequiresseven,lazinessnineandwickednesseleven."Wrong.Thewaynottofallasleepatworkistotakenapswhenyouneedthem.44Wehavetototallychangeourattitudetowardnapping",saysDr.WilliamDementofStanfordUniversity,thegodfatherofsleepresearch.LastyearanationalcommissionledbyDementidentifiedan"Americansleepdebt"whichonemembersaidwasasimportantasthenationaldebt,thecommissionwasconcernedaboutthedangersofsleepiness:peoplecausingindustrialaccidentsorfallingasleepwhiledriving.ThismaybewhywehaveanewsleeppolicyintheWhiteHouse.Accordingtorecentreports,presidentClintonistryingtotakeahalf-hoursnooze(打瞌睡)everyafternoon.About60percentofAmericanadultsnapwhengiventheopportunity.Weseemtohave“amidafternoonquietphase"alsocalled“asecondarysleepgate."Sleeping15minutestotwohoursintheearlyafternooncanreducestressandmakeusrefreshed.Clearly,wewereborntonap.WeSuperstarsofSnoozedon'tnaptoreplacelostshut-eyeortoprepareforanightshift.Rather,we“snack"onsleep,whenever,whereverandatwhatevertimewefeellikeit.Imyselfhavenappedinbuses,cars,planesandonboats;onfloorsandbeds;andinlibraries,officesandmuseums.11.ItiscommonlyacceptedinAmericansocietythattoomuchsleepis.A)unreasonableB)criminalC)harmfulD)costly12.TheresearchdonebytheDementcommissionshowsthatAmericans.A)don'tliketotakenapsB)areterriblyworriedabouttheirnationaldebtC)sleeplessthanisgoodforthemD)havecausedmanyindustrialandtrafficaccidents13.Thepurposeofthisarticleisto.A)warnusofthewickednessofnappingB)explainthedangerofsleepinessC)discussthesideeffectsofnapping

102A)convincethereaderofthenecessityofnapping11.The"AmericansleepdebtM(Line1,Para.3)istheresultof.A)thetraditionalmisconceptiontheAmericanshaveaboutsleepB)thenewsleeppolicyoftheClintonAdministrationC)therapiddevelopmentofAmericanindustryD)theAmericans,worryaboutthedangerofsleepiness12.Thesecondsentenceofthelastparagraphtellsusthatitis.A)preferabletohaveasoundsleepbeforeanightshiftB)goodpracticetoeatsomethinglightbeforewegotobedC)essentialtomakeupforcostsleepD)naturaltotakeanapwheneverwefeeltheneedforitPassageFourQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Violinprodigies(神童),Ilearned,havecomeindistinctwavesfromdistinctregions.Mostofthegreatperformersifthelate19thandearly20thcenturieswerebomandbroughtupinRussiaandEasternEurope.IaskedIsaacStern,oneoftheworld'sgreatestvioliniststhereasonforthisphenomenon.'*Itisveryclear,“hetoldme."TheywereallJews(犹太人)andJewsatthetimewereseverelyoppressedandill-treatedinthatpartoftheworld.rTheywerenotallowedintotheprofessionalfields,buttheywereallowedtoachieveexcellenceonaconcertstage."Asaresult,everyJewishparent'sdreamwastohaveachildinthemusicschoolbecauseitwasapassporttotheWest.Anotherelementintheemergenceofprodigies,Ifound,isasocietythatvaluesexcellenceinacertainfieldtonurture(培冃)talent.Nowadays,themostnurturingsocietiesseemtobeintheFarEast."InJapan,amostcompetitivesociety,withstrongerdisciplinethanours,''saysIsaacStem,childrenarereadytotesttheirlimitseverydayinmanyfields,includingmusic.WhenWesternmusiccametoJapanafterWorldWarII,thatmusicnotonlybecamepartoftheirdailylives,butitbecameadisciplineaswell.TheKoreansandChineseasweknow,arejustashighlymotivatedastheJapanese.That'sagoodthing,becauseevenprodigiesmustworkhard.Nexttohardwork,biologicalinheritanceplaysanimportantroleinthemakingofaprodigy.J.S.Bach,forexample,wasthetopofseveralgenerationsofmusicians,andfourofhissonshadsignificantcareersinmusic.13.JewishparentsinEasternEuropelongedfortheirchildrentoattendmusicschoolbecause.A)itwouldallowthemaccesstoabetterlifeintheWestB)JewishchildrenarebornwithexcellentmusicaltalentC)theywantedtheirchildrentoenterintotheprofessionalfieldD)itwouldenablethefamilytogetbettertreatmentintheirowncountry

10311.Nurturingsocietiesasmentionedinthepassagerefertosocietiesthat,.A)enforcestrongdisciplineonstudentswhowanttoachieveexcellenceB)treasuretalentandprovideopportunitiesforitsfulldevelopmentC)encouragepeopletocompetewitheachotherD)promisetalentedchildrenhighpositions12.Japanisdescribedinthepassageasacountrythatattachesimportanceto.A)all-rounddevelopmentB)thelearningofWesternmusicC)stricttrainingofchildrenD)varietyinacademicstudies13.Whichofthefollowingcontributestotheemergenceofmusicalprodigiesaccordingtothepassage?A)Anaturalgift.B)Extensiveknowledgeofmusic.C)Veryearlytraining.D)Aprejudice-freesociety.14.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsummarisesthemainideaofthepassage?A)JewishContributiontoMusicB)TrainingofMusiciansintheWorldC)MusicandSocietyD)TheMakingofProdigiesPartIIIVocabularyandStructure(20minutes)15.Althoughpunctualhimself,theprofessorwasquiteusedlateforhislecture.A)tohavestudentsB)forstudents'beingC)forstudentstobeD)tostudents'being16.Youshouldhavebeenmorepatientthatcustomer;I'msurethatsellinghimthewatchwasapossibility.A)ofB)withC)forD)at17.Neitheroftheyoungmenwhohadappliedforapositionintheuniversity

104A)hasbeenacceptedB)havebeenacceptedC)wasacceptedD)wereaccepted11.Thisboxistooheavy,givemeahand?A)wouldyoumindB)wouldyoupleaseC)willyouliketoD)willyoupleaseto12.heworkshard,Idon'tmindwhenhefinishestheexperiment.A)AssoonasB)AswellasC)SofarasD)Solongas13.Asearlyas1647Ohiomadeadecisionthatfree,tax-supportedschoolsmustbeestablishedineverytown50householdsormore.A)havingB)tohaveC)tohavehadD)havinghad14.Peopleappreciatewithhimbecausehehasagoodsenseofhumor.A)toworkB)tohaveworkedC)workingD)havingworked15.Themanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthehimself.A)injureB)hadinjuredC)injuredD)wouldinjure16.Welovepeace,yetwearenotthekindofpeopletoyieldanymilitarythreat.A)upB)to

105C)inD)at11.Althoughheknewlittleaboutthelargeamountofworkdoneinthefield,hesucceededothermorewell-informedexperimentersfailed.A)whichB)thatC)whatD)where12.Iftapwaterwereasdangerousassomepeoplethink,wouldbegettingsick.A)alotofmoreusB)morealotofusC)alotofusmoreD)alotmoreofus13.LivinginthecentralAustraliandeserthasitsproblems.obtainingwaterisnottheleast.A)forwhichB)towhichC)ofwhichD)inwhich14.Whichsporthasthemostexpensestrainingequipment,players'personalequipmentanduniforms?A)inplaceofB)intermsofC)bymeansofD)bywayof15.Theyaregoingtohavetheservicemananelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.A)installB)toinstallC)tobeinstalledD)installed16.I'msureheisuptothejobhewouldgivehismindtoit.A)ifonlyB)incaseC)untilD)unless

10611.Thecarhalfwayfornoreason.A)brokeoffB)brokedownC)brokeupD)brokeout12.Thenewcomersfounditimpossibletothemselvestotheclimatesufficientlytomakepermanenthomesinthenewcountry.A)suitB)adaptC)regulateD)coordinate13.Atothisproblemisexpectedtobefoundbeforelong.A)resultB)responseC)settlementD)solution14.Youhavenothingtobyrefusingtolistentoouradvice.A)gainB)graspC)seizeD)earn15.Asaresultofcarelesswashingthejackettoachild'ssize.A)compressedB)shrankC)droppedD)decreased16.HehopedthefirmwouldhimtotheParisbranch.A)exchangeB)transmitC)transferD)remove17.Havingdecidedtorentaflat,wecontactingalltheaccommodationagenciesinthecity.A)setaboutB)setdownC)setout

107A)setup11.Therelationshipbetweenemployersandemployeeshasbeenstudied.A)originallyB)extremelyC)violentlyD)intensively12.theirdifferences.Thecoupleweredevelopinganobviousandgenuineaffectionforeachother.A)ButforB)ForallC)AboveallD)Exceptfor13.OnedayIanewspaperarticleabouttheretirementofanEnglishprofessoratanearbystatecollege.A)cameacrossB)cameaboutC)cameafterD)cameat14.Shewascomplainingthatthedoctorwastoomuchforthetreatmenthewasgivingher.A)expendingB)offeringC)costingD)charging15.Themanagerspokehighlyofsuchasloyalty,courageandtruthfulnessshownbyhisemployees.A)virtuesB)featuresC)propertiesD)characteristics16.Sincethematterwasextremely,wedealtwithitimmediately.A)toughB)tenseC)urgentD)instant

10811.Youdon'thavetobeinsuchahurry,Iwouldratheryouonbusinessfirst.A)wouldgoB)willgoC)wentD)havegone12.WhenItrytounderstandthatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasonemightexpect,itseemstomethattherearetwocauses.A)whyitdoesB)whatitdoesC)whatitisD)whyitisPartIVCloze(15minutes)Duringrecentyearswehaveheardmuchabout"race":howthisracedoescertainthingsandthatracebelievescertainthingsandsoon.Yet,the61phenomenonofraceconsistsofafewsurfaceindications.Wejudgeraceusually62thecolouringoftheskin:awhiterace,abrownrace,ayellowraceandablackrace.But63youweretoremovetheskinyoucouldnot64anythingabouttheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Thereis65inphysicalstructure,thebrainortheinternalorgansto66adifference.Therearefourtypesofblood.67typesarefoundineveryrace,andnotypeisdistincttoanyrace.Humanbrainsarethe68.Noscientistscouldexamineabrainandtellyoutheracetowhichtheindividualbelonged.Brainswill69insize,butthisoccurswithineveryrace.70doessizehaveanythingtodowithintelligence.Thelargestbrain71examinedbelongedtoapersonofweak72.Ontheotherhand,someofourmostdistinguished,peoplehavehad73brains.Mentaltestswhicharereasonably74shownodifferencesinintelligencebetweenraces.Highandlowtestresultsbothcanberecordedbydifferentmembersofanyrace.75equaleducationaladvantages,therewillbenodifferenceinaveragestandings,eitheronaccountofraceorgeographicallocation.Individualsofeveryrace76civilizationtogobackwardorforward.Trainingandeducationcanchangetheresponseofagroupofpeople77enablethemtobehaveina78way.Thebehaviorandidealsofpeoplechangeaccordingtocircumstances,buttheycanalwaysgobackorgoontosomethingnew79isbetterandhigherthananything80thepast.61.A)complete65.A)somethingB)fullB)everythingC)totalC)nothingD)wholeD)anything

10962.A)in66.A)displayB)fromB)indicateC)atC)demonstrateD)onD)appear63.A)since67.A)AllB)ifB)MostC)asC)NoD)whileD)Some64.A)speak68.A)sameB)talkB)identicalC)tellC)similarD)mentionD)alike

11069.A)remain75.A)ProvidedB)increaseB)ConcerningC)decreaseC)GivenD)varyD)Following70.A)Only76.A)makeB)OrB)causeC)NorC)moveD)SoD)turn71.A)ever77.A)andB)thenB)butC)neverC)thoughD)onceD)so72.A)health78.A)ordinaryB)bodyB)peculiarC)mindC)usualD)thoughtD)common73.A)big79.A)thatB)smallB)whatC)minorC)whicheverD)majorD)whatever74.A)true80.A)forB)exactB)toC)certainC)withinD)accurateD)inPartIVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHarmfulnessofFakeCommodities.Youshouldwriteatleast100wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品(fakecommodities)□为什么会有这种现象?

1111.举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。HarmfulnessofFakeCommodities参考答案PartI1.B2.C3.B4.C5.D6.B7.D8.A9.C10.APartII11.B12.C13.C14.D15.A16.B17.C18.D19.A20.B21.A22.C23.D24.A25.D26.A27.B28.C29.A30.DPartIII31.D32.B33.C34.B35.D36.A37.D38.C39.B40.A41.A42.B43.B44.D45.A46.B47.C48.A49.D50.B51.A52.D53.A54.C55.C56.C57.D58.B59.B60.C

112PartIV61.C62.B63.A64.A65.D66.C67.A68.A69.D70.C71.A72.C73.B74.D75.C76.B77.A78.D79.A80.D51.world's52.architectural53.artificial54.success55.Despite56.experiences57.romantic58.Highschoolphysicaleducationwasdifficultbecausealloftheequipmentwastoobigforthethenfive-year-oldstudent.59.thatingraduateschoolhewasstudyinghowtomakethemthinklikepeople.S10.Michaelissmart,butheislikeeveryotherkid.（四）PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionA1.A)Theyaretwins.B)Theyareclassmates.C)Theyarefriends.D)Theyarecolleagues.

1131.A)ThemanisplanningatriptoAustin.B)ThemanhasnotbeentoAustinbefore.C)Themandoesn'tlikeAustin.D)ThemanhasbeentoAustinbefore.2.A)Thesizeoftheroom.B)Longworkinghours.C)Thehotweather.D)Thefanintheroom.3.A)Themanhaschangedhisdestination.B)Themanisreturninghisticket.C)rFhemanisflyingtoNewYorktomorrowmorning.D)Themancan'tmanagetogotoNewYorkasplanned.4.A)Itisdifficulttoidentify.B)Ithasbeenmisplaced.C)Itismissing.D)Ithasbeenborrowedbysomeone.5.A)Lookingforatimetable.B)Buyingsomefurniture.C)Reservingatable.D)Windowshopping.6.A)Coldandwindy.B)Snowwillbereplacedbystrongwinds.C)Itwillgetbetter.D)Rainyandcold.7.A)Itisnolongeravailable.B)Ithasbeenreprintedfourtimes.C)Thestoredoesn'thaveitnow,butwillhaveitsoon.D)Theinformationinthebookisoutofdate.8.A)Henrydoesn'tlikethecolor.B)Someoneelsepaintedthehouse.C)Therewasnoladderinthehouse.D)Henrypaintedthehousehimself.9.A)Inacottonfield.

114B)Atarailwaystation.C)Onafarm.D)Onatrain.SectionBPassageoneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.1.A)Theyinvitedhimtoaparty.B)Theyaskedhimtomakeaspeech.C)Theygaveaspecialdinnerforhim.D)Theyinvitedhiswifetoattendthedinner.2.A)Hewasembarrassed.B)Hefeltgreatlyencouraged.C)Hefeltsad.D)Hewasdeeplytouched.3.A)Sam'swifedidnotthinkthatthecompanywasfairtoSam.B)Sam'swifewassatisfiedwiththegoldwatch.C)Samdidnotlikethegoldwatch.D)Thecompanyhadsomefinancialproblems.PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.4.A)Thenumberofstudentstheytakeinislimited.B)Theyreceivelittleornosupportfrompublictaxes.C)Theyareonlyopentochildrenfromrichfamilies.D)Theyhavetopaymoretaxes.5.A)Privateschoolsadmitmorestudents.B)Privateschoolschargelessthanreligiousschools.C)Privateschoolsrunavarietyofprograms.D)Privateschoolsallowstudentstoenjoymorefreedom.6.A)Thechurches.

115B)Theprogramdesigners.C)Thelocalauthorities.D)Thestategovernment.PassageThreeQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.1.A)Shewasfoundstealinginabookstore.B)Shecaughtsomeoneintheactofstealing.C)Sheadmittedhavingstolensomething.D)Shesaidshewaswronglyaccusedofstealing.2.A)Abook.B)$3,000.C)Ahandbag.D)AChristmascard.3.A)Shewasquestionedbythepolice.B)Shewasshutinasmallroomfor20minutes.C)Shewasinsultedbytheshopperaroundher.D)Shewasbody-searchedbythestoremanager.4.A)Theyrefusedtoapologizeforhavingfollowedherthroughthetown.B)Theyregrettedhavingwronglyaccusedherofstealing.C)Theystillsuspectedthatshewasathief.D)Theagreedtopayher$3,000damages.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.PsychologistGeorgeSpilichandcolleaguesatWashingtonCollegeinChestertown,Maryland,decidedtofindoutwhether,asmanysmokerssay,smokinghelpsthemto“thinkandconcentrate.Spilichputyoungnon-smokers,activesmokersandsmokersdeprived(被录リ夺)ofcigarettesthroughaseriesoftests.Inthefirsttest,eachsubject(试验对象)satbeforeacomputerscreenandpressedakeyassoonasheorsherecognizedatargetletteramongagroupingof96.Inthissimpletest,smokers,deprivedsmokersandnon-smokersperformedequallywell.

116Thenexttestwasmorecomplex,requiringalltoscansequencesof20identicallettersandrespondtheinstantoneoftheletterstransformedintoadifferentone.Non-smokerswerefaster,butunderthestimulationofnicotine(尼古丁),activesmokerswerefasterthandeprivedsmokers.Inthethirdtestofshort-termmemory,non-smokersmadethefewesterrors,butdeprivedsmokerscommittedfewererrorsthanactivesmokers.Thefourthtestrequiredpeopletoreadapassage,thenanswerquestionsaboutit.Non-smokersremembered19percentmoreofthemostimportantinformationthanactivesmokers,anddeprivedsmokersbestedthosewhohadsmokedacigarettejustbeforetesting.Activesmokerstendednotonlytohavepoorermemoriesbutalsohadtroubleseparatingimportantinformationfrominsignificantdetails."Asourtestsbecamemorecomplex/9sumsupSpilich,"non-smokersperformedbetterthansmokersbywiderandwidermargins99Hepredicts,"smokersmightperformadequatelyatmanyjobs-untiltheygotcomplicated.Asmokingairlinepilotcouldflyadequatelyifnoproblemsarose,butifsomethingwentwrong,smokingmightdamagehismentalcapacity.991.ThepurposeofGeorgeSpilich9sexperimentsis.A)totestwhethersmokinghasapositiveeffectonthementalcapacityofsmokersB)toshowhowsmokingdamagespeople'smentalcapacityC)toprovethatsmokingaffectspeople'sregularperfonnanceD)tofindoutwhethersmokinghelpspeople'sshort-termmemory2.GeorgeSpilich'sexperimentwasconductedinsuchawayasto.A)compelthesubjectstoseparatemajorinformationfromminordetailsB)putthesubjectsthroughincreasinglycomplextestsC)checktheeffectivenessofnicotineonsmokersD)registerthepromptresponsesofthesubjects3.Theword“bested”(Line3,Para.5)mostprobablymeans.A)beatB)enviedC)caughtupwithD)madethebestof4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A)Activesmokersingeneralperformedbetterthandeprivedsmokers.B)Activesmokersrespondedmorequicklythantheothersubjects.C)Non-smokerswerenotbetterthanothersubjectsinperformingsimpletasks.D)Deprivedsmokersgavetheslowestresponsestothevarioustasks.5.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat.A)smokersshouldnotexpecttobecomeairlinepilots

117A)smokinginemergencycasescausesmentalillnessB)noairlinepilotssmokeduringflightsC)smokersmayproveunequaltohandingemergencycasesPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thereisnodenyingthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingabouthowcomputerswork,justasweexpectthematleasttounderstandthattheinternal-combustionengine(内燃机)hassomethingtodowithburningfuel,expandinggasesandpistons(活塞)beingdriven.Forpeopleshouldhavesomebasicideaofhowthethingsthattheyusedowhattheydo.Further,studentsmightbehelpedbyacoursethatconsidersthecomputer'simpactonsociety.Butthatisnotwhatismeantbycomputerliteracy.Forcomputerliteracyisnotaformofliteracy(读写自自カ)；itisatradeskillthatshouldnotbetaughtasaliberalart.Learninghowtouseacomputerandlearninghowtoprogramonearetwodistinctactivities.Acasemightbemadethatthecompetentcitizensoftomorrowshouldfreethemselvesfromtheirfearofcomputers.Butthisisquitedifferentfromsayingthatalloughttoknowhowtoprogramone.Leavethattopeoplewhohavechosenprogrammingasacareer.Whileprogrammingcanbelotsoffun,andwhileoursocietyneedssomepeoplewhoareexpertsatit,thesameistrueofautorepaidandviolin-making.Learninghowtouseacomputerisnotthatdifficult,anditgetseasierallthetimeasprogramsbecomemore“user-friendly”.Letusassumethatinthefutureeveryoneisgoingtohavetoknowhowtouseacomputertobeacompetentcitizen.Whatdoesthephrase"learningtouseacomputer"mean?Itsoundslike"learningtodriveacar",thatis,itsoundsasifthereissomesetofdefiniteskillsthat,onceacquired,enableonetouseacomputer.Infact,"learningtouseacomputer"ismuchmorelike"learningtoplayagame",butlearningtherulesofonegamemaynothelpyouplayasecondgame,whoserulesmaynotbethesame.Thereisnosuchathingasteachingsomeonehowtouseacomputer.Onecanonlyteachpeopletousethisorthatprogramandgenerallythatiseasilyaccomplished.1.Tobethecompetentcitizensoftomorrow,peopleshould.A)trytolayasolidfoundationincomputerscienceB)beawareofhowthethingsthattheyusedowhattheydoC)learntouseacomputerbyacquiringacertainsetofskillsD)understandthatprogrammingacomputerismoreessentialthanrepairingacar2.Inthesecondparagraph"violin-making"ismentionedtoshowthat.A)programmingacomputerisasinterestingasmakingaviolinB)oursocietyneedsexpertsindifferentfieldsC)violin-makingrequiresasmuchskillascomputerprogrammingD)peoplewhocanuseacomputerdon'tnecessarilyhavetoknowcomputerprogramming

1181.Learningtouseacomputerisgettingeasierallthetimebecause.A)programsarebecominglesscomplicatedB)programsaredesignedtobeconvenienttousersC)programmingisbecomingeasierandeasierD)programsarebecomingreadilyavailabletocomputerusers2.Accordingtotheauthor,thephrase"learningtouseacomputer"(Lines3-4,Para.3)meanslearning.A)asetofrulesB)thefundamentalsofcomputerscienceC)specificprogramsD)generalprinciplesofprogramming3.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageis.A)tostresstheimpactofthecomputeronsocietyB)toexplaintheconceptofthecomputerliteracyC)toillustratetherequirementsforbeingcompetentcitizensoftomorrowD)toemphasizethatcomputerprogrammingisaninterestingandchallengingjobPassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,painfreelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofeverattainingrealhappiness,iffunandpleasureareequaltohappinessthenpainmustbeequaltounhappiness.Butinfact,theoppositeistrue:moreoftenthannotthingsthatleadtohappinessinvolvesomepain.Asaresult,manypeopleavoidtheveryattemptsthatarethesourceoftruehappiness.Theyfearthepaininevitablybroughtbysuchthingsasmarriage,raisingchildren,professionalachievement,religiouscommitment(承担的义务),self-improvement.Askabachelor(单身汉)whyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfying.Ifheishonesthewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment.Forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventure,excitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures.Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenight'ssleeporathree-dayvacation.Idon'tknowanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfuntodescriberaisingchildren.Butcoupleswhodecidenottohavechildrenneverknowthejoysofwatchingachildgrowuporofplayingwithagrandchild.Understandingandacceptingthattruehappinesshasnothingtodowithfunisoneofthemostliberatingrealizations.Itliberatestime:nowwecandevotemorehourstoactivitiesthatcangenuinelyincreaseourhappiness.Itliberatesmoney:buyingthatnewcarorthosefancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspointless.Andit

119liberatesusfromenvy:wenowunderstandthatallthosewhoarealwayshavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall.1.Accordingtotheauthor,abachelorresistsmarriagechieflybecause.A)heisreluctanttotakeonfamilyresponsibilitiesB)hebelievesthatlifewillbemorecheerfulifheremainssingleC)hefindsmorefunindatingthaninmarriageD)hefearsitwillputanendtoallhisfunadventureandexcitement2.Raisingchildren,intheauthor'sopinion,is.A)amoraldutyB)athanklessjobC)arewardingtaskD)asourceofinevitablepain3.Fromthelastparagraph,welearnthatenvysometimesstemsfrom.A)hatredB)misunderstandingC)prejudiceD)ignorance4.Tounderstandwhattruehappinessisonemust.A)haveasmuchrunaspossibleduringone'slifetimeB)makeeveryefforttoliberateoneselffrompainC)putupwithpainunderallcircumstancesD)beabletodistinguishhappinessfromfun5.Whatistheauthortryingtotellus?A)Happinessoftengoeshandinhandwithpain.B)Onemustknowhowtoattainhappiness.C)Itisimportanttomakecommitments.D)Itispainthatleadstohappiness.PassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.It'sveryinterestingtonotewherethedebateaboutdiversity(多样化)istakingplace.Itistakingplaceprimarilyinpoliticalcircles.HereattheCollegeFund,wehavealotofcontactwithtopcorporate(公司的)leaders;noneofthemistalkingaboutgettingridofthoseinstrumentsthatproducediversity.Infact,theysaythatiftheircompaniesaretocompeteintheglobalvillageandintheglobalmarketplace,diversityisanimperative.Theyalsosaythattheneedfortalented,skilledAmericansmeanswehavetoexpandthepool

120meanspromotingpoliciesthathelpprovideskillstomoreminorities,morewomenandmoreimmigrants.Corporateleadersknowthatifthatdoesn'toccurinoursociety,theywillnothavetheengineers,thescientist,thelawyers,orthebusinessmanagerstheywillneed.Likewise,Idon'thearpeopleintheacademysaying.t4Let'sgobackward.Let'sgobacktothegoodolddays,whenwehadameritocracy(不拘一格选人才)“(whichwasnevertrue-weneverhadameritocracy,althoughwe'vecomeclosetoitinthelast30years).IrecentlyvisitedagreatlittlecollegeinNewYorkwherethecampushaddoubleditsminoritypopulationinthelastsixyears.ItalkedwithanAfricanAmericanwhohasbeenaprofessorthereforalongtime,andsheremembersthatwhenshefirstjoinedthecommunity,therewerefewerthanahandfulofminoritiesoncampus.Now,allofusfeeltheuniversityisbetterbecauseofthediversity.Sowherewehearthisdebateisprimarilyinpoliticalcirclesandinthemedia-notincorporateboardroomsoroncollegecampuses.1.Theword“imperative”(Line5,Para.1)mostprobablyreferstosomethingA)superficialB)remarkableC)debatableD)essential2.Whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplestilldifferintheirviewsondiversity?A)Minorities.B)Politicians.C)Professors.D)Managers.3.HighcorporateleadersseemtobeinfavorofpromotingdiversitysoastoA)lowertherateofunemploymentB)winequalpoliticalrightsforminoritiesC)becompetitiveintheworldmarketD)satisfythedemandsofagrowingpopulation4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A)meritocracycanneverberealizedwithoutdiversityB)AmericanpoliticalcircleswillnotacceptdiversityC)itisunlikelythatdiversitywilloccurintheU.S.mediaD)minoritiescanonlyenterthefieldswherenodebateisheardaboutdiversity5.AccordingtothepassagediversitycanbeachievedinAmericansocietybyA)expandingthepoolofpotentialemployees

121A)promotingpoliciesthatprovideskillstoemployeesB)trainingmoreengineers,scientistslawyersandbusinessmanagersC)providingeducationforallregardlessofraceorsexPartIIIVocabularyandStructure(20minutes)1.Thelasthalfofthenineteenthcenturythesteadyimprovementinthemeansoftravel.A)haswitnessedB)waswitnessedC)witnessedD)iswitnessed2.Theshygirlfeltanduncomfortablewhenshecouldnotanswerherteacher'squestions.A)amazedB)awkwardC)curiousD)amused3.Annneverdreamsofforhertobesentabroadverysoon.A)therebeingachanceB)theretobeachanceC)therebeachanceD)beingachance4.Itwasverykindofyoutodothewashing-up,butyouit.A)mustn'thavedoneB)wouldn'thavedoneC)mightn'thavedoneD)didn'thavetodo5.Frequentlysingle-parentchildrensomeofthefunctionsthattheabsentadultinthehousewouldhaveserved.A)takeoffB)takeafterC)takeinD)takeon6.Hegivespeopletheimpressionallhislifebroad.A)ofhavingspent

122A)tohavespentB)ofbeingspentC)tospend1.Apeculiarlypointedchinishismostmemorablefacial.A)markB)featureC)traceD)appearance2.Fdratheryoumakeanycommentontheissueforthetimebeing.A)don'tB)wouldn'tC)didn'tD)shouldn't3.Allthings,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.A)consideredB)beconsideredC)consideringD)havingconsidered4.JohnDeweybelievedthateducationshouldbeapreparationforlife,thatapersonlearnsbydoing,andthatteachingmustthecuriosityandcreativityofchildren.A)seekB)stimulateC)shapeD)secure5.Criticismandself-criticismisnecessaryithelpsustofindandcorrectourmistakes.A)bythatB)atthatC)onthatD)inthat6.However,attimesthisbalanceinnatureis,resultinginanumberofpossiblyunforeseeneffects.A)troubledB)disturbed

123A)confusedB)puzzled1.Ifshedoesn'ttellhimthetruthnow,he'llsimplykeeponaskingheruntilsheA)doesB)hasdoneC)willdoD)woulddo2.Thepatient'shealthfailedtosuchanextentthathewasputintocare.A)tenseB)rigidC)intensiveD)tight3.Doeseveryoneonearthhaveanequalrightanequalshareofitsresources?A)byB)atC)toD)over4.Americanseatastheyactuallyneedeveryday.A)twiceasmuchproteinB)twiceproteinasmuchtwiceC)twiceproteinasmuchD)proteinastwicemuch5.In1914,anapparentlyinsignificanteventinaremotepartofEasternEuropeEuropeintoagreatwar.A)insertedB)imposedC)pitchedD)plunged6.TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofdoingthings,isoftenthecaseinothercountries.A)asB)whatC)soD)that

1241.Therearefewelectronicapplicationstoraisefearsregardingfutureemploymentopportunitiesthanrobots.A)likelyB)morelikelyC)mostlikelyD)muchlikely2.Wehadtoalotofnoisewhenthechildrenwereathome.A)goinforB)holdontoC)putupwithD)keeppacewith3.Whathesaidjustnowhadlittletodowiththequestiondiscussion.A)onB)inC)underD)at4.Weneedachairman.A)forwhomeveryonehasconfidenceB)inwhomeveryonehasconfidenceC)whoeveryonehasconfidenceofD)whomeveryonehasconfidenceon5.Overathirdofthepopulationwasestimatedtohavenotothehealthservice.A)assessmentB)assignmentC)exceptionD)access6.Excuseme.IfyourcalFsnottoourgent,doyoumindminefirst?A)ImakeB)ifImakeC)metomakeD)thatImake7.ProfessorTaylor'stalkhasindicatedthatsciencehasaverystrongontheeverydaylifeofnon-scientistsaswellasscientists.A)motivationB)perspective

125A)impressionB)impact1.Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydispute.A)beingsettledB)tobesettledC)hadsettledD)assettled2.Floodscausebillionsofdollarsworthofpropertydamage.A)relativelyB)actuallyC)annuallyD)comparatively3.Weareallfbryourproposalthatthediscussion.A)beputoffB)wasputoffC)shouldputoffD)istoputoff4.Thesegoodsareforexport,thoughafewofthemmaybesoldonthehomemarket.A)essentiallyB)completelyC)necessarilyD)remarkably5.Thecoursenormallyattracts20studentsperyear,uptohalfwillbefromoverseas.A)inwhichB)forwhomC)withwhichD)ofwhomPartIVCloze(15minutes)Thetaskofbeingacceptedandenrolled(招收)inauniversitybeginsearlyforsomestudents.Long71theygraduatefromhighschool.TheseStudentstakespecial72toprepareforadvancedstudy.Theymayalsotakeoneofmoreexaminationsthattesthow73preparedtheyarefortheuniversity.Inthefinalyearofhighschool,they74applicationsandsendthem,withtheirstudentrecords,totheuniversitieswhichtheyhopeto75.Somehighschoolstudentsmanybe7btohaveaninterviewwithrepresentativesoftheuniversity.Neatly,77,

126andusuallyveryfrightened,theyare78toshowthattheyhaveagoodattitudeandthe79tosucceed.Whenthenewstudentsarefinally80,theremaybeonemoresteptheyhaveto81beforeregisteringforclassesand82towork.Manycollegesanduniversities83anorientation('情况介纟召)programfornewstudents.84theseprograms,theyoungpeoplegettoknowthe85forregistrationandstudentadvising,universityrules,the86ofthelibraryandalltheother87servicesofthecollegeoruniversity.Beginninganewlifeinanewplacecanbevery88.Themoreknowledgestudentshave89theschool,theeasieritwillbeforethemto90tothenewenvironment.However,ittakestimetogetusedtocollegelife.C)well71.A)asB)afterD)muchC)since74.A)fulfillD)beforeB)finish72.C)completeA)coursesB)disciplinesD)accomplishC)majors75.A)attendD)subjectsB)participate73.A)deeplyB)widelyC)studyD)belong

12776.A)acquiredC)grantB)consideredD)supplyC)orderedD)required84.A)ForB)Among77.A)decoratedC)InB)dressedD)OnC)coatedD)worn85.A)processesB)procedures78.A)decidedC)projectsB)intendedD)provisionsC)settledD)determined86.A)applicationB)usage79.A)powerC)useB)abilityD)utilityC)possibilityD)quality87.A)majorB)prominent80.A)adoptedC)keyB)acceptedD)greatC)receivedD)permitted88.A)amusingB)misleading81.A)makeC)alarmingB)undergoD)confusingC)takeD)pass89.A)beforeB)about82.A)gettingC)onB)puttingD)atC)fallingD)sitting90.A)fitB)suit83.A)offerC)yieldB)affordD)ad叩tPartIVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicDouLuckyNumbers"ReallyBringGoodLuck?.Youshouldwriteat

128least100wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below.1.有些人认为某些数字会带来好运。2.我认为数字和运气无关,…Do"LuckyNumbers”ReallyBringGoodLuck?参考答案PartI1.A2.B3.C4.D5.B6.C7.A8.B9.B10.D11.C12.D13.A14.B15.C16.A17.D18.D19.B20.CPartII21.A22.B23.A24.C25.D26.C27.D28.B29.C30.B31.A32.C33.B34.D35.A36.D37.B38.C39.A40.D

129PartIII41.C42.B43.A44.D45.D46.A47.B48.C49.A50.B51.D52.B53.A54.C55.C56.A57.D58.A59.B60.C61.C62.B63.D64.B65.D66.D67.C68.A69.A70.DPartIV71.D72.A73.C74.C75.A76.D77.B78.D79.B80.B81.C82.A83.A84.C85.B86.C87.A88.D89.B90.D

130（五）PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionA1.A)Hewatchedtelevisionwithhisfriend.B)Hestayedathometalkingwithhisfriend.C)Hewenttoseeafilmwithhisfriend.D)Hewenttoseehisschoolmate.2.A)Whenthemeetingistobeheld.B)Whoaregoingtoattendthemeeting.C)Wherethemeetingistobeheld.D)What'stobediscussedatthemeeting.3.A)ThenecessityofwritingtoMr.Johnson.B)WhoisgoingtocontactMr.Johnson.C)rFhearrangementoftheWednesdaymeeting.D)WheretheyaregoingtomeetMr.Johnson.4.A)Jackbroughtthetapetotheparty.B)ThetapehadbeenreturnedtoPaul.C)rFhetapewasmissing.D)JacklenthistapetoPaul.5.A)Themanwantstoreservearoom.B)Themanreservedaroomsometimeago.C)Themanhasbookedaroomwithnobath.D)Themanwantstobuyaflatonthesecondfloor.6.A)Botheditionsarethesamepricenow.B)Ithastwoeditionswiththesamecover.C)Thepaperbackeditionisonsale.D)Thehardcovereditionismoreexpensive.7.A)HisTVsetsareallofthesamebrand.

131B)Hedoesn'thavethenewestmodelsrightnow.C)HehasthebestTVsetsforsale.D)HisTVsetshaveagoodsale.1.A)Hemusthandinareportaboutthemuseum.B)Hehasalreadyvisitedthemuseum.C)Hehastoreadahistorybook.D)Heistoobusytogowithher.2.A)Theyarerewarding.B)Theyareentertaining.C)Theyareboring.D)Theyaretime-consuming.3.A)Asunnyday.B)Araincoat.C)Anattractivehut.D)Alovelyhat.SectionBPassageoneQuestions11to14arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.4.A)Shesatbackandrelaxed.B)Shedecidedtoretire.C)Sheentereduniversity.D)SheworkedoutanewEnglishprogram.5.A)8years.B)20years.C)16years.D)30years.6.A)Bringagreatdealofusefulexperiencetotheuniversity.B)Improvehumanrelationshipsintheuniversity.C)Bringafearofagingamongyoungstudentsonthecampus.D)Improvethereputationoftheuniversity.7.A)SheislearningEnglishandDrama.

132B)Sheislearninghowtomakesoundjudgments.C)Sheislearninghowtoteachminoritystudents.D)Sheislearningtoperceive,nottojudge.PassageTwoQuestions15to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.1.A)Thedifferencebetweenclassicalmusicandrockmusic.B)Whyclassicalmusicispopularwithmathstudents.C)Theeffectsofmusicontheresultsofmathtests.D)Howtoimproveyourreasoningability.2.A)Becauseitstimulatesyournerveactivity.B)Becauseitkeepsyoucalm.C)Becauseitstrengthensyourmemory.D)Becauseitimprovesyourproblemsolvingstrategies.3.A)Pianomusiccouldinterferewithyourreasoningability.B)Theeffectsofmusicdonotlastlong.C)Themoreyoulistentomusic,thehigheryourtestscoreswillbe.D)Music,whetherclassicalorrock,helpsimproveyourmemory.PassageThreeQuestions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.4.A)Todrivethecarautomatically.B)Tomeasurethedriver'spulse.C)Topreventcaraccidents.D)Tomonitorthedriver'shealth.5.A)Itsendsoutsignalsforhelp.B)Itsoundsanalarmtowarnthedriver.C)Ittakesoverthedrivingimmediately.D)Itstopsthecarautomatically.6.A)Itmonitorsthesignalstransmittedfromthedriver'sbrain.B)Itcanmeasurethedriver'salcohollevelintheblood.C)Itcanquickenthedriver'sresponsetoemergencies.D)Itbasesitsanalysisonthedriver'sheartbeat.

133PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theviewoveravalleyofatinyvillagewiththatched(草盖的)roofcottagesaroundachurch;adrivethroughanarrowvillagestreetlineswiththatchedcottagespaintedpinkorwhite;thesightinpartsofEngland.MostpeoplewillagreethatthethatchedroofisanessentialpartoftheattractionoftheEnglishcountryside.ThatchingisinfacttheoldestofallthebuildingcraftspracticedintheBritishIsles(英论诸岛).Althoughthatchhasalwaysbeenusedforcottageandfarmbuildings,itwasonceusedforcastlesandchurches,too.Thatchingisasolitary(独自的)craft,whichoftenrunsinfamilies.ThecraftofthatchingasitispracticedtoadyhaschangedverylittlesincetheMiddleAges.Over800full-timethatchersareemployedinEnglandandWalestoday,maintainingandrenewingtheoldroofsaswellasthatchingnewerhouses.Manypropertyownerschoosethatchnotonlyforitsbeautybutbecausetheyknowitwillkeepthemcoolinsummerandwarminwinter.Infact,ifwelookatdevelopingcountries,overhalftheworldlivesunderthatch,buttheyalldoitindifferentways.Peopleindevelopingcountriesareoftenreluctanttogobacktotraditionalmaterialsandwouldprefermodembuildings.However,theymaylackthemoneytoallowthemtoimportthenecessarymaterials.Theirtemporarymudhutswiththatchedroofsofwildgrassesoftenonlylastsixmonths.ThatchwhichhasbeendonetheBritishwaylastsfromtwentytosixtyyears,andisaneffectivedefianceagainsttheheat.1.WhichofthefollowingremainsauniquefeatureoftheEnglishcountryside?A)Narrowstreetslinedwithpinkorwhitehouses.B)Rollinghillswithprettyfarmbuildings.C)Cottageswiththatchedroofs.D)Churcheswithcottagesaroundthem.2.Whatdoweknowaboutthatchingasacraft?A)Itisacollectiveactivity.B)ItispractisedonfarmsalloverEngland.C)Itisquitedifferentfromwhatitusedtobe.D)Itisinmostcaseshandeddownamongfamilymembers.3.Thatchedhousesarestillpreferredbecauseof.A)theirstyleandcomfortB)theirdurabilityC)theireasymaintenanceD)theircheapandready-madematerials

1341.Peopleindevelopingcountriesalsoliveunderthatchbecause.A)thatchedcottagesareabigtouristattractionB)thatchedroofhousesarethecheapestC)thatchisaneffectivedefenseagainsttheheatD)theylikethatchedhousesbetterthanotherbuildings2.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.A)thatchedcottagesinEnglandhavebeenpasseddownfromancienttimesB)thatchingisabuildingcraftfirstcreatedbytheEnglishpeopleC)theEnglishpeoplehaveaspeciallikingforthatchedhousesD)mostthatchedcottagesinEnglandarelocatedonhillsidesPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.PresidentCoolidge'sstatement,"ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness,"stillpointstoanimportanttruthtoday-thatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestige(威望)inAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment.Whydobusinessinstitutionspossesthisgreatprestige?OnereasonisthatAmericansviewbusinessasbeingmorefirmlybasedontheidealofcompetitionthanotherinstitutionsinsociety.SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisthemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotected.Competitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualbyensuringthatthereisnomonopoly(垄断)ofpower.Incontrasttoone,all-powerfulgovernment,manybusinessescompeteagainsteachotherforprofits.Theoretically,ifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetocompetingbusinesswhichtreatsitscustomersmorefairly.Wheremanybusinessescompeteforthecustomers9dollar,theycannotaffordtotreatthemlikeinferiorsorslaves.Acontrastisoftenmadebetweenbusiness,whichiscompetitive,andgovernment,whichsiamonopoly.Becausebusinessiscompetitive,manyAmericansbelievethatitismoresupportiveoffreedomthangovernment,eventhoughgovernmentleadersareelectedbythepeopleandbusinessleadersarenot.ManyAmericansbelieve,then,thatcompetitionisasimportant,orevenmoreimportant,thatdemocracyinpreservingfreedom.Competitioninbusinessisalsobelievedtostrengthentheidealofequalityofopportunity.Competitionisseenasanopenandfairracewheresuccessgoestotheswiftestpersonregardlessofhisorhersocialclassbackground.CompetitivesuccessiscommonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedonfamilybackground.Businessisthereforeviewedasanexpressionoftheideaofequalityofopportunityratherthanthearistocratic(贵族的)ideaofinheritedprivilege.

1351.Thestatementt4ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness“probablymeans"".A)ThebusinessinstitutionsinAmericaareconcernedwithcommerceB)BusinessproblemsareofgreatimportancetotheAmericangovernmentC)BusinessisofprimaryconcerntoAmericansD)Americaisagreatpowerinworldbusiness2.Americansbelievethattheycanrealizetheirpersonalvaluesonly.A)whengivenequalityofopportunityB)throughdoingbusinessC)byprotectingtheirindividualfreedomD)bywayofcompetition3.Whocanbenefitfrombusinesscompetition?A)Honestbusinessmen.B)Bothbusinessmenandtheircustomers.C)Peoplewithidealsofequalityandfreedom.D)Bothbusinessinstitutionsandgovernment.4.Governmentisbelievedtodifferstrikinglyfrombusinessinthatgovernmentischaracterizedby.A)itsabsolutecontrolofpowerB)itsfunctioninpreservingpersonalfreedomC)itsroleinprotectingbasicAmericanvaluesD)itsdemocraticwayofexercisingleadership5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelieves.A)AmericansaremoreambitiousthanpeopleinothercountriesB)inmanycountriessuccessoftendependsonone'ssocialstatusC)AmericanbusinessesaremoredemocraticthanthoseinothercountriesD)businessesinothercountriesarenotascompetitiveasthoseinAmericaPassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theappealofadvertisingtobuyingmotivescanhavebothnegativeandpositiveeffectsconsumersmaybeconvincedtobuyaproductofpoorqualityorhighpricebecauseofanadvertisement.Forexample,someadvertisershaveappealedtopeople'sdesireforbetterfueleconomyfortheircarsbyadvertisingautomotiveproductsthatimprovegasolinemileage.Someoftheproductswork.Othersareworthlessandawasteofconsumers'money.Sometimesadvertisingisintentionallymisleading.Afewyearsagoabrandofbreadwasoffertodieters(节食者)withthemessagethattherewerefewercalories(热量单位,大卡)ineveryslice.Itturnedoutthatthebreadwasnotdietetic(适合于节食的),but

136justregularbread.Therewerefewercaloriesbecauseitwasslicedverythin,buttherewerethesamenumberofcaloriesineveryloaf.Onthepositiveside,emotionalappealsmayrespondtoaconsumer'srealconcerns.Considerfireinsurance.Fireinsurancemaybesoldbyappealingtofearofloss.Butfearoflossistherealreasonforfireinsurance.Thesecurityofknowingthatpropertyisprotectedbyinsurancemakesthepurchaseoffireinsuranceaworthwhileinvestmentformostpeople.Ifconsumersconsiderthequalityoftheinsuranceplansaswellasthemessageintheads,theywillbenefitfromtheadvertising.Eachconsumermustevaluateherorhisownsituation.Arethebenefitsoftheproductimportantenoughtojustifybuyingit?Advertisingisintendedtoappealtoconsumers,butitdoesnotforcethemtobuytheproduct.Consumersstillcontrolthefinalbuyingdecision.1.Advertisingcanpersuadetheconsumertobuyworthlessproductsby.A)stressingtheirhighqualityB)convincinghimoftheirlowpriceC)maintainingabalancebetweenqualityandpriceD)appealingtohisbuyingmotives2.Thereasonwhythebreadadvertisementismisleadingisthat.A)thinslicesofbreadcouldcontainmorecaloriesB)theloafwascutintoregularslicesC)thebreadwasnotgenuinebreadD)thetotalnumberofcaloriesintheloafremainedthesame3.Thepassagetellsusthat.A)sometimesadvertisementsreallysellwhattheconsumerneedsB)advertisementsoccasionallyforceconsumersintobuyingthingstheydon'tneedC)thebuyingmotivesofconsumersarecontrolledbyadvertisementsD)fireinsuranceisseldomaworthwhileinvestment4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatasmartconsumershould.A)thinkcarefullyaboutthebenefitsdescribedintheadvertisementsB)guardagainstthedeceivingnatureofadvertisementsC)befamiliarwithvariousadvertisingstrategiesD)avoidbuyingproductsthathavestrongemotionalappeal5.Thepassageismainlyabout.A)howtomakeawisebuyingdecisionB)waystoprotecttheinterestsoftheconsumerC)thepositiveandnegativeaspectsofadvertisingD)thefunctionofadvertisementsinpromotingsales

137PassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Solongasteachersfailtodistinguishbetweenteachingandlearning,theywillcontinuetoundertaketodoforchildrenthatwhichonlychildrencandoforthemselves.Teachingchildrentoreadisnotpassingreadingontothem.Itiscertainlynotendlesshoursspentinactivitiesaboutreading.Douglasinsiststhat“readingcannotbetaughtdirectlyandschoolsshouldstoptryingtodotheimpossible.^^Teachingandlearningaretwoentirelydifferentprocesses.Theydifferinkindandfunction.Thefunctionofteachingistocreatetheconditionsandtheclimatethatwillmakeitpossibleforchildrentodevisethemostefficientsystemforteachingthemselvestoread.Teachingisalsopublicactivity:Itcanbeseenandobserved.Learningtoreadinvolvesallthateachindividualdoestomakesenseoftheworldofprintedlanguage.Almostallofitisprivate,forlearningisanoccupationofthemind,andthatprocessisnotopentopublicscrutiny.Ifteacherandlearnerrolesarenotinterchangeable,whatthencanbedonethroughteachingthatwillaidthechildinthequest(探索)forknowledge?Smithhasoneprincipalruleforallteachinginstructions."Makelearningtoreadeasy,whichmeansmakingreadingameaningful,enjoyableandfrequentexperienceforchildren.^^Whentherolesofteacherandlearnerareseenforwhattheyare,andwhenbothteacherandlearnerfulfillthemappropriately,thenmuchofthepressureandfeelingoffailureforbothiseliminated.Learningtoreadismadeeasierwhenteacherscreateanenvironmentwherechildrenaregiventheopportunitytosolvetheproblemofleaningtoreadbyreading.1.TheproblemwiththereadingcourseasmentionedinthefirstparagraphisthatA)itisoneofthemostdifficultschoolcoursesB)studentsspendendlesshoursinreadingC)readingtasksareassignedwithlittleguidanceD)toomuchtimeisspentinteachingaboutreading2.Theteachingofreadingwillbesuccessfulif.A)teacherscanimproveconditionsatschoolforthestudentsB)teacherscanenablestudentstodeveloptheirownwayofreadingC)teacherscandevisethemostefficientsystemforreadingD)teacherscanmaketheirteachingactivitiesobservable3.Theword"scrutiny”(Line3,Para.3)mostprobablymeans"A)inquiryB)observationC)controlD)suspicion

1381.Accordingtothepassage,learningtoreadwillnolongerbeadifficulttaskwhenA)childrenbecomehighlymotivatedB)teacherandlearnerrolesareinterchangeableC)teachinghelpschildreninthesearchforknowledgeD)readingenricheschildren'sexperience2.Themainideaofthepassageisthat.A)teachersshoulddoaslittleaspossibleinhelpingstudentslearntoreadB)teachersshouldencouragestudentstoreadaswidelyaspossibleC)readingabilityissomethingacquiredratherthantaughtD)readingismorecomplicatedthangenerallybelievedPartIIIVocabularyandStructure(20minutes)3.Aperson'scalorierequirementsvaryhislife.A)acrossB)throughoutC)overD)within4.Asurveywascarriedoutonthedeathrateofnew-bornbabiesinthatregion,weresurprising.A)asresultsB)whichresultsC)theresultsofitD)theresultsofwhich5.Generouspublicfundingofbasicsciencewouldconsiderablebenefitsforthecountry'shealth,wealthandsecurity.A)leadtoB)resultfromC)lieinD)settledown6.Inatimeofsocialreform,people'sstateofmindtendstokeepwiththerapidchangesofsociety.A)stepB)progressC)paceD)touch

1391.inanatmosphereofsimplelivingwaswhatherparentswishedfor.A)ThegirlwaseducatedB)ThegirleducatedC)Thegirl'sbeingeducatedD)Thegirltobeeducated2.thecalculationisright,scientistscanneverbesurethattheyhaveincludedallvariablesandmodeledthemaccurately.A)EvenifB)AsfarasC)IfonlyD)Solongas3.MytrainarrivesinNewYorkateighto'clocktonight.TheplaneIwouldliketotakefromtherebythen.A)wouldleaveB)willhaveleftC)hasleftD)hadleft4.Thespeechwhichhemadetheprojecthasbotheredmegreatly.A)beingconcernedB)concernedC)beconcernedD)concerning5.Harrywasbyabeewhenhewascollectingthehoney.A)stungB)stuckC)bittenD)scratched6.Thethieftriedtoopenthelockeddoorbut.A)innowayB)invainC)withouteffectD)ataloss7.Allflightsbecauseofthesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain.A)hadbeencanceledB)havebeencanceled

140A)werecanceledB)havingbeencanceled1.seeingthedamagehehaddone,thechildfeltashamed.A)ByB)OnC)AtD)For2.Rememberthatcustomersdon'taboutpricesinthatcity.A)debateB)consultC)disputeD)bargain3.Researchfindingsshowwespendabouttwohoursdreamingeverynight,nomatterwhatweduringtheday.A)shouldhavedoneB)mayhavedoneC)wouldhavedoneD)musthavedone4.Ihopethatyou'llbemorecarefulintypingtheletter.Don'tanything.A)lackB)withdrawC)omitD)leak5.Thiscropdoesnotdowellinsoilstheoneforwhichithasbeenspeciallydeveloped.A)outsideB)otherthanC)beyondD)ratherthan6.“Youareveryselfish.It'shightimeyouthatyouarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld,"Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.A)realizedB)haverealizedC)realizedD)shouldrealize

1411.Thesetwoareasaresimilartheybothhaveahighrainfallduringthisseason.A)tothatB)besidesthatC)inthatD)exceptthat2.Thetomatojuiceleftbrownonthefrontofmyjacket.A)spotB)pointC)trackD)trace3.IfIhadn'tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,younow.A)wouldn'tbesmilingB)couldn'thavesmiledC)won'tsmileD)didn'tsmile4.Thecommitteeistotallyopposedanychangesbeingmadeintheplans.A)ofB)onC)toD)against5.We'llvisitEuropenextyearwehaveenoughmoney.A)lestB)untilC)unlessD)provided6.Myfatherseemedtobeinnotolookatmyschoolreport.A)moodB)emotionC)attitudeD)feeling7.Whenherealizedthepolicehadspottedhim,themantheexitasquicklyaspossible.A)madeoffB)madefor

142A)madeoutB)madeup1.IwasadvisedtoarrangeforinsuranceIneededmedicaltreatment.A)neverthelessB)althoughC)incaseD)sothat2.Franklyspeaking,I'dratheryouanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A)didn'tdoB)haven'tdoneC)don'tdoD)havedone3.I'msorryIcan'tseeyouimmediately;butifyou'dliketotakeaseat,I'llbewithyou.A)foramomentB)inamomentC)forthemomentD)atthemoment4.Thetrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud.ButIwasn'tbotheredbyhisloudnessbyhislackoftalent.A)thanB)morethanC)asD)somuchas5.OurnewhouseisveryformeasIcangettotheofficeinfiveminutes.A)adaptableB)comfortableC)convenientD)available6.Ourjourneywasslowbecausethetrainstoppedatdifferentvillages.A)unceasinglyB)graduallyC)continuouslyD)continually

143PartIVShortAnswerQuestions(15minutes)Directions:Inthispartthereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords(notexceeding10words.)Wouldbelanguageteacherseverywherehaveonethingincommon:theyallwantsomerecognitionoftheirprofessionalstatusandskills,andajob.Theformerrequirementisobviouslyimportantonapersonallevel,butitisvitalifyouaretohaveanychanceoffindingwork.Tenyearsago,thesituationwasverydifferent.Invirtuallyeverydevelopingcountry,andinmanydevelopedcountriesaswell,beinganativeEnglishspeakerwasenoughtogetyouemployedasanEnglishteacher.Nowemployerswillonlylookatteacherswhohavetheknowledge,theskillsandattitudestoteachEnglisheffectively.Theresultofthishasbeentoraisenon-nativeEnglishteacherstothesamestatusastheirnativecounterparts(相对应的人)一somethingtheyhavealwaysdeservedbutseldomenjoyed.Non-nativesarenowhappy—linguisticdiscrimination(语百上的歧视)isathingofthepast.Anongoingresearchproject,fundedbytheUniversityofCambridge,askedasampleofteachers,teachereducatorsandemployersinmorethan40countrieswhethertheyregardthenative/non-nativespeakersdistinctionasbeingatallimportant."NO”wastheanswer.AslongascandidatescouldteachandhadtherequiredlevelofEnglish,itdidn'tmatterwhotheywereandwheretheycamefrom.Thus,anewformofdiscrimination—thistimejustifiedbecauseitsingledouttheunqualified—liberatedthelinguisticallyoppressed(受压迫的).ButtheCambridgeprojectdidmorethanjustthat:itconfirmedthattheneedsofnativeandnon-nativeteachersareextremelysimilar.Questions:(注意:答题尽量简短,超过10个词要扣分。每条横线限写ー个英语单词,标点符号不占格。)51.TheselectionofEnglishteachersusedtobemainlybasedon.52.Whatdidnon-nativeEnglishteachersdeservebutseldomenjoy?53.WhatkindofpeoplecannowfindajobasanEnglishteacher?54.Whatistheresultofthe“newformofdiscrimination"(Line5,Para.4)?55.Thephrase"thelinguisticallyoppressed"(Line6,Para.4)referstothosewhowerePartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicDon7HesitatetoSay"No”.Youshouldwriteatleast100wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.别人请求帮助时,在什么情况下我们会说“不”。

1441.为什么有些人在该说“不”的时候不说“不”。2.该说“不”时不说“不”的坏处。Don'tHesitatetoSay“No”参考答案Parti1.B2.D3.A4.C5.B6.A7.C8.D9.A10.D11.C12.D13.A14.D15.C16.A17.B18.C19.B20.DPartII21.C22.D23.A24.B25.A26.C27.D28.B29.A30.B31.D32.D33.A34.A35.C

14536.D37.B38.B39.A40.CPartIII41.B42.D43.A44.C45.C46.A47.B48.D49.A50.B51.D52.B53.D54.C55.C56.B57.A58.C59.A60.A61.C62.D63.A64.B65.C66.A67.B68.D69.C70.D51.whetherornotonewasanativespeaker.52.Thesamestatusastheircounterparts.53.OneswhocanteachandhavetherequiredEnglishlevel.54.Non-nativeEnglishteachershavebeenliberated.Or:Itsingledouttheunqualified.55.qualifiedEnglishteachersbecausetheywerenon-nativespeakers.（六）PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionA1.A)Thewomanfeelssorryfortheman.B)Themanisamemberofthestaff.C)Theareaisforpassengersonly.D)Thewomanisaskingthemantoleave.

1461.A)Cleanherhousewhilesheisaway.B)Buyhersomeplantsandtakecareofthem.C)Waterherplantswhilesheisaway.D)Waterherplantswhenheisnotatwork.2.A)Hewillonlybeavailableintheafternoon.B)It'snothisofficehour.C)Hedoesn'thavetime.D)Heistootiredafterclass.3.A)Thewomaninsistsongoingout.B)Thewomandoesn'tlikewatchingTV.C)rFhemanpromisedheragiftonherbirthday.D)Themanistootiredtogoout.4.A)Therearetoomanycoursesofferedtostudents.B)Therewomanshouldtakefewercoursesnextterm.C)Themanwilltakefourcoursesnextsemester.D)Itiswisertotakemorethanfourcourses.5.A)AskTomtosendaninvitation.B)GettheJohnsons'address.C)InviteTomtotheparty.D)TellTomtopickuptheJohnsons.6.A)Janeislookingforansummerjob.B)Janeispackingforthesummervacation.C)Janeisonherwayhome.D)Janeiseagertogohomeforthevacation.7.A)Spendingmoretimeonsightseeing.B)Visitingthecitywithagroup.C)Touringthecityonafineday.D)Takingthemanwithheronthetour.8.A)Thewomanisdrivingtoofast.B)Thewomanisdrivingataslowspeed.C)Thewomanhasbrokenatrafficrule.D)Thewomanhasparkedhercarinawrongplace.9.A)ShecantellJoan'sbrotheraboutthereception.

147B)SheshouldtellJoan'sbrotheraboutthereception.C)ShemustcallonJoanafterthereception.D)ShemayseeJoan'sbrotheratlunch.SectionBPassageoneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.1.A)Toprotectpersonsandproperty.B)Tocollecttaxes.C)Toteachandtraincitizens.D)Tosavenaturalresourcesforfutureuse.2.A)Bysellingservicesthatmakelifecomfortable.B)Bysellinglandcontainingoil.C)Bysellingpubliclands.D)Bysellingcoalandothernaturalproducts.3.A)Environmentalpollutionandprotection.B)Taxesandservicesforthepublic.C)Policeeffortstoprotectpeople.D)People'sattitudetowardtaxes.PassageTwoQuestions14to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.4.A)Hedidn'tlikephysicsanymore.B)Hiseyesightwastoopoor.C)Physicswastoohardforhim.D)Hehadtoworktosupporthimself.5.A)Hewasnothappywiththenewdirector.B)Hewasnotqualifiedtobeanengineer.C)Hewantedtotravel.D)Hefoundhisjobboring.6.A)Hewantedtoworkwithhisfriend.

148B)HewantedtogotoSpain.C)Heenjoyedtravellingaroundtheworld.D)Hewasrejectedbytheengineeringfirm.1.A)HeenjoyedteachingEnglish.B)Hewantedtoearnmoretosupporthisfamily.C)Theowneroftheschoolpromisedhimagoodposition.D)Hecouldearnmoreasateacherthanasatravelagent.PassageThreeQuestions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.2.A)Itcanbecookedinmanyways.B)Itisdeliciousbutinexpensive.C)Itgiveshigheryieldsthanothergraincrops.D)Itgrowseasilyinvariousconditions.3.A)Friedpotatoes.B)Tomatojuice.C)Sweetcom.D)Chocolatebeans.4.A)TheyledtothediscoveryofAmerica.B)TheymadenativeAmericanfoodspopular.C)TheybroughtgreatwealthtoSpain.D)TheymadenativeAmericanlifestyleswell-known.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterroristwithagun,butthemanwiththeportablecomputerinbusinessclass.Inthelast15years,pilotshavereportedwellover100incidentsthatcouldhavebeencausedbyelectromagneticinterference.Thesourceofthisinterferenceremainsunconfirmed,butincreasingly,expertsarepointingtheblameatportableelectronicdevicesuchasportablecomputers,radioandcassetteplayersandmobiletelephones.RTCA,anorganizationwhichadvisestheaviation(航空)industry,hasrecommended

149thatallairlinesban(禁止)suchdevicesfrombeingusedduring“critical'stagesofflight,particularlytake-offandlanding.Someexpertshavegonefurther,callingforatotalbanduringallflights.Currently,rulesonusingthesedevicesareleftuptoindividualairlines.Andalthoughsomeairlinesprohibitpassengersfromusingsuchequipmentduringtake-offandlanding,mostarereluctanttoenforceatotalban,giventhatmanypassengerswanttoworkduringflights.Thedifficultyispredictinghowelectromagneticfieldsmightaffectanaircraft'scomputers.Expertsknowthatportabledeviceemitradiationwhichaffectsthosewavelengthswhichaircraftusefornavigationandcommunication.But,becausetheyhavenotbeenabletoreproducetheseeffectsinalaboratory,theyhavenowayofknowingwhethertheinterferencemightbedangerousornot.Thefactthataircraftmaybevulnerable(易受イ员的)tointerferenceraisestheriskthatterroristsmayuseradiosystemsinordertodamagenavigationequipment.Asworrying,though,isthepassengerwhocan'theartheinstructionstoturnoffhisradiobecausethemusic'stooloud.1.Thepassageismainlyabout.A)anewregulationforalairlinesB)thedefectsofelectronicdevicesC)apossiblecauseofaircraftcrashesD)effectivesafetymeasuresforairflight2.Whatissaidabouttheover100aircraftincidentsinthepast15years?A)Theymayhavebeencausedbythedamagetotheradiosystems.B)Theymayhavetakenplaceduringtake-offandlanding.C)Theywereprovedtohavebeencausedbythepassengers,portablecomputers.D)Theyweresuspectedtohaveresultedfromelectromagneticinterference.3.Fewairlineswanttoimposeatotalbanontheirpassengersusingelectronicdevicesbecause.A)theydon'tbelievethereissuchadangerasradiointerferenceB)theharmfuleffectofelectromagneticinterferenceisyettobeprovedC)mostpassengersrefusetotakeaplanewhichbanstheuseofradioandcassetteplayersD)theyhaveothereffectivesafetymeasurestofallbackon4.Whyisitdifficulttopredictthepossibleeffectsofelectromagneticfieldsonanairplane'scomputers?A)Becauseitisextremelydangeroustoconductsuchresearchonanairplane.B)Becauseitremainsamysterywhatwavelengthsareliabletobeinterferedwith.C)Becauseresearchscientistshavenotbeenabletoproducethesameeffectsinlabs.D)Becauseexpertslackadequateequipmenttodosuchresearch.

1501.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor.A)isinfavorofprohibitingpassengers9useofelectronicdevicescompletelyB)hasoverestimatedthedangerofelectromagneticinterferenceC)hasn'tformedhisownopiniononthisproblemD)regardsitasunreasonabletoexerciseatotalbanduringflightPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theriseofmultinationalcorporations(跨国公司)，globalmarketing,newcommunicationstechnologies,andshrinkingculturaldifferenceshaveledtoanunparalleledincreaseinglobalpublicrelationsorPR.Surprisingly,sincemodemPRwaslargelyanAmericaninvention,theU.S.leadershipinpublicrelationsisbeingthreatenedbyPReffortsinothercountries.Tenyearsago,forexample,theworld'stopfivepublicrelationsagencieswereAmerican-owned.In1991,onlyonewas.TheBritishinparticulararebecomingmoresophisticatedandcreative.ArecentsurveyfoundthatmorethanhalfofallBritishcompaniesincludePRaspartoftheircorporate(公司的)planningactivities,comparedtoaboutone-thirdofU.S.companies.ItmaynotbelongbeforeLondonreplacesNewYorkasthecapitalofPR.WhyisAmericalaggingbehindintheglobalPRrace?First,Americansasawholetendtobefairlyprovincialandtakemoreofaninterestinlocalaffairs.Knowledgeofworldgeography,forexample,hasneverbeenstronginthiscountry.Secondly,AmericanslagbehindtheirEuropeanandAsiancounterparts(相对应的人)inknowingasecondlanguage.Lessthan5percentofBurson—Marshall'sU.S.employeesknowtwolanguages.OgilvyandMatherhasaboutthesamepercentage.Conversely,someEuropeanfirmshavehalformoreoftheiremployeesfluentinasecondlanguage.Finally,peopleinvolvedinPRabroadtendtokeepaclosereyeoninternationalaffairs.InthefinancialPRarea,forinstance,mostAmericansreadtheWallStreetJournal.Overseas,theircounterpartsreadtheJournalaswellastheFinancialTimesofLondonandTheEconomist,publicationsnotoftenreadinthiscountry.PerhapsthePRindustrymighttakealessonfromTedTurnerofCNN(CableNewsNetwork).Turnerrecentlyannouncedthattheword"foreign"wouldnolongerbeusedonCNNnewsbroadcasts.AccordingtoTurner,globalcommunicationshavemadethenationsoftheworldsointerdependentthatthereisnolongeranysuchthingsasforeign.2.Accordingtothepassage,U.S.leadershipinpublicrelationsisbeingthreatenedbecauseof.A)anunparalleledincreaseinthenumberofpublicrelationscompaniesB)shrinkingculturaldifferencesandnewcommunicationstechnologiesC)thedecreasingnumberofmultinationalcorporationsintheU.S.D)increasedeffortsofothercountriesinpublicrelations

1511.LondoncouldsoonreplaceNewYorkasthecenterofPRbecause.A)BritishcompaniesaremoreambitiousthanU.S.companiesB)BritishcompaniesplacemoreimportanceonPRthanU.S.companiesC)BritishcompaniesareheavilyinvolvedinplanningactivitiesD)fouroftheworld'stoppublicrelationsagenciesareBritish-owned2.Theword"provincial"(Line2,Para.3)mostprobablymeans"".A)limitedinoutlookB)likepeoplefromtheprovincesC)rigidinthinkingD)interestedinworldfinancialaffairs3.WelearnfromthethirdparagraphthatemployeesintheAmericanPRindustryA)speakatleastoneforeignlanguagefluentlyB)areignorantaboutworldgeographyC)arenotassophisticatedastheirEuropeancounterpartsD)enjoyreadingagreatvarietyofEnglishbusinesspublications4.WhatlessonmightthePRindustrytakefromTedTurnerofCNN?A)AmericanPRcompaniesshouldbemoreinternationally-minded.B)TheAmericanPRindustryshoulddevelopglobalcommunicationstechnologies.C)PeopleworkinginPRshouldbemorefluentinforeignlanguages.D)PeopleinvolvedinPRshouldavoidusingtheword“foreign”.PassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Brazilhasbecomeoneofthedevelopingworld'sgreatsuccessesatreducingpopulationgrowth-butmorebyaccidentthandesign.WhilecountriessuchasIndiahavemadejointeffortstoreducebirthrates,Brazilhashadbetterresultwithoutreallytrying,saysGeorgeMartineatHarvard.Brazil'spopulationgrowthratehasdroppedfrom2.99%ayearbetween1951and1960to1.93%ayearbetween1981and1990,andBrazilianwomennowhaveonly2.7childrenonaverage.Martinesaysthisfiguremayhavefallenstillfurthersince1990,anachievementthatmakesittheenvyofmanyotherThirdWorldcountries.Martineputsitdownto,amongotherthings,soapoperas(通俗电视连续剧)andinstallment(分期付款)plansintroducedinthe1970s.Bothplayedanimportant,althoughindirect,roleinloweringthebirthrate.Brazilisoneoftheworld'sbiggestproducersofsoapoperas.Globo,Brazil'smostpopulartelevisionnetwork,showsthreehoursofsoapssixnightsaweek,whilethreeothersshowatleastonehouranight.Mostsoapsarebasedon

152wealthycharacterslivingthehighlifeinbigcities.“Althoughtheyhaveneverreallytriedtoworkinamessagetowardstheproblemsofreproduction,theydescribemiddleandupperclassvalues-notmanychildren,differentattitudestowardssex,womenworking,"saysMartine."TheysentthisimagetoallpartsofBrazilandmadepeopleconsciousofotherpatternsofbehaviorandothervalues,whichwereputintoaveryattractivepackage."Meanwhile,theinstallmentplanstriedtoencouragethepoortobecomeconsumers."Thisledtoanenormouschangeinconsumptionpatternsandconsumptionwasincompatible(不相容的)withunlimitedreproduction,"saysMartine.1.Accordingtothepassage,Brazilhascutbackitspopulationgrowth.A)byeducatingitscitizensB)bycarefulfamilyplanningC)bydevelopingTVprogrammesD)bychance2.Accordingtothepassage,manyThirdWorldcountries.A)haven'tattachedmuchimportancetobirthcontrolB)wouldsoonjoinBrazilincontrollingtheirbirthrateC)haven'tyetfoundaneffectivemeasuretocontroltheirpopulationD)neglectedtheroleofTVplaysinfamilyplanning3.Thephrase“putsitdownto"(Line1,Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto"".A)attributesittoB)findsitareasonforC)sumsitupasD)comparesitto4.SoapoperashavehelpedinloweringBrazil'sbirthratebecause.A)theykeeppeoplesittinglonghourswatchingTVB)theyhavegraduallychangedpeople'swayoflifeC)peoplearedrawntotheirattractivepackageD)theypopularizebirthcontrolmeasures5.WhatisMartine'sconclusionaboutBrazil'spopulationgrowth?A)Theincreaseinbirthratewillpromoteconsumption.B)Thedesireforconsumptionhelpstoreducebirthrate.C)Consumptionpatternsandreproductionpatternsarecontradictory.D)Acountry'sproductionislimitedbyitspopulationgrowth.

153PassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thereseemsnevertohavebeenacivilizationwithouttoys,butwhenandhowtheydevelopedisunknown.Theyprobablycameaboutjusttogivechildrensomethingtodo.Intheancientworld,asistoday,mostboysplayedwithsomekindsoftoysandmostgirlswithanother.Insocietieswheresocialrolesarerigidlydetermined,boyspatterntheirplayaftertheactivitiesoftheirfathersandgirlsafterthetasksoftheirmothers.Thisistruebecauseboysandgirlsarebeingprepared,eveninplay,tostepintotherolesandresponsibilitiesoftheadultworld.Whatisremarkableaboutthehistoryoftoysisnotsomuchhowtheychangedoverthecenturiesbuthowmuchtheyhaveremainedaresame.Thechangeshavebeenmostlyintermsofcraftsmanship,mechanics,andtechnology.Itistheuniversalityoftoyswithregardtotheirdevelopmentinallpartsoftheworldandtheirpersistencetothepresentthatisamazing.InEgypt,theAmericas,China,JapanandamongtheArctic(」匕极的)peoples,generallythesamekindsoftoysappeared.Variationsdependedonlocalcustomsandwaysoflifebecausetoysimitatetheirsurroundings.Nearlyeverycivilizationhaddolls,littleweapons,toysoldiers,tinyanimalsandvehicles.Becausetoyscanbegenerallyregardedasakindofartform,theyhavenotbeensubjecttotechnologicalleapsthatcharacterizeinventionsforadultuse.Theprogressfromthewheeltotheoxcarttotheautomobileisadirectlineofascent(进步).Theprogressfromarattle(拨浪鼓)usedbyababyin3000BCtooneusedbyaninfanttoday,however,isnotcharacterizedbyinventiveness.Eachrattleistheproductoftheartistictastesofthetimesandsubjecttothelimitationsofavailablematerials.1.Thereasonwhythetoysmostboysplaywitharedifferentfromthosethatgirlsplaywithisthat.A)theirsocialrolesarerigidlydeterminedB)mostboyswouldliketofollowtheirfathers'professionsC)boysliketoplaywiththeirfatherswhilegirlswiththeirmothersD)theylikechallengingactivities2.Oneaspectof“theuniversalityoftoys"liesinthefactthat.A)technologicaladvanceshavegreatlyimprovedthedurabilityoftoysB)theimprovementofcraftsmanshipinmakingtoysdependsontheeffortsofuniversitiesC)theexplorationoftheuniversehadledtothecreationofnewkindsoftoysD)thebasiccharacteristicsoftoysarethesametheworldover3.Whichofthefollowingistheauthor'sviewonthehistoricaldevelopmentoftoys?A)Thecraftsmanshipintoy-makinghasremainedessentiallyunchanged.B)Toyshaveremainedbasicallythesameallthroughthecenturies.

154A)Thetoyindustryhaswitnessedgreatleapsintechnologyinrecentyears.B)Toysareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinshapingachild'scharacter.1.Regardedasakindofartform,toys.A)followadirectlineofascentB)alsoappealgreatlytoadultsC)arenotcharacterizedbytechnologicalprogressD)reflectthepaceofsocialprogress2.Theauthorusestheexampleofrattletoshowthat.A)intoy-makingthereisacontinuityinthesueofmaterialsB)eventhesimplesttoyscanreflecttheprogressoftechnologyC)eventhesimplesttoyscanreflecttheprogressoftechnologyD)evenasimpletoycanmirrortheartistictastesofthetimePartIIIVocabularyandStructure(20minutes)3.Hecamebacklate,whichtimealltheguestshadalreadyleft.A)afterB)byC)atD)during4.I'mverysorrytohaveyouwithsomanyquestionsonsuchanoccasion.A)interferedB)offendedC)impressedD)bothered5.Ifthewholeoperationbeforehandagreatdealoftimeandmoneywouldhavebeenlost.A)wasnotplannedB)hasnotbeenplannedC)hadnotbeenplannedD)wasnotplanned6.Thepriceofbeerfrom50centsto$4perliterduringthesummerseason.A)alteredB)rangedC)separatedD)differed

1551.Hisremarksleftmeabouthisrealpurpose.A)wonderedB)wonderC)towonderD)wondering2.Ihaveheardbothteachersandstudentswellofhim.A)tospeakB)spokenC)tohavespokenD)speak3.Oursondoesn'tknowwhattoattheuniversity;hecan'tmakeuphismindabouthisfuture.A)takeinB)takeupC)takeoverD)takeafter4.Thehousewasveryquiet,asitwasonthesideofamountain.A)isolatedB)isolatingC)beingisolatedD)havingbeenisolated5.Althoughtheyplanttreesinthisareaeveryyear,thetopsofsomehillsarestillA)blankB)hollowC)vacantD)bare6.Beingapopstarcanbequiteahardlife,withalotoftravelingheavyschedules.A)withregardtoB)astoC)inrelationtoD)owingto7.Tonyisverydisappointedtheresultsoftheexam.A)with

156B)forC)towardD)on1.WilliamPenn,thefounderofPennsylvania,defendedtherightofeverycitizentofreedomofchoiceinreligion.A)peculiarlyB)indifferentlyC)vigorouslyD)inevitably2.Ihopealltheprecautionsagainstairpollution,suggestedbythelocalgovernment,willbeseriouslyconsideredhere.A)whileB)sinceC)afterD)as3.Whenpeoplebecomeunemployed,itiswhichisoftenworsethanlackofwages.A)lazinessB)povertyC)idlenessD)inability4.I'veneverbeentoBeijing,butit'stheplace.A)whereI'dliketovisitB)ImostwanttovisitC)inwhichI'dliketovisitD)thatIwanttovisititmost5.hissister,Jackisquietanddoesnoteasilymakefriendswithothers.A)DislikeB)UnlikeC)AlikeD)Liking6.Thiscrophassimilarqualitiestothepreviousone,bothwind-resistantandadaptedtothesametypeofsoil.A)beingB)beenC)tobe

157A)havingbeen1.youareleavingtomorrow,wecaneatdinnertogethertonight.A)ForB)SinceC)BeforeD)While2.SomepeoplewouldliketodoshoppingonSundayssincetheyexpecttopickupwonderfulinthemarket.A)batteriesB)bargainsC)basketsD)barrels3.Wehavebeentoldthatundernocircumstancesthetelephoneintheofficeforpersonalaffairs.A)mayweuseB)wemayuseC)wecoulduseD)didweuse4.Inprevioustimes,thenfreshmeatwasinshort,pigeonswerekeptbymanyhouseholdsasasourceoffood.A)storeB)provisionC)reserveD)supply5.AsCommander-in-Chiefofthearmedforces,Ihavedirectedthatallmeasuresforourdefense.A)hadbeentakenB)wouldbetakenC)betakenD)tobetaken6.Athiefwhobrokeintoachurchwascaughtbecausetracesofwax,foundonhisclothes,fromthesortofcandlesusedonlyinchurches.A)hadcomeB)comingC)comeD)thatcame

1581.Aftertheguestsleft,shespenthalfanhourthesitting-room.A)orderingB)arrangingC)tidyingupD)clearingaway2.Iwasthepointoftelephoninghimwhenhisletterarrived.A)toB)onC)atD)in3.InnocountryBritain,ithasbeensaid,canoneexperiencefourseasonsinthecourseofasingleday.A)otherthanB)morethanC)betterthanD)ratherthan4.AlorryJane'scatandspedaway.A)ranoverB)ranintoC)ranthroughD)randown5.Theprojectbytheendof2000,willexpandthecity'stelephonenetworktocover1,000,000users.A)accomplishedB)beingaccomplishedC)tobeaccomplishedD)havingbeenaccomplished6.evidencethatlanguage-acquiringabilitymustbestimulated.A)IfbeingB)ItisC)ThereisD)Therebeing7.Thosegiftsofrarebooksthatweregiventousweredeeply.A）appreciatedB）approved

159A）appealedD）叩pliedPartIVShortAnswerQuestions（15minutes）Directions:Inthispartthereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords（notexceeding10words.）Formanywomenchoosingwhethertoworkornottoworkoutsidetheirhomeisaluxury:theymustworktosurvive.Othersfaceaharddecision.Perhapstheeasiestchoicehastodowitheconomics.Onehusbandsaid,“MargeandIdecidedaftercarefulconsiderationthatforhertogobacktoworkatthismomentwasanextravagance（奢侈）wecouldn'tafford."Withtwopreschoolchildren,itsoonbecameclearintheirfiguringthatwithbabysitters（临时照看小孩的人）,transportation,andincreasedtaxes,ratherthanhavingmoremoney,theymightactuallyendupwithless.Economicfactorsareusuallythefirsttobeconsidered,buttheyarenotthemostimportant.Themostimportantaspectsofthedecisionhavetodowiththeemotionalneedsofeachmemberofthefamily.Itisinthisareathathusbandsandwivesfindthemselveshavingtofacemanyconfusingandconflictingfeelings.Therearemanywomenwhofindthathomemakingisboringorwhofeelimprisoned（被囚禁）iftheyhavetostayhomewithayoungchildorseveralchildren.Ontheotherhand,therearewomenwhothinkthathomemakinggivesthemthedeepestsatisfaction.Frommyownexperience.Iwouldliketosuggestthatsometimethedecisiontogobacktoworkismadeintoomuchhaste.TherearefewdecisionsthatInowregretmore.Iwasn'tmatureenoughtoseehowmuchIcouldhavegainedathome.Iregretmyimpatiencetogetonwithmycareer.IwishIhadallowedmyselftheluxuryofwatchingtheworldthroughmylittlegirl'seyes.Questions:（注意:答题尽量简短,超过10个词要扣分。每条横线限写ー个英语单词,标点符号不占格。）51.Whichwordinthefirsttowparagraphsbestexplainswhymanywomenhavetowork?52.WhydidMargeandherhusbandthinkitanextravaganceforMargetogobacktowork?53.Whatarethetwomajorconsiderationsindecidingwhetherwomenshouldgoouttowork?54.Somewomenwouldratherdohouseworkandtakecareoftheirchildrenthanpursueacareerbecausetheyfeel.55.Ifgivenasecondchance,thewriterwouldprobablychooseto.

160PartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicReadingSelectivelyOrExtensively?Youshouldwriteatleast100words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.有人认为读书要有选择2.有人认为应当博览群书3.我的看法ReadingSelectivelyOrExtensively参考答案PartI1.D2.C3.C4.A5.B6.B7.D8.A9.C10.A11.A12.C13.B14.D15.A16.C17.B18.D19.D20.BPartII

16121.C22.D23.C24.C25.C26.D27.B28.A29.B30.A31.D32.C33.A34.B35.B36.A37.D38.B39.C40.DPartIII41.B42.D43.C44.B45.D46.D47.B48.A49.D50.D51.A52.C53.D54.C55.B56.B57.A58.B59.B60.A61.D62.C63.A64.C65.B66.A67.D68.C69.C70.A51.Economics.52.BecausetheincreasedcostwillbemorethanMarge'sincome.53.Economicfactorsandemotionalneeds.54.thathomemakinggivesthemthedeepestsatisfaction.55.stayhome.（七）

162PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionA1.A)Thewomanisaclosefriendoftheman.B)Thewomanhasbeenworkingtoohard.C)Thewomanisseeingadoctor.D)Thewomanistiredofherwork.2.A)Thisapplepietastesverygood.B)Hismotherlikesthepieverymuch.C)Thispiecan'tmatchhismother's.D)Hismothercan'tmakeapplepies.3.A)Takeawalk.B)Giveaperformance.C)Listentothemusic.D)Dancetothemusic.4.A)Readanarticleonpoliticalscience.B)Presentadifferenttheorytotheclass.C)Readmorethanonearticle.D)Chooseabetterarticletoread.5.A)ThewomanwouldunderstandifshedidMary'sjob.B)ThewomanshoulddothetypingforMary.C)ThewomanshouldworkashardasMary.D)Thewomanisn'taskillfultypist.6.A)HewantstomakeanappointmentwithMr.Smith.B)HewantstomakesurethatMr.Smithwillseehim.C)Hewantstochangethetimeoftheappointment.D)Hewantsthewomantomeethimatthreeo'clock.7.A)Hegetsnervousveryeasily.B)Heisaninexperiencedspeaker".C)Heisanawfulspeaker.D)Hehasn'tpreparedhisspeechwell.

1631.A)Shedidn'tlikethebooksthemanbought.B)Therewasn'talargeselectionatthebookstore.C)Themanboughtalotofbooks.D)Shewantedtoseewhatthemanbought.2.A)Buyaticketfortheterno'clockflight.B)Askthemantochangetheticketforhe匚C)Gototheairportimmediately.D)Switchtoadifferentflight.3.A)Dr.Lemoniswaitingforapatient.B)Dr.Lemonisbusyatthemoment.C)Dr.Lemonhaslosthispatience.D)Dr.Lemonhasgoneouttovisitapatient.SectionBPassageoneQuestions11to14arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.4.A)Acaroutsidethesupermarket.B)Acaratthebottomofthehill.C)Paul'scar.D)Thesportscar.5.A)Insidethecar.B)Atthefootofthehill.C)Inthegarage.D)Inthesupermarket.6.A)Thedriverofthesportscar.B)Thetwogirlsinsidethecar.C)Themanstandingnearby.D)ThesalesmanfromLondon.7.A)Nobody.B)Thetwogirls.C)Thebusdriver.D)Paul.

164PassageTwoQuestions15to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.1.A)Hisfriendgavehimthewrongkey.B)Hedidn'tknowwherethebackdoorwas.C)Hecouldn'tfindthekeytohismailbox.D)Itwastoodarktoputthekeyinthelock.2.A)Itwasgettingdark.B)Hewasafraidofbeingblamedbyhisfriend.C)Thebirdsmighthaveflownaway.D)Hisfriendwouldarriveanytime.3.A)Helookedsillywithonlyoneleginsidethewindow.B)Heknewthepolicemanwouldn'tbelievehim.C)Thetorchlightmadehimlookveryfoolish.D)Herealizedthathehadmadeamistake.PassageThreeQuestions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.4.A)Thethreatofpoisonousdesertanimalsandplants.B)Theexhaustionofenergyresources.C)Thedestructionofoilwells.D)Thespreadoftheblackpowderfromthefires.5.A)Theundergroundoilresourceshavenotbeenaffected.B)Mostofthedesertanimalsandplantshavemanagedtosurvive.C)Theoillakessoondriedupandstoppedevaporating.D)Theundergroundwaterresourceshavenotbeenpolluted.6.A)Torestorethenormalproductionoftheoilwells.B)Toestimatethelossescausedbythefires.C)Toremovetheoilleftinthedesert.D)Tousetheoilleftintheoillakes.

165PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Unlesswespendmoneytospotandpreventasteroids(小行星)now,onemightcrashintoEarthanddestroylifeasweknowit,saysomescientists.Asteroidsarebiggerversionsofthemeteoroids(流星)thatraceacrossthenightsky.MostorbitthesunfarfromEarthanddon'tthreatenus.ButtherearealsothousandsofasteroidswhoseorbitsputthemonacollisioncoursewithEarth.Buy$50millionworthofnewtelescopesrightnow.Thenspend$10millionayearforthenext25yearstolocatemostofthespacerocks.Bythetimewespotafatalone,thescientistssay,we'llhaveawaytochangeitscourse.Somescientistsfavorpushingasteroidsoffcoursewithnuclearweapons.Butthecostwouldn'tbecheap.Isitworthit?Twothingsexpertsconsiderwhenjudginganyriskre:1)Howlikelytheeventis;and2)Howbadtheconsequencesiftheeventoccurs.ExpertsthinkanasteroidbigenoughtodestroylotsoflifemightstrikeEarthonceevery500,000years.Soundsprettyrare—butifonedidfall,itwouldbetheendoftheworld."Ifwedon'ttakecareofthesebigasteroids,they'lltakecareofus,“saysonescientist."It'sthatsimple."Thecure,though,mightbeworsethanthedisease.DowereallywantfleetsofnuclearweaponssittingaroundonEarth?”Theworldhaslesstofearfromdoomsday灭性的)rocksthanfromagreatnuclearfleetsetagainstthem,"saidaNewYorkTimesarticle.1.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutasteroidsandmeteoroids?A)Theyareheavenlybodiesdifferentincomposition.B)Theyareheavenlybodiessimilarinnature.C)Therearemoreasteroidsthanmeteoroids.D)Asteroidsaremoremysteriousthanmeteoroids.2.WhatdoscientistssayaboutthecollisionofanasteroidwithEarth?A)Itisveryunlikelybutthedangerexists.B)Suchacollisionmightoccuronceevery25years.C)CollisionsofsmallerasteroidswithEarthoccurmoreoftenthanexpected.D)It'sstilltooearlytosaywhethersuchacollisionmightoccur.3.Whatdopeoplethinkofthesuggestionofusingnuclearweaponstoalterthecoursesofasteroids?A)Itsoundspracticalbutitmaynotsolvetheproblem.B)Itmaycreatemoreproblemsthanitmightsolve.C)ItisawasteofmoneybecauseacollisionofasteroidswithEarthisveryunlikely.

166A)Furtherresearchshouldbedonebeforeitisprovedapplicable.1.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat.A)whilepushingasteroidsoffcoursenuclearweaponswoulddestroytheworldB)asteroidsracingacrossthenightskyarelikelytohitEarthinthenearfutureC)theworryaboutasteroidscanbelefttofuturegenerationssinceitisunlikelytohappeninourlifetimeD)workablesolutionsstillhavetobefoundtopreventacollisionofasteroidswithEarth2.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor'stoneinthispassage?A)Optimistic.B)Critical.C)Objective.D)Arbitrary.PassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Believeitornot,opticalillusion(错觉)cancuthighwaycrashes.Japanisacaseinpoint.Ithasreducedautomobilecrashesonsomeroadsbynearly75percentusingasimpleopticalillusion.Bentstripes,calledchevrons(人字形)，paintedontheroadsmakedriversthinkthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyare,andthusdriversslowdown.NowtheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyinWashingtonD.C.isplanningtorepeatJapan'ssuccess.Startingnextyear,thefoundationwillpaintchevronsandotherpatternsofstripesonselectedroadsaroundthecountrytotesthowwellthepatternsreducehighwaycrashes.Excessivespeedplaysamajorroleinasmuchasonefifthofallfataltrafficaccidents,accordingtothefoundation.Tohelpreducethoseaccidents,thefoundationwillconductitstestsinareaswherespeed-relatedhazardsarethegreatest-curves,exitslopes,trafficcircles,andbridges.Somestudiessuggestthatstraight,horizontalbarspaintedacrossroadscaninitiallycuttheaveragespeedofdriversinhalf.However,trafficoftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbecomeusedtoseeingthepaintedbars.Chevrons,scientistssay,notonlygivedriverstheimpressionthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyarebutalsomakealaneappeartobenarrower.Theresultisalongerlastingreductioninhighwayspedandthenumberoftrafficaccidents.3.Thepassagemainlydiscusses.A)anewwayofhighwayspeedcontrolB)anewpatternforpaintinghighways

167A)anewapproachtotrainingdriversB)anewtypeofopticalillusion1.Onroadspaintedwithchevrons,driverstendtofeelthat.A)theyshouldavoidspeed-relatedhazardsB)theyaredrivinginthewronglaneC)theyshouldslowdowntheirspeedD)theyareapproachingthespeedlimit2.Theadvantageofchevronsoverstraight,horizontalbarsisthattheformerA)cankeepdriversawakeB)cancutroadaccidentsinhalfC)willhavealongereffectondriversD)willlookmoreattractive3.TheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyplanstoA)tryouttheJapanesemethodincertainareasB)changetheroadsignsacrossthecountryC)replacestraight,horizontalbarswithchevronsD)repeattheJapaneseroadpatterns4.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutstraight,horizontalbarspaintedacrossroads?A)TheyarefallingoutofuseintheUnitedStates.B)Theytendtobeignoredbydriversinashortperiodoftime.C)Theyareapplicableonlyonbroadroads.D)Theycannotbeappliedsuccessfullytotrafficcircles.PassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Amtrak(美国铁路客运公司)wasexperiencingadownswinginridership(客运量)alongthelinescomprisingitsrailsystem.OfmajorconcerntoAmtrakanditsadvertisingagencyDDBNeedham,werethelong-distancewesternrouteswhereridershiphadbeendecliningsignificantly.]Atonetime,trainsweretheonlypracticalwaytocrossthevastareasofthewest.Trainswerefast,veryluxurious,andquiteconvenientcomparedtootherformsoftransportationexistingatthetime.However,timeschangeandtheautomobilebecameAmerica'sstandardofconvenience.Also,airtravelhadeasilyestablisheditselfasthefastestmethodoftravelinggreatdistances.Therefore,thetaskforDDBNeedhamwastoencourageconsumerstoconsiderotheraspectsoftraintravelinordertochangetheirattitudesandincreasethelikelihoodthattrainswouldbeconsideredfortravelinthewest.Twoportionsofthetotalmarketweretargeted:1)anxiousfliers—thoseconcernedwith

168safety,relaxation,andcleanlinessand2)travel-lovers-thoseviewingthemselvesasrelaxed,casual,andinterestedinthetravelexperienceaspartoftheirvacation.Theagencythendevelopedacampaignthatfocusedontravelexperiencessuchasfreedom,escape,relaxation,andenjoymentofthegreatwesternoutdoors.Itstressedexperiencesgainedbyusingthetrainsandportrayedwesterntraintripsaswonderfuladventures.Advertisementsshowedpicturesofthebeautifulscenerythatcouldbeenjoyedalongsomeofthemorefamouswesternroutesandemphasizedtheromanticnamesofsomeofthesetrains(EmpireBuilder,etc.).Theseadswerestrategicallyplacedamongfamily-orientedTVshowsandprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericainordertomosteffectivelyreachtargetaudiences.Resultswereimpressive.TheEmpireBuilder,whichwasfocusedoninonead,enjoyeda15percentincreaseinprofitsonitsChicagotoSeattleroute.1.What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassage?A)Toshowtheinabilityoftrainstocompetewithplaneswithrespecttospeedandconvenience.B)TostresstheinfluenceoftheautomobileonAmerica'sstandardofconvenience.C)Toemphasizethefunctionoftravelagenciesinmarketpromotion.D)Toillustratetheimportantroleofpersuasivecommunicationinchangingconsumerattitudes.2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthedropinAmtrakridershipwasduetothefactthat.A)trainswerenotsuitableforshortdistancepassengertransportationB)trainswerenotthefastestandmostconvenientformoftransportationC)trainswerenotasfastandconvenientastheyusedtobeD)trainscouldnotcompetewithplanesintermsofluxuryandconvenience3.Toencourageconsumerstotravelbytrain,DDBNeedhamemphasized.A)thefreedomandconvenienceprovidedontrainsB)thepracticalaspectsoftraintravelC)theadventurousaspectsoftraintripsD)thesafetyandcleanlinessoftraintrips4.Thetrainadswereplacedamongfamily-orientedTVprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericabecause.A)theycouldfocusonmeaningfultravelexperiencesB)theycouldincreasetheeffectivenessoftheTVprogramsC)theirprofitscouldbeincreasedbysome15percentD)mosttravel-loversandnervousflierswerebelievedtobeamongtheaudiences5.Accordingtothepassage,theEmpireBuilderenjoyedanincreaseinridershipandprofitsbecause.A)theattractivenessofitsnameandroutewaseffectivelyadvertised

169A)itprovidedanexcitingtravelexperienceB)itspassengerscouldenjoythegreatwesternoutdoorsC)itwaswidelyadvertisedinnewspapersandmagazinesinChicagoandSeattlePassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whydoescramgobadfasterthanbutter?Someresearchersthinktheyhavetheanswer,anditcomesdowntothestructureofthefood,notitschemicalcomposition—afindingthatcouldhelpridsomeprocessedfoodsofchemicalpreservatives.Creamandbuttercontainprettymuchthesamesubstances,sowhycreamshouldsourmuchfasterhasbeenamystery.Bothareemulsions—tinyglobules(小球体)ofoneliquidevenlydistributedthroughoutanother.Thedifferenceliesinwhat'sintheglobulesandwhat'sinthesurroundingliquid,saysBrocklehurst,wholedtheinvestigation.Incream,fattyglobulesdriftaboutinaseaofwater.Inbutter,globulesofawaterysolutionarelockedawayinaseaoffat.Thebacteriawhichmakethefoodgobadprefertoliveinthewateryregionsofthemixture."Thismeansthatincream,thebacteriaarefreetogrowthroughoutthemixture,"hesays.Whenthesituationisreversed,thebacteriaarelockedawayincompartments(隔仓室)burieddeepintheseaoffat.Trappedinthisway,individualcoloniescannotspreadandrapidlyrunoutofnutrients(养料).Theyalsoslowlypoisonthemselveswiththeirwasteproducts.“Inbutter,yougetaself-limitingsystemwhichstopsthebacteriagrowing,“saysBrocklehurst.Theresearchersarealreadyworkingwithfoodcompanieskeentoseeiftheirproductscanbemaderesistanttobacterialattackthroughalterationstothefood'sstructure.Brocklehurstbelievesitwillbepossibletomaketheemulsionsusedinsaladcream,forinstance,morelikethatinbutter.Thekeywillbetodothiswhilekeepingthesaladcreamliquidandnotturningitintoasolidlump.1.ThesignificanceofBrocklehursfsresearchisthat.A)itsuggestedawaytokeepsomefoodsfreshwithoutpreservativesB)itdiscoveredtinyglobulesinbothcreamandbutterC)itrevealedthesecretofhowbacteriamultiplyincreamandbutterD)itfoundthatcreamandbuttersharethesamechemicalcomposition2.Accordingtotheresearchers,creamsoursfastthanbutterbecausebacteriaA)aremoreevenlydistributedincreamB)multiplymoreeasilyincreamthaninbutterC)liveonlessfatincreamthaninbutterD)producelesswasteincreamthaninbutter3.AccordingtoBrocklehurst,wecankeepcreamfreshby.

170A)removingitsfatB)killingthebacteriaC)reducingitswatercontentD)alteringitsstructure1.Theword“colonies”(Line2,Para.4)refersto.A)tinyglobulesB)wateryregionsC)bacteriacommunitiesD)littlecompartments2.Commercialapplicationoftheresearchfindingwillbepossibleifsaladcreamcanbemaderesistanttobacterialattack.A)byvaryingitschemicalcompositionB)byturningitintoasolidlumpC)whilekeepingitsstructureunchangedD)whileretainingitsliquidformPartIIIVocabularyandStructure(20minutes)3.Sheoughttostopwork;shehasaheadachebecauseshetoolong.A)hasbeenreadingB)hadreadC)isreadingD)read4.NiagaraFallsisagreattourist,drawingmillionsofvisitorseveryyear.A)attentionB)attractionC)appointmentD)arrangement5.Idon'tmindthedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.A)youtodelaymakingB)yourdelayingmakingC)yourdelayingtomakeD)youdelaytomake6.Thehopes,goals,fearsanddesireswidelybetweenmenandwomen,betweentherichandthepoor.A)alterB)shift

171A)transferB)vary1.CornoriginatedintheNewWorldandthuswasnotknowninEuropeuntilColumbusfounditinCuba.A)beingcultivatedB)beencultivatedC)havingcultivatedD)cultivating2.Thesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudienceonbenches,chairsorboxes.A)havingseatedB)seatingC)seatedD)havingbeenseated3.Thiskindofglassesmanufacturedbyexperiencedcraftsmencomfortably.A)iswornB)wearsC)wearingD)areworn4.Somediseasesarebycertainwateranimals.A)transplantedB)transformedC)transportedD)transmitted5.Wouldn'tyouratheryourchildtobedearly?A)goB)wentC)wouldgoD)goes6.AlthoughAnneishappywithhersuccessshewonderswillhappentoherprivatelife.A)thatB)whatC)itD)this

1721.Thewordsofhisoldteacherleftaimpressiononhismind.Heisstillinfluencedbythem.A)stayingnotB)nottostayC)thathewouldnotstayD)thathenotstay2.Mike'suncleinsistsinthishotel.A)whateverB)whomeverC)whicheverD)whoever3.Weagreedtoaccepttheythoughtwasthebesttouristguide.A)whateverB)whomeverC)whicheverD)whoever4.Itisourpolicythatwewillachieveunitythroughpeacefulmeans.A)consistentB)continuousC)considerateD)continual5.Between1974and1997,thenumberofoverseasvisitorsexpanded27%.A)byB)forC)toD)in6.Althoughmanypeopleviewconflictasbad,conflictissometimesusefulitforcespeopletotesttherelativemeritsoftheirattitudesandbehaviors.A)bywhichB)towhichC)inthatD)sothat7.HeisabouthischancesofwinningagoldmedalintheOlympicsnextyear.A)optimisticB)optional

173A)outstandingB)obvious1.SometimesIwishIinadifferenttimeandadifferentplace.A)belivingB)werelivingC)wouldliveD)wouldhavelived2.Thedirectorwascriticalthewayweweredoingthework.A)atB)inC)ofD)with3.Inasuddenofanger,themantoreupeverythingwithinreach.A)attackB)burstC)splitD)blast4.sherealizeditwastoolatetogohome.A)NosooneritgrewdarkthanB)HardlydiditgrowdarkthatC)ScarcelyhaditgrowndarkthanD)Itwasnotuntildarkthat5.InBritainpeoplefourmilliontonsofpotatoeseveryyear.A)swallowB)disposeC)consumeD)exhaust6.I'dhisreputationwithotherfarmersandbusinesspeopleinthecommunity,andthenmakeadecisionaboutwhetherornottoapprovealoan.A)takeintoaccountB)accountforC)makeupforD)makeout7.Itisessentialthattheseapplicationformsbackasearlyaspossible.A)mustbesent

174A)willbesentB)aresentC)besent1.Shecookedthemeatforalongtimesoastomakeitenoughtoeat.A)mildB)slightC)lightD)tender2.Wetakeourskinforgranteduntilitisburnedrepair.A)beyondB)forC)withoutD)under3.ThecomputerrevolutionmaywellchangesocietyasasdidtheIndustrialRevolution.A)certainlyB)insignificantlyC)fundamentallyD)comparatively4.inthisway,thesituationdoesn'tseemsodisappointing.A)TolookatB)LookingatC)LookedatD)Tobelookedat5.Alotofantsarealwaysinvadingmykitchen.Theyareathorough.A)nuisanceB)troubleC)worryD)anxiety6.Somewomenagoodsalaryinajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.A)mustmakeB)shouldhavemadeC)wouldmakeD)couldhavemade

175PartIVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA)fB),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Inatelephonesurveyofmorethan2,000adults,21%saidtheybelievedthesunrevolved(旋转)aroundtheearth.An717%didnotknowwhichrevolvedaround72Ihavenodoubtthat73allofthesepeoplewere74inschoolthattheearthrevolvesaroundthesun;75mayevenhavewrittenit76atest.Buttheynever77theirincorrectmentalmodelsofplanetary(行星的)78becausetheireverydayobservationsdidn'tsupport79theirteacherstoldthem:Peopleseethesun“moving"80theskyasmorningturnstonight,andtheearthseemsstationary(静止的)81thatishappening.Studentscanlearntherightanswers82heartinclass,andyetnevercombinedthem83theirworkingmodelsoftheworld.Theobjectivelycorrectanswertheprofessoracceptsandthe84personalunderstandingoftheworldcan85sidebyside,eachunaffectedbytheother.Outsideofclass,thestudentcontinuestosuethe86modelbecauseithasalwaysworkedwell87thatcircumstance.Unlessprofessorsaddress88errorsinstudents'personalmodelsoftheworld,studentsarenot89toreplacethemwiththe90one.71.A)excessive74.A)learnedB)extraB)suggestedC)additionalC)taughtD)addedD)advised72.A)what75.A)thoseB)whichB)theseC)thatC)whoD)otherD)they73.A)virtually76.A)onB)remarkablyB)withC)ideallyC)underD)preferablyD)for

17677.A)formed84.A)adult'sB)alteredB)teacher'sC)believedC)scientist'sD)thoughtD)student's78.A)operation85.A)existB)positionB)occurC)motionC)surviveD)locationD)maintain79.A)how86.A)privateB)whichB)individualC)thatC)personalD)whatD)own80.A)around87.A)inB)acrossB)withC)onC)onD)aboveD)for81.A)since88.A)generalB)soB)naturalC)whileC)similarD)forD)specific82.A)to89.A)obligedB)byB)likelyC)inC)probableD)withD)partial83.A)with90.A)perfectB)intoB)betterC)toC)reasonableD)alongD)correctPartIVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicHowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation.Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:1.上大学的费用(tuitionandfees)可以通过多种途径解决

1771.哪种途径适合于我(说明理由)HowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation参考答案PartI1.C2.A3.D4.C5.A6.B7.B8.C9.D10.B11.C12.D13.A14.A15.A16.B17.B18.D19.D20.CPartII21.B22.A23.B24.D25.C26.A27.C28.C29.A30.B31.D32.B33.C34.D35.A36.A37.B38.D39.C40.D

178PartIII41.A42.B43.B44.D45.A46.C47.B48.D49.B50.B51.C52.D53.D54.A55.A56.C57.A58.B59.C60.B61.D62.C63.A64.D65.D66.A67.C68.C69.A70.DPartIV71.C72.B73.A74.C75.D76.A77.B78.C79.D80.B81.C82.B83.A84.D85.A86.C87.A88.D89.B90.D

179（ハ）PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionA1.A)Sheisnotinterestedinthearticle.B)Shehasgiventhemanmuchtrouble.C)Shewouldliketohaveacopyofthearticle.D)Shedoesn'twanttotakethetroubletoreadthearticle.2.A)HesawthebigtowerhevisitedonTV.B)HehasvisitedtheTVtowertwice.C)HehasvisitedtheTVtoweronce.D)HewillvisittheTVtowerinJune.3.A)Thewomanregretshavingtakenupmuchoftheprofessor'stime.B)Thewomanregretshavingtakenupmuchoftheprofessor'stime.C)rFhewomanknowstheprofessorhasbeenbusy.D)Thewomanknowstheprofessorhasrunintotrouble.4.A)Hedoesn'tenjoybusinesstripsasmuchasheusedto.B)Hedoesn'tthinkheiscapableofdoingthejob.C)Hethinksthepayistoolowtosupporthisfamily.D)Hewantstospendmoretimewithhisfamily.5.A)Themanthoughttheessaywaseasy.B)Theybothhadahardtimewritingtheessay.C)Thewomanthoughttheessaywaseasy.D)Neitherofthemhasfinishedtheassignmentyet.6.A)Inthepark.B)Betweentwobuildings.C)Inhisapartment.D)Underahugetree.7.A)It'sawfullydull.

180B)It'sreallyexciting.C)It'sveryexhausting.D)It'squitechallenging.1.A)Amovie.B)Alecture.C)Aplay.D)Aspeech.2.A)Theweatherismildcomparedtothepastyears.B)Theyarehavingthecoldestwinterever.C)Theweatherwillsoongetwarmer.D)Theweathermaygetevencolder.3.A)Amysterystory.B)Thehiringofashopassistant.C)Thesearchforareliablewitness.D)Anunsolvedcaseofrobbery.SectionBPassageoneQuestions11to14arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.4.A)TheywanttochangethewayEnglishistaught.B)TheylearnEnglishtofindwell-paidjobs.C)Theywanttohaveanup-to-dateknowledgeofEnglish.D)Theyknowclearlywhattheywanttolearn.5.A)Professionals.B)Collegestudents.C)Beginners.D)Intermediatelearners.6.A)Coursesfordoctors.B)Coursesforbusinessmen.C)Coursesforreporters.D)Coursesforlawyers.

1811.A)Threegroupsoflearners.B)TheimportanceofbusinessEnglish.C)EnglishforSpecificPurposes.D)FeaturesofEnglishfordifferentpurposes.PassageTwoQuestions15to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.2.A)Toshowofftheirwealth.B)Tofeelgood.C)Toregaintheirmemory.D)Tobedifferentfromothers.3.A)Tohelpsolvetheirpsychologicalproblems.B)Toplaygameswiththem.C)Tosendthemtothehospital.D)lbmakethemawareofitsharmfulness.4.A)Theyneedcareandaffection.B)Theyarefondofround-the-worldtrips.C)Theyaremostlyformbrokenfamilies.D)Theyare1汰elytocommitcrimes.PassageThreeQuestions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.5.A)Becauseitwastooheavy.B)Becauseitdidnotbendeasily.C)Becauseitdidnotshootfar.D)Becauseitsstringwasshort.6.A)Itwentoutofuse300yearsago.B)Itwasinventedaftertheshortbow.C)Itwasdiscoveredbeforefireandthewheel.D)It'sstillinusetoday.7.A)Theyareaccurateandeasytopull.

182B)Theirshootingrangeis40yards.C)Theyareusuallyusedindoors.D)Theytook100yearstodevelop.PartIIVocabularyandStructure(20minutes)1.Aswecannolongerwaitforthedeliveryofourorder,wehavetoit.A)postponeB)refuseC)delayD)cancel2.Thesebooks,whichyoucangetatanybookshop,willgiveyouyouneed.A)alltheinformationB)alltheinformationC)allofinformationD)alloftheinformation3.Notuntilthegamehadbegunatthesportsground.A)hadhearrivedB)wouldhehavearrivedC)didhearriveD)shouldhehavearrived4.Youngpeoplearenottostandandlookatworksofart;theywantarttheycanparticipatein.A)conservativeB)contentC)confidentD)generous5.MostbroadcastersmaintainthatTVhasbeenunfairlycriticizedandarguethatthepowerofthemediumis.A)grantedB)impliedC)exaggeratedD)remedied6.Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgobythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.

183A)unrecordedB)tobeunrecordedC)unrecordingD)tohavebeenunrecorded1.Ihavenoobjectionyourstoryagain.A)tohearB)tohearingC)tohavingheardD)tohaveheard2.Theclothesapersonwearsmayexpresshisorsocialposition.A)curiosityB)statusC)determinationD)significance3.Bylaw,whenonemakesalargepurchase,heshouldhaveopportunitytochangehismind.A)accurateB)urgentC)excessiveD)adequate4.Youwillseethisproductwhereveryougo.A)tobeadvertisedB)advertisedC)advertiseD)advertising5.Theearlypioneershadtomanyhardshipstosettleonthenewland.A)goalongwithB)gobackonC)gothroughD)gointo6.Thesuggestionthatthemajortheprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.A)wouldpresentB)presentC)presents

184A)oughttopresent1.Beeristhemostpopulardrinkamongmaledrinkers,overallconsumptionissignificantlyhigherthanthatofwomen.A)whoseB)whichC)thatD)what2.Peter,whohadbeendrivingallday,suggestedatthenexttown.A)tostopB)stoppingC)stopD)havingstopped3.Ididn'tknowtheword.Ihadtoadictionary.A)lookoutB)makeoutC)refertoD)goover4.Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgroundshisargumentsinfavourofthenewtheory.A)tobebasedonB)tobaseonC)whichtobaseonD)onwhichtobase5.Therearesignsrestaurantsarebecomingmorepopularwithfamilies.A)thatB)whichC)inwhichD)whose6.IthinkIwasatschool,IwasstayingwithafriendsduringthevacationwhenIheardthenews.A)orelseB)andthenC)orsoD)evenso

1851.Itissaidthatthemathteacherseemstowardsbrightstudents.A)partialB)beneficialC)preferableD)liable2.Inordertoshowhisbosswhatacarefulworkerhewas,hetooktroubleoverthefigures.A)extensiveB)spareC)extraD)supreme3.一“MayIspeaktoyourmanagerMr.Williamsatfiveo'clocktonight?"一’Tmsorry.Mr.Williamstoaconferencelongbeforethen."A)willhavegoneB)hadgoneC)wouldhavegoneD)hasgone4.Youhimsoclosely;youshouldhavekeptyourdistance.A)shouldn'tfollowB)mustn'tfollowC)couldn't'havebeenfollowingD)shouldn'thavebeenfollowing5.Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.A)haveallowedB)allowC)allowingD)allows6.Everybodyinthehallwheretheywerewelcomedbythesecretary.A)assembledB)accumulatedC)piledD)joined7.Puttinginanewwindowwillcuttingawaypartoftheroof.

186A)includeB)involveC)containD)comprise1.Livinginthewesternpartofthecountryhasitsproblems,obtainingfreshwaterisnottheleast.A)withwhichB)forwhichC)ofwhichD)which2.Intheoftheprojectnotbeingasuccess,theinvestorsstandtoloseupto$30million.A)faceB)timeC)eventD)course3.Themanagerwouldratherhisdaughterinthesameoffice.A)hadnotworkedB)nottoworkC)doesnotworkD)didnotwork4.,hedoesgetannoyedwithhersometimes.A)AlthoughmuchhelikesherB)MuchalthoughhelikesherC)AshelikeshermuchD)Muchashelikesher5.TheBritishconstitutionisalargeextentaproductofthehistoricaleventsdescribedabove.A)withinB)toC)byD)at

187PartIIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Longafterthe1998WorldCupwaswon,disappointedfanswerestillcursingthedisputedrefereeing(裁判)decisionsthatdeniedvictorytotheirteam.Aresearcherwasappointedtostudytheperformanceofsometopreferees.Theresearcherorganizedanexperimentaltournament(锦标赛)involvingfouryouthteams.Eachmatchlastedanhour,dividedintothreeperiodsof20minutesduringwhichdifferentrefereeswereincharge.Observersnoteddownthereferees9errors,ofwhichtherewere61overthetournament.Convertedtoastandardmatchof90minutes,eachrefereemadealmost23mistakes,aremarkablyhighnumber.Theresearcherthenstudiedthevideotapestoanalysethematchesindetail.Surprisingly,hefoundthaterrorsweremorelikelywhentherefereeswereclosetotheincident.Whentheofficialsgotitright,theywere,onaverage,17metersawayfromtheaction.Theaveragedistanceinthecaseoferrorswas12meters.Theresearchshowstheoptimum(最佳的)distanceisabout20meters.Therealsoseemedtobeanoptimumspeed.Correctdecisionscamewhentherefereesweremovingataspeedofabout2meterspersecond.Theaveragespeedforerrorswas4meterspersecond.IfFIFA,footbalPsinternationalrulingbody,wantstoimprovethestandardofrefereeingatthenextWorldCup,itshouldencouragerefereestokeeptheireyesontheactionfromadistance,ratherthanrushingtokeepupwiththeball,theresearcherargues.HealsosaysthatFIFA'sinsistencethatrefereesshouldretireatage45maybemisguided.Ifkeepingupwiththeactionisnotsoimportant,theirphysicalconditionislesscritical.1.Theexperimentconductedbytheresearcherwasmeantto.A)reviewthedecisionsofrefereesatthe1998WorldCupB)analysethecausesoferrorsmadebyfootballrefereesC)setastandardforfootballrefereeingD)reexaminetherulesforfootballrefereeing2.Thenumberofrefereeingerrorsintheexperimentalmatcheswas.A)slightlyaboveaverageB)higherthaninthe1998WorldCupC)quiteunexpectedD)ashighasinastandardmatch

1881.Thefindingsoftheexperimentshowthat.A)errorsaremorelikelywhenarefereekeepsclosetotheballB)thefarthertherefereeisfromtheincident,thefewertheerrorsC)themoreslowlytherefereeruns,themorelikelywillerrorsoccurD)errorsarelesslikelywhenarefereestaysinonespot2.Theword“officials”(Line2,Para.4)mostprobablyrefersto.A)theresearchersinvolvedintheexperimentB)theinspectorsofthefootballtournamentC)therefereesofthefootballtournamentD)theobserversatthesiteoftheexperiment3.Whatisoneofthepossibleconclusionsoftheexperiment?A)Theidealretirementageforanexperiencedfootballrefereeis45.B)Ageshouldnotbethechiefconsiderationinchoosingafootballreferee.C)Afootballrefereeshouldbeasyoungandenergeticaspossible.D)Anexperiencedfootballrefereecandowellevenwheninpoorphysicalcondition.PassageTwoQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whilestillinitsearlystages,welfarereformhasalreadybeenjudgedagreatsuccessinmanystates一atleastingettingpeopleoffwelfare.It'sestimatedthatmorethan2millionpeoplehavelefttherollssince1994.Inthepastfouryears,welfarerollsinAthensCountryhavebeencutinhalf.But70percentofthepeoplewholeftinthepasttowyearstookjobsthatpaidlessthan$6anhour.Theresult:TheAthensCountypovertyratestillremainsatmorethan30percent一twicethenationalaverage.Foradvocates(代百人)forthepoor,that'sanindicationmuchmoreneedstobedone.“Morepeoplearegettingjobs,butit'snotmakingtheirlivesanybetter,"saysKathyLairn,apolicyanalystattheCenteronBudgetandPolicyPrioritiesinWashington.AcenteranalysisofUSCensusdatanationwidefoundthatbetween1995and1996,agreaterpercentageofsingle,female-headedhouseholdswereearningmoneyontheirown,butthataverageincomeforthesehouseholdsactuallywentdown.Butformany,thefactthatpoorpeopleareabletosupportthemselvesalmostaswellwithoutgovernmentaidastheydidwithitisinitselfahugevictory."Welfarewasapoison.Itwasatoxin(毒素)thatwaspoisoningthefamily,"saysRobertRector,awelfare-reformpolicyanalyst."Thereforminchangingthemoralclimateinlow-incomecommunities.It'sbeginningtorebuildtheworkethic(道徳观),whichis

189muchmoreimportant."Mr.Rectorandothersarguedthatonce"thehabitofdependencyiscracked,"thenthecountrycanmakeotherpolicychangesaimedatimprovinglivingstandards.1.Fromthepassage,itcanbeseenthattheauthor.A)believesthereformhasreducedthegovernment'sburdenB)insiststhatwelfarereformisdoinglittlegoodforthepoorC)isoverenthusiasticaboutthesuccessofwelfarereformD)considerswelfarereformtobefundamentallysuccessful2.Whyaren'tpeopleenjoyingbetterliveswhentheyhavejobs?A)Becausemanyfamiliesaredivorced.B)Becausegovernmentaidisnowrare.C)Becausetheirwagesarelow.D)Becausethecostoflivingisrising.3.WhatisworthnotingfromtheexampleofAthensCountyisthat.A)greatereffortsshouldbemadetoimprovepeople'slivingstandardsB)70percentofthepeopletherehavebeenemployedfortwoyearsC)50percentofthepopulationnolongerreliesonwelfareD)thelivingstandardsofmostpeoplearegoingdown4.Fromthepassageweknowthatwelfarereformaimsat.A)savingwelfarefundsB)rebuildingtheworkethicC)providingmorejobsD)cuttinggovernmentexpenses5.Accordingtothepassagebeforethewelfarereformwascarriedout,.A)thepovertyratewasloverB)averagelivingstandardswerehigherC)theaverageworkerwaspaidhigherwagesD)thepoorusedtorelyongovernmentaidPassageThreeQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Americansarepoundoftheirvarietyandindividuality,yettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform,whetheritistheuniformofanelevatoroperatorortheuniformofafive-stargeneral.WhyareuniformssopopularintheUnitedStates?

190Amongtheargumentsforuniforms,oneofthefirstisthatintheeyesofmostpeopletheylookmoreprofessionalthancivilian(百女ヒ的)clothes.Peoplehavebecomeconditionedtoexpectsuperiorqualityfromamanwhowearsauniform.Thetelevisionrepairmanwhowearsuniformtendstoinspiremoretrustthanonewhoappearsincivilianclothes.Faithintheskillofagaragemechanicisincreasedbyauniform.Whateasierwayisthereforanurse,apoliceman,abarber,orawaitertoloseprofessionalidentity(身份)thantostepoutofuniform?Uniformsalsohavemanypracticalbenefits.Theysaveonotherclothes.Theysaveonlaundrybills.Theyaretax-deductible(可减税的).Theyareoftenmorecomfortableandmoredurablethancivilianclothes.Primaryamongtheargumentsagainstuniformsistheirlackofvarietyandtheconsequentlossofindividualityexperiencedbypeoplewhomustwearthem.Thoughtherearemanytypesofuniforms,thewearerofanyparticulartypeisgenerallystuckwithit,withoutchange,untilretirement.Whenpeoplelookalike,theytendtothink,speak,andactsimilarly,onthejobatleast.Uniformsalsogiverisetosomepracticalproblems.Thoughtheyarelong-lasting,oftentheirinitialexpenseisgreaterthanthecostofcivilianclothes.Someuniformsarealsoexpensivetomaintain,requiringprofessionaldrycleaningratherthanthehomelaunderingpossiblewithmanytypesofcivilianclothes.1.ItissurprisingthatAmericanswhoworshipvarietyandindividuality.A)stilljudgeamanbyhisclothesB)holdtheuniforminsuchhighregardC)enjoyhavingaprofessionalidentityD)willrespectanelevatoroperatorasmuchasageneralinuniform2.Peopleareaccustomedtothinkthatamaninuniform.A)suggestsqualityworkB)discardshissocialidentityC)appearstobemorepracticalD)lookssuperiortoapersonincivilianclothes3.Thechieffunctionofauniformisto.A)providepracticalbenefitstothewearerB)makethewearercatchthepubiceyeC)inspirethewearer'sconfidenceinhimselfD)providethewearerwithaprofessionalidentity4.Accordingtothepassage,peoplewearinguniforms.A)areusuallyhelpfulB)havelittleornoindividualfreedom

191A)tendtolosetheirindividualityB)enjoygreaterpopularity1.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe.A)UniformsandSocietyB)TheImportanceofWearingaUniformC)PracticalBenefitsofWearingaUniformD)AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofUniformsPassageFourQuestions66to70arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Sincewearesocialbeings,thequalityofourlivesdependsinlargemeasureonourinterpersonalrelationships.Onestrengthofthehumanconditionisourtendencytogiveandreceivesupportfromoneanotherunderstressfulcircumstances.Socialsupportconsistsoftheexchangeofresourcesamongpeoplebasedontheirinterpersonalties.Thoseofuswithstrongsupportsystemsappearbetterabletocopewithmajorlifechangesanddailyhassles(困难).Peoplewithstrongsocialtieslivelongerandhavebetterhealththanthosewithoutsuchties.Studiesoverarangeofillnesses,fromdepressiontoheartdisease,revealthatthepresenceofsocialsupporthelpspeoplefendoff(扌当开)illness,andtheabsenceofsuchsupportmakespoorhealthmorelikely.Socialsupportcushionsstressinanumberofways.First,friends,relatives,andco-workersmayletusknowthattheyvalueus.Ourself-respectisstrengthenedwhenwefeelacceptedbyothersdespiteourfaultsanddifficulties.Second,otherpeopleoftenprovideuswithinformationalsupport.Theyhelpustodefineandunderstandourproblemsandfindsolutionstothem.Third,wetypicallyfindsocialcompanionshipsupportive.Engaginginleisure-timeactivitieswithothershelpsustomeetoursocialneedswhileatthesametimedistracting(转移，,・注意力)usfromourworriesandtroubles.Finally,otherpeoplemaygiveusinstrumentalsupport一financialaid,materialresources,andneededservices一thatreducesstressbyhelpingusresolveandcopewithourproblems.2.Interpersonalrelationshipsareimportantbecause.A)theyareindispensabletopeople'ssocialwell-beingB)theyawakenpeople'sdesiretoexchangeresourcesC)theyhelppeopletocopewithlifeintheinformationeraD)theycancurearangeofillnessessuchasheartdisease,etc3.Researchshowsthatpeople'sphysicalandmentalhealth.A)reliesonthesocialwelfaresystemswhichsupportthemB)hasmuchtodowiththeamountofsupporttheygetfromothersC)dependsontheirabilitytodealwithdailyworriesandtroubles

192A)iscloselyrelatedtotheirstrengthforcopingwithmajorchangesintheirlives1.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword“cushions”(Line1,Para.2)?A)Addsupto.B)Doesawaywith.C)Lessenstheeffectof.D)Laysthefoundationfor.2.Helpingasickneighborwithsomerepairworkisanexampleof.A)instrumentalsupportB)informationalsupportC)socialcompanionshipD)thestrengtheningofself-respect3.Socialcompanionshipisbeneficialinthat.A)ithelpsstrengthenourtieswithrelativesB)itenablesustoeliminateourfaultsandmistakesC)itmakesourleisure-timeactivitiesmoreenjoyableD)itdrawsourattentionawayfromourworriesandtroublesPartIVTranslation(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,therearefouritems,eachconsistingofoneortwosentencesforyoutotranslateintoChinese.ThesesentencesarealltakenfromtheReadingPassagesyouhavejustreadinPartThreeofTestPaperOne.Youshouldreferhacktothepassagessoastoidentifytheirmeaningsinthecontext.51.(Lines1-2,Para.1,Passage1)Longafterthe1998WorldCupwaswon,disappointedfanswerestillcursingthedisputedrefereeing(裁判)decisionsthatdeniedvictorytotheirteam.52.(Lines1-2,Para.6,Passage2)Butformany,thefactthatpoorpeopleareabletosupportthemselvesalmostaswellwithoutgovernmentaidastheydidwithitisinitselfahugevictory.53.(Lines5-6,Para.2,Passage3)Whateasierwayisthereforanurse,apoliceman,abarber,orawaitertoloseprofessionalidentity(身份)thantostepoutofuniform?54.(Lines3-4,Para.1,Passage4)

193Socialsupportconsistsoftheexchangeofresourcesamongpeoplebasedontheirinterpersonalties.PartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicIsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary?Thefirstsentencehasalreadybeenwrittenforyou.Youshouldwriteatleast100words,andbaseyourcompetitionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:1.很多人认为有必要举行英语ロ语考试,理由是…2.也有人持不同意见,…3.我的看法和打算IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessaryAtestofspokenEnglishwillbeincludedasanoptionalcomponentoftheCollegeEnglishTest(CET)

194参考答案PartI1.c2.C3.B4.D5.B6.D7.A8.C9.D10.D11.D12.A13.B14.C15.B16.A17.A18.C19.B20.APartII21.D22.A23.C24.B25.C26.A27.B28.B29.D30.B31.C32.B33.A34.B35.C36.D37.A38.A39.A40.C41.A42.D43.D44.A45.B46.C47.C48.D49.D50.BPartIII51.B52.C53.A54.C55.B56.D57.C58.A59.B60.D61.B62.A63.D64.C65.D66.A67.B68.C69.A70.D

19551.1998年世界杯足球赛早已尘埃落定,但失望的球迷们仍在责骂那些颇有争议的判罚,声称正是那些判罚使他们的球队没能获胜。52.但是穷人在没有政府救济的情况下,生活照样过得很好,对很多人来说,这一事实本身就是一个巨大的胜利。53.对于一名护士、理发师或是一名侍者而言,还有什么比脱掉制服更加便利的方法能让他们失去职业身份呢?54.社会资助是由人与人之间的资源交换所构成的,而这种交换乃是建立在他们的人际关系的基础之上。

196(九)PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)1.A)Shehastopostaletterinstead.B)Shehastoturndowntheman'srequest.C)She'snotsureifthecomputerisfixed.D)Shecan'tsendthemessagerightnow.2.A)Hedidn'tgetthebookheneeded.B)Hehadnoideawherethebookwas.C)Thelibraryisclosedonweekends.D)Hewasnotallowedtocheckoutthebook.3.A)Playataperecorder*.B)Takeapicture.C)Repairatypewriter.D)Startacar.4.A)Thewomanrejectedtheman'sapology.B)Thewomanappreciatedtheman'soffer.C)rrhemanhadforgottenthewholething.D)Themanhadhurtthewoman'sfeelings.5.A)Thewomanismeetingthemanattheairport.B)Theyarecomplainingaboutthepoorairportservice.C)TheyarediscussingtheirplanforChristmas.D)Themanisseeingthewomanoff.6.A)Sheplanstogotograduateschool.B)Shewilldropoutofschool.C)Shewillstopworkingandconcentrateonherstudies.D)Shewilltakeapart-timejob.7.A)Heneedsanotherjobasresearchassistant.B)HeaskedProfessorWilliamsforassistance.C)HeassistsProfessorWilliamswithhisteaching.D)HeisdoingresearchwithProfessorWilliams.

1971.A)Shethoughttherewerenoticketsleftfortheshow.B)Shethoughttheseatsontheleftsidewerefullyoccupied.C)Theshowwasplannedalongtimeago.D)Theaudienceweredeeplyimpressedbytheshow.2.A)Mr.Long'sbriefingwasunnecessarilylong.B)Thewomanshouldhavebeenmoreattentive.C)Mr.Long'sbriefingwasnotrelevanttothemission.D)Thewomanneedn'thaveattendedthebriefing.3.A)Inabank.B)Inaschool.C)Inaclothingstore.D)Inabarbershop.SectionBPassageoneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.ILA)Becausethebirdcouldn'trepeathismaster'sname.B)Becausethebirdscreamedalldaylong.C)Becausethebirdutteredthewrongword.D)Becausethebirdfailedtosaythenameofthetown.12.A)Thecruelmaster.B)Themaninthekitchen.C)Thepetbird.D)Thefourthchicken.13.A)Thebirdbadfinallyunderstoodhisthreat.B)Thebirdmanagedtoescapefromthechickenhouse.C)Thebirdhadlearnedtoscreambackathim.D)Thebirdwaslivingpeacefullywiththechickens.

198PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Theyarekeptinopenprisons.B)Theyareallowedoutoftheprisongrounds.C)Theyareorderedtodocookingandcleaning.D)Theyareasmallportionoftheprisonpopulation.13.A)Someoftheirprisonersareallowedtostudyorworkoutsideprisons.B)Mostoftheirprisonersareexpectedtowork.C)Theirprisonersareoftensenttospecialcentersforskilltraining.D)Theirprisonersareallowedfreedomtovisittheirfamilies.14.A)Theyareencouragedtodomaintenanceforthetrainingcentre.B)Mostofthemgetpaidfortheirwork.C)Theyhavetocooktheirownmeals.D)Theycanchoosetodocommunitywork.PassageThreeQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.15.A)Becausetheyhaveadrivinglicense.B)Becausetheyhavereceivedspecialtraining.C)BecausethetrafficconditionsinLondonaregood.D)Becausethetrafficsystemofthecityisnotverycomplex.16.A)Twotofourmonths.B)Aboutthreeweeks.C)Atleasthalfayear.D)Twoyearsormore.17.A)Governmentofficersarehardtoplease.B)Thelearnerhastogothroughseveraltoughtests.C)Thelearnerusuallyfailsseveraltimesbeforehepassesit.D)Thedrivingtestusuallylasttowmonths.18.A)Theydon'twanttheirpresentbossestoknowwhatthey'redoing.B)Theywanttoearnmoneyfrombothjobs.C)Theycannotearnmoneyastaxidriversyet.

199B)Theylookforwardtofurtherpromotion.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)PassageoneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.Theyseeadayinthenot-too-distantfuturewhenallautoswillbeabandonedandallowedtorust.Otherauthorities,however,thinktheautoisheretostay.Theyholdthatthecarwillremainaleadingmeansofurbantravelintheforeseeablefuture.Themotorcarwillundoubtedlychangesignificantlyoverthenext30years.Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.Thecarofthefutureshouldbefarmorepollution-freethanpresenttypes.Regardlessofitspowersource,theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion(拥挤).Oneproposedsolutiontothisproblemistheautomatedhighwaysystem.Whentheautoentersthehighwaysystem,aretractable(可伸缩的)armwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail,whichissimilartothosepoweringsubwaytrainselectrically.Onceattachedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralcomputer.Thecomputerwillthenmonitorallofthecar'smovements.Thedriverwilluseatelephonetodialinstructionsabouthisdestinationintothesystem.Thecomputerwillcalculatethebestroute,andreservespaceforthecarallthewaytothecorrectexitfromthehighway.Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwaitforthebuzzer(蜂鸣器)thatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.Itisestimatedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletohandle10,000vehiclesperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000vehiclesthatcanbecarriedbyapresent-dayhighway.12.Onesignificantimprovementinthefuturecarwillprobablybe.A)itspowersourceB)itsdrivingsystemC)itsmonitoringsystemD)itsseatingcapacity13.Whatistheauthor'smainconcern?A)Howtorenderautomobilespollution-free.B)Howtomakesmallerandsaferautomobiles.C)Howtosolvetheproblemoftrafficjams.D)Howtodevelopanautomatedsubwaysystem.

20012.Whatprovidesautoswithelectricpowerinanautomatedhighwaysystem?A)Arail.B)Anengine.C)Aretractablearm.D)Acomputercontroller.13.Inanautomatedhighwaysystem,allthedriverneedstodois.A)keepintherightlaneB)waittoarriveathisdestinationC)keepinconstanttouchwiththecomputercenterD)informthesystemofhisdestinationbyphone14.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthefutureofautos?A)Enthusiastic.B)Pessimistic.C)Optimistic.D)Cautious.PassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Foxesandfarmershavenevergotonwell.Thesesmalldog-likeanimalshavelongbeenaccusedofkillingfarmanimals.Theyareofficiallyclassifiedasharmfulandfarmerstrytokeeptheirnumbersdownbyshootingorpoisoningthem.Farmerscanalsocallontheservicesoftheirlocalhunttocontrolthefoxpopulation.Huntingconsistsofpursuingafoxacrossthecountryside,withagroupofspeciallytraineddogs,followedbymenandwomenridinghorses.Whenthedogseventuallycatchthefoxtheykillitorahuntershootsit.Peoplewhotakepartinhuntingthinkofasasport;theywearaspecialuniformofredcoatsandwhitetrousers,andfollowstrictcodesofbehavior.Butowningahorseandhuntingregularlyisexpensive,somosthuntersarewealthy.Itisestimatedthatupto100,000peoplewatchortakepartinfoxhunting.Butoverthelastcoupleofdecadesthenumberofpeopleopposedtofoxhunting,becausetheythinkitisbrutal(残酷的)，hasrisensharply.Nowadaysitisrareforahunttopassoffwithoutsomekindofconfrontation(冲突)betweenhuntersandhuntsaboteurs(阻拦者).Sometimestheseincidentsleadtoviolence,butmostlysaboteursinterferewiththehuntbymisleadingridersanddisturbingthetrailofthefox'ssmell,whichthedogsfollow.Noisyconfrontationsbetweenhuntersandsaboteurshavebecomesocommonthattheyarealmostasmuchapartofhuntingasthepursuitoffoxesitself.Butthisyearsupportersoffoxhuntingfaceamuchbiggerthreattotheirsport.ALabourPartyMemberoftheParliament,MikeFoster,istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlawwhichwillmake

201thehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal.Ifthelawispassed,wildanimalslikefoxeswillbeprotectedunderthebaninBritain.12.RichpeopleinBritainhavebeenhuntingfoxes.A)forrecreationB)intheinterestsofthefarmersC)tolimitthefoxpopulationD)toshowofftheirwealth13.WhatisspecialaboutfoxhuntinginBritain?A)Itinvolvestheuseofadeadlypoison.B)Itisacostlyeventwhichrarelyoccurs.C)rrhehuntershavesetrulestofollow.D)Thehuntershavetogothroughstricttraining.14.Foxhuntingopponentsofteninterfereinthegame.A)byresortingtoviolenceB)byconfusingthefoxhuntersC)bytakinglegalactionD)bydemonstratingonthescene15.AnewlawmaybepassedbytheBritishParliamentto.A)prohibitfarmersfromhuntingfoxesB)forbidhuntingfoxeswithdogsC)stophuntingwildanimalsinthecountrysideD)preventlarge-scalefbxhunting16.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A)killingfoxeswithpoisonisillegalB)limitingthefoxpopulationisunnecessaryC)huntingfoxeswithdogsisconsideredcruelandviolentD)fox-huntingoftenleadstoconfrontationbetweenthepoorandtherichPassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ForanincreasingnumberofstudentsatAmericanuniversities,Oldissuddenlyin.Thereasonisobvious:thegrayingofAmericameansjobs,coupledwiththeagingofthebaby-boom(生育咼峰)generation,alongerlifespanmeansthatthenation'selderlypopulationisboundtoexpandsignificantlyoverthenext50years.By2050,25percentofallAmericanswillbeolderthan65,upfrom14percentin1995.Thechangeposesprofound

202questionsforgovernmentandsociety,ofcourse.Butitalsocreatescareeropportunitiesinmedicineandhealthprofessions,andinlawandbusinessaswell."Inadditiontothedoctors,we'regoingtoneedmoresociologists,biologists,urbanplannersandspecializedlawyers,"saysProfessorEdwardSchneideroftheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia's(USC)SchoolofGerontology(老年学).Lawyerscanspecializein“elderlaw,"whichcoverseverythingfromtrustsandestatestonursing-homeabuseandagediscrimination(歧视).Businessmenseehugeopportunitiesintheeldermarketbecausethebabyboomers,,74millionstrong,arelikelytobethewealthiestgroupofretireesinhumanhistory."Anystudentwhocombinesanexpertknowledgeingerontologywith,say,anMBAorlawdegreewillhavealicensetoprintmoney,"oneprofessorsays.MargariteSantosisa21-year-oldsenioratUSC.Shebegancollegeasabiologymajorbutfoundshewas"reallyboredwithbacteria."Soshetookaclassingerontologyanddiscoveredthatsheliedit.Shesays,"Ididvolunteerworkinretirementhomesanditwasverysatisfying."12."...Oldissuddenlyin"(Line1,Para.1)mostprobablymeans"".A)AmericahassuddenlybecomeanationofoldpeopleB)gerontologyhassuddenlybecomepopularC)moreelderlyprofessorsarefoundonAmericancampusesD)Americancollegeshaverealizedtheneedofenrollingolderstudents13.WiththeagingofAmerica,lawyerscanbenefit.A)fromtheadoptionofthe"elderlaw"B)fromrenderingspecialservicestotheelderlyC)byenrichingtheirprofessionalknowledgeD)bywinningthetrustoftheelderlytopromotetheirowninterests14.Whycanbusinessmenmakemoneyintheemergingeldermarket?A)Retireesaremoregenerousinspendingmoney.B)Theycanemploymoregerontologists.C)rFheelderlypossessanenormouspurchasingpower.D)Therearemoreelderlypeopleworkingthanbefore.15.Whocanmakebigmoneyinthenewcenturyaccordingtothepassage?A)Retireeswhoarebusiness-minded.B)Thevolunteerworkersinretirementhomes.C)CollegegraduateswithanMBAorlawdegree.D)Professionalswithagoodknowledgeofgerontology.16.ItcanbeseenfromthepassagethattheexpansionofAmerica'selderlypopulation

203A)willprovidegoodjobopportunitiesinmanyareasB)willimposeanunbearableburdenonsocietyC)mayleadtonursinghomeabuseandagediscriminationD)willcreatenewfieldsofstudyinuniversitiesPassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thedeclineinmoralstandards一whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts-hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans.AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.Thefacttheordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenation'smoralclimate,saysthisethics(伦理学)professorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswillcomeforwardtoimproveit.Butthechallengeisnottobeunderestimated.MaterialismandindividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles."ThethoughtthatTminitforme'hasbecomedeeplyrootedinthenationalconsciousness,"Ms.Elshtainsays.Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.Withtoday'sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.Ina1996pollofAmericans,lossofmoralitytoppedthelistofthebiggestproblemsfacingtheU.S.andElshtainsaysthepubliciscorrecttosensethat:DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.Thedesireforahighermoralstandardisnotalament(既歌)forsomenonexistent"goldenage,“Elshtainsays,norisitawishful(ー厢情愿的)longingforatimethatdeniedopportunitiestowomenandminorities.Mostpeople,infact,favorthelesseningofprejudice.Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety,shesays."Slowly,yourecognizethatthethingsthatmatterarethosethatcant'bebought."12.ProfessorElshtainispleasedtoseethatAmericans.A)haveadaptedtoanewsetofmoralstandardsB)arelongingforthereturnofthegoodolddaysC)haverealizedtheimportanceofmaterialthingsD)areawakeningtotheloweringoftheirmoralstandards13.ThemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyiscausedmanlyby.A)itsgrowingwealth

204A)theself-centerednessofindividualsB)underestimatingtheimpactofsocialchangesC)theprejudiceagainstwomenandminorities12.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesthetraditionalcommunities?A)Greatmobility.B)Concernforone'sneighbors.C)Emphasisonindividualeffort.D)Ever-weakeningsocialbonds.13.Inthe1950s,classroomviolence.A)wassomethingunheardofB)wasbynomeansarareoccurrenceC)attractedalotofpubicattentionD)begantoappearinanalysts'data14.AccordingtoElshtain,thecurrentmoraldeclinemaybereversed.A)ifpeoplecanreturntothe"goldenage"B)whenwomenandmeanenjoyequalrightsC)whenpeopleridthemselvesofprejudiceD)iflessemphasisislaidonmaterialthingsPartIIIVocabularyandStructure(20minutes)15.BythetimeyougettoNewYork,IforLondon.A)wouldbeleavingB)amleavingC)havealreadyleftD)shallhaveleft16.Thearticlesuggeststhatwhenapersonunderunusualstressheshouldbeespeciallycarefultohaveawell-balanceddiet.A)isB)wereC)beD)was17.Thelawyeradvisedhimtodropthe,sincehestandslittlechancetowin.A)event

205A)incidentB)caseC)affair12.Sometimeschildrenhavetroublefactfromfictionandmaybelievethatsuchthingsactuallyexist.A)toseparateB)separatingC)forseparatingD)ofseparating13.Heisquitesurethatit'simpossibleforhimtofulfillthetaskwithintwodays.A)absolutelyB)exclusivelyC)fullyD)roughly14.Therewasabigholeintheroadwhichthetraffic.A)setbackB)stoodbackC)heldupD)keptdown15.Manyadelegatewasinfavorofhisproposalthataspecialcommitteetoinvestigatetheincident.A)weresetupB)wassetupC)besetupD)setup16.IntheChinesehousehold,grandparentsandotherrelativesplayrolesinraisingchildren.A)incapableB)indispensableC)insensibleD)infinite17.EyecontactisimportantbecausewrongcontactmaycreateacommunicationA)tragedy

206A)vacuumB)questionC)barrier12.Therewassuchalonglineattheexhibitionwehadtowaitforabouthalfanhour.A)asB)thatC)soD)hence13.Thereisnototherehousefromthemainroad.A)accessB)avenueC)exposureD)edge14.energyundertheearthmustbereleasedinoneformoranother,forexample,anearthquake.A)AccumulatedB)GatheredC)AssembledD)Collected15.Hewasn'tappointedchairmanofthecommittee,notverypopularwithallitsmembers.A)tobeconsideredB)consideringC)beingconsideredD)havingconsidered16.Thetwentiethcenturyhaswitnessedanenormousworldwidepolitical,economicandcultural.A)traditionB)transportationC)transmissionD)transformation17.Thestuckontheenvelopesays“ByAir”.A)diagramB)label

207A)signalB)mark12.MobiletelecommunicationsisexpectedtodoubleinShanghaithisyearasaresultofacontractsignedbetweenthetwocompanies.A)capacityB)potentialC)possessionD)impact13.Readingthelines,IwouldsaythattheGovernmentaremoreworriedthantheywilladmit.A)behindB)betweenC)alongD)among14.Mybrother'splansarevery;hewantstomasterEnglish,FrenchandSpanishbeforeheissixteen.A)arbitraryB)aggressiveC)ambitiousD)abundant15.Thingsmighthavebeenmuchworseifthemotheronherrighttokeepthebaby.A)hasbeeninsistingB)hadinsistedC)wouldinsistD)insisted16.Thestatisticalfiguresinthatreportarenot.Youshouldnotrefertothem.A)accurateB)fixedC)delicateD)rigid17.Contrastmaymakesomethingappearmorebeautifulthanitiswhenalone.A)seenB)isseenC)tobeseen

208B)havingbeenseen12.ThefootballgamecomestoyoufromNewYork.A)livelyB)aliveC)liveD)living13.Noneofusexpectedthechairmantoattheparty.Wethoughthewasstillinhospital.A)turninB)turnoverC)turnupD)turndown14.Themotherdidn'tknowwhoforthebrokenglass.A)blamedB)beblamedC)toblameD)wouldblame15.Hetohiscustomersandhalvedtheprice.A)leakedB)drewC)quotedD)yielded16.Tryonwasextremelyangry,butcool-headedenoughtostormingintotheboss'soffice.A)preventB)prohibitC)turnD)avoid17.Allflightsbecauseoftheterribleweather,theyhadtogotherebytrain.A)havingbeencanceledB)hadbeencanceledC)havingcanceledD)werecanceled18.Theauthorofthereportiswellwiththeproblemsinthehospitalbecause

209hehasbeenworkingthereformanyyears.A)informedB)acquaintedC)enlightenedD)acknowledged12.TheboyspentasmuchtimewatchingTVashestudying.A)doesB)hadC)wasD)did13.Theships'generatorbrokedown,andthepumpshadtobeoperatedinsteadofmechanically.A)manuallyB)artificiallyC)automaticallyD)syntheticallyPartIVCloze(15minutes)Onesummernight,onmywayhomefromworkIdecidedtoseeamovie.Iknewthetheatrewouldbeair-conditionedandIcouldn'tfacemy71apartment.SittinginthetheatreIhadtolookthroughthe72betweenthetwotallheadsinfrontofme.Ihadtokeepchangingthe73everytimeshelearnedovertotalktohim,74heleanedovertokissher.WhydoAmericansdisplaysuch75inapublicplace?IthoughtthemoviewouldbegoodformyEnglish,but76itturnedout,itwasanItalianmove.77aboutanhourIdecidedtogiveuponthemovieand78onmypopcorn(爆玉米花).I'veneverunderstoodwhytheygiveyousomuchpopcorn!Ittastedprettygood,79.AfterawhileIheard80moreoftheromantic-soundingItalians.Ijustheardthe81ofthepopcorncrunching(咀嚼)betweenmyteeth.Mythoughtstatedto82.IrememberedwhenIwasisSouthKorea(韩国)，I83towatchKojakonTVfrequently.HespokeperfectKorean一!wasreallyamazed.Heseemedlikeagoodfriendtome,84IsawhimagaininNewYorkspeaking85EnglishinsteadofperfectKorean.Hedidn'tevenhaveaKoreanaccentandI86likeIhadbeenbetrayed.WhenourfamilymovedtotheUnitedStatessixyearsago,noneofusspokeanyEnglish.87wehadbeguntolearnafewwords,mymothersuggestedthatweallshouldspeakEnglishathome.Everyoneagreed,butourhousebecamevery88andweallseemedtoavoideachother.Wesatatthedinnertableinsilence,preferringthatto89inadifficultlanguage.MothertriedtosaysomethinginEnglishbutit90outallwrongandweallburst

210intolaughteranddecidedtoforgetit!We'vebeenspeakingKoreanathomeeversince.71.A)warmD)angleB)hot74.A)whileC)heatedB)wheneverD)coolC)or72.A)crackD)andB)blank75.A)attractionC)breakB)attentionD)openingC)affection73.A)aspectD)motionB)view76.A)sinceC)spaceB)when

211C)whatD)usedD)as77.A)Within84.A)untilB)becauseB)AfterC)thenC)ForD)thereforeD)Over78.A)concentrate85.A)artificialB)informalB)chewC)perfectC)fixD)practicalD)taste79.A)too86.A)feltB)lookedB)stillC)seemedC)thoughD)appearedD)certainly80.A)much87.A)WhileB)IfB)anyC)BeforeC)noD)OnceD)few81.A)voice88.A)emptyB)quietB)soundC)stiffC)rhythmD)calmD)tone82.A)wonder89.A)tellingB)utteringB)wanderC)sayingC)imagineD)speakingD)depart83.A)enjoyed90.A)workedB)gotB)happenedC)cameC)turnedD)madePartIVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:ALettertotheUniversityPresidentabouttheCanteenServiceonCampus.

212Youshouldwriteatleast100words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:假设你是李明,请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信,内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等,可以是表扬,可以是批评建议,也可以兼有而有之。January12th,2002DearMr.President,

213参考答案Parti1.D2.A3.A4.D5.D6.C7.C8.A9.B10.A11.D12.C13.A14.D15.A16.B17.B18.D19.B20.CPartII21.A22.C23.A24.D25.C26.A27.C28.B29.B30.C31.B32.B33.C34.D35.A36.D37.B38.B39.A40.DPartIII41.D42.A43.C44.B45.A46.C47.C48.B49.D50.B51.A52.A53.C54.D55.B56.A57.B58.C59.B60.A61.A62.C63.C64.C65.D66.D67.A68.B69.D70.A

214PartIV71.B72.D73.D74.C75.C76.D77.B78.A79.C80.C81.B82.B83.D84.A85.C86.A87.D88.B89.D90.C

215第・管ホWMostpeoplehavenoideaofthehardworkandworrythatgosintosthecollectingofthosefascinatingbirdsandanimalsthattheypaytoseeinthezoo.Oneofthequestionsthatisalwaysaskedofmeis11becameananimalcollectorinthefirst2.TheansweristhatIhavealwaysbeeninterestedinanimalsandzoos.Accordingtomyparents,thefirstwordIwasabletosaywithany3wasnottheconventional“mamma"or"daddy”,4theword"zoo",whichIwould5overandoveragainwithashrill6untilsomeone,insgroupsto7meup,wouldtakemetothezoo.WhenI8alittleolder;welivedinGreeceandIhadagreat9ofpets,rangingfromowlstoseahorses,andIspentallmysparetime10thecountrysideinsearchoffreshspecimensto11tomycollectionofpets.12onIwentforayeartotheCityZoo,asastudent13,togetexperienceofthelargeanimals,suchaslions,bears,bisonandostriches,14werenoteasytokeepathome.WhenIleft,I15hadenoughmoneyofmyowntobeableto16myfirsttripandIhavebeengoing17eversincethen.Thoughacollector'sjobisnotaneasyoneandisfullof18,itiscertainlyajobwhichwillappeal19allthosewholoveanimalsand20.1.A.howB.whereC.whenD.whether2.A.regionB.fieldC.placeD.case3.A.clarityB.emotionC.sentimentD.affection4.A.exceptB.butC.exceptforD.butfor5.A.reciteB.recognizeC.readD.repeat6.A.volumeB.noiseC.voiceD.pitch7.A.closeB.shutC.stopD.comfort8.A.grewB.wasgrowingC.growD.grown9.A.manyB.amountC.numberD.supply10.A.livingB.cultivatingC.reclaimingD.exploring11.A.increaseB.includeC.addD.enrich12.A.laterB.furtherC.thenD.subsequently13.A.attendantB.keeperC.memberD.aide14.A.whoB.theyC.ofwhichD.which15.A.luckilyB.gladlyC.nearlyD.successfully16.A.payB.provideC.allowD.finance17.A.normallyB.regularlyC.usuallyD.often18.A.expectationsB.sorrowsC.excitementD.disappointments19.A.forB.withC.toD.from20.A.excursionB.travelC.journeyD.Trip1.【答案】A【解析】根据下一句及随后的内容,作者讲的是怎样成为动物爱好者的（从小就喜欢动物）,应当选择A.how。2.【答案】C【解析】inthefirstplace是固定短语,意思是"首先"。此句意思是:别人经常问到的问题之一，是当初我是如何爱上动物的。3.【答案】A【解析】这句话的意思是:作者在呀呀学语之时,最早发清楚的音是“zoo”（动物园）,而不是“妈妈”，“爸爸”,因此,应选clarity"清晰"。填入其他选项emotion（感情）,sentiment（多愁善感）,affection（友爱）不合逻辑。4.【答案】B

216【解析】but在此处连接另ー个句子（itwastheword“zoo”，“itwas”被省略）,表示转折,意为“而是”，Except,exceptfor,butfor的用法接近,表示“除了”。例如:WegothereeverydayexceptSunday.Heansweredallthequestionsexceptforthelastone.Forayearthedamremainedcompletebutforthegenerators.从意思上,逻辑上,都应当选but。1.【答案】D【解析】根据后面的。verandoveragair\应选"repeat"2.【答案】C【解析】小孩想去动物园,便不停地发出尖叫声,故选"voice"。Ashrillvoice与scream的意思接近。volume（音量）：noise（噪音）：pitch（音调）均不合要求。3.【答案】B【解析】shutsb.up是指让某人住口,为了让孩子停止尖叫,只好带他去动物园。4.【答案】A【解析】根据后面主句的时态,此处只能用一般过去时。5.【答案】C【解析】agreatmany后直接跟可数名词的复数形式:agreat/largeamountof后跟不可数名词;只有agreat/largenumberof后可以跟可数名词的复数形式。例如:IreadagreatmanyEnglishbooks.Alargeamountofmoneyisspentontobaccoeveryyear.Agreatnumberofciviliansweremurderedincoldblood.6.【答案】D【解析】living后必须接介词in,意为"居住"：cultivating耕种:reclaiming开垦:只有exploring有探察的意思。7.【答案】C【解析】addto相当于increase,增加。其余选项后面都不接to。8.【答案】A【解析】lateron为固定短语,"后来”。9.【答案】D【解析】attendant仆人:keeper可理解为"饲养员"，但是astudentkeeper容易被误解为“收留学生的人"：aide有“助手”之义。作者ー边上学,一边在动物园里打エ,只能当助手。10.【答案】D【解析】which在此引导定语从句，修饰前面列出的动物。11.【答案】D【解析】因为钱是在动物园打エ挣的,选successfully更能体现其含义。12.【答案】D【解析】financemyfirsttrip意为"支付我的旅行费用”；pay后应接介词for;其他选项的意思相差甚远。13.【答案】B【解析】此句为现在完成进行时态,选regularly比较贴切。14.【答案】D【解析】此句是由though引导的让步状语从句,应与主句意思相对立。选项中,sorrows和disappointments与主句的appealto相对立，但sorrows的分量太重。15.【答案】C【解析】appealto为成语,意思是“吸引”。16.【答案】B

217【解析】excursion短途旅行;journey（从一地到另一地的）长距离,具体的旅途;travel旅行,旅游,海外旅行；trip旅行,远足。第二篇Ifyouweretobeginanewjobtomorrow,youwouldbringwithyousomebasicstrengthsandweaknesses.Successor1inyourworkwoulddepend,to2greatextent,3yourabilitytouseyourstrengthsandweaknessestothebestadvantage.4theutmostimportanceisyourattitude.Aperson5beginsajobconvincedthatheisn'tgoingtolikeitoris6thatheisgoingtoailisexhibitingaweaknesswhichcanonlyhinderhissuccess.Ontheotherhand,apersonwhoissecure7hisbeliefthatheisprobablyascapable8doingtheworkasanyoneelseandwhoiswillingtomakeacheerfulattempt9itpossessesacertainstrengthofpurpose.Thechancesarethathewilldowel!〇10theprerequisiteskillsforaparticularjobisstrength.Lackingthoseskillsisobviouslyaweakness.Abookkeeperwhocan'taddoracarpenterwhocan'tcutastraightlinewithasaw11hopelesscases.Thisbookhasbeendesignedtohelpyoucapitalize12thestrengthandovercomethe13thatyoubringtothejoboflearning.Butingroupstomeasureyourdevelopment,youmustfirst14stockofsomewhereyoustandnow.15wegetfurtheralonginthebook,we'llbe16insomedetailwithspecificprocessesfordevelopingandstrengthening17skills.However,18beginwith,youshouldpause19examineyourpresentstrengthsandweaknessesinthreeareasthatarecriticaltoyoursuccessorfailureinschool:your20,yourreadingandcommunicationskills,andyourstudyhabits.1.A.improvementB.victoryC.failureD.achievement2.A.aB.theC.someD.certain3.A.inB.onC.ofD.to4.A.OutofB.OfC.ToD.lnto5.A.whoB.whatC.thatD.which6.A.ensureB.certainC.sureD.surely7.A.ontoB.onC.offD.in8.A.toB.atC.ofD.for9.A.nearB.onC.byD.atlO.A.HaveB.HadC.HavingD.Hadbeen11.A.beingB.beenC.arejD.is12.A.exceptB.butC.forD.on13.A.ideaB.weaknessC.strength□.advantage14.A.makeB.takeC.doD.give15.A.asB.tillC.overD.out16.A.dealB.dealtC.bedealtD.dealing17.A.learntB.learnedC.learningD.learn18.A.aroundB.toC.fromD.beside19.A.toB.ontoC.intoD.with20.A.intelligenceB.workC.attitudeD.weakness第二篇答案+解说:1.【答案】C【解析】本句的意思是:“成功或失败在很大程度上取决于你是否能扬长避短。"improvement改进;victory胜利:achievement成果,成就。这三个词都不合题意,只有Cfailure“失败”最合适。2.【答案】A【解析】toagreatextent是固定短语，意思是“很大程度上”,符合题意。类似的说法还有:toalargeextent,tosomeextent,toanextent,toacertainextent,tothatextent,totheextentof…。the,some,certain

218都不能与greatextent搭配。1.【答案】B【解析】on与前面的depend构成本句谓语。2.【答案】B【解析】of与名词连用,表示具有某种性质,状态，做表语。置于句首，表示强调。正常席ノ茅为：Yourattitudeisoftheutmostimportance.3.【答案】A【解析】Aperson后应当是定语从句,“开始工作的那个人”。4.【答案】C【解析】本句的意思是“如果ー个刚刚开始工作的人就深信自己不会喜欢或肯定不适应这项工作，那么阻碍他成功的缺点就暴露出来了。”or后面省略了主语he。ensure保证:certain肯定的（只能用于It做主语的句子里）；surely确实地;sure肯定的。5.【答案】D【解析】inonesbelief相信。其它选项都不能与belief搭配。6.【答案】C【解析】capableofdoing是固定搭配,意为“能够干什么”。7.【答案】D【解析】attempt用做名词，后接介词at,意为“试图，努力”;如果后面接介词on,表示攻击的意思。其他两项都不能与attempt搭配。8.【答案】C【解析】本句的意思是“具有某ー工作的必要技能是一个优势”此处应填句子的主语,故选动名词having,9.【答案】D【解析】本句主语是Abookkeeperorcarpenter—〇根据主谓一致原则，其谓语应当用单数is,而不是复数are。being,been都是分词,应该排除。10.【答案】D【解析】on与前面的capitalize搭配,表示“利用”。做不定式help的补语。其它选项不能与capitalize搭配。11.【答案】B【解析】本句的意思是“克服缺点”,应选weakness（缺点,弱点）。idea观点;strength优点;advantage优势。14.【答案】B【解析】固定短语takestockof,意为“对估价,对作出判断”。15.【答案】A【解析】本句的意思是:“随着更深入的阅读”,从语法角度,此处应填关联词。四个选项中,只有as能用做关联词。16.【答案】D【解析】选项A,B,C分别是deal（处理,论述,涉及）的原形,过去分词及被动语态。根据语法和语义,此处应填将来进行时,意思是“随着书中内容的进ー步深入,我们将详细论述发展和加强学习技能的具体过程。”17.【答案】C【解析】根据上下文,这里应当指“学习技能”。18.【答案】B【解析】固定短语tobeginwith,意为“首先,第一”,常用做插入语。19.【答案】A【解析】谓语动词pause后,examine又是动词原形,所以这里应当选to,可构成动词不定式,做目的状语。其余选项都是介词,不合题意。

21915.【答案】C【解析】本句对全文进行总结概括,与文章的开头相呼应,Oftheutmostimportanceisyourattitude故选attitude。第三篇WhowontheWorldCup1994footballgame?WhathappenedattheUnitedNations?Howdidthecriticslikethenewplay?1aneventtakesplace;newspapersareonthestreets2thedetails.Whereveranythinghappensintheworld,reportsareonthespotto3thenews.Newspapershaveonebasic4,togetthenewsasquicklyaspossiblefromitssource,fromthosewhomakeittothosewhowantto5it.Radio,telegraph,television,and6inventionsbroughtcompetitionfornewspapers.Sodidthedevelopmentofmagazinesandothermeansofcommunication.7,thiscompetitionmerelyspurredthenewspaperson.Theyquicklymadeuseofthenewerandfastermeansofcommunicationtoimprovethe8andthustheefficiencyoftheirownoperations.Todaymorenewspapersare9andreadthaneverbefore.Competitionalsolednewspaperstobranchouttomanyotherfields.Besideskeepingreaders10ofthelatestnews,today'snewspapers11andinfluencereadersaboutpoliticsandotherimportantandseriousmatters.Newspapersinfluencereaders'economicchoices12advertising.Mostnewspapersdependonadvertisingfortheirvery13.Newspapersaresoldatapricethat14evenasmallfractionofthecostofproduction.Themain15ofincomeformostnewspapersiscommercialadvertising.The16insellingadvertisingdependsonanewspaper'svaluetoadvertisers.This17intermsofcirculation.Howmanypeoplereadthenewspaper?Circulationdepends18ontheworkofthecirculationdepartmentandontheservicesorentertainment19inanewspaper'spages.Butforthemostpart,circulationdependsonanewspaper'svaluetoreadersasasourceofinformation20thecommunity,city,country,state,nation,andworld—andevenouterspace.l.A.JustwhenB.WhileC.SoonafterD.Before2.A.togiveB.givingC.givenD.beinggiven3.A.gatherB.spreadC.carryD.bring4.A.reasonB.causeC.problemD.purpose5.A.makeB.publishC.knowD.write6.A.anotherB.otherC.oneanotherD.theother7.A.HoweverB.AndC.ThereforeD.So8.A.valueB.ratioC.rateD.speed9.A.spreadB.passedC.printedD.completed10.A.informB.beinformedC.tobeinformedD.informed11.A.entertainB.encourageC.educateD.edit12.A.onB.throughC.withD.of13.A.formsB.existenceC.contentsD.purpose14.A.triestocoverB.managestocoverC.failstocoverD.succeedsin15.A.sourceB.originC.courseD.finance16.A.wayB.meansC.chanceD.success17.A.measuresB.measuredC.lsmeasuredD.wasmeasured18.A.somewhatB.littleC.muchD.something19.A.offeringB.offeredC.whichofferedD.tobeoffered20.A.byB.withC.atD.about第三篇答案+解说:1.【答案】A【解析】just在此为副词,意为“刚刚”,做状语。此句意为“ー个事件刚刚发生,街上就有报纸报道详情了。说明报纸对新闻的反应之快。

2201.【答案】A【解析】togive和giving都合乎语法,但giving强调的是正在发生的动作,而此处重点表达的是“反应快”,不是正在做什么。2.【答案】A【解析】消息,信息要靠收集。3.【答案】D【解析】后面的不定式短语表示目的。4.【答案】C【解析】提供信息的目的是为了让他人知道,所以选C。5.【答案】B【解析】。ther意为“其他的”。此句意为:无线电,电报，电视，及其它发明，成为报纸的竞争对手。6.【答案】A【解析】根据句中的merely及其后所述内容，应选however,表转折。7.【答案】D【解析】使用更新，更快的通讯工具,目的是提高速度.8.【答案】C【解析】报纸是印出来的，先印后看（读）。9.【答案】D【解析】keepsb.+过去分词是ー种复合结构，sb.与过去分词为被动关系，意为保持这种关系的继续。此句的意思是:报纸不断地为读者提供新闻信息。10.【答案】C【解析】关于politics之类的严肃话题,只能选educate011.【答案】B【解析】此句意为:报纸通过广告影响读者在经济生活中的选择。12.【答案】B【解析】大多数报纸依靠广告收入来维持生存,此现象人人皆知。13.【答案】C【解析】报纸的售价之低,不足以抵付成本的ー小部分。符合上下文关于广告收入的说法。14.【答案】A【解析】收入来源应该用source〇因为source指河流，泉水的发源地:常指抽象事物的根源或来源以及资料，信息的出处或来源。origin起源,起因。指事物后来发生,发展变化的最初起点,或指人的出身和血统。15.【答案】D【解析】succeedin为固定短语。此句意为:广告业务的成功,取决于报纸在客户（要打广告的人）心中的价值。16.【答案】C【解析】根据上下文，此处应该用一般现在时的被动语态，此句意为:报纸在客户心中的价值，是靠发行量衡量的。17.【答案】C【解析】该句意为：发行量的大小，很大程度上取决于发行部门的工作及报纸所提供的服务功能和娱乐功能。18.【答案】B【解析】offered作services和entertainment的定语。19.【答案】D【解析】information后面接介词about,表示"关于"。

221第四篇Formanypeopletoday,readingisnolongerrelaxation.Tokeepuptheirworktheymustreadletters,reports,tradepublications,interofficecommunications,nottomentionnewspapersandmagazines:anever-endingfloodofwords.In1ajoboradvancinginone,theabilitytoreadandcomprehend2canmeanthedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.Yettheunfortunatefactisthatmostofusare3readers.Mostofusdeveloppoorreading4atanearlyage,andnevergetoverthem.Themaindeficiency5intheactualstuffoflanguageitself-words.Takenindividually,wordshave6meaninguntiltheyarestrungtogetherintophrased,sentencesandparagraphs.7,however,theuntrainedreaderdoesnotreadgroupsofwords.Helaboriouslyreadsonewordatatime,oftenregressingto8wordsorpassages.Regression,thetendencytolookbackover9youhavejustread,isacommonbadhabitinreading.Anotherhabitwhich10downthespeedofreadingisvocalization—soundingeachwordeitherorallyormentallyas11reads.Toovercomethesebadhabits,somereadingclinicsuseadevicecalledan12,whichmovesabar(orcurtain)downthepageatapredeterminedspeed.Thebarissetataslightlyfasterrate13thereaderfindscomfortable,inorderto“stretch"him.Theacceleratorforcesthereaderto

222readfast,14word-by-wordreading,regressionandsubvocalization,practicallyimpossible.Atfirst15issacrificedforspeed.Butwhenyoulearntoreadideasandconcepts,youwillnotonlyreadfaster,16yourcomprehensionwillimprove.Manypeoplehavefound17readingskilldrasticallyimprovedaftersometraining.18ChariceAu,abusinessmanager,forinstance,hisreadingratewasareasonablygood172wordsaminute19thetraining,nowitisanexcellent1,378wordsaminute.Heisdelightedthathowhecan20alotmorereadingmaterialinashortperiodoftime.l.A.applyingB.doingC.offeringD.getting2.A.quicklyB.easilyC.roughlyD.decidedly3.A.goodB.curiousC.poorD.urgent4.A.trainingB.habitsC.situationsD.custom6.A.someB.Alot7.A.Fortunately8.A.reuseB.reread9.A.whatB.which5.A.liesB.combinesC.touchesD.involvesC.littleD.dullB.lnfactC.LogicallyD.UnfortunatelyC.rewriteD.reciteC.thatD.if10.A.scalesB.cutsC.slowsD.measures11.A.someoneB.oneC.heD.reader12.A.acceleratorB.actorC.amplifierD.observer13.A.thenB.asC.beyondD.than14.A.enablingB.leadingC.makingD.indicating15.A.meaningB.comprehensionC.gistD.regression16.A.butB.norC.orD.for17.A.ourB.yourC.theirD.sucha18.A.LookatB.TakeC.MakeD.Consider19.A.forB.inC.afterD.before20.A.masterB.gooverC.presentD.getthrough第四篇答案+解说:1.【答案】D【解析】本句意思是“谁如果想谋得一份差事"。applying需加for,意思是“申请”；B.doing做;Coffering提供此三项均不符题意,只有D.getting（获得）适合。2.【答案】A【解析】本句意为“快速阅读与理解的能力,是关系到成败的关键所在"只有quickly与原意吻合。easiM容易地）；roughly（粗略地）；decidedly（果断地）均与原文内容不符。3.【答案】C【解析】英语中,阅读速度快的人称为goodreader,反之,就是poorreader。根据上下文的内容,多数人都属于poorreader,因此选poor（差的）。其它选项不妥。4.【答案】B【解析】此处的意思是“大多数人早期养成看书慢的习惯”因此选habits（习惯）。training（训练,培训）；situations（形势）；custom（风俗习惯）。5.【答案】A【解析】此处说的是“主要的困难在于语言的自身要素,即单词”。combines联合;touches接触;invokes包括,这三项的词义与原文不符。而lies与in构成搭配,意为“在于”。6.【答案】C【解析】这里的意思是“如果单个地看这些字,它们并没有什么意义"。some有点;Alot许多;duH单调的。此三项不合题意。只有little（很少）是否定词,合乎逻辑。7.【答案】D

223【解析】此句意为“作者对未受过阅读训练的人的不良习惯感到遗憾”。Fortunately幸运地;Infact事实上；Logically合乎逻辑地,均不妥。Unfortunately（不幸地）合乎句义。1.【答案】B【解析】此句意为“在阅读时经常重读（反复读）”因此,选reread重读。reuse再使用;Rewrite改写;recite背诵。2.【答案】A【解析】此处所填的词既是100kbackover的宾语，又是youhavejustread的宾语，只有what能充当这种双重成分。3.【答案】C【解析】scalesdown按比例减少:cutsdown削减:此两项不合题意。measures不能与down搭配。只有slow与down搭配的意思“放慢”,在此合适。4.【答案】B【解析】本段前文一经出现you,在此选one（泛指人们,我们，你）来代替you。someone无此用法。如果用reader,前面应加定冠词。he不能与该段逻辑一致。5.【答案】A【解析】此句意为“训练快速阅读所使用的工具必然与提高阅读速度有关”，因此选accelerator（快读器）。actor演员；amplifier放大器;observer观察者。6.【答案】D【解析】前面的faster决定了应当选than,构成比较级。7.【答案】C【解析】此句意为“快速阅读器迫使你加快阅读速度,使你再也不能逐字阅读,回顾前文内容或者默读”。enabling相当于makingpossible；leading引导;indicating指出,表明。都不合题意。只有making（使，使得）最合适。8.【答案】B【解析】这里的意思是“速读最初会影响理解”,所以选comprehension（理解力）。meaning意义，意思，指词或词组表示的意义；gist大意，要旨regression回顾9.【答案】A【解析】与前半句中的notonly相呼应，构成句式“不仅……,而且……”,只有选but,而nor；or或for均不能构成固定用法。10.【答案】C【解析】本句中的主语是第三人称复数，物主代词必然是their。11.【答案】B【解析】take与后面的forinstance构成短语,意为:“以例”,其它三项不能构成搭配。12.【答案】D【解析】这里提到受训之前与受训之后进行比较,对比，因此选before。13.【答案】D【解析】此处意为:在较短时间内，读完众多的材料。master掌握:goover复习:present呈现,展现;此三项均不妥;只有getthrough（读完）最恰当。第五篇Manystudentsfindtheexperienceofattendinguniversitylecturestobeaconfusingandfrustratingexperience.Thelecturerspeaksforoneortwohours,perhaps1thetalkwithslides,writingupimportantinformationontheblackboard,2readingmaterialandgivingout3.Thenewstudentseestheotherstudentscontinuouslywritingonnotebooksand4whattowrite.Veryoftenthestudentleavesthelecture5noteswhichdonotcatchthemainpointsand6becomehardevenforthe7tounderstand.Mostinstitutionsprovidecourseswhich8newstudentstodeveloptheskillstheyneedtobe9listenersandnote-takers.10theseareunavailable,therearemanyusefulstudy-skillsguideswhich11learnerstopractice

224theseskills12.Inallcasesitisimportantto13theproblem14actuallystartingyourstudies.Itisimportantto15thatmoststudentshavedifficultyinacquiringthelanguageskills16incollegestudy.Onewayof17thesedifficultiesistoattendthelanguageandstudy-skillsclasseswhichmostinstitutionsprovidethroughoutthe18year.Anotherbasic19istofindastudypartner20itispossibletoidentifydifficulties,exchangeideasandprovidesupport.1.A.extendingB.illustratingC.performingD.conducting2.A.attributingB.contributingC.distributingD.explaining3.A.assignmentsB.informationC.contentD.definition4.A.suspectsB.understandsC.wondersD.convinces5.A.withoutB.withC.onD.except6.A.whatB.thoseC.asD.which7.A.teachersB.classmatesC.partnersD.students8.A.preventB.requireC.assistD.forbid9.A.effectiveB.passiveC.relativeD.expressive10.A.BecauseB.ThoughC.WhetherD.lf11.A.enableB.stimulateC.advocateD.prevent12.A.independentlyB.repeatedlyC.logicallyD.generally13.A.evaluateB.acquaintC.tackleD.formulate14.A.beforeB.afterC.whileD.for15.A.predictB.acknowledgeC.argueD.ignore16.A.torequireB.requiredC.requiringD.arerequired17.A.preventingB.withstandingC.sustainingD.overcoming18.A.averageB.ordinaryC.normalD.academic19.A.statementB.strategyC.situationD.suggestion20.A.inthatB.forwhichC.withwhomD.suchas第五篇答案+解说:1.【答案】B【解析】将第1,2,3题通盘考虑。此处意为“老师会花ー两个小时用幻灯来解释讲课的内容,写出ー些重要的信息,散发ー些阅读材料,布置作业"。illustrate用图解说明,举例说明。2.【答案】C【解析】参考第1题答案。attribute把的原因归为:contribute有助于,贡献;distribute分发,散发,与下文的giveout同义。3.【答案】A【解析】assignments作业,任务。4.【答案】C【解析】新生发现别的学生一直在记笔记,他们不知道该记些什么,所以用wonders〇而suspects（怀疑）；understands（理解，明白）；convinces（让人相信）与题意不符。5.【答案】B【解析】with结构在此表示伴随的结果，说明学生听完讲座却记了一些抓不住重点的笔记。6.【答案】D【解析】这里是ー个并列句,并列的两个部分是whichdonotcatchthemainpointsandwhichbecomehardevenforthestudentstounderstand.7.【答案】D

225【解析】此句意为:学生记下的笔记连自己也无法明白。1.【答案】C【解析】鉴于上述情况，许多学校开设课程以帮助新生培养记笔记的能力，成为一名真正有效率的听众。assist帮助，援助。2.【答案】A【解析】参考第8题答案。effective有效的;passive被动的；relative相对的;expressive表现的,富于表情的。3.【答案】D【解析】此处的意思是:如果这些课程不可行的话,还会有许多行之有效的学习技巧的指导，这些指导使学生们能够独立地锻炼这些学习技巧,在此If表示假设条件。4.【答案】A【解析】enablesb.todosth使人能够干什么；stimulate激发，刺激；advocate提倡,倡导；prevent阻止。5.【答案】A【解析】independently独立地;repeatedly再三,市复地:logically合乎逻辑地；generally大体上，一般地。6.【答案】C【解析】此句意为“通常学生在开始学习之前就应该解决这种听课技能的问题”,此处C.totackleproblem意为"解决问题"。evaluate估计,评估；acquaint使认识,了解；formulate用公式表示,系统地阐述或提出。7.【答案】A【解析】参考13题。8.【答案】B【解析】这里的意思是“承认大多数学生在获取语言技能方面有困难,这是很重要的。因为只有承认这种困难才能提出克服困难的方法”。所以选B.acknowledge承认，认可。predict预测；argue争论,论证；ignore忽略,忽视。9.【答案】B【解析】过去分词做定语。10.【答案】D【解析】克服困难用overcomedifficulty〇不用preventing阻止,阻碍;withstand经受住,抵抗;sustain支撑,经受。11.【答案】D【解析】本题涉及学年的表达方法。12.【答案】B【解析】此句意为:另ー种基本的方案或策略是寻找ー个学习的伙伴。strategy策略,方案。13.【答案】C【解析】本题测试介词与关系代词的用法,withwhom表示与同伴一起学习。第六篇Fromchildhoodtooldage,wealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaboutus.Whenhumansfirst1,theywerelikenewbornchildren,unabletousethis2tool.Yetoncelanguagedeveloped,thepossibilitiesforhumankind'sfuture3andculturalgrowthincreased.Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis4forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They5thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesus6aninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlower7.Proponentsofthisinnatenesstheorysaythatour8forlanguageisinborn,butthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually,9afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical10timesforlanguagedevelopment.Current11ofinnatenesstheoryaremixed,however;evidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnate

226abilitiesisundeniable.12,moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin13grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing14tothem,whileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe15oftheirfirstlanguagehavebecomefirmlyfixed.16someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnate,languagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen17fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat18withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage19thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitative,learnedbehavior.20,childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild'slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.1.A.generatedB.evolvedC.bornD.originated2.A.valuableB.appropriateC.convenientD.favorite3.A.attainmentsB.feasibilityC.entertainmentsD.evolution4.A.essentialB.availableC.reliableD.responsible5.A.confirmB.informC.claimD.convinceG.A.forB.fromC.ofD.with7.A.organizationsB.organismsC.humans;D.children8.A.potentialB.performanceC.preferenceD.passion9.A.asB.justasC.likeD.unlike10.A.ideologicalB.biologicalC.social□.psychologicalll.A.reviewsB.referenceC.reaction□.recommendation12.A.lnawordB.lnasenseC.IndeedD.lnotherwords13.A.variousB.differentC.thehigherD.thelower14.A.revealedB.exposedC.engagedD.involved15.A.regulationsB.formationsC.rulesD.constitutions16.A.AlthoughB.WhetherC.SinceD.When17.A.distinguishedB.differentC.protectedD.isolated18.A.expositionB.comparisonC.contrastD.interaction19.A.acquisitionB.appreciationC.requirementD.alternative20.A.AsaresultB.AfterallC.lnotherwordsD.Aboveall第六篇答案+解说:1.【答案】B【解析】此处意为:当人类刚刚开始进化,他们如同新生儿ー样不会运用语言这种工具。evolved逐渐发展,进化符合题意。generated生殖,发展;born（bear的过去分词）不能作谓语动词;originated起源,不能用first修饰。2.【答案】A【解析】根据语法分析，答案应用来修饰语言的。valuable珍贵的;appropriate合适的，适当的；convenient方便的，便利的；favorite最喜欢的。语言并不是人类选择的结果，而是人类在进化过程中慢慢发展起来的，对人类来说,应当是珍贵的。3.【答案】A【解析】此处意思是:语言的发展增加了人类未来的成就和文化进步的可能性。attainments成就；feasibility可行性；entertainments娱乐；evolution进化。4.【答案】D【解析】此处意为:许多语言学家认为进化使人们产生和具备了语言的能力。固定短语beresponsibleforM负责，是的原由。其它选项不与for搭配。5.【答案】C【解析】根据语法分析,空格后应是ー个宾语从句，而A,B,D三项后

227都不能接从句做直接宾语。confirm（确认）+名词:inform（通知）sb.ofsth.；convince（使某人确信）sb.ofsth.1.【答案】D【解析】固定搭配providesb.withsth.意为“向（人）提供（物）”2.【答案】B【解析】此处意为:我们高度发达的大脑是我们具备了其它低等动物所不具备的语言能カ。显然，这里是把人和低等动物相比较。因此选organisms有机体,生物体。3.【答案】A【解析】此句意思是:人类的语言能力是与生俱来的,但语言本身也在逐渐发展，所以这种能力应该是潜在的。potential潜カ;performance履行;preference偏爱:passion激情。4.【答案】A【解析】此句句义是:语言本身作为童年时期大脑生长的ー种功能，其发展是缓慢的。as（作为，当作）合乎题意。Like作为介词的意思是“像……ー样”。5.【答案】B【解析】此句意为：语言的发展有一个关犍期，人体的成长是生物变化的过程。biological生物的;ideological思想上的;social社会的;psychological心理的。6.【答案】A【解析】此处意为:目前人们对“先天论”评论观点不ー,但是支持某些天生能力的证据却是确凿无疑的。reviews评论；reference参考；reaction反应；recommendation推荐。7.【答案】C【解析】从11题可看出，作者是倾向于先天论的，为了进ー步证明先天论是有道理的，作者选择了以学校为例加以说明,因此这里应填ー个表示递进关系的词Indeed（甚至）。8.【答案】D【解析】此处意思是:越来越多的学校发现在什么年级学外语较容易,根据常识（低年级学外语较容易）以及后文的Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing14tothem,whileadults…可以选定答案。9.【答案】B【解析】此处意为:通过接触多种语言，孩子们可以学会好几种语言。beexposedto是固定搭配，接触到。reveal（显露）sth.tosb,不合题意,因本题中的them指languages。其余选项不与to搭配。engagein从事:beinvolvedin参与。10.【答案】C【解析】此句意思是:一旦母语的规则被深深印入脑海中，成年人就很难再学好另ー种语言。rules规则,规律:regulations规定;formations构成，构造;constitutions宪法，章程。11.【答案】A【解析】分析上下文的逻辑关系，从句意思是:语言的某些方面肯定是先天的。主句意思是;语言不会在与人隔绝的状况下自行发展。前后应为转折关系。12.【答案】D【解析】此句意为;与人隔绝的儿童不能掌握好一门语言。isolated孤立的，与人隔绝的;distinguished区别的,杰出的;different不同的；protected受到保护的。13.【答案】D【解析】此句总结前几句，意为:必须通过与他人交往，语言才能够发展。interaction相互作用；exposition暴露；comparison比较；contrast对比。14.【答案】A【解析】根据分析,本句中的"this"和"evenmorebasic"分别指代上句的"interactionwithotherhumanbeings"和"necessary",此处所填词对应上文中的!anguagedevelopment.,也就是说,languageacquisition语言习得。appreciation欣赏,感激；requirement要求；alternative转移，转变，转换。15.【答案】C【解析】本句功能是以另ー种方式解释前文中的"imitative,learnedbehavior.（模仿性的后天行为）"。Inotherwords换言之，换句话说;Asaresult结果是;Afterall毕竟；Aboveall首先。第七篇ShoppinghabitsintheUnitedStateshavechangedgreatlyinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury.1inthe1900smostAmericantownsandcitieshadaMainStreet.MainStreetwasalwaysintheheartofatown.Thisstreetwas2onbothsideswithmany3businesses.Here,shopperswalkedintostorestolookatallsortsof

228merchandise:clothing,furniture,hardware,groceries.4,someshopsoffered5.Theseshopsincludeddrugstores,restaurants,shoerepairstores,andbarberorhairdressingshops.6inthe1950s,achangebeganto7.ToomanyautomobileshadcrowdedintoMainStreet8toofewparkingplaceswere9shoppers.Becausethestreetswerecrowded,merchantsbegantolookwithinterestattheopenspaces10thecitylimits.Openspaceiswhattheircardrivingcustomersneeded.Andopenspaceiswhattheygot11thefirstshoppingcentrewasbuilt.Shoppingcentres,orrathermalls,12asacollectionofsmallnewstores13crowdedcitycentres.14byhundredsoffreeparkingspace,customersweredrawnawayfrom15areastooutlyingmalls.Andthegrowing16ofshoppingcentresled17tothebuildingofbiggerandbetterstockedstores.18thelate1970s,manyshoppingmallshadalmostdevelopedintosmallcitiesthemselves.lnadditiontoprovidingthe19ofonestopshopping,mallsweretransformedintolandscapedparks,20benches,fountains,andoutdoorentertainment.1.A.AsearlyasB.EarlyC.EarlyasD.Earlier2.A.builtB.designedC.intentedD.lined3.A.variedB.variousC.sortedD.mixedup4.A.ApartfromB.HoweverC.lnadditionD.Aswell5.A.medicalcareB.foodC.cosmeticsD.services6.A.suddenlyB.AbruptlyC.ContrarilyD.But7.A.betakingplaceB.takeplaceC.betakenplaceD.havetakenplace8.A.whileB.yetC.thoughD.andthen9.A.availableforB.availabletoC.usedbyD.readyfor10.A.overB.fromC.outofD.outside11.A.whenB.whileC.sinceD.then12.A.startedB.foundedC.setupD.organized13.A.outofB.awayfromC.nexttoD.near14.A.AttractedB.SurprisedC.DelightedD.Enjoyed15.A.innerB.centralC.shoppingD.downtown16.A.distinctionB.fameC.popularityD.liking17.A.onB.inturnC.byturnsD.further18.A.ByB.DuringC.lnD.Towards19.A.cheapnessB.readinessC.convenienceD.handiness20.A.becauseofB.andC.withD.provided第七篇答案+解说:1.【答案】B【解析】asearlyas的意思为“同……ー样早"，early是副词,'‘早期”的意思、,earlier是比较级“较早”的意思。2.【答案】D【解析】本句的意思是“街道的两旁排列着很多各种各样的商店”，build的意思是“建造，修建”，design的意思是“设计”，intend"意思是“打算”，line是"沿……排列”的意思。3.【答案】B【解析】varied是“变化多端”的意思,various为“各种各样的”，sorted意为“分类的”，mixedup意为“困惑的，迷惘的，不适应社会的”。本句意为“各种各样的商店”。4.【答案】C【解析】本句的意思是“除了各种各样的商店销售各种各样的商品之外，有些商店还提供服务”，apartfrom意为“除此之外”，后必须接名词或动名词,however是连词“然而”的意思，inaddition可单独使用，意为“除此之外”，aswell用在句末。5.【答案】D

229【解析】medicalcare意为“医疗护理”。food是“食物”，cosmetic是“化妆品”，service是“服务”,根据上题意思,service一词放在这里最合适。1.【答案】D【解析】本句的意思是“在五十年代，情况发生了变化”，有转折的意思。suddenly和abruptly都是“突然”的意思，contrarily指“相反地”，but是“但是”的意思,表转折。2.【答案】B【解析】takeplace只有主动语态，故可排除C,而beginto后应接动词不定式，只有takeplace“发生”可用。3.【答案】A【解析】此句中太多的汽车和太少的停车场有相对比较的意思,while是连词,有“而,却”的意思，表比较。yet“然而”,表转折,though"尽管,虽然”,表让步。4.【答案】B【解析】beavailabletosb.为固定搭配,意为“対某人来说可用的,可得到的”，本句意为“顾客可用的停车场地”，故选B。5.【答案】D【解析】本句意为“商人们开始对城市界限以外的开阔地感兴趣”，outof表示”……的外面”而outside指“超过某ー个界限,范围等”。6.【答案】A【解析】这里是一个时间状语从句。因此用when（在……时候）。while指“在……期间”;since表示“自从”,主句一般用完成时。7.【答案】A【解析】本句的意思是“购物中心是从聚集一些小的店铺开始的”，只有startedas有此意。8.【答案】B【解析】本句意为“远离拥挤的市中心”，outof指“在……之外”，awayfrom表示距离，''远离”，nextto指“靠近，下ー个”，near是“近”的意思。9.【答案】A【解析】本句意为“被……所吸引”，surprise意为“使……惊奇”，delight意为“使……喜悦”，enjoy意为“欣赏,喜爱”。10.【答案】D【解析】本句意为“顾客从市区被吸引到城市以外的商业中心”，只有downtown“市区”符合此意。11.【答案】C【解析】本句意为“这些购物中心越来越大的名气反过来导致了更大，设备更好的商店的建成”。distinction声望:fame卓越,好名声;popularity名气很大，知名度很髙;liking喜爱,喜好。故选C。12.【答案】B【解析】根据上题解释，inturn应为“依次”的意思，引申为“反过来”。13.【答案】A【解析】在这四个选项中，只有by所组成的时间状语与完成时连用,意为“到……为止”,其他三个选项均被排除。14.【答案】C【解析】这里convenience与providing组成短语”提供方便，便利”,符合上下文义。15.【答案】C【解析】介词with在这里的意思是“带有”,本句意为“商业街被变成了带有长椅、喷泉及户外娱乐的风景优美的公园”。第八篇Musiccomesinmanyforms;mostcountrieshaveastyleoftheirown.1theturnofthecenturywhenjazzwasborn,Americahadnoprominent2ofitsown.Nooneknowsexactlywhenjazzwas3,orbywhom.Butitbegantobe4intheearly1900s.JazzisAmericascontributionto5music.lncontrasttoclassicalmusic,which6formalEuropeantraditions,jazzisspontaneousandfreeform.ltbubbleswithenergy,7themoods,

230interests,andemotionsofthepeople.Inthe1920sjazz8likeAmerica,and9itdoestoday.The10ofthismusicareasinterestingasthemusic11.AmericanNegroes,orblacks,astheyarecalledtoday,werethejazz12,TheywerebroughttoSouthernStates13slaves.Theyweresoldtoplantationownersandforcedtoworklong14.WhenaNegrodiedhisfriendandrelatives15aprocessiontocarrythebodytothecemetery.InNewOrleans,abandoftenaccompaniedthe16.Onthewaytothecemeterythebandplayedslow,solemnmusicsuitedtotheoccasion.17onthewayhomethemoodchanged.Spiritslifted.Deathhadremovedoneoftheir18,butthelivingweregladtobealive.Thebandplayed19music,improvising(即兴表演)onboththeharmonyandthemelodyofthetunes20atthefuneral.Thismusicmadeeveryonewanttodance.ltwasanearlyformofjazz.1.A.ByB.AtC.lnD.On2.A.musicB.songC.melodyD.style3.A.discoveredB.actedC.inventedD.designed4.A.noticedB.foundC.listenedD.heard5.A.classicalB.sacredC.popularD.lightG.A.formsB.followsC.approachesD.introduces7.A.expressingB.explainingC.exposingD.illustrating8.A.appearedB.feltC.seemedD.sounded9.A.asB.soC.eitherD.neither10.A.originsB.originalsC.discoveriesD.resources11.A.concernedB.itselfC.availableD.oneself12.A.playersB.followersC.fansD.pioneers13.A.forB.asC.withD.by14.A.monthsB.weeksC.hoursD.times15.A.demonstratedB.composedC.hostedD.formed16.A.demonstrationB.processionC.bodyD.march17.A.EvenB.ThereforeC.FurthermoreD.But18.A.numberB.membersC.bodyD.relations19.A.sadB.solemnC.happyD.funeral20.A.whistledB.sungC.presentedD.showed第八篇答案+解说:1.【答案】B【解析】这里attheturnofthecentury表示的是“在本世纪初”这一具体时间,只有at可以用在这里。2.【答案】D【解析】根据上文所说的大多数国家都有自己的音乐风格(style),而美国却没有自己突出的，后面也应该是风格，故选style。3.【答案】C【解析】本句意为没有人知道爵士乐是什么时候发明的,由谁发明的。discover意为“发现"，act意为'‘行动，扮演"，invent意为"发明，design意为"设计"。故选invent。4.【答案】D【解析】这里是说爵士乐被听到,所以用heard。Listen的意思是“听"，而且句末须接介词to,A),B)两项意思不符。5.【答案】C【解析】popularmusic是指"流行音乐",与classicalmusic（古典音乐）相对。爵士乐（jazz）是流行咅乐的ー种,故选popular。6.【答案】B【解析】此句意为古典音乐遵循正规的欧洲传统。form意为“形成"，follow意为“遵循”，approach意为

231“接近，靠近”，introduce意为“引进，介绍ニ1.【答案】A【解析】express意为“表达”,与后面的宾语moods（情绪）、interests（兴趣）、以及emotions（感情）相搭配。explain意为“解释，说明”，expose意为“揭露，使暴露”，illustrate意为“阐明”。2.【答案】D【解析】本句意为“在20世纪20年代，爵士乐听起来象是美国风格”。只有sound有“听起来”的意思。其他三个词都无此意。3.【答案】A【解析】本句意为“就象爵士乐今天的样子”，as意为“正如,就象”，后面接ー个句子。4.【答案】A【解析】。rigins意为“起源，起始”，originals意为“原作，原物”，discoveries意为“发现”，resources意为“资源”。此处句意为“爵士乐的起源”。故选A。5.【答案】B【解析】本句意为“音乐的起源和音乐本身ー样有趣。故此处应选择反身代词itself。6.【答案】D【解析】本句意为“美国的黑奴是爵士乐的先锋”。players意为“演奏者”，followers意为“追随者”，fans意为"（爵士乐）迷”，pioneers意为“先锋，开拓者”。7.【答案】B【解析】本句意为“他们被作为奴隶带到南部各州”。只有as,意为“作为”,介词，符合此意。8.【答案】C【解析】本句意为“黑奴们被卖给南方种植园主们而且被迫在地里长时间地劳动。long一般不与months和weeks搭配,hours指工作时间,times指次数或倍数,当一段时间讲时是不可数名词，故只可选hours。9.【答案】D【解析】demonstrate意为“论证,说明，示威”，compose后接介词of,意为“组成”，host意为“款待,作乐”，form与procession搭配，意为“形成队列”。故选D。10.【答案】B【解析】上句提到形成队列，本句意为这样的队列经常伴随有一支乐队,故选上文提到的procession〇11.【答案】D【解析】上句说:在去墓地的路上，乐队演奏缓慢的、庄重的音乐以便和悲痛的场合相配合。面本句说:在回来的路上,情绪变化了。所以这两句之间应该是转折的关系。因此选择buto12.【答案】D【解析】本句意为“死神夺去了他们的ー个亲人，但活着的人高兴他们还活着”。relations意为“亲戚”。故选D。13.【答案】C【解析】这里选择happy»以便和上句中提到的slow和solemn相对应。14.【答案】C【解析】whistled意为“吹口哨”，sung意为"唱"，presented意为"表演”，showed意为“展示”,只有presented才能和improvising相搭配。第九篇Ineverycultivatedlanguagetherearetwogreatclassesofwordswhich,takentogether,comprisethewholevocabulary.First,therearethosewords1whichwebecomeacquaintedindailyconversation,whichwe2,thatistosay,fromthe3ofourownfamilyandfromourfamiliarassociates,and4weshouldknowanduse5wecouldnotreadorwrite.They6thecommonthingsoflife,andarethestockintradeofallwho7thelanguage.Suchwordsmaybecalled“popular”,sincetheybelongtothepeople8andarenottheexclusive9ofalimitedclass.Ontheotherhand,ourlanguage10amultitudeofwordswhicharecomparatively11usedinordinaryconversation.Theirmeaningsareknowntoeveryeducatedperson,butthereislittle12touse

232themathomeorinthemarket-place.Our13acquaintancewiththemcomesnotfromourmother's14orfromthetalkofourschool-mates,15frombooksthatweread,lecturesthatwe16,orthemore17conversationofhighlyeducatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsomeparticular18inastyleappropriatelyelevatedabovethehabitual19ofeverydaylife.Suchwordsarecalled'learned”,andthe20betweenthemandthe“popular“wordsisofgreatimportancetoarightunderstandingoflinguisticprocess.1.A.atB.withC.byD.through2.A.studyB.imitateC.stimulateD.learn3.A.matesB.relativesC.membersD.fellows4.A.whichB.thatC.thoseD.ones5.A.evenB.despiteC.evenifD.inspiteof6.A.mindB.concernC.careD.involve7.A.hireB.applyC.adoptD.use8.A.inpublicB.atmostC.atlargeD.atbest9.A.rightB.privilegeC.shareD.possession10.A.consistsB.comprisesC.constitutesD.composes11.A.seldomB.muchC.neverD.often12.A.prospectB.wayC.reasonD.necessity13.A.primaryB.firstC.principalD.prior14.A.tipsB.mouthC.lipsD.tongue15.A.besidesB.andC.orD.but16.A.hearofB.attendC.hearfromD.listen17.A.formerB.formulaC.formalD.formative18.A.themeB.topicC.ideaD.point19.A.borderB.linkC.degreeD.extent20.A.diversionB.distinctionC.diversityD.similarity第九篇答案+解说:1.【答案】B【解析】本句中由withwhich引导的定语从句,修饰先行词thosewords。短语becomeacquaintedwithsb./sth.意为"认识某人,了解某事。”2.【答案】D【解析】imitate意为“模仿"，stimulate意为“刺激,激发二study和learn都有“学习”的意思,study着重研究，而learn指一般性的学习,故选D。3.【答案】C【解析】mate意为“伙伴,同事”，可组成复合名词，如:classmate同学,roommate同房间的人。relative意为‘‘亲戚"，member意为"成员"，familymember意为’‘家庭成员",fellow意为“伙伴,家伙"。4.【答案】A【解析】which引导非限制性定语从句，和前面的定语从句并列，修饰先行词thosewords,关系代词that只能在限制性定语从句中代替which,5.【答案】C【解析】evenif在这里引导条件状语从句。Even是副词,不能引导状语从句。Inspiteof和despite表示“尽管",为介词词组或介词，也不能引导状语从句。6.【答案】B【解析】本句的意思是“它们涉及生活中的一般性事情,是所有使用这种语言的人惯用的语言材料。Concern意为“涉及"，mind和care表示“介意,计较"，relate表示“讲述、叙述"。

2331.【答案】D【解析】use意为“使用"，apply意为“运用"，hire意为“雇用"，adopt意为“采纳"。2.【答案】C【解析】atlarge意为“普遍的、一般的"，inpublic意为“公开地、当众"，atmost意为“至多、不超过"，atbest意为“充其量、至多"。3.【答案】C【解析】share意为“份额、共享"。right和privilege意为“权利、特权",在本句不符合题意。possession意为“拥有、占有",通常指拥有财物。4.【答案】B【解析】comprise“包含、包括、由组成"。compose常用于被动结构becomposedof表示“由……组成"。consist是不及物动词，必须和of组成短语动词表示“由……组成",constitute意为“构成"。5.【答案】A【解析】seldom意为“不经常、很少"。6.【答案】D【解析】prospect意为“前景"；way“方式"；reason“理山"；necessity“必要性"。本句只有necessity符合句意。7.【答案】B【解析】本句意为“我们最初既不是从母亲嘴里,也不是从同学那里了解这些单词的……"first"第一、首先"；primary“基本的、原始的"；prior“优先的、在先的"；principal“主要的、首要的“。8.【答案】C【解析】learnsthfromoneslips是固定搭配,表示“从某人嘴里得知"。9.【答案】D【解析】but在这里表示转折的含义。10.【答案】B【解析】attendalecture”参加一个讲座”。11.【答案】C【解析】formal"正式的“；former"以前的"；formula"公式、方程”；formative"形成的”。12.【答案】B【解析】topic"话题”；theme“主题”；point"要点”。本句指讨论的话题,故选topic。13.【答案】D【解析】degree和extent均可表示程度,但extent还可表示“范围”。本句意为:……讨论问题的方式超越了日常生活的范围,所以选extent。Border边界,link连接。14.【答案】B【解析】diversion"转移、转向”；distinction"差别”；diversity"多样性、变化”；similary"相似之处”。本句意为:学术性词语和大众化词语之间的差别,故选distinction。快速成文模式:1.现象分析,解决问题型:第一段:It'sacommonphenomenonthat/Weoftenhearthat/Moreandmoreattentionhasbeenfocusedontheproblemof/Thewholesocietyshouldpaycloseattentiontotheproblemof+问题.Thefirstreasonisthat/First+理由ー.Besides/Secondly+理由二.(或Itbringsnotonly/ltsresultsmaybe+后果——.Butalso/ltwillalsobringthechangestooursocietysuchas+后果ー.)第二段:Asthereasonsabove,weshoulddosomethingsuchas/Whenwethinkaboutit,wefindthreeconstructivesolutions.First,/Peoplehavefiguredoutmanywaystosolvetheproblem.Firstly+解决方法一.Wecanalso/Second/Secondly+解决方法二.+Andfinally+解决方法三.

234第三段:Personally,Ibelievethat/Inmyopinion/Ithinkthat/Tome/Iwilltakethefollowingwaystosolvetheproblem/Inmyview+我的看法.1.正反观点对比型:第——段:Somepeople/personshold/think/insist/tendtothink/saythat+观点——・Theypointout/believethat+理由*.Secondly/Accordingly+理由二,第一段：Onthecontrary/However,otherpeopleholdtheview+观点二.Theyarguethat+理山一,Whaピsmore+理由二.第三段:Inmyopinion/SofarasIamconcerned/Ithink/Asforme+我的观点.Thereasonisthat+理由ー.Andalso+理由二.So+结论.2.道理论证型:第一・段:Peoplebelieveintheproverb+谚语owingtothemoralitteaches:+谚语内涵第二段:Anexampleofthiscaseis/Examplescanbeeasilyfoundtomakeacaseforthisproverb+举例第三段:Inaword+结论3.图表题:第一段:Aswecanseefrom/Accordingto/Asshowninthechart//graph/diagram,thereisaminimal/slight/small/steep/dramatic/rapid/sudden/steady/slow/gradual/sharpincrease/rise/decrease/decline/fluctuation/reduction/droopof+图表描述对象第一段:Therearethreemainlyreasonsresponsibleforthisinstance.Foronething+理由一.Foranother+理由二,Thelastbutnottheleastthingisthat+理由三.第二段:Althoughthisgraph/chart/table/diagrammaynotpredicttheentiresituationinthefuture,Ibelieve+预测・或Tosolvethisproblem,therearealotofthingsforustodo.+建议.36.Whydosomegovernmentspersistinspendingbillionsofdollarsonspaceexplorationwhenstarvationandpovertycontinuetogripmanycountriesthroughouttheworld?Thisparticularquestionisbeingraisedbyanever-increasingnumberofpeople.既然世界上许多国家仍被饥饿和贫困所困扰,为什么有的政府还坚持花费数十亿美元用于太空探索?现在越来越多的人提出这个问题。37.Judgingfromthereamsofevidencepresented,wecansafelyconcludethattheThreeGorgesProjectwillchangethelivesofanuntoldnumberofpeopleforever.根据现有的大量证据,我们可以有把握地得出这样的结论:三峡工程将永远改变无数人的生活。38.TheampleevidencepresentedenablesustoreasonablyconcludethatthescourgeofAIDSwillbebroughtundercontrolintheforeseeablefuture.提出的充分证据使我们能够合理地得出这样的结论:艾滋病的祸害在可预见的将来就能得到控制。39.Wemustseekimmediatesolutionsforproblemsleadingtotherapiddepletionoftheearth'sozonelayer.Ifallowedtoproceedunchecked,theproblemwillundoubtedlyexacerbateglobalwarmingandthreatenlife,asweknowittoday.我们必须寻求立即解决引起地球臭氧层快速损耗的问题的办法。如果任其自山发展,这ー问题无疑会加剧全球升温,并且正如今天我们所知道的那样危及生命。40.Quiteobviously,immediateactionisneededtoextricate80millionChinesepeoplefromthegripsofpovertyinordertoremovethedangerofsocialunrestandensurecontinuingstability.很明显，需要立即采取行动使八千万中国人摆脱贫困，从而消除社会动荡的危险，确保持续的稳定。41.Chinaneedstoreexaminetheresultsofpoliticalandsocialmodernizationinordertoascertainthe

235benefitsandindeedthedetrimentalaspectsfromanewperspective.Otherwise,variousperceivedaccomplishmentsmightinfactprovetobefarfrombeneficial.中国需要重新检查政治和社会现代化带来的结果以便从新的角度明确它们的好处,甚至是有害的方面。否则,许多我们以为取得的成就实际上可能完全不会带来好处。36.ItisessentialtoheedwarningsofpotentiallycatastrophicconsequencesassociatedwiththeYear2000computerbugand,inturn,toattachtopprioritytofindingeffectivesolutionstoensureasmoothtransitionintothenewcentury.我们必须注意有关计算机千年虫可能带来的灾难性结果的警告，并且相应地优先考虑寻找有效的解决办法以确保顺利过渡到新世纪。37.Itishightimeweputanendtothedeplorablepracticeofinfanticide.我们早该杜绝杀婴这种应遭谴责的做法。38.Thereislittledoubtthatimmediateactionisrequiredtoeliminatethescourgeofcorruptiononceandforever.毫无疑问,必须立即采取行动彻底消除腐败的祸害。39.Inshort,wemustworkdiligentlytomaketheworldabetterplaceforcominggenerations.Wemustnotpersistinpursuitsharmfultotheenvironment.简而言之,我们必须勤奋工作,为了下ー・代把世界变成更美好的地方。我们不应该坚持对环境有害的追求。40.Wemustavoidoverindulgenceandconspicuousconsumption.Wemustinsteadcontinuetorecognizethebenefitsofthriftinordertoprotectournewfoundprosperity.我们必须避免过分放纵和铺张浪费。相反,我们应该继续发扬节俭的优点以守护我们新获得的繁荣。41.Itisabsolutelyessentialtoreversetheirrationalmisuseofnonrenewableresources.Forexample,fuel-efficientmotorvehiclesmustbedevelopedtoreduceoilconsumptionandalternativeenergysourcesmustbefoundtoreplacecoal.彻底改变对不可再生资源的非理性滥用是绝对有必要的。例如,必须开发节能的机动车减少汽油的消耗量,并且必须找到可替代能源取代煤。42.Whileachievingsuccessiseasiersaidthandone,persistencedoesinfactpayoff.Oneofthemostimportanttraitsofasuccessfulpersonisself-confidence,anotherisdesire,andstillanotherisdetermination.获得成功说起来比做起来容易,然而坚持不懈确实会有好结果。成功人士的最重要的特征之ー是自信,第二是渴望，还有一个是决心。43.Recognizingaproblemisthefirststepinfindingasolution.认识到问题是找到解决办法的第一步。44.Manyoftheexplanationsofferedthusfarareatleasttoacertainextentvalid,butnonefullyaddresstheproblemandtheissuemustbeexaminedinawidercontext.目前提供的许多解释至少在一定程度上是正确的，但是，没有一个解释能完全处理问题，这件事情必须放在更广阔的背景中考虑。45.TherearenoimmediatesolutionsforreversingtheAsianfinancialcrisis,butconvincingaffected

236nationstopracticefiscalrestraintwillbehighlybeneficial.没有能立即扭转亚洲金融危机的办法,但是,它使受到影响的国家相信实行财政控制将大有益处。36.Immediatesolutionsforsolvingproblemssurroundingpovertyremainelusive.However,publicrecognitionofthenecessitytoprovideabetterqualityoflifeformillionsofpeoplewillrepresentthefirststepinfindingeffectivesolutions.立即解决贫困问题的办法仍然是难以捉摸的。然而,公众认识到为数百万人提供更高质量的生活的必要性是找到有效的解决办法的第一步。37.Whatdosethefutureholdifmankindpersistsinwastingnaturalresources?Whilenooneknowsforsure,scientistsdoexhibitadegreeofcertaintywhenpredictingthatfuturegenerationswillfaceadramaticallydifferentworld.如果人类继续浪费自然资源,未来将会有什么贮藏?没有人知道明确的答案,但是,科学家在预测后代将面对ー个迥然不同的世界时确实有一定的把握。38.Reversingundesirablesocialtrendswillbefarfromaneasytaskandwillrequireadramaticchangeinattitudes.Akeenawarenessofrightfromwrongisessentialfordeterminingappropriatesocialbehavior.扭转不好的社会趋势远非一件易事,看法需要有巨大的变化。对正误的深刻认识是判定得体的社会行为所必需的。39.Weoweadebtofgratitudetothemanyindividualswhodedicatedtheirlivestomakingtheworldabetterplace.However;wemustnotrestontheiraccomplishments,butmustinsteadworkassiduouslytorecordevengreaterachievements.我们应该感谢许多为把世界变得更美好而奉献一生的人。然而,我们不能依靠他们的成绩,而必须努力工作,取得更辉煌的成就。40.ThetwomajorchallengesfacingChinatodaycenteronmaintainingsustainedeconomicgrowthandfeedingitsgrowingpopulationofover1.2billionpeoplewithonlysevenpercentoftheworld'scultivableland.Despitethemonumentaldifficultiesinvolved,Chinesepeoplewillundoubtedlyexhibittheirindefatigableresilienceandachievegreatsuccessinbothregards.现在,中国面临的两大挑战是保持持续的经济增长和靠世界上仅仅百分之七的可耕地养活仍在增长的12亿人口。尽管遇到的困难很大,中国人无疑会表现出不知疲倦的活力,在两方面都取得巨大成功。41.Wedo,infact,havealongwaytogotoreachourfinalgoal,butachievingsomeremainswellwithintherealmofpossibility.事实上，我们达到最终的目标还有很长的路要走，但是,取得一些成绩还是可能做到的。42.Thetimeisrightforustotakefulladvantageofampleexistingopportunities.这正是我们充分利用大量现有机会的时候。43.Whileitremainstobeseenwhetherornotenvironmentaldeteriorationcanbecontrolled,thecurrentprospectsarefarfromencouraging.Peoplearoundtheworldmustactimmediatelytopreventthesituationfromdeterioratingevenfurther.环境恶化是否能得到控制这个问题仍然没有答案,但目前的前景一点儿也不乐观。全世界的人必须立即行动,防止情况进ー步恶化。44.Themethodologysuggestedmaynotguaranteeultimatesuccess,buttheeventualpay-offcouldwellbe

237worththeeffort.Achievingevenpartialsuccesswillbenefitmankindandcontributetocreatingabetterworld.提出的方法不一定保证最终的成功,但最后的结果非常值得付出努力。即使只获得部分成功也会使人类受益,并有利于创造ー个更美好的世界。36.Admittedly,ensuringsustainabledevelopmentwillrequireacertainlevelofsacrificeandarduouseffortsonthepartofallpeople.Nonetheless,theaccruedreturnswillbothstrengthenthenationandensureabetterlifeforallChinesecitizens.诚然,确保持续的发展需要人们做出一定程度的牺牲和辛勤努力。但是,积累的成果不仅能使国家更强大,而且能保证中国公民过上更美好的生活。37.TherapidemergenceofhomesforseniorcitizensrepresentsasharpdivergencefromthetraditionalChinesepracticeofmaintainingthenuclearfamilyatallcosts.老人疗养院的迅速出现体现了与中国传统的不惜一切代价维持核心家庭的做法的显著分歧。38.Participatingininteractiveexperiencesbeneficialtoallissomethingthatnooneshouldmiss.Thevaluablelessonslearnedtherefromshouldnotbearbitrarilydismissed,butshouldinsteadbetreasured.66.TwomajorfactorscontributedtodevastatingsummerfloodingalongtheYangtzeRiveranditstributaries.First,erosionresultingfromexcessivedeforestationintheupperreachesoftheriverand,second,heavysiltingwhichraisedtheriverbedinthemainchannel.两个主要因素导致了夏季长江及其支流的特大洪水。第一,过度砍伐引起的河流上游的侵蚀,第二,严重的泥沙淤积抬高了主干道的河床。67.Greedandatotallackofsocialconsciousnesshavebeencitedasmajorreasonsforthedramaticrisecorruption.人们认为贪婪和社会意识的彻底缺乏是造成腐败急剧增加的主要原因。68.ThereareseveralreasonsforthemarkedincreaseinChina'scrimerate—thedramaticinfluxofitinerantworkersinurbanareas;decliningsocialvalues;andwideningdisparitiesbetweenthehavesandhave-nots.中国的犯罪率显著升高有很多原因——城区大量流动工人的涌入:社会价值的贬低以及贫富之间日益扩大的差距。69.WhyareanincreasingnumberofelderlyChineseparentslivingapartfromtheirchildren?Onereasonistheincreasingupwardmobilityoftheyoungergeneration.Anotherisexpandingsocialopportunitiesfortheelderly.Perhapsthemainreason,however,centersondramaticchangesintraditionalconcepts.为什么越来越多的中国老人不和他们的孩子住在ー起?原因之一是年轻一代的上进心增强了。另ー个原因是社会上老人的机会增加了。然而,主要的原因可能是传统观念发生了巨大变化。70.Whathassparkedtheincreasinginterestinexercise?Foronething,peoplehavegainedagreaterawarenessoftheneedforphysicalfitness.Foranother,theconstantlyimprovingstandardoflivingenablesChinesepeopletopatronizetheincreasingnumberofrecreationalvenues.Themainthingperhapscentersonthehealthcareandpsychologicalbenefitsexerciseprovides.什么引发了人们对锻炼越来越浓的兴趣?一方面,人们更加清楚地意识到保持身体健康的必要性。另一方面,不断提高的生活水平使中国人能够支付增加的娱乐支出。最主要的可能在于锻炼带来的保健和心理上的好处。71.Identifyingthereasonsforanemergingphenomenonthatinvolvesseveralcomplicatedfactorsisfar

238fromaneasytask.Forexample,somescientistsattributeenvironmentaldeteriorationtoaseriesofnaturalfactors,whileothersplacetheblamesolelyoninappropriatehumanbehavior.要找到涉及许多复杂因素的新现象的原因远非ー一件易事。例如,ー些科学家把环境的恶化归结为ー些自然因素，而另ー些人把责任都推在人类不适当的行为上。66.Onedoesn'thavetolookfartorealizethedirectcorrelationbetweensmokingandcancer.人们不用花费很大力气就能发现抽烟和癌症之间的直接联系。67.Theexplanationforthephenomenonoftherisingteenagesuiciderateinvolvesmanycomplicatedfactors.Someattributetherisetoanoveremphasisonearlysuccess,otherspointtomountingpeerpressure,andstillotherstoconfusionoverchangingsocialvalues.对上升的少年自杀率的解释涉及很多复杂的因素。有的人把上升的原因归结为过分强调少年时期的成功，有的人指出是因为不断增长的同伴之间的压カ，还有人认为是对不断变化的社会价值的迷茫造成的。68.Thereasonsforantisocialbehaviorarebothcomplicatedandvaried.Isuggestthephenomenonresultsfrominappropriaterolemodelsandthelackofwell-definednormsofbehavior.However,themainreasonisquitelikelythecontinuingdegenerationofsocialvalues.反社会行为的原因既复杂又多样。我认为这种现象是不恰当的角色典型和缺少行为规范的很好的定义造成的。然而,主要原因很可能是不断贬低的社会价值。69.Thecausesofracialhatredarenotreadilydefinable.Sociologists,however,attributethemtothemisguidedconceptofasuperiorraceandaninnatemistrustofpeopleofcolor.Perhapsthemaincauseisquitesimplyignorance.种族仇恨的起因没有现成的答案。然而,社会学家把原因归结为被误导的更高贵的种族的观念以及天生的对有色人种的不信任。主要原因可能仅仅是因为无知。70.ThescourgeofHIV/AIDScurrentlyengulfingtheworldwillquitelikelybebroughtundercontrolwithinthenextfewyearsthankstotheuntiringeffortsofscientistsandresearchersworldwide.现在席卷世界的艾滋病的祸害很有可能由于全世界科学家和研究人员的不懈努力在未来几年内得到控制。71.Theincidencerateofcancermainlystemsfromseveralfactors,includinginappropriatediets,poorhealthcarepracticesandthelackofearlydetection.Continuingmedicaladvancesandrisingawarenessdo,however,offerpromisinghopeforthefuture.癌症的发病率主要由以下诸多因素引起，包括不适当的饮食、不好的保健习惯以及没有及早发现。然而,医学的不断进步和对此不断增强的关注给未来带来了很大的希望。72.Increasedurbanpollutionlevelsandthemountingdeathtollfrommotorvehiclesaccidentscanmainlybeattributedtotheglutofautomobilesappearingoncityroadsinrecentyears.Detrimentalfactorswillquitelikelyoutweighthebenefitsofrisingautomobileusage.城市人口的增长和车祸中死亡率的增加主要是由于近年内充斥城市道路的汽车。汽车使用量的增加带来的有害因素很有可能超过它的好处。80.State-ownedenterprisesarenotonlyfailingbecauseofinefficientmanagement,butalsobecauseoftheirinabilitytoswitchoperationalmodesfromtheformerplannedeconomytothenewmarketeconomy.国有企业失败不仅由于低效的管理,也因为他们不能实现从以前的计划经济到新的市场经济的运作模式的转换。

23980.Althoughwedonotknowthelong-termconsequencesofseparationordeprivation,wedoknowthattheycanproduceacuteimmediatedistress.虽然我们不知道分离和丧失亲人的长期后果,但我们知道它们能立即引起剧烈的悲痛。81.Onecanreadilytracethedisappearanceofdinosaurstoamajorcataclysmicevent.人们很容易把恐龙消失的原因归结为重大的灾难性事件。82.Thereasonsforpovertyaremany,butforthemostpartcenteronilliteracy,thelackofopportunitiesandinsomecasespurelaziness.贫困的原因很多,但主要是因为缺少教育、缺少机会,有的情况下纯粹是由于懒惰。83.Childdevelopmentdependsonanumberoffactors,bothphysicalandpsychological.Correctparentalnurturingfrominfancythroughadolescencedeterminesboththephysicalandmentalprofileofamatureindividual.儿童的发展取决于很多因素,包括生理的和心理的。从婴儿期到青春期的正确的家长教育决定一个成熟的个人的体质及智力的状况。84.Factorssuchasself-confidenceandambition,combinedwithdeterminationandwillpower,contributetoeventualsuccessorfailure.自信、雄心,加上决心和毅カ等因素是造成最终的成功或失败的原因。85.VariousfactorswillweighheavilyonChina'seventualentryintotheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO).Onecentersonthetotalabandonmentofprotectionism,andtheotherontheadoptionofgenerallyacceptedinternationalaccountingnorms.许多因素对中国最终加入世界贸易组织(WT0)有很大的影响。因素之一是彻底放弃保护主义，另ー个因素是采用普遍接受的国际会计规范。86.Oneofthemostcommonfailuresofpeopletodayistoavoidtellingthetruth.Peoplemustrealizethatavoidanceandlyinghaveneverinthepastand,infact,neverwillrightawrong.如今人类最常见的ー个不足是不说真话。人们必须意识到不说真话、说谎话在过去没有，事实上,将来也永远不会变错误为正确。87.Centralplanninghas,atleastinpart,beenblamedforthecurrentdemiseofstate-ownedenterprises.Perhaps,however;thegreatestblameshouldbeplacedonfactorssuchasgrosslyinefficientmanagement;therampantpracticeof"guanxi7cronyismandnepotism;excessivelylargeworkforces;abusesofsocialbenefits;andwithoutadoubtcorruption.人们认为中央计划至少是现在国有企业失败的部分原因。然而,最主要的原因可能是极低效的管理、关系的普遍运用、任用亲信和裙带关系、大量过剩的劳动カ、社会救济金的滥用,当然还包括腐败。88.Arecentsurveyrevealedlargedisparitiesintheincomelevelsofmaleandfemaleworkersholdingthesameposition.Thedeterminingfactorshouldbequalifications,ratherthangender,whendeterminingboththesalaryandpositionofanindividual.最近的ー项调查表明在同样职位上的男性与女性工人的收入水平存在差异。在决定工人工资和职位的时候,决定因素应该是资格,而不是件别。89.Socialfinesse,willingnesstorelocateandlanguagecapacityarealsodeterminantfactorsinassessing

240jobqualifications.社交手腕、愿意调动以及语言能力也是评估工作资格的决定性因素。80.ThetumultuousCulturalRevolutionwaschieflyresponsibleforthesearingdesireforchangeinChina.混乱的文化大革命是引起对中国发生变化的极度渴望的主要原因。81.TraditionalbeliefsdonotinthemselvesexplainthelingeringprevalenceofoutdatedconceptsinChina.传统信仰本身不能解释过时观念为何仍然在中国普遍存在。82.SomelaytheblameforfallingexportssquarelyonfinancialturmoilsweepingmanyAsiancountries.Thefactofthematteris,however,thatproportionateblameshouldbeassignedtothelackadaisicalapproachtodevelopingnewmarkets,failuretoimproveproductqualityandgovernmentinactionintherealmofsupport.有的人干脆认为造成出口下降的原因是横扫亚洲许多国家的金融危机。然而,事实是一部分原因应归结为开拓新市场的不得力的方法、改进产品质量的失败以及政府没有表示支持的行动。83.Weoftenignoretherealproblemandinsteadsearchforaneedleinahaystack.Solvingproblemsofanykindrequiresonetoadoptadirectapproachthataddressesallrelevantissues.我们经常忽略实际问题,而是大海捞针。解决任何类型的问题都需要一个人采取直接的办法处理所有相关事情。84.Claimingalackofopportunitiesisnothingmorethanasuperficialexcuseforjustifyingfailure.Thefundamentalreasonforfailureismostoftenthelackofdriveonthepartoftheindividualinvolved.声称缺少机会不过是敷衍失败的借口。通常,失败最根本的原因是相关的个人本身缺乏动カ。85.Wecan,andquiteoftendo,blameourcontemporariesforpersonalfailures,butthefactofthematteristhattherootcausesformostproblemsgomuchdeeper.我们可以,而且经常因个人的失败抱怨我们的同时代人,但是,事实是许多问题的根本原因要深刻得多。86.Therapidlyemergingsexualrevolutionhasbeenaccompaniedbymanydisturbingtrends.Perhapsthemostseriousconsequencescenterontherapidspreadofsexuallytransmitteddiseases(STDs),risingprostitutionandtheriseinAIDScases.伴随着迅速出现的性革命有很多令人烦恼的趋势。最严重的后果可能是性传染病的迅速蔓延、卖淫现象及艾滋病患者的增多。87.Thedeepimpactofopeningtotheoutsideworldisreadilydiscernibleinanumberofareas:theadoptionofmanyWesternhabits,bothgoodandbad;changing88.Thearrivaloftheso-called"InformationAge"willundoubtedlyhaveaprofoundinfluenceonourlives.Thetaskathandcenteronusingthetechnologyforbeneficialpurposes,whileatthesametimepreventingintrusionsofprivacyanduseoftheelectronichighwayfordeceitfulpurposes.所谓“信息时代”的来临无疑将深刻地影响我们的生活。手头的任务主要是利用技术达到有意的目的,同时,防止侵犯隐私或者出于欺骗的目的利用电子高速路。89.Noonecandoubtthatthereformandopeningpoliciesintroducedin1979havehadaprofoundimpactonthelivesofChinesecitizens.Changesresultingtherefromhavenotonlyimpactedtheeconomicsystem,butthesocialsystemaswell.没有人能怀疑1979年推出的改革开放政策对中国公民的生活产生了深刻的影响。由此造成的变化不仅影响了经济

241体制,而且影响了社会体制。80.Effluentdischargesofindustrialwastewaterandrawsewageintorivers,lakesandinshorecoastalareashavenotonlyadverselyaffectedmarinelifeandaquaticresources,buthavealsojeopardizedoneofthemajornecessitiesforsustaininglife—PotableWater.工业废水和原污水排放入河流、湖泊和近海岸区域不仅给海洋生物和水生资源带来了负面影响,而且也破坏了维持生命的主要必需品之一——饮用水。81.Itwillhaveadirectbearingonthematterunderdiscussion.这将和正在讨论的问题有直接关系。82.Rapideconomicgrowthmayleadtoanoverextensionofresourcesandleadtoaneventualcatastrophicmeltdown.经济迅速增长可能导致过度使用资源,并引起最终巨大的灾难。83.Theimmediateresultsofeconomicgrowthhavecreatedtheillusionofunendingprosperity.Thebestapproachatthisparticulartimeistoperhapserronthesideofcaution.经济增长的直接结果是造成了关于无止境繁荣的幻想。现在这个特定时刻最好的办法也许是慎之又慎。84.Thebenefitsoftechnologyareundeniable.Nonetheless,thefactthattechnologyoftennegatestheneedforhumanbeingsintheworkplacedeservescarefulconsiderationandretrainingprogramsforaffectedindividualsmustbeintroduced.技术的好处不容否认。然而,技术经常否认工作场所需要人类,这一点值得仔细考虑,而且,为受到影响的个人推出再培训项目是必需的。85.Thelackoffaithingovernmentisthedirectresultoftheprevailingdistrustofpoliticians.对政府缺乏信心是普遍存在的对政府官员的不信任直接造成的。86.Theadvantagesofharmoniousrelationsfaroutweighthedisadvantagesofconfrontation.和谐关系的好处远远大于冲突的坏处。109.Thecontrastbetweenrightandwrongishighlightedbythebenefitsaccruingfromtheformer.由于正确而得到的好处更加强调了正误的对比。110.Themoststrikingconclusionthatcanbereachedwhenweighingtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthemarketeconomyisquitefranklyprosperity.很坦率地说,在权衡市场经济的利弊时能得出的最显著的结论是繁荣。111.Theridiculousamountofmoneysomecountriesspendonmilitaryhardwareisabsurdwhenconsideringthenumberofpeoplestarvinginmanydevelopingcountries.考虑到ー些发展中国家挨饿的人的数量,ー些国家把大量资金花费在重型军事装备上显得很荒谬。112.Thelossofperquisitesenjoyedbygovernmentofficialsandbusinessexecutivespalesincomparisontotheplightofrefugeesinmanywar-torncountries.

242与许多饱受战争创伤的国家的难民所处的困境相比,政府官员和商业管理者失去所享受的特权就相形见细了。109.Whilethelong-termproblemofglobalwarmingisindeedserious,itssignificancediminishessomewhatwhenconsideringimmediateproblemssuchasrapidenvironmentaldeteriorationandtherampantmisuseandabuseofnonrenewableresources.虽然全球变暖这ー长期的问题确实很严重,但考虑到诸如环境的迅速恶化和不可更新资源的普遍滥用等当前的问题,它的重要性就有所降低了。110.Owningacarmightbepreferabletoowningabicycle,buttheproblemsassociatedwithowningtheformerfaroutweighthoseofthelatter.Foronething,automobilesareexponentiallymoreexpensiveandrequiregreatermaintenance.Foranother;bicyclesdon'tpollute.与拥有一辆自行车相比,人们更愿意拥有一辆汽车,但拥有后者涉及的问题远远超过前者。原因之一,汽车昂贵很多，需要更多的维护。原因之二,自行车不会引起污染。111.Theadvantagesoffamilyplanningmorethancompensateforthedisadvantages.计划生育的好处不仅仅弥补了它的害处。112.Claimsofgenderequalityarelacedwithcontradictions.Theprincipalfallacycentersontheworkplaceandconceptofequalpayforequalwork.Another;butnolessimportant,aspectrevolvesaroundtheentryofwomenintotopmanagementpositions.性别平等的呼声中有少量自相矛盾的内容。最大的谬误在于工作场所和同工同酬的概念。另ー个同样重要的方面与女性进入最高管理职位紧密相关。113.Bothlimitationsandproblemswillquitelikelybeencounteredduringtheongoingtransitiontothemarketeconomy.Foronething,urgentmeasuresarerequiredtoresolveproblemsinvolvingstate-ownedenterprises.Anotherthornyissueinvolvescontrollinginflationinthefaceofemergingmarketforces.正在进行的市场经济的转型很有可能将遇到限制和问题,一方面,需要紧要方法解决涉及国有企业的问题,另ー棘手的问题涉及在市场力量形成的同时控制通货膨胀.114.WilltheThreeGorgesProjectprovetobeamonumentalachievementornothingmorethanagiantfiasco?Oppositionvoicespointtodrawbackssuchasthemassivecostoftheproject,theneedtorelocatemillionsoflocalresidentsanddestructionoftheuniquenaturalenvironment.Supporters,ontheotherhand,contendthattheadvantages—i.e.improvedfloodcontrol,increasedpowergenerationcapacityanddesirableimpactoneconomicdevelopmentinrelatedareas-willfaroutweighthedisadvantages.Timewilltellandhistorywilljudgethewisdomoftheproject.三峡工程将成为极大的成功或只是彻底的失败?反对意见指出了诸如工程的巨额成本,数百万当地居民的重新安置以及独特的自然环境的破坏等障碍。另ー方面,支持者认为它的好处,例如对洪水控制的改善、发电能力的提高和对相关地区经济发展的影响将远远超过它坏处。至于建设这个工程明智与否,时间会告诉我们,历史会做出判断。115.Nothingapproachestheloveofamotherforherchild.没有东西可以和母爱相比。116.Fewscientificandtechnologicalachievementsequalthesuccessoflandingmenonthemoon.几乎没有科技成就能与人类成功登陆月球同日而语。117.Aquestionbeggingananswercentersonwhetherviolenceismoredirectlyrelatedtotheinnatecharacteristicofhumanbeing,orwhetheritissimplyamanifestationoftheillsofsociety.Determiningthe

243answerwillbefarfromaneasypropositionbutisnonethelessonethatdeservescarefulanddeliberateconsideration.需要回答的一个问题是:暴力与人类的天性联系更直接还是仅仅是社会恶习的体现?做出回答远非易事,而是值得仔细而审慎地考虑的事情。109.Fromthestandpointofsuccess,agoodworkethicisnolessimportantthananeducation.Successdoes,infact,dependonthetotalintegrationofbothaspects.从成功的角度来说,良好的职业道德与教育同等重要。事实上,成功的确建立在两方面完全融合的基础h«110.Thegrowingtrendforwivestoworkoutsidethehomeevenwhentheirhusbandsarepresentandemployedisinpartasharingofthefinancialburdenwiththehusband,andinpartareflectionoftheneedthesewomenfeeltohaveameasurablesenseofpersonalworth.越来越多的妻子到外面工作,甚至和她们的丈夫再ー起工作,一方面是为了和丈夫共同承担经济重担，一方面反映了女性感到需要有可衡量的个人价值。111.Justashonorisaprerequisiteforrespectability,soisunblemishedcharacterabarometerofintegrity.正如声誉是可敬的前提条件,无暇疵的品格是正直的晴雨表。112.Beautyisintheeyeofthebeholderandthesameistrueforboththeappreciationofartandmusic.美在观察者的眼中，美术和音乐的欣赏也是如此。127.Improvingtheplightofteachersisindeedapriorityitem.However;improvingtheoveralleducationsystemislikewisenolessimportant.改善教师的困难处境的确是优先处理的ー件事情。但是,改进整个教育系统同等重要。128.ChinaandUnitedStatessharemanythingsincommon.Firstly,botharemajorworldpowers.Secondly,thetwonationsoffermutuallybeneficialfactorsfordevelopment—Chinawithitsvastpotentialmarketandlaborforce,andtheU.S.withitsadvancedtechnologyandmanagementexpertise.中国和美国有许多共同之处。首先，两个都是世界主要强国。第二,两个国家相互提供发展的有利因素——中国拥有巨大的潜在市场和劳动カ,美国拥有先进的技术和专业的管理知识。129.TheshakytruceintheMiddleEastbearslittleresemblancetotherealizationofultimatepeace.中东不可靠的休战与最终实现和平的相似性很小。130.Idlenessspawnsdiscontent,whereasoverworkleadstomentalandphysicalexhaustion.懒惰滋生不满,而过度工作导致精神和身体的疲劳。131.Largeandsmallenterprisesdifferinthattheformerusuallyinvolvesconglomeratesandthelatterprivateindividuals.大企业和小企业的区别在于前者通常涉及联合大企业，后者涉及私营的个人。132.Bothautomobilesandbicyclesofferaconvenientmeansofpublicconveyance,withoneofthemarkeddifferencesbetweenthetwocenteredonpollutioncausedbytheformer.汽车和自行车都提供公共运输的便利方式,两者的显著区别之一在于前者引起污染。133.Alcoholandtobaccoarebothhighlyaddictivesubstances.However,unliketobacco,whichis

244knowntocausecancer;studiesindicatethatalcoholdoesoffersomehealthbenefitswhenconsumedinmoderation.酒和烟都是很容易上瘾的东西。但是,研究显示,与公认为引起癌症的烟不同,酒如果适量饮用确实对健康有益。127.Oneman'streasureisanotherman'sjunk.ー个人的宝贝对于另ー个人来说是垃圾。128.AIDSisnolongeroneoftheTop10Americankillers,butthesamecannotbesaidformanycountries.艾滋病不再是美国的十大杀手之一,但许多国家的情况并非如此。129.Individualismwasunheardofashort30-oddyearsagoduringthetumultuousCulturalRevolution.Thingshavechangedtoday,however;withcolorreturningtothestreetsofChinesestreets,peoplegainingagreaterdegreeofself-determinationandreformyieldingmonumentalchangesintraditionalpractices.人们在三十多年前混乱的文化大革命时期没有听说过个人主义。然而,今天的情况不同了，中国的街道上又恢更了色彩，人们获得了更大的自主,改革带来了传统方式的巨变。130.Socialinequitiesofthepastarerapidlygivingwaytoexpandedsocialconsciousness.过去社会的不公平正在被扩大的社会觉悟迅速取代。131.Manyclaimthattheworld'shighlydevelopedcountriesbearsoleresponsibilityfortheplightofless-developednations.Iseriouslydoubttheircontentionswillbearthebruntofclosescrutiny.许多人声称世界上最发达的国家应该对欠发达国家的困境承担全权责任。我非常怀疑他们的观点能经受住仔细审查的冲击。140.Thepopularbeliefintheinvincibilityofmanisconstantlyrebukedbyrevaluationsofman'sfallibility.认为人类无敌的普遍看法经常遭到重新评价人类易犯错误的特点的非难。141.Whiletheinclinationtoprocrastinateiscommon,onemustfullyconsiderthedetrimentalimpactofunnecessarydelays.虽然拖延的倾向是普遍的，但是人们应该充分考虑到不必要的延误造成的有害影响。142.Thetendencytotakethingsforgrantedisunderstandable,buttheneedforonetorationallyevaluatethecircumstancesofanysituationisabsolutelyessential.想当然的倾向是可以理解的,但是,理智地估计任何情形的情况是完全必需的。143.Mostpeopleareundertheillusionthatacollegedegreeguaranteessuccess.Thereisnosuchguaranteewithouthardwork.许多人错误地认为大学学位能保证成功。不努力工作就没有这样的保证。144.Somestubbornlyholdtothecorrectnessoftraditionalpractices,butinsodoingtheyseemtototallyignorethefactthatprogressdependsonchange.ー些人固执地坚持传统做法的正确性,但是,他们这么做,似乎完全忽视了进步依靠变化的事实。145.Generallyspeaking,previousparliamentarypolicydebatesignoredtherelevanceoftransparency.总的来说,以前议会中针对政策的辩论忽视了透明度的重要性。

245140.Aprecisedefinitionofpovertyisactuallyverydifficulttodetermine.Wheredoesonedrawthelinebetweenthosewhoarepoorandthosewhoarenot?对贫困的精确定义实际上是很难的。如何在贫穷和非贫穷的人之间划一条界限呢?141.Admittedly,briberyandcorruptionareendemictoourpoliticalandeconomicsystems,butitdoesn'tnecessarilyfollowthatallpoliticiansandbusinesspeopleresorttoillicitbehavior.诚然,贿赂和腐败在我们的政治和经济系统中很流行,但这并不是说所有的政府官员和商界人士都采取违法行为。142.There'slittledoubtthatathirdWorldWarisavoidable,butitishighlyunlikely143.Somepeopleassumethatinvestinginstockisasafepursuit,buttheirassumptionfailstoholdwaterwhenconsideringthesubstantialriskinvolved.有的人想当然地认为投资股票是有把握的事情,但是,考虑到涉及的巨大风险,他们的想当然就说不通了。144.Somepeoplehavecalledforacceleratedacross-the-boardchanges.Theirapproachquitefranklyignorestheneedforgradualbuteffectivechanges.ー些人要求更快速的全盘改变。他们的做法的确忽略了渐进而有效的改变的必要性。145.Thereisundoubtedlyanelementoftruthinassertionsthatcapitalpunishmentisnecessary,butproponentsseemtoignorethefactthatthepracticehasfailedtodeterheinouscrimes.毫无疑问,主张极刑的必要性有正确的成分,但是,支持者似乎忽略了这种做法不能阻止令人发指的罪行这一事实。146.Manypeopleassumethattheextinctionofaplantoranimalspeciesisoflittleconsequence.Carefulexamination,however;revealsthattheextinctionofanyonespeciesdisruptsthefoodchain,andthelossofaplantspeciesleadstothedisappearanceofakeyingredientthatmightyieldacureforcancer.许多人想当然地认为ー种植物或动物的灭绝产生的后果很小。然而,仔细的考察揭示出任何ー个物种的灭绝会破坏食物链,ー种植物的消失造成有可能生成治疗癌症的药物的关键成分的缺失。147.Atfirstglance,thecharacteristicsofBugsBunnyseemcomical.However,acloserexaminationrevealsthecartooncharacternevercreatesaproblem,andinsteadsimplyhopesforquietandpeacefullife.Thissuggeststhatcartoonsmostoftenteachchildrenthedifferencebetweengoodandevil.乍一看,流氓兔的性格似乎滑稽。然而,仔细观察发现这个卡通人物从不制造麻烦,相反,它只希望过安静平和的生活。这说明卡通在大多数情况下教授给儿童好与坏之间的区别。148.Logically,callsforaNewWorldOrdersoundvalid,andIwhole-heartedlyagreewithsomepoints,buttheabsurdityariseswhenconsideringthattheworld's200-oddnationshavediverseagendaswhenitcomestodevelopmentanddiplomacy.从逻辑而言,要求形成新的世界秩序听似正确,而且我真心实意地同意ー些观点,但是,考虑到世界上二百余个国家在发展和外交上有不同的议事日程,这种要求就显得荒谬了。149.Inspiteofclaimstothecontrary,itiscommonknowledgethatcorporalpunishmentmostoftenhastheexactoppositeaffectintended.尽管有相反的主张,但是大家都知道体罚在多数情况下产生适得其反的效果。157.Somepeopletendtotenaciouslyclingtothemisguidedconceptofracialsuperiority.Theirpersistenceindoingso,however;doesreadilyrevealtheinferiormentalityandsocialincompatibilityofcertainhuman

246beings.ー些人顽强地坚持种族优越性的错误观点。然而,他们坚持这样做正揭示了某些人自卑的心理和社会对立性。157.SomepeopleclaimtheefficacyoftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)farexceedsthatofWestern-stylepharmaceuticals.Moreoftenthannot,however,theexactoppositeistrue.有的人声称中药的功效远远好于西药。但是,通常情况下,事实正好相反。158.Workerscommonlycomplainthatcausesforlabordisputesrestsolelyontheshouldersofmanagement.Quitelikelytheoppositeistrue.工人经常抱怨劳资纠纷的责任完全在管理者的肩上。很可能正好相反。159.Therearethosewhoclaimthatcompetitionbringsoutthebestinpeople.Otherscontenditsimplyforcesonepersontoprovehe/sheisbetterthananother.Advocatesvociferouslysupportonepositionortheother.Isuggesttheformerpropositionbearsgreaterrelevancethanthelatter.有些人认为竞争促使人们发挥出最优秀的东西。另ー些人认为它只是强迫ー个人证明他/她比别人更优秀。提倡者叫嚣着支持其中的一个立场。我认为前ー个立场比后一个立场更恰当。160.Claimingsomethingistruemissesthepoint,whilepresentingverifiablefactprovesitscorrectness.声称某样东西是正确的没有什么意义,而提出可以证实的事实能证明它的正确性。161.Suggestingthatonething...isbetterthananotherthing...bearsnomoresignificancethaninsinuatingthatblackisbetterthanwhite.暗示一件东西比另一件东西更好比旁敲侧击地说黑比白好并没有更大的意义。162.Ignoringcauseandeffectisexactlythesamethingasfailingtolookbothwayswhencrossingabusyintersection.忽略因果就相当于横穿繁忙的十字路口时没有朝两边看。163.Onewhoadvocatestherightsofhomosexualsshouldnotbesurprisedbythebelligerentstanceofoppositionforces.主张同性恋者的权利的人对反对力量的好战姿态不应感到奇怪。164.Thegreatestproblemwithpoliticalandreligiouszealotsistheirtotalinabilitytoconsidertheviewsofothers.政治和宗教狂热者的最大问题在于他们完全不能考虑别人的观点。165.Thebasicstumblingblocktoglobalpeacerestswiththeself-servingambitionsofmanynations.全世界和平的基本障碍物在于许多国家谋私利的野心。166.Theoveremphasisononeparticularaspectofaproblemoftenobscurestherelevanceofotherissues.过分强调问题的,个方面经常掩盖了其他方面的相关性»167.Anypresumptionthatsmokingisinanywaybeneficialistotallypreposterous.任何对抽烟不管怎样是有益的假设都是完全荒谬的。

247157.Thefallaciesofmanyargumentsarequiteobvious.许多论证的推论错误是相当明显的。158.Arbitrarilydismissingthedirectlinkbetweenincreasingsexualpromiscuityandtherapidspreadofsexuallytransmitteddiseaseswouldbefoolhardy.Anevenmorefoolishmistakewouldcenterondenyingtheneedforextensivesexeducationprogramsworldwide.武断地无视性乱行为的增多和性传播疾病的迅速蔓延之间的直接联系是鲁莽的。ー个更愚蠢的错误是否认在世界范围内开展广泛的性教育项目的必要性。159.Thereisabsolutelynoreasonforustobelievethatabrighterfuturefortheworldisimpossibility.我们丝毫没有理由相信,世界不可能会有一个更光明的未来。160.Meteorologistsoffercomputermodelsleavinglittledoubtthatthisyear'sElNinophenomenonhasdisappeared.气象学家提供计算机模型,充分证明今年的厄尔尼诺现象已经消失了。161.FactsprovetheunjustifiabilityofclaimsthatChinawillbeunabletofeeditselfbytheyear2020.事实证明:断言中国到2020年将不可能养活自己是不合道理的。162.PreviousexplanationsoftherisingdivorcerateinChinaaresimplyuntenable.Thefactisthatmanymarriagesweresimplybasedonconvenienceandwivesarenolongerwillingtoaccepttheabusivedomineeringattitudesofhusbands.以前对中国离婚率升高的解释是完全站不住脚的。事实是许多婚姻仅仅建立在便利的基础上,而且妻子不再愿意接受丈夫作威作福的态度。163.ClaimthatenteringtheChinesemarketoffersforeigncompaniesanimmediateroadtoprofitsaregrosslymisstatedandhavebeenprovenwrongtimeandagain.ThekeytoenteringChinarestswiththephraseology"vastpotentialmarket",andhowlongoneiswillingtowaitforreturns.声称进入中国市场会给外国公司带来立即获利的途径是非常错误的,事实已经•次次地证明了这一点。进入中国的关键在于“广阔的潜在市场”这ー说法以及为了回报愿意等待多久。164.Parentsarenotwronginenforcinggoodstudyhabits,buttheymustnotdosoattheexpenseofstiflingnormalchilddevelopment.家长把好的学习习惯强加给孩子没有错,但是,他们这么做不能以抑制儿童的正常发展为代价。165.Itisquitereasonabletoassumethatmodernscienceandtechnology(S&T)willcontinuetoadvance.ItisnolessreasonabletobelievethatS&Twillradicallyimprovethewaywelive.However,thesamereasoningcannotbeappliedtoimprovingsocialinteraction.假定现代科学技术将继续进步是很有道理的。相信科技会大幅度地改变我们的生活方式也是同样有道理的。然而，同样的逻辑不能用于改善社会上的相互作用。166.Beliefinthewondersofmodernmedicalscienceisquiteunderstandable.Itisalsoquitepossiblethatourfaithintheabilityofscientiststofindthekeyforprolonginglifeiswellfounded.Yet,thewisdomofprolongingliferemainsinquestionwhenconsideringthealreadymassiveglobalpopulationandprojectedfuturegrowth.相信现代医学的奇迹是可以理解的。很有可能我们相信科学家能够找到延长生命的关键也是有根据的。但是，考虑到已

248经非常庞大的世界人口和预计的未来的增长,延长生命是否明智仍有疑问。157.Itisonethingtosupporteuthanasia,butquiteanothertoofferanyjustificationforgenocide.支持安乐死是一回事,为种族灭绝提供正当的理由是另一回事。158.Claimingtheneedforcensorshipisonething,butrationallyprovingitsredeemingvaluesrepresentsaquitedifferentissue.主张审查制度的必要性是一回事，理智地证明它的可取之处是完全不同的另一回事。159.ChancesarethatmanwilleventuallylandonMars.人类有可能最终登陆火星。160.ThelikelihoodforpeaceintheMiddleEastremainsquestionable.中东和平的可能性仍让人怀疑。161.Thenecessityfornuclearnonproliferationseemsclear.防止核扩散的必要性似乎清清楚楚。162.Itisperhapsmoreaccuratetoconsiderthefamilyasablanketofsecurity,ratherthanacloakofbondage.把家庭看作保护安全的毯子可能比把它看做束缚的斗篷更确切。163.Whilegeneralizationsaredangerous,itisquitesafetopresentsolidevidence.抽象概括是危险的,但是,提供确凿的证据是万无一失的。164.ItseemsalmostcertainthatChinawillachievethisyear'seconomicgrowthtargets.中国将完成今年经济增长的目标似乎是毫无疑问的。165.Reachingthisyear'sgrowthtargetsisalmostacertainty.达到今年的增长目标几乎是必然的。166.Theurgencyofthesituationmakesitnecessarytoreiteratethemonumentalproblemsofpopulationgrowth.情况的紧迫性使我们有必要重申人口增长的重大问题。167.Arecentstudyrevealedthesurprisingfactthatmanystudentspassexaminationsbyrelyingonnothingmorethanrotememorization.Itishorrifyingtothinkthatstudentsgraduatewithoutathoroughunderstandingofthesubjectmatter.最近的ー项研究显示了一个令人惊讶的事实:许多学生仅仅依靠死记硬背通过考试。想到学生对主题没有透彻地理解就毕业了是令人震惊的。168.Needlesstosay,advertisingsellsproducts.Wherewouldwebewithoutit?Shelveswouldbeempty,consumerswouldhavefewchoicesandproductsinformationwoulddisappear.毋庸讳言,广告推销产品。没有它,情况将会怎样?货架将空空如也,消费者的选择将减少,产品的信息将消失。169.Theplaintruthisthatpeoplearemostoftenself-centered.

249明显的事实是人经常是以自我为中心的。157.There'slittlewonderwhyyoungpeopleoftenfinditdifficulttofindanappropriaterolemodel.Nowonderstheydrink,smoke,fright,carouseandotherwiseengageininappropriatesocialbehavior.194.Thereisprobablyagreatdealoftruthintheassertionthatunscrupulousbrokersaresalivatingatthethoughtofunsophisticatedinvestorsenteringthesecuritiesmarket.断言不道徳的经纪人想到没有经验的投资者进入股票市场就垂涎三尺可能有一定的道理。195.There'slittledoubtthatChinahasspawnedanewgenerationof"LittleEmperorsM,butthetruthisthatthefaultrestswithparentswho"sparetherodtospoilthechild"andnotwithchildrenthemselves.毫无疑问,中国产生了新一代“小皇帝”,但事实是责任在于“闲了棍子,惯了孩子”的家长，而不是孩子自己。196.There'slittlejustificationforobjectionstosexeducation.Infact,evenaminimalintroductiontoconsequencesofsexualinteraction(thebird'sandbee's)mighthavedramaticallychangedthelivesofmanypeople.反对性教育几乎是没有道理的。实际上，最小限度的介绍性行为的后果(鸟和蜜蜂的)可能戏剧性地改变许多人的生活。197.Wecansafelysaythattheworldcontinuestoturnandthingshavechangeddramatically,butwecanneverclaimtheworldisasaferplace.我们可以稳妥地说世界在继续传动,情况发生了巨大的变化,但是,我们永远不能声称世界变得更加安全了。198.Wecansaythisandwecansaythat,butthemostimportantthingisnottosay,butinsteadtodo.我们可以说这说那,但最重要的事不是说,而是做。199.Dividedwefall,unitedweconquer.Thisdoesnotmeanthatconquestisthegoat,butinsteadthatunifiedeffortsyieldpositiveresults.分离就会垮台，团结就能征服。这不是说征服是目的，而是说团结一致的努力会产生积极的结果。200.Historicallyspeaking,ourancestorsplacedgreatemphasisonfilialpiety.历史上,我们的祖先很重视孝顺。201.Itdoesn'tfollowthatoneshouldabandonaworkableplansimplybecauseofminorsetbacks.Sodoingwouldquitefranklybefoolish.ー个人不能因为几个小挫折就放弃一个可行的计划。这样做的确很愚蠢。202.Onecorruptpoliticiandoesnotsuggestthatallpoliticiansarebad.Anysuchpresumptionistotallymisguided.有一个腐败的政府官员不能说明所有的政府官员都是坏的。这样的假设完全是被误导的。203.Don'tgettheideathatmoneygrowsontrees,orthatthere'ssuchathingasafreeride.不要以为钱长在树上,也不要以为有免费的午餐。204.Alongwithinterestinmusiccomesagreaterawarenessofculture.伴随着对音乐的兴趣的是对文化更清晰的认识。

250194.It'snotthatIdon'twanttoberichandfamous.ObviouslyIdo,butjusthaven'tasyetfoundthewaytogetthere.并不是我不想致富成名。我当然想,但是还没有找到致富成名的途径。195.Iftheclaimsoftheothersideprovetrue,wemaybeforcedtoalterourposition.如果对方的主张被证明是正确的,我们可能被迫要改变我们的立场。196.Theurgentneedfornuclearnonproliferationisundeniable.Moreover;failuretohaltthespreadofweaponsofmassdestructionincreasesthechancefornuclearholocaust.防止核扩散的紧迫性是不可否认的。此外,制止大规模杀伤性武器扩散的失败增加了核毁灭的可能性。197.Havingrecognizedtheproblem,itfollowsthatwemustdevelopaplanofaction.意识到了问题,接下去我们必须制定行动计划。198.Governmentshavereachedaconsensusontheneedforpeaceanditfollowsthatactionsspeaklouderthanwords.政府一致同意和平的必要性,接下去就是行动胜于语言了。199.Theconvincingproofthatsmokingcausescancerhasfailedtoconvincehundredsofmillionsofpeopletoabandonthevilehabit.抽烟致癌的有力证据没能说服数百万人改掉这ー恶习。200.Trafficlawsareoflittleuseifdriverssimplyignorethemandlawenforcementdepartmentsfailtoadopteffectiveenforcementprograms.如果司机完全无视交通法,法律实施部门不能采取有效的实施程序,交通法就没有一点儿作用。201.Agriculturalmodernizationcannotbeachievedunlessthegovernmentsubstantiallyincreasesfunding;farmersacceptadvancedagronomictechniques;andconsumersengagedinaconcertedefforttoreduceunnecessaryandexorbitantwaste.除非政府大幅度地增加投资;农民接受高级的农业技术;消费者共同努力减少不必要的过度的浪费，农业现代化就不能实现。202.Effectivefloodcontrolisnotonlynecessary,butisalsoessentialforprotectingthelivesofmillionsofChinesecitizens.有效地控制洪水不仅是必要的,而且对保护数百万中国公民的生命来说是必不可少的。203.Simpleexpressionsofindignationarenosubstituteformeaningfulactionstorightawrong.仅仅表示愤慨不能取代改正错误的有意义的行动。204.Evenmodestincreasesineducationallocationsarebetterthannone.甚至对教育拨款的适度增加都比不增加好。205.Theslightestmiscalculationsintrajectorycanspelldoomforasuccessfulspacemission.对轨道的细小的计算错误可以意味着对成功的太空任务的灭顶之灾。

251194.Anyonewithoneeyeandhalfsense(commonsense)knowsthatgoodprevailsoverevil.任何ー个有一只眼睛和一半判断力(常识)的人都知道邪不压正。195.Itisimpossibletoreachappropriateconclusionswithoutaccesstorelevantinformation.没仃相关的信息不可能得出相关的结论。196.Thefactremainsthattheconsequencesofdrugmisuseandabusecanbedevastatingupontheentirecommunity.实际情况仍然是误用和滥用药物的后果对整个社会都会是破坏性的。197.Respectisgivenwhererespectisdue.尊敬只给予值得尊敬的人。198.Itreallydoesn'tmatterwhetheracatisblackorwhite,butinsteadwhetherornotitcancatchthemouse.猫是黑是白真的不重要,重要的是它是不是能抓老鼠。199.Whatevertheoutcome,wemustresolutelyproceedwithourobjective.无论结果如何,我们必须坚定地继续为目标而努力。200.Howevergreatthewilltoachieve,andhowevergreatthedemandtosucceed,oneshouldneverabandonhis/hermoralandsocialconsciousness.无论成功的决心多么坚定,成功的要求多么强烈,ー个人永远不能丧失他/她的道德和社会觉悟。201.Howeverpressingtheneedandurgencyoftheproblemoneshouldnotproceedwithoutaplausibleplan.无论需要多么紧迫,问题多么紧急,ー个人不能没有看似有理的计划就开始行动。202.Risingcrimeisoftencitedasaprimeexampleofmountingsocialdecay.犯罪的上升经常被当作越来越严重的社会倒退的主要例子。203.BillGates,founderofMicrosoft,isaclassicexampleofsuccess.微软的创始人比尔•盖茨是成功的经典范例。204.Persistencepaysoff!AcaseinpointcentersontheongoingnegotiationsandanticipatedeminentresolutionoftheMiddleEastpeaceprocess.坚持不懈能取得好结果!ー个恰当的例子是正在进行的关于中东和平进程的谈判和预期达成的引人注目的决议。205.Theadvertisementisaperfectexampleofmisleadingcontentdesignedtofoolconsumers.广告是为愚弄消费者而设计的误导内容的很好的例子。206.ThelandforpeacedealrepresentsaconcreteagreementthatwillendconflictandbringstabilitytotheMiddleEast.达成和平协议的余地代表一个具体的协定,它将结束争端,给中东带来稳定。207.Weshouldgatheradditionalfactstosupportexistingevidenceandillustratethecorrectnessofthe

252contention.我们需要收集更多的事实支持现有的证据，并证明论点的正确性。194.Afewmoreexamplesshouldbeaddedtohighlightthealreadyfamiliarfacts.还需要增加几个例子强调L!经很熟悉的真相。195.WecanciteNelsonMandela'sexperienceasanexcellentexampleofovercomingadversity.我们可以把纳尔逊•曼德拉的经历作为克服困境的很好的例子。196.Historyaboundswithgreatmenworthyofadulationandemulation.历史上有很多值得称赞和效法的伟人。197.しforone,willsteadfastlyresistanyattemptstojustifyviolenceasameanstoan拿我来说,我会坚决抵制任何证明暴力是达到目的的ー种正当手段的企图。198.Takethe"GangofFour"asanexampleofagroupofzealotswhoattemptedtousurppowertoservetheirownpurposes.以“四人帮”为例，他们是一群企图篡权为自己的目的服务的狂热者。199.Racialcleansingservesasacaseinpointtoillustratethelengthssomepeoplewillgotoprovetheirsuperiority.种族清洗是恰当的例子，用来说明一些人为了证明他们的优越性而走了多远。200.Wecansafelyassumethattheindiscriminateactsofourgenerationwillhaveanadverseimpactonfuturegenerations.我们可以万无一失地想当然认为我们这ー代人任意的行为将给未来的人造成负面的影响。201.Recurringthemesarereadilydiscernibleintheannalsofhistory.There'slittledoubtthathistorydoes,infact,repeatitself.在历史纪录上完全可以找到重复的主题。实际上,毫无疑问，历史会重演。202.Numerousexamplesmightbecitedtosupportfallaciousclaims,buttheymostoftenlackarelevancetotheissueunderdiscussion.可能有很多例子支持错误的主张，但它们经常缺少和正在讨论的问题的相关性。1.0.1canthinkofnothingbetterthananicecoldbeeronahotsummerafternoon.在夏季炎热的下午,我想不出什么东西比ー杯冰凉可口的啤酒更好。241.Perhapsthere'snobetterexampleofhigh-levelcorruptionthanthecaseofformerBeijingMayorChenXitong.也许没有比前北京市市长陈希同更好的高层腐败的例子。242.Theairlinercrashisseenasmerelythetipofaniceberg.这次飞机坠落被看作仅仅是冰山一角（只是其中的ー个例子）。243.Theimportanceofexercisetogoodhealthisonlyoneexampleofaspectsoflifepeoplemostoften

253takeforgranted.锻炼对健康的重要性只是生活中人们想当然的事情的ー个例子。241.Justimaginehowgreatthewordwouldbeifwewouldonlyexhibitgreaterconcernforourfellowman.想象一下如果我们稍微多关心一下我们的同胞,世界将变得多美好。242.Supposewe'reonashipthathitsaniceberg.Doweflipacointoseewhogetstheseatonthelifeboat,ordoweresorttoviolencetoensureourself-preservation?假设我们在一艘撞到冰山的船上。我们会抛硬币决定谁上救生船,还是会诉诸暴力以求得自保。243.Let'sjustassumethatwe'vebeenlifelongfriendsandwhileyouhavefood,Ihavenone.Wouldyoushareyourgoodfortunewithme,orwouldyouletmestarve?假设我们是一生的朋友,你有食物,而我没有。你会和我分享食物还是会让我饿死?244.Justthinkofwhatwouldhappenifonenuclearpowerlaunchedapreemptiveonanother.试想一下ー个核大国先发制人会出现什么情况。245.Therearemanyavenuestoexplorebeforewereachafinaldecision.在我们做出最后决定之前有很多可以探索的途径。246.Itisraretofindapersonwillingtototallyabandonthecomfortsoflifesimplytohelpothers.ー个人仅仅为了帮助别人而愿意完全放弃生活的舒适是很罕见的。247.Weshouldpointoutthattheevidenceispurelycircumstantial.我们应该指出,证据完全是依情况而定的。248.Wemustadmitthattheoverwhelmingvolumeofindisputablecircumstantialevidencefaroutweighedthepresumptionofinnocence.我们必须承认,大量无可辩驳的详尽的证据远远压倒了关于清白的假设。249.Wehavetoacceptthefactsnomatterhowastonishingtheymightsound.无论它们听上去多么让人诧异,我们都必须接受这些事实。250.Wemustpointoutthatfeigningignoranceoftheplightofpoverty-strickenpeopleissimplyanirresponsibleactonthepartofignorance.我们必须指出,假装不知道穷人的困境完全是出于无知的不负责任的表现。251.Theapparentsuccessofthissummer'sfloodcontroleffortdoesn'talterthefactamassiveeffortwillberequiredtocompletethereconstructionprogram.今年夏天的洪水控制取得了明显的胜利,这并不能改变需要付出巨大的努力来完成重建工作这ー事实。252.SomepeoplecriticizetheUnitedNationsforgrossfinancialmismanagement,buttheiraccusationsfailtodetractfromthefactthatthegreatestportionoftheorganization's1997budgetwentforhumanitarianassistanceprograms.

254有的人批评联合国对总体财政管理不善,但这ー组织!997年最大的・部分预算用于人道主义援助,这些人的指控无法从这一事实中得出。241.ThecontinuingwantonlossoflifeprovidesamplejustificationforNATOinterventioninKosovo.大量生命的不断丧失为北约干涉科索沃提供了充足的理由。242.Ampleevidenceexiststoprovethathereditaryfactorscontributetoalcoholism.存在丰富的证据证明遗传因素是酗酒的部分原因。243.ThereiseveryreasontobelievethatChina'sresumptionofsovereigntyoverMacaoin1999willproceedsmoothly.完全有理由相信1999年中国对澳门恢复行使主权将进展顺利。244.ThereisstrongevidencetoshowthattheholeintheOzoneLayerisexpandingatanalarmingrate.有确凿的证据显示臭氧层上的空洞正在以惊人的速度扩大。245.AllreliableinformationpointstothefactthattheY2KVirus(MillenniumBug)willcreatehavocwithcomputersystemsworldwideattheturnofthecentury.所有可靠的证据表明,2000年病毒(千年虫)在世纪之交的时候会造成全世界计算机系统的混乱。246.Statisticalevidencelendssupporttotheviewthatamassiveinfluxoffundingisneededtostrengthencrimepreventionprograms.统计数据证明加强防止犯罪的工作需要大量资金投入。247.Personalexperiencehastaughtthatkindnesstootherspaysuntolddividends.个人经验告诉我:和善地对待别人会得到数不清的好处。248.Casehistoriesshowthatallnationsfacerecurringperiodsofeconomicfluctuations.249.Personalexperienceleadsmetoconcludethatallpeopleneedtotaketimetosmelltheroses(evaluateandappreciatethemanygoodthingstheyhaveintheirlives).个大经验使我得出这样的结论:所有大都需要有时间放松(评价并欣赏他们生活中许多美好的事物)。250.Recentstudiesconductedbydoctorsshowthatexcessiveexposuretothesun'srayscausesskincancer.最近医生所做的研究表明:过度暴露在阳光下会致癌。251.Nationwidesurveysconductedin1997revealedadramaticriseintheownershipoftelevisionsets,refrigerators,airconditionersandwashingmachines.1997年所做的全国范围内的调查显示电视机、电冰箱、空调和洗衣机拥有量大幅升高。252.Historytellsusthatmankindhasatendencytorepeatpastmistakes.历史告诉我们人类有重蹈覆辙的趋势。253.Wehaveamassedampleobjectiveprooftoshowtheurgentneedforcrisisinterventioninsuspectedchildabusecases.

255我们已经积累了充足的客观证据证明急需干涉可疑的虐待儿童的案件。241.Unfortunately,availableevidencefailstoestablishanydirectlinkbetweensmokingandcancer.不幸的是,现有的证据不能证明抽烟和癌症之间有直接的联系。242.Fortunately,mountainsofreliableevidenceprovethedirectlinkbetweensmokingandcancerbeyondanyshadowofthedoubt.庆幸的是,大量可靠的证据证明抽烟和癌症有直接联系是毫无疑问的。243.Televisionviolencehascontributeddirectlytorisingcrime,asevidencedbystatisticsshowingadramaticriseincopycatcrimes.数据显示模仿的犯罪行为有大幅度的增加,这证明电视暴力是犯罪增加的一部分直接原因。244.Theintroductionofadvancedagronomictechniqueshascontributedgreatlytothedevelopmentofagriculture,asindicatedbystatisticsshowingincreasedoutputineachofthepastfiveyears.数据显示在过去的五年中,每一年的产量都有提高,这表明发达的农业技术的引入对农业发展起到了很大的作用。245.Whileitmayappearthatthegapbetweenrichandpoorpeopleisnarrowingsomewhat,recentlyreleasedevidencesuggeststhattheoppositeistrue.贫富之间的差距看似有一定的缩小,但是最近发布的证据表明事实正好相反。246.Whileattainingworldpeaceremainswithintherealmofpossibility,theprevailingtrendrevolvesaroundregionalconflictsandinternalstrifeinmanycountries.获得世界和平是有可能的,但是普遍的趋势是存在地区冲突和许多国家内部的斗争。247.Althoughstatisticsarequiteoftenfarlessreliablethanonemightwish,otherreliableinformationallowsonetocloselyapproximateindustrialoutputfigures.尽管数据经常比人们希望的不可靠得多,但是,其他可靠的信息使人们能得到接近工业产量的数字。248.Althoughrandomsamplingusedformanysurveysfailstocoverlargesegmentsofthepopulation,theprocedurenonethelessoffersinsightintovotingandconsumptionpatterns.虽然许多调查所用的随机取样不能覆盖大部分人口，但是这ー过程使人们能更深刻地理解选举和消费的模式。249.Theneedformoregovernmentserviceshasprovedtobethecasetimeandagain.事实多次证明需要更多的政府服务工作。250.Thefunnythingaboutmarriageisthatthenewnesssoonwearsoff.婚姻的一个可笑之处是新鲜感马上就没有了。251.Thereareinstanceswhenonemustabandonthetendencyforself-preventioninordertoassistapersoningravedanger.存在这样的情况:为了帮助处于严重危险中的人,ー个人必需抛弃自保的倾向。252.Therearesituationsinwhichit'shighlyadvisableforapersontocontrolhis/hertemperandkeep

256his/hermouthshut.有些情况下,ー个人控制住自己的脾气并保持沉默是明智的。241.GonearethedayswhenChinesepeoplecouldexpectcradletodeathsupportfromthegovernment.中国人可以指望政府提供从出生到死亡的资助的口子己经不复存在了。242.Thedayswhenonecouldsafelywalkcitystreetsatnightaregone.一ー个人可以在夜里安全地走在城市街道上的日子已经过去了。243.China'spopulationalmostdoubledto1.2billionpeopleduringthe1955-1995,accordingtotheNationalCensusBureau.根据全国人口普查局的数据,中国人口在1955年至1995年期间几乎翻了一番,增加到12亿。244.AreportbytheDepartmentofEducationestimatesthatthestudent-teacherratioinChinaisfourtimeshigherthanintheUnitedStates.教育部的一份报告估计中国的学生和老师的比例比美国高四倍。245.OfficialfiguresreleasedbytheMinistryofTransportationshowthatmotorvehiclefatalitieshavemorethantripledsince1995.交通部公布的官方数据表明机动车死亡事故从1995年起已经翻了两番多。246.WomenaccountedforlessthantwopercentofthetotalnumberofdeputiestotheNationalPeople'sCongressin1990,comparedwithalmost12percentin1998.1990年,全国人民代表大会的妇女代表所占比例不到总人数的2%,1998年大约是12%。247.Some140majorstate-ownedcompanieshaveeitherdeclaredbankruptcyorenteredintomergersduring1998,upawhopping75percentonthetotalnumberforthe10-yearperiodbetween1985-1995.1998年,已经有大约140个大的国有公司宣布破产或被兼并,与1985年到1995年这十年间的总数相比超出75%〇248.China'silliteracyratehasdroppedbysome60percentoverthepastfewyears,butnonethelessremainsatoneofthehighestlevelsforanydevelopingnation.在过去的几年中,中国的文盲率下降了约60%,但仍是发展中国家中较高的。290.Itisessentialtoexamineeveryangleinordertofullyunderstandthenatureofaperplexingproblem.为了全面理解ー个复杂问题的本质,必须从每个角度进行考査。291.Wemustengageinthoroughdiscussionsinordertogainabettersenseofthemostappropriateandeffectivewaytoproceedwiththeproject.我们必须进行充分的讨论,以便更好地理解继续实施计划最合适和有效的途径。292.Wemustdevelopafoolproofargumentinordertoeffectivelyillustratetheurgencyofimplementstringentenvironmentalprotectionmeasures.为了有力地证明贯彻严格的环境保护措施的紧迫性,我们必须进行简单明了的论证。

257290.AcomparativeanalysisofthepositiveandnegativeaspectsoftheThreeGorgesProjectwillperhapsprovideuswithabettersenseoftheeventualimpactofthemassivewatercontrolprogram.三峡工程利弊的对比分析可能会使我们更清楚地认识这ー庞大的治水工程的最终影响。291.Incompatibilityprovidesonlyapartialexplanationfortherisingdivorcerate.Perhapsthemostsignificantfactorscenteronabuse,theimmaturityofonespouseortheother;andquitesimplythelackofthingsincommon.不能和谐相处只是不断升高的离婚率的部分原因。最重要的因素可能是某一方的陋习和不成熟,以及仅仅因为缺乏共同的东西。292.Thesuccessofacompanyisdirectlyrelatedtothecompetencyofitsmanagers.ー个公司的成功与它的管理人员的能力直接相关。293.Mentaldisorientationisbutoneofthemanyeffectsofalcoholconsumption.Anotherisanti-socialbehavior;andstillanotherisphysicaldeterioration.精神上的迷惑只是喝酒的众多后果之一,另ー后果是反社会的行为,还有体质下降。294.Apartfromprovidingsheerenjoyment,musicprovidesonewiththeopportunitytoescapethedailypressuresoflifeandenteranaestheticworldofsensualpleasure.音乐除了带来纯粹的享受,还提供机会逃避日常生活的压カ,进入ー个感官享受的审美世界。295.InspiteofthecostsinvolvedspaceexplorationisabsolutelynecessarytosolvethepuzzlesoftheUniverse.尽管太空探索代价很高,但它对于揭开宇宙之谜来说是完全需要的。296.Ontheonehand,technologicaladvancesyieldbeneficialresults,whileontheothertheycreateproblemsthatthreatenourveryexistence.一方面,技术进步产生有益的结果,但另一方面,也制造了危及我们生存的问题。297.Thereareothersocialfactorsworthseriousconsiderationsinevaluatingthosespecialbehaviors.专项训练之改错名词,形容词,副词的误用一.名词的误用在短文改错题中常考名词的数的误用。可数名词大多数都有单数和复数两种形式,复数形式分为规则的和不规则的。1.规则名词⑴大多数名词的复数形式直接在名词后加一s,以。,s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词,在词尾加一es（但有些以〇结尾的名词只加-s即可,例如kilo-kilos,piano-pianos,bamboo-bamboos）2.不规则名词man-men,foot-feet,mouse-mice,etc.3.单复数同型的名词Chinese,Japanese,aircraft,sheep,deer,means,series,species.4.合成名词的复数形式

258将其中包含的主体名词变复数,如sister-in-law:sisters-in-law;passer-by:passers-by.中间没有连字符的合成词变复数通常把最后一个词变为复数,如bookshelf:bookshelves由man,woman构成的复合名词变为复数时，两个词通常都要变成复数，如womandoctorwomendoctors;manservant-menservants.1.单数形式表示复数意义的词cattle,herd,police,people6,常以复数形式出现的词trousers,scissors,glasses,jeans,surroundings,arms,thanks,memoirs,movies,news7,含有特殊意义的名词复数形式papers,goods,times,customs,manners,works,profits二.形容词和副词的误用在短文改错中,此类误用即该用形容词的地方用了副词,该用副词的地方用了形容词。要避免这种错误的发生则须记清词性,学会分析句中的修饰部分和被修饰部分为何种词性。例:Themealsmellsbadly.-Themealsmellsbad.Hisworkishighthoughtofbythecritics.-Hisworkishighlythoughtofbythecritics.Exercise1.Thegovernmentalsoaffectsthekindofworkspeopledo.2.Ifseemsthattheprogressesofmanincludesarisingvolumeofnoise.3.Hesaysweliveinathrowawaysociety;inotherword,wasteisbuildingup,andwereallyneedtofindawaytosolvethis.4.Eventhequietofourcarefulprotectedwildernessareascanbeinvadedatanymomentbyapassingjet.5.Youcanalsobuythoseenvironmentalresponsibleproducts-trytouseproductsthatdonotcontainchemicalsthatcandoharmtotheenvironment.Keys:1.works改为work,works是复数形式,表示著作,work单数形式表示工作。根据句意,应该用工作这种意思,应用单数。2.progresses改为progress〇在句中是泛指的进步,应该用单数。3.word改为words.固定用法,inotherwords,换句话说。4.careful改为carefully,后面的protected是形容词，要用副词carefully.5.environmental改为environmentally.后面的responsible是形容词，需要副词修饰。代词的误用1.指代错误代词的主要功能是指代前面已经出现过的名词,词组,因此代词的出现必须与前面所指代的内容相一致,否则就出现了指代不明的现象。例如:Thewidespreaduseofsuchelectricalappliancesmeansthatthereisaneedforservicementokeepitrunningproperly.it应改为them2.关系代词的误用这类错误主要发生在定语从句中,主要是that与what,which与as,who的误用等,特别要注意的是what的用法,that引导的主语从句及同位语从句的用法,以及介词加which引导的非限定性定语从句的用法。例如:Inthe18thcentury,farmworkandlifewerenotmuchchangedfromthattheyhadbeeninolddays.that应改为whatJimwascleverandwillingtohelpothers,forwhathewasoftenpraisedbyotherpeople.what改为which3.形式代词it与this,that的误用

259当it作形式主语或形式宾语时,常误用this,that等代词。例如:HewillfindthisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.this改为itExercise：1.Theonlythingwhichmattersistogetoutoftheburninghouse.2.Hetriedtostandonhishandsfortwentyminutes,thatisratheradifficultthingtodo.3.IdreamedofthehousewhichIwasbornandbroughtup.4.Wearegoingtomeetalotofdifficultiesinthenearfuture,butIbelievewewillovercomeit.5.SheistheonlyonewhomIbelieveisreallyinterestedinphysics.6.Theanimalbodymustbeprovidedwithfuel,itiscalledfood,andwhichfurnishedtheenergyoftheanimal.7.Moneydoesnotnecessarilymeanhappiness,becausepeoplecouldnotbuylovewithmoneyandmayfeelunhappywithoutit.8.Itisoneofhispeculiaritiesthatnoincidenteverhappenstohimthatwithoutteachinghimsomevaluablelesson.9.Mychildrenattendedasmallelementaryschooltothattheyhadtowalkeverydaypossiblyforafewmiles.10.Consideringthegreatneedforimprovingmanyaspectsoftheglobalenvironment,oneissurelyjustifiedinhisconcernforthemoneyandresourcesthattheyarepouredintothespaceexplorationefforts.Keys:1.which改为that在限定性定语从句中,如果先行词是all或者不定代词,或者有all,none,little,few,much,only等词语,形容词的最高级形式或序数词作修饰语时,用that而不用which.2.that改为which在非限定性定语从句中,只能用which,who(m)和whose,而不能用that.3.在which之前加inWhich和that都可以在从句中作介词的宾语,但只有which可以紧跟在介词后面。4.it改为them代词it的误用。此句中被指代部分是复数名词difficulties,因此要使用人称代词的复数形式。5.whom改为whowhom是宾格形式,不能作主语。在本句中Ibelieve是插入成分,whoisreallyinterestedinphysics是修饰one的定语从句,who在其中充当主语。6.去掉andIt的误用与关系代词的误用。山句子结构入手,由于and不能连接独立句和从句,因为应改为which引导非限定性定语从句,和后面的定语从句并列,修饰fuel.7.it改为love指代错误。此句中it既可以指代money,也可以指代love,造成歧义。改正该错误的关键是要理清句子的逻辑结构。8.划掉happenstohim后的thatit作形式主语,第一个that引导了一个主语从句,第二个that后的介词短语可以直接作状语,没有必要使用连接词。9.that改为which介词后表示事物的关系代词要用which而不能用thato10.将they删掉that在句中引导定语从句,并充当从句的主语,指代money和resources.冠词的误用

260Exercise:1.DoctorBrundtland,headoftheWHO,saysanumberofleprosycasesaroundtheworldhasbeencutofninetypercentduringthepasttenyears.2.Instead,patientscantakethatiscalledamulti-drugtherapy.3.Thefast-growingpopulation'sdemandforfood,hewarned,wouldsoonexceedtheirsupply,leadingtowidespreadfoodshortagesandstarvation.4.Washingmachinesdojobsthatwereoncedonebythehand.5.Thistendencyoftechnologytomakeworkerssuperfluousbutatsametimeallowingtheirnumberstogrowsolargeisdecreasingpsychologicaltensions.6.Anideathatlearningaforeignlanguageishardworkisrealizedbyeverystudent.7.AattackonIraqisexpectedtoseethefirstuseofhigh-powermicrowaveweapons.8.Mysonworksinthetown.9.Theteacherandwriterareinthedrawing-room.10.Heslappedherinherface.Keys:1.anumberof中的a改为theanumberof表示很多,大量的,而句中要表示的是患麻风病的数量在过去10年里减少了90%,thenumberof表示的是“。。。的数量”,所以用thenumberof.2.that改为what从句中差主语3.their改为its4.去掉bythehand中的thebyhand:“手工”5.在atsametime中at后加上the6.an改为the7.A改为An8.去掉the固定用法,短语intown,outoftown,gototown,downtown等中都没有冠词。9.are改为is或者把writer改为thewriter10.her改为the表示接触或打击身体某一部分时往往要用定冠词。e.g.:Hehitherontheeyes.Hepulledtheboybythehand.Hehasapaininthearm.介词的误用Exercise:1.WeshouldadaptourselveslivingintheSouth.2.Despiteforthesnow,shemanagedtogotowork.3.Tomwasblindofhisownfault.4.Thiscountryisrichatminerals.5.Heremindedmethetimeofthemeeting.6.Shewasdeafofhisrequesttodoherwork.7.Thesurgeonoperatedathimforappendicitis.8.Somefoolcrashedtomefrombehindatthetrafficlights.9.Risingfromtheseat,myhusbanddrankfrothehealthofhisparents.10.Thelittlegirljoinedwithusinsingingthesong.Keys:

2611.in改为to2.划掉for3.划掉ofblindof是固定短语,表示“瞎”,而句意应为“对...不察觉”4.at改为in5.在me和the之间加入of6.of改为todeaftosth,表示对某事听不进去7.at改成on8.to改为into9.for改为todrinkto,为什么干杯,固定用法10.with改为in连接词的误用1.Thoughsheisveryyoung,butsheknowsalotabouttheworld.2.Mylittlesisteristooyoungthatshecan'tdressherself.3.Idon'tknowifornotsheisateacher.4.Theplanehadnosoonerlandedwhenthepeoplerantowardit.5.WhileIgottothestation,Ifoundthebushadalreadyleft.6.Increasingly,overthepasttenyears,peoplehavebecomeawareoftheneedtochangetheireatinghabit,becausemuchofthefoodtheyeatisnotgoodfortheirhealth.However,therehasbeenagrowninterestinnaturalfoods:foodswhichdonotcontainchemicaladditivesandwhichhasnotbeenaffectedbychemicalfertilizerswidelyusedinfarmingtoday.7.Inthesamewaythatachildmustbeabletomovehisarmsandlegsbeforehecanlearntowalk,thechildmustphysiologicallybecapableofproducingandexperiencingparticularemotionsaftertheseemotionscanbemodifiedthroughlearning.8.Childhoodmaycertainlybefairlyhappy,anditsgreatestmomentscan'tcomparewiththesheerjoyofbeingandadult.Whohasaskedasix-year-oldforanopinion?Childrendon'thaveopinions,oriftheydo,nobodynotices.9.AttheheightoftheIceAge,between33,000and30,000B.C.,muchoftheworld'swaterwascontainedinvastcontinentalicesheets.Inaddition,theBeringSeawashundredsofmetersbelowitscurrentlevel,andalandbridge,knownasBeringia,emergedbetweenAsiaandNorthAmerica.10.Misersareoftenlonelyandobscuremenwhosewealthisrevealedonlyaftertheirdeath.JosephNollekens,moreover;wasapopularsculptorwithmanyfriendsandwasknowntopossessalargefortune.Yethelivedthelifeofapauper.Keys:1.去掉but2.too改为so3.if改为whether4.when改为than5.while改为when6.However改为Consequently7.after改为before8.and改为but9.inaddition改为asaresult10.moreover改为however反义词,形近词,义近词的误用1.Sincetherewereplentyofotherworkerstotakeherjob,shewaslikelytobehiredifaskedformoremoney.

2621.Bloodpressuredrugsdefinitelyhelpsomepeopleliveafteraheartattack;thereforethesesamedrugsmaybebothnecessaryandharmfulforthosewithonlymildbloodpressureproblems.2.Needlesstosay,thebiggertheriskaninsurancecompanytakes,thelowerthepremiumyouhavetopay.3.Manyofushaveformedonerealisticpictureoflifeonadesertisland.Lifethereissimpleandgood.Ripefruitfallsfromthetreesandyouneverneedtowork.Butinfactlifeonadesertislandistheopposite.4.Wealllovecheerfulcompanionbutwejustforgetthatcheerfulnessisahabitwhichcanbeformedbyall.Wefinditeasytobecheerfulwhenweareintrouble.Itrequiresgreatcourage.5.Heisforevertalkingaboutthefriendlypeople,thecleanatmosphereandtheclosenesstonatureinhishometown.Buthisstoryisonlyonepartofthepicture.HesayseverythingaboutthelongandfriendlesswintereveningsinfrontofTV-theonlyformofentertainment.6.Xi'an,capitalofShanxiprovince,willbesuppliedwithlesswaterthissummer.WaterfromtheShitouheRiver,140kilometerswestofXi'an,isplannedtoflowintothecityinnearlyJune,adding350,000tonsofwaterperdayforindustrialuse.7.Universitycostsaregoingdownalot:privateuniversitieshavebecomemoreexpensivebecausethegovernmentdoesnothelptheprivateschools.8.Practiceisthekeytosuccess.Achildlearnstowalkbypractice.Likewise,agreatathletepracticesuntilhecanplayquickly,accurately,withthinking.Educatorscallit“automaticity".9.Heisafoolwhocannotbeangry,buthe'sreallyanunwisemanwhowillnot.Thehabitofkeepingpleasantisindeedbetterthananincomeof1,000dollarsayears.Thelifewithoutcheerfulnessisliketheverycoldwinterwithoutthesun.Keys:1.likely改成unlikely或者hired改成fired2.necessary改成unnecessary.3.lower改为higher4.realistic改为unrealistic5.easy改为difficult或hard6.everything改成nothing7.less改成more8.down改成up9.with改成without10.unwise改为wise非谓语动词的误用1.Allthingshavingcanceledbecauseofthesnowstorm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain.2.Everythingtakingintoconsideration,yourpaperiswell-done.3.Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswimmingandplayingbasketball?4.Neverseeingbeforeinthiscity,thegiantpandaatoncebecamethecenterofattractioninthezoo.5.HefelthimselfI计tedandcarriedandthenputintoasleepingbag.6.WhatIregretmostwasherbeingillfortwoweeks.7.Shewasbornwithasilverspooninthemouthanditseemedthatshehadnothingtobeworriedabout.8.Iwasabletohavesomegoodrestathomewiththelecturetourcallingoffinthatuniversity.9.Inmyownopinionsomeoftheexistingrulesrequiretobeamended.10.Theymakeabigpointofthankingmeloudly.Thegirlambledout,smiledknowledgeablyateachother.Keys:

2631.将havingcanceled中加入been.2.将taking改为taken.3.将swimming和playing改为swim和play.4.将seeing改为seen.5.将lifted改为beinglifted.6.把beingill改为havingbeenill.7.将tobeworriedabout改成toworryabout.8.将callingoff改为calledoff.9.tobeamended改为amending.10.smiled改为smiling.时态,语态,语气的误用1.WhileIdidsomecooking,Iheardasharpscreamoutside.2.Iwouldhaveseenyouyesterday,butIhadbeenbusy.3.Customersareaskedtoensurethattheyhavegivencorrectchangebeforeleavingtheshop.4.Hardlywouldhearriveathisofficewhenhisphonecallscameinrapidsuccession.5.Wedesirethatthetourguidenotifiesusimmediatelyofanychangeinplans.6.Newfuelssuchaslead-freegasolineandalcoholhavebeenappearedonthemarket.7.Bytheendofnextmonth,wesurelywillbefindingasatisfactorysolutiontotheproblem.8.Itwasnotuntilherfatherhaspassedawaythatsherealizedhowwrongshehadbeen.9.IfIhadallowedtodothejobinmyownway,Iwouldhavefinisheditmuchearlier.10.There'ssomenoise,soinordertomakehimselfhearing,theteacherhastoraisehisvoicefromtimetotime.Keys:1.将did改为wasdoing2.将hadbeen改为was.3.在have和given之间加been4.将wouldhearrive改为hadhearrived5.将notifies改为notify6.去掉been7.把befinding改为havefound8.把has改成had9.在had后加been10.将hearing改为heard主谓一致的误用1.Thefurniturehavebeentransferredherefromtheoldhouse.2.Theaudiencearecomposedofhundredsofblack3.Thetrousersistooshortforhim.4.Toreadextensivelyandtowriteelegantlyisessentialdemandsforlanguagestudents.5.Oneachsideofthehighwaywashundredsbillboardsadvertisingeverythingfrommodernmotelstoroadsidestandsthatsellfruitandbedspreads.6.Transformingrawmaterialintousefulproductsarecalledmanufacturing.7.Therearemanyvaluableserviceswhichthepublicarewillingtopayforbutwhichdoesnot

264bringareturninmoneytothecompany.1.Georgeisoneofthegraduatestudentswhohasgottenapart-time.2.Mr.Sunistheonlyoneoftheteachersinourschoolwhoownacar.3.Notonlyherparentsbutalsoherboyfrienddon'tapproveherdecision.Keys:1.将have改成has2.将are改成is3.将is改成are4.将is改成are5.将was改成were6.将are改成is7.将does改为do8.将has改为have9.将own改为owns10.将don't改为doesn'tPartIVErrorCorrection(15minutes)Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmarkintherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutandputaslashintheblank.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.Untiltheverylatestmomentofhisexistence,manhasbeenboundtotheplanetonwhichheoriginatedandeveloped.Nowhehadthecapabilitytoleavethatplanetandmoveoutintotheuniversetothoseworldswhichhehasknownpreviouslyonlydirectly.Menhaveexploredpartsofthemoon,putspaceshipsinorbitaroundanotherplanetandpossiblywithinthedecadewilllandintoanotherplanetandexploreit.Canwebetooboldastosuggestthatwemaybeabletocolonizeotherplanetwithinthenot-too-distantfuture?Somehaveadvocatedsuchaprocedureasasolutiontothepopulationproblem:shiptheexcesspeopleofftothemoon.Butwemustkeepinheadthebillionsofdollarswemightspendincarryingouttheproject.Tomaintaintheearth'spopulationatitspresentlevel,wewouldhavetoblastoffintospace7,500peopleeveryhourofeverydayoftheyear.Whyarewespendingsolittlemoneyonspaceexploration?Considerthegreatneedforimprovingmanyaspectsoftheglobalenvironment,oneissurelyjustifiedinhisconcernforthemoneyandresourcesthattheyarepouredintothespaceexplorationefforts.Butperhapsweshouldlookatbothsidesofthecoinbeforearrivinghastyconclusion.Keys：1.had—has2.directly—indirectly3.into—on4.too—so5.planet—planets6.head—mind7.little—much8.consider—Considering9.去掉they

2651.arriving—arrivingatPartIVErrorCorrection(15minutes)Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmarkintherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutandputaslashintheblank.Suicidehasbeenacauseofconcerninmostsocietiesforalongtime.TheclassicalGreeks,forexample,requiredpeoplewhowantedtokillthemselvesgetpermissionfromthesenate.Whilethis1.lawisnotwithouthumorbytoday'sstandards,itclearlyshowsanawareoftheproblemintimesgoneby.Intoday/ssociety,,suicideis2.muchmoreprevalentbecausewewanttoadmit.Whydopeopletry3.themotivesforsuicidecanbecategorizedintoareassuchasfailure,wrath,theneedforattention,stress,andsoon.Therefore,4.thequalitiesofapersonwhowantstotakehisownlifevaries5.frompersontoperson,makingthisdifficulttodepictthetypical6.victim.Tomaketheproblemevenmoreinvolving,peoplewilloften7.hidetheirtruefeelings,thuscausedtheirfriendstodisregard8.problemsthatshouldbeviewedasserious.IntheUnitedStates,anetworkofcentershavebeencreatedto9.preventsuicides.Peoplewhoarebitter;worriedordepressedareencouragedtocontactworkersattheircenters.Theseworkers,oftentrainingvolunteers,offerbenevolentadvicetothecallers,tryto10.helpthecallerstoseethatsuicideasasolutiontoproblemsinanillusion.Keys:1.get后加上to2.aware-awareness3.because—than4.Therefore—However5.varies-vary6.this-it7.involving-involved8.caused-causing9.have-has10.training-trainedPartIVErrorCorrection(15minutes)Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmarkintherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutandputaslashintheblank.Professionalsallovertheworldhaveanewmeansofcommunication-e-mail.Itallowsthemtocommunicatewithpeoplewhosharetheirinterestsorproblems.Ane-mailertypeoutaletteronacomputer,thensendsitdirectto

2661.thereceiverfarawaythroughthelater'se-mailaddress,whichcaneither2.beanameoranumber.E-mailisveryswift.Liketheveryslowdelivery3.ofmailthroughthepostalservice,ae-mailercangetareplyalmostatonce.4.However;assuchmailmustbereceivedonacomputer;howsoonitcanreachthereceiverdependonhowoftenthereceiverchecksinhiscomputer.5.Theuseofe-mailisnotconfinedbyprofessionals.Itisnowusedamong6.familymembersanfriendsaswell.Sittingcomfortablyinthefrontoftheir7.computerscreens,e-mailers"talk"totheirfriendsorrelativeselsewhereeven8.iftheyweremeetingoveracoupleofcoffee.Ithelpsbringingfamiliesandfriendscloser.E-mailisalsomuchcheaperthanalong-distancecall.Atpresentpeoplerelysomuchonthetelephoneandtheyhavealmostabandonedwriting9.letters.Nowastheemergenceofe-mail,peopleareoncemoreawareofthe10.importanceofwriting.Keys:1.direct-directly2.later—latter3.Like—Unlikely4.a—an5.depend—depends6.by-to7.将the删掉8.将even改为as9.将and改为that10.将as改为withPartIVErrorCorrection(15minutes)Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Mark

267outthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmarkintherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutandputaslashintheblank.WhensomenineteenthcenturyNewYorkerssaid“Harlem",theymeantalmostallofManhattanaboveEighty-sixthStreet.Towardtheendofthecentury,however,agroupofcitizensinupperManhattan-wantperhaps,toshapeacloserandmoreprecisesenseofcommunity—designatedasectionthattheywishedtohaveknownasHarlem.ThechosenareawastheHarlemwhichBlacksweremovinginthefirstdecadesofthenewcenturyastheylefttheiroldsettlementsonthemiddleandlowerblocksoftheWestSide.AsthecommunitybecamepredominantlyBlack,theveryword"Harlem“seemedtoloseitsoldmeaning.Attimeitwaseasytoforgetthat"Harlem"wasoriginallytheDutchname“Harlem";thecommunityitdescribedhadbeenfoundedbypeoplefromHolland;andthatformostofitsthreecenturies-itwasfirstsettledinthesixteenhundreds—ithadbeenpreoccupiedbyWhiteNewYorkers.Z/Harlem"becamesynonymoustoBlacklifeandBlackstyleinManhattan.Blackslivingthereusedthewordasthoughtheyhadcoineditonthemselves—notonlytodesignatetheirareaofresidencebuttoexpresstheirsenseofthevariousqualitiesofitslifeandatmosphere.Astheyearspassed,/zHarlem"assertedanevenlargermeaning.InthewordsofAdamClaytonPowell,Sr.,thepastoroftheAbyssinianBaptistChurch,Harlem"becamethesymboloflibertyandthePromisedLandtoNegroeseverywhere**.By1919Harlem,spopulationhadgrownbyseveralthousand.IthadreceiveditsshareofwartimemigrationfromtheSouth,theCaribbeanandpartsofcolonialAfrica.SomeofthenewarrivalsmerelylivedforHarlem;itwasNewYorktheyhadoflifeinthecity.TootherswhomigratedtoHarlem,NewYorkwasmerelythecityinwhichtheyfoundthemselves:Harlemwasexactlywhattheywishedtobe.Keys:1.want—wanting2.Harlem和which中力口入to3.time—times4.将Harlem;thecommunity中力口入that5.preoccupied—occupied6.to-with7.删掉on1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.8.asserted—assumed9.for-in10.what-wherePartIVErrorCorrection(15minutes)Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmarkintherightplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutandputaslashintheblank.ThewhiteHousebegantobebuiltin1792,butitwasnotcompleteduntiltenyearslater.EveryAmericanpresidentlivedinitexceptforGeorgeWashington,althoughhedidhavea1.majoritypartindesigningit.2.Thegovernmentheldacompetitiontochoosethebest

268designforthepresident'shouse.Thewinterwasayoungmanof3.SouthCarolina,JamesHoban.Hisdesignwasathree-levelhouseofstone.AndPresidentWashingtonmadesomechangesinthewinningdesign.Hemadethehouselongandwider,and4.changeditintoatwo-storiedhouseinsteadofthree.Thesecondpresident,JohnAdams,wasfirsttoliveinthe5.WhiteHouse.Whenheandhiswifemovedontothenewhouse6.inNovember,1800,workwasstillgoingon,althoughthemainliveareawascompleted.Thewholeworkdidnotfinishuntilthe7.administrationofthe3rdpresident,ThomasJefferson.Twelveyearslater,theBritisharmyinvadedWashingtonandburnedtheWhiteHouse.ThefirecompletelydestroyedtheinsideofthebuildingandexpertssaidtheWhiteHousewasso8.dangeroustolivein.LateronworkersrebuilttheinsideoftheWhiteHouse.Moreofficeswereadded,mostofwhichunderground.9.Noneofthework,however,changedtheappearingofthebuilding.10.Manypeopleaskedwhythepresident'shouseiscalledtheWhiteHouse.Historianssayithasbeensocalledsimplybecauseitwaspaintedwhite.Keys:1.删掉for2.majority—major3.of—from4.long—longer5.was和first之间加the6.onto—into7.live—living8.so—too9.which和underground中加入were,或改which为them10.appearing—appearance.翻译练习1.1havehadgreatdealoftrouble.（跟得上班上的其他同学）2.（我们没有人料到主席会出现）attheparty.Wethoughthewasstillinhospital.3.Agoodmanyproposalswereraisedbythedelegates,（正如预料的那样）.4.Mostdoctorsrecognizethatmedicineisasmuch（是一门科学,也是ー门艺术）.5.Somewomen（本来能够挣ー份很好的エ资）inajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesaleofthefamily.6.Overathirdofthepopulationwasestimated（无法获得）tothehealthservice.7.Althoughpunctualhimself,theprofessorwasquiteused.（习惯了学生迟到）hislecture.8.Thepriceofbeer（从50美分至!）4美元不等）perliterduringthesummerseason.9.We'dlike（预订一张餐桌）fivefordinnerthisevening.10.There'samanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeans（想找麻烦）.24411.Itmaybenecessarytostop（每隔…时间）inthelearningprocessandgobacktothedifficultpointsinthelessons.12.Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe（伤害自己）.

26913Jeandidnothavetimetogototheconcertlastnightbecauseshewas（忙看准备）herexamination.14.Theship*sgeneratorbrokedownandthepumps（不得不用手・エ操作）insteadofmechanically.15.Whydidn'tyoutellmeyoucouldmethemoney?I（本来不必从银行借钱的）22116.BythetimeyougettoNewYork,I（已经动身去）London.17.Buyingclothes（是一件很耗时的工作），becausethoseclothesthatapersonlikesarerarelytheonesthatfithimorher.18.It'stime（采取措施）aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.19.WhenIwasveryyoung,Iwasterriblyfrightenedofschool,butIsoon（克月艮了这种心理）.20.Pleasedon'tstandinthekitchen,youkeepingupwiththerestoftheclass.re（挡路了）.19721.Therewasaknockatthedoor.Itwasthesecondtimesomeone（扌丁扰我）thatevening.22.（正是由于她太没有经验）thatshedoesnotknowhowtodealwiththesituation.23.WhenI（发现他骗我）Istoppedbuyingthinsthereandstarteddealingwithanothershop.24.Themanagerwouldratherhisdaughter（不在ー个办公室内工作）.25.ThesportsmeetoriginallyduetobeheldlastFriday（最终因天气不好而取消了）.17326.I（将在做实验）fromthreetofivethisafternoon.27.Howcloseparentsaretotheirchildren（有很强的影响）thecharacterofthechildren.28.Butforhishelp,I（我不可能这么早完成）.29.Hisremarksleftme（想知道他的真实目的）.30.Markoften（试图逃脱罚款）wheneverhebreakstrafficregulations.31.Ifthiscan'tbesettledreasonably,itmaybenecessaryto（诉助武力）.32.Theroomisinaterriblemess;it（肯定没打扫过）.33.Everybodyknowshe（受到了冤枉指控）.34.Hewearsapairofsunglasses（惟恐被别人认出来）.35.Sheneverdreamsof（被派到国外）.12436.Ifyouwon'tagreetoourplan,（他们也不会同意）.1.11shouldsayHenryis（与其说是个作家不如说是）asareporter.38.（信不信由你），hisdiscoveryhascreatedastirinscientificcircles.39.Ifyoudon'tliketoswim,you（不妨待在家里）.40.Pleasebecarefulwhenyouaredrinkingcoffeeincaseyou（弄脏了新地毯）.10041.Franklyspeaking,I'dratheryou（不采取任何措施）aboutitforthetimebeing.42.IntheChinesehousehold,grandparentsandotherrelatives（起着不可缺少的作用）inraisingchildren.43.Johnseemsaniceperson,（即使这样レIdon'ttrusthim.44.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialinte11igenee,（正在研制）andperfectednow.45.Whatalovelyparty!It'sworth（牢记ー生）.7646.Thoughyoustayintheseaforweeks,youwillnot（失去联系）theoutsideworld.

27038.Canceris（仅次于）heartdiseaseasacauseofdeath.39.Itisapitythatweshouldstayathomewhenwehave（这么好的大气）.1..1would（不会诉诸法律）acourtoflawifIhadn'tbeensodesperate.50.Johncannotaffordtogototheuniversity,（更不用说出国了）.51.Idon'tmindyour（你延期做出决定）thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.52.1suggestedhe.（使自己适应）hisnewconditions.1..1havenoobjection（再听听你的故事）.54.Thispopularsportscar（正在生产出来）outattherateofathousandaweek.55.（请你找张空白纸）andwriteyournameatthetop?参考答案:8.ranges/variesfrom50centsto$49.toreserveatablefor10.tomaketrouble11.atintervals12.injurehimself13.busypreparingfor14.hadtobeoperatedmanually15.needn'thaveborroweditfromthebank.16.shallhaveleftfor17.isoftenaverytime-consumingjob18.somethingwasdone/somemeasuresweretaken19.overcameit/gotoverit20.intheway21.hadinterruptedme22.itisbecausesheistooinexperienced23.caughthimcheatingme24.didnotworkinthesameoffice25.wasfinallycalledoff/cancelledbecauseofthebadweather26.willbedoing/conductingtheexperiment27.hasastronginfluenceon28.wouldnothavefinishedsoearly29.wonderingabouthisrealpurpose30.attemptstoescapebeingfined31.resorttoforce32.can'thavebeencleaned33.waswronglyaccused/charged34.forfearthatheshouldberecognized35.beingsentabroad36.neitherwillthey37.notsomuchawriter38.Believeitornot39.mayjustaswellstayathome40.stainthenewcarpet41.didn'tdoanything42.playindispensableroles43.Evenso44.arebeingdeveloped45.rememberingallmylife

2718.losecontactwith9.secondonlyto10.suchfineweather11.haveneverresortedto12.nottospeakof/nottomention/letalonegoingabroad13.delayingmaking14.shouldadapthimselfto15.tohearingyourstoryagain16.isnowbeingturned17.Couldyoutakeablanksheetofpaper?二、汉译英专项练习ー、倍数增减的表示法1）ForceN1（比力N2大2.5倍）.2）Thissubstance（反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍）.3）Theearth（是月球大小的49倍）.4）Thelandlord（想将租金提高三分之一）.5）They（计划将投资增加一倍）.二、时态1）Bequick,（否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了）.2）Whenshegothome,（孩子们已经睡着了）.3）WhenIprepareforthecollegeentranceexamination,（我姐姐将在海边度假）.4）I（一上午都在修改我的简历）.5）Doyouoftengoonholiday?（不,我已经有五年没有度假了）.6）HejoinedthearmyinOctober,2001.（他参军已五年了）.三、被动语态1）Theblackboardandchalk（正在被电脑和投影机所取代）.2）Thebook（到今年年底就将已出版）.3）Computermodels（可以用来演示细胞工作的方式）.4）Whenthebilloffarewasbrought,（我惊呆了,价格大大超出了我的预料）.5）（必须立即采取有效措施）toeliminatesandystorms.四、情态动词1）Thephoneisringing,（但是没人接听。她一定不在家）.2）Ican'tfindmysunglasses.（我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了）.3）Youscreamedinyoursleeplastnight.（你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了）.4）It'sapity.（你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的）.5）（其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的）；mostoftheguestswerewearingjeansandsweaters.五、虚拟语气1）Iwish（我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会）.2）Ifonly（他知道这病是可以治好的）！Thenhewouldnothavekilledhimself.3）Wouldyoulikehimtopaintyourdoorwithyellowstars?—I'dratherhe（漆成蓝色的,而且不带任何装饰）.

2721）It'shightimethat一一」采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题）.2）Hughusuallytalks（仿佛在大会上发表演说似的）.3）Weinsistthat（让杰克立刻进医院）.4）Itwasadvisedthat（在居民区设立更多的流动商店）.5）Hisproposalwasthat（他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题）.6）Wearegoingtodiscusshissuggestionthat（取消期中考试）.7）Itisridiculousthat（我们在ー个总是下雨的国家还缺水）.8）Itisessentialthat（每个人都为紧急情况做好准备）.9）（如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票），wewouldhavehadquiteacomfortablejourney.10）Iwastohavemadeaspeech（要不是有人把我的话打断了）.11）Itdidn'trainlastnight.（要是下了,地就会湿的）.12）（如果我一直住在纽约），IwouldknowtheU.S.wellnow.13）Ifthedoctorhadnotcomeintime,（他现在就不在人间了）.14）Butforhishelp,（我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了）.15）Iusedmycalculator;（否则,我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题）.16）WereIinyourplace,（我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会）.17）Haditnotbeenfortheiropposition,（这项法案早就通过了）.18）Shouldtherebeanotherworldwar,（人类的继续存在就会有危险）.19）Hewalkedlightly（以免惊醒婴儿）.六、不定式1）Itwasagreatachievement（10个月建成一栋24层的楼）.2）Itisnecessary（我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉）.3）Itisgenerous（你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民）.4）Theteacherdecided（不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生）.5）Mr.Greenwaswondering（是否去看望在法国的儿子）.6）Thegardener（刚オ警告我不要在中午给花浇水）.7）We（请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座）.8）Hefeelsitchallenging（在这么大一所大学做学生会主席）.9）Wehopetohavemoreopportunities（把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用于实践）.10）Thebadweather（破坏了我们在露天放电影的计划）.11）Theenvironmentalistsareagainst（在郊区建一座核电站的决定）.12）SallyRidewasthefirst（探索外部空间的美国妇女）.13）Theyliftedarock（结果砸了自己的脚）.14）Hewassurprised（在这个山村遇见ー个中学同学）.15）Iamsorry（占用了您这么多时间）.16）Ihappened（在他冲进来的时候站在门口）,17）Shedoesnftlike（被当作客人）.18）Ifyouwanttosavemoney,you'dbetter（到校园书店买旧书）.19）Wedidnothing（除了整天打桥牌）.20）Weweremade（进屋之前在垫子上擦擦脚）.七、分词1）ThisisthefirsttimethatIheard（用意大利语唱“祝你生日快乐つ.32）Thecars（停在消防通道的）willbeticketed.3）Thewarwentonforyears,（夺去了成千上万人的生命）.

2731）Thefarmersusedanewinsecticide,thus（将平均产量提髙了15%）.2）Einsteinwatchedthetoyindelight,（想推导出它的运转原理）.6）（看到大家都在聚精会神地看书），westoppedtalkingandbegantostudy.7）（被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了），theydecidedtopayforhiseducation.8）（从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看），Einsteinwasasimple,modestandordinaryman.9）（好久没有收到父母的来信了），hewasworriedaboutthem.ハ、动名词1）（每天洗冷水澡）doeshimalotofgood.2）Theytriedtoavoid（让女儿做她不喜欢的事情）.3）Developingvarietiesisthekeyto（使我们的产品进入国际市场）.4）Itisnouse（为洒了的牛奶而哭泣）.5）Hedenied（偷看了同桌的试卷）.6）Wecongratulatedheron（被提升为经理）.九、非谓语动词用法区别1）Successmeans（非常努力地工作）.2）Johnmeant（开车去那儿,但他的车出了故障）.3）Iheardhim（在跟他的母亲谈话）.4）Iheardhim（跟他的母亲谈了一个小时）.5）Hejumpedintothepooltosavethechild（结果却摔断了自己的腿）.6）Hejumpedfromtheburninghouse,（摔断了双腿）.7）Hewashappy（看到父母很健康）.8）（看到父母安然无恙），heissuedasighofrelief.9）（跟随着它的脚印），thezoologistsspottedthehungrypanda.10）Thepop,（后面跟着两个保镖），cametomeethisfans.十、名词从句1）（他们为什么离开家乡去云南）isstillasecret.2）（最让我不解的）wasthathespokeEnglishsowell.3）（这么做是故意的）becameobvious.4）Itisnotclearyet（谁应该为这件事负责）.5）Itisnoneofyourbusiness（玛丽与谁订婚）.6）Don'tputofftilltomorrow（今天能做的事）.7）Thisnovelisjust（我一直在寻找的）.8）Itisnotyetknown（机器人是否有一天能拥有象人ー样的视カ）.9）（她是否喜欢那个礼物）isnotcleartome.10）Mymainproblemrightnowis（我是否应该请求另ー笔贷款）.11）Italldependson（他们是否会支持我们）.12）Youhaveyettoanswermyquestion（我是否可以指望你的投票）.13）Finally,theworkersgotananswer（政府做不了什么事来提高他们エ资）.14）Obviously,therewaslittlecertainty（主席会同意他的提议）.H一・、定语从句1）Everydaymanytouristscometovisit（鲁迅出生的那栋房子）.2）Theoldladydied（在她儿子到达的那天）.3）Thisis（我赞成这ー改革的理由）.

2741）LetABCbe（ー个三边不等长的三角形）.42）Someoftheroadswereflooded,（这使我们的旅程更为艰难）.3）Heintroducedmetohisstudents,（他们大部分是英语专业的学生）.4）（众所周知），waterisaliquid.十二、状语从句1）（不管我们谈论什么），Jimbringspolitiesintothediscussion.2）（不管哪一方获胜），Ishallbesatisfied.3）（不管观众中的一些人如何使劲地难为他），thecomedianalwayshadaquick,sharpreply.4）Weclimbedhigh（这样我们就可以看到更好的风景）.5）Theproblemsoverycomplicated（花了我们两个周才解决）.6）Youcangoout（只要你答应晚上11点以前回来）.7）Irememberthewholething（仿佛是昨天发生的）.十三、比较级最高级1）Doesshedance（跟她姐姐ー样地优美）？2）Thebuildingslook（在伦敦比在这儿难看得多）.3）Thisis（他画的最好的画之一）.4）Thehigheryouclimb,（空气就越稀薄）.十四、倒装句1）Scarcelyhadshefallenasleep（ー阵敲门声就把她吵醒）.2）NosoonerhadAnnearrived（就生病了）.3）Thehusbandwasnothospitabletothevisitor.（他妻子也没说一句欢迎的话）.4）Onlythen（那个医生オ意识到他的病人需要手术）.5）Onlywhenyouadjustdownyourprice（我们才能做成这笔买卖）・十五、强调句1）（正是Jefferson写下了）theDeclarationofIndependence.2）（作者是带着真挚的情感）praisesallthatisprogressive.3）（正是因为水涨了）wecouldnotcrosstheriver.4）（人们听见正是Jim这个无情的家伙）shoutingathismotherinthedeadofnight.5）（直到我告诉她）Mrs.Williamsknewanythingaboutit.三、汉译英专项练习答案及解析ー、倍数增减的表示法1）is2.5timesgreaterthanForceN2（考点:倍数+形容词ノ副词比较级+than）2）reactsthreetimesasfastastheotherone（考点:倍数+as+形容词/副词+as）3）is49timesthesizeofthemoon（考点:倍数十名词）4）wantstoraisetherentbyathird（考点:动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数）5）plantodoubletheirinvestment（考点:double+名词）

275二、时态1）ortheweddingwillhavefinishedbythetimewegettothechurch（考点:将来完成时）2）thechildrenhadfallenasleep（考点:过去完成时）3）mysisterwillbetakinghervacationattheseaside（考点:将来进行时）4）havebeenrevisingmyresumeallthemorning（考点:现在完成进行时）5）No.IthasbeenfiveyearssinceIwentonholiday（考点:Ithasbeen…sincesb.didsth,表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了）6）Hehasbeeninthearmyfor5years（考点:1.现在完成时;2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间）三、被动语态1）isbeingreplacedbythecomputerandtheprojector（考点：被动语态的现在进行时）2）willhavebeenpublishedbytheendofthisyear（考点:被动语态的将来完成时）3）canbeusedtodemonstratethewaythatcellswork（考点:1.被动语态与情态动词联用;2.汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动,要译成英语的被动语态）4）Iwasstartled,forthepriceswereagreatdealhigherthanIhadanticipated(考点:同“3”的考点2)5）Effectivemeasuresmustbetakenimmediately(考点:汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态)四、情态动词1)butthereisnoanswer.Shecan'tbeathome(考点：情态动词可以表示可能性,can't表示‘‘一定不")2)Imayhavelefttheminthecoffeeshopyesterday(考点：“情态动词can/could,may/might,must+完成式”用于表示对过去发生的动作的主观判断)3)Youmusthavedreamedofsomethingterrible(考点：同上)4)Youshouldhaveinvitedhertoyourgraduationceremony(考点：“情态动词should/oughtto+havedone"用于评论过去应该做而实际并未做的动作,含有批评的意思)5)Ineedn'thaveputonmybestsuittogototheparty(考点：“情态动词needn't+have+done"表示对过去发生的动作进行评论，认为“无须发生"，"不必做")五、虚拟语气1)IhadhadyouropportunitieswhenIwasyoung(考点:Iwish后的that从句中用过去完成式表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望)2)hehadknownthisdiseaseiscurable(考点：Ifonly引导的感叹句表示“但愿"或"要是……就好了",用法与Iwish…基本相同)3)painteditblue,andwithoutanydecorations(考点：wouldrather后的that从句中用过去式表示不是事实)4)measuresweretakentosolvetheproblemoftrafficjams

276(考点：Ifs(about/high)time后的that从句中用过去式，表示‘’该是的时候了")61)asthoughheweredeliveringaspeechatanassembly(考点：asif/asthough引导的从句中用过去式表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑)2)Jack(should)besenttohospitalrightnow(考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法"的动词..所接的宾语从句....通常用“(that)sb.(should)do"的虚拟形式)3)moremobileshops(should)besetupintheresidentialarea(考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法"的动词..所接的主语从句....通常用“(that)sb.(should)do"的虚拟形式)4)they(should)setupaspecialboard/committeetoexaminethisproblem(考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法"的名词..所接的表语从句....通常用“(that)sb.(should)do"的虚拟形式)5)themid-termexams(should)becanceled(考点:表示“建议、命令、要求、想法"的名词..所接的同位语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式)［表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词及其名词常见的有:advise(advice),agree(agreement),decide(decision),decree,demand,determine(determination),grant,indicate(indication),insist(insistence),order,prefer(preference),propose(proposal),request,require(requirement),resolve(resolution),stipulate(stipulation),suggest(suggestion),urge,vote;常见的这类动词坯有:allow,arrange,ask,beg,concede,demonstrate,ensure,intend,move,pledge,pray等］6)we(should)beshortofwaterinacountrywhereitisalwaysraining(考点:在!tis/was+形容词后的that从句中常用“sb.shoulddo”的形式表示建议惊奇等。这类形容词常见的有:advisable,anxious,appropriate,compulsory,crucial,desirable,eager,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,improper,natural,necessary,obligatory,preferable,proper,urgent,vital,willing等)7)everyone(should)bepreparedforemergency(考点:同上)8)IfhehadbookedticketsinthewayItoldhim(考点:在非真实条件句中用过去完成式表示与过去的事实相反)9)ifIhadnotbeeninterrupted(考点:同上)10)Ifithadrained,thegroundwouldbewet(考点:在非真实条件句中,当主句与从句表示的动作不是同时发生时,就根据情况用适当的谓语动词形式)11)IfIhadbeenlivinginNewYork(考点:同上)12)hewouldbedeadnow(考点:同上)13)wecouldnothaverentahouseatsuchalowprice

277(考点：butfor经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语)1)otherwise,itwouldhavetakenmemoretimetoworkoutthisquestion(考点:otherwise也经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语)2)Iwouldseizetheopportunitywithouthesitation(考点:在非真实条件句中如果有were,had,should这三个词,可以省去if,采用主谓语倒装的形式来表示条件)3)thisactwouldhavebeenpassedmuchearlier(考点：同上)4)thecontinuedexistenceofthehumanracewouldbeinjeopardy(考点:同上)5)lestheshouldawakenthebaby(考点:lest(以免)引导的从句通常用sb.shoulddo的形式表示虚拟)

278六、不定式1）tocompletea24-storybuildingin10months（考点:不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语放在句首代替不定式,而将不定式移到谓语后面）2）forustohaveagoodnight'ssleepbeforethetest（考点:有时用“介词for+代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语,这时整句的谓语描述的对象是事情,这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有:necessary,important,possible,impossible,allright,essential等）3）ofyoutodonatesomuchmoneytothepeopleinthedisasterarea（考点:有时用“介词of+代词ノ名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语,这时整句的谓语描述的对象是人,这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有:absurd,bold,brave,careful,careless,cowardly,cruel,foolish,generous,good,honest,kind,nice,polite,rude,selfish,s川y,stupid,thoughtful,thoughtless,wicked,wise,wrong等）4）nottopunishthosestudentswhohadbeenlateforclass（考点:1.用不定式结构作decide的宾语;2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not）（能带不定式作宾语的动词常见的有:afford,agree,ask,attempt,beg,begin,bother,care,choose,claim,consent,decide,demand,desire,dislike,endeavor,expect,fail,fear,forget,happen,hate,help,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,like,love,manage,mean,neglect,offer,plan,pledge,prefer,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,remember,resolve,start,threaten,undertake,venture,volunteer,vow,want,wish）5）whethertovisittheirsoninFrance（考点:“疑问词+不定式”作动词wonder的宾语。能以这种结构作宾语的动词通常有ask,consider,decide,discover,explain,forget,guess,know,learn,observe,remember,see,tell,understand,wonder等）6）warnedmejustnownottowaterflowersatnoon（考点：不定式作宾语补语）7）invitedhimtogiveusalectureonmodernart（考点：同上）（能带不定式结构作宾语补语的动词有advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,challenge,command,compel,enable,determine,encourage,expect,feel,find,force,get,hate,have,hear,help,informinvite,let,like,make,mean,need,notice,notify,oblige,order,permit,persuade,remind,request,require,see,send,teach,tell,tempt,trouble,urge,want,warn,watch,wish等。注:划线的动词后面的不定式不带to）8）tobethechairmanofstudents5unioninsolargeauniversity（考点:动词+it+形容词/名词+不定式。it是形式宾语,不定式是真正宾语）9）toapplywhatwehavelearnedinclasstopractice（考点:不定式作定语）（不定式常用作以下名词/代词的定语:ability,ambition,anything,attempt,capability,chance,curiosity,desire,decision,determination,effort,failure,intention,need,nothing,opportunity,place,plan,promise,reason,right,something,tendency,time,way,wish等）10）ruinedourplantoshowthefilmintheopenair

279（考点:同上）1）thedecisiontobuildanuclearpowerstationinthesuburbs（考点:同上）2）Americanwomantoexploretheouterspace（考点：由only,last,next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语）3）onlytodropitontheirownfeet（考点:不定式作结果状语）4）tomeetahighschoolclassmateinthemountainvillage（考点:不定式作原因状语）5）tohavetakenupsomuchofyourtime（考点:1.不定式作原因状语;2.不定式的完成时）6）tobestandinginthedoorwaywhenherushedin（考点:不定式的进行式）7）tobetreatedasaguest（考点：不定式的被动形式）88）gotothecampusbookstoretobuyusedbooks（考点：不带to的不定式）9）butplaybridgethewholeday（考点：同上）10）towipeourfeetonthematbeforegoingintotheroom（考点：当动词see,make,hear等用于被动语态时,不定式要保留to）七、分词1）"Happybirthdaytoyou"sunginItalian（考点:分词作宾语补语）（catch,discover,feel,find,get,have,hear,keep,leave,make,notice,see,watch等动词常用分词形式作宾语补语）2）parkedinthefirelane（考点：分词作定语）3）killingthousandsuponthousandsofpeople（考点:分词作结果状语）4）raisingtheaverageyieldby15percent（考点:同上）5）tryingtodeduceitsoperatingprinciple（考点：分词作伴随状语）6）Seeingthateveryonewasbendingoverhis/herbook（考点：分词作原因状语）7）Deeplymovedbytheboy'sdeeds（考点：同上）8）Seenfromtheeyesofayoungfriend（考点：分词作方式状语）9）Nothavingheardfromhisparentsforalongtime（考点：1.分词作原因状语;2.分词的否定形式;3.现在分词的完成式）ハ、动名词1）Takingacoldbatheveryday

280（考点:动名词作主语）1）makingtheirdaughterdowhatshedidn*tliketodo（考点:动名词作动词的宾语）（下列动词后的宾语只能是动名词而不能是不定式:admit,advise,allow,anticipate,appreciate,avoid,delay,deny,dislike,dread,encourage,enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy,finish,can'thelp,imagine,keep,mind,miss,permit,postpone,practice,prevent,propose,recall,recollect,resent,resist,risk,can'tstand,stop,suggest）2）gettingourgoodsintotheinternationalmarket（考点：动名词作介词的宾语）3）cryingoverspilledmilk（考点:动名词用于固定结构。动名词经常与以下词组连用：beworth,havedifficulty（in）,itbenogood/use/worthwhile,therebenoneed/nopointin,how/whatabout,what'sthepointof,what'stheuseof）4）havingpeekedathisneighbor'stestpaper（考点：动名词的完成式）5）beingpromotedtomanager（考点：动名词的被动式）九、非谓语动词用法区别1）workingveryhard.（考点:mean表示“意味着”）2）todrivethere,buthiscarbrokedown9（考点：mean表示“打算”）（类似需要区别的动词还有forget,remember,regret,goon,stop等）3）talkingtohismother（考点:强调正在进行）4）talktohismotherforanhour（考点:强调整个过程）5）onlytobreakhisownleg（考点:意料之外的结果）6）breakinghislegs（考点：意料之中的结果）7）toseehisparentsingoodhealth（考点：不定式作原因状语位于句末）8）Seeinghisparentssafeandsound（考点:分词作原因状语位于句首）9）Followingitsfootprints（考点:现在分词强调主动）10）followedbytwobodyguards（考点：过去分词强调被动）十、名词从句1）WhytheylefttheirhometownforYunnan（考点:主语从句）2）Whatconfusedmemost（考点:同上）3）Thatthiswasdoneonpurpose（考点:同上）

2811）whoshouldberesponsibleforthismatter（考点：较长的主语从句可以后置,用it作形式主语）2）whomMaryisengagedto（考点:同上）3）whatcanbedonetoday（考点：宾语从句）4）whatIhavebeenlookingfor（考点:表语从句）5）whether/ifrobotswillonedayhavevisionasgoodashumanvision（考点:whether/if引导后置的主语从句）6）Whethershelikesthepresent（考点:whether引导前置的主语从句）7）whetherIshouldaskforanotherloan（考点:whether引导表语从句）8）whethertheywillsupportus（考点:whether引导宾语从句）9）whetherIcancountonyourvote（考点:whether引导同位语从句）（9-12中的whether不可以替换为if）10）thattheGovernmentcoulddonothingtoraisetheirwages（考点:同位语从句）11）thatthechairmanwouldagreetothisproposal（考点:同上）10Hー、定语从句1）thehousewhereLuXunwasborn（考点:先行词为地点,定语从句通常由where引导）2）onthedaywhenhissonarrived（考点:先行词为时间,定语从句通常由when引导）3）thereasonwhyIaminfavorofthisreform（考点:先行词为reason,定语从句通常由why引导）4）atrianglewhosethreesidesareofunequallength（考点:whose引导的定语从句）5）whichmadeourjourneymoredifficult（考点:非限制性定语从句）6）mostofwhomwereEnglishmajors（考点:同上）7）Asisknowntoall（考点：as引导的定语从句）十二、状语从句1）Whateverwetalkabout（考点:让步状语从句）2）Whicheversidewins（考点:同上）3）Howeverhardsomepeopleintheaudiencetriedtoupsethim（考点:同上）4）sothatwemightgetabetterview（考点：目的状语从句）5）thatittookusnearlytwoweekstosolveit（考点:结果状语从句）6）aslongasyoupromisetobebackbefore11atnight

282（考点:条件状语从句）1）asifithappenedyesterday（考点：方式状语从句）十三、比较级最高级1）asgracefullyashersister（考点：同级比较）2）faruglierinLondonthanhere（考点:用副词或词组来修饰比较级）3）oneofthebestpicturesthathehaseverpainted（考点：最高级）4）thethinnertheairbecomes（考点:“越……越……”结构）十四、倒装句1）whenaknockatthedoorawakenedher（考点:Hardly…when…结构）2）thanshefell川（考点:Nosooner…than…结构）3）Nordidthewifesayawordofwelcome.（考点：nor表示“后者与前者ー样地不……”）114）didthedoctorrealizethathispatientneededsurgery（考点:only引导的状语位于句首,句子倒装）5）canweconcludethebusiness（考点:同上）十五、强调句1）ItwasJeffersonwhowrote（考点:强调主语）2）Itiswithgenuinefeelingthattheauthor（考点:强调状语）3）Itwasbecausethewaterhadrisenthat（考点:强调状语从句）4）ItwasJim,theheartlessfellow,whowasheard（考点:强调主语）5）ItwasnotuntilItoldherthat（考点:强调状语从句）2.noneofusexpectedthechairmantoturnup3.aswastobeexpected4.anartasitisascience5.couldhavemadeagoodsalary.6.tohavenoaccess7.tostudents1234567beinglatefor