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选择性必修二Unit4JourneyAcrossAVastLand单元语法及写作一、单元语法（过去分词作表语和状语）（一）doing与done形式作表语和状语时的比较1.done与doing形式作表语时，done形式通常用于说明人，表示“某人感到…”之意；而doing则主要用于说明事物，表示事物的性质或特征，有“某物是令人…”之意；Wewereamazedtofindthatnoonelikedthisbrand.Bytheway,therecipeissimplyamazing.2.done和doing形式做状语时，一般在句子中表示原因，时间或伴随状态等，done形式与其逻辑主语之间时被动关系，往往含有完成意义，而doing形式则表示主动关系。Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksawesome.Seeingthepolice,hemadearunfortheexit.（二）过去分词作表语1.过去分词可放在连系动词be,get,feel,remain,seem,look,become等后面作表语，表示主语所处的情绪或状态。Thechefseemedquitedelightedatthenews.Thedoorremainedlocked.2.“be+done”表示状态时，是系表结构，此时的过去分词通常已形容词化；表示动作时，是被动语态，且绝大多数被动结构中的动作执行者由介词by引出。比较：Thebookiswellwritten.ThebookwaswrittenbyMoYan.3.英语中由很多与感觉有关的使令动词，其doing表示主动意义，即“令人…的”，多用来修饰物；其done形式表示“感到…的”，多用来修饰人，人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词：amaze,surprise;astonish;shock;excite;inspire;encourage;disappoint;interest;move;frighten;tire;worry;puzzle,confuse;satisfy等。（三）过去分词或短语作状语
1过去分词或短语作状语，表动作发生的背景或情况，可在句子中作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随状语等，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，过去分词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，及构成被动关系。1.Whencompleted,thecanalwillconnecttheriverwiththelake.(时间)2.Lostindeepthought,Ididn’tnoticewhatwashappeningoutside.(原因)3.Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkouttheproblem.(条件)4.Beatenbytheoppositeteam,wedidn’tloseheartandencouragedeachother.(让步)5.Theoldmangotonthebus,supportedbyagirl.(方式或伴随)注意：1.过去分词或短语作状语时，其前面可以带有相应的连词，如when,though,although,asif/though,if,unless,until,once等，表时间、让步、方式、条件等。Whenexposedtolight,potatoeswillturngreen.2.过去分词或短语作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。如果主语不一致，要在分词前加上逻辑主语，则构成独立主格结构。Ifcaught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.Theincidentpuzzlingmeconsiderably,I’meagerforyourhelp.3.逻辑主语和过去分词或短语之间存在被动关；而与doing之间存在主动关系。Caughtinaheavyrain,hewaslatefortheinterview.Lookingoutofthewindow,Isawsomestudentssweepingupthebitsofpaper.I.单句语法填空1.BothheandIare______________(satisfy)withthewriter’scraft.2.Thegirlacceptedabunchofroses,deeply____________(move).3.____________(fill)withcuriosity,theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.4.Asyouknow,once____________(pour),watercan’tbetakenback.
25._____________(see)thosepictures,hecouldn’thelp______________(think)ofhappydaysinthedairy.6.Thenewsfromthemallwas_____________andtheywereall________________atit.(excite)7.Thechefsallfelt______________atthe_______________news.(encourage)8.Generallyspeaking,when___________(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffects.9.Clearlyandthoughtfully_____________(write),therecipebookinspiresconfidenceinlearnerswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.10.Doyoufeel(frighten)when______________(go)intothewildernessalone?II．完成下面句子1.当问及他成功的秘诀的时候，这位运动员把它归功于妻子和孩子一致的支持。____________________________________________________________________________________________2.如果再给一次机会的话，他们会再次游览Vancouver.____________________________________________________________________________________________3.飞往Vancouver的旅行对于李黛玉来讲很令人激动，接着而来的是坐火车旅行。____________________________________________________________________________________________4.当游览一个岛屿的时候，我对岛上的古代艺术作品感到很惊讶。____________________________________________________________________________________________5.从山下下来我累了，而在森林中露营让我感到神清气爽(refresh).____________________________________________________________________________________________III.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1_______________(attract)bythedescriptionofabeautifulcityinthenewspaper,Jackdecidedtodosomething
3forthe2______________(surround)ofhisowncity.First,hetookup3____________(cycle)tosaveresources.Thenhecalledonpeopletosavegrain,becausehefound4__________hardtotoleratewastingindailylife.Afterthat,5____________(guide)byanexpert,hehadhispreviousplan6_____________(adjust)andtriedtomakeaswitch.7___________(unit)withagroupofpeoplewhohadthesameinterestashim,hemadeanefforttohandlethe8__________(pollute)river.Though9___________(reject)sometimes,henevergaveup.10_____________(support)bymanycitizens,hewasoptimisticaboutthefutureofhiscity.二、单元写作：（关于旅游的邮件）(一)、SupposeyouareLiDaiyu,youarewritingadiaryonthetraintoToronto,reflectingthedaysinCanadamostlyusing–edor–ingforms.1___________(sit)intheseatonthetraintoTorontowithawarmdrinkinmyhand,Ireflectedonthedays–daysofpuremagic.ItwasthemostfantasticIhaveeverexperienced.Whenfirst2____________(arrive)atVancouver,Iwasdeeply3______________(attract)byitsbeautyandprosperity.Despitetherain,LiuQianandIwere4___________(thrill)toexplorethecity.Takingaboatrideoutintothebayand5___________(visit)thewonderfulshopssellingcraftsandantiquesmadethejourneyworthwhile.Thenextday,wetooktheTraintoLakeLouise.6___________(look)atthebeautifulmountainsandforestsofCanada,IknewthatitwasthemostawesomejourneyIhadevertaken.Iwasquitecheerfultoseemountaingoats,deer,agrizzlybearandaneagle.ThenIchangedthetraintoataxi.7___________(see)fromthetaxi,thebluewaterwasliterallybreathtakingwithitsexceptionalbeautiful.FromEdmonton,Iwas8_______________(astonish)atsuchanopencountrywhenthetrainwasheadingsoutheastacrossthegreatCanadianPrairie.Withthetrain9___________(thunder)onthroughtherollinghills,Isawred,goldandorangebushesandmaplesoutsidethewindows,whichwerebeautifuland10_____________(fascinate).(二)、关于旅行的邮件：第一部分：开门见山，旅行概况第二部分：重点介绍旅游过程，描述所见所闻。可适当表达自己的内心心情第三部分：谈此次旅行的感受，总体评价。I．典例详析假定你是李华，你在国庆期间游览了长城，请你写一封信给你的好友Jimmy，简要介绍此次旅行。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
4____________________________________________________________________________________________a.关键词语：1.吸引某人的注意力______________________________2.旅行最精彩的部分______________________3.被公认为_____________________________________4.使某人惊叹___________________________5.壮丽的风景___________________________________6.一如既往_____________________________7．一处旅游景点________________________________8.返回__________________________________9.乘坐长途汽车__________________________________10.除…之外_____________________________b.根据中文提示完成下面句子（尽可能用上已学词汇和句式）：第一部分：开门见山1.在国庆期间，带着兴奋我游览了北京的一个著名景点——长城。____________________________________________________________________________________________第二部分：旅游过程2.我早起乘坐长途汽车去了长城，它坐落于北京的西北部。____________________________________________________________________________________________3.北京，一如既往，天气温和晴朗。____________________________________________________________________________________________4.从高处看，长城的群山和森林看起来都很巨大，我惊叹于它的异常美丽。____________________________________________________________________________________________5.最让我印象深刻的是能追溯到3，000年前的文化遗址。____________________________________________________________________________________________6.除了欣赏壮丽的山峰和森林，旅行的亮点之一是能买到许多不同的手工艺品和古董。____________________________________________________________________________________________
5____________________________________________________________________________________________第三部分：总评7.看着美丽的风景，我认为没有什么比这次旅行更令人惊叹的了。____________________________________________________________________________________________连句成文（尽可能使用高级词汇和句式）：____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________实战演练：假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom写信询问你的一次难忘的旅游经历。请你用英语给他会一封邮件，要点包括：1.旅游过程；2.你的感受。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Unit4单元语法和写作参考答案：I.1satisfied2moved3Filled4poured5Seeing;thinking6exciting;excited7encouraged;encouraging8taken9written10frightened;goingII.1.Whenaskedaboutthesecretofhissuccess,heowedittohiswifeandchildren’sconsistentsupport.2.When/Ifgivenanotherchance,theywillpayavisittoVancouveroncemore.3.AplanetriptoVancouveristhrillingforLiDaiyu,followedbyatrainone.4.Whenvisitinganisland,Iwasastonishedattheancientworksofart.5.Iwastiredcomingdownfromthemountainwhiletakingahikeinaforestmademerefreshed.III.1Attracted2surroundings3cycling4it5guided6adjusted7United8polluted9rejected10Supported单元写作：（一）1Sitting2arriving3attracted4thrilled5visiting6Looking7Seen8astonished9thundering10fascinating写作：1.DuringtheNationalDay,withgreatexcitement,IvisitedoneofthemostfamoustouristsightsinBeijing---theGreatWall.2.IaroseearlytotakethecoachtotheGreatwall,whichislocatedinthenorth-westofBeijing.3.AsistypicalofBeijing,itismildandclear.4.Seenfromthetop,therollinghillsandforestslooksmassive,whichtookmybreathawaywithitsexceptionalbeauty.5.Whatimpressedmemostwastheculturalheritagesitedatingbacktoover3000years.
76.Inadditiontoseeingspectacularmountainpeaksandforests,onehighlightofmytripwasbeingabletobuyvariouscraftsandantiques.7.Lookingattheimpressivescenery,Iagreedthatnothingismoreawesomethanit/itwasthemostawesomejourneyIhadevertaken.实战演练：DearTom,Howiseverythinggoing?I’mdelightedtoshareatrulyfascinatingtravelexperiencethatIhadduringmylastsummerholiday.OnJuly7,myparentsandItookabustoLeshan,SichuanProvince,whichisfamousfortheGiantStoneBuddha.TheBuddhaisliterallybig.Lookingupatthelargeheadanddownatthelargefeet,IfeltIwassosmall.Thenextday,weclimbedMountEmei,wheretheexceptionalscenerytookourbreathaway.Therearemanyoldtemplesandwildmonkeys.Atdusk,wemadeourwayback.WewerealltiredbutourtriptoLeshanwasreallyunforgettable.IfIhavetime,IamboundtopayavisittoLeshanoncemore.I’mlookingforwardtogoingtherewithyounexttime.Yours,LiHua
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