2023年高考英语复习基础知识和基本能力双清专题49 说明文&记叙文阅读理解

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专题49说明文&记叙文阅读理解2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清（译林版2020）一、说明文最近五年，说明文的出现变化不大，一直很稳定，选材通常是各学科的前沿问题;高科技领域的科研成果;人们比较关心的社会问题;人文方面的经典。由于阅读理解题的设置采用渐进式，即由简到难的方式，因此说明文是高考试卷中阅读理解题中相对比较难的，通常后置。考生需要做到：理解语篇主旨要义理解文中具体信息根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义根据文中事实和线索作出简单的判断和推理理解文章的宏观结构和文脉逻辑关系理解作者的观点、意图和态度经典例题：Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物测量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.

128.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A.ToreducepressureonkeysB.ToimproveaccuracyintypingC.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.29.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible？A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.30.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard？all1osoisgitieocooll.A.It'llbeenvironment-friendly.B.It'llreachconsumerssoon.C.It'llbemadeofplastics.D.It'llhelpspeeduptyping.【答案】28.D29.C30.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，目前，向指纹扫描等这些技术仍然是昂贵的。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，而且这项技术也不贵。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.和第二段的ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevicethatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.可知，研究者们开发智能键盘是为了降低e-space保护的成本。故选D。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus，thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities可知，因为每个人的打字方式不同，使智能键盘能够识别人的身份。故选C。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.可知，研究者们希望智能键盘能早日面世。故选B。Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解决方案).“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.

2“Therearenotests”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?’Basically,it’s‘I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendofyear,presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and...it’snotaverynicethingattimes.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影响)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon’tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.32.WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?A.Theyarehardtogetridof.B.Theyleadtoairpollution.C.Theyappearindifferentforms.D.Theydamagetheinstruments.33.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?A.Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.B.Tosharpenstudents’communicationskills.C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.34.WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?A.Checktheirproduct.B.Guideprojectdesigns.C.Adjustworkschedules.D.Gradetheirhomework.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.NASA:TheHomeofAstronautsB.Space:TheFinalHomeworkFrontierC.Nature:AnOutdoorClassroomD.HUNCH:ACollegeAdmissionReform【答案】32.A33.D34.A35.B【解析】本文为说明文。本文介绍了美国国家航空航天局的HUNCH计划。参与这个计划的高中生制作供美国国家航空航天局使用的产品，此计划的目的是把航天技术与学校教育结合起来，把空间技术与带进课堂，与学校教育相结合，这项计划实施结果显示会影响到学生的生活和大学录取。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的Bacteriaareannoyingproblemforastronauts.ThemicroorganismsformourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.可知，细菌对宇航员来说是个令人讨厌的问题。这种来自我们身体的微生物在国际空间站的表面不受控制地生长，宇航员每周要花几个小时来清理它们。也就是说它们很难去掉。其中的“themicroorganisms”包括“bacteria”。由此可知，A项正确。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andthey

3thinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解决方案).可知，HUNCH旨在把高中教室和NASA的工程师联系起来。Gordon的学生一直在研究如何在零重力下杀死细菌；结合最后一段中的GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.可知，学生每天都给NASA的工程师发邮件一起探讨（如何杀死空间站的细菌这一空间技术）这个问题。由此可推断出HUNCHprogram的目的把空间技术与学校教育相结合。故D项正确。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and...it’snotaverynicethingattimes.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”可知，NASA的工程师会亲自审核学生们所做的产品。故A项正确。【35题详解】主旨大意题。文章以国际空间站里的微生物很难清除开头，引出宇航员们解决此问题的途径——借助美国国家航空航天局的HUNCH高中班，此计划的目的是把航天技术与学校教育结合起来。在这项计划里，学生们通过homework（制作供美国国家航空航天局使用的产品）探索无疆的太空，因此“太空：最后的功课疆域”最适合做文章的标题。故选B。Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.Here'showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,wholedtheteam,describedtheexperiment:Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen,asymbolwouldappear,andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample,thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.Afterrunninghundredsoftests,theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation,notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination.Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely,theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate(低估)asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing,forexample,a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic:Whenaddingtwonumbers,themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo,andthenaddedonlyafraction(小部分)ofthesmallernumbertoit."Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains,"Dr.Livingstonesays.“Butinthisexperimentwhatthey'redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone.”32.Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem?A.Theyfedthem.B.Theynamedthem.

4C.Theytrainedthem.D.Theymeasuredthem.33.Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment?A.Bydrawingacircle.B.Bytouchingascreen.C.Bywatchingvideos.D.Bymixingtwodrinks.34.WhatdidLivingstone'steamfindaboutthemonkeys?A.Theycouldperformbasicaddition.B.Theycouldunderstandsimplewords.C.Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily.D.Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong.【答案】32.C33.B34.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究发现：猴子可以进行基本的加法运算。文章对研究的经过和结论做了介绍和分析。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeys…Theresearchesthentestedhow…”可知，在对这些猴子进行测试之前，研究者们对它们进行了培训。故C选项正确。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreen…Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreen,theywouldberewardedwithsevendrops…;iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwith…”可知，当猴子触摸屏幕左边时，它们会得到7滴水或者果汁的奖励；当它们触摸屏幕的另一端（即画着圆圈的部分）时，它们会得到17滴水或果汁的奖励。由此可知，猴子是通过触摸屏幕得到奖励的。B选项正确。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Themonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation,notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination”和第五段中的“Whenaddingtwonumbers…”可知，猴子会在超过一半的时间内选择更高的值，这意味着它们在进行计算，而不仅仅是记住每一个组合的值。由此可知，A选项正确：猴子能够进行基本的加法计算。由此亦可以排除C选项。Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction（干扰）inhisopenoffice,hesaid,“That’swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus”.Hiscommentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout（布局）.ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.Theresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsastheycompletedtestsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupsandexposedtovariousnoiselevelsinthebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50decibels（分贝）,70decibels,and85decibels.Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup—thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop—significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.Sincetheeffects

5weresmall,thismaysuggestthatourcreativethinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise—nottooloudandnottotalsilence—mayactuallyimproveone’screativethinkingability.Therightlevelofbackgroundnoisemayinterruptournormalpatternsofthinkingjustenoughtoallowourimaginationstowander,withoutmakingitimpossibletofocus.Thiskindof“distractedfocus”appearstobethebeststateforworkingoncreativetasks.Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan’tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers’conversationswhilewe’retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.32Whydoestheinterviewerpreferacoworkingspace?A.Ithelpshimconcentrate.B.Itblocksoutbackgroundnoise.C.Ithasapleasantatmosphere.D.Itencouragesface-to-faceinteractions.33.Whichlevelofbackgroundnoisemaypromotecreativethinkingability?A.Totalsilence.B.50decibelsC.70decibels.D.85decibels.34.Whatmakesanopenofficeunwelcometomanypeople?A.Personalprivacyunprotected.B.Limitedworkingspace.C.Restrictionsongroupdiscussion.D.Constantinterruptions.【答案】32.A33.C34.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自身经历讲述人们为什么不喜欢开放性办公室以及有关多少分贝的噪音最有利于人们的创造性思维的研究。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“That’swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet-soIcanfocus.（这就是为什么我在街对面的公用办公空间有会员资格——这样我就可以集中精力了。）”可知，采访者喜欢共享办公空间的原因是那里可以帮助他集中精力。故选A项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;

6however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup-thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop-significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.”和第三段“Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise-nottooloudandnottotalsilence-mayactuallyimproveone'screativethinkingability.”可知，70分贝的那组参与者表现好于其他组，所以70分贝的噪音背景环境更有可能促进创造性思维能力。故选C项。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan'tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers'conversationswhilewe'retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.可知，开放式办公室不受人们欢迎的原因是让我们不断地卷入别人的谈话中，受到很多干扰。故选D项。GrowingupinTaiwanasthedaughterofacalligrapher(书法家)，oneofmymosttreasuredmemorieswasmymothershowingmethebeauty,theshapeandtheformofChinesecharacters.Eversincethen,Iwasattractedbythisamazinglanguage.Buttoanoutsider,itseemstobeasimpenetrableastheGreatWallofChina.Overthepastfewyears,I’vebeenwonderingwhetherIcanbreakdownthiswall,sothatanyonewhowantstounderstandandappreciatethebeautyofthiscomplexlanguagecoulddoso.Istartedthinkingabouthowanew,fastmethodoflearningChinesemightbeuseful.Attheageoffive,1startedtolearnhowtodraweverysinglestroke(笔划)foreachcharacterinthecorrectorder.Ilearnednewcharacterseverydayduringthenextfifteenyears.Youonlyneed1,000tounderstandthebasiccommunication.Thetop200willallowyoutoread40percentofbasicliterature-enoughtoreadroadsigns,restaurantmenus,tounderstandthebasicideaofthewebpagesorthenewspapers.TodayI’mgoingtostartwith8characterstoshowyouhowthemethodworks.Openyourmouthaswideaspossibleuntilit’ssquare.Yougetamouth—口.Thisisapersongoingforawalkwithtwolegs.Person—人.Theshapeofthefireisapersonwithtwoarmsonbothsides,asifshewasyellingcrazily,“Help!I’monfire!”—火.Thisisatree—木.Thisisamountain—山.Thesun—日.Themoon—月.Thesymbolofthedoorlookslikeapairofcardoors---门.Theseeightcharactersarethebuildingblocksforyoutocreatelotsmorecharacters.24.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“impenetrable”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Availabletolearnabout.B.Worthwhiletoaccess.C.Difficulttogetacross.D.Importanttounderstand.

725.WhydidtheauthortrytothinkoffastwaystolearnChinese?A.Toproveherabilitytolearn.B.Tohelphermotherwithhercareer.C.Togetbettergradesinexams.D.ToenablemorepeopletoenjoyChinese.26.Withthemostfrequentlyused200characterspeoplecan.A.readrestaurantmenusB.understandnewspaperswellC.communicatewithnativesD.enjoybasicliterature27.Whatwilltheauthorprobablytalkaboutnext?A.Howtheeightcharactersbuildothercharacters.B.Whatothermeaningstheeightcharactershave.C.Wheretheeightcharacterscanbeusedindailylife.D.WhytheeightChinesecharactersareformedinthisway.【答案】CDAA【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章作者主要介绍了如何轻松地学习和阅读汉字。24.词义猜测题。根据文章第二段划线词前半句“Buttoanoutsider,(但对于门外汉来说，)”和后半句“astheGreatWallofChina.(像中国的长城)”可知，对于门外汉来说，汉字就跟中国的长城一样高不可攀。所以impenetrable为“不能穿过的”之意。故选C。25.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Overthepastfewyears,I’vebeenwonderingwhetherIcanbreakdownthiswall,sothatanyonewhowantstounderstandandappreciatethebeautyofthiscomplexlanguagecoulddoso.(过去几年，我一直思考如何能够攻克这堵墙，让那些要理解和欣赏这复杂语言优雅地方的人可以这样做。)”可知，作者试图想出快速学习中文的方法是为了让更多的人喜欢汉语。故选D。26.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Thetop200willallowyoutoread40percentofbasicliterature-enoughtoreadroadsigns,restaurantmenus,tounderstandthebasicideaofthewebpagesorthenewspapers.(认识顶部二百个汉字，让你看明白百分之四十的基本文献——足以读懂路标、餐厅菜单，以了解中文网页的基本想法或报纸内容。)”可知，人们可以用最常用的200个汉字阅读餐厅菜单。故选A。27.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Theseeightcharactersarethebuildingblocksforyoutocreatelotsmorecharacters.(这八个汉字是你创造更多汉字的基础。)”可推断，作者在文章下一段会介绍这八个汉字是如何塑造其他汉字的。故选A。

8TheruinsofaMayacityhavebeendiscoveredinGuatemalawiththehelpoftheremotesensingtechniqueLiDAR.ThislostcityenvelopssiteslikeTikal,Holmul,andWitzna,butshowsthatthesefamousareasareasmallpartofthislosturbannetwork.HiddenunderthejunglesoftheMayaBiosphereReservesite,morethan60,000human-madefeatures—homes,canals,highways,andmore—havebeenidentifiedinaerial(从飞机上的)imagescollectedbysomeinternationalresearchersheadedbythePAGUNAMFoundation,aMayaculturalandnaturalheritageorganization.ThosehaveexpertsrethinkingtheoutlinesandcomplexityoftheMayaEmpire.Theseancientpeoplesobviouslycreatedtheseimaginativeculturesbasedontheirknownrelics(遗迹),butthenewresearchhassuggestedthatthesizeofthislostsocietyisfarbeyondwhatexpertsimagined.Thefindingswillbeexploredinaone-hourdocumentarycalled“LostTreasuresoftheMayaSnakeKings”,tobebroadcastontheNationalGeographicChannel.ThisbreakthroughwaspossiblethankstoLiDARsensors,whichcansurveylandsin3Dbybouncingpulsesoffthegroundfromunmannedairvehiclesandothers.LiDARisexceptionallyusefulfordetectingarcheological(考古的)sites,asitgetsthroughjunglesandotherfeaturesthatholdupexplorationontheground.Thetechniquehasmademanydiscoveriesbecomearealityinrecentyears.Forinstance,majorfindsatAngkor,CambodiaandCaracol,Belizecanexplainwhatitdid.ThefinalgoalistosurveyGuatemala’slowlandswithit.“Thereareentirecitieswedidn’tknowaboutnowshowingupinthesurveydata,”FranciscoEstrada-Belli,oneoftheleadarcheologistsontheproject,saidinNatGeo’scomingdocumentary.“Thereare20,000squarekilometresmoretobeexploredandtherearegoingtobehundredsofcitiesaboutthemysteriouspeoplewhobuiltthisurbannetworktherethatwedon’tknowabout,andwewillpushbackthefrontierswiththetechnology,”headded.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Those”inparagraph2referto?A.Jungles.B.Human-madefeatures.C.Researchers.D.Aerialimages.33.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveyinparagraph4?A.TheworkingprincipleofLiDARsensors.B.TheprocessofresearchingMayacivilization.C.GreatimportanceofGuatemalanslowlands.D.LiDAR’scontributiontodiscoveringtherelics.34.WhichwordscanbestdescribethelostMayacity?A.Smallandhidden.B.Famousandhigh-tech.C.Vastandcomplex.D.Fully-exploredandimaginative.35.Whatwillthearcheologistsdonext?

9A.Continuetoexploretheunknown.B.UpgradetheLiDARtechnology.C.Studythedocumentarycarefully.D.Buildamassiveurbannetwork,【答案】BDCA【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在遥感技术激光雷达的帮助下，在危地马拉发现了一座玛雅城市的废墟，新的研究表明这个失落的社会的规模远远超出了专家的想象，还有2万平方公里的土地有待探索。32.词义猜测题。根据第二段中HiddenunderthejunglesoftheMayaBiosphereReservesite,morethan60,000human-madefeatures—homes,canals,highways,andmore—havebeenidentifiedinaerial(从飞机上的)imagescollectedbysomeinternationalresearchersheadedbythePAGUNAMFoundation,aMayaculturalandnaturalheritageorganization.隐藏在玛雅生物圈保护区的丛林之下，由帕格纳姆基金会(一个玛雅文化和自然遗产组织)领导的一些国际研究人员收集的航拍图像中发现了6万多处人类活动场所——房屋、运河、公路等。可知，代词those指的是人造景观，包括房屋、运河、公路等，故Those指Human-madefeatures。故选B项。33.主旨大意题。根据第四段中ThisbreakthroughwaspossiblethankstoLiDARsensors,whichcansurveylandsin3Dbybouncingpulsesoffthegroundfromunmannedairvehiclesandothers.…Thetechniquehasmademanydiscoveriesbecomearealityinrecentyears.这一突破之所以成为可能，是因为激光雷达传感器，它可以通过无人机和其他设备发射的脉冲从地面反弹，以3D方式测量地面……近年来，这项技术的许多发现已成为现实。可知，本段主要介绍了LiDAR技术在发现遗址方面起到的重大作用，旨在突出这一技术的贡献和重要性。故选D项。34.推理判断题。根据第一段中ThislostcityenvelopssiteslikeTikal,Holmul,andWitzna,butshowsthatthesefamousareasareasmallpartofthislosturbannetwork.这个失落的城市包围着像蒂卡尔、霍尔木尔和威茨纳这样的地方，但也表明这些著名的地区只是这个失落的城市网格的一小部分；第三段中butthenewresearchhassuggestedthatthesizeofthislostsocietyisfarbeyondwhatexpertsimagined.但新的研究表明，这个失落的社会的规模远远超出了专家的想象；以及最后一段中Thereare20,000squarekilometresmoretobeexploredandtherearegoingtobehundredsofcitiesaboutthemysteriouspeoplewhobuiltthisurbannetworktherethatwedon’tknowabout还有2万平方公里的土地有待探索，将会有数百个城市的神秘人在那里建立了我们不知道的城市网络。可判断，玛雅城是广袤的；根据第二段中ThosehaveexpertsrethinkingtheoutlinesandcomplexityoftheMayaEmpire.这些让专家们重新思考玛雅帝国的轮廓和复杂性。可判断出，玛雅城是复杂的。因此，玛雅城是广袤和复杂的。故选C项。35.推理判断题。根据最后一段中Thereare20,000squarekilometresmoretobeexploredandtherearegoingtobehundredsofcitiesaboutthemysteriouspeoplewhobuiltthisurbannetworktherethatwedon’tknowabout,andwewillpushlackthefrontierswiththetechnology.还有2万平方公里的土地有待探索，将会有数百个城市的神秘人在那里建立了我们不知道的城市网格，我们将利用这一技术把它推广到新的领域。由此判断出，这些考古学家们将继续利用这一技术开拓新的领域，探索未知的地方。故选A项。

10Withtheworld’sattentiononvaccines(疫苗),nowfeelslikeagoodmomenttosingthepraisesofanoftenforgottencontributiontotheirdevelopment.Threehundredyearsagothismonth,LadyMaryWortleyMontagugotherdaughterinoculated(接种)againstsmallpox,makingherchildthefirstpersonintheWesttobeprotectedinthisway.WithoutMontagu’swillingnesstoadoptapracticeshehadlearnedfromothercultures,theintroductionofvaccinesaround80yearslaterwouldneverhavetakenplace.MontagufirstwitnessedinoculationwhensheaccompaniedherhusbandtoTurkeyin1717.InoculationhadstartedinAsia,probablyinChina,asearlyasthe10thcenturyAD.MontaguobservedhowolderwomeninTurkeytookatinyamountofpus（脓）fromapersonwithsmallpox.Theythenusedneedlestomakecutsonpeople’swristsandanklesandaddedthepustotheirbloodstream.Thishelpedpeoplegainimmunityfromfutureinfection.Likeothervisitorstothecountry,MontagutookstepstoensurethathersonwasinoculatedinTurkey.Thisworkedwell,butsheknewthattryingitinEnglandwouldbefarmorechallenging.Inoculationperformedbyunlicensedamateurswouldthreatendoctors’professionalstandingandpotentiallyrobthemofvaluableincome.Churchmenalsodisagreewiththepractice,astheysawitasgoingagainstnature.BackinEngland,Montaguobservedtheincreasedseverityofsmallpoxinfections.Eventually,inApril1721,shedecidedtousetheTurkishpracticetohaveherdaughterinoculated,becauseshebelievedthattherewardswouldoutweightherisks.Afterasafetimehadpassedfollowingtheinoculation,Montagualloweddoctorstoexamineherdaughter.DoctorsinBritaingraduallyacceptedthepractice.Aboutsoyearslater,apioneeringphysicianfoundsmallpoxvaccinestodestroysmallpoxcompletely.Asearlyaslastcentury,academicsarguedthatMontaguwasnomorethananenthusiasticamateur.Intruth,shemadeavitalscientificcontributiontowardsfindingthecureforsmallpox.24.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theoriginofsmallpoxinoculation.B.Montagu’sfirstaccesstoinoculation.C.Thebenefitsfromsmallpoxinoculation.D.Turkishwomen’sinventionofinoculation.25.MontagufounditdifficulttotryinoculationinEnglandbecause________.A.itwasagainsthumannatureB.itmightharmdoctors’interestsC.itwasbeyonddoctors’abilitiesD.itmightshakechurchmen’sbelief26.WhatleddoctorsinBritaintoacceptinoculation?

11A.Theincreasedseverityofsmallpoxinfections.B.Aphysician’sdiscoveryofsmallpoxvaccines.C.TheresultofMontagu’sdaughter’sinoculation.D.Montagu’sfocusonitsrewardsratherthanitsrisks.27.Whatmightbethebesttitleofthetest?A.AnunsungheroB.NolimittocreationC.DevelopmentofvaccinesD.Ahistoricmedicalinnovation【答案】24.B25.B26.C27.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了早期疫苗引入的历史。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“MontagufirstwitnessedinoculationwhensheaccompaniedherhusbandtoTurkeyin1717.（1717年，蒙塔古第一次目睹了疫苗接种，当时她陪丈夫去了土耳其。）”可知，第二段说的是她在土耳其第一次看到了有人接种的行为，也就是第一次接触到这种情况。故选B。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Inoculationperformedbyunlicensedamateurswouldthreatendoctors’professionalstandingandpotentiallyrobthemofvaluableincome.（由无执照的业余医师进行接种会威胁到医生的职业地位，并有可能剥夺他们宝贵的收入。）”可知，Montagu发现在英国接种疫苗很困难，因为它可能会损害医生的利益。故选B。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Eventually,inApril1721,shedecidedtousetheTurkishpracticetohaveherdaughterinoculated,becauseshebelievedthattherewardswouldoutweightherisks.Afterasafetimehadpassedfollowingtheinoculation,Montagualloweddoctorstoexamineherdaughter.（最终，在1721年4月，她决定使用土耳其的方法让她的女儿接种疫苗，因为她相信回报会大于风险。在接种疫苗后的一段安全时间过后，Montagu允许医生为她的女儿进行检查。）”可知，Montagu的女儿接种的结果使英国的医生们接受了接种。故选C。【27题详解】标题判断题。这篇文章围绕的是M这个人将接种疫苗引进当地的过程，期间还将女儿作为实验对象，可见她对医学事业的奉献精神。B谈创造，偏离主题；C讲疫苗本身的发展，不全面；D讲历史性的医学创新，不符合主旨。故选A。

12二）、记叙文高考阅读理解体裁纷繁多样，但每套试卷通常包含一到两篇记叙文。在所有的阅读体裁中，记叙文的难度相对是比较低的。如果掌握了阅读的技巧，多多实践，阅读能力就有可能大大提高。记叙文写作特点：记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体，都属于记叙文的范畴。就写作顺序而言，记叙文要么是按时间顺序，要么是按事件的重要性的顺序来展开。不管是哪种叙述方法，最后经常会有一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟，这是记叙文的精华所在，也是阅读的难点所在，可谓“一篇之妙，在于落句”。记叙文命题特点：常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。经典例题：Byday,RobertTittertonisalawyer.InhisspareonstagebesidepianistMariaRaspopova—notasamusicianbutasherpageturner.“I’mnotatrainedmusician,butI’velearnttoreadmusicsoIcanhelpMariainherperformance.”MrTittertonischairmanoftheOmegaEnsemblebuthasbeenthegroup’sofficialpageturnerforthepastfouryears.Hisjobistositbesidethepianistandturnthepagesofthescoresothemusiciandoesn’thavetobreaktheflowofsoundbydoingitthemselves.Hesaidhebecamejustasnervousasthoseplayinginstrumentsonstage.“Alotofskillsareneededforthejob.Youhavetomakesureyoudon’tturntwopagesatonceandmakesureyoufindtherepeatsinthemusicwhenyouhavetogobacktotherightspot.”MrTittertonexplained.Beingapageturnerrequiresplentyofpractice.Somepiecesofmusiccangofor40minutesandrequireupto50pageturns,includingbackturnsforrepeatpassages.Silentonstagecommunicationiskey,andeachpianisthastheirownstyleof“nodding”toindicateapageturnwhichtheyneedtopractisewiththeirpageturner.

13Butlikeallperformances,therearemomentswhenthingsgowrong.“Iwasturningthepagetogetreadyforthenextpage,butthedraftwindfromtheturncausedthesparepagestofalloffthestand,”MrTittertonsaid,“LuckilyIwasabletocatchthemandputthemback.”Mostpageturnersarepianostudentsorup-and-comingconcertpianists,althoughMsRaspopovahasonceaskedherhusbandtohelpheroutonstage.“Myhusbandistheworstpageturner,”shelaughed.“He’sinterestedinthemusic,feelingeverynote,andIhavetosay:‘Turn,turn!’“RobertisthebestpageturnerI’vehadinmyentirelife.”24.WhatshouldTittertonbeabletodotobeapageturner?A.Readmusic.B.Playthepiano.C.Singsongs.D.Fixtheinstruments.26.WhatdoesTittertonneedtopractise?A.Countingthepages.B.Recognizingthe“nodding”.C.Catchingfallingobjects.D.Performinginhisownstyle.27.WhyisMsRaspopova’shusband“theworsepageturner”?AHehasverypooreyesight.B.Heignorestheaudience.C.Hehasnointerestinmusic.D.Heforgetstodohisjob.【答案】24.A26.B27.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了为钢琴演奏者做翻页工作的RobertTitterton和他的工作情况。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“I’mnotatrainedmusician,butI’velearnttoreadmusicsoIcanhelpMariainherperformance.(我不是受过训练的音乐家，但我学会了识谱，这样我就可以在Maria的表演中帮助她)”可知，Titterton因为识谱，所以可以在Maria的钢琴表演中为她翻页。故选A项。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Silentonstagecommunicationiskey,andeachpianisthastheirownstyleof“nodding”toindicateapageturnwhichtheyneedtopractisewiththeirpageturner.(无声的舞台交流是关键，每个钢琴家都有自己的“点头”风格来表示翻页，他们需要和翻页者进行练习)”可知，Titterton需要和钢琴演奏者练习识别他们的“点头”示意来翻页。故选B项。

