o／w型乳液的破乳研究

《o／w型乳液的破乳研究》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。

1、大庆石油学院工程硕士专业学位论文O/W型乳液的破乳研究摘要自从大庆油田进入高含水开发阶段以来，油田生产中产生了大量的稳定性较高的水包油型乳液。采油助剂的大量应用也使得采出液组成成分变得繁复，这使得油田回注污水的组分也更加趋于复杂化。在对油田采出液高效快速破乳的同时，对回注污水进行有效而又快速破乳，已经成为影响采油成本、原油质量、产量以及控制油田环境污染不可忽视的关键性因素。油田回注污水受到注水压力的限制，回注污水的含油量小于10mg/L的要求，这就需要对乳化污水进行有效的破乳处理。为了降低油田环境的污染，十分有必要在污水排放前对含油污水进行破乳处理，以达到绿色化学的生态要求

2、。理论和实践都已证明在破乳过程中要尽量控制各种因素，创造出使微小的水滴聚结变大这样的条件，加速水滴沉降的油水分离过程。本文针对破乳剂的发展历程、分类状况以及水包油型破乳剂的破乳过程和机理，还有破乳剂的性能指标，破乳剂破乳的效果评价方法以及标准都进行了系统研究，分析了水包油型乳状液的形成原因，稳定状况影响因素。同时合成了两种不同的破乳剂，进而对其破乳性能进行了综合考查和评价。关键词:O/W型乳状液；破乳剂；改性阳离子聚丙烯酰胺；破乳；污水含油量IABSTRACTStudyonDemulsifyofOil-in-WaterEmulsionAbstractSincetheDaqi

3、ngOilFieldhasenteredthehighwaterydevelopmentofwork,intheoilfieldproductionhaveproducedmassiveoil-in-wateremulsionfluidwithhighstablity.Thelargelyuseoftheextractionauxiliaryagenthasmadethecomponentoftheoutputfluidcomplication,andalsomadethereinjectionsewage’scomponentcomplication.whilebreak

4、ingtheemulsionhigheffectivelyandquicklytotheoutputfluid,carryingoneffectiveandthefastemulsionbreakingtothereinjectionsewagealreadybecomesthenoticeablecrucialfactorthatinfluenceoftheextractioncost,thequalityandtheoutputofthecrudeoilaswellasthecontrolofoilfieldenvironmentalpollution.Inrecent

5、years,basedonthethelimitofirrigationpressureoftheoilfieldreinjectionsewageandthereinjectionsewageoilcontentbesmallerthan10mg/L,thismustcarryoneffectiveemulsionbreakingprocessingtotheemulsifiedsewage.Inordertoreducetheoilfieldenvironmentalofpollution,Itisnecessarytocarryonemulsionbreakingpr

6、ocessingextremelybeforetheemissionsoftheoil-containedsewagetoachievetherequestofgreenchemistryecology.Thetheoryandthepracticehadprovedthat,intheemulsionbreakingprocess,wemustcontroleachkindoffactorasfaraspossible,andcreatconditionstomakethesmallbubbleagglutinationtoincrease,andtoaccelerate

7、waterdropsubsidenceofwater-oilseparationprocess.Thisarticlestudiedthedevelopmentcourseofdemulