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HerbertPaulGrice格赖斯Speaker:May1.
1CONTENTS01Personalprofile02Conversationalimplicature03CooperativePrinciple2.
201PROFILE3.
3PROFILEHerbertPaulGrice(13March1913–28August1988),usuallypublishingunderthenameH.P.Grice,H.PaulGrice,orPaulGrice,wasaBritishphilosopheroflanguage,whoseworkonmeaninghasinfluencedthephilosophicalstudyofsemantics.Heisknownforhistheoryofimplicature.4.
4PROFILEBornandraisedinHarborne(nowasuburbofBirmingham),intheUnitedKingdom.HewaseducatedatCliftonCollegeandthenatCorpusChristiCollege,Oxford.TeachingatRossallSchool.HewentbacktoOxfordwherehetaughtatStJohn'sCollegeuntil1967.In1967,hetookupaprofessorshipattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,wherehetaughtuntilhisdeathin1988.5.
502CONVERSATIONALIMPLICATURE6.
6naturalmeaningnon-naturalmeaningliteralmeaningimplicationconversationalimplicatureMostimportant7.
7Cancellability(可取消性)conversationalimplicaturee.g."Billhasfourbooks.""…andperhapsfiveormore.""Billhasfourbooksandperhapsfiveormore."8.
8Non-detachability(不可分离性)conversationalimplicatureA:Whatdidyouthinkofthelecture?B:Well，Ithoughtthelecturehallwasbig.(Notmanypeopleareinterestedinlectures)thoughtbelieved，shouldsay，reckonedbiglarge，greate.g.9.
9Calculability(可推导性)conversationalimplicatureWangjunxiaistheOrientalmagicdeer.e.g.(Wangjunxiaisthefastestlong-distancerunner.)10.
10Non-conventionality(非规约性)conversationalimplicatureclosethewindow"It'scoldhere."thejokeisnotfunny11.
11Indeterminacy(不确定性)conversationalimplicature"Johnisamachine.""约翰是冷酷的""约翰是能干的""约翰不停地干活""约翰不会动脑子"12.
1203COOPERATIVEPRINCIPLE13.
13CooperativePrincipleCooperativePrinciplewasputforwardbyGrice,whenhegavealectureatHarvardUniversityin1967.HethoughttheCooperativePrinciplewhichpeopleshouldobserve,includingfourcategories,everycategoryisconsistedofanormalandsomesubordinatenorms.14.
14CooperativePrinciple:"Makeyourcontributionsuchasitisrequired,atthestageatwhichitoccurs,bytheacceptedpurposeordirectionofthetalkexchangeinwhichyouareengaged.”Cooperativeprinciple15.
15Quantity:InformationMakeyourcontributionasinformativeasisrequiredforthecurrentpurposesoftheexchange.Donotmakeyourcontributionmoreinformativethanisrequired.ContentsofCP16.
16ContentsofCPQuality:TruthDonotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalse.Donotsaythatforwhichyoulackadequateevidence.17.
17ContentsofCPRelation:RelevanceBerelevant.Manner:Clarity("beperspicuous")Avoidobscurityofexpression.Avoidambiguity.Bebrief(avoidunnecessaryprolixity).Beorderly.18.
18ContentsofCPMan:Doesyourdogbite?Woman:No.(Themanreachesdowntopetthedog.Thedogbitestheman'shand)Man:Ouch!Hey!Yousaidyourdogdoesnotbite.Women:hedoesn't.Butthat'snotmydog.19.
19Thankyou20.