14【27题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“He’sinterestedinthemusic,feelingeverynote,andIhavetosay:‘Turn,turn!’(他对音乐很感兴趣，感受着每一个音符，所以我不得不说：“翻页，翻页！”)”可知，MsRaspopova的丈夫因为对音乐感兴趣，所以帮她翻页的时候总是沉浸在音乐中而忘掉自己的工作，她不得不去提醒。故选D项。Idon’tremembertheexactdateImetMartyforthefirsttime.Likealotofpeoplewhowanttogetthroughacheckoutline,Ifoundmythoughtsonspeed,nothingmore.ThelineIwasstandinginwasn’tmovingasquicklyasIwanted,andIglancedtowardthecashier,whowasbusyreceivingmoneyfromcustomers.Hewasanoldmaninhissixties.Ithought,well,itprobablytookhimalittlelongertogetthejobsdone.ForthenextfewminutesIwatchedhim.Hegreetedeverycustomerbeforehebeganscanningthegoodstheywerepurchasing.Sure,hiswordsweretheusual,“How’sitgoing?”Buthedidsomethingdifferent—heactuallylistenedtopeople.Thenhewouldrespondtowhattheyhadsaidandtalkwiththembriefly.Ithoughtitwasstrange,butIguessedIhadgrownaccustomedtopeopleaskingmehowIwasdoingsimplyoutofaconversationwithoutthinking.Usually,afterawhile,youdon’tgiveanythoughttothequestionandjustsaysomethingbackquietly.Thisoldcashierseemedsincereaboutwantingtoknowhowpeoplewerefeeling.Meanwhile,thehigh-techcashregisterranguptheirpurchasesandheannouncedwhattheyowed.Whencustomershandedmoneytohim,hepushedtheappropriatekeys,thecashdrawerpoppedopen,andhecountedouttheirchange.Thenmagichappened.Heplacedthechangeinhislefthand,walkedaroundthecountertothecustomers,andextendedhisrighthandinanactoffriendship.Astheirhandsmet,theoldcashierlookedthecustomersintheeyes.“Iwanttothankyouforshoppingheretoday,”hetoldthem.“Youhaveagreatday.Bye-bye.”Thelooksonthefacesofthecustomerswerepriceless.Nowitwasmyturn.Iglanceddownatthenametagonhisredwaistcoat,thekindexperiencedWal-Martcashierwore.Itread,“Marty.”MartytoldmehowmuchIowedandIhandedhimsomemoney.ThenextthingIknewhewasstandingbesideme,offeringhisrighthandandholdingmychangeinhislefthand.Hiskindeyeslockedontomine.Smiling,andwithafirmhandshake...1.Whiletheauthorstoodinthecheckoutline,shefelt______.A.comfortableB.enthusiastic

15C.impatientD.embarrassed【答案】C【解析】细节题。根据“checkoutlines”可定位至原文第一段，根据“ThelineIwasstandinginwasn’tmovingasquicklyasIwanted”可得知作者的不耐烦。故选C。2.Intheopinionoftheauthor,peopletendedto______.A.remaincalmwhilehavingatalkB.talkaboutunimportanttopicsC.developamindlessconversationD.facecommunicationproblems【答案】C【解析】细节题。根据题干中“Intheopinionoftheauthor”，结合题文一致的特点，可以帮助我们将该题定位至第三段，“Ithoughtitwasstrange,butIguessedIhadgrownaccustomedtopeopleaskingmehowIwasdoingsimplyoutofaconversationwithoutthinking.”。故选C。3.TheauthorthoughtMartyspecialbecause______.A.hespentasmuchtimeaspossibleservingcustomersB.hewaspatientwithallthequestionsfromcustomersC.heshowedparticularinterestincustomers’personallifeD.heexpressedhissinceritywhilegivingbackthechange【答案】D【解析】细节题。根据文章第四段的信息，“Thisoldcashierseemedsincereaboutwantingtoknowhowpeoplewerefeeling...”，可得知，主要是因为这位年老收银员真诚服务的态度，让作者感受到了不一样，故选D。4.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Martywasatalkativeman.B.Martycaredalotaboutwhathedid.C.Theauthorfailedtogetalongwellwithothers.D.Theauthorwasdissatisfiedwithsuchawasteoftime.

16【答案】B【解析】细节推断题。文章主要借由自己曾经排队的一次经历，被那位年老的收银员的真诚服务态度所感动的故事。因此可以排除A和D。C选项与文意不符,所以不选。故选B。DreaminHeartOnthefirstdayofschoolourprofessorintroducedanewclassmate—awrinkledlittleoldlady—tous.HernamewasRose,andshewaseighty-sevenyearsold.AfterclassRoseandIwalkedtotheStudentUnionBuildingandsharedachocolatemilk-shake.Shetoldmeshealwaysdreamedofhavingacollegeeducationandnowshewasgettingone.Webecameinstantfriends.Everydayforthefollowingmonths,wewouldleaveclasstogetherandtalknonstop.Iwasalwaysattracted,listeningtothis“timemachine”asshesharedherwisdomandexperiencewithme.Rosebecamefamousandeasilymadefriendswherevershewent.Shetendedtobehighlymotivated,responsible,anddeeplyinvolvedinclassparticipation.Insparetimeshehadsomeonehangoutorgotobarswith.Sheevenparticipatedinsomeformofathleticactivity.Shesaidthatextra-curricularactivitiescanformavitalpartofherexperience,creatinguniquechancesforfriendshipandlearning.AttheendofthetermweinvitedRosetospeakatourfootballmeal.Alittleembarrassed,sheleanedintothemicrophoneandsimplysaid.“I’msorryI’msonervous.”Aswelaughed,sheclearedherthroatandbegan,“Wedonotstopplayingbecauseweareold;wegrowoldbecausewestopplaying.Thereisahugedifferencebetweengrowingolderandgrowingup.Ifyou’renineteenyearsoldandlieinbedforonefullyear,youwillturntwenty.IfI’meighty-sevenyearsoldandstayinbedforayear,Iwillturneighty-eight.Anybodycangrowolder.It’snon-optionalbutthatdoesn’ttakeanytalentorability.Theideaistogrowupbyalwaysfindingthechanceinchange.Inthiswaytheelderlydon’thaveregretsforwhattheydid,butratherforthingstheydidnotdo.”Roseconcludedherspeechbycourageouslysinging“TheRose”.Shechallengedustostudythewordsofthesongandlivedthemoutindailylives.Attheyear’sendRosefinishedthecollegedegreeshehadbegunallthoseyearsago.OneweekaftergraduationRosediedpeacefullyinhersleep.Overtwothousandcollegestudentsattendedherfuneralinhonorofthewonderfulwomanwhotaughtbyexamplethatit’snevertoolatetobeallyoucanpossiblybe.1.WhydoestheauthorcompareRoseto“timemachine”inParagraph2?A.Tostressheroldageandknowledgeoflife.B.Todescribetheclosefriendshipbetweenthem.C.Toshowthatshealwaysenjoyedheractivelife.D.Toexplainwhyshetookonachallengeincollege.

