郑树森版新视野大学英语视听说3

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UintlILBasicListeningPractice1.ScriptW:0k.it'syourturntopaythebill.Ipaidlasttime.M:What?Youhaveaselectivememory.Youtriedtopaylastturn,butyourcreditcardfailed;so1endeduppaying!It'sdefinitelyyourturn.Q:Whatistrueaccordingtotheconversation?2.ScriptM:I'mhavingrealtroublereviewingforthisFrenchexam.Ijustcan'tmemorizeallthevocabulary.W:Metoo.Ihatehavingtolearnthingsbyheart.Iguesswejusthavetokeepreadingthetextsoverandover.Q:Whatdoesthewomanprefer?3.ScriptW:Ohlook!There'sthatguywesawlastweek,playingfootballinthepark!Helookedgreatinhiskit,remember?M:Him?Idon'trememberhim.I'vegotaterriblememoryforfaces.IhaveahardtimeevenrecordingpeopleI'vebeenintroducedto.Q:Accordingtotheconversation,whatistheman'sproblem?4.ScriptM:Whyisthereabigsignonthebackofyourdoorthatsays"keys"?W:It'storemindmetotakemykeyswhenIgooutbecauseI'malwayslockingmyselfoutbyaccident!Itdoesn'thelpenough.NowIjustforgettoreadthesign.Q:Whyisthereasignonthebackofthedoor?5.ScriptM:Thathistoryexamwasreallyhard.Theessayquestionwasterrible!W:Iknow,Iwish1werelikeDavid.Hehasaphotographicmemory,youknow.Howusefulthatwouldbe!Q:WhatistrueofDavid?Keys:l.C2.D3.A4.B5.C

1III.ListeningInScriptM:Tellmeyoursecret.You'resuddenlygettingexcellentmarksineverysubject,andyouusedtobeabottom-of-classstudentjustlikeme.W:Simpleenough.Ireadanarticleinascientificjournalthatstudyingwithremembering,basedonrecentresearchintothebrain.M:Aw,thatstuff'soldhat:studyatthesametimeeveryday,besureyourclothesarecomfortable,andmakesureyouhaveenoughlight,blah-blah-blah.W:Notsofast,wiseguy.I'mtalkingaboutprincipleslike“MentalVisualization",creatingapictureinyourmindofwhatistoberemembered.M:Ok,thatdiessounddifferent.Id"Association"aprinciple—youknow,youconnectwhatyouwanttorememberwithsomethingyou'refamiliarwith?W:Righton!"Consolidation"isanother.Ireviewmynotesrightafterclassandconsolidate一orabsorb-thenewmaterialintowhatI'vealreadylearned.M:You'removingaheadfastwiththoseprinciples.IswearthisweekendI'mgoingtostudysixteenhoursadaybothSaturdayandSunday.W:Whoa,bigguy.That'snottheway.Followtheprincipleof""DistributesPractice".Shorterstudysessionsdistributesoverseveraldaysarebetter.M:Thatsystemisallverywellforyou;you'vegotagoodmemory.Butwhataboutme?I'vegotamemorylikeasieve.W:You'retoomodest.There'snothingwrongwithyourmemory.Butmemoryislikeamuscle;itneedsexercise.Anddon'tforgetit.WhilethemaniswonderingwhythewomanissuddenlyRettingexcellentmarks,shesaysshereadanarticleonstudyingandremembering.Ittalksaboutprincipleslike""MentalVisualization",thatis,creatingapictureinone'smindofwhatistoberemembered.Thisremindsthemanoftheprincipleof""Association",whichmeansconnectingwhatonewantstorememberwithsomethingoneisfamiliarwith.Thenthewomanaddstheprincipleof“Consolidation",orreviewingone'snotesafterclassandabsorbingthenewmaterialintowhatonehasalreadylearned.Whenthemanpromisetostudysixteenhoursaday,thewomanrecommendstheprincipleof""DistributedPractice",whichfavorsshorterstudysessionsdistributedoverseveraldays.Finally,thewomantellsthemanthatmemoryislikeamuscle,andthatitneedsexercise.Task2:Youforgetmytoast!ScriptAn80-year-oldcouplewashavingproblemsrememberingthings,sotheydecidetogoto

2theirdoctortoseewhatwaswrongwiththem.Theyexplainedtothedoctorabouttheproblemstheywerehavingwiththeirmemory.Aftercheckingthecoupleover,thedoctortoldthemthattheywerephysicallyokaybutmightneedtostartwritingthingsdowntohelpthemremember.Thecouplethankedthedoctorandleft.LaterthatnightwhilewatchingTV,theoldwomansaidtotheoldman,"Honey,willyoupleasegotothekitchenandgetmeadishoficecream?^^Beforethemanleft,sheadded,“Whydon'tyouwritethatdownsoyouwon'tforget?”“Nonsense,“saidthehusband,"Icanrememberadishoficecream!""Well,"saidthewife,"I'dlikesomestrawberriesonit.You'dbetterwritethatdownbecauseIknowyourmemoryisfailing.""Don'tbesilly,"repliedthehusband."There'reonlytwothings:adishoficecreamandsomestrawberries.Icansurelyrememberthat!"Withthat,herushedintothekitchen.Afterabouttwentyminuteshereturnedfromthekitchenandhandedheraplateofbaconandeggs.Thewifetookonelookattheplate,glancedupatherhusband,andsaid,"Hey,youforgetthetoast!"Keys:FTFFFTask3:Memory-ImprovingTechniquesScriptTherearemanytechniquesyoucanusetoimproveyourmemory.Someofthemareintroducedher.Firstandforemost,youneedtostimulateyourmemoryallthetime.Toputitsimply,youshoulduseyourmemoryasmuchaspossible.Itisespeciallyimportanttotrytolearnsomethingnew.Ifyouworkinanoffice,learntodance;ifyouareadancer,learntodealwithacomputer,ifyouworkwithsales,andlearntoplaychess;ifyouareaprogrammer,learntopaint.Theseaddedactivitiesstimulatethebrainsothat11continuestofunction.Olderpeopleneedtopayattentiontothingstheyaredealingwith.Don'ttrytomemorizeeverythingthatcatchesyourattention;fbcusonwhatyouconsiderimportant.Forexample,youcantakeanyobjectsuchasapenandconcentrateonit.Thinkonitsvariouscharacteristics:itsmaterial,itsfunction,itscolor,andsoon.Don'tallowanyotherthoughttooccupyyourmindwhileyouareconcentratinginthatpen.Anothermethodthatcanbeusedistorelaxyourself.Itisimpossibletorememberthingsifyouaretenseornervous.50,tryholdingyourbreathfortenseconds,andthenreleaseitslowly.Associationisalsoapowerfultooltodevelopyourmemory.Forexample,ifyoucannot

3rememberaperson'sname,youcanthinkaboutaspecialfeatureofhisfaceandthenlinkitwithhismane.1.What'sseemstobeanespeciallyimportantwaytostimulateone'smemory?2.Whatseemstobethebestwaytofbcusyourmemory?3.Howcanyouconcentrateonapen?4.Howcanyourelaxyourselfaccordingtothepassage?5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Kes:1A2.C3.D4.B5,DIV.SpeakingOutMODEL1Itslippedmymind!Amy:Isentouttheinvitationstothedinnerparty.Bill:That'sgood.Nowwhatshouldwedo?Amy:We'vegottoplanthemenu.Bill:Oh,that'sright.Doyouhaveanythinginmind?Amy:IthinkI'mgoingtomakethechickensaladwehadattheChristmasparty.RememberIsledthecheffortherecipe?Bill:Yeah,butdidyouforgetthatLindadoesn'teatchicken?Amy:Linda?Oh,mygosh!IforgottoinviteLinda!Itjustslippedmymind.She'llbemadatme.Bill:Well,everyoneforgetssomethingsometimes.It'snottoolateyet.I'llmakeaphonecall.Don'tworry.Amy:Thanks!Yousee,I'mgettingforgetful.IthinkI'mgettingold!Bill:Lookslikeyouare,sweetheartNowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOGA:I'mgoingtothrowaparty,andI'vesentouttheinvitationstomyfriendsandrelatives.B:That'sgood.Butdon'tforgettoinviteeveryoneyoushouldinvite.A:IthinkI'veinvitedeveryone.Doyouhaveanybodyinmind?B:DidyouinviteJohn?He'slosthisjobafterrecentquarrelwithhisboss.A:Oh,mygosh!Iforgottoinvitehim!He'llbesad,thinkingwelookdownonhim.Hejustslippedmymind.B:Well,everyoneforgetssomethingsometimes.Don'tworry.It'snottoolate.Makeaphonecallrightaway.

4A:DidIforgetanybodyelsethatIshouldincite?B:There'syetanotherpersonyoushouldinvite-Julia.She'sjustmovedtothecityandfeelslonely.A:Oh,goodheavens,Iforgotallabouther.She'sournewfriend.Yousee,I'mgettingforgetful.IthinkI'mgettingold!B:Lookslikeyouare,buddy.You'dbetterstartwritingthingsdownifthey'reimportant.M0DEL2Ican'tthinkofitoffthetopofmyhead.ScriptJohn:Hey,Sue.DoyouknowwhatJack'shomephonenumberis?Susan:Ican'tthinkofitoffthetopofmyhead.Idon'thavemyaddressbookonme,andIdon'thavemymobilephonewithme,either.John:That'stoobad!I'vegottofindhimnow.It'surgent!IfIcan'tfindhimtoday,I'llbedead!Susan:Youmightwanttolookitupinthephonebook.John:I'vecheckedalready,butitseemsthathidphonenumberisunlisted.Susan:Maybeit'sunderhisroommate'sname.John:Well,Iguessso.Susan:Well,whydon'tyoucallJane?Shehashisphonenumber.John:I'vetried,butnooneanswered!Susan:Maybecallhisofficeandaskhissecretary.John:I'vealreadytried.Shewon'ttellme.Shesaysit'sprivate.Susan:Oh,that'sright.Theyusuallydon'treleaseprivateinformationoverthephone.John:It'sapity.Youusuallyhaveapowerfidmemory,butyoucan'thelptoday.What'swrongwithyou?Yourmemoryseemstobefadingearly.Susan:It'snotmymemoryisfading.1dohavememoryforfaceandnames,butapooronefornumberanddatesNowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOGA:Hey,doyourememberwhenisthelectureonthevalueofinformationbyProfessorSmith?B:Ican'tthinkofitoffthetopofmyhead.Maybewecanlookitupinournotebook,butIdon'thaveminewithme.A:That'stoobas!1don'thaveitwithme,either.Doyourememberthenumberofthelecturehail?B:Sorry,Ican'tthinkofitoffmyhead.

5A:I'mterriblyinterestedinthelecture.Ican'tmissit!B:Well,whydon'tyoucallthedeanwhoarrangedthelecture?A:I'mafraidit'snotverywisetoaskthedeandirectly.B:Thenmaybeyoucancalltheofficeifthedepartmentandaskthesecretary.A:I'vealreadytried,butnooneanswered.B:Oh!A:Youusuallyhaveapowerfulmemory,butyoucan'thelptoday.Youmemoryseemstobefadingearly.B:It'snitthatmymemoryisfading.Idohaveagoodmemoryforfacesandnames,butapooronefornumbersanddates.M0DEL3What'swrongwithyourmemory?ScriptBill:Hi,honey!MytriptoLondonwaswonderful.Amy:Tellmewhatthrilledyoumost.[ThetelephoneringsandBillanswersit....Hehangsup.]Bill:Er,wherewasI?Amy:YouweretalkingaboutyourtourinLondon.Bill:Oh,yeah.Amy:Ibetyouhadagreattime.Bill:Yes,IparticularlyenjoyedvisitingthetowerofLondon.Amy:Howdidyougetthere?Bybusorunderground?Bill:Letmesee....Sorry,Ican'trememberanymore.Amy:What'swrongwithyourmemory?Bill:Ihopeit'snotAlzheimer'sdisease.Idon'twanttoforgetmyownname.Amy:Idon'tthinkso.Perhapsit'sjusttemporaryforgetfulness.You'llberightafteragoodsleep.Bill:Ihopeso.Butasthisishappeningsooftenrecently,IthinkImustgotoseeadoctorandgetsomepillsAmy:It'snotasserousasthat.Anyway,Iwishyouhadagoodmemoryforhappyevents,andabadoneforunhappythings.

6NowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOGA:Hey,mytriptoBeijingwasfantastic.B:Tellmewhatthrilledyoumost.[ThedoorbellringsandAanswerit....Acomesback.lA:WherewasI?B:YouweretalkingaboutyourtourinBeijingA:Oh,yeah.B:Ibetyouhadagreattime.A:Yes,IparticularlyenjoyedvisitingtheForbiddenCityandtheGreatWall,thoughtheadmissionfeeswereabittoohighforme.B:Whatwerethefees?A:Letmesee....Sorry,Ican'trememberanymore.B:What'swrongwithyourmemory?A:Ihopeit'snotAlzheimer'sdisease.Idon'twanttoseealotofnewpeopleeveryday.B:Idon'tthinkso.Perhapsyouonlyforgetthingsmomentarily.You'llberightafteragoodsleep.A：Ihopeso.Butasthisishappeningsooftenrecently,1thinkIhavetoseeadoctor.B:Idon'tthinkit'ssoserious.Anyway,abadmemoryhelpsyouforgetyourtrouble.V.LefsTalkScriptStudent:Professor,thankyouforgrainingmethisinterview.I'mSusan,areporterfromtheStudentUnionmagazine.Manystudentshavedifficultlymemorizingthings.Sinceyou'reanoutstandingpsychologist,couldyougiveussometipsonhowtopimproveourmemory?Professor:Well,somepeoplehavebettermemoriesthanothers,butthat'slargelybecausetheyarebetteratcreatingmentalimages.Student:IfI'mnotgoodatcreatingimages,whatcanIdo?Professor:Practicehelps.Andthemindremembersthingsbetteriftheyareconnectedwithotherimages.Forexample,Iyouhavetopickupseveralitemsatthegrocerystore,say,carrots,egg,bananas,andmilk,youcancreateapictureinyourmindofagiantcarrot,andhangingfromit,abanana.Student:ThenIcouldhaveagiantmilkcartonpouringmilkoverthecarrotandbanana.Professor:Certainly.Thenwhatwouldyoudowiththeegg?Student:Hmmm.I'dvisualizeanegg-shapedUFOflyingacrossthesky.Professor:Thereyougo.Themoreyouapplytheideas,theeasieritgets.Besidescreatingpictures,there'sanothertechniquethatisveryuseful.Student:Whatisit?Professor:Establishinganassociation.Supposeyouarelookingforlostkeys.Relax,andletyourmindlookforalltheimagesconnectedwiththosekeys-theirfeel,thesoundstheymake.Student:Howwillthathelp?Professor:Youmightrememberthesoundthekeysmadewhenyouplacedthenina

7drawerorcoldtouchofthekeysinyourjacketwereyouleftthem.Student:Ohmygosh!Ihavetorun.It'stimemyEnglishclass.Iseeanimageofmyteacherstaringatmyemptyseatintheclassroom.Manythanks,Professor.Professor:Notatall,andgoodluckwithyourmemory.

8WaysofImprovingOne'sMemoryExamplesCreatingimagesToremembertheitemstobuysatthegrocerystoresuchascarrots,eggs,bananas,andmilkImagesthatyoumayhelp:Lagiantcarrotandabananahangingfromit2.agiantmilkcartonpouringmilkovertheccrrolandbannnn3.anegg-shapedUFOflyingacrosstheskyEstablishingassociationsTofindyourlostkeysAssociationswithsoundtouchthatmayhelp:1.Thesoundofthekeysmightremindyouofy'havingplacedtheninadrawer.2.Thecoldtouchofthekeysmightremindyouoftheminyourjacket.DiscussionSAMPLEA:Aswejustheardfromtheinterview,thetechniqueofassociatingcertainlyimportantinpromotingmemory.B:Andaccordingtotheinterview,creatingimageshelpsrememberthings.Ifyourshoppinglistincludeseggs,youmightvisualizeaneggoranegg-shapedUFOflyingacross.A:Anotherimportantfactorinimprovingmemorycanbeofinterest.Ifyougetinterestedinsomething,youcanrememberitbetter.B:Yeah.Andifyourecognizefactsintomeaningfulgroups,youcanrememberthembetter.Forinstance,ifyouwanttomemorizeallthenamesofAmericanpresidents,itisnoteasy.If,however,youarrangethemchronologicallyintothreeperiods:thosebeforeAbrahamLincoln,thosebetweenAbrahamLincolnandFranklinRoosevelt,andthoseafter,thenthetaskwillbelessdifficult.A:Itiscommonsensethatifyouglanceatsomethingquickly,youtendtoforgetitquickly.Ifyoustuffyitslowly,youcanrememberitbetter.B:Anothertechniqueisintensivepracticeorrepeating.Asasayinggoes,practicemakesperfect.Ifyourepeatsomethingagainandagain,youwilleventuallylearnitbyheart.

9A:Butweshouldnotworktoohard.Whenwegettired,ourlearningefficiencydeclines.Weneedbreakssothemindcanrestandabsorbwhathasbeenlearned.VI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingTaskl:TheRoleMemoryPlaysinOurLifeScriptSincememoryplaysasignificantroleinourlife,scrientistsareincreasinglyinterestedinresearchonhowtoimprovermemory,Herearesomefactorstheybelievetobeimportanttoexpandingmemorycapacity.Tobeginwith,youmusttakespecialcareinyourdailylife.Foodforexample,isveryimportant.Somevitaminsareessentialfoeyourmemorytoworkproperly.Theyarefoundinbread,cereal,vegetablesandfruits.Someexpertssaythatsynthesizesvitaminsimprovememory,butothershavedoubtsaboutthis,arguingthatthestudieshavenotconfirmedtheydowork.Anotheressentialfactoriswater.Ithelpstomaintainthememorysystems,especiallyinolderpersons.AccordingtoDr.Roswell,lackofwaterinthebodyhasanimmediateandstrongeffectonmemory;itcancauseconfusionandotherthoughtdifficulties.Sleepalsoplaysasignificantrole.Tobeabletohaveagoofmemory,wemustallowthebraintohaveplentyofrest.Whilesleeping,thebrainnolongercontrolsthesenses,andstartstoreviseandstoretheinformationonehasreceives.Lackofsleepwouldmakeonefeelexhaustedandwouldweakenone'sabilitytoconcentrate.Also,one'abilitytostoreinformationwouldbeaffected.1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?2.Whyarefoodsimportantinpromotingmemoryaccordingtothepassage?3.Towhomiswaterespeciallyimportantinmaintainingthememorysystem?4.Whatproblemcanalackofwatercause?5.Whyissleepimportanttomemory?Keys:1.A2.B3.D4.D5.CTask2:Wheredidtheprofessorgo?ScriptThisisatruestory,whilehappenedtofriendsofoursinasmalltowninSouthAfrica.Theywereahospitablecouplewhooftenentertainedtheirneighborsfordrinks,teaordinner.Onthisparticularspringnight,theyhaveinvitedaretiredprofessortosuper.Duringtheevening,itbegantopourwithrain,andtheheavensreallyopened.Becausehe

10hadwalkedthere,theyofferedtoputhimupforthenight.Theypointedoutthatbystayingovernight,hedidnotneedtogotooutinthebadweather.Heagreedonthesoundnessofthatidea,thankedhishostsprofusely,andthematterseemedtobesettled.Butwhiletheywerewashingthedishesaftersupper,theforgetfulprofessordisappeared.Noonecouldfindhimanywhere.Eventually,after40minutes,thefrontdoorbellrang.Therewastheprofessor,soakedtotheskin.Whenhewasaskedwhatonearthhehasbeendongintherain,herepliedthatbecausehewasgoingtostaythereovernight,hehadgonehometogethispajamasandtoothbrush.Task3:HowtoRememberNamesScriptYoujustcalledtheTVrepairshop,andthevoiceontheotherendofthelinetellsyou,“ThisisDonSmith”.About5minuteslateryoutellyourwifethat“thisguy"willbeouttofixtheTVinthemorning.Youcan'tthinkofhismanealthoughyouknowhementioneditonthephone.Thishappensallthetimetojustaboutanyofusunlesswehavelearnedtoconcentrateandimplantanameinourmemory,rightatthetimewehearit.Todothis,youmustmakeahabitofrepeatingthenamebacktotheperson.Thisactionwillremindyoutostorethenameinyour"memorybank"eachtimeyouhearsomeone'sname,andwithinashorttimethe"repeating"processcanbediscontinuedWhenyoumeetsomeoneinperson,usethesameprocedure,andinaddition,visualizesomethingdifferent,unusualorridiculousabouthidorherappearance,position,oractionsthat"tiesin"withhisorhername.Later,youmaywritethedescriptiveinformationononesideofacardandthenameintheotherside.Lookatitrepeatedly,seethe"picture"inyourmind'seyeasyoulookatthename;orwhenyouseehename,visualizethe“picture“youhaveassignedtothename.Gettingthissystemtoworkwillrequirechangesinyourthinking,anditmaytakeseveraldaysorseveralweekstobecomeproficient.NewsReportADolphinExhibition

11ScriptArecentartexhibitioninFloridahonoredtheanimaloftenseenasman'smostintelligentfriend,thedolphin.The“DolphinsonParade"exhibitionintheFloridaKeysfeaturedlife-sizeddecoratesdolphinpaintingsmadeofwoodandthecostofmaterials.Thedolphinswereshownatareabusinessandalongthebeach.SponsorspaidU.S.$750tocovertheartists'feeandthecostofmaterials.Thereweremorethan100dolphinthemes,includingabeer-bellydolphin.Theyshowedtheworkoflocalartists,aswellasthebeachatmospheretheKeysarefamousfor.Probablythemostuniquewasspecialbecauseofitsartist,Pandora.Pandorathedolphinpainterisareadolphin,arttheDolphinResearchcenter,inMarathon,Florida.Theplayfulartiststreakscolorsacrossadolphinpaintingholdingabrushinitsmouth.TheexhibitionwasheldbytheMonroe[Florida]CounciloftheArtsaspartofaplantomaketheKeysaninternationalartscenter.ThepaintingsweretobeauctionedoffinMarch,withthemoneyearnedgoingtocommunityartprograms.Uint2II.BasicListeningPractice3.ScriptW:Haveyouchosenyourelectivefornextsemesteryet?AreyoutakingFrenchwritingagain?M:YesIam,butit'scompulsoryforusnextsemester.SoIthinkI'mgongtodomarketingasanelectiveinstead.Q:Whichclasswillthemanchooseashiselective?4.ScriptM:DidyougotothatbusinesseslectureonFriday?Imisseditandneedtocopyyournotes.W:rdsayyoucouldborrowmynotes,butSarah'sgotthem.BecarefulnottomissProfessorBrown'sseminar;hetakesattendanceinthat.Q:Whatisthewomantellingtheman?3.ScriptW:Wow,Steven!Inthelibrary!Whatbringsyouhere?M:I'menjoyingtheview.AllthegirlsinfashiondesignareherearepreparingfbranexamonMonday.Q:Whyisthemaninthelibrary?4.ScriptW:How'syourgroupdoingwiththisstatisticspresentation?Mine'sterrible.M:Yeah,minetoo.DavidandMikeareOK,butStevendoesn'tpullhisweightandSuzie's

12neveraround.Idon'tseehowwecanpassunlessStevenandSuzierealizethatthisistheirlastchance.Q:WhatisthetrueofStevenandSuzie?3.ScriptW:YoutookanMBAatHarvardBusinessSchool,didn'tyou?What'sitlike?M:It'sexpensive,aboutU.S.$40,000ayear,plusthecostsoffoodandhousing.Buttheteachingisfirstclass.Theprofessorshavealotofpracticalexperience.Theyusethecasesystemofteaching;thatis,youstudyhowactualbusinessesgreworfailed.Q:WhyisheMBAteachinginHarvardBusinessSchoolfirstclass,accordingtotheconversation?Keys:1.C2.D3.B4.D5.AIII.ListeningInTaskl:OntheFirstDayScriptHarrison:I'mHarrison.Goodtomeetyou.Soyou'veboughtthebooksfbrthisbiologyclass.Jenny:Sure,Ithinkeveryonehadtobeforeclassstarted.Harrison:No.Usuallynoonedoesmuchonthefirstdaybecauseit'sstilladd-drop.Jenny:What'sthat?Harrison:Changingfromclasstoclasstofindoutwhichoneisbest.Hey,whereareyoufrom?Jenny:Poland.Haveyouhasthisteacherbefore?I'veheardheisreallygood.Harrison:He'sgoodifyou'reahand-worker.Heexpectsalot.Jenny:Oh,Iguessthat'sgood.IhopeIcankeepupwitheveryoneelseintheclass.MaybeIneedyourhelpafterclass.Harrison:You'rewelcome.Professor:Allright.Seeyouguysnextweek.Student:Seeyou.Jenny:Harrison,waitup!Harrison:Sowhatdoyouthinkabouttheprofessor'slecture?Jenny:Ithinkhalfofwhathesaidwentovermyhead.Harrison:That'sallright.Alotofwhathesaidisexplaininthereading/Jenny:Hey,wouldyoumindifIborrowedyournotestonighttolookthemover?Harrison:Noproblem.Wedon'thaveclassuntilWednesday.Hereyougo.Jenny:Thanks.IjustwanttomakesureI'mpreparedfortheseminar.Harrison:Yeah,participationinthediscussionisanimportantpartoftheeducationhere.

13SeeingthatJennyhasboughtthebooksforthebiologyclass,Harrisonsaysnobodydoesmuchonthefirstdaybecauseit'sstilladd-drop,whichmeansstudentsarechangingfromclasstoclass.Jennyknowstheprofessorisreallygood.ButHarrisonwarnsherthattheprofessorisgood,onlyifstudentsarehand-workers,forheexpectsalot.Afterclass,Jennyadmitsthathalfofwhattheprofessorsaidwentoverherhead,andHarrisonassuresherthatalotofwhattheprofessorsaidisexplainedinthereading.WhenJennyaskstoborrowHarrisonnotes,hesays“onproblem”，fortheydon'thaveclassuntilWednesday.Finally,Harrisonsaysparticipationinthediscussionattheseminarisanimportantpartoftheeducationthere.Task2:MoneyforCollegeScriptRobertisauniversitystudent.Helikestohavefun.Buthavingfunwasexpensive,sohewasrapidlyrunningoutofmoney.Therewasnothingtodototrytocallhismotherforhelp.“Hi,Mom.IcertainlymissyouandDad.I...uh...gotabigsurprisethisweekinmyphysicscourse.Wehavetobuytwonewtextbooks.I'mgoingtoneed$100.""Iunderstand,"saidhismother,"I'llsendyouthemoneyrightaway.Youleftyourcalculusbookherewhenyouwerehometwoweeksago.ShallImailthatatthesametime?""Oh,yeah.Thanks,"Robertsaid.Robert'smothermadeupaparcelwiththecalculusbookandtwochecks,andmailedittoRobertthatveryday.Whenshereturnedfromthepostoffice,herhusbandwaswaitingforher.“Well,howmuchdidyougivetheboythistime?^^askedDad."Isendtwochecks:onefor$100andtheotherfor$1,100,"answeredMom."You'reoutingyourmind,''yelledDad,"That's$1,100.He'lljustspendthatinacoupleofweeks.He'snevergoingtolearnthevalueofmoneythatway.”"Don'tworry,honey/'Momsaid,"Itapedthe$100checktothecoverofhisbook,butIputthe$1,000onebetweenthepagesinCharperl3!,9Keys:TFFFTTask3:HowtoGetStraightA5sScriptItisinterestingtonotehowstraightAstudentsachieveacademicexcellence.Here,accordingtoeducationexpertsandstudentsthemselvesarethesecretsofsuper-achievers.

14First,theyknowhowtosetpriorities.Topstudentsallownointrusionsonstudytime.Oncethebooksareopenorthecomputeristurnedon,phonecallsgounanswered,TVshowsunwatched,snacksignored.Studyisbusiness,andbusinesscomesbeforerecreation.Also,goodstudentscanstudyanywhereandeverywhere.ClaudiaHill,anArizonaStateUniversitybusinessprofessorrecallsacross-countryrunnerwhoworkedouteveryday.Hillpersuadedhimtousehissparetimetomemorizebiologyterm.Thenhepostedalistofbiologytermsonthemirrorinthebathroom.Helearnedafewtermseverydaywhilebrushinghisteeth.Eventually,hescoredhighonthefinalexamination.Moreover,topstudentsscheduletheirtimewell.Studytimesarestrictlyamatterofpersonalpreference.Someworklateatnightwhenthehouseisquiet.Othersawakeearly.Stillothersstudyassoonastheycomehomefromschoolwhentheworkisfreshintheirminds.Allagreed,however,ontheneedforconsistency.Astudentsays,"WhateverIwasdoing,Imaintainedacertainperiodoftimeeverydayforstudying.”Anotherimportantcharacteristicofsuper-achieversisthattheyknowhoetoread,AccordingtoabookentitledGettingStraightA's,thesecretofgoodreadingistobe"anactivereader-onewhocontinuallyasksquestionsthatleadtoafullunderstandingoftheauthor'smessage'9.6.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutsuper-achieversstartingtostudy?7.Whatdidthecross-countryrunnerdotoscorehighontheexam?8.Whatisthegoodthingalltopstudentsagreeon?9.Whatdoesthespeakermeanby“anactivereader”?10.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Kes:IB2.C3.D4.A5.DIV.SpeakingOutMODEL1You'rejustgoingtohavestudyhardNora:Onlyourfirstdaybackatschool,andalreadyIfeellikeI'velearnedalot.Chris:Onlyourfirstdaybackatschool,andIalreadyfeellikeI'muptomyearsinhomework.Nora:You'regoingtohavetohitthebooksifyouwanttokeepyourgradesup.Chris:Tellmeaboutit!1alreadyhavetworeports,twobooksreports,acomposition,anoralreport,andaresearchproject—allduebeforemidterms.Nora:Wecouldworktogether.Maybesomeofmyorganizedstudyhabitwouldruboffonyou.Chris:Betteryet,maybeyoucoulddomyhomeworkforme.Nora:Forgetit!Thatwouldbecheating.

15Chris:Allright,allright.1haveyettowriteatermpaper.Canyourecommendanyarticlesandbooks?You'dbetterfindmetheexactpageswhereIcanfindwhatIwant.Nora:Youcouldborrowideasfromreferences,butifyouquotewithoutgivingthesources,you'replagiarizing.Chris:Thequiznextweekwillbeaheadache.Ifyoudon'thelpme,I'llhavetopreparesomestudysheetsandhidetheminmyhandwhenItakethetest.Nora:Oh,no!Ifyou'recaught,theprofessorwilldefinitelygiveyouanF.Probably,youwillhavetorepeattheyear.Chris:Allright,I'lltakeyouradvice.Thelibraryisgoingtobemynewhome,andinthedormFilbeburningthemidnightoil.NowYourTYirnSAMPLEDIALOGA:We'regoingtohaveatest,andIalsohaveatermpapertofinish.ButIhaven'tdoneathing.Tmreallyworriednow.B:You'regoingtohavetohavetohitthebooksifyouwanttogetgoodgrades.A:ButthiscourseissodifficultthatIalreadydon'tunderstanditatall.B:Wecouldworktogether.Maybesomeofmyorganizedstudyhabitcanhelpyou.A:Betteryet,maybeyoucouldwriteatermpaperforme.B:Forgetit!Thatwouldbecheating.A:Allright,allright.Ihaveyettowriteitmyself.MaybeIcandownloadsomearticlesfromtheInternetandpiecethemtogether.B:Youcouldborrowideasfromthosearticles,butifyouquotewithoutgivingthesources,you'replagiarizing.A:Also,thetestnextweekwillbeaheadache.Ifyoudon'thelpme,I'llhavetoprepareacheat-sheetandhideitinmyhandduringthetest.B:Oh,no!Ifyou'recaught,theprofessorwilldefinitelygiveyouanF.A:I'lltrytobecareful.B:Butiftheprofessorcatchesyou,you'llhavetorepeattheyear.You'rejustgoingtohavetostudyhard.A:Ok,I'lltakeyouradvice.Thelibrary'sgoingtobemynewhome,andinthedormI'llbeburningthemidnightoil.M0DEL2Whichclassdoyouprefer?ScriptChris:FirstperiodismathwithMr.Woods.Idon'tknowhowam1goin^tostayawake?

16Nora:IlikeMr.Wood.He'sinteresting.Chris:He'sboring!Hecouldputtheentirebasketballteamtosleep-duringthechampionshipgame!Whodoyouhaveforeconomics?Nora:Mrs.Jenkins.She'ssmart.Studentsreallylearnalotfromher.Chris:She'stough!Youhavetoworkhardinherclass,oryou'llprobablyfail.Nora:Nopain,no^ain.Chris:Nonsense,YoucouldhavelearnedevenmorewithMr.Sharp.Butnotmanystudentsoptforhisclass.Nora:What'swrongwithhim?Chris:Often,thehighestgradehegivesonatermpaperisC+,andheusuallyfailshalfofthestudentsNora:Nowonderhe'seotthenicknameMr.Shark.Well,howaboutPE?Whatareyoudoingthissemester?Chris:That'stheworstpart.InPE,we'relearningt'aichi.I'mboredtodeath.Nora:Ha-ha!Nottorubsaltintothewound,butourclassisplayingyourfavoritesport:basketball.Chris:Oh...thatfigures!Thisisgoingtobeaterriblesemester.Nora:Thisisgoingtobeagreatsemester!NowYourTYirnSAMPLEDIALOGA:Thehistoryclassisreallyboring.HowamIgoingtostayawake?B:Ilikethehistoryteacher.She'sknowledgeable.Shetoldusalotofinterestinghistoricaleventsinclass.A:BurIfindherboring!Shecouldputtheentirebasketballteamtosleep-duringthechampionshipgame!Whichclassdoyoufinddull?B:Ihatetheeconomicscourse.Theteacheralwaystalksabovemyhead.SoI'velostinterestinthecourse.A:Bureconomicismyfavorite.Theprofessorissmart.Moststudentsreallylearnalotfromhim.B:Buthe'stough!Heexpectsalot.Youhavetoworkhardinhisclass,oryou'llprobablyfail.A:Nopain,nogain.B:Actuallynotmanystudentsoptforhisclass.A:What'swrongwithhim?B:OftenthehighestgradehegivesonatermpaperisB-.Lastseme4stwehefailedmorethanathirdofthestudentsandIwasoneofthem.A:Oh,that'stoobad.B:Well,howdoyoufindyourEnglishteacher?Idon'tthinkmuchofher,either.A:Ifindherkind,alwayswillingtoanswermyquestions;shealwaysgivesmehighmarks.B:You'rerubbingsaltintomywound.Shefailedmelastsemester.

17M0DEL3PublishorperishScriptChris:Tellus,ProfessorGrant,Whatareyourprimarydutiesasaprofessor?ProfessorGrant:Well,Idoalotofresearchandwロting.It'sroughbeinganassociateprofessor.It'spublishorperish.Chris:Soyouspentalotoftimeinyouroffice?ProfessorGrant:Yes,butIalsohavetoprepareclassmotes,givelectures,holdofficehours.Teachingisanimportantpartofbeinsiaprofessor.Chris:Withallthoseresponsibilities,youmustmakealotofmoney.ProfessorGrant:Iwish.Actually,Ispendalotoftomeapplyingfoegrantstofundmyresearch.ThenIcanofferassistantshipsandscholarshipstotheworthygraduate.Chris:Iseewhytheycallyou“theboss”.Butbeingaprofessorsoundsprettycompetitive.ProfessorGrant:Actually,Ithinkyouwereinoneofmyclasses...Chris:Um....Ithinkyou'remistaken,ProfessorGrant!ProfessorGrant:No,Irememberveryclearlynow!Youowemeanessay!Chris:Sorry,IhavetoomuchworktodofortheStudentUnionNewsletter,andIhavetoworktwojobstopayforschool.ProfessorGrant:SoyougetanFinthiscourse.NowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOGA:ProfessorSmith,I'mfromtheStudentUnionnewspaper.Manystudentswanttoknowawesternprofessor'smaindutiesandcomparethemwithaChineseprofessor'sduties.B:Well,Idoalotofresearchandwriting.It'stoughtobeaprofessor.A:Chineseprofessorarealsofacingincreasingpressure,astheyarerequiredtodomoreresearchthanbefore.ProfessorSmith,doyouspendallotoftimeonteaching?B:Yes,Ihavetoprepareclassnotes,givelectures,hostseminar,andholdofficehours.Infact,teachingisanimportantpartofbeingaprofessor,thoughsomeprofessorsbelievethatresearchismoreimportantthanteaching.A:Withallthoseresponsibilities,youmustmakealotofmoney,Isuppose.B:Iwish.Salaryisasensitivetopicinthewest.Letmesaysomethingaboutresearchfunds.ActuallyIspendalotoftimeapplyingforgrantstofundmyresearch.A:Howareyougoingtousethegrants?B:Withthatmoney,Icanofferassistantshipsandscholarshiptograduatestudentswhocanhelpwithmyresearchproject.

18A:NowIseewhytheycallyou"boss".Butbeingaprofessorsoundsprettycompetitive.A:That'strue.Alotofyoungteacherswanttobepromotedtoaprofessorship.A:Whatyousaidhasgivenusafairlyclearpictureofawesternprofessor'sprimaryresponsibilities.Thankyouverymuchforyourtime.B：You'rewelcomeV.LefsTalkScriptHi,everybody.Mytopictodayis"ProblemswithOurEducationalSystem”.TherearealotofthingsinoureducationalsystemthatIdon'tagreewith.Itseemsthateducatorsjustwanttogivestandardizedtests,whichfocusonlyonacademicperformancebutneglectstudents'abilitiesandinterestsinotherareas.Ithinkthere'realotofpeoplewhoareveryintelligent,buthaven'thadtheopportunitiestheycould'vehad,hadtheybeeneducatedinabroader-mindededucationalsystems.Ifeelthatalotofcoursesthatstudentsarefocusedtotakeinhighschoolaretooacademic,and,asaresult,manykidslosttheirinterestinlearning.Educatorshavefailedtorecognizevariouskindsofintelligence.Theyoftenexertalotofpressureonstudentstobeaswell-roundedaspossible.Ithinkbeingwell-roundedisn'treallypossible.Andasaconsequencesomestudentswhoarebelievedtobeintelligentcan'tgetintogoodcollegesifthey,forexample,haven'tscoredwellonthemathsection,eveniftheyatebrilliantwriters.Anotherthingthatdisturbsmeisthattheso-called“weakstudents"areseparatedfromtherestoftheschool.Somekidsarekeptinaseparateclassidtheirgradesarelowerthenothers.Andthey'veveryawareoftheirsocialposition,youknow.Ithinkitcausesthemtoactinawaythatisnotreallypositive.They'rejustactinginawaythattheyareexpectedtoact.Oftentheirgradesgofrombadtoworse.Andthat'sprettysadtome.Ithinkthatmanyofthekidsinthoseclassedareintelligent,butneveractuallyrealizetheirpotentialbecauseofthewaytheyaretreatedveryearlyonintheireducation.ProblemsResultsEducatorsjustwanttogivestandardizedtests.Theyonlyfocusonacademicperfo门nancebutneglectstudents'abilitiesanninterestsinotherareas.Kidsloseinterestinlearning.Educatorsoftenexertalotofpressureonstudentstobeaswell-roundedaspossible.Someintelligentkidscan'tentergoodcolleges."Weak"studentsareseparatedfromtherestoftheschool.Theirgradesgofrombadtoworse.DebateSAMPLEA:ManyadsaboutEnglishclassesforchildrensay,"Don'tletyourkidslosethecompetitionjustbecausetheystartlater."Iquiteagree.Ihearyoungchildrenoftenlearnaforeignlanguagefasterthenadults.

19A:It'shardtosay.Kidsmaylearnthepronunciationbetterthanadults,butadultsusuallylearnvocabularyandgrammarfaster.A:Youcanlearnvocabularyandgrammarlateron;butwhenyougrowup,youcanhardlychangeyourpronunciation.B:Butiftheylearnthewrongpronunciationfromthebeginning?Iftheydon'tlearnEnglishwhentheyareyoungintherightway,it'llaffecttheirEnglishstudiesA:Anyway,somegoodor"key"schoolsgiveEnglishteststokidsbeforeadmittingthem.B:Englishisimportant,burothersubjectslikeChineseandmathateequallyimportant.IfkidsspendtoomuchtimeonEnglish,theyhavelittletimeleftforothersubjects.A:Somepeoplesaythatlearningaforeignlanguagecanhelpdevelopchildren'smentalabilitiessuchasmemory,attentionspanandconcentration,whichwilleofhelpinlearningothersubjects.B:Buttoomuchtimeforstudyingandtoolittleleftforplaying,children'smoralandphysicaldevelopmentwillbeaffected.A:Well,it'sdifficultformetoconvinceyou,andviceversa.Let'sagreetodisagree.VI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingTaskl:HarvardUniversityScriptHarvardUniversityistheoldestinstituteofhighestlearninginherUnitedStates.Founded16yearsafterthearrivalofthePilgrimatPlymouth,theuniversityhasgrownfrom9studentswithasinglemastertothepresentenrollmentofmorethan18,000students,includingundergraduatesandstudentsin10graduateandprofessorschools.Over14,000peopleworkatHarvard,includingmorethan2,000faculties.HarvardhasproducessixpresidentsoftheUnitedStatesand34Noelwinners.Duringitsearlyyears,HarvardofferedaclassicacademiccoursebasedonthemodelofEnglishuniversities,butconsistentwiththeprevailingPuritanphilosophy.AlthoughmanyofitsgraduatesbecameministersinPuritanchurchthroughoutNewEngland,theuniversityneverformallyaffiliatedwithaspecificreligiousgroup.UnderPresidentPusey(1953-1971),Harvardstartedwhatwasthenthelargestfund-raisingcampaigninthehistoryofAmericanhighereducation.Itwasan82.5milliondollarprogramfortheuniversity.Theprogramincreasedfacultysalaries,broadenedstudentaid,creatednewprofessorships,andexpandedHarvard'sphysicalfacilities.NeilL.RudenstinetookofficeasHarvard's26thpresidentin1001.Aspartofanoverallefforttoachievegreatercoordinationamongtheuniversity'sschoolandfaculties,RudenstineencouragedacademicplanningandidentifiedsomeofHarvard'smainintellectualpriorities.Healsostressedtheimportantoftheuniversity'sexcellenceinundergraduateeducation,thesignificanceofkeepingHarvard'sdoorsopentostudentsfromfamiliesofdifferenteconomicbackgrounds,thetaskofasapingtheresearch

20universitytoaneraofbothrapidinformationgrowthandseriousfundshortage.6.Whatismainideaofthepassage?7.HowmanyteachersdidHarvardhaveattheverybeginning?8.WhatwastheroleofreligionatHarvardUniversitywasduringisearlyyears?9.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasanachievementofPresidentPusey'sfund-raisingprogram?10.WhatdidPresidentRudenstinedo?Keys:l.B2.A3.C4.D5.DTask2:TheFinalExamScriptAtauniversity,therewerefoursophomorestakingachemistrycourse.Theyweredoingsowellonallthequizzes,midterms,labs,thateachhad"A"sofarforthesemester.Thesefourfriendsweresoconfidentthatontheweekendbeforefinals,theydecidedtogouptotheUniversityofVirginiaandpartywithsomefriendsthere.Theyhadagreattime,butafteralltheheartypartying,theysleptalldaySundayanddidn'tmakeitbacktoschooluntilearlyMondaymorning.Ratherthantakingthefinalthen,theydecidedtofindtheirprofessorafterthefinalexamandexplaintohimwhytheymissedit.Theyexplainedthattheyhadplannedtocomebackintimeforthefinalexam,but,unfortunately,theyhadaflattireonthewavback,didn'thaveaspare,andcouldn'tgethelpforalongtime.Asaresult,theymissedthefinal.Theprofessorthoughtitoverandthenagreedtheycouldmakeupthefinalthefollowingday.Theguyswererelievedandelated.Thenextday,theprofessorplacedtheminseparateroom,handeachofthematestbooklet,andtoldthemtobegin.Theytookatthefirstproblem,worthfivepoints.Itwasasimplequestiononachemicalreaction."Cool,“theythoughtatthesametime,eachoneinhisseparateroom,"Thisisgoingtobeeasy."Eachfinishedtheproblemandthenturnedthepage.Onihesecondpagewasaqueslionworlh95poinls:、、Whichofihelireswasflal?”

21Task3：ApplyingforaplaceinanAmericanUniversityScriptInternationalstudentsoftenunderestimatetheamountoftimerequiredtoapplyforadmissiontoacollegeoruniversityintheUnitedStates.Youshouldavoidthismistakebysettingyourselfaschedulethatstartswellinadvanceofthetimeyouhopetobeginyourstudies.Whensettingthistimetable,alwaysrememberthatdoingthingsearlyisthebestwayforward.Tofindtheinstitutionorprogramthatwillbestserveyouracademicorprofessionalgoals,allowyourselfsufficienttimetoresearchthoroughlyyouroptions.Thenmeettheapplicationdeadlinesoftheuniversitytowhichyouapply.Thesemaybeasmuchas10monthsbeforetheschoolterm.TheneedforanearlystartholdstrueevenifyoucanapplyontheInternet.UniversitywebsitesandotheracademicInternetsitesmayprovidequickandconvenientaccesstotherequiredapplicationforms,butyoustillneedtimetoresearchyouroptions,contactteachersandinstitutionstoobtainrecommendationandtranscriptsofacademicrecords,andsignupforrequiredentranceexams,thatis,standardizedtests,intimetomeetapplicationdeadlines.Infact,althoughsomestudentsdidscorehighonTOEFLandGRE,theywerenotadmittedbecausetheyfailedtomeetthedeadline.ForReference:1.Theyoftenunderestimatetheamountoftimerequired.2.Theymustallowthemselvessufficienttimetoresearchthoroughlytheiroptions3.Theymayprovidequickandconvenientaccesstotherequiredapplicationforms.4.Theystillneedtimetoresearchyouroptions,contactteachersandinstitutionstoobtainrecommendationandtranscriptsofacademicrecords,andsignupforrequiredentranceexams,thatis,standardizedtests.5.Becausetheyfailedtomeetthedeadline.NewsReportPrinceWilliaminChileScriptWhatgoesintoaprince'seducationtoday?ForBritain'sPrinceWilliam,natureplayedanimportantroleinhiseducationthislastwinter,asthefuturekingwentona10-week

22expeditioninChilewithRaleighInternational.Theexperiencewasaverydifferentonefortheprince.HekayakedinoceanQords,trackedararedeer,andwasstrandedonabeachduringastorm.Healsogotusedtosleepingontheground-attimesinaroomfilledwith16people—andlivinginsimpleconditions.Thosewhotookpart,called“volunteers”,bothcontributedandlearned.Theprincehelpedlocalsbuildwoodedwalkwaysandbuildings,andtaughtEnglishtoschoolchildren.Hewasdescribedbyothervolunteersashardworking,humble,andlaid-back.Asonesaid,"Hestruckareallygoodbalancebetweenworkinghardandhavingfun...gettingonwitheveryone,andtakingontheteamspirit."Theprincesaidhelikedbeingtreatedasan"equal"byothervolunteer,whocamefromallwalksoflife.Around20percentwerefromproblembackgrounds,somehavinghadtroubleswithdrugsorcrime.Itseemsthatthere'salotmoretoeducationthanuniversityandbooks,andtheChileanforestsandalittlecontactwithregularpeoplemaydoalotofaBritishprince.Uint3II.BasicListeningPractice5.ScriptM:Amy,sitdown,weneedtotalk.YourmotherandIaregoingtoseparate.W:What!Areyoucrazy?Youcan'tdothat!Whatwillmyfriendssay?Ijustwanttohaveanormalfamily.Q:Whatisthegirlsaying?6.ScriptM:Goodevening,Mrs.Jones.Themanagersentyoutheserosesandhisbestwishestoyoubothforahappyanniversary.W:Thankyou.Weliketheroomandtheservicehere,andweespeciallyappreciatethemanager'sconsideration/Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?3.ScriptW:WhileI'mscramblingtheeggs,couldyouputtheflourintothebowl?M:Youbet,darling.I'llalsoturntheovenonsothatitgetswarmedup.Q:Wheredoesthisconversationprobabletakeplace?4.ScriptW:Ihaveaveryimportantmeetingtonight,andI'mafraidIcan'tmissit.M:Butthiseveningistheparents'meetingatschool,andIwasexpectingyou'dcometoit.OK,I'llphoneDad,maybeheandhisgirlfriendwillcome.Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?

233.ScriptWl:Soyou'restillsingle?Ifyou'dlistentomeandusedtheInternet,you'dhaveahusbandbynow.W2:IdidusetheInternet.Ipostedanadthatread"HusbandWanted".Thereweredozensofe-mailresponses.Buttheyallsaidprettymuchthesamething:Youcanhavemine.Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?Keys:1.C2.A3.B4.C5.DIII.ListeningInTaskl:ReasonsforaDivorceScriptW:I'mdivorcingmyhusband.M:Howlonghaveyoubeenmarried?W:Thirteenyears.M:Doyouhavechildren?W:Yes,andIhavetoprotectthemfromanymoreharmfrommyhusband'sirresponsibilityM:So,whatareyourgroundsfordivorce?W:Well,firstofall,hekeepschangingjobs.We'vehadmovedfourtimesinthirteenyears!M:And,youbelievethatwillbegoodgroundsfordivorce?W:Idohavearighttostabilityformychildrenandmyself,don'tI?M:Aren'ttheyhischildren,too?W:Butmyhusbandisn'tfulfillinghisduties!M:Ishepayingthebills?W:Well,yes,butwejustlivearoundthepovertyline.Ourkidsarebeingteasedbyotherkidsatschoolbecausewecan'tdressthemingoodclothes!Wehavetoliveinasmalldepartmentanddriveanoldcar!M:Doesthecarrun?W:Yes,butitlooksOLD!M:Doyouyellathimandcallhimnames?W:Well,heyellsatme!M:So,thosearethereasonstonothonoryourhusband.Areyougoingtogivehimjointcustodyinthisdivorce?W:No,justvisitationrights.

24M:Why?W:Becausethelawpermitsmeto.M:And,whataboutthefinancialdemandsofthisdivorce?W:I'mdemandinghalfofallwehave,whichisn'tmuch,andlargesupportpayments.Afterthirteenyearsmarriage,thewomanwantstodivorceherhusband,claimingheisirresponsible.Whenaskedforthespecificgroundsfordivorce,shegivesthesereasons:First,hekeepschangingjobs,andthefamilyhashadtomovefourtimesinthirteenyears,butshewantsstabilityforherchildrenandherself.Second,althoughheispayingthebills,theyjustlivearoundthepovertyline.Herchildrenarebeingteasedbyotherchildrenfornotdressinggoodclothes.Also,theyhadtoliveinasmallapartmentanddriveanoldcar,thoughitstillruns.Worsestill,thehusbandyellsather,thoughsheadmitsshealsoyellathimandcallshimnames.Asforthedivorcearrangements,thewomanwillgivethehusbandonlyvisitationrightsinsteadofjointcustody.Moreover,thewomanwilldemandhalfofalltheyhaveandlargesupportpayments.Task2:Whatfour-letterwords?ScriptDorothywastheonlychildofherfamily,bornwhenherparentsweremid-aged.Theyspoiledherbadly.Attheageof33shestilllivedathome.Hermotherandfathertreatherlikeaprincess.Sheseemedperfectlycontentwiththatsituation,soherfriendsweresurprisedwhensheannouncedshewouldsoongetmarried.Peoplewhoknewherwellsaidthemarriagewouldn'tlastlong.Butforthepresent,sheandhernewhusbandapproachedhappy.Assoonasthenewlycouplereturnedfromtheirhoneymoon,thebridecalledhermother.“Howdoeseverythinggo?"hermotherasked.“Oh,Mom,"shebegan,"thehoneymoonwaslovely!Soromantic!Wehadawonderfultime.Butonourback,Bobstartedusingterriblelanguage.StuffI'dneverheardbefore.Reallyawfulfour-letterwords.You'vegottocomegetmeandtakemehome.Please,Mom!"thenewbridesobbedoverthetelephone."But,honey,"themotherasked,"Whatfour-letterwords?""Ican'ttellyou,Mom.They'retooawful!Comegetme,please!""Darling,youmusttellmewhathasupsetyousomuch.Tellmewhatfour-letterwordsheused."Stillsobbing,thebridesaid,"Mom,wordslikedust,wash,iron,andcook."Keys:FTFFT

25Task3:AWomanWhoChoseNottoRemarryScriptAfter17yearsofmarriage,myhusbandleftmeformybestfriend,Monica.WhatIhadfearedmostbecamereality:Ibecamethesingleparentoftwoyoungchildren.Mydaughtergrewincreasinglyunhappy.Seven-year-oldJoannahadanxietyattackswhenevershewasleftalonefbrmorethanafewminutes.Five-year-oldSophiewouldvomiteverymeal.Underthepsychologicalpressure,1thoughtaboutremarriage.Myfriendsarrangeddinnerwithsinglemenandinvitedmetopartiestomeetthelatest"someonespecial".ButlaterIchangedmymind.Acolleagueofminesaid,"Secondmarriagesusuallyendindivorce,andchildrenaredestroyedbyit.”Thereissometruthinhiswords.Researchpublishedin2004showedthatchildreninblendedfamilieswerenomoreemotionallyhealthythanthoseinsingle-parentfamilies.Notlongago,mynow-teenagedaughterandIwenttolunchatourfavoriteItalianrestaurant.Whileeating,wetalkedaboutafriendofourswhowasdivorcinghersecondhusband.Wewereworriedabouthowthebreakwouldharmherthreechildren,twoofwhomwerestrugglingtogetfreeofdrugs.Joannaputdownherforkandlookedatme."Mom,I'mgladyoudidn'tremarry,"shesaid.uIfyouhaddivorcedagain,Imighthavetrieddrugsorevenconsidersuicide."Atthatmoment,Irealized,onceagain,thatsinglenesswasrightchoiceforme.11.Whatwasthespeakermostafraidof?12.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?13.Whatdidthespeaker'scolleaguesay?14.Whichofthefollowingistrue?15.Ifthespeakerhaddivorcedagain,whatmightherdaughter,Joanna,havedone?Kes:1C2.A3.B4.B5.BIV.SpeakingOutMODEL1Isyouthwastedontheyoung?Amy:I'dliketotalktoyou,sostopwhatyou'redoingforaminute.Bill:Whatisit,Amy?I'mhavingahectictimeworkingonthisreportfortomorrow'smeeting.Amy:Well,you'realwaysprettybusy,andit'sbeenmorefiveyears,almostsix,sinceweweremarried.Bill:Yes,timehasgonesofast,butthey'vebeengoodyears.Amy:Iknow,butIwanttohaveababy—Iwantustohaveababy.

26Bill:Iknowyoudo.Butremember,wesaidwe'dwaituntilwecouldaffordit.Amy:Butfiveyearsisalongtimetowait.Anyway,it'slongenough.Bill:I'mthisclosetogettingapromotion.Amy:Whathasthatgottodowithit?Wecouldwaitforeverifwewaitforthe"perfect"moment.Soonwe'llbetoooldtoenjoyinghavingababy.Bill:Youknow,youhaveagoodpoint.Thisreportcanwait.I'lldoittomorrowmorning.Let'sopenabottleofwineandenjoyourselves.NowYourTYirnSAMPLEDIALOGA:I'vegotsomethingimportanttotellyou:I'mpregnant.B:What?You'repregnant?Wow,Tdlovetohaveababy.A:Well,Iunderstandyouwanttobeafather.It'sbeenmorethanthreeyears,almostfour,sinceweweremarried.B:Yes,timehaspassedsoquickly,butwestilldidn'thaveababy.A:Iknow,butwecan'taffordtohaveonenow.IfIleavemyjobformorethantwoweeks,I'llloseitforever.B:Iknowyouwill.Butremember,ifwedon'thaveonenow,it'llbetoolate.We'llbebusierinfuture.A:Thereissomethinginwhatyousaid.Fouryearsisalongtimetowait.ButIreallylikemyjob.What'smore,I'mveryclosetogettingpromotion.B:Butababybornebyawomaninher30smaybephysicallyandintellectuallylesshealthy.Ifwewantedtoholdontoyourjob,wewouldwaitforever.Soonwe'llbetoooldtoenjoyababy.A:Youreallyhaveapoint.I'llchoosethebabyoverthejob.B:Good,I'lltryhardertomakebothendsmeetMODEL2SomanypeopleintheUnitedStatesgetdivorced!ScriptKim:HiAmy.Amy:Hi!Lookatthisheadline,Kim.Kim:Wow!SomanypeopleintheUnitedStates》etdivorced!Amy:Butthisisnotuncommoninwest.Insomeplaces,thedivorceratucanbeashighas50percent.Kim:ItseemsstrangetomethatWesternersfallheadheelsinlovequickly,ifnotatfirstsight;buttheyalsoleaveeachotherquickly.Amy:Isilthesameinyourcountry?Kim:Idon'tthinkso.Inmycountry,somemarriagesbreakun,butmostcouplesstay

27together.Amy:Dopeoplegetma门iedyoung?Kim:Notreally.Notmanypeoplegetmarriedbeforetheageof20.Amy:Hmm.Dowomanusuallyworkaftertheygetmarried?Kim:No,alotofwomenstayhometotakecareoftheirfamilies.Butmorewomenworknow.NowYourTYirnSAMPLEDIALOGA:ItseemsstrangetomethatWesternersfallheadheelsinlovequickly,buttheyalsoleaveeachotherquickly.B:Isitthesamewhereyoulive?A:Idon'tthinkso.Inmycountry,mostcouplesstaytogether.B:Whatisthedivorcerateinyourhomeland?A:Thedivorceratecanbeaslowas10percent.B:That'squitelowerthaninourcountry.A:Well,what'sthedivorcerateinyourcountry?C:About50percent,ifI'mnotmistaken.A:Oh,that'sreallyhigh!D:Dopeoplegetmarriedyoung?A:Notreally.Notmanypeoplegetmarriedbeforetheageof22.B:Manyofouryoungpeoplegetmarriedbefore20.Isitcommonforwomeninyourcountrytoworkaftertheymarry?A:Yes,mostwivesworkevenafterthey'vegotababy.B:Inmycountry,alotofwivesstayhometolookaftertheirfamilies.MODEL3WhynothavebothourparentshereforChristmas?ScriptAmy:Youknow,Christmasiscoming.AndIhaven'tseenDadforages-healwayshassuchgreatstoriestotell.Bill:Iknowwewenttmyfolks'lastyear,butmyMom'sbeen匹ettysick.ThismightbeherlastChristmas.Amy:She'sbeenill,butdon'texaggerate.Youjustdon'tlikemymother.That'swhyyoudon'twanttogotomyparentsBill:She'sneverlikedme.NeverthoughtIwasgoodenoughforyou.Amy:Well,you'renot...Butseriously,Mom'snotsosad.She'sjustgotathickskinandlikestohideherfeelings

28Bill:Idon'tthinkso.Amy:WhynothaveourbothfamilieshereforChristmas?Bill:Thatwouldmaketwenty-twoofusifweinvitedeverybody.Amy:Whynotjusthaveourparentshereforしhnstmas?Bill:Goodidea.Justdon'tsitmenexttoyourmother.NowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOGA:Youknow,theSpringFestiveiscoming,andwehavetoconsiderwheretohavetheSpringFestiveEvedinner.B:Whathaveyougotinmind?A:SinceI'vebeenbusy,Ihaven'tseenmomforquitesometime—she'salwaysbeensokindtous.B:Iknowwewenttmyfolks'lastyear,butmymom'sbeensick.Sheneedscomfort.A:Myparentsalsoneedcompany.IfIdon'thavetheSpringFestiveEvedinnerwiththemfortwoyearsrunning,theywillbeextremelydisappointed.Asamatteroffact,mymomisalreadyblamingmeforneglectingthem.B:Whatcanwedothen?A:Letmethink.Whynotinviteourparentshereforthedinner?B:Buttheylivesofarawayfromus.It'sinconvenientforoldpeople.A:Thenwecaninvitefourofthemtoarestaurantnearthem.B:Good,idea.Onthenextmorningwecanvisitbothourparents.A:Anddon'tforgettobringgifts.V.LefsTalkScriptIfyouwantmetotellyouwhyIremarried,that'smystory.RemarriedisthelastthingI'dconsiderfortwoyearsaftermydivorce.Ihadheardaboutthehighrateofremarriagefailure.Moreimportantly,Iwonderedhowremarryingwouldaffectmy1O-year-oldson.MyheartachedwhenIsawmysondrawapictureofhimself,myex-wifeandmeholdinghands,withsadnessonourfaces.Sincemyparentshavemarriedanddivorceeighttimesaltogether,IhopemysonwouldnothavetogothroughthesamepainIhadexperienced.Asaresult,myprimaryfocusafterdivorcewasmyrelationshipwithmysonJohn,notfindingawife.Astimewentby,mysongraduallygrewup,andhebecameofmylonelinessandanxiety.Onedayheaskedmetoconsiderdating.Thefirsttimerhesaidthis,Iignoredhim.Thesecondtimehebroughtitup,Ireconsideredmyreservationsaboutdating.IbegantodateMaria.Asourrelationshipdevelopedoverthefollowingyear,Iwasconcernedaboutmysonwouldactuallyrespond

29toher.Atfirst,John'saffectionforMariawaslukewarm.Forinstance,hewouldhugher,buttheactseemedmechanical.Butafterseveraltimes,hewarmeduptoher.Seeingthatthetimewasripe,IaskedMariatomarryme.Sheaccepted,soourfamilyoftwosmoothlybecameafamilyofthree.Thinkingback,Ibelievemyremarryingwastherightchoice.Somesingle-parentsarestillhesitantaboutremarrying.Nowthatyou'veheardmystory,Ihopeyouwon'thesitateandletgoldenopportunitiesslipthroughyourfingers.

30ChangesintheSpeaker'sAttitudetoRemarriageReasonsorDetailedDescriptionFortwoyearsaftermydivorce,remarriagewasthelastwordI'dconsider.1.Highrateofremarriagefailure.2.Remarriagewouldaffectmyson.①Hedrewapictureofihethreeofus.②Myparentsmarriedanddivorcedeighttimesand1hopemysonwouldhavenosuchpain.(3)Myprimaryfocuswasmyson,notawife.Iignoredmyson'ssuggestionthatIconsiderdating.Hegrewupandbecameconsciousofmylonelinessandanxiety.IreconsideredmreservationabouldatingandbegantodateMariaThesecondtimehebroughttheissueup.Iwasconcernedaboutmyson'srespondtoher.Atfirsthisaffectionforherwaslukewarm:hishugwasmechanical;butseveralmonthslaterhewarmeduptoher.IaskedMariatomarrymeandsheaccepted.Seeingtimewasripe.OurfamilyoftwobecameafamilyofIbelievemyremarryingwastherightchoice.three.DebateSAMPLEA:OnthewholeIdon'tsupportremarriage.Toomanyremarriageshaveturnedouttobeunsuccessfulandendindivorce.B:Ifyousaymanyremarriageshavefailed,thatmeansotherremarriageshavesurvived,orevenbloomed.Weshouldnotonlylookatthedarkoftheissue.A:Butthere'retoomanyfactorscontributetothefailureofasecondmarriage.Forexample,asyoubecomeolder,youmayfinditincreasinglydifficulttoadjusttoadifferentpatternoflifewithanewmate.Oncethere'saconflictneitheriswillingtogivein.B:There'reconflictseverywhere,butyoushouldnotneglectthatanadulthaspsychologicalandphysicalneeds.Withoutacompanion,onemayfeellonelyandanxious.A:Inanewfamilythehusbandtendstocomparehisnewwife'sweakpointwithhis

31ex-wife9sstrongpoint.Andthewifedoesthesame.A:Iwishyou'dseenthefilmTheSoundofMusic.ThegovernessMariablendedsosmoothlyintotheCaptain'sfamily.A:Itisnoteasyforchildrentoacceptthenewmotherorfather.Itissimplyimpossibleforthemtoforgettheirbirth-mother'slovingcareandthehappymomentsintheirchildhood.B:ButhowhappyaretheCaptain'ssevenchildrenwiththeiradoptedmotherMaria!Ifthenewmothershowsgenuinecareforthekids,theywillgraduallywarmtoher.Ontheotherhand,manychildreninasingle-parentfamilyareunderpsychologicalpressureandsufferfromanxietyattack.So,thesinglelifeisnottherightchoice.VI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingTaskl:EarlyMarriageScriptAttheageof12,Lisahasbeenmarriedforthreeyearstoayoungmanshemetjustafterfinishingsecondaryschool.Hetreatedherwell.Shealmostdiedduringthebirthoftheirfirstchild,bomayearaftertheirmarriage.Thesecondchild,born18monthslater,wasalsoagirl.Latelysheandherhusbandquarrelfrequently.Shewantstogotovocationalschooltolearnskillstoaddtothefamilyincome,buthismotherinsistsshestayhomeandproduceason.Thisexampleisbynomeansexceptional.Earlymarriageiscommoninmanypartsoftheworld.Earlymarriageleadstoearlymotherhood.Insomedevelopingcountries,20percentoroverhalfofthewomengivebirthtotheirfirstchildbeforetheageof18.Expectationsfromparents,in-lawsandsocietyaretoproduceachildassoonaspossible.Manyyoungwivesfeelpressuretobearson.Thistypicallyresultsinearlyandfrequentpregnancies.Indevelopingcountries,morethanhalfamillionwomendieeveryyearfromcausesrelatedtopregnancy.Therearefourimportantreasonsforthesedeaths.Birthareeither“toosoon,tooclose,toomany,ortolate''.Accordingtostatistics,itisyoungwomenwhomostdieduringpregnancy.11.AtwhatagedidLisagivebirthtoherfirstchild?12.WhatdoesLisawant?13.Whydowomeninsomedevelopingcountrieshavebabiesearly?14.Whatarethereasonswomendiefromchildbirth?15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Keys:LB2.D3.A4.D5.C

32Task2:NuclearFamilyLivingPatternsScriptAnuclearfamilyistypicalinhigh-industrializedsocieties.Beginningintheearly20thcentury,thetwo-parentfamilyknownasthenuclearfamilywasthepredominantAmericanfamilytype.Generallychildrenlivewiththeirparentsuntiltheygoawaytoacollegeoruniversity,oruntiltheyacquiretheirownjobsandmoveintotheirownapartmentorhome.Intheearlymid-20"century,thefamilytypicallywasthesolewageearner,andthemotherwasthechildren'sprinciplecaregiver.Today,oftenbothparentsholdjobs.Dual-earnerfamiliesareihepredominamtypefo「伉milieswithchildrenintheUnitedStates.Increasingly,oneoftheparentshasanon-standardshift;thatis,ashiftthatdoesnotstartinthemorningandendinlaterafternoon.Inthesefamilies,oneoftheparentsmanagesthechildrenwhiletheotherworks.Priortoschool,adequatedaycareofchildrenisnecessaryfordual-earnerfamilies.Inrecentyears,manyprivatecompaniesandhome-baseddaycarecentershavesprungupfulfillthisneed.Increasingly,acompanv'sarrangementofdavcareaswellasgovernmentassistancetoparentsrequiringdaycareisoccurring.Task3：TheyarecomingforChristmas,ScriptAmaninPhoenixcallshissoninNewYorkthedaybeforeChristmasandsays,"Ihatetoruinyourday,butIhavetotellyouthatyourmomandIaredivorcing,Forty-fiveyearsofmiseryisenough.“Dad,whatareyoutalkingabout?”thesonscreams."Wecan'tstandthesightofeachotheranylonger,"thefathersays."We'resickofeachother,andI'msickoftalkingaboutthis,soyoucallyoursisterinChicagoandtellher.”Frantic,thesoncallshissister,whoexplodesonthephone.“Oh,heck,they'regettingdivorced,^^sheshouts."I'Htakecareofthis."Losingnotime,shecallherfatherandscreamsathim,“Youarenotgettingdivorced.Don'tdoasinglethinguntilIgetthere.I'mcallingmybrotherback,andwe'llbothbetheretomorrow.Untilthen,don'tdoanything!DOYOUHEARME?''Thenshequicklyhangsup.Theoldmanhangsuphisphoneandheavesasighofrelief.Heturnstohiswifeandsaysmerrily,"Okay,theyarecomingbackforChristmasandpayingtheirownway.''

33ForReference:1.Heandtheboy'smotheraredivorcing.2.Forty-fiveyearsofmiseryisenough.Theycan'tstandthesightofeachotheranylonger.They'resickofeachother.3.Hegetsfranticandcallshissister.4.Theywillcomebackhomeandstoptheparentsfromdivorcing.5.Heishappy,forhissonanddaughterwillcomebackforChristmasandpavetheirownway.NewsReportPrinceMorePreciousThantheDiamondScriptPeoplehavelongknownthesayingdiamonds!areagirl'sbestfriend."Butthismaybechanging.There'sanewstoneonthegemmarket,tanzanite,anditisgivingdiamondssomeseriouscompetition.TanzanitewasoneofanumberofgemsdiscoveredinEastAfricainthe1960s.Thenewcolorsandvarietieschangedthegemmarket.Buttherealgemamongthesestoneswastanzanite,discoveredin1967inTanzania.ThestonewasnamedafteritscountryoforiginbyNewYork'sTiffanyandCo.whichintroducedittotheworld.Itdrawsone'sattentionquicklywithitscolor-blue,purpleorbronze,dependingonthedirectionitisviewedfrom.Moreimportantforitsvalue,though,isitsrarity.Tanzanitehasbeenfoundinonlyonesmallarea,nearMountKilimanjaro,inTanzania.Anditssupplywillprobablybefullyminedinthenexttwodecades.Asoneminingofficialputsit"Itshouldneverhavereallyoccurredinthefirstplace.Itdidoccur.Andonlythisonedepositonthisentireplanetthatisknown...makesitmorethanathousandtimesrarerthandiamonds.Andcertainlywithinthenext15to20years,therewillbenomoretanzanitetobemined.”Thecurrentvalueofthetanzanitemarket,atU.S.$10billion,isequivalenttothatofdiamonds.Andsoanothersaying"Diamondsareforever“maylosesomeofitsmeaning.Uint4ILBasicListeningPractice7.ScriptM:Didyoupickupthepaperformetoday?Ireallywanttocheckthejobvacancies.W:Iknow,it'soverthere.There'snotmuchhappenthough.Ihadalookalready.MaybeyoushouldlookontheNetinstead.

34Q:Whatisthemanlookingfor?7.ScriptM:Youdon'thaveenoughexperienceorqualificationsforthisrole.Whatmakesyoubelieveyoucouldhandletheposition?W:I'mafastlearnerandenjoylearningonthejob.Mynaturalskillslieinthisarea,andI'mconfidentthatIcouldhandlethechallenge.Givenachance,Iwouldprovemyself.Q:Whatisthewomansaying?3.ScriptM:Couldyouhelpmewithmyresume?Janesaidyou'regoodwiththesethings,andIreallyneedsomeonetoeditit.It'swaytoolong.W:Sure,noproblem,giveItome.Agoodresumeshouldbenomorethanonepage,youknow.Anditshouldlistyouexperienceinreversechronologicalorder.Icanseewe'vegotsomeworktodo!Q:Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheconversation?4.ScriptM:Couldyoutellmewhyyouwouldliketoworkforourcompany?W:Well,ithasagoodreputationasanemployer,anditsproductsarequitepopularinthemarketplace.Iwouldfeelproudtoworkforacompanylikethisandtocontributeagreatdealtoitssuccess.Q:Whydoesthewomanapplyforthejob?5.ScriptW:Wheredoyouseeyourselfinfiveyears'time?M:Iaimtohavebeenpromotedtoseniormanagerattheveryleast.I'mveryambitiousandwanttoclimbupthecareerladderasfastaspossible.Idon'twanttofeelmiserableonthefirstrunginfiveyears'time,watchingeverybodyaboveme.Q:Whatdoesthemanwantinfieyears?Keys:1.C2.D3.A4.C5.BIII.ListeningInTask1:Tellmeaboutyourself.ScriptM:Tellmealittleaboutyourself.W:rmfromGuilinCity.M:Whatbroughtyoutotheeastcoast?W:IcametoQingdaotoattendcollege.I'mimpressedbythiscity'sdynamiceconomy.I'vecometoloveitsomuchthatI'vedecidedtostayandworkhere.M:Whatworkexperiencedoyou?W:Iworkedasaninternforasmallshippingcompany.Andmyprimaryresponsibilities

35weretomaintainthecompany'stieswiththeexistingcustomersandtrytofindnewcargosources.M:Andwhatdidthatexperienceteachyou?W:Ilearnedthatcommunicationskillsareextremelyimportant.TheknowledgeIacquiredfromtextbooksisindeed,butitisequallyessentialtobeabletopersuadeapotentialclientttotrustyou.M:Howwouldyourformeremployerdescribeyou?W:Hetoldmethatmyabilitytofindonecustomerafteranotherwasanassettothecompany.Hethankedmeformyloyalty.Healsoappreciatedmyteamasshowninmycooperationwithmycolleague.M:Youseemverymatureforyourage.AndIseefromyourresumethatyouareverygoal-oriented.W:Thankyou.IbelieveI'veacquiredmanygoodqualitiesfrommyparents.They'remyrolemodels.However,IknowIstillhavealottolearn.ThewomanwentfromGuilinCitytotheeastcoastcityofQingdaotoattendcollege.Shewasimpressedbythelatter'sdynamiceconomy.Nowshiisbeinginterviewedforajob.Shesayssheonceworkedasaninternforasmallshippingcompanytomaintainthecompany'stieswiththeexistingcustomersandtrytofindnewcargosources.Thereshelearnedtheimportanceofcommunicationskills.Shehasrealizedthatbookknowledgeisindeednecessary,butitisequallyessentialtopersuadepotentialclientstotrusther.Herformeremployersaidherabilitytofindcustomerswasanassettothecompany.Heappreciatedtheloyaltyandteamspirit.Theinterviewerfindshermatureforherageandverygoal-oriented.Andshebelievesthatshehasacquiredmanygoodqualitiesformherparents,butstillhasalottolearn.Task2:AWorkQualificationTestScriptMurphyappliesforanengineeringpositionatanIrishfirmbasedinDublin.AnAmericanappliedforthesamejob.Quitebycoincidence,thetwoamplifications,andwereaskedtotakethesametestbythemanageroftheHumanResourceDepartment.Uponcompletionofthetest,bothmenmissedonlyoneofthequestions.ThemanagerwenttoMurphyandsaid,“Thankyouforyourinterest,butwe'vedecidedtogivetheAmericanthejob."Bewilderedbythemanager'sdecision,Murphyasked,"Whywouldyoubedoingthat?Webothgotninequestionscorrect.ThisbeingIrelandandmebeingIrish,Ishouldgetthejob!"Themangeransweredcalmly,“Wehavemadeourdecisionsbasedonthecorrectanswers,butonthequestionyoumissed."Unconvincedandsomewhatindignant,Murphyquestion,uAndjusthowwouldoneincorrectanswerbebetterthantheother?"Themanager'smasertookhimbysurprise,€4Simple,onQuestionNo.5,theAmericanputdown'Idon't'know',andyouputdown'NeitherdoI'."

36Keys:FTTTFTForReference1.Hemadehisdecisionbasedonthewronganswerstotheonequestiononemissed,ratherthanonthecorrectanswers.2.Bywriting"NeitherdoI",itseemsthatMurphycopiedtheAmericanansweronthetest.Task3:AGuidetoaSuccessfulJobInterviewScriptTherearetimesthatyouwillbeaskedahardquestionduringajobinterview.Don'tpanic,theyjustwanttoseehowyouhandleadifficultsituation.Beingpreparedisalwaysthebestpolicy.Herearesomesamplesofquestionsandsomeadviceonhowtohandlethemproperly.Whyshouldwechooseyou?Tothisquestion,youcanaskyourselfwhyyouapplied,whatmakesyousuitableforthisquestion,whatthecompanycangainfromhiringyou,whatyouhavetooffer,howyouwouldhandlethisjib,etc.Oftentheyaskyoutotellthemaboutyourself.Youcansplityouranswerintotwo,theprofessionalandthepersonallevel.Bothareimportant,andhowyoumovefromonetotheotherdependsonwhatyouhavetosay.Youcangiveabriefsummaryofyourlife,professionalandpersonal,withlessemphasisontheearlypast,andmoreemphasisonthepresentandthefuture.Whenasked“Whatareyourweakness?”,don'tsay,"Idon'thaveany."Everyonehasweakness,andittakessomethingpositivelike,haven'thadalotofexposureontheon-sitework,butI'mlookingforwardtobeingmoreinvolvedindealingwithcustomersdirectlyandlearningtheirneeds."Anothercommonquestionis:"Whatareyourstrengths?"Youshouldcustomizeyouranswertomeetthepositionrequirement.Keepinmindthethingstheyaskedforintheadvertisement.Tellthemyourstrengths,butalsoshowthemhowtheyhowtheywouldapplytothisjob.Toshowhowyourstrengthswerevaluable,usethe"Why,where,when,how"todemonstrateandproveyourstrengths.16.Whatisthepassagemainlyconcernedwith?17.WhatdoesthespeakerNOTmentionasananswertothequestion,"Whyshouldwechooseyou?"?18.Whatdoesthespeakersayyoushouldstresswhenintroducingyourself?19.WhatdoesthespeakeradviceyouNOTtosaywhenasked,"Whatareyour

37weaknesses?"16.Whatshouldyousaywhenaskedaboutyourstrongpoints?Kes:1C2.C3.B4.A5.DForReference"Whyshouldwechooseyou?","Tellmeaboutyourself.","Whatareyourweaknesses?",and"Whatareyourstrength?"IV.SpeakingOutMODEL1Canyougivemesometipsabouthowtogetagoodjob?Susan:John,canyougivemesometipsabouthowtogetagoodjob?John:Didyougotothejobfairsandmeetwithcompanies?Susan:Yeah,Idid.Buttheydidn'tseemtobeinterestedinwomen.Ithoughtaboutsuingthenforsexualdiscrimination.John:I'mafraiditwon'tbemuchhelp.Haveyoulookedatthewantadsinthenewspaper?Susan:I'vebeencheckingthewantadseverydayforaweek,butIcan'tfindanythinginterestingthatI'mqualifiTdfor.AndthefewthatIhaveseenareverylow-paying.John:ThentrytheInternet.Youcanuseasearchenginetofindajobsiterelatedtoyourfield.Susan:Goodthinking!Thanks!IthinkI'lllookforsomethinginelectronicengineering.John:Hey,IjustsawajobopiningatacompanycalledE-Tech.Itcouldbejustthesortofthingyou'relookingfor.Susan:Great,I'lltrymyluckthere.John:Yeah,butifIremember,thedeadlineisthisafternoon.Susan:Thisafternoon?Ohno!I'dbettergetonlinequicklyandseeifIcansubmitmyresumebyE-mail.John:Wait,haveyouupdatedyourresume?You'dbetterincludeyourworkexperiencefromtheITcompanylastsummer.Susan:Don'tworry.It'sallset.Thanks,mate.John:Anytime,Sue.

38NowYourTiirnSAMPLEDIALOGA:Canyougivemesometipsabouthowtogetagoodjob?B:Whathaveyoudonesofar?A:I'veaskedafewfriendsandrelativesforjobinformation,butit'snotofmuchuse.B:Thatmethodisoutofdate.Youshouldgotothejobfairandmeetwitcompanies.A:Yes,Idid.ButITindustryseemstohavebeenbadlyhittheeconomicrecession,andnotmanycompaniedcametothejobmarket.Asforthosewhodidcome,theysetahighstandardforthecandidates.B:Tofindmoreopportunities,youmightaswelllookatthewantadsinthenewspaper.A:Evebeencheckingthewantadsregularlyformonths,andIcan'tfindanythinggoodthatI'mqualifiesfor.AndthefewthatIhaveseenareverylow-paying.B:OntheInternetyoucanfindmorejobads.Youcanuseasearchenginetofindjobsitesrelatedtoyourfield.A:Goodidea!IthinkI'lllookforsomethinginsoftwaredevelopment.B:IjustfoundajobavailableatacomputercompanyontheNettheotherday.Itmightbejustthesortofthingyou'relookingfor.A:Great!I'lltakeachanceonthat.B:Remembertoupdateyourresumebeforeyousenditin.It'llbeplusforyouifyouincludeyourrecentworkexperienceattheITcompany.A:Sure.Thanks.M0DEL2Doyouhaveanytipsforasuccessfulinterview?ScriptSusan:John,doyouhaveanytipsforasuccessfulinterview?John:Well,firstofall,youneedtodressprofessionally.Susan:Oh,whataboutduringtheinterview?John:Ok,besuretomaintaingoodeyecontactandanswerallquestionspolitelyanddirectly.Don'tlooktooshy,norshouldyousoundtooaggressive.Susan:I'mnotsurewhatkindofquestionsthey'llask.John:They'llprobablywanttoknowalittleaboutyourworkexperience.Manycompaniesdon'twantacompletelygreenhand.Theydon'twanttospendtimeand

39moneyontraining.Susan:Fortunately,IgainedcomeexperienceatanITcompanyduringthelastsummerholiday.John:Theymayalsowanttoknowsomethingaboutyourcharacter.Yousee,abilityforteamworkisusuallyvalued.Susan:WhatkindofquestionsshouldIaskthem?John:Youshouldaskthemaboutthejobrequirementsandaboutthecompany.Susan:Should1askaboutsalaryandfringebenefits?John:Betternot.Notunlesstheybringitup.Justusethefirstinterviewtosellyourself.Susan:You'reright.Iftheyareinterestedinhiringme,therewillbeplentyofchancestotalkaboutmoneylater.John:Right.Andthemoreinterestedtheyare,themorethey'lloffer.NowYourTYirnSAMPLEDIALOGA:Canyougivemesomeadviceonhowtosucceedinaninterview?B:Well,firstofall,youneedtopayattentiontoyourappearance.Youhavetodressappropriately.A:Whatdoyoumeanbyappropriately?B:It'softenbesttowearasuit.Somebossesdon'tliketoseeacandidateonadirtyT-shirtandjeans.A:Isee.Carelessclothesmaybeanindicatorofcarelessattitudeinwork.B:Righton.Also,manyemployersareunwillingtohireayoungmanwithhishairdyedredoryellow.A:Then,whataboutduringtheinterview?B:Youshouldspeakpolitelybutfirmly.Ifyoulooktooshy,theymaysuspectyouarenotcapableofdealingwithachallengingtask.A:I'mnotsurewhatkindofquestionsthey'llask.C:They'llprobablywanttoknowsomethingaboutyourworkexperience.Companiesusuallydon'twantanentirelynewhand.Theydon'twanttospendtimeandmoneyontraining.A:Fortunately,Igainedsomeexperienceatalawoffirmduringthelastsummerholiday.Iworkedasaninterntoprovidefreelegaladviceforthosewhoneedit.B:Oh.Isee,thisiswhattheycalled“legalassistancetotheneedy".Also,acompanymaywanttoknowsomethingaboutyourcharacter.Yousee,teamplayersareoftenvaluedaboveallothers.A:Whatkindofquestionsshould1askthem?B:Youshouldaskthemaboutthejobrequirementsandaboutthecompany.

40A:Ihearthatmanycompaniesaskedthecandidateswhatsalarytheyexpect.B:That'strue.Youhavetoinquireaboutthepossiblesalarylevelforagreenhandinadvance.Ifthesalaryyouexpectisreasonable,thisshowsthatyouknowtheprofessionswellandwillhaveagoodimpressionontheinterviewer.A:Oh,Tvelearnedsomuchfromyou.Athousandthanks.M0DEL3Ourbestbetistorecruitfromthecompetition.ScriptHelen:Ourcompanyisstartingfromscratch,sowedon'thavetheexpertisetocompete.Bill:Thenourbestbetistorecruitfromthecompetition.Helen:Weneedmanagerswhoknowhowtobestrong,yetknowhowtogiveemployeestheirfreedom.Bill:That'sessential,especiallyinthecomputerindustry.Oftencomputerexpertsliketoworkontheirown.Helen:Wealsoden"tbelievethatarightmanagementsystemwillworkwondersforourcompany.Bill:Um...thatphilosophvwillhelpyouattractmanyworthwhilepeople.Helen:IrememberyourfriendDavidMilleristheCEOofamanagementrecruitmentagency.Ihopehe'llhelpusstartarecruitmentdrive.Bill:Certainly.Andit'sagoodtime,too.Anumberoffkmshavebeendownsizing.Helen:Good.Solotsofcapablepeopleoutthereareinterestedinbiggerandbatterthings.ButcanDavidhelpuspinthemdown?Bill:Sure,Helen!Tharswhytheycallthemheadhunters.NowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOGA:WhatcanIdoforyou?B:I'mlookingforapublicrelationsmanageratouradvertisingcompany.A:Doyouhaveanyspecificrequirementforsuchamanager?B:Well,firstofall,shemustbeagoodleader,whoknowtobestrong,yetknowshowtoallowpeoplefreedom.Onlyinthiswaycanshegivefullplaytotheemployees'enthusiasm.A:Oh,that'sessentialforleaderinmanycompanies.Whatotherqualitiesdoyouexpectofthemanager?B:Shemustbeskilledininterpersonalcommunications.Yousee,withoutsuchskill,onecanhardlygetajobwelldone.A:Ican'tagreemore.Isthatall?B:Notyet.Ifshehappenstohaveawidenetworkofbusinessconnections,it'llbeagreatasserttothecompany.

41A：Isee.We'lltryourbesttofindonewhomeetsyourrequirements.B:Doyouthinkyoucanpinonedownquickly?A:Probably.Yousee,anumberoffirmshavebeendownsizing.Soitsagoodtimeforhead-hunting.B:Good.That'swhytheycallyouheadhunters.V.LefsTalkScriptGoodafternoon,everyone.Theuniversity'sCareerOfficeaskedmetogiveatalkonthetopicofhowtoprepareforjobinterviews.Thisisprobablythemostimportantaspectinsecuringajob.Herearesometips1believetobeuseful.First,dosomeresearchare.Onceyouhavethisinformation,makealistofwhatskillsorknowledgeyouhavethatwouldbevaluabletothem.Youcannotsellyourselftothemifyoudon'tknowwhatitisyouareselling.Thenextthingtoconsiderisyourphysicalappearance.Youhavetodressrightforjobinterviews.Don'twearanythingtooflashy;beingneatandcleanismoreimportantthanwearingthelatestfashion.Theaimistolookprofessionalwithoutoverdoingit.Also,itisimportantthatyoufeelcomfortable.Ifyouarenotcomfortablewithatie,itmightbebestnottowearone,unlessthejobrequiresyoutodressthisway.Thelastthingyouwantistobeworriedaboutyourappearanceduringtheinterview.Itwillonlymakeyounervous,andyouwillquicklyloseconfidence.Moverover,youhavetoworkoutwhatyouneedtotakewithyou:AcopyofyourCV,originalsandcopiesofyourqualificationpaper,copiesofreference,samplesofyourwork,ifapplicable,andanythingelsethattheymaywanttosee.Again,makesureeverythingiswellorganizedandneatlypresented.Don'ttakeapileofpaperworkthatyouhavetosiftthroughfortenminutestofindsomething.Thatwillgivethemtheimpressionthatyouaredisorganized.Ifyouarewellprepared,you'relikelytohavegoodluck.ThingstoDoMoreDetailsTipi1.Dosomeresearchonthecompany.2.Makealistof_whatskillsorknowledgeyouhavethatwouldbevaluabletothem.Findoutwhatproductsitmakes,whoitscustomersare,andwhatitsobjectiveis.Tip2Takecareoveryourphysicalappearance.(1)Dressright.Don'twearanythingtooflashy;neatandcleanaremoreimportantthanthelatestfashion.(2)Feelcomfortable.Beingworriedaboutyourappearanceduringtheinterviewwillmakeyounervousandyouwillquicklyloseconfidence.(1)Prepareacopyofyourresume,originalsandcopiesofyourqualificationpapers,copiesof

42Tip3Workoutwhattotakewithyou.references,andsamplesofyourwork.(2)Makesureeverythingiswellorganizedandneatlypresented.DiscussionSAMPLEA:Afterlisteningtothecareerofficer'stalk,I'venowrealizestheimportanceofgettingpreparedforaninterview.B:Quitetrue.Firstofall,weshouldneverbelateforaninterview.Ifyou'renotpunctual,they'llsuspectthatyou'llbelateforworkinfuture.A:Beforegoingtotheinterview,wehadbetterpayattentiontoourdress.Wemustlookprofessionalwithoutoverdoingit.Carelessclotheswillleadthemintothinkingthatyou'relikelytodoyourjobcarelessly.B:Duringtheinterview,itisimportanttolookconfidentwithoutbeingtoopushy.It'snecessarytomaintaineyecontact.Thisshowsyourinterestintheconversation,andhelpstomaintainthecommunicationbetweenyouandtheinterviewer.A:Manyemployersattachimportancetotheeducationyou'vereceived.Weneedtohighlightthosecoursesespeciallyvaluabletothecompany.B:Bookknowledgeisnotenough.Wemustshowthemwehavepracticalexperienceinthefield.Tellthemaboutourinternship,andemphasizetheskillsthatareusefulinthejobwe'reseeking.A:Howcleveryouare!ThesedaysmanystudentswanttotelltheprospectiveemployerthattheyhaveagoodcommandofEnglishandhaveobtainedaCollegeEnglishTestBand4Certificate.B:They'realsoeagertotellinterviewerabouttheircomputerskillswithPowerPoint,officeautomation,andsoon.Studentsfromnon-keyuniversitiesespeciallyneedcertificatestoshoethey'veacquiredthoseskillsbeforetheycanhopetocompeteagainststudentsfromprestigiousuniversities.A:Characterisconsideredanimportantfactorincontemporarysociety,whereteamworkisamust.B:Buttoomanystudentsaresayingmoreorlessthesamething.Ifeverybodysays,"I'mwarm-heartedandcooperative,getalongwellwithmyclassmates,andhavegoodteamspirit,thebosswillsoongetfedup.A:Perhapsweshouldlettheworkwe'vedoneshoeourcharacter.B:Righton.Participationisimportant.Ifyoucanshowthemyou'reanimportantofficialoftheStudentUnionoftheuniversityorthedepartment,oryou'veorganizedasingingcompetitionandwonanaward,obviouslyyou'reagoodteamplayer.

43VI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingTaskl:TheRoleMemoryPlaysinOurLifeScriptYourresume,orCVinBritishEnglish,hasonemissionandonemissiononly:togetyouajobinterview.Yourresumeisusuallythefirstimpressionanemployerhasofyou.Andas“younevergetasecondchancetomakeafirstimpressionM,you'dbettergetitrightfirstime.Here'resomesuggestionsthatmaybeofuseinpreparingaresume.First,useadesignthatdemandsattention.Employersdon'thavetimetoreadthrougheachofyourjobdescriptionstoknowifyouhavetheskillstheyneed.Thedesignofyourresumemustdoitforthem.Yourresumeshouldbeconcise,well-organizedandrelevant.Itshouldemphasizedthemostimportantandrelevantpointsaboutyourexperience,skillsandeducation.Second,putimportantinformationfirst.Listimportantinformationatthebeginningofyourjobdescriptions.Putstatementsinyourresumeinorderofimportanceandrelevancetothejobyouwant.Apowerfulstatementwithexactnumbersinfluenceseverystatementthatfollows.Third,targetthejob.Youwillhavemoresuccessifyouadjustyourresumeandcoverletterforthespecificskillsanotherjob.Inotherwords,youneedto"re-package”yourself.Inthatway,anemployerwillseeimmediatelythatyoucorrespondtothejobdescription.Itisnotdishonestto”re-package“yourself.Youaresimplypressingyourselfandyourskillsinthebestlightforaparticularemployer.Thiswillhelpyoutogetmoreinterviewsandallowyoutoapplyforawiderrangeojobs.16.Whydoesthespeakersaytheresumeisimportant?17.Accordingtothepassage,whyshouldyouemphasizethemostimportantpointaboutyourself?18.Wheredoesthespeakeradviseputtingtheimportantinformationinyourjobdescription?19.Howmanyresumeswouldthespeakeradviseyoutowriteifyouappliedforthreejobs?5.Whichofthefollowingmakesagoodtitleforthepassage?Keys:l.C2.A3.A4.C5.B

44Task2:TwoEssentialFactorsinanInterviewScriptWhenapplyingforajob,especiallyajobyoureallywant.Ifsnotusuallytofeelnervousandanxious.Sometimesit'sthisanxiety,notourqualifications,thatkeepsusfromobtainingourdreamjob.Soyoumustovercomeyournervousnessandbuildupconfidence.Thisofteninvolvestwofactors:onementalandtheotherphysical.Mentally,it'simportanttoprepareyourselffortheinterviewwithoutobsessingoverit.Remember,itmightbeyourdreamjob,butitwon'tbetheendoftheworldifyoudon'tgetit.Tellyourselfthatthecompanywouldbeluckytogetyou;andiftheychoosesomeoneelse,itwillbetheirloss.Inessence,youneedtobuildyourself-confidence.Yourabilitytoanswerallquestionswithouthesitationwillcertainlyimpresstheinterviewer.Nowthatyouarementallyreadyforanyquestionthatmightbethrownyourway,it'stimetoworkonyourphysicalpresentation.Nomatterwhatpositionyouareapplyingfor,yourphysicalappearanceattheinterviewwillbeabigfactorinthefinaldetermination.It'salwaysagoodideatowearasuit;itdoesn'thavetobeadesignersuit,butsomethingplainandconservative.Donotdresstooinformally.Forexample,don'tweararedfashionablejacketforyourinterview.Makesure,too,thatitiscleanandpressed.Thismayseemlikecommonsense,butyou'dbesurprisedhowcarelesssomeapplicantsare.Whileit'snotnecessarytovisitthebeautysalonbeforeyourinterview,makesurethatyournailarewell-manicured,andyourhairisstyledcarefullyandneatly.Task3:AnInterviewThatUpsetstheBossScriptJohnwasinaterribleaccidentatworkandlostbothofhisears.Sincehewaspermanentlydisfigured,hesettledwiththecompanyforafairlylargecompensationanddecidedtoinvestthemoneyinasmallbutgrowingtelecombusiness.Afterweeksofnegotiations,heboughtthecompany.Thenherealizedthatheknewnothingaboutrunningsuchabusinessandquicklysetouttohiresomeonewhocoulddothatforhim.Sohesetupthreejobinterviewers.Thefirstguywasgreat.Hekneweverythingthecompanyneededandwasveryinteresting.Attheendoftheinterview,Johnaskedhim,"Doyounoticeanythingdifferentaboutme?"Andthegentlemananswered,“Whyyes,Icouldn'thelpnoticeyouhavenoears."Johngotveryupsetandthrewhimout.Thesecondinterviewwaswithawoman,andshewasevenbetterthanthefirstguy.Heaskedherthesamequestion,"Doyounoticeanythingusuallyaboutme?"andtheshereplied,"Well,youhavenoears."AgainJohngotfuriousandtossedherout.Thethirdandthelastinterviewwasthebestofallthree.Itwaswithaveryyoungman

45whowasfreshoutofcollege.Hewassmartandhandsome.Andheseemedtobeabetterbusinessmanthanthefirstwoputtogether.Johnwasanxioustoemployhim,butaskedhimthesamequestion,t4Doyounoticeanythingdifferentaboutme?”Andtohissurprise,theyoungmananswered,t4Yes,youwearcontactlenses."Johnwasamazed,andsaid,“Whatanincrediblyobservantyoungman!Howintheworlddidyouknowthat?"Theyoungmanlaughedandreplied,4

46Uint5ILBasicListeningPractice9.ScriptW:Iboughtacamerafromyourstore.Here'smyreceipt.Iknowit'sjustwarrantyperiod,butthecamerahasn'tworkedproperlyforsometime,andnowit'snotfocusingatall.M:We'resorryyou'vehasproblemwithoneofourcameras.Itseemsthatthecamerahassufferedsomedamage,butyou'vebeenaregularcustomer,andwe'dliketolookafterthisproblemforyou.I'lljustgiveyouareplacement.Q:Whatwillthemando?lO.ScriptW:We'reuprightallourstaffequipment,andwe'llneed50laptopsarelslofnextmonth.InthepastI'vealwaysfoundofyourpricestothebest.M:You'rerightaboutthat,wedohavethelowestpricesinthecountry.We'dbegladtofillyourorder.Justsendmethespecsforeach,andI'llsendyouaquotethatI'msureyouwilltake.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?3.ScriptW:Weordered50fromyourcompany,butontheinvoiceIseethere'sanextrachargeforshopping.Ithoughtshippingwasincludedinthequote.M:Shippingisincluded;theremustbeamistakeontheinvoice.I'llstraightenonthemistakeandsendyouanewinvoice.Q:Whichofthefollowingistrue?4.ScriptM:Thiswasstime-sensitivedocument!There'snopointindeliveringitthreehourslate!W:I'msorry,sir.PerhapsIcouldconnectyoutoourcomplaintsdepartmentifyouwishtotakeitfurther.Q:Whatistrueofthedocument?5.ScriptM:Wewereverysurprisedtoreceivesuchbadservicefromacompanywe'vedonebusinesswithinthepast.Sonowwehavethisproblem,andI'dliketoknowwhatyou'regoingtodoaboutit.W:Ithinkthisistheresultofabreakdownincommunication,andweneedtolookatourcommunicationmethodsbothinternallyandexternally.Obviouslywewanttokeepourclientshappy,andunfortunatelywe'vefallenshortthistime.I'mheretomakesureitwon'thappenagain.Q:Whatisthereasonoftheproblem,accordingtothewoman?

47Keys:1.C2.D3.A4.B5.CIII.ListeningInTask1:AttendingaBusinessReceptionScriptChris:I'vebeenlookingforwardtothisreceptionforweeks.Ican'twaittogetsureofmyownleads.Youknow,startmakingnewconnections.Nora:Smartthinking.Butwhatareyougoingtodowithallthosebrochures?Chris:Thepartyendsattwo,IfigureIcanhavethemalldistributedbyone-thirty,Nora:No,no,no,no.Letmeclueyouin.Thosebrochureswillmakeyoulooklikeagreenhand.Chris:WhatshouldIdothen?Nora:Handoutbusinesscards.Thafsthewaytodoit.Chris:Idon'tunderstandwhat'swrongwiththesebrochuresaboutourcompany.Nora:Thisroomisgoingtobefilledwithpotentialclients,butthereisanunwrittenlaw;youleaveyourworkatthedoor.Chris:ButhowamIsupposedtogetanythingofthisifwecan'ttalkbusiness?Nora:Youhavebusinesscards.Getoutthereandexchangecards.Justgetacardforacard.Chris:ThenfollowuponMonday?Nora:Youcatchonquick.Let'ssplitupsowecancovermoreground.Chris:Greatidea.Thisisgoingtobeapieceofcake.I'llmeetyoubackhereattwo.ChrisandNoraaregoingtoareception.Chrisiseagertomakingnewconnections.Asthepartyendsattwo,heintendstohaveallthosebrochuresdistributedbyone-thirty.ButNoradisagrees,sayingthatthosebrochureswillmakehimlooklikeagreenhand.Sheadviseshimjusttohandoutbusinesscardandleavehisworkatthedoor.ButChriswondershowhecangetanythingoutofthisifshecan'ttalkbusiness.Tothis,Norainsiststhatheshouldjustgetacardforacard.ChriscatchesonquicklyandknowsthathecanhandoutbusinesscardsnowandfollowuponMonday.Finally,Norasuggestssplittingupsothattheycancovermoreground.Chrisfeelsitwillbeapieceofcakeandpromisetomeetherbackthereattwo.Task2:AWorkQualificationTestScriptOncetherewasaScottishaccountant.Thebusinesshasbeeninthefamilyforgenerationsandgenerations.Overtime,withthecountlessclientsthathadgoneinandoutoftheoffice,themarblestepinfrontofthebuildinghaddevelopedabig,deepdipinitfromall

48thewearandtear.Theaccountant'sfriendskepttellinghimthathehadbettergetitreplaced;otherwisehe'dbesuedifanyoneeverslippedandfell.Reluctantly,theaccountantcalledastonemasontogetaquotefortherepairs.Whenthestonemasongotthere,theaccountantdemandedapriceforanewstep.“Ah,bigjob/9saidtheestonemason,"ButIsupposeIcouldgiveyouanewstepforahundredpounds?'Theaccountantwasstunned."Areyoucrazy,man?Ican'tpayyouahundredpounds!"Thinkingaboutitforasecond,heturnedtothestonemasonandasked,"WhatwouldyouchargemetodigupthestepandturnitoversothatthewornpartisinthegroundandI'dgetanewsquarestep?"Thestonemasonhesitated,"20pounds.""Doit!"Demandedtheaccountant,"Andcallmewhenyou'redone."Theaccountantwentbackinsidetoreadhisbooks,butafteronly15minutesthestonemasonrangthebell.Astheaccountantopenedthedoor,hesawthestonemasonstandingthere,pointingtoadeepdipinthestep.Thestonemasonlaughedashesaid,"Yourgreat-greatgranddaddythoughtofthatahundredandfiftyyearsago!"Keys:FTFFTForReference3.countlessclientsthathadgoneinandoutoftheoffice4.HeturnthestepoversothatthewornpartwasinthegroundTask3:WheretoStartYourBusinessScriptYouhavetoconsiderthelocationwhenlaunchingabusiness.Youwillbe"plantingyourbusinesstree"thereandwillhavetomaintainitforyearstocome.Youhavetokeepinmindafewthingswhendecidingonaplacetopenyourbusiness.Firstofall,youhavetotakethelocaleconomyintoconsideration.Isyourlocalareagrowingandbuilding?Arethemarkettrendsgood?Evenifyouhavetolocateyourbusinessfartherfromyourhome,trytofindaplacethatisbuildingupandbringingpeoplein.Theworstthingyoucandoistopickaplacethatisinthe“badareaoftown“becauseitislessexpensive.Youraddresscanbethefirstthingpeoplewillaskfor,anditcansayalotaboutyourbusiness.Thesecondthingyouhavetobearinmindisthejobmarket.SinceunemploymentislowinmostareaintheUnitesStates,considerwhattypeofemployeesyouwillneedandfind

49outiftherearemanyinyourarea.TheamountofmoneythatyouwillhavetospendItherecruitingphasecouldbeanindicatorthatyoushouldorshouldnotlocatethebusinessinanareawithadifferentemployeepool.Anotherfactorpeoplehavetoconsideriswhetheryoucanintegratewiththelocalcommunityandgettoloveit.Tomakethecommunitywarmtoyou,youshouldbecomeinvolvedinitbyjoiningthelocalChamberofCommerce,BusinessAssociation,CityCouncilCommittees,orotherlocalorganizationthatcouldofferyouhelp.Whyplanonretiring“oneday"tosomegreatlocation?Whynotmovetherenowandstartyourdreambusiness?21.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?22.Whatmustyoufindifyouaregoingtolocateabusinessatadistancefromyourhome?23.Accordingtothespeaker,whatistheworstthingyoucando?24.Whatwilltherecruitingmoneytellyou?25.Whatcanyoudothegetonwellwiththelocatepeople?Kes:1D2.C3.C4.A5.CForReferenceTodecideonagoodbusinesslocation,onehastoconsiderthelocaleconomy,thejobmarketthere,andwhetheryoucanintegratewitthelocalcommunity.IV.SpeakingOutMODEL1Iamhavingcashproblems.Bill:Helen,youstartedthiscompanyonlyayearago.Ifyouwantittogrow.I'mafraidyouneedtodosomethingaboutcashflow.Helen:Bill,althoughyou'veworkedhereonlyforacoupleofmonths,youalreadyknowthiscompanyinsideout.Iamhavingcashproblems.Bill:Clearlyyoudon'thavethemoneyyouneedtobuytheequipmenttobecompetitive.Youhavejustbarelyenoughfundstocoveryourday-to-dayoperationalexpenses.Helen:Ithinkmybestbetistosecureasmall-businessloan.Bill:Idon'tthinkthat'spossible.Itseemstomeyoudon'thavethecollaredfora

50loan.Helen:WhatcanIdothen?Bill:TrytheSmallBusinessAssociation.Theyhelpunderwriteloansforasmallbusiness.Helen:So,eventhoughIdon'thavemuchcollateral,Icanstillqualityforaloan?Bill:Underthisspecialprogram,possibly.Helen:Thatwouldreallyhelpmecoverouroverhead.Ijustneedtogetsometimetogettherevenuesup.Bill:Applyforthesmall-businessloan,andkeepyourfingerscrossed!NowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOGA:You'veworkedasaconsultantforalongtime,soyouknowthecompanyinsideout.I'mhavingcashproblems.B:Isee.Ifyouwantthecompanytogrow,I'mafraidyouneedtohavemorefunds.Clearlyyoudon'thavethemoneyyouneedtobuytheequipmenttobecompetitive.Youjustbarelyhaveenoughfundstocoveryourday-to-dayoperatingexpenses.A:Ithinkmybestbetistoaskthebankloan.B:Idon'tthinkthat'sthebestsolution.Nowadaystheinterestratesareveryhigh.You'llhaveadifficulttimepayingbacktheloan.A:WhatcanIdothen?B:Tryabusinessincubator.A:WhatcanIgetfromthem?B:Theyofferarangeofservicessuchasconsultancy,training,andmoreimportantly,venturecapital.A:CanIreallygetventurecapitalfromthem?B:Possibly,ifyouproveyourcompanyispromising.A:Good,thatwouldreallyhelpmecoverouroverhead.Ijustneedsometimetogetrevenuesup.B:Well,applyforariskinvestment,andkeepyourfingerscrossedM0DEL2Ihavesomeverybadnews.Helen:Bill,I'vebeensearchingforaloan,butIwasrejectedeverywhere.NowI'mafraidIhavesomeverybadnews.Bill:Whatisit?Helen:Well,thecompanyhasbeenexperiencingseriousfinancialdifficultiesforquitealongtimenow.Bill:Iknowwe'vebeenoperatingintheredforthepastfewmonths.Helen:Exactly.Afteralongdiscussionwithmypartners,I'vecometotheconclusionthatthebestcourseofactionistofileforbankruptcyBill:What?Bankruptcy?Ididn'tknowyouwereinthiskindofseriousfinancialtrouble.Helen:Saleshavebeenlowallyearlong.Nowtwoofourleadingcompetitorsarediscussingamerger.Thenwe'llhavetofaceevenstiffercompetition.Ifeelthe

51situationisgoingtogofrombadtoworse.Wesimplycan'taffordtokeepourdoorsopenforlong.Bill:Whendoyouplantomaketheannouncementtotellalltheemployees?Helen:Earlynextweek.Bill:Whatkindsofseverancepackagewillweabletoofferthem?Helen:Unfortunately,thebestwecandoisofferonemonth'ssalary.Bill:Oh!Howterrible!OK,I'llcontactVivitekandseeiftheyareinterestedinacquiringourcompany.NowYourTYirnSAMPLEDIALOGA:Ihavesomeverybadnews.B:What'sthat?A:Thecompany'sproductshaven'tsoldwellforalongtime,youknow.B:Yeah.Iknowwe'vebeenoperatingatalossforseveralmonths.A:Exactly.Andafteralongdiscussionwithmypartner,I'vecometotheconclusionthatthebestcourseofactionistofileforbankruptcy.B:What?Bankruptcy?I'dsuggestthatyoufindamergerpartnerinstead.Withcombinedstrength,wecanfacethestiffmarketcompetition.A:Oursaleshavebeenlowalongtime.Whowillbewillingtomergerwithus?B:Youcantellthemwehaveateamofwell-trainedskilledworkersandourequipmentisnottechnologicallybackward.Infact,wehavealotoftooffer.A:Sorry,butI'mstillnotconfidentatall.Istillprefertodeclarebankruptcy.B:Whendoyouplantomakeitknowntothestaff?A:Sometimesnextmonth.B:Whatkindofseverancepackageareyougoingtoofferthem?A:Unfortunately,thebestwecandoisofferonemonth'ssalary.B:That'sterrible.MODEL3We'vebeenlookingforamergerpartner.ScriptBill:IhearthatVivitekhasbeenconsideringacquiringaCDmanufacturerforsometime.Jessica:That'squitetrue.What'sonyourmind?Bill:MybossHelenthinksthatourcompanywouldbeagoodmatchforVivitek.Andwe'vebeenlookingforamergerpartner.Jessica:Areyousureyouroperationhasmuchtobringt。thetable?Bill:Definitely.Thequalityofourproductsisfirst-rate,andwehavemanyreliablesalesoutlets.What'smore,Vivitekcanpropelustoevengreater

52heights.Itwillbeanall-aroundexcellentmatch.Jessica:Ithinkitmightbe,thoughwehaveyettodiscussdetails.Bill:Asamatteroffact,we'vealreadyreceivedafewattractivebids.Jessica:Well,weofcurseneedtocomeupwithaplanthatisattractiveforbothpartiesBill:True,butmybosshastokeepourshareholders'interestsinmind.Jessica:It'sreasonabletokeepyouremployees'welfareinmind.Bill:Yes,wedon'twanttodisappointthem.Jessica:Thenlet'stalkaboutspecifics.NowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOGA:Ihearthatyourcorporationhasconsideredacquiringasoftwaredevelopmentcompanyforsometime.B:That'squitetrue.What'sonyourmind?A:We'vebeenlookingforamergerpartner.Andwethinkourcompanywouldbeagoodmatchforyou.B:Definitely.Wehaveanumberoffirst-rateprogrammers(programwriters\softwareengineers),andoneofoursoftwareproductsisahit.A:Thenwhydoyouwantamerger?B:Wecancertainlysurviveonourown.Theproblemwithusisthatwedon'tasmanyreliablesalesoutletsasyouhave.Wehopeyourcompanycanpropelustoevengreaterheights.A:Asamatteroffact,we'vealreadyreceivedafewattractivebids.Sowehavetobecautiousinmakingadecision.B:Ihopeyouwillfindourcompanyanall-aroundexcellentmatch.Themergerwilturnouttobeawin-win(double-win\two-win)situation.A：Ithinkthatmightbe,thoughwestillhavetodiscussspecifics.C:Well,weofcurseneedtoworkoutaschemethatisattractiveforbothparties.A:True,wehavetokeepinmindtheinterestsoftheshareholdersofbothsides.B:Good.That'swhytheycallyouheadhunters.V.LefsTalkScriptMartin:Dick,wouldyoureviewtheresultofthesurveyonleisuresportingactivities.WeneedtoplanourproposalforthisFriday'sbusinessmeeting.Dick:Sure.I'vesummarizedtheresultsinthehandouts,brokendownbycustomeragegroupsandsportingactivities.Thesurveywasadministeredto550menandwomenbetweentheageof18and55yearsold,andtheresultshavebeen

53compiledinthefollowingagegroups:18to26,27to35,36to45,and46to55.Accordingtotheresults,themostactivegroupinvolvedinsportingactivitiesisbetween18and26yearsold,followedbythose36to45yearsold.Martin:Okay.Dick:Asfarasparticularsportsareconcerned,peopleinthesetwogroupscitedjoggingastheirfavoriterecreationalsportfollowedbyskiing,tennis,swimming,andcycling.Martin:Andwhataboutthesegroupsbrokendownbygender?Dick:Oh,Martin,thanksforbringingthatup.Menappearstobeslightlymoreactivethanwomeninthe18to26year-oldagegroup,butwomenseemmoreactiveintheotherthreegroupsMartin:Hmm.Basedonwhatyouhavesaid,Ithinkweshouldconsidertargetingthe18to26year-oldagegroupmoreinthefuture.Ialsofeelweshouldconsiderexpandingourlineofathleticshoes,particularlyjoggingshoesandtennisfootwear.Wealsohavetocomeupwithamoreappealingsloganaimedatthisagegroup.Dick:Iseewhatyoumean.However,the46to55agegroupisbecomingmoreconcernedaboutstayingfit.Ibelievethistrendwillcontinue,soweshouldnotneglectthem.Martin:Iseeyourpoint.Well,let'smeetagainonWednesdaytoironoutmoredetailsofthisproposal.ResultsoftheSurveyAgeGroupsThetwomostactiveagegroupsinsportingactivitiesarethosebetween18and26yearsoldandthose36-45yearsold.SportingActivitiesThesportsthosetwogroupslikeareintheorderofjoggingskiing,tennis,swimming,cycling.GenderInthe18-26year-oldgroup,menappeartobeslightlymoreactivethanwoman.Intheother_threegroups,women_seemtobemoreactive.DecisionsBasedontheSurveyTargetingThe18-26year-oldagegroupExpandingThelineofathleticshoos,particularlyjoggingshoesandtennisfootwearNotneglectingThe46to55agegroup,becausetheyarebecomingmoreconcernedaboutstayingfit

54DiscussionSAMPLEA:Howmanypeopledoyouthinkwehavetosurveybeforewecanhaveaclearideaaboutthesalespotentialforeachproduct?B:Ithinkoursurveymustbeadministeredtoatleast300menandwomenofvariousages,incomesandoccupations.Otherwisetheresultswon'tbereliable.A:Perhapswecanuseourcommonsensetopredicttheresults.B:Obviously,youngpeoplepaymoreattentiontotheirclothesthanolderpeople,andtheytendtobuymore.A:It'sclearthatwomenaremoreactiveinbuyingdresses.Ourproductionshouldtargetwomen.B:Whatdoyouthinkaboutthevariousincomegroups?Doyouthinkweshouldaimmainlyatthehighincomegroup?A:It'shardtosay.Somerichpeopleareverycarefulwiththeirmoney.So,wehavetowaituntiltheinvestigationresultscomeout.B:Nowlet'sswitchtosportsshoes.Whichgroupdoyouthinkmaybeactive?A:Iguesstheyoungpeoplemaybuythemostbecausemanyofthemlikesportsagreatdeal.B:Ithinkthisgroupwillbefollowedbytheoldgroupinsteadofthemiddle-agedgroup.Theoldpeoplearebecomingmoreconcernedaboutstayingfit.A:Iagree.AndIbelievethistrendwillcontinue,soweshouldn'tneglectthem.B:Whatmaybetheresultbrokendownbygender?A:Manypeoplethinkmenaremoreactivethanwomen,butI'mnotquitesure.B:Ok,let'scarryoutoursurveyasearlyaspossibleandletfactsspeakforthemselves.VI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingTaskl:HotBusinessIdeasScriptBusinessideasareallaroundyou.Manybusinessideascomefromacarefulanalysisofmarketandconsumerneeds.Ifyouareinterestedinstartingabusiness,butdon'tknowwhatproductorserviceyoumightsell,herearesomewaysthatmayhelpyoufindone.Firstofall,youshouldstudyhowtovaluetoanexistingproduct.Thedifferencerawwoodandfinishedwoodenproductsisagoodexampleofputtingaproductthroughanadditionalprocessthatincreasesitsvalue.Butadditionalprocessesarenottheonlywayvaluecanbeadded.Youmightalsoaddservices,orcombineoneproductwithotherproducts.Forinstance,alocalfarmwhich

55sellsproducecanalsoofferavegetabledeliveryservice-forafree.Whatbusinessideascanyoudevelopalongtheselines?Focusonwhatproductsyoumightbuy,andwhatyoumightdotothemorwiththemtocreateaprofitablebusiness.Somepeoplehaveanotherwayofmakingprofit.Theyimproveanexistingproductsorservice.Weallknowthatthepersonwhocanbuildabettermousetrapwillmakealotofmoney.Thatpersoncouldbeyou!Alocalentrepreneurhascreatedanimprovedversionofthehulahoop.It'sbiggerandheavier,sohula-hooperscancontrolitmoreeasilyanddomoretricks.Howdidshecomeupwiththisbusinessidea?Shethoughthulahoopingwouldbeafunthingtodowithherdaughter,butfoundthecommerciallyavailableproducttooflimsy.Thereareveryfewproductsorservicesthatcan'tbeimproved.Startgeneratingbusinessideasbylookingattheproductsandservicesyouuseandbrainstormingideasastohowtheycouldbebetter.20.Whatisthefirstwaythespeakermentionsthathelpsyouproduceabusinessidea?21.WhichofthefollowingmethodsdoesthespeakerNOTmention?22.Whydoesthespeakermentionthemousetrap?23.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?24.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?Keys:1.C2.B3.B4.A5.DTask2:Whatdoyouknowaboutbusiness?ScriptHistorically,thetermbusinessreferredtoactivitiesorinterests.Byextension,thewordbecame,asrecentlyasthe18thcentury,synonymouswith“anindividualcommercialenterprise”.Whenreferringtoactivities,thetermsbusinessandindustrysometimesappearinterchangeable.Thusafishermanmightsayeitherthatheisinthe"fishingbusiness",whichisabitcolloquialorthatheworksinthe"fishingindustry",whichsoundssomewhatformal.Theword"trade"mayserveasanequivalentofboth"business"and"industry".Peopleestablishbusinessinordertoperformeconomicactivities.Withsomeexceptions,suchasnon-profitorganizationsandinstitutionsofthegovernment,businessesexisttoproductprofit.Inotherwords,theownersandoperatorsofabusinesshavereceivingorgeneratingafinancialreturnfortheirtime,effortandcapitalasoneoftheirmainobiectives.Onecanclassifybusinessesinmanydifferentways.Inrecentyears,servicebusinesseshavebecomeincreasinglypopular.Theyofferintangibleproductsandtypicallyhavedifferent,usuallysmaller,capitalrequirementsthanmanufacturers.Distributorsneedsmallerfundsthanmanufacturers.

56Mostlawsspecifytheformsthatabusinesscantake,andabodyofcommerciallawhasbeendevelopedforeachtype.Somecommontypesincludepartnerships,corporations,alsocalledlimitedliabilitycompanies,andsoleownerships.Task3:Anofficeboyorabillionaire?Ajoblessmanappliedforthepositionof"officeboy"atMicrosoft.Thehumanresourcemangerinterviewedhim,andgavehimatest:cleanthefloor."Youareengaged,"hesaid,"givemeyouremailaddress,andrilsendyoutheapplicationformtofillandtellyouwhenyouwillstart."Themanreplied,"Idon'thaveacomputeroranemail."Tmsorry,“saidtheHRmanager,uifyoudon'thaveanemail,thatmeansyoudon'texist.Andwhoeverdoesn'texistcan'thavethejob!"Themanleftwithnohopeatall.Hedidn'tknowwhattodo,withonly10dollarsinhispocket.Hethendecidedtogotothesupermarketandbuyacrateoftomatoes.Hesoldthetomatoesinadoor-todoorround.Inlessthantwohours,hesucceededindoublinghiscapital.Herepeatedtheoperationthreetimes,andreturnedhomewith60dollars.Themanrealizesthathecouldsurvivethisway,andstartedtogooutearlyandreturnedlateeveryday.Thus,hismoneydoubledortripledeveryday.Alittlelater,heboughtacart,thenatrunk,thenhehashisownfleetofdeliveryvehicles.Fiveyearslater,themanwasoneofthebiggestfoodretailersintheUnitedStates.Hestartedtoplanhisfamily'future,anddecidedtobuylifeinsurance.Hecalledaninsurancebroker,andchoseaprotectionplan.Beforetheconversationwasconcluded,thebrokeraskedhimforhisemailaddress.Themanreplied,"Ihavenoemail."Thebrokerreplied,"Youdon'thaveanemail,andyethavesucceededinbuildinganempire!Canyouimaginewhatyoucouldhavebeenyouhadanemail."Themanreplied,"AnofficeboyatMicrosoft!"ForReference1.“Ifyoudon'thaveanemailthatmeansyoudon'texist.Andwhoeverdoesn'texistcan'thavethejob!"2.Hesoldthetomatoesinadoor-todoorround.Inlessthantwohours,hesucceededindoublinghiscapital.Herepeatedtheoperationthreetimes,andreturnedhomewith60dollars.3.Heboughtacart,thenatrunk,thenhehashisownfleetofdeliveryvehicles.Fiveyearslater,themanwasoneofthebiggestfoodretailersintheUnitedStates.4.Hestartedtoplanhisfamily'future,anddecidedtobuylifeinsurance.Hecalledaninsurancebroker,andchoseaprotectionplan.5.Hethoughtthatwithanemail,hewouldhavebecomeanofficeboyatMicrosoft.

57NewsReportAHistoricSettlementbetweentheLawandBusinessScriptBillGates,MicrosoftChairman:Wehopethatwhenthestateattorneygeneralfullyreviewedthesettlement,theywillalsoagreethatit'stherightwayforward.Litigationisneveragoodthingforanyindustryoranycompany.Wehavesaidforsometimethatwewouldgotheextramiletoresolvethiscase.Thatisexactlywhatwedidinreachingthissettlement.Theexperienceofthepastthethreeyearshshadaprofoundimpactonmepersonallyandonourcompany.Weareinafast-moving,compeliliveindustry,butwewillfocusmoreonhowouractionsaffectothercompanies.JohnAshcroft,U.SAttorneyGeneral:Todayweareannouncingastrong,historicalsettlementreachedbytheDepartmentofJusticeandtheMicrosoftCorporationthatwillputanendtoMicrosoft'sunlawfulconduct,bringeffectiverelieftothemarketplace,andensurethatconsumerswillhavemorechoicesinmeetingtheirneedsofcomputingandworkingwiththeircomputers.Thissettlementistherightresultforconsumersandforbusinesses,therightresultfortheeconomy,andtherightresultforgovernment.Itprovidesprompt,effective,certainreliefforconsumersandremovestheuncertaintyinthecomputermarket,acriticalfactorintoday'seconomy.Unit611.BasicListeningPractice11.ScriptW:Arethosecigarettesyours?Ithoughtyouquit.Ifyougobacktoit,yourteethandfingerswillbenicotine-stained;yourbreathandclotheswillsmellsmoky.M:Ididn't.Iswear.Adsshowingdiseasedlungskeptmefromstartingagain.Believeme,I'llneveragainbeaslavetosmoking.Q:Whydidn'tthemangobacktosmoking?ScriptM:What'sthatnoise?It'sreallyloud!Soundslikegunshots!W:It'sthelocal4Ayouth"throwingfirecrackers.Don'tgoout.They'relikelytothrowoneatyouorputonethroughtheletterboxifyoubotherthem.Q:Whatmaytheyoungpeopledo?3.ScriptM:IwishIhadleftmywalletathome.ButI'msureIputitinmybackpocket.W:Oh,no,it'seasyforapickpockettotakeitfromthere.Youshouldoutyourmoneyin

58yourbreastpocket.Q:Whatshouldthemando,accordingtotheconversation?3.ScriptM:Ihatethatsubwaystation.Wheneveryoucomeour,you'realwaysplaguedbybeggars.W:Iknow,butthekidsreallygettome.Ican'thelpbutfeelsorryforthem.Theylooksomiserable.Q:Whatdothemanandwomanthinkabouttheyoungbeggars?4.ScriptM:Thebankcallmetoday:theywantedtoknowifIspent3,000dollarsinafurnitureshopthismorning!OfcourseIdidn't!W:Someonemust'vemadeacopyofyourcreditcard.Ifseasilydone.You'llhavetocancelitatonceandgetanewone.Hopefully,thebankwillcoverthedamage.Q:Whatdoesthewomanrecommendthemantodo?Keys:1.C2.C3.B4.A5.DIII.ListeningInTask1:HowtoSolveUnemploymentProblemScriptAlan:Ihaveameetingwithmyaccountanttomorrowmorning.She'spreparingmyincometaxreturn,andIneedtogooversomeofthereceiptswithher.Pamela:Incometaxreturn!Don'tyouthinkthegovernmentjustsquandersourhard-earnedtaxonsomeunnecessaryprojects?Alan:Sure,someonetheydo,butwearelivingprettywelland,tobehonest,Idon'tmindpayingtaxes.IfI'mpayingincometax,itmeansI'mearningwouldbemuchlower.Pamela:Ifthepoorwouldjustgetjobs,ourtaxeswouldbemuchlower.Alan:Mostpeoplewouldratherworkthanreceivecharity,butthesituationiscomplex:sometimestherearenojobsthattheyaretrainedfor.Pamela:Thentheyshouldtaketheneededtraining—upgradetheirskillsandknowledgetobecomemoreemployable.Alan:Trainingandupgradingcostmoney.Somegovernmenttaxdollarsaredirectedtoprogramsthathelpthepoorgetjobs.Pamela:Butevenwhenjobsareavailable,someoftheunemployeddon'twanttowork.Theywouldratherhaveahandout.Alan:It'spartlyamatterofeducation.Somepeoplehavetobeeducatedtorealizehowmuchfullertheirlifewouldbeiftheywerenotdependentoncharity.

59Pamela:Ithinkthegovernmentshouldattackunemploymentbyreducingthetaxrate.Thatwouldputmoremoneyintopeople'spockets,thentheywouldspendmore,andthespendingwouldcreatemorejobsforthepoor.Alan:Manypeoplewouldagreewithyou.Alan'saccountantispreparinghisincometaxreturn,soheneedstogooversomeofthereceiptswither.Pamelacomplainsthatthegovernmentjustsquanderspeople'shard-earnedtaxmoneyonsomeunnecessaryprojects.ButAlandoesnotmindpayingtaxes,sayingitmeansheisearningmoney,whichisbetterthanlivingoncharity.Pamelainsiststhatifthepoorwouldjustgetjobs,taxeswouldbeemuchlower.Alandisagrees,sayingmostpeoplewouldratherworkthanreceivecharity,butsometimestherearenojobsthattheyaretrainedfor.ButPamelaassertsthatthejoblesspeopleshouldtaketheneededtrainingtoupgradetheirskillsandknowledgetobecomemoreemployable.Alanbelievesthatsomeofthegovernmenttaxdollarsarealreadydirectedtotrainingandupgradingprogramsthathelpthepoortogetjobs.WhenPamelasayssomeoftheunemployeddon'twanttowork,preferringtohavehandouts,Alanpointsoutthatsomepeoplehavetobeeducatedtorealizehowmuchfullertheirlifewouldbeiftheyerenotdependentoncharity.Pamelais,however,moredown-to-earth,thinkingthegovernmentshouldattackunemploymentbyreducingthetaxrate.Thatwouldgivepeoplemoremoney;then,theywouldspendmore,whichwouldcreatemorejobsforthepoor.Task2:AProfessionalGamblerScriptInabaraguytoldthebartender,<4I'maprofessionalgambler;I'vemadeoflotsofmoneyfromgambling."Thebartenderanswered,“Icanhardlybelieveit.Youroddsarefifty-fiftyatbest,right?"“Well,Ionlybetonsurethings,"saidtheguy."Likewhat?"askedthebartender.Thebartenderthoughtaboutit,"Okay,"hesaid.Sotheguypulledouthisfalserighteyeandbitit,"Ah,youscrewedme,"saidthebartender,andpaidtheguyfiftydollars."I'llgiveyouanotherchance.I'llbetyouanotherfiftydollarsthatIcanbitemylefteye,"saidthestranger.Thebartenderthoughtitoveragainandsaid,"Well,Icanseeyou'renotblind.I'lltakethatbet."So,theguypulledouthisfalseteethandbithislefteye.Andthebartenderhadtopayhimanotherfiftydollars.Thentheguywenttothebackroomtoplaycardswithsomeofthelocals.Aftermanyhoursofdrinkingandcardplaying,hestumblesuptothebartenderandsaid,"Bartender,I'llgiveyouonelastchance.I'llbetyou500dollarsthatIcandumptomatojuiceintothatwhiskeybottlethreefootawaywithoutspillingadrop."Thebartenderthoughttheguymustbedrunknow,"Okay,you'reon,"hesaid.Theguybegandumpingtomatojuicealloverthebartender,butnoadropfellintothe

60whiskeybottle.Thebartenderwasoverjoyed.Laughing,thebartendersaid,“Hey,pal,youowemefivehundreddollars!MTheguysaid,"That'sokay.1justbettheguysinthecardrooml,000buckseach,thatIcoulddumptomatojuicealloveryoubutyoustilllaugh!^^Keys:TFTFTForReference5.Becausenotadroptomatojuicefellintothewhiskeybottle,andhewastowinthebetof500dollars.6.Becausehejustbettheguysincardrooml,000buckeachthathecoulddumptomatojuicealloverthebartenderandstillmakehimlaugh.Task3:FightingTeenSmokingScriptThepercentageofteenswhosmokecigarettesdroppedto28%in2003,accordingtoareportbytheCenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Thatwasdownfrom36%in1999asmeasuredbytheYouthRiskBehaviorSurvey.It'satriumphformanypeopleacrossthenationwhoworkedtirelesslytoreversetheclimbinteensmokingratesduringthe1990s.Anequalaccomplishmentmaybethediscoveryofwhatworkstoinfluenceteens'motivationandbehavior.Successhascomeincommunitieswithacomprehensiveprogramtofighttobaccousebyteens.Thebestschoolhealthclasseswon'thavemucheffectonteenswhoalreadysmoke.Manyofthemneedprofessionalhelpbeforetheycanquit.Anotherinterestingfindingisthatnearlyallfirstuseoftobaccooccursbeforehighschoolgraduation.Soifadolescentsdon'tstartsmokingbyage18,oddsaretheyneverwill.Forthosewhodoexperimentwithcigarettes,newresearchshowsteenscangethookedonnicotinemorequicklythanadultsandbyextremelylowlevelsoftobacco.Nowthebadnews:whiletheteensmokingrateisdownto28%,thatstillmeansmorethanoneinfourteenagersstillsmoke.Publichealthandparentsarenotreadytoabandonaquarteroftoday'syoungpeopletothedamagingeffectsoftobacco.Obviously,itisstilltooearlytocelebrateacompletevictory.Thereisstillmuchroomforimprovement.26.Whatpercentagedidtheteensmokingratedropby?27.Whathappenedinthe1990s,accordingtothespeaker?Usefulforreducingteensmokingaccordingtothespeaker?28.Whatisespeciallyusefulforreducingteensmokingaccordingtothespeaker?

6126.Whatisthebadnewsmentionedinthepassage?27.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Kes:1D2.A3.B4.C5.ForReferenceBeforetheageof18.Accordingtothepassage,ifadolescentsdon'tstartsmokingbyage18,oddsaretheyneverwill.IV.SpeakingOutMODEL1Nursinghomeabuseisanationalepidemic.John:Nora,whatareyoudoing?Whatarethesenotesabout?Nora:Well,theyarefora1,000wordessayonabuseontheelderly,dueMonday.John:That'sabigtopic.Whatmadeyoudecidetowriteaboutthatsubject?Nora:Granny'sgoingintoanursinghome.Andthisessayisdrivingmecrazy.John:Narrowdownthetopic.Pickoneaspect,likenursinghome.Doanoutline.Nora:Youmeanlisttheideasunderheadings:Introduction,Body,andtheConclusion?John:Yes.IntheIntroduction,saypeoplelivelongernow,crowingnursinghomes.Nora:ThenmaybeintheBodyIcanexplainhowtheownerstrytosavemoneyonfoodandcare.John:Right.HereIseeagoodquotation:"Nursinghomeabuseisanationalepidemic."Nora:Ihavestatistics:500homesinspected:inone・third,carewassubstandard.John:Mentiongovernmentofficesandlawyerswho'llhelpincasesofabuse.Nora:Then,IthinkIcansummarizethemainideasaboutthehelplesselderlyintheConclusion.John:Good.Whenyou'vewrittenafirstdraft,readitaloudtoeliminateawkwardspots.Nora:I'mfeelingalotbetteraboutthisessayandalotlessworriedaboutGrannynow.John:Theessayisapieceofcake;butensuringGranny'sOKisalotharder.NowYourHirnSAMPLEDIALOGA:Oh,Bobby,soyou'vecometoseemeagain.B:Howareyoudoing?HopeeveryoneisOKhere.A:MyGod,Icanhardlybearthelifehere.Thisnursinghomeisdrivingcrazy.B:What'swrong?>

62A:Yousee,therearetomanyoldpeoplehere,butfartoosmallastaff.B:Yeah,that'sprobablybecausepeoplelivelongernow,crowdingnursinghomes.A:Sowecanhardilygetattention.Theownertriestosavemoneyonfoodandcare.B:Isee,nursinghomeabuseisnowaverycommonproblem.Iheardofonesurveywithstatistics:300homeswereinspects,andinnearlyhalfofthemcarewassubstandard.A:Sometimestheyevenbeatme.Idon'tknowwhereandhowIcangethelp.B:Intheorygovernmentofficesandlawyerscanhelpyouincasesofabuse.A:Butitisinconvenientformetocontactgovernmentofficesagainandagain,andI'mtoopoortohirealawyer.B:OK,aunt,sinceit'shardtoensureyou'reOkhere,I'lltakeyouhome.MaryandIwilltakecareofyou.A:AreyousureMarythinksinthesamewayasyoudo?MODEL2Thisbeautybattledthebottle.Chris:HeyNora.Nora:HeyChris.Howisitgoing?Chris:Nottoobad.Sitdown.Sitdown.Hey,whowasthatfood-lookinggirlyouweretalkingtoneartheauditorium?Nora:"TheDrunkenDoctor",DrDoyle,whogavedynamiteLadiesOnlylecture.Chris:No,no.Imeantheblonds,healthy-looking,thetwenty-somethinggirlinblue.Nora:Yeah,exactly.She'sadoctor,butsheusedtobeadrunk.Nowshetellswomenthedangersofdrinking.Chris:Ican'timaginesomeoneasprettyassheistobeadrunk.Andadoctor,too!Nora:Shesaystherearealcoholicsallovertheworld,16millionplusjustintheU.S.Chris:I'msurprisedthattherearesomanypeoplewholackthewill-powertostop.Nora:It'sadiseasethalstrikesyoungandold,richandpoor,andalwalksoflife.Chris:Drunksareoftendirtyoldmenbeggingformoney.HowdidDr.Doylegethooked?Nora:Shewasaninterninabighospital:longhours,littlesleep,andconstantstress.Chris:Isupposeatfirstalcoholhelpedhertorelax,butsherealized.Nora:FirstitwasadrinkaJiiqht,thentwo,thenabottle,thendrinkstowakeup.Chris:That'sasadstory.Nora:Moreinspiringthansad.Shegothelpandstopped.Nowshehelpsothers.Isn'tthatwonderful?

63NowYourTYirnSAMPLEDIALOGA:Hi,John,I'msogladtoseeyouareback!A:It'snicetobehomeagain,Mom.A:Oh,yousmellterriblyofalcoholandtobacco.Youdidn'tsmokeordrinkbeforeyoulefthomeayearago.Howdidyougethooked?B:Asanassistantengineer,Ihadtoworkmightshiftsoften.Ifeltlonelyandbegantodrinkandsmoke.Thathelpedmetorelax.A:Sograduallyyoudrankmoreandmore?B:Yeah,firstitwasadrinkatnight,thentwo,thenabottle,andthenIdranktowakeup.A:Oh,Isimplycan'timaginemyhandsomesontobeadrunkandaheavysmokernow.Can'tyoustop?B:It'sdifficult.Ilackthewill-powertostop.A:Butrememberthedangersofheavydrinkingandsmoking.Soonerorlateryou'lldevelophighbloodpressure,hearttrouble,orlivertrouble.B:Therearealcoholicsallovertheworld,andtheyarestillliving.A:I'msorrythatdrinkingandsmokingatediseasesthatstrikeyoungandold,richand[poor,andallwalksoflife.Youngmustgethelpandstop.B:OK,I'lltrymybest.M0DEL3Therearehighriskswithgamesofchance.ScriptSusan:Hey,Chris.Whysoyoulooksodepressed?Chris:Oh,ifsmybrother.Youknow,hehasgotagamblingproblem.Youcan'tunderstandgamblingasanaddictionunlessyou'vebeenhooked.Susan:Apparentlyit'slikebeingaddictedtodrugsoralcohol.Youjustwantmoreandmore.Chris:It'sexactlylikealcoholism;ittakesoveryoulife.It'sonyourmindconstantly.Susan:Yeah,likesomehorribledisease.Butyoucangethelp.Chris:Mybrothertriedtostop,buthefeltrestless...badtempered.Hisnerveswerealwaysonedge.Susan:DidhetryGamblersAnonymous?It'saself-helpgroupwithexperiencejustlikehis.Chris:Yeah,he'snotalone.It'sestimatedthereare10millionaddictsinAmerica.Susan:Idon'twanttonaghim,butisn'titaquestionoftakingcontrolofhislife?Chris:Iseeyourpoint,buthe'sacompulsivegambler.Susan:Iknow.Butifhegetshelp,maybehe'llgetbetter.Chris:Nodoubt.It'llbetough.Thoughbutworthit.Susan:Remembertheproverb"Bettermedicinehaswholesomeeffects?'

64NowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOGA:Goodmorning,Mr.Brown,I'macorrespondentwiththemagazineHealth.Iheatyou'veovercomeyourgamblingproblem.Firstofall,couldyoudescribeyourproblemsinthepast?B:Yeah,Ididhaveseriousgamblingproblems.Youcan'tunderstandgamblingasanaddictiontillyou'vebeenhooked.A:Couldyoutellmeyourfeelingatthetime?B:Therewasasensationliketheonethatcomeswithdrugsoralcohol,andIwantedmoreandmore.A:Howdoyoucompareitwithalcoholism?B:It'slikealcoholism;ittakesoveryourlife.It'sonyourmindconstantly.A:Didyoutrytogethelp?B:AtfirstIdidn't.Itriedtostoponmyown,butIfeltrestlessandbad-tempered.Mynerveswereonedge.A：Iseeit'sdifficultforacompulsivegamblertoovercometheproblem.Buthowdidyoufinallygetridofit?C:Iwenttoadoctorforhelp.Hemademerealizethatitwasaquestionofgettingholdofmylife.HetoldmethatifIthoughtofitasadisease,Iwouldprobablybecured.Healsogavemesomemedicine.A:Iguessitwasathoughtfight.B:Yes,thoughbutworthit.Anyway,4kBitterpillsmayhavewholesomeeffects.”V.Let?sTalkScriptTodayI'llbepresentingareportonourfindingsontheconditionoftheworld'spopulation.Itmaybeasurprisetoyouthathalfthepeopleintheworldliveonlessthantwodollarsaday,andonebillionpeopleliveonlessthanonedollaraday.I'mgoingtolookatpovertyanditsrelationshiptopopulationissues.Wemustworkfastifwehopetoreducepovertybyhalf,bytheyear2015.Oursurveyshowsthatthefirststepshouldbetoimprovehealth-caresystems.Intheworld'poorestcountries,peopleareexpectedtolivejust49years.Oneintenchildrendoesn'treachhisorherfirstbirthday.Accordingtoourstudy,poorhealthandpovertyarelinked.Womenareaffectedmostbypoor-caresystems,especiallypregnantwomen.Thesecondjobwehavetodo,asmanyofyoucanguess,istoreducebirthrates.Wehavefoundthatwhengivenachoice,poorpeopleindevelopingcountrieshavefewerchildrenthantheirparentsdis.Apossiblereasonforthisisprobablythatsmallerfamilieshavefewerexpensesandmorechancesofincreasingtheirearningsandsavings.Sincethe1970s,developingcountrieswithlowerbirthrateshavehadfastereconomicgrowth.Theyhavehadhigherproductivity,moresavingsandmoreinvestment.Obviouslywemustencouragefamilyplanningandlowerbirthrates.Now,hereisthethirdmeasurewemusttake:promoteeducationindeveloping

65countries.Investingineducation,especiallyforwomen,canreducepoverty.Educatedwomenhavemoreopportunitiestoworkandachancetolivebetter.Moreover,theytendtosendtheirchildrentofoodschoolssothattheycanclimbthesocialladder.Well,anyquestions?None?OK.Now1リ1talkaboutthefourthstepweneedtotake...MeasurestoTakeinDevelopingCountriesProblemsandReasonsforTakingtheMeasuresl.ToimprovehealthcaresystemsInthepoorestcountries:1.Peopleareexpectedtolivejust49years.2.Oneintenchildrendoesn'treachhisorherfirstbirthday.3.Womenareaffectedmostbypoorhealth-caresystems,especiallypregnantwomen.2.Toreducebirthrates1.Smallerfamilieshavefewerexpensesandmorechanceofincreasingtheirearningsandsavings.2.Countrieswithlowerbirthrateshavehadfastereconomicsgrowth.3.TopopularizeeducationInvestingineducation,especiallyfoewomen,canreducepoverty:1.Educatedwomenhavemore2.opportunitiestoworkbetterTheyaremorelikelyandcanliveto_sendtheirchildrentogoodschoolssothatthechildrenwillclimbthesocialladder.DiscussionSAMPLEA:Toreducepoverty,itisveryimportanttolowerbirthrates,asthespeakersuggestedinhislecture.B:True.Smallerfamilieshavefewerexpensesandmorechancestoincreasetheirearningandsavings.A:Moreover,developingcountrieswithlowerbirthrateshavehadfastereconomicgrowth.B:It'sequallyimportanttopopularizeeducation.A:Yes,investingineducation,especiallyforwomen,canreducepoverty.Educated

66women,youknow,havemoreopportunitiestoworkandachancetolivebetter.A:Moreover,theytendtosendtheirchildrentofoodschoolssothattheywillclimbthesocialladder.A:Thespeakeralsomentionsthenecessitytoimprovethehealth-caresystem.Infact,poorhealthandpovertyarelinked.B:Iagree.Ifyouarenotingoodhealth,youcan'tworkwelltogetgoodpay.What'smore,youhavetospendlotsofmoneyonseeingdoctors.A:Somecountriesareeconomicallybackward,sotheytrytodevelopapowerfultourismindustry,andinthiswaytheyearnalotofmoney.B:Ithinkitismoreimportantforthemtodeveloptheirnationaleconomy.Withfasteconomicgrowth,manypeoplewillshakeoffpoverty.A:Povertycanbealleviatedfurtherbyeconomicaidfromrichcountries.B:ButIthinktechnologicalaidfromadvancedcountriescanbemoresignificant.Withbettertechnology,poorcountriescandevelopfasterontheiron,.AstheChinesesayinggoes,itisbettertoteachsomeonehowtofishthantogivehimfish.A:Iflessdevelopedcountriesareallowedtoexportmoreoftheirworkforce,theycanearnmoreforeigncurrency.B:Thisrequiresdevelopednationstolowertheirtariffbarriers.VI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingTaskl:HeldBackBecauseISpeakSpanishScriptIwasraisedspeakingEnglish,butIalsospokeSpanishathome.WhenIwenttoschoolforthefirsttime,IwasenrolledinESLclasses-classesofEnglishasaSecondLanguage.IwasalsoputintheLimitedEnglishProficiencyProgram.Inalltheseclasses,Ialwaysgotthehighestgrades.Iwasthebestreaderandspeaker.Thereasnoreasonformetobeinanyofthoseclasses.WhenmyparentsdiscoveredthatIwasinthoseclassesinsteadofinregularclasseswithotherEnglish-speakingstudents,theywenttotheschooladministrationtocomplainaboutthediscrimination.Theschoolhadnothingtosay.MyparentstriedtogetmeoutoftheESLclasses,buttheschoolfoughtitveryhardtokeepmethere.Andthenwefoundoutwhy—foreverystudenttheschoolhadintheESLandLimitedEnglishProficiencyProgram,theywouldreceive$400.Thiswasprettydevastating.TheschooFsonlyexcuseforkeepingmetherewasbecauseIlivedinaSpanish-speakinghousehold,andthat1wasinfluencedbythewaymyparentsspoke.Myparentswereoutraged,butIremainedintheESLandLimitedEnglishProficiencyProgramuntilIwasinthefifthgrade.Thenparentstransferredmetoanotherschoolwheretheyhadfriends.ThenewschoolgavemeanEnglishproficiencytest.Iacedit.SOIdidn'thavetoattendthoseprogramsfornon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Iwasfinallyontherighttrackandbackattheheadoftheclass.ThefirstschoolIhadwouldhaveneverletmeoutofthoseprogramsorevenletmetakethetest.Iwastoo“Spanish“fortern.25.Whatkindofclassdoesthespeakerthinkheshouldattend?

6725.WhatwastherealreasonthespeakerwasplacedinaLimitedEnglishProficiencyclass?26.WhatwastheexcusetheschoolusedtoputthespeakerinanESLclass?27.HowdidthespeakerperformintheregularEnglishclass?28.Whenthespeakerdescribedhisfirstschool,whatwerehisfeeling?Keys:l.C2.D3.A4.B5.ATask2:Drinking,GamblingandGolf

68ScriptAmanwaswalkinginthecitywhenhewasaccostedbyaparticularlydirty-lookingbum,whoaskedhimforacoupleofdollarsfordinner.Themantookouthiswallet,extractedtwodollarsandasked,“IfIgiveyouthismoney,willyoutakeitandbuywhiskey?”"No,Istoppeddrinkingyearsago,“thebumsaid."Willyouuseittogamble?""Idon'tgamble.IneedeverythingIcangetjusttostayalive?""Willyouspendthemoneyongreenfeesatagolfcourse?""Areyounuts?Ihaven'tplayedgolffor20years!"Themadsaid,"Well,I'mnotgoingtogiveyoutwodollars.Instead,I'mgoingtotakeyoutomyhomeforaterrificdinnercookedbymywife."Thebumwassurprised,"Won'tyourwifebefuriouswithyoufordoi呼that?IknowI'mdirty,andIprobablysmellprettybad."Themanreplied,"That'sOK.Ijustwanthertoseewhatamanlookslikewho'dgivenupdrinking,gambling,andgolf."Task3:Whybuylotterytickets?ScriptCharles:Didyouhear?Nextweek'slotterywillbe28milliondollars!Yougotyourticketyet?Joan:Ididn'tbuylotterytickets,andIdon'tgambleonotherways,either.Lotteryticketsatejustanotherwayoftaxingthepoor.Charles:Whatdoyoumeanbythat?Joan:Manyofthebigspendersonlotteryticketsatepoor.Theyarespendingmoneytheycan'taffordtospend.Charles:Ijustbuylotteryticketsforfun.Youknow...thefirstprizeisahugeamount,andifwouldbeexciting.Joan:Butyoudon'tneedthemoneytoenjoylife,soforyouit'sagame.Butwhenthepoorbuylotterytickets,itisoftenoutofdesperation.Charles:Youmustberight.Casinosareopeningeverywhere,andmanypeoplegoongamblingholiday—youcaneventakeagamblingcruise.Joan:Imaginebeingonanoceancruiseandspendingallyourtimeindoorsbentoveracardtableoraroulettewheel.Charles:MaybethereshouldbesomeprogramstohelppeopleovercometheirgamblingaddictionssomethingsimilartoAlcoholicsAnonymous.Joan:There'sindeedanonlineprogramthatcanhelp.Butnobodycanforcegamblerstojoinit.Theymustfirstwanttobecuredthemselves.ForReference

696.Shethinksmany(ofthe)bigspendersonlotteryarepoor,spendingmoneytheycan'taffordtospend.7.Hejustbuyslotteryticketsfoefun.Hethinksifhewonahugeamount,itwouldbeexciting.8.Theybuylotteryticketsoutofdesperation.Andthethrillofawin,ofsomethingfornothing,isaddictive.9.Casinosareopeningeverywhere,manypeoplegoongamblingholidays,andonecaneventakeagamblingcruise.10.Itwillbehelpfultohabitualgamblersonlywhentheywanttobecuredthemselves.NewsReportHumanityisindivisible.ScriptKofiAnnan,Secretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations:Peacemustbesoughtaboveallbecauseitisaconditionforeverymemberofthehumanfamilytolivealifeofdignityandsecurity.Wehaveenteredthethirdmillenniumthroughagateoffire.Iftoday,afterthehorrorof11September,weseebetterandweseefarther,wewillrealizethathumanityisindivisible.Newthreatsmakenodistinctionbetweenraces,nations,orregions.Anewinsecurityhasenteredeverymind,regardlessofwealthorstatus.Adeeperawarenessofthebondsthatbindusall,inpainandinprosperity,hasgrippedyoungandold...becausebeneaththesurfaceofstateandnations,ideasandlanguage,liesthefateofindividualhumanbeingsinneeded.AnsweringtheirneedswillbethemissionoftheUnitedNationsinthecenturytocome.Thankyouverymuch.Uint711.BasicListeningPractice12.ScriptM:Nowwehavesatelliteandhigh-poweredmicroscope,it'seasytothinkweknoweverythingabouttheworld;butwestilldon'tunderstandEINino.W:Right.ScientistsallovertheworldoverareevenuncertainaboutthecauseofthewarmPacificcurrentthatbringsstormsordrought-themysteriousEINino.

70Q:Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheconversation?2.ScriptM:Everyoneistalkingaboutenvironmentalproblem:acidrain,thegreenhouseeffect,holesintheozonelayer.Weshouldthinkpositively.Whatcanwedotoimprovethings?W:Iagree.Wecoulddoalotmoretoharnessthesun'senergyforheatingandlightinginourhomes.InJapan43,000solarroofswereinstalledin2002.Q:Howdothemanandthewomanviewtheenvironment?3.ScriptW:WelivedinBeijingsomeyearsago.Itwasalwaysdifficulttokeepthehousecleanwithwindfromthenorthblowingsandfromthedesertatus.M:That'swhytheChinesegovernmenthasbeenencouragingpeopletoplanttreesalongtheedgesoftheGobiDesert.Nowthosetreesactaswindbarriers.Q:Whatdidthegovernmentencouragepeopletodo?4.ScriptM:ManyoldrefrigeratorsandcarsareenvironmentalhazardsbecausetheycontainCFCsthatdestroytheozonelayer.W:Yes,butgovernmentororganizationsarehelpingpeopletosafelydisposeofoldrefrigeratorsor,inthecaseofcars,toupgradetheirairconditioning.Q:Whataregovernmentdepartmentshelpingpeopletodo?5.ScriptM:Hey,that'sanaerosolsprayyou'reusingonyourhair!Buildabomborsetfiretotheapartmenttokillusquicklyinsteadofmakingholesintheozone,sowedieofcancer.W:Coolit,man.Thisspraydoesn'tcontainCFCs.Andyou'dbetterreadalittlemore.In2003theholeintheozonelayershrankby20percent,sothere'snoreasontopanic.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?Keys:l.B2.D3.A4.A5.CIII.ListeningInTask1:Weshouldhaveproperrespectfornature!ScriptMartha:Doyouthinkmostpeopleinyourculturerespectnature?Ed:Ithinkso.Umm...morenowthanbefore.Martha:Whatdoyouthinkisthemostseriousenvironmentproblemintheworldtoday?Ed:Today...Ithinkdamagetotheozonelayerisabigproblem;andanotherproblemispollutioninbigcitiesandthingslikethat.

71Martha:Howdoyoulearnaboutenvironmentalproblems?Ed:Umm...throughschool.Alotofclubspromoteenvironmentalsafely,andsomeTVprograms,too.Theytalkaboutenvironmentalsafelyandstufflikethat.Martha:Doyouthinkstudentsshouldlearnmoreabouttheenvironmentatschool?Ed:Ithinkso.So,astheygrowolder,theycanbemoreawareofalltheproblemsthataregoingon.Andalsotopreventmoreproblemsfromoccurring.Martha:Ifyoucouldcreateanewlawtohelptheenvironment,whatwoulditbe?Ed:Anewlawfortheenvironment?Umm...I'dprobablysaythatwhenpeoplethrowawaytheircigarettebutts,theyhavetothrowthemintothegarbagebin,notjustthrowthemeverywherebecauseit'sjustlitteringandIhatethat.Sotheyshouldbefinediftheythrowthemonthefloorontheground.Martha:That'sagoodidea.Whatdoyoupersonallydotohelpprotecttheenvironment?Ed:I'msoagainstlittering.Ineverlitter.IfIseesomebodylitter,Igetreallyangry.SoIalwaysthrowmytrashintothegarbagebin.WhilebeinginterviewedbyMartha,Edsaidmorepeopleinhisculturerespectnatureeverbefore.Whenaskedaboutthemostseriousenvironmentalproblemintheworldtoday,hementionedthedamagedozonelayerandthepollutioninbigcities.Edlearnedaboutenvironmentalproblematschool.AlotofclubsandsomeTVprogramspromoteenvironmentalsafely.Hebelievesthatstudentsshouldlearnmoreabouttheenvironmentatschool.Thentheycanbemoreawareofalltheproblemsandpreventmoreproblemsfromoccurring.Whenaskedaboutanewlawhewouldliketocreatetohelptheenvironment,hesaidthatwhenpeoplethrowawaytheircigarettebutts,theyhavetothrowtheminthegarbagebin.Theyshouldbefinediftheythrowthemonthefloor.Personally,Edissosetagainstlitteringthatheneverlitters.Healwaysthrowshistrashintothegarbagebin.Task2:AWorkQualificationTestScriptAccordingtoareportbyAustralianresearchers,theholeintheozonelayeroverAntarcticawillprobablystartclosingwithinfiveyears.Theysayitmaybecompletelyclosedwithinfiftyyears.TheozonelayerprotectstheEarthfromdangerousradiationfromthesun.TheholeintheozonelayerwasdiscoveredoverAntarcticaalmostthirtyyearsago.Atthetime,itwasthreetimesthesizeofAustralia.Thereportfoundthatozone-destroyinggasesintheupperatmospherewereatorneartheirhighestlevelsintheyear2000.Butsincethen,therehasbeecontinuousprogressmadetowardtherecoveryoftheozonelayer.Satelliteinformationshowedthatlevelsofozone-destroyinggasesintheatmosphereareslowlydecreasing.Atitslargestthisyear,theozoneholecoveredmorethan15million

72squarekilometers.Thatisdownfromayearlyaverageof23millionsquarekilometersoverthelastsixyears.Chlorofluorocarbons,orCFCs,areresponsiblefordestroyingpartoftheozonelayeroverAntarctica.CFCshavebeenwidelyusedsincethe1930sincoolingdevicessuchasrefrigeratorsandairconditioners.CFCsremainintheatmosphereforyears.Governmentscientistsaythelevelofchlorineintheatmosphereisdecreasingbecauseofrestrictionsontheuseofchlorofluorocarbons.ThechemicalswererestrictedunderaninternationalagreementcalledtheMontrealProtocolin1987.UndertheProtocol,developingcountriespromotedtocuttheiruseofchlorofluorocarbonsinhalfbytheyear2005.Theyalsoagreedtoaneighty-fivepercentcutbytheyear2oo7.Keys:FTTFTForReference7.ItwasthreetimesthesizeofAustralia.8.TheypromisedtocuttheiruseofCFCsinthehalfby2005andagreedtoan85percentcutby2007.Task3:AMildEINinoScriptTheEINinoweatherconditionhasreturned.However,officialattheUnitedStatesNationalWeatherServicesayElNinoisweakerthanusualthisyear.EINinoisachangeintheatmosphereoverthePacificOcean.Ithappenseveryfourorfiveyears.Normally,watertemperaturesinthewesternPacificOceanincreaseneartheendoftheyear.ThiscausemorerainfallinIndonesia,Australiaandothernearbyplace.Atthesametime,coldoceanwatercauselessrainfallintheeasternPacificOcean,nearSouthAmerica.TheoppositehappensduringEINino.PacificOceantemperaturesincreasenearSouthAmerica,causingunusuallyhighamountsofrainfallthere.Incontrast,EINinocausesdryweatherinIndonesiaandAustralia.AstrongEINinocanseverelyaffecttheweatherallovertheworld.ThelastpowerfulEINinowasin1997and1998.Itcausedmajorfloodsinmanyplaces.EINinoalsoledtoextremelydryweatherinsomeotherareas.Reportssaytheweathercausedthedeathsofabout24,000people.SoexpertssayhavingaweakerEINinothisyearisgoodnews.MeteorologistssayrainfiillhasbeenhigherthanusualinSouthAmerica.TheexpertssaytheeffectsofEINinowill

73begintoshowinNovemberintheUnitedStates.Thenorthernstatesmayhaveawarmerwinter.But,scientistssayEINinowillnotbestrongenoughtopreventthisyear'spowerfulstormsintheAtlanticOcean.31.Accordingtothepassage,howoftendoesEINinohappen?32.WhatnormallyhappensinthewesternPacificOcean?33.WhatdidtheEINinoin1997and1998cause?34.WhatisNOTmentionedasaresultofthisyear'sEINino?35.Whatisthecentralideaofthepassage?Kes:1C2.A3.D4.B5.CForReferencePacificOceantemperaturesincreasenearSouthAmerica,causingunusuallyhighlevelofrainfallthere.DryweatherresultsinAustralia.IV.SpeakingOutMODEL1OurglobeisindangerJohn:HowisyourGrandmagettingalongduringthisusuallyhotweather?Nora:Overthelastfewyears,Grannyhasbeencomplainingthatthehot,humidweatheriskillingher.Shebelievestheweatherhaschanged.John:Whatshemeansistheclimate'slong-termconditions;weatherrefersonlytoday-to-dayconditions.Nora:Yeah,shesayssummerishotter,andwinterwetter.ButItriedtocomforther,saying,"It'sallinyourmind,Granny."John:She'sright,youknow.Thngreenhouseeffectdoesbringglobalwarmingandrain.Nora:HowcanIexplainglobalwarmingandgreenhousegasestoa97-year-oldGranny?John:Tellhertheearthnowislikearealgreenhousemadeofglasspanelsthatletinlightandtrapheat.Nora:Thinkshe'llwanttoknowthatcarbonmonoxidefromearthmakesgreenhousegases?

74John:Everybodyshouldknowwhatcauseglobalwarming;otherwisewewon'tstopit.Nora:I'lltellGrannynottoburnanymorewoodorcoal,ortousesprayonthehair.John:OK,jokeaboutit,butitwon'tbesofunnywhenthepolaricecapsmeltandoceansrise.NowYourTYirnSAMPLEDIALOGA:Howareyougettingalongduringthisusuallyhotweather?B:Notwellatall.Overthelastfewweeksthehot,humidweatheriskillingme.Ibelievetheclimatehaschanged.A:Yeah,thesummerishotter,andwinterwetter.B:Doyouknowwhyallthishashappened?A:Thegreenhouseeffectsbringglobalwarmingandrain.B:Whatdoyoumeanbygreenhouseeffects?A:Theearthisnowlikearealgreenhousemadeofglasspanelsthatletlightinandtrapheat.Youknow,carbonmonoxidefromearthisagreenhousegas.B:Isee.Everybodyshouldknowwhatcauseglobalwarming;otherwisewewon'tstopit.A:Theimportantthingisthathumanbeingsshouldtakestepstoreduceglobalwarming.B:Whatcanwedothen?Perhapsweshouldnotbumanymorewoodorcoal.A:Right.AlsoweshouldtrytoproducelessCFCsorFreon.B:Howcanweachievethat?A:Don'tuseaerosolsprayonyourhair,anddependlessonair-conditionersandrefrigerators..B:Butit'shardtogiveupallthis.A:Butwemusttakeactionbeforepolaricecapsmeltandoceansrise.MODEL2Rainforestswillsoonbeonlyamemory.ScriptSusan:Hey,Chris,thereisanenvironmentalgrouponcampusaskingfo「donationstosavetherainforests.Chris:Sowhat?Susan:Sowhat?!Don'tyouwanttosavetherainforests?Chris:Butthere'renorainforestsinourcountry.Theyneedhot,tropicalclimates.Susan:Comeon.Arainforestisanyforestwhereheavyrainfallleadstodensevegetation.Tropicalrainforestscanbefoundinhoe,tropicalareas,buttherearealsocoolrainforests,includingoneinsoutheastAlaska.Chris:Howdidyouknowthat?Susan:Well,I'vejustreadabookonrainforests.Youknow,140nillionpeopleliveintheworld'srainforests,and35percentoftheworld'splantandanimalspeciesexistonlyinrainforests.

75Chris:Wow,I'mimpressed.Sowhatelsehaveyoulearned?Susan:Mostoftheworld'srainforestsareindangerofdestructionbyloggers,farmersanddevelopers.Theyaredisappearingatarateof1000acresaminute!Chris:It'sterrible!Susan:Yeah,we'vegottofindawaytosavethem.Nowwouldyouliketogiveadonation?Chris:Sure.NowYourTYirnSAMPLEDIALOGA:Mostoftheworld'srainforestsareindangerofdestructionbyloggers,formersanddevelopers.Theyaredisappearingatarateof100acresaminute!B:Whatatragedy!,Manyoftheworld'splantandanimalspeciesexistonlyinrainforests.A:Wereallyneedtosavethebeautifulforests.B:Yeah,we'vegottofindawaytosavethem.A:Doyouknowourmayorismakingacalltoplanttrees?B:Yeah,wedohavetoplantmoretrees.IhearChinadoesn'thavealotofforestscomparedwithmanycountries.A:That'strue.I'vejustreadanarticleaboutafforestation.China'sforestcoverageratewas18.21percentlastyea,rankingonly130thintheworld.B:Nowonderwehavetoplatmoretrees.A:Don'tloseheart.Progresshasbeenremarkable.In2000theratewasjust16.55percent.B:Anyothergoodnews?A:Chinahassteppedupitstree-plantingefforts.Nowit'stheworld'sNo.lplanteroftrees.B:Wow,I'mimpressed.MODEL3Whataterriblesandstorm!ScriptSusan:Hey,John.You'reback.Afewdaysago,abigsandstormhitourcityJohn:Oh,that'sbad.Susan:Theairwasfullofdirtandsandanddust.1hadtowearascarfaroundmyhead.John:Thedust,asIknow,comesfromMongolia.Andfrommyreadinginscience,I'veheardthedustoftencomesafteralongperiodofdrought.Susan:Thisisaseriousprobleminmanypartsoftheworld,andunfortunatelyourcityisoneofthem.

76John:Andifthedroughtcontinues,thesoiliseasilyairborne.Andthenifthewindcomes,thesoilcanbelifteduponthecoldarethatrisesup,anditcantravelverylongdistances.Susan:Normally,whenthere'sawind,itcancleariheair,andyouhavebeautifulweather.Butwhenthedustisbroughtinwiththewind,thenyoucan'tbreathe,youcan'tseewell,andit'sdangerousfordriving,orforwalking.John:Yeah.Youknow,whenthedustisliftedupitcangoashigh3,000meters.Andit'snotjustChinathathasproblems,butmanyothercountries.Forexample,themiddleofAustraliasometimeshasduststorms,andsomeofthedustgoesupveryhigh,goesacrosstheocean,andfallsdownonNewZealand.Susan:Notaveryniceneighbor.John:Isthereasolutiontotheproblem?Susan:Weneedtoplantmoretreesandgrasssothatthesoilcanstaywhereitis.John:Nowonderthegovernmentislaunchinganewafforestationprograminabidtaddresstheenvironmentalproblem.NowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOGA:I'msogladtobebackhome,again.Oh,whataclearbluesky!B:Yes,thewindhasclearedtheair.Ihopeyoustillrememberthesituationacoupleofyearsage;thatis,whenyouwerehere.Eachspringabigsandstormstruckourcity.A:Oh,thatwasbad.Thatairwasfilledwithsandanddust.Ihadtowearascarfaroundmyhead.B:Ihadtocovermymouthandnosewithahandkerchief.Andfocialmakessoldwell.Thedustcamefromthenorth,anditoftenroseafteralongdryspell.A:Ifthedroughtcontinued,thesoilwaseasilyairborne.Andwhenthewindcame,thesoilwassweptuponthecoldair,anditcouldtravelverylongdistances.B:Whenthedustwasbroughtinwiththewind,wecouldhardlybreathe,wecouldn'tseewell,anditwasdangerousfordriving.A:Howdidyourtownsolvetheproblem?B:Notonlyourtown.Infact,peopleinthewholeprovinceplantedalotoftreesandgrasssothatthesoilwouldstaywhereitis.A:Isee.Thegovernmentlaunchedanafforestationprojecttodealwiththesandstorm.Thegreenshelterbeltisplayingarole.V.LefsTalkScriptLi:HiProfessorWang,I'mLiLin,acorrespondentfromtheUniversity

77Newspaper*.Thestaffandstudentsherearegettingmoreandmoreinterestedintherelationshipbetweentheenvironmentanddevelopment.Whatdoyouthinkisthemostseriousenvironmentalproblematpresent?Whatmeasuresshouldweadopttoimprovetheenvironmentanddeveloptheeconomyatthesametime?Wang:Therearemanyenvironmentalproblems:airpollution,waterpollution,desertification,over-fishing,destructionofnaturalhabitats,acidtrain,over-consumptionofwildanimalsandplants,etc.Butlyingatthecenterofallthoseproblems,asIseeit,isthecontradictionbetweeneconomicgrowthandtheenvironment.SincetheUnitedNationsEarthSummitin1992,moreandmorepeopleandgovernmentshaveadoptedanewidea;thatis,“sustainabledevelopment'9.Thismeanstoday'seconomicgrowthshouldnotwipeoutheresourcesandoptionsforfuturegenerations.Planninganddevelopmentshouldensurenotonlyeconomicgrowth,butalsosocialadvancementandenvironmenthealth.Inotherwords,someeconomicbehaviormustberestrictedorcontrolled.Instillingprinciplesofdevelopmentintogovernmentplanning,resourcemanagementandeconomicpolicyisthemostimportantstepChinacouldtaketosolveitsenvironmentalproblems.Chinahasalreadytakensomeremarkablestepstoreducedamagetotheenvironment.Forinstance,followingthehugefloodsof1998,thegovernmentbannedloggingintheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiverinordertoprotectforestsandreducetheriskoffloods.Still,thebasiccontradictionbetweenenvironmentanddevelopmentpersists.Muchworkistobedonebeforewecanachievetheaimofabalancebetweeneconomicgrowthandtheenvironment.EnvironmentProblemsairpollution,waterpollution,desertification,over-fishing,destructionofnaturalhabitats,acidtrain,over-consumptionofwildanimalsandpkinis,etc.Centralproblemsthecontradictionbetweeneconomicgrowthandtheenvironment.ANewIdeasustainabledevelopment;itmeans:(1)Today'seconomicgrowthshouldnotwipeoutheresourcesandoptionsforfuturegenerations.(2)Planninganddevelopmentshouldensurenotonlyeconomicgrowth,butalsosocialadvancementandenvironmenthealth.(3)someeconomicbehaviormustberestrictedorconlrolledWhatChinaCouldDoInstillprinciplesofsustainabledevelopmentintogovernmentplanning,resourcemanagementandeconomicpolicy

78WhatChinaHasDoneChinahasalreadytakensomeremarkablestepstoreducedamagetotheenvironment.e.g.Followingthehugefloodsof1998,thegovernmentbannedloggingintheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiverTheAimAbalancebetweeneconomicgrowthandtheenvironment.DebateSAMPLEA:Inmyopinion,wemustgiveprioritytoeconomicgrowth.AtpresentChina'seconomyisnotstrongenough,andtheper-capitaGDPismuchsmallerthanthoseofadvancedcountries.B:Ibegtodiffer.Comparedwith30yearsago,theChineseeconomyhasdevelopedagreatdeal,andatthesametimeithasproducedalotofpollution.Itishightimewegaveenvironmentalconservationserousconsideration.A:Itseemstomethatit'smoreurgentforustoimprovepeople'slife.Ifwedon'tboostoureconomy,wecan'traisethelivingstandards..B:I'dliketodrawyourattentiontothefactthatenvironmentalproblemsarealreadyaffectingpeople'slives.Didn'tyouhearthatthepoisonoussubstancesfactoriesdumpintoriversarekillingfishandcausingcanceramongpeople?A:Well,youhaveapointthere,butweshouldbeawarethataneconomicallybackwardnationisalsomilitarilyweak,andthereforeittendstobebulliedbystrongercountries.B:IfChinawantstofollowthetrendtowardeconomicglobalization,ithastomeettheinternationalenvironmentalcriteria.Evenifyoucanmakealotofproducts,theycan'tbeexportediftheyareenvironmentallyunfriendly.A:OK,peoplewe'dbettercombineoutpointofviewandstrikeabalancebetweeneconomicgrowthandenvironmentalconservation.B:Thatcertainlymakessense.Whatweneedissustainabledevelopment.A:Toachievethisgoal,wehavetoburnlesscoal,petroleumandwoodbecausetheycan'tereproducedeasily.B:Righton,wecanrelymoreonsolarenergy.Wecanalsomakemoreuseofwaterpowerifthedamswebuilddon'tpresentgreatenvironmentalhazards.A:Also,weshouldnotbuildsomanyroadsbecausetheyoccupysomuchfarmland.B:Yeah,weshouldturnmoretowatertransportation.Bytransportingmorecargoalongriversandthecoast,wecaneasetheburdenonhighwaytransportation.

79VI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingTaskl:ThickCloudofPollutionCoveringSouthernAsiaScriptAUnitedNationsstudysaysthatathickcloudofpollutioncoveringsouthernAsiathreatensthelivesofmillionsofpeople.Scientistssaythepollutioncouldincreaselungdiseaseandcauseearlydeaths.Thecloudisalsodamagingagricultureandaffectingrainfalllevels.IthasaffectedmanycountriesinsouthernAsia.Thepollutioncloudisthreekilometershigh.Scientistssayitcanmovehalfwayaroundtheworldinaweek.Thecloudistheresultofforestfires,theburningofagriculturalwaste,andhugeincreasesintheburningoffuelsbyvehicles,industriesandpowerstations.Pollutionfrommillionsofbadcookingstoveshsmadetheproblemworse.Manypoorpeopleburnoffuelswoodandanimalwasteinsuchstoves.ScientistssaythiscombinationcouldbechangingwinterrainfalllevelsinAsia.TheysayrainfallhasincreasedovertheeasterncoastofAsia.ButithasdroppedsharplyoverpartsofnorthwesternAsia.ThereportsaysthecloudcouldreducerainfallovernorthwesternPakistan,Afghanistan,andwesternChinabyuptofortypercent.Harmfulchemicalsfromthecloudaremixingwithrainfall.Thisacidraindamagescropsandtreesandthreatenspublichealth.ScientistsareconcernedthatthepollutionwillintensifyduringthenextthirtyyearsasthepopulationofAsiaincreasetoanEstimated5,000millionpeople.30.Whatisthetrueofthecloudofpollution?31.WhatisNOTthecauseofthecloudofpollution?32.Whatdoesthecloudofpollutionbringabout?33.Whywillthepollutionintensifyinthenext30years,accordingtothepassage?34.Whatdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthepassage?Keys:1.D2.B3.A4.C5.CTask2:Mountainregionsfaceanumberofdangers.ScriptMountainpeoplearoundtheworldareingreatdangerofthenegativeeffectsoftheworseningenvironment,accordingtoaUNreport.Asglobalwarminganddeforestationaccelerateandtechnologymakeswilderplacesmoreaccessible,environmentalandsocialpressuresontheworld'sremotestregionsincreases.TheUNhasfoundthatmanymountainousregions—inhabitedbyoneoutoffiveofthe

80world'speople—arebarelyrecognizablewhentheyarecomparedtowhattheyerelike60yearsago.Thisismostlybecauseforestswerecuttomakewayforcattlegrazingandagriculture.TheauthorsoftheUNstudyexpect98percentofitsmountainareastoexperiencesevereclimatechangeby2055.Biologicallossesareexpectedtobeheavy.ThemountainsofEurope,partofCaliforniaandthenorthwestAndesinSouthAmericaareamongthemostthreatenedmountainareasintheworldandshouldbegivenpriorityinconservation.TheUNisanxioustoraiseawarenessoftheproblemfacingmountainareasbecausetheyareinhabitedbysomeofthemostvulnerablepeople.rFhesepeoplecouldlosetheircultureandtheirlivelihoodwitheventhesmallestshiftsinclimate.Atthesametime,manymountainregionsarelosingpeople.ThousandsofvillagesinEuropearedesertedmostoftheyear.InotherareaslikeNepal,peoplearedriftingtothecitiesinsearchofwork.Task3:DiggingaHoleScriptAfellowstoppedataruralgasstationand,afterfillinghistank,heboughtasoftdrink.Hestoodbyhiscartodrinkhiscolaadwatchedtwomenworkingalongtheroadside.Oneworkerwoulddigaholetwoorthreefeetdeepandthenmoveon.Theotherworkercamealongbehindandfilledinthehole.Whileonewasdigginganewhole,theotherwasabout25feetbehindfillingintheoldhole.“Holdit,holditJthefellowsaidtothemen."Canyoutellmewhat'sgoingonherewiththisdigging?"“Well,weworkforthecountrygovernment,"oneofthemensaid.“Butoneofyouisdiggingaholeandtheotherisfillingitup.You'renotaccomplishinganything.Aren'tyouwastingthecountry'smoney?"“Youdon'tunderstand,mister,"oneofthemensaid,learningonhisshovelandwipinghisbrow."Normally,there'sthreeofus,me,Joe,andMike.Idigthehole,JoesticksinthetreeandMikehereputsthedirtback."“Yeah,"pipedupMike.“NowJoeissickbutthatdoesn'tmeanwecan'twork,doesit?"ForReference6.Oneworkerwoulddigaholetwoorthreefeetdeepandthenmoveon.Theotherworkercamealongbehindandfilledinthehole.7.Heaskedthem,“Canyoutellmewhat'sgoingonherewiththisdigging?,7Heaskedthemwhatwasgoingontherewiththatdigging.9.Becauseoneofthemwasdiggingaholeandtheotherwasfillingitup.Theywerenotaccomplishinganything.10.Normallytherewerethreeofthem,theworkerwhoansweredhim,JoeandMike.Thefirstmandugthehole,Joestuckinthetree,andMikeputthedirtback.

81NewsReportSanta'sHometowninDangerScriptWeatherexpertsmayhavefoundanewproblemcausedbyglobalwarming,onewhichmanypeoplewillpayattentionto:TherearesignsthatSanta'shomeintheNorthmaybeintroublebecauseofwarmertemperatures.TheFinnishtownofRovaniemiontheArcticCircle,whichmanyEuropeanssayisthehomeofSantaClaus,hashaditswarmestwinterin40years.Asaresult,therehasbeenmuchlesssnowthanusual—meaningnosnowmen,nosnowballsandpossiblenotenoughsnowforSantatoridehissleighon.Moreimportantforlocalresidents,itmaymeanfewertourists,aswell.Santa'swintryhometownnormallyattractsthousandsofvisitorseachyear,andmillionsofdollars.AnnePelttari-Bergman,thetown'stouristdirector,worriesthatthetowncouldbeintroubleifsnowlevelsdonotreturntonormal.Sheexplains:"Snowisreallyimportantforus,ofcourse.ForSantaClaus,forChristmastourism,andalsoforourwintertourismbecausewinterisourbestseason.Itisreallyimportantforus."Weatherexpertsandtownresidentsarehopingthiswarmwinterisaone-timething.FewpeoplecanimagineaholidaywhenevenSantadoesnothaveawhiteChristmas.FlyingthereisnothalfthefunII•BasicListeningPracticeUnit81ScriptM：wouldyoupreferawindoworanaisleseat,madam?W：Aisle,please.Ifthere*snoneleft,thenawind〇wseatisOK.ButIdon*tlikemiddleseats〇Q:whatistheorderofthewoman'spreference?C:aisle-wingdow-minddle2ScriptM：I'dliketoflyeconomytoThailandonOctober8th.1wanttobooktwotickets.W：wehaveonlyoneseatleftineconomy,butwewillgiveyoutwobusinessclassseatsforthesamepriceasoneeconomyand,onebusinessclassseat.Q：Whatcanthemanget?B:Twobusinessclassticketsatareducedprice3.ScriptM：Excuseme,wheredoIcheckinforBritishAirwaystoLondon?Ican'tfindtherightcheck-incounter.W：YoushouldgotoCounter26ontheleft-handside.sir.It'sjustnexttoThaiAir.You'dbetterhurry,though.There'salongqueue

82Q：Whatdoesthewomansay?”C)TheBritishAirwayscounteriscounter26.3.ScriptW：Airportsecuritychecksalwaysmakemenervous.I'mafraidV11setoffthealarmbecauseofthejewelryI'mwearing.M：Iknow.I'llsetoffthesecurityalarm.IhaveasteelplateinmyarmfromarugbyInjury.Q：Whywillthemansetofthealarm?D)Becausehehasametalplateinhisbody4.ScriptM：Welcomehome!Here,letmetakeyoursuitcase.Thecarisoutintheparkinglot.yourplanewastwohourslate：youmustbeexhausted.W：Yes,wehavetocheckinthreehoursbeforetake-offtime；secufityguardstakeagessearchingcarry_0nstuff,buttheyignorecheck-inbaggage.Strangesystem.Q：WhatisthewomanNOTcomplainingabout?A)Securityguardssearchhercheck-insuitcaseCBCDAIII.ListeningInTask1:thesmallertheairport,thebiggerthecheckupPaul：Theairportsecuritycheckssometimesseemverystrangetome.Sylvia：Whatdoyoumean?Paul：Ijustcompletedaninternationalflight.AndwithallthethreatstosecurityoftraveltodayIexpectedtohavemyluggagesearched.Sylvia：that'sunderstandable.Imean,withallthefearthat'soutthereaboutterrorism,ofcoursethey'regoingtocheckyourbaggage一especiallyyourcarry一ons.Paul：Idon'tmindthemcheckingmybaggage.Infact,Iexpectit.Butthereseemstobeaninverseratioatwork.Sylvia：Whatonearthdoyoumean?Theycheckeveryone'sbaggage,don'tthey?Paul：Yes,buthere'swhat'sfunny：Thesmallertheairport,thegreaterthesecurity.Thelesslikelyaplaneistobehijacked,themoreprecautionstheytake.Sylvia：Areyouserious?Whyshouldasmallairportbemoreawareofsecuritythanalargeone?Paul：Here'swhatI'veexperienced：Onceatasmallairport,theyseizedarollofadhesivetapeandarguedthatitcouldbeusedinhijacking.Thentheyaskedmetoremovemydigitalcamerafromitscaseanddemonstratethatitcouldtakepictures.Sylvia：Andisthisdifferentfromalargeairport?Paul：Accordingtomyexperience,itis.WhenIflewfromVancouvertoParis,theysimplyranmybagsthroughthescanner,and1wasonmywaySylvia：Ifthat'sthecase,thebaggagecheckingsystemisreallystrange.

83Paulfindstheairportsecuritycheckssometimesverystrange.Inaninternationalflighthedidexpecttohavehisluggagesearched.Sylviaagrees,knowingthatwithal1thefearthat'soutthereaboutterrorism,theywillcheckpassengers'baggage-especiallytheircarry-ons.Infact,Pauldoesnotmindthemcheckinghisbaggagebutthereseemstobeaninverseratio一atwork：Thesmallertheairport,thegreaterthesecurity.Thelesslikelyaplaneistobehijacked,themoreprecautionstheytake.Paulfurthersaysthatonceatasmallairport,theyseizedarollofadhesivetapetopreventhijacking.Theyalsoaskedhimtoremovehisdigitalcamerafromitscaseanddemonstratethatitcouldtakepictures.Ontheotherhand,alargeairportisdifferent.WhenPau!一flewfromVancouvertoParis,theysimplyranhisbagsthroughthescanner,andhewasonhisway.Finally,SylviaadmitsthatthebaggagecheckingsystemisstrangeTask2:jetlagJetlagisthefeelingoftirednessthatcomesaftercrossingtimezonesinanairplane.Peoplegetjetlagoften,especiallyiftheytravelfar.Forexample,aflightfromNewYorktoBeijingisatongtrip.Passengerswillcrossmanytimezonesandmayhaveabadcaseofjetlag.However,therearesomethingsthatcanhelpreducejetlag.First.drinkalotofliquids.Wateristhebestliquidtodrink.Also,eatlow—fatfoodsduringtheflight.Noodlesarealwaysagoodchoice.Next,trytodosomeexerciseontheplane.Walkaroundorstretchyourmuscles.Also,trytoadjustyourscheduletocorrespondwiththelocaltimeassoonasyoucan.Forinstance,ifyouusuallygotosleepat10p.m.,thenwhenthelocaltimeis10p.m.,gotobed.Finally,whenyouarriveatyourdestination,getsomeexercise.AskthefrontdeskclerkwherethehoteFsgymis.Rememberthatifyouadjustyourscheduletocorrespondwiththelocaltime,yourjetlagwillnotbetoobad.Ingeneral,yourbodytakesonlyafewdaystoresetitsbiologicalclock,andyou'llsoonovercomejetlag.1.T2.F3.F4.F5.TTask3:$10is$10Oneday,anoldmannamedStumpyandhiswifeMarthawenttotheIllinoisStateAviationFairAmanwassellingplanetidesfor$10perperson.Stumpywasfascinatedandsaidto,Martha,UIthinkwereallyshouldtrythat.Marthareplied,WIknowyouwantto,Stumpy,butwehavealotofbills.Youknowthemoneyistight,and$10is$10.“SoStumpywentwithout.Overthenextfewyearstheyreturnedeveryyeartothefair,andthesamethinghappened：Stumpywantedaride,butMarthasaidtheycouldn'taffordit.Finally,whenStumpyandMarthawerebothabout70yearsold,StumpyfixedhiseyesonMarthaandsaid,“Martha,I'm70now,andIdon'tknowifr11evergetthechanceagain,SOIjusthavetohavearideinthatairplane.,Martharepliedinthesameoldfashion,andStumpybecamedepressed.Thepilotstandingnearbyoverheardtheconversationandhecutin,"Excusemefolks,Ihaveadealforyou.I'lltakebothofyouuptogether,andifyoucanbothmaketheentiretripwithoututteringaword.I'11giveyoutherideforfree.Butifeitherofyoumakesasound,it's$10each.MarthaandStumpylookedateachotherandagreed.Thepilottookthemup,andstartedtoclimb,spin,dive,climbandspinagain.Therewasnosound.Afterthepilotlandedtheplane,hepraisedtheoldman,"1wanttocongratulateyoufornotmakingasound.Youareabraveman."MaybeSO,“saidStumpy,"butIgottotellyou,Ialmostscreamedwhenmywifefell

84out,but$10is$101.A)whatdidtheoldmanwant?B)Hewantedtohavearideintheplane.2.Whatreasondidtheoldwomangivefornotridingintheplane?A)Theyhadtopayalotofbills.3.Whathappenedwhentheoldmanandwomanwereabout70yearsold?C)Themanwantedtoflybutthewomandidnotwanthimto.4.Whatdealdidthepilotoffer?C)Thecouplecouldhaveafleerideifneitherofthemmadeasoundduringthetrip.5.Whathappenedtotheoldwomanfinally?D)ShefelloutoftheplanebaccdIV.SpeakingOutMODEL1I,dliketobookhotelandairlinereservations.Travelagent:HorizonTravel,howmayIhelpyou?Helen:ThisisHelenParker.Tdliketobookhotelandairlinereservations.Travelagent:Andwhat'syourdestination.Ms.Parker?Helen:I'mheadedforLasVegastoattendanelectronicstradeshow.Travelagent:OK.Canyouspellyourname,please?Helen:MylastnameisParker,P-A-R-K-E-R,andmyfirstnameisHelen.Travelagent:Willyoubetravelingalone?Helen:Yes,I'llbetravelingbymyself.Travelagent:Willthatbeaone-wayoraround-tripticket?Helen:Return.IplanonleavingJuly21standcomingbackonthe30th.Travelagent:Willyoubeflyingfirstclassorbusinessclass?Helen:No,no,notachance.Economyclass,thecheapest.Ifthere'sathree-starhotellocateddowntown,thatwouldbegreat.Ifithasapool,that'sbetterstill.Travelagent:OK,letmecheckthecomputer.Icanbookyourflightimmediately.I'llhavetoinquireaboutthehotelreservationandcallyouback.Helen:Noproblem.I'mat658-0266,extension513.Illbeexpectingyourcall.Travelagent:OK,Ms.Parker.Thankyouforyourcall.I'llgetbacktoyousoon.Byebye.Helen:ByeNowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOGA:GlobeTravelAgency,canIhelpyou?B:ThisisLindaCarter.I'dliketobookhotelandairlinereservations.A:Whereareyougoing,Ms.Carter?B:I'mheadedforTorontotoattendanindustrialexhibition.A:Couldyouspellyourname,please?

85A:MysurnameisCarter,C-A-R-T-E-R,andmygivennameisLinda.A:Willyoubetravelingbyyourself?B:No,Illbetravelingwithmyboss,JamesAdams.SoIneedtwoticketsandtworooms.A:Wouldyouliketohaveone-wayorround-triptickets?B:Returntickets.Butsincewerenotsurewhenwecancomeback,Ipreferopenticketsforthereturnjourney.A:Willyouflyeconomyclassorbusinessclass?B:Businessclass,please.Mybossalwaysfliesbusinessclass.Ifthere'safive-starhotellocateddowntown,thatwouldbegreat.A:Well,letmecheckthecomputer.Icanbookyourticketsrightnow.I'llhavetocheckthehotelreservationandcallyouback.B:Noproblem.I'mat58855200.I'llbeexpectingyourcall.A:OK.Thankyou.MODEL2LastweekIflewnon-stoptoSa〜Francisco.ScriptNora:HeyJohn.John:heyNora:Itookacourseonhowtheairportruns,andIdon'tsufferfromfearofflyinganymore.LastweekIflewnonstoptoSanFrancisco.John:Congratulations!Whichflightdidyoutake?Nora:UnitedAirlines,FlightUA858.John:Howdiditgo?Everythingsmoothsailing?Nora:Noteverything.SinceIhadn'ttraveledbyairforalongtime,Iwasn'tfamiliarwiththeairport.IttookmequiteawhiletofindtheUnitedAirlinescheck-incounter.John:Thenhowdidyoufindit?Nora:Infact,itwasdisplayedonthemonitor:"FlightUA858“/Counter45."John:AndwaseverythingOKonceyoufoundit?Nora:No,therewasaterribleline-up.Ihadtowaitthereforanhour.John:Isee.Youmusthavebeenburnedoutwaitingbeforeyouevenboardedtheplane.Nora:Thatstillwasn'ttheendofmytroubles.WhenIfinallygottothecounterandhandedinmypassportandticket,theairlineagentlookedatmypassportandatmeagainandagain.John:Why?Didshethinkyourpassportwasafake?Nora:Idon'tknow.Ijusttoldhermyphotodidnotflattermeatall.John:Yourphotocertainlydoesn'tdojusticetoyourbeauty.Nora:Shedidn'tsayanythinglikethat.Fortunately,whenIaskedforanaisleseat,shesaidshehadone.Youknow,Iwouldn'tdaretakeawindowseatandlookoutthewindow.John:1preferanaisleseat,too.ThenIcanstretchmylegsandoccasionallystandupintheaisle.Nora:Finallyshegavemeaboardingpass,anditsaidthatmyflightwouldbeboardingatGate33injustminutes.SoIhadtorun!

86John:That'sbadluck.Butyoumadeit!Goodforyou.NowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOGA:Hey,goodtoseeyouback.Howwasyourtrip?Everythingsmoothsailing?A:Notbad,though1hadalittletroublebeforeboarding.A:Whatwaswrong?B:Iwascaughtinatrafficjamandalmostmissedtheflight.ButImanagedtogettotheairportintimeA:Congratulations!Whichflightdidyoutake?B:BritishAirways,FlightBA554.A:Wasiteasyforyoutofindtherightcounter?B:Yes,theinformationwasdisplayedonthemonitor.A:Sincetherewasnotmuchtimeleftforyou,Ihopetherewasn'taterribleline-upatthecounter.B:Luckily,no.Thequeuewasquiteshort.ButIhadanotherproblem.A:Whatwasthat?B:WhenIhandedinmypassport,theairlineagentlookedatitforalongtime.A:Why?Didtheagentthinkyourpassportwasafake?B:No,shedidn't,butshetoldmethatmypassportwasgoingtoexpireinaweek.Soyousee,Ihadtoflybackquickly.A:Ihopethatwastheendofyourtroubles.B:Notcompletely.Istillhadtroublewithmybaggage.A:Whatwastheproblem?B:Itwasoverweight.Ittookmeawhiletogothroughtheprocedure.A:Anygoodnewsbeforeyouboardedtheplane?B:Yes,whenIaskedforawindowseat,Igotone.Youknow,Iwouldn'tliketotakeanaisleormiddleseatwhereIcouldn'tenjoytheview.A:Ipreferanaisleseat,though.SothatIcanstretchmylegsandoccasionallystandup.B:Finallytheagentgavemetheboardingpass,anditsaidthatmyflightwouldbeboardingatGate24injustminutes.SoIhadtorun!A:Butyoumadeit!GoodforyouMODEL3I'vegotjetlag.ScriptSusan:Wow!Whathappened?Youlooklikesomethingthecatdraggedin.John:Youwouldtooifyou'dbeenthroughwhatIhave.I'vegotjetlag.Susan:Jetlag'snotforreal,isit?It'slikea"brokenheart"-afigureofspeechJohn:It'sforreal.Seemyeyes?They'reallbloodshot.Ican'teat;Ican'tsleep.Susan:Howlongdoesthisjetlaglastafteryou'rehomeagainandwalkinground?John:Idon'tknowexactly.Itcanbeadayforeachhour'sdifferenceintime.Susan:Ouch!Atthatrateit'lltakeyoutwelvedaystorecoverfromtheflight.John:Maybeadrinkontheplanecaneaseyourjetlag.

87Susan:That'snotaverygoodidea.Alcoholdriesyououtwhenit'scombinedwithaltitudeandstaledryairinthecabin.John:Iwonderwhetheralongflightlikethatisworththehighcost.Susan:Takemyadvice.Gobyboat.Arriverestedandreadytoenjoyyourholiday.John:No,it*lltaketoolong-longerthanthetimeformetoresetmybiologicalclockafteraflight.NowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOGA:Wow!What'swrongwithyou?Youlookdeadtired〜A:Youwouldtooifyou'dbeenthroughwhatIhave.I'vegotjetlag.Seemyeyes:they'rebloodshot.Ican'teat;Ican'tsleep.A:Howlongwillthisjetlaglast?B:Idon'tknowexactly.Itcanbeadayforeachhour'sdifferenceintime.A:Ouch!Atthatrateit'lltakeyoutwelvedaystorecover.Maybeadrinkontheplanecansaveyoufromjetlag.B:That'snotagoodsolution,I'mafraid.Alcoholdriesyououtwhenit'scombinedwithaltitudeandstaledryairinthecabin.Butifyoudrinkalotofwater,ithelps.A:let'scheckontheInternettoseehowwecanovercomejetlagquickly.B:Look,here'sanarticle.Soyouneedtogetsomeexercise.Youcangotothegymtoworkout.A:Youshouldtrytomatchyourschedulewiththelocaltime.Whenit'stimetogotobedbutyoudon'tfeelsleepy,youmightaswelltakesleepingpills.B:Whenyoufeelsleepyinbroaddaylight,youcandrinkstrongcoffeetostayawake.A:Inthiswayyoucanresetyourbiologicalclockquickly.V.Let*TalkScriptBeforeIconcludemytalk,I'dliketosummarizewhatwehavecovered.Airtravelhasitsinherentadvantages.Airplanesflyfast,andtheyarenowflyingfasterthanbefore.NowsupersonicpassengerplanescanflyacrosstheAtlanticOceaninjustacoupleofhours.Itisreportedthatnewmodelsarebeingdesigned.InthefuturetheymaycarrypeoplefromNewYorktoLondoninlessthananhour.Inthepastnotmanypeopletraveledbyairbecauseofthehighfares.Nowowingtothemarketcompetition,thefarehasdroppedagreatdeal,somorepeoplearetravelingbyair.Inthe1990s,theUnitedStateswitnessedanexplosivegrowthindemandforairtravel.Manymillionswhohadnever,orrarelyflownbefore,becameregularpassengers.Theyevenjoinedfrequentflyerloyaltyprograms,receivingfreeflightsandothersuchbenefits.Flyinghasbecomeincreasingconvenient.Theintroductionofnewservicesandmorefrequentflightshasmeantthatbusinessflyerscanflytoanothercity,dobusiness,andreturnonthesameday.Thisappliestoalmostanytwopointsinthecountry.Somepassengersworryaboutsafetyinflying.Inacrashthereareusuallynosurvivors.

88However,topreventtragicaccidentsandseriousfinancialloss,airlinesareespeciallycautiousincheckingtheconditionsofaircrafttoreducethepossibilityofaccidentstotheminimum.Itissometimesclaimedthatflyinginvolvesfeweraccidentsthananyothermodesoftravel.Airplanesdohavetheirdisadvantages.Forexample,theyareincapableoftransportinglargequantitiesofcargo.Also,anairportcanbequitefarawayfromthecitycenter.Buttheadvantagesofflyingoutweighthesesmalldrawbacks,andflyingremainsanefficientkindoftransportation.That'stheendofmylecture.NowmayItakeyourquestionsifyouhaveany?ProsandConsofFlyingPro1Anairplanefliesfast(1)SupersonicpassengerplanescanflyacrosstheAtlanticOceaninjustacoupleofhours;(2)InfuturetheymaycarrypeoplefromNowYorktoLondoninlessthananhour.Pro2Thefarehasdroppedagreatdeal,somorepeoplearetravelingbyair:Manymillionsbecameregularpassengers,andevenjoinedfrequentflyerloyaltyprograms.Pro3Flyinghasbecomeincreasinglyconvenient:Businessflierscanflytoanothercity,dobusiness,andreturnonthesameday.Pro4AirlinesarecautiousaboutcheckingtheconditionsofaircrafttoreducethepossibilityofaccidentstotheminimumCon1Theplaneisincapableoftransportinglargequantitiesofcargo.Con2Anairportcanbequitefarawayfromthecitycenter.DissussionSAMPLEA:Ilikeflyingbetterthananyotherwayoftraveling.It'ssofostandconvenientthatyoucanflytoanothercity,dobusiness,andreturnonthesameday,betweenalmostanypointsinthecountry.B:Butlandtransportisnotslow,thankstosuperhighways.What'smore,it'softencheaper.A:I'lladmitairfareisabithigh,butit'sdroppedalot.Thehighspeedandgreatconvenienceareworththemoney.C:Landtransportisoftensafer.Incaseofaccidentslikeafire,youcanjumpoutofthecar.Canyoujumpourofaplane?A:It'struethatinacrashthereareoftennosurvivors.However,airlinesareespeciallycautiousincheckingtheconditionsofaircraft.It'ssometimesbelievedthatflyinginvolvesfeweraccidentsthanotherkindsoftravel.B:Theproblemwithaplaneisthatitcan'ttransportlargequantitiesofcargo.A:Iagree,butcertainlyaplanecancarryperishablegoodslikefreshvegetablestoadistantcityquicklyandsafely.

89A:Butanairportisoftenquitefarawayfromthecitycenter.Sothatwilladdtoyourtravelingtime.Youcan'tflydirectlytoyourfinaldestination.A:Youhaveapointthere.Iknowtruckscanprovidedoor-to-doordeliveryservice,butbusesandtrainscan't.B:OK,let'scometothisconclusion:eachtypeoftransporthasitsownadvantagesanddisadvantages.A:Yes,that'swhynoneofthemhasbeenphasedout.VI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingTaskl:AnOverviewofAirlinesScriptAnairlineisanorganizationwhichprovidesaviationservicesforpassengersandcargo.Itownsorleasesairlinerstosupplytheseservicesandmayformpartnershipsorallianceswithotherairlinesforreasonsofmutualbenefits.Thescaleandscopeofairlinecompaniesrangefromthosewithasingleairplanecarryingmailorcargo,tofull-serviceinternationalairlinesoperatingmanyhundredsofairplanesofvarioustypes.Airlineservicescanbecategorizedasintercontinental,intra-continental,regionalordomesticandmaybeoperatedasscheduledservicesorcharters.Thesevariationsinthetypesofairlinecompanies,theiroperatingscope,andtheroutestheyserve,makeanalysisoftheairlineindustrycomplex.Butonethingiscertain:Theindustryisheavilyinfluencedbythemarketnow.Inthepast50yearsorso,thegeneraltrendofownershiphasgonefromgovernment-ownedorgovernment-supportedtoindependent,for-profitcompanies.Thisisaresultofthegovernmentpermitgreaterfreedom.Thistrendisnotyetconsistentacrossallairlinesinallregions.Thedemandforairtravelservicesdependsonotherthings:needsforcargotransportation,businesspassengerdemand,leisurepassengerdemand,whichareallinfluencedbymacroeconomicactivityinthemarket.Thesetrendsarehighlyseasonal,andoftendependonday-of-week,ortime-of-day.Theindustryiscyclical.Fourorfiveyearsofpoorperformancearefollowedbyfiveorsixyearsofgradualimprovementinperformance.l.D2C3.D4.A5.BTask2:ResultsofDamageTestingScript:Birdsoftencauseaccidentswhentheystrikeaircraft.Todatenoreliablemethodofavoidingbirdshasbeendiscovered.ButscientistsattheNASAspacecenterhavedevelopedagunbuilttolaunchdeadchickensatthewindshieldsofairliners,militaryjetsandthespaceshuttle,alltravelingattheirtopspeed.Theideaistoreproducethefrequentincidentsofcollisionswithbirdstotestthestrengthofthewindshields.Trainssometimesencountersimilarproblemswithbirds.ItwasnotsurprisingthatwhenBritishengineersheardaboutthegun,theywereeagertotestitonthewindshieldsoftheirnewhigh-speedtrains.

90Arrangementsweremadetoborrowthegun.ItwasflownacrosstheAtlanticandsetupwithgreatcarenearLondon.Butwhenthegunwasfired,theengineersstoodshockedasthechickenflewintotheshield,smashedit,wentthroughtheengineer'schair,andlandedonthebackofthecar.Horrified,theBritishsentNASAtheresultsofthedisastrousexperiment,alongwiththedesignsofthenewwindshield.TheybeggedtheU.S.scientiststosendthemtheirsuggestionsforavoidingsmashedwindshields.NASAreviewedthetestthoroughlyandhadonerecommendation:nThawthechicken.”Task3:FunnyFlightAnnouncementsScript:Occasionally,airlinecrewstrytomaketheirannouncementsentertaining.Herearesomeexamplesthathavebeenreported.Onepilotdeliveredthiswelcomemessage:"Wearepleasedtohavesomeofthebestflightattendantsintheindustry.Unfortunatelynoneofthemareonthisflight."Onepilotsaid,"Folks,wehavereachedourcruisingaltitudenow,soI'mgoingtoswitchtheseatbeltsignoff.Feelfreetomoveaboutasyouwish,butpleasestayinsidetheplanetillweland.It'sabitcoldoutside,andifyouwalkonthewings,itaffectstheflightpattern."ASouthwestAirlinesemployeesaid,"Intheeventofasuddenlossofcabinpressure,oxygenmaskswilldescendfromtheceiling.Stopscreaming,grabthemask,andpullitoveryourface.Ifyouhavesmallchildrentravelingwithyou,secureyourmaskbeforeassistingwiththeirs.Ifyouaretravelingwithtwosmallchildren,decidenowwhichoneyoulovemore."Anotherflightattendant'scommentonalessthanperfectlandinggoeslikethis:"WeaskyoutopleaseremainseatedasCaptainKangaroobouncesustotheterminal."Stillanotherattendantsaid,44Asyouexittheplane,pleasebesuretogatherallofyourbelongings.Anythingleftbehindwillbedistributedevenlyamongtheflightattendants.Pleasedonotleavechildrenorspouses.Lastoneofftheplanemustcleanit."NewsReportParaglidingforaPublishingDealScriptAnAustralianwriter-andparaglider-triedlandinginfrontofBuckinghamPalacelastDecembertohelphimlandapublishingdeal.InwhatlookedlikeascenefromaJamesBondmovie,theparaglider,36-year-oldBrettdelaMare,wasfollowedthroughtheskiesofcentralLondonbyapolicehelicopterasheheadedtowardthepalace-theLondonhomeofQueenElizabethILTheroyalfamilywasnotpresentatthetime,butpolicetooktheincidentseriously,allthesame.Thehelicoptertriedtoforcetheparaglideraway,butintheend,hesucceededinlandingonthepalacegrounds.Policetherepromptlyarrestedhim.Thiswasnoterrorist,however,asPolicehadfeared.Hewas,rather,awritertryingtogain

91publicitytohelppublishabook,called“CanineDawn”.Unabletogetpublishersinterestedinthebook,hetriedsomenewwaystogetattention.Aftertheincident,delaMareexplainedwhathappenedtoreporters."Icameinoverthefence,andIlandedintheforecourthere,andthecrowdstartedcheering.AndIwasarrestedanddraggedoff."DelaMaresaidpolicehaddifficultydecidingwhattochargehimwith:"Theyinitially...theyarrestedmeforattemptedburglary.,of...BuckinghamPalace...andofcourse,theydroppedthat.Imean,attemptedburglary!Imean,it'shardlyadiscreetmethodofburglary..."TheylaterchargedhimwithbreachesoftheAirNavigationOrder.DelaMareleftahumorousmessageonhiscellphoneforcallers:"Hi,thisisBrett.I'msorryyoumissedme.Iamincarceratedrightnoworsomething.Pleaseleavemeamessage,andI'llgetbacktoyouassoonasIamfree."UNIT9HerearetheseasonstobejollyILBasicListeningPractice1.ScriptW:Ofalltheholidayspeoplecelebrate,Christmas,Easter,Mother'sDay...whicharethemostimportanttoyou?M:ChristmasandEaster,becausetheymarkeventsinJesusChrist'slife:hisbirthandhisescapefromatombintoheaven.Theotherfestivals,Ithink,weremainlycreatedtoincreasesales.Q:Howmanyholidaysdoesthemanbelievetobeimportant?C)Two2.ScriptM:IusedtolovegivingmymotherapresentonMother'sDay.Italwaysmadehercry,thenshe'dhugmehardenoughtosqueezethebreathoutofme.W:Mothersarereallynodifferentfromanyoneelse.Theylovetobeloved,that'sall.Q:Whatwasthemother'sresponsetoherson'sgift?A)Shewasbesideher-selfwithjoy.3.ScriptM:Everycountryhasitsownuniqueholidays.ThereisoneexclusivetosomeBritishCommonwealthcountrieslikeEngland,AustraliaandCanada.That'sBoxingDay.W:Iknow,anditsaperfectdateforaholiday,beingthedayafterChristmasDay.Apparentlyitbeganwiththecustomofgivingthepoorboxesoffood;thusaboxingday.Q:WhatwastheoriginofBoxingDay?B)Givingpoorpeoplefood4.ScriptM:IabsolutelyhateChristmasshopping.Icanneverfigureoutwhattobuyforeveryone,soIrusharoundlikeanidiotatthelastminute,buyingjunk.W:Thenmaybeyoushouldn*tbuyanygifts.Justtellpeople"MerryChristmas!"instead.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?D)Shedisagreeswiththeman.J

921.ScriptM:WhenallthechildrencomehomeforChristmas,therewon*tbeenoughroomforeveryone...whatshallwedo?Maybesomewillhavetostayinahotel.W:Iwantthemallhere.We'llmakeitwork.Icanhardlywaittoseeeveryone;itdoesn'tmatterifwe'reabitsquished.We'llbeliketurkeystuffing.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?C)Shewon'tcareifthechildrenarecrowdedathomeCABDCIII.ListeningInTaskl:ExpensiveHolidaysScriptGrace:So,Mark,whatareyougoingtogetmeforChineseValentine*sDay-aholidayfortheCowherdandGirlWeavertomeet?Mark:Sorry,Tveneverheardofit.Anyway,wealreadycelebratedValentine'sDayinFebruary.Igaveyouabunchofredroses.Grace:Butthere'sanotherlover'sdayintheworld.Isn'titwonderfuliflovershavemorethanonelover'sdayayear?Mark:DoyoumeanIhavetogetyouapresentforteachlover'sday?Grace:Well,youdbettergivemeapresentfromtimetotimeifyouwanttowinmyheart.Mark:IgaveyouabeautifulcardonNewYear'sDay...andaChristmasgiftacoupleofdaysbeforethat.ThenIinvitedyoutoadinnerontheChineseNewYear'sDay,thatis,theSpringFestival.Grace:Thankyouforthat.NowadaystheChineseSpringFestivalisgettingpopularhere.Andit'sexciting.Mark:ButfewpeoplehereknowanythingaboutaforeignLover'sDay.Grace:Yousee,Ienjoycelebratingholidaysagainandagain.Mark:Butit'shardonthewallet.I'llendupinthepoorhouseatthisrate.Grace:Butitrsromantic!Anddon'tforgetit'sonlyanothermonthbeforemybirthday.Mark:Yourbirthdaywaslastmonth!Ialreadyboughtyouaring!Grace:ThatwasmybirthdayontheWesterncalendar.Nextmonth,it'smybirthdayonthelunarcalendar!GraceaskswhatMarkisgoingtogetherfbrtheChineseValentine'sDay,butMarkthinkshehasalreadygivenGraceabunchofrosesforWesternValentine'sDayinFebruary.Graceobjectsthatitiswonderfuliflovershavemorethanonelover'sdayayea匚SheneedsMark'spresentsfromtimetotimeifMarkwantstowinherheart.MarkmentionsthathegaveherabeautifulcardonNewYear'sDay,aChristmasgiftacoupleofdaysbeforethat,andinvitedhertoadinnerontheChineseSpringFestival,AlthoughGracelovescelebratingholidays,Markworriesthatit'shardonthewallet,andhewillendupinthepoorhouseatthisrate.FinallyGracetellsMarknottoforgetherbirthdayonthelunar

93calendar,thoughshealreadyreceivedaringfromMarkforherbirthdayontheWesterncalendar.Task2:AprilFool'sDayScriptOnaflightfromtheWestCoasttotheEastCoast,theleadflightattendantwaseagertogetinearlyasherboyfriend,apilot,wasgoingtohaveashortstopoveratthedestinationairport.Shemadeapointoftellingherfellowcrewmembersaboutthis.BecauseitwasApril1st,AprilFool'sDay,thedaypeopleplaytricksononeanother,thecaptaindecidedtohavealittlefun.Aboutanhourbeforelanding,hemadeanannouncementthatwentlikethis:"LadiesandGentlemen,thisisthecaptainspeaking.Ihavealittlebitofbadnews.There'resomethunderstormsatourdestination,andthey'vecurrentlyclosedtheairport.Theyexpectittoreopeninaboutthirtyminutestoanhour.Asonemightexpect,thiswillresultinlongdelays.Aswe'vecomeallthewayfromtheWestCoast,wedon'tevenhaveenoughfueltocircleuntiltheairportreopens.Therefore,wearegoingtobedivertingtoCleveland,andweshouldbelandinginaboutthirtyminutes.We'lltakesomefuelthereandgetyoubackonyourwaytoouroriginaldestination.I'mterriblysorryforthedelay.However,we'11getyoutherejustassoonaspossible."Itwasatthismomentthatyoucouldhearsomeonerunninguptothecockpit.Thecockpitdoorflewopen,andsureenoughitwastheleadflightattendantmumblingsomethinglike,"Thiscan'tbehappening.WhatshallIdo?"Asshewentonpainfully,thecaptainmadeanotherannouncement:"LadiesandGentlemen,happyAprilFool'sDay!”'TFTFFTask3:TheWilsons'ThanksgivingScriptThanksgivingisoneofAmerica'smostpopularholidays.Itisadayforexpressingthanksforthegoodthingsinlife.Itisalsoadayforfamilyreunion.Onthatdaymanypeopletravellongdistancestogettogetherwiththeirfamilies.FormanyAmericans,Thanksgivingisthetimewhenallmembersofafomilygather.ButnoteveryonecanspendThanksgivingwithhisorherfamily.Todaywe*Ilintroduceyoutoacouple,JoanandSandyWilson,whocouldnotaffordtotaketimeouttovisittheirparentsoneyear.TheyregrettednotbeingabletocelebrateThanksgivingwithalltheirfamilymembers.Butsoontheymetotherpeoplewhoalsowereseparatedfromtheirfamilies.SotheWilsonsbeganholdingayearlyThanksgivingdinnerforwhattheycalledtheir"extendedfamily".Thisincludedpeopleintheircommunity.AlltheguestsbroughtfoodtoshareforThanksgivingdinner.Thegrouphasgrownovertheyears.Toaccommodatealltheguests,Mr.andMrs.Wilsonnowhavetoaddsmalltablestotheirlargeoneinthebigdiningroom.Atfirst,manyoftheirfriendsbroughttheirbabiesandyoungchildren.Nowsomeofthefirstguestsaregrandparents.LikemanyotherAmericans,Mr.andMrs.Wilsonandtheirvisitorsenjoyalongdayofcooking,eatingandtalking.Thetraditionalmealusuallyincludesaturkey.Other

94traditionalThanksgivingfoodsserved"withturkeyaresweetpotatoes,cranberriesandpumpkinpies.l.A2.D3.C4.B5.CIII.SpeakingOutMODEL1Eat,drinkandbemerryonChristmas.Nora:Mymotherboughtanenormoustwenty-fivepoundturkeyforChristmasdinner.I*msoexcited!Susan:WehavegeeseandhamforChristmasdinneronbothChristmasEveandChristmasnight.Nora:OurtraditionalChristmasdinnerisaturkey,sogiganticthatweeatleftoversfordays.Susan:Chrisswearshe'llrefuseahugedinnerandsticktoahealthymealoftofuandsalad.Nora:Noway.He'skidding!Waittillheseeswhathismothercooks:roastturkeywithstuffing,gravy,mashedpotatoes,peasandplumpuddingfordessert!Susan:WeheapupourpresentsunderthetreeandopenthemonChristmasmorning.Nora:WeopenoneChristmasEve,moreChristmasmorning,andtherestthenextday.Susan:Wow!Yourfamilyprolongsthecelebrationforthreedays!Nora:WestartbydecoratingthetreeonChristmasEve,puttingornaments,lightsandartificialsnowflakesonit.Susan:Doyouhangstockingsbythefireplaceandhaveastarontopofthetree?Nora:Yes.Andwehaveanotheractivity.Wealso"givenotexpectingtoget".Susan:That'sapeculiarexpression.Whatdoyoumeanbythat?Nora:It'ssecretgiving.Wesneakuptothedoorofsomebodywewanttogiveagiftto,ringthedoorbell,andrun.Susan:So,you'renotexpectinganything;you'rejustbeinggenerous.That'sakind-heartedgesture.Nora:Isn'tthatwhatthetruespiritofChristmasissupposedtobe?NowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOGA:IfyouwanttoknowaboutChristmas,Icantellyouthatit'sanoccasionforfamilyreunions.Familymembershavedinnertogether.B:That'salsotrueoftheChineseSpringFestival.A:AmericansusuallyeatturkeyforChristmasdinner.Mymotherboughtanenormoustwenty-fivepoundturkeyforit.AndourneighborshadgooseandhamonbothChristmasEveandChristmasnight.

95B:ChinesehaveahugedinnerontheSpringFestivalEve.Usuallyafishisserved,becauseitspronunciationinChinesemeans*'surplus"or"abundance".Wealsoeatalotofmeatandseafood.A:Aturkeyisoftensogiganticthatweeatleftoversfordays.B:AChinesedinnerisknownformanykindsoffood.Wesimplycan'teatthemallatonce.Sowealsoeatleftoversfordays.A:Richfoodisn'tgoodforyourhealth.SomeAmericansrefuseahugedinnerandsticktoahealthymealofsalad.B:ThesameistruehereinChina.Somepeopleprefertofuandvegetablestomeat.A:AnotherimportantpartofChristmasisthegifts.WeheapupourpresentsundertheChristmastreeorputtheminstockings.Childrenareexcitedaboutgifts.B:InChinawegivechildrenmoneyinaredenvelope.A:ToenjoyamerryChristmas,Westernersexchangegifts,sendChristmascards,singChristmascarolsandthrowparties.B:TheChinesesetofffirecrackersandfireworkstoaddtothejubilantatmosphere.Insomeplacestheyalsostagedragonandliondances.Andtheyvisitrelativesduringthefestival.A:BoththeSpringFestivalandChristmasarefascinating.MODEL2ThePilgrims*spiritofThanksgivingliveson.ScriptChris:WillNorabespendingThanksgivingwithusthisyear?Susan:No,she'sgoinghometospendtheholidaywithhermotherandbrother.Shehasn'tseenherfamilyinoverayear.Chris:Iknowhowshefeels.ThanksgivingissuchabigfamilyholidayintheStates.Susan:ItbeganasacelebrationbythePilgrims.Theywerehappyjusttohavesurvivedtheirfirstharshwinterinthenewlandin1621”Chris:Butwasn'tthatharshwinterfollowedbyanabundantharvest?Susan:Yeah,that'sgoodreasontocelebrate:theyhadbeatentheoddsandwerestillalive.Itwasatimetorelaxand"countyourblessings".Chris:Youknow,mostculturesseemtohavesomesortofcelebrationlikethis-don'ttheChinesehaveafestivalofmooncakestocelebratetheharvestmonth?Susan:Yeah,theydo.Ibelievetheroundmooncakesalsosymbolizeafamilyreunion.Chris:Well,todayThanksgivingintheStateshasdevelopedintoamajorholiday.Susan:True,it'saveryemotionaltime.Familiesoftentravelgreatdistancestobetogetherandshareahugedinner.Jamie'smotherwillhaveaturkeyandaham,corn-on-the-cob,yams,peasandcarrots,andtotopitalloff,pumpkinpie.Chris:Justthinkingaboutallthatfoodmakesmymouthwater,andIthinkI'mgoingtogaintenpoundsthisyear.Susan:Butyouhavetherestoftheyeartolosethoseunwantedpounds.AndlosingweightwillgiveyousomethingtobethankfulfornextThanksgiving.

96NowYourTurnA:WillyoubespendingtheThanksgivingholidaywithusthisyear?B:No,I'mflyingbacktotheStatestospendtheholidaywithmymotherandbrother.Ihaven'tseenmyfamilyforoverayear.Yousee,ThanksgivingisabigfamilyholidayA:InChinatheMid-AutumnFestivalisalsoaholidayforfamilyreunions.DoyouhappentoknowtheoriginofThanksgiving?B:ItbeganasacelebrationbythePilgrims.Theywerehappyjusttohavesurvivedtheirfirstharshwinterinthenewlandin1621.A:I'mnotquitesureoftheoriginoftheMid-AutumnFestival,butitissaidtohavesomethingtodowithLadyChang'erwhoflewtothemoon.Onadayoffullmoonherhusbandlongedforhertoreturntoearth.SothismayhavesomethingtodowithfamilyreunionsC:Thanksgivingisalsoanoccasiontocelebratetheharvest.ThePilgrims'firstharshwinterwasfollowedbyanabundantharvest.ThatwasgoodreasontocelebrateA:Mostcultureshavesomesortofcelebrationoftheharvest.InfacttheChineseMid-AutumnFestivalisafestivaltocelebratetheharvestmonth,sincefruits,vegetablesandgrainhavebeenharvestedbythistimeandfoodisabundant.B:ToobserveThanksgiving,Americanseatturkey,ham,corn-on-the-cob,yams,peasandcarrots,andtotopitalloff,pumpkinpie.A:Oh,justthinkingaboutallthatfoodmakesmymouthwater.WeChineseeatmooncakestomarktheoccasion.TheroundmooncakessymbolizeafamilyreunionB:ThanksgivingintheStateshasdevelopedintoamajorholidayA:TheMid-AutumnFestivalisoneofthemostimportantfestivalsinChina,too.It*ssometimesbelievedtobethesecondmostimportantholiday,nextonlytotheSpringFestival.MODEL3Don'tletghostsfrightenyouonHalloweenScriptSusan:HeyKim!Areyouokay?Youseembadlyshaken.Wheredidyougo'?Kim:Justtothecorner,butI'mfrightenedoutofmywits,scaredsilly,terrified.Susan:Whathappened?Yousaidyouwereonlygoingtothestoreforacoke.Kim:Peopleinfunnycostumesandmaskseverywhere!Someintall,pointedhats.Susan:It'sOctober31st,Halloween,thedayfordressinglikewitchesandghosts.Kim:Inthestorewindowisabigvegetablewithacarvedfaceandcandleinside.Susan:It'sapumpkin.AfaceandacandleburninginsidemakeitaJacko'Lantern.Kim:Acrowdofchildrenfollowedmeshouting,"Tickleyourfeet."Imagine!Susan:No,theysaid,"TrickorTreat?"Theywerehopingyou*dgivethemcandy.Kim:Welt,it'safunnykindofholiday.What'sitcalled?Halloween?Susan:Yeah,it'soneoftheoldestholidaysintheWest.Todayit'smostlyforchildren.Kim:Imyselfwouldneverdresslikeaghostandshout,"Tickleyourfeet."

97NowYourTurnSAMPLEDIALOGA:Areyouokay?Youlookterrible!Wheredidyougo?B:Justtothecomer,butI'mfrightenedoutofmywits.A:What'sup?Yousaidyouwereonlygoingtothestoreforacoke.B:Alloverpeopleworestrangeclothesandmasks,withsomeintall,pointedhats.1wasscaredsillywhenaguywithabloodymaskjumpedoutfromastreetcomerallofasudden.A:Ah,it'sOctober31st,Halloween,thedayfordressinglikewitchesandghosts.B:Iwasterrifiedwhenkidsgaveouthorriblecrieslikeghosts.A:Don'tworry.Theymeantnoharm.Theydidthatjustforfun.B:Agroupofchildrencameovertomeshouting,"Trickortreat?*'A:Theywerehopingyou'dtreatthemwithcandy.B:Well,Ididn'tknowthat,soIsimplyignoredthem.A:Thenthey'dplayatrickonyou,Iguess.B:Exactly,theythreweggsatmycarwindow.It'safunnykindofholiday.What'sitcalled?Halloween?A:Yes,it'soneoftheoldestholidaysintheWest.Todayit'smainlyforkids.B:Imyselfwillneverdresslikeaghostandshout,"Trickortreat?"V.LefsTalkScriptYoungmenandwomen,tomorrowwillbeMother'sDay.Someofyouarestillwonderingwhattodoforyourmom.Here'smyadvice.Lookoutforanythingthatsheplanstobuy,andbuyitifyoucanaffordit.Forexample,acasualdressorformalofficewear.Or,itmaybeauniquehairclip.Findoutifsheisplanningtogetanewmicrowaveoranewsteamiron,andbuyitforherifyoucanaffordit.Butdon'tforgettoaddapersonaltouch,andbuyperfumeorabouquetofflowersasanadd-ontothemostpracticalgifts.Youcangetsomeideasbyconsideringwhatherlikesanddislikesare.Ifshelikescats,howaboutgivingherapetorsomethingthathasapictureofacatonit?Butmakesureshedoesn'tfindoutthatyou'regettingherapresent.Lethergiftbeapleasantsurprise.Definitelyspendsometimewithher,especiallyifyouarenotlivingwithher.Makeherfeelspecial.Forexample,youcancookaspecialdishfortheday.Youcanalsothrowalittlepartyandinvitethosewhoareclosetoher.Andofcourse,ifsheenjoysoutings,takealittletripwithher.Andifpossiblewithyourentirefamily.She'llloveitforsure.Afterall,sheistheonewhotakescareofallofyou.AspecialtriptothecountrysideGouldshowherhowmuchyoucareforher.Ifsheishappy,I'msureyou'llfeelhappy,too.

98WhattoDoforM)mDetailsorExamplesLookoutforanythingthatsheplanstobuy.Forexample,acasualdressoraformalofficewear.Or.itmaybeahairclipwithatouchofdifference.Checkoutifsheisplanningtogetanewmicrowaveoranewsteamiron.TrytobeguidedbyherlikesanddislikesIfshelikescats,howaboutgivingherapetorsomethingthathasapictureofacatonit?SpendsometimewithherYoucancookaspecialdishfortheday.Youcanalsothrowalittlepartyandinvitethosewhoareclosetoher.Ifshelikesoutings,takeatripwithher.Aspecialtriptothecountrysidecouldshowherhowmuchyouforher.DiscussionSAMPLEA:It'sreportedinanewspaperarticlethatformorerosesaresoldonValentine'sDaythanflowersonMother'sDay.B:Ineverrealizedit,butwhenweconsideritcarefully,thereseemstobeaproblem.A:It'snaturalforpeopletopaymoreattentiontothepresentandfuturethantothepast.Sopeoplemaythinkmoreabouttheirspousesandchildrenthanabouttheirparents.B:Butweshouldneverforgetthatourparents,especiallyourmothers,tookcareofusandbroughtusup.A:True.NowthatMother'sDayiscoming,we'dbetterdosomethingforourmorns.I'llgiveMornabouquetofcarnationsonthatmorning.B:I'lllookoutforanythingsheplanstobuyandbuyitasapleasantsurpriseforher.A:Butit'smoreimportanttospendtimewithher.I'mconsideringtakingMomtoseeanewmovie.I'msureshellenjoyit.B:Butyoucan'ttalkalotwithyourmominthemovietheater.Whynottakehertoarestaurantforagooddinner.Thereyoucantalkalot.A:ButIprefertocookamealforherbymyself.Shewillbegladaboutthat.B:Perhapsit'salsoagoodideatotakehertoapark.That'smoreromantic.A:Mymomlikestobewithpeople.I'llthrowapartyforherandinvite!Jthosewhoareclosetoher.B:Goodidea.Youcantakephotosofher.Yousee,inafewyearsshe'llgetolderandwon'tlookthesameanymore.A:Igotapart-timejobduringthewintervacation.I'llgiveMornsomemoney.Shedoesn'treallyneedit,butitshowsmyloveforherandcansurelygiveherasenseofsecurity.B:I'llcheermyMomupwithmyacademicachievements.A:Well,don'tforgetFather'sDay.B:Ofcoursenot.

99VI.FurtherListeningandSpeakingListeningTaskl:CelebrationsontheNewYear'sEveScriptOnDecember31st,AmericanswelcometheNewYearinvariousways.SomepeopleliketoseetheNewYearinwhiletravelingbyboat.Forexample,peopleinChicago,Illinois,canchoosefromseveralspecialholidaytripsonLakeMichigan.Thesecruisesincludedinneranddancingtomusicperformedbyaband.InSanDiego,California,acompanyoffersNewYear'sEvepartiesonthePacificOcean.Itcostsmorethan100dollarsforeachperson.OtherAmericanshavepartiesathomeandinvitealltheirfriends.Manyoftheseeventsarenoisy.Peopleshoutandsing.TheyoftenblowonsmallnoisemakerswhentheNewYeararrivesatmidnight.Theykisstheirhusbandorwifeorthepersontheyarewith.Theydancetomusic.OtherAmericansspendaquieteveningathome.TheydrinkchampagneatmidnighttowelcometheNewYear.SomepeopledrinktoomuchalcoholatNewYear'sEvecelebrations.Thiscanleadtotragicresultsifapersonthendrivesacar.TheNationalSafetyCouncilsayshundredsofpeopledieinroadaccident-duringtheholiday.OtherAmericansobservethecomingoftheNewYearateventswithoutalcoholmorethan220AmericancitiesholdtheseFirstNightcelebrations.ArtistsinBoston,Massachusetts,startedthetraditionofFirstNightcelebrationsin1976.TheywantedtoobservethecomingofaNewYear.Buttheydidnotwanttoholdnoisydrinkingparties.Sotheyorganizedmusic,artandothereventstoobservetheholiday.PeopleinBostoncanchooseamong250performancesandexhibitsaroundthecity.Peoplecanlookathugestatuesmadeofice.FamiliescanalsowatchfireworksEarlyintheevening.1.C2.B3.D4.A5.CTask2:Mother'sDayScriptIntheU.S.,Mother'sDayisaholidaycelebratedonthesecondSundayinMay.Itisadaywhenchildrenhonortheirmotherswithcards,gifts,andflowers.ItwasfirstobservedinPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,in1907.Longbeforethat,thereweredayshonoringmotherseveninancientGreece.Inthosedays,however,itwasRhea,themotherofthegodswhowasgivenhonor.Later,inthe1600s,inEnglandtherewasanannualobservancecalled"MotheringSunday".ItwascelebratedduringJune,onthefourthSunday.OnMotheringSunday,theservants,whogenerallylivedwiththeiremployers,wereencouragedtoreturnhomeandhonortheirmothers.Itwastraditionalforthemtobringaspecialcakealongtocelebratetheoccasion.IntheU.S.,in1907,AnaJarvis,fromPhiladelphia,beganacampaigntoestablisha

100nationalMother'sDay.Jarvispersuadedhermother'schurchinGrafton,WestVirginia,tocelebrateMother'sDayonthesecondanniversaryofhermother'sdeath,whichwasthesecondSundayinMay.ThenextyearMother'sDaywasagaincelebratedinPhiladelphia.Jarvisandothersbeganaletter-writingcampaigntoministers,businessmen,andpoliticiansintheirquesttoestablishanationalMothersDay.Theyweresuccessful.In1914,theAmericanPresidentpresidentproclaimedMothersDayanationalobservancethatwastobeheldeachyearonthesecondSundayofMay.Task3:St.Valentine'sStoryScriptLetmeintroducemyself.MynameisValentine.IlivedinRomeduringthethirdcentury.Atthattime,RomewasruledbyanemperornamedClaudius.Hewantedtohaveabigarmy,andheexpectedmentovolunteertojoin.Seeingmanymendidnotwanttoleavetheirwivesandfamilies,Claudiushadacrazyidea.Hethoughtthatifmenwerenotmarried,theywouldnotmindjoiningthearmy.Sohepassedalawtoforbidanymoremarriages.Ithoughtitwaspreposterous!Icertainlywasn'tgoingtosupportthatlaw!Iwasapriest,andoneofmyfavoriteactivitieswastomarrycouples.Ikeptonperformingmarriageceremonies,secretly.Onenight,weheardfootstepsandshoutsofsoldiersoutside.Itwasscary!ThecoupleIwasmarryingescapedintime,butIwascaught.Iwasthrowninjailandtoldthatmypunishmentwasdeath.Thenwonderfulthingshappened.Manyyoungpeoplecametothejailtovisitme.Theythrewflowersandnotesuptomywindow.Theywantedmetoknowthatthey,too,believedinlove.Oneoftheseyoungpeoplewasthedaughteroftheprisonguard.Sometimeswewouldsitandtalkforhours.Shehelpedmetokeepmyspiritsup.OnthedayIwastodie,Ileftmyfriendalittlenotethankingherforherfriendshipandloyalty.Isignedit,"LovefromyourValentine."IbelievethatnotestartedthecustomofexchanginglovemessagesonValentine'sDay.NewsReportAFamousChristmasMarketScriptReceivingChristmaspresentsisalwaysfun,butbuyingthemcanbeaheadache.ThisiswhymanyChristmasshoppersaroundEuropearenowgoingtotheGermancityofNurembergtovisititsfamousChristmasmarket,Christkindlesmarkt..Thefour-hundred-year-oldmarketisachild'sparadise.Its150stallssellallkindsoftoys,gifts,andspecialfoods.Astaggeringtwomillionpeoplevisitthemarketannually.TheoldcityandmarketaddaspecialfeelingtoChristmas.AsoneBritishtourist,MivartThomas,explains,"There'ssomethingquite,sortof,medievalabouttheatmospherehere.

101Therearequitealotofoldstalls—traditional-lookingstalls—andthecathedralinthebackgroundwithlightsallaround;andjustafewminutesago,thebrassbandwasplaying...playingChristmascarols.Thewholeatmosphereiswonderful."ThemarketmaintainsitsOldWorldatmospherewithregulationssayingwhatcanandcan'tbesold.Notsurprisingly,thefocusisonthefamily.Themarket'stouristofficer,GerdLauterbauch,pointsoutthatthemarket'snametranslatesas"Christchild'smarket",andtheideabehinditistoofferpresentsforchildrenonChristmas.ChristmasmarketsarefoundinmanyGermancities,butNuremberg'sisthemostfamous.Itgivesaverydifferentimpressionfromtheonetouristsexpect,consideringthecity'sNazipast.AndaswordofthemarketspreadsaroundEurope,themarketisbecomingatouristcenter.BasicListeningPractice1.ScriptW:Letmerecommendmybrothertoyou.He'sreallydonewellinthestockmarketoverthelastfewyears.M:Therealquestionisthis:Howhaveyoudinebytakinghisadvice?Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?2.ScriptM:ManyinvestorsjumponIPOs,hopingtogetrichbygettingintoastockearlybeforeitgoesup.W:Butisn'tthatabitlikebuyingabookwithoutreadingit?Imean,whatifitdoesn'tgoup?Q:Whatisthewoman'sopinion?3.ScriptW:TheDowwasdownagaintoday,h'shardtomakemoneywhenhighfuelpricesarekillingthestockmarket.M:There'sstillmoneytobemade.Ifyouboughtoilfuturesthreemonthsago,you'dbesmilingrightnow.Q:Whatcanwelearnfromthedialog?4.ScriptM:Ican'twaittogetbacktomycompute匚Onlinesharetradinghastotallychangedthestockmarketandthelivesofinvestors.HookuptotheInternetandbeyourownbroker!W:Inotherwordsyoucancutoutthemiddlemannow.Forabout$500,youcanopenanaccountandbeginbuyingandsellingsharesfromyourownhome,24hoursaday.Q:WhichofthefollowingistrueiftheywanttotradesharesontheInternet?5.ScriptM:Holdontoyourhat!We'llberich.I'mbuyingsharesinanewcompany.M:Youcan'tbuyIPOsharesunlessyouhaveabigactivewithabroker.Thedayofdot-comfortunes

102fromIPOsareover.Q:Accordingtotheconversation,whatistheconditionforbuyingIPOshares.l.D2.C3.A4.B5.CListeningInTask1:Tellmeaboutthestockexchange.ScriptGeorge:I'msupposedtogiveapresentationonthestockexchange,butIdon'tyetknowathingaboutit.Couldyougivemesometips?Diana:Theproblemwithyouisthatyou'veskippedtoomanyclasses.Now,letmegiveyouafewtips.Firstofall,youneedtodefinethestockexchange.It'sanorganizationofbrokersandinvestmentbankers.InEuropeitisoftencalledabourse.George:Couldyoutellmemoreaboutit?Like,howdoesitwork?Diana:Itprovidesfacilitiesforthetradingofcompanystocks,mainlythelocationandtherecord-keepingdevices.George:CanIgoandtradethere?Diana:Itdepends.Youhavetobeamemberoftheexchangebeforeyoucanbuyandsellsharesthere.Theycallithaving“aseat"ontheexchange.George:Somethingtheyusetheterm“stockmarket".Diana:Well,thetradingofstockonstockexchangesiscalledthestockmarket.George:Howcanacompanybelistedonthestockexchange?Diana:Ithastomeetcertainrequirements.TobelistedontheNewYorkStockExchangelastyear,forexample,acompanyhadtohaveissuedatleastamillionsharesofstockworth$16andhadtohavehadmorethan$2.5millionnetincome.George:Wow,that'sahugesum!Smallcompanieshaven'tgotachance.Diana:Bigcompanieshavemoreinfluenceonthestockpricesafterall.George:Iseewhatyoumean.StockexchangeathingsometipsdefineinvestmentbankersEuropeamemberstockmarketrequirementsamillionsharesnetincomeTask2:StockbrokerhelpsMr.JunkietoshortScriptABCstockreached$155.44$155"forastockthatshouldbevaluedat$100.Wow!44That'sit,"Isaidtomyself."It'stimeImakeadecision.I'mgoingtoshortthatstock."Ithoughttomyself,44Thisstockisovervalued.Itcan'tremainatthepresentlevelforlong.Thismeansmoneyinthebank."SoIphonedmybroker.“Iwanttoplaceatrade.Iwanttoshort1,500sharesofABC.

103''I'msorry,Mr.Junkie,"hesaid,"Ican'tprocessthatforyou.Youraccountiscashaccount.Youneedamarginaccounttoshortastock.Icansendyoutheapplicationformoryounearestfinancialinstitutiontofillouttheforms."TheminuteIgotofthephone,Iheardoutthedoorbecausetimeismoney.Irantothefinancialinstitutiontofillouttheformandsentittothebrokerbyexpressmailservice.NextmorningIcalledhim."Hello,it'sMr.Junkie.Didyougetmyapplication?“Yes.”“Great,IwouldliketoshortABCthen."“Oneminuteplease...Tmsorry,Mr.Junkie,butyounowneedashorter'saccount."“What!Youmeanthemarginaccountisn'tenough?''“No,youalsoneedashorter'saccount.Anyfinancialinstitutionnearbyhastheforms."OffIranagain.Icompletedtheformandhadataxidelivertomybroker.IntheafternoonIcalledagain.“Hello,it'sMr.Junkie.Iwanttoshort1,500sharesofABCat$155"Afewmomentslaterheanswered,kkMr.Junkie,Iamsorry,butIdon'tthinkthatispossible.''“Whynot?'“Well,thelasttradewentthroughat$99.99F1.ThebrokerdidnotbelieveABCstockcouldremainat$155forlong.T2.Mr.Junkiewantedtoshort1,500sharesofABC.T3.Mr.Junkiecouldgetamarginaccountthrougheitherafinancialinstitutionorhisbroker.T4.Toshortastock,oneneedsbothamarginaccountandashorter'saccount.F5.Mr.Junkieaskedataxidrivertheformsforamarginaccounttothebroke匚Task3:WhoamIifIownstocks?ScriptWhenapersonbuysstocksinacompany,thatpersonbecomesashareholderinthatcompany.Stockholderisanothernameforshareholder.Ashareholdercanalsobecalledaninvestorofthecompany.Whenthatcompanymakesmoney,whichcanalsobecalledearnedincomeorprofit,thevalueofthecompany'sstockoftenincreases.That'sbecausemorepeoplemaybecomeinterestedininvestinginthecompany.Sometimes,shareholdersreceiveadividend,whichispartofthecompany'searnedincomes,intheformofacashpayment.Somepeopletrytomakemoneybybuyingandsellingstocks.Stockpricescanmoveupanddown.Shareholdersmaymakemoneyorlosemoneybysellingstocksthattheyown,dependingonwhetherthepricehasgoneupordownsincetheyboughttheirshares.Acompany'sstockpricemaybeaffectedbymarketoreconomicconditions.Forexample,let'ssaythatBCDEnterprisesisasoftwarecompanythathasintroducedanewvideogameintothemarket.Ifthatgameisahit,salesofthevideogamecouldboostthecompany'searnings.BecauseofthepotentialforBCDEnterprisestogrow,itsstockmaybeviewedasanattractiveinvestmentanditsstockpricemaygoupasmorepeoplebuyitsshares.Ontheotherhand,let'ssaythevideogamethatBCDEnterprisesintroducedisaflop.Or,itcouldbeagoodtime,butBCDintroduceditatatimewhenpeoplearespendinglessonleisureproducts,andhardlyanyoneisbuyingthegame.Soit'sreportedthatBCDislosingmoneybecauseofthisnewproduct.ThenthestockpriceforBCDEnterprisesmaygodownifanumberofshareholdersdecidetoselltheirshares.1.Whatisthepassagemainlyconcernedwith?

104C)rfheinfluenceofshareholders*buyingandsellingonacompany.1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthesameasashareholder?8)Apersonsellingsharesonbehalfofothers.2.Whatmayaffectacompany'sstockprice?D)Alloftheabove.3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueifacompany'sproductisgood?A)Thecompany'sstockpricemaygoup.4.WhydoesthespeakermentionBCDEnterprises?D)BCDisusedasanexampletoillustratethestockmarketprinciplesSpeakingOutMODEL1Thestockmarketisdrivenbyfearandgreed.Chris:Nora!Nora:HeyChris.Whythebiggrin?Youlooklikethecatthatswallowedthecanary.Chris:Evenbetter.AnuncleIhardlyknewpassesawayandleftaninheritanceof$100,000.SonowI'mthinkingofmakingsomeinvestmenls.Nora:Goodidea,thouhitwouldbemorefunifwespentittogether.Whatsortofinvestmentdoyouhaveinmind?Chris:Thestockmarketislookingattractive.C'sbeenabearmarkelforseveralyearsnow,andIthinkstockpricesareprettydepressed.Nora:Thedeclingmarkethasinvestorsdepressed,too.Chris:Butallthingsworkincycles.Abearmarketwilleventuallybefollowedbyabullmarket.Nora:Thaビssure.I'vebeenreadingthatinvestorsarecomingbacktothemarket,indthatwilldriveupthevalueofstocks.Chris:1believethemarketispickingup.Nora:Butthere'sstillarisk.Wars,weatherproblems—alltheseimpactincestors’confidence.Chris:Iknowwhatyoumean.Thestockmarketisdrivenbyfearsndgreed.Wheninvestorsarccinfidentodmakingofafortune,theybuy-that'sgreedatwork.Nora:ButalongcomessomethingtojihaketheiiconJ^dence...Chris:Likeariseininterestrates,forexample,andbingo,theybecomeafraidthatiheymightlosetheirshares,sotheypulloutofthemarket.NowYourTurnA:I'vesavedalotofmoneyoverthepastyears,andnowI'dliketoinvestitforaprofit.B:Whatsortofinvestmentdoyouhaveinmind?A:Thestockmarketislookingattractive.It'sbeenabearmarketforseveralyearsnow,andIthinkstockpricesareprettydepressed.

105A:Thefallingmarkethasdiscouragedmanyinvestors.A:Butallthingsworkincycles.Abearmarketwilleventuallybefollowedbyabullmarket.B:That'strue.Whenthemarketdoestouchitsbottom,it'llrebound.A:Ihopetheinvestorswillsooncomebacktothemarketanddriveitup.B:Butthere'restillrisks.Wars,weatherproblems—alltheseaffectbuyers'confidence.We'renotsureifthemarkethasreacheditsbottom.A:Thebearmarkethaslastedoverfouryears;Ithinkit'stimeforittopickup.B:It'sreallyhardtosay.TheJapanesestockmarkethashadabearrunofabouttenyears.A:Really?C:AndwhenNASDAQfellfrom5,000pointsto3,000points,somepeoplebelieveitwasagoldenopportunitytoenterthemarket.Thenthemarketplunged.A:Sothestockmarketisreallyrisky.Imaylosemoney.B:Andmaybeevenyourshirts.A:Well,perhapsI'dbetterputmymoneyonthebank.Thestockhastobelaunched.Helen:Youknow,thishasbeenaprivatelyownedcompanysincewefirstopenedlastyearand,tobehonestwithyou,Tminclinedinkeepinginthatway.Bill:Butthemarketischangingrapidly,andweneedtothink(erniandtakeproactivcmeasure;otherwise,we'llfindourselvesbehindthecompetition.Helen:Thal'sagoodpoint;perhapsIshouldbemoreopen—mindedaboutthis.Bill:Don'tyouthinkyou'realittleshortoffundsatthemoment?Helen:That'strue.Bill:Yousimplycan'taffordtoupgradeyourfacilitieswithoutconsiderableoutsideinvestment.Thebankwon*tlendyouthemoney.Helen:Ihaven'ttriedit.Bill:Evenifitdid,theinterestrateforthatmuchcapitalwouldbemorewecouldafford.I'mconvinced,theonlywaytogeneratethefundsweneedistogopublic.Helen:WhatshouldIdothen?Bill:Aconsultantwillbecominginnextweektoexplain\heregistrationprocedureforanIPO.Helen:That'sgreatbecauseIwanttohaveathoroughunderstandingofwhatthisentailsbeforeanydecisionsaremade.Bill:Theimportantpointisthatyouhavetodemonstrateyou'refinenci;山、qualifiedtobelistedonthestockmarket.NowYourTurnA:Mr.Smith,thoughyourcompanyhasgrownfastfewyears,themarketischangingtherapidly.Soyouneedtothinkthelongtermandtakeproactivemeasures;otherwise,you'llfinditbehindthecompetition.B:You'requiteright,butcanyoubemorespecificaboutwhatwemustdo?A:Don'tyouthinkyourcompanyisabitshortoffundstoexpandproductionatthemoment.

106A:That'sright.A:Yousimplycan'taffordtoupgradeyourfacilitieswithoutlargeexternalinvestments.B:PerhapsIhavetoborrowmoneyfromthebank.A:Itwon'tlendyousomuchmoney.B:Ihaven'ttriedit.A:Evenifyougotaloan,theinterestrateforlargesumwouldbemorethanyoucanafford.I'mconvinced,theonlywaytogatherfundsyouneedistogotopublic.B:WhatshouldIdothen?A:LetmeexplaintherequirementsforanIPO.B:I'mallears.IwanttohaveathoroughunderstandingofwhatthisentailsbeforeImakefurtherdecisions.A:Theimportantpointisthatyouhavetodemonstratethatyouarefinanciallyqualifiedtobelaunchedonthestockmarket.Youmustshowyouhaveacapitalof50millionyuan.B:Ourcompanydoeshavethatamountofmoney.Arethereotherrequirements?A:Youhavetoprovethatthecompanyhasbeenmakingaprofitinthepastthreeyears.It'salsoessentialthattherearenofalsefinancialreports.B:Ok,noproblem.I'lltrytogothroughtheRegistrationproceduretogetourcompanylisted.MODEL3NothingiscertainnthestockmarketSusan:Hey,Chris,haveyoureadthepapertoday?Chris:No.why?What'sup?Susan:Thestoremarkethasdroppedagain.Chris:Oh,no!Notagain!Hown)an\pointsdiditjosclliistime)Susan:Onehundred.Chris:Let'ssee...that'sadropofthreepercentWell,theregoesthemoneyIwasgoingtousetobuyanewcar.Susan:Beforeyougetupset,Ithinkyoushouldlookntthustocklistingsfortoday.Chris:Whatfor?Susan:Well,somestocksactuallygained,especiallytelecomstocks.Chris:Letmeseethatpaper.You'reright!Mystockwentupfivepercentovernight!That'sgreat!Susan:Fornow,anyway.11mayplungclomorrovv.Chris:you'reright.I'mgoingtocallmybrokercashinmystocks.I'mnottakinganymorechangeswithmysavings.Susan:You'rewisherthanmostpeople1know.Sometimesi「、betterloplayi【safe.NowYourTurnA:Hey,Jack,1hearyoubecomeamillionairebyinvestinginthestockmarket.ButIalwayslosemoneyinthemarket.Canyougivemeafewtips?B:Firstofall,let'slookatthestocklistingintoday'snewspaper.

107A:Wow,thestockmarketdroppedagain.B:Whatstockdidyoubuy?A:BCD.B:Howmanypointsdiditlosethistime?A:Morethanahundred.B:Let'ssee...That'sadropofnearlyfivepercent.A:Oh,theregoesalotofmymoney.I'mthinkingaboutpullingoutofthemarket.B:Beforeyougetupset,I'dliketogiveyousomeadvice.A:What'sthat?B:Well,themarketiscyclical.Throughyou'relosingmoneynow,yourstockmaygaininfuture.Personally,Ibelieveyourstockisagoodone.You'dbetterkeepituntilitgoesuponeday.A:SoIcan'tmakemoneyinashorttime?B:Let'slookatXYZstock.It'snowajunkstock,butit'sbeenlowforalongtime.Itmayclimbupatanymoment.A:So,I'llbuyitandwaitforittogoup.B:Andcashinyourstockwhenitreachesapointthatishighenoughtogiveyouaprofit.Mybasicprincipleistobuyatthebottomandsellatthepeak.A:Isee.I'llbuylowandsellhigh.ButwhatifXYZplungesagainafterIbuyit?B:Youhavetotakechanges.There'salwaysriskinthestockmarket.Let'sTalkGregory:I'vebeenthinkingaboutgettingintothestockmarket,butIdon'tknowwheretostart.Whatdoyouknowaboutbuyingstocks?Sylvia:Well,Ihaveafewinvestments,soIknowalittleaboutit.Nowitisprobablyagoodtimetoinvest.Themarketislow;pricesareprobablyprettygood.Gregory:Soyoumeanit'shightimetoenterthemarket?Whatkindofstockdoyousuggest?Sylvia:Iwon'trecommendanyspecificstock.Youhavetomakethedecisiononyourown.Ifyouwanttomakemoneyquickly,youcouldtryspeculating.Gregory:Whatdoyoumeanbyspeculating?Sylvia:Youbuystocksthatgoupquicklyforafastprofit.Gregory:Isn'tthatrisky?Stocksthatgoupfastalsotendtogodownfast.Sylvia:Youjusthavetoguesshowhighthey'llgo,andthensellwhenyouthinktheyareabouttocomedown.Ifyouguessright,youcanmakelotsofmoneyintheblinkofaneye.Gregory:But1hearthatmanypeopleguesswrong.Whentheythinkthemarketisalreadyverylow,theystarttobuy.Thenthemarketcontinuestodrop.Sylvia:Inthatcaseyouwillloseyourshirt.Buttomakemoney,youhavetotakechanges.Gregory:Hmm,I'mnotmuchofagambler.Sylvia:Soyouprobablywanttosticktobluechipstocksforaguaranteereturnonyourinvestment.Gregory:Thatsoundsrightupmyalley.Gregoryisthinkingaboutgettingintotheslockmarkeiandwantstoknowhowtobuystocks.Sylviasaythemarketisk)w,sopricesareprobablyprettygood

108Gregoryseesitishightimetoenter!hemarket.SylviaSuggestspeculating,whichmeansbuyingstocksthatgoupquicklyandthencellingquicklyforafastprotlt.Gregoryfindsitris^k\becausestocksthatgoupfastalsotendtogodownfast.Sylviasaysthathehastoguesshowjiightheywillgoandthensellswhenhethinksthey'reabouLtc)comedown.Gregoryhearsthatmanypeopleguesswrong.Whentheystarttobuy,themarketcontinuestodrop.Sylviasaysthat,tomakemoney,hehastotakechanges.Gregoryadmitsthatheisnotmuchofagambler.Sylviasuggeststhathesticktothebluechipstocksfbraguaranteedreturnonhisinvestment.DiscussionA:I'mrentinganapartment.Ifyougoonlikethis,I'llneverhaveanapartmentofmyown.SoI'mthinkingbuyinganapartment,butIdon'tknowwhetherit,sgoodtimetoinvestinproperty.B:Soonit'llbehightimetobuyhouses.There'sbeengoodnewsfbrbuyerslately.A:What'sit?B:inthelightofthespeculativeinvestmentinrealestate,thegovernmenthasrecentlyissuedanumberofrules.Forexample,thosewhosellnewly—boughtapartmenthavetopayatax.Soprobablyfewerpeoplearewillingtospeculateintherealestatemarket,andthehousingpriceswilldrop.A:Ihavetowaitandsee.1wouldbegladevenifthepricesjustremainstable.Anyothergoodnews?B:Somepeopleproposebypassingtherealestatedevelopers.Theywanttopooltheirfundstobuildtheirownapartmentbuildings.Inthiswaytheycancutthecostsbyabigmargin.A:Soundsinteresting,thoughI'mnotsureifitspractical.AboutwhendoyouthinkIshouldbuyanapartment?B:Prettysoon.Iguessthepriceswillfallsoon.A:Iwanttoknowexactlywhen.ShallIbuyitnextweekornextmonth?B:Youjusthavetoguesshowlowthepriceswillgo,andthenbuyattherighttime.A:It*sabitriskybecauseImayguesswrong.AfterIbuyanapartment,thepricemayplungeagain.C:Youhavetotakechangesandmakethedecisiononyourown.A:Hmm,I'mnotmuchofagambler.PerhapsI'llwaitandseeandcontinuetoliveintherentedapartment.D:There'salsoriskinthis.It'snotaltogetherimpossiblethathousingpriceswillmoveupalittlebit.Ifthat'sthecase,you'llhavetopayevenmoreinthefuture.A:MyGod,thereareriskseverywhere!Soyou'vetoldmenexttonothing.FurtherListeningandSpeakingTaskl:whatdoyouknowaboutNASDAQ?Astheworld'slargestelectronic,NASDAQisnotlimitedtoonetradinglocation.Rather,tradingisexecutedthroughNASDAQ'scomplexcomputerandtelecommunicationnetwork,whichsendsreal—timequoteandtradedatatomorethan1.3millionusersin83countries.Withoutsizeandlocationlimitations,NASDAQ'sopenmarketstructureallowsavirtuallyunlimitednumberofparticipantstotradeinacompany'sstock.

109Today,NASDAQliststhesecuritiesofnearly4,100oftheworld'sleadingcompanies,andeachyearitcontinuestohelphundredsofcompaniesgopublic.TradingonNASDAQisnotlimitedtoanyfixednumberofparticipants.ThisallowsalargenumberoffirmswithwidelydifferentbusinessmodelsandtradingtechnologiestoconnecttotheNASDAQnetworkandcompeteonanequalbasis.Ratherthanforcinginvestorstogothroughasinglefinancialfirmscalledmakers.Morethan500marketmakingfirmstradeonNASDAQ,actingaddistributorsforNASDAQ-listedsecurities.ThosemarketmakersareuniqueinthattheyinvestowncapitalinNASDAQ-listedsecurities,andthenturnaroundanddistributethestockasneeded.TheyarerequiredatalltimestoposttheirbidandaskpricesintheNASDAQnetworkwheretheycanbeviewedbyallparticipants.Bybeingwillingtobuyorsellstockusingtheirownfunds,themarketmakersstrengthenNASDAQ'smarket,ensuingthattherearealwaysbuyersandsellersforNASDAQ-listedsecuritiesandenablingtradestobefilledquicklyandefficiently.1.HowmanyparticipantsdoesNASDAQallowtotradeinonecompany'sstock?D)Anunlimitednumber.2.WhatdoesNASDAQ'scomputerandtelecommunicationsnetworkdo?C)Itimmediatelysendsquoteandtradeinformationtoover1.3millionusers.3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueofNASDAQ?A)Ithaslaunchedmorethan4,000companies.4.Whatroledothemarketmakersplay?8)TheybuyandsellNASDAQstockstohelpstrengthenthemarket.5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A)TheoperationofNASDAQ.Task2:StockbrokerasLiquidatorInthemidstoftheshakymarketoflastweek,manybrokersgotcallsfromtheirclientsrequestingtheyselltheirshares.Onebrokertoldsuchastory:OneofmyclientscalledmeonThursday.Hewasanxiousandoutofbreath,andspokewithgreaturgency.Hesaidtome,“Jone,sellitall.Selleverything,fast,rightaway.”Itriedtoexplaintohimthatthemarketwascyclical,andthatinthelongtermstockswouldreturntonormal.Hesaid,"John,letmetellyouasecret.YouknowI'vebeenmarriedforsixtyyearsnow,andI'vebeenyourclientforfive.^^"Yes,goon."Isaidencouragingly."Well,mywifeLuciehasasortofphobiaaboutthemarket.Whenwegotmarried,1promisedherthatIwouldfollowinherparents'footstepsandneverventureintothestockmarketandalwaysleaveallourmoneyunderthemattress.Hergreatgrandparentsoncelosteverythinginagreatcrash,andeversincethenherfamilyfoundinvestinginthemarketsimilartocrime.""Wow,Howard,Ididn'tknowthat.Iguessyouwantthemoneybecausethemarketisgoingdown."

110"No,John,Iwantthemoneybecausesheorderedanewmattress,anditisbeingdeliveredintwodays.”Task3:AStockMarketCrashAstockmarketcrashisadramaticlossofsharesofcorporations.Crashesoftenfollowspeculativestockmarketbubblessuchasthedot-comboom.Afterthemostfamouscrashin1929,knownastheBlackThursdaywhentheDowJonesIndustrialAveragedropped50%,therecametheGreatDepression.ThefollowingyearssawtheDowdropatotalofover85%.TherewasalsoacrashonMonday,October19,1987,knowninfinancialcirclesastheBlackMonday,whentheDowlost22%ofitsvalueinasingleday,bringingtoanendafive-yearbullrun.Thepatternwasrepeatedacrosstheworld.Thestockmarketdownturnof2002waspartofalargerbearmarketthattooktheNASDAQ75%fromitshighsandbroaderindicesdown30%.Stockmarketcrashesaredrivenbypanicasmuchasbyeconomicsfactors.Theyoftenfollowstockmarketbubbles.Solongastheprospectoffurtherdailydropsinthevaluestockscontinues,thosewhoinvestinequitieswillbediscouraged.Iffewpeoplearewillingtomakefurtherinvestments,abearmarketisexpectedtopersist.NewsReportWorseningBankAssetsManyofthetraditionalquantitativeindicatorssuggestthatbankassetqualityisdeteriorating,andthatsupervisorsthereforeneedtobemoresentitivetoproblemsatindividualbanks,bothcurrentlyandinthemonthsahead.Someofthecreditsthatweremadeinearlierperiodsofoptimism-especiallysyndicatedloans—arenowunderpressureandscrutiny.Thesofteningeconomyandallspecialcircumstanceshaveespeciallyaffectedborrowersintheretail,manufacturing,healthcareandtelecommunicationindustries.Californiautilities,asyouknow,havealsobeenunderparticularpressure.Allofthese,andnodoubtotherproblemareasthatarenotnowofforeseeable,requirethatbothbankmanagementandsupervisorsremainparticularlyalerttodevelopment.Wearefortunateenoughthatourbankingsystementeredthisperiodofweakeconomicperformanceinastrongposition.Afterrebuildingcapitalandliquidityintheearly1990s,followedbyseveralyearsofpost-WorldWarIIrecordprofitsandverystrongloangrowth,ourbanksnowhaveprudentcapitalandreservepositions.Inaddition,assetqualitywasquitegoodbyhistoricalstandardsbeforethedeteriorationbegan.Buildingonbankingpractices,weareintheprocessofimprovingbothlendingandsupervisorypoliciesthatwetrustwillfosterbetterriskmanagement;butthesepoliciescouldalsoreducethepro-cyclicalpatternofeasingandtighteningofbanklendingandaccordinglyincreasebankshareholdervaluesandeconomicstability.Itisaneasyroad,Mr.Chairman,butitseemsthatwearewellalongit.