17【答案】A【解析】细节题。定位到原文第二段句末，根据文章“timemachine”后的“asshesharedherwisdomandexperiencewithme”老人和我分享她的智慧和人生经历，可知这个比喻强调老人的年龄和人生知识；“时光机器”从中文也可以品味出来。故选A。2.Rosewasinvitedtospeakatthefootballmealmostprobablybecause______.A.shewasagreatfootballfanB.shewasthesmarteststudentC.shetriedhardtoachieveherdreamD.shebecamemoreeducatedthantheothers【答案】C【解析】细节题。从文章第四段“Ifyouarenineteenyearsoldandlieinbedforonefullyear,youwillturntwenty”这些内容说明要努力，以及第二段中“Shetoldmeshealwaysdreamtofhavingacollegeeducationandnowshewasgettingone.”她一直梦想上大学，虽然今年87了，但是她现在实现了。故选C。3.WecanlearnthatRoseagreedwiththeideathat______.A.growingoldermeansgrowingupB.ittakestalentandabilitytogrowupC.receivinghigheducationhelpstobecourageousD.onegrowsolderatthesametimewhenhegrowsup【答案】B【解析】细节题。根据文章第四段“Thereisahugedifferencebetweengrowingolderandgrowingup”，排A和D；C属于无中生有；根据文章第四段“Anybodycangrowolder.It’snon-optionalbutthatdoesn’ttakeanytalentorability”，可知成功需要天赋和能力。故选B。4.Thepassageisintendedto______.A.provideanexamplefortheelderlyB.discusshowtogrowupquicklyC.telltheimportanceofattendingcollegeD.inspirethereaderstoliveuptolives【答案】D

18【解析】主旨题。根据文章最后一句中“it’snevertoolatetobeallyoucanpossiblybe.”可知是在激励读者。故选D。SheWalkedThroughFireOnThanksgivingWeekend,theHeffelmirefamilygatheredforamealattheirhome.Afterdinner,thefamilywentdowntothefinishedbasementtorelaxexceptCharlotte’sfather,Eric,whowasinthegaragetofixhistruck.Around8pm,Charlottedecidedtocheckonherdad.ShewalkedthroughtheKitchen.Whensheopenedthesaiddoortothegarage,blacksmokeroseupintothekitchen.Shecouldbarelymakeoutherfatherlyingonhisback,trappedunderthetruck.He’dremovedthefrontpassenger-sidetyreandraisedthetruckonajack(千斤顶).Thetruckhadslippedoffthejack,andnowthewholeweightofthewheelwasonhischestandshoulders.Charlotterantothefrontofthetruckandstruggledtoliftit.Ericwasstillconscious,andheyelled,“Yougotit!Onemoretry!”Shetriedagainandwasabletotipthetruckbackwardjustenoughforhertopullherdadbytheshirtwithbothhandsfromunderthetruck.Shedraggedhimacrossthegarageand20feetdownthedriveway.Thensheranbacktothegarage,whichhadburstintoflames,“Iwasafraidthecarwasgoingtoexplode,”saysCharlotte,sosheclimbedintotruck,whichfacedforward,turnedthekey,andpressedthegaspedal(油门).Thecarsolelyrolledout,themetalwheelscratchingloudlyagainsttheconcrete.Safelyonthedriveway,Charlottestoppedthetruckandranbacktothebasement.“There’safire!Everybodygetout!”sheyelledasshepickedupherthree-month-oldnieceandranout.Outside,shehandedthebabytohermom,andthenranaroundtotheburninggarage.Shepickedupagarden(水管)andsprayedthefirewhilecalling911.Afewminuteslater,firefightersandanambulancearrived.Charlottewastreatedforsecond-degreeburnsonbothherfeetandface.Herdadhadinjuriesonhischestandshoulders,aswellasminorburnsonhisface.Thegarageandthehouseweredamagedbutthefamilysurvived.TheHeffelmiresarestayinginanapartmentwhiletheirhouseisrebuilt.“Charlotteisaremarkablekid,”saysherdad.Charlotte,however,simplysays,“Iwassavingmyfamilyandmyhouse.Iwasn’tgoingtoletmydaddie.”1.Ericgottrappedbecause______.A.thekitchenwasonfireB.thewheelfelloffthetruckC.thefronttyrewasremovedD.thetruckslippedoffthejack

19【答案】D【解析】细节题。根据题干中关键词Ericgottrapped可知，此题定位在文章第二段最后一句“Thetruckhadslippedoffthejack,andnowthewholeweightofthewheelwasonhischestandshoulders.”由此可知，Eric之所以被困住是因为皮卡车从千斤顶上划过。故选D。2.Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderoftheevents?a.Charlottecalledthefirefighters.b.CharlottesavedEricfromunderthetruck.c.Charlottedrovethetruckoutofthegarage.d.CharlottewarnedthefamilytoleavethehouseA.bcadB.abdcC.acbdD.bcda【答案】D【解析】细节题。考查文章顺序，根据文章二到六段可知，Charlotte先是救出了Eric，然后把车开出车库，接下来提醒地下室中的家人有危险，最后打电话找了消防队。排列顺序可知D为正确选项。故选D。3.Asaresultofthefire,______.A.thetruckexplodedB.thehousewasnotfittoliveinC.thethree-month-oldbabywasinjuredD.Charlottewasburnedonherchestandshoulders【答案】B【解析】细节题。根据文章最后一段“Thegarageandthehouseweredamagedbutthefamilysurvived.”及该句之前的两句“Charlottewastreatedforsecond-degreeburnsonbothherfeetandface.Herdadhadinjuriesonhischestandshoulders,aswellasminorburnsonhisface.”可得知，房子被毁，无法居住。而皮卡车没有爆炸，Eric的胸部和肩膀受伤，综合以上，本题B选项正确。故选B。FindingaNewSpringAtradesmanwasleadingacaravan（商队）toanothercountrytosellhisgoods.Alongthewaytheycametotheedgeofaseverehot-sanddesert.Theylearntthatduringthedaytimethesunheatsupthefinesanduntilit’sashotascharcoal,sonoonecanwalkonit—notevenbullocks（小公牛）orcamels!Sothecaravanleaderhiredadesertguide,onewhocouldfollowthestars,sotheycouldtravelonlyatnightwhenthesandcoolsdown.They

20beganthedangerousnight-timejourneyacrossthedesert.Acoupleofnightslater,aftereatingtheireveningmeal,andwaitingforthesandtocool,theystartedoutagain.Laterthatnight,thedesertguide,whowasdrivingthefirstcart,sawfromthestarsthattheyweregettingclosetotheothersideofthedesert.Hehadalsoovereaten,sothatwhenherelaxed,hefellasleep.Thenthebullockswho,ofcourse,couldn’ttelldirectionsbyreadingthestars,graduallyturnedtothesideandwentinabigwidecircleuntiltheyendedupatthesameplacetheyhadstartedfrom!Bythenitwasmorning,andthepeoplerealizedtheywerebackatthesamespot.Theylostheartandbegantocryabouttheircondition.Sincethedesertcrossingwassupposedtobeoverbynow,theyhadnomorewaterandwereafraidtheywoulddieofthirst.Theyevenbegantoblamethecaravanleaderandthedesertguide.However,theleaderhimselfdidn’tlosecourage.Hebeganwalkingbackandforth,tryingtothinkoutaplan.Remainingalert,outofthecornerofhiseye,henoticedasmallclumpofgrass.Hethought,“Withoutwater,noplantcouldliveinthisdesert.”Soheaskedhisfellowtravelerstodigupthegroundonthatveryspot.Theyduganddug,andafterawhiletheygotdowntoalargestone.Hegotdownintothehole,puthiseartothestone,andheardthesoundofflowingwater.Aspringwasfound.Allthepeoplewereoverjoyed.Theydrankandbathedandwashedtheanimalsandcookedtheirfoodandate.Beforetheyleft,theyraisedahighflagsothatothertravelerscouldseethenewspringinthemiddleofthehot-sanddesert.Thentheytraveledonsafelytotheendoftheirjourney.1.Whydidthetradesmanandhiscaravanhavetotravelduringthenight?A.Touselesswaterwhilecrossingthedesert.B.Itwastoohottowalkonthedesertinthedaytime.C.Theymightbeabletofindthespringinthequietnight.D.Theguidecouldfindashortwaybyfollowingthestars.【答案】B【解析】细节题。从文章第一段“Theylearntthatduringthedaytimethesunheatsupthefinesanduntilit`sashotascharcoal,sonoonecanwalkonit(——notevenbullocksorcamels!)Sothecaravanleaderhiredadesertguide,(onewhocouldfollowthestars,)sotheycouldtravelonlyatnight(whenthesandcoolsdown)”他们（商人）了解到白天太阳把细沙加热到跟焦炭一样烫，所以他们可以只在晚上赶路；可知商人要晚上赶路是因为白天沙漠太烫脚。故选B。2.Whydidthegroupfeelsodesperatewhentheywerebacktothestartingpoint?A.Theywereindangerofdyingofthirst.B.Theywererunningoutoffood.C.Theirguidehadlosttheway.

21D.Theirleaderhadlostheart.【答案】A【解析】细节题。从文章第二段倒数第二句“Theylostheartandbegantocryabouttheircondition.Sincethedesertcrossingwassupposedtobeoverbynow,theyhadnomorewaterandwereafraidtheywoulddieofthirst.”这队商人丧失信心并开始为他们的情况哭了起来，因为（按照预期）到现在为止跨越沙漠应该已经结束（但是并没有），他们没有更多的水，担心会死于口渴。可知这队商人如此的绝望（丧失信心）是因为：他们转回了原地，出不去沙漠又没有水，要渴死；B，他们没有食物，原文没提到；C，他们的向导迷路了，向导打瞌睡醒了之后，是知道怎么走出去的，但是水不够撑那么多天。故选A。3.Whatisthemoralofthestory?A.Nevergiveuptooeasily.B.Don’tmindwhatothersthinkofyou.C.Don’tforgetsorrowfollowsextremejoy.D.Neverrefusetoofferhelpwhenyouareneeded.【答案】A【解析】主旨题。本文讲的故事是一个商队跨越沙漠，眼见快到达沙漠的另一头，向导打瞌睡导致转回了原点，而水不够了。正当大家都在心灰意冷感觉要渴死于沙漠时，领队没有丧失信心踱来踱去想主意,正好发现了一丛草，于是灵机一动想到此地有泉水，最后绝地逢生；所以要告诫我们的除了“行百里者半九十，越是到最后越是不能大意”之外，更重要的是“不要轻易放弃”。故选A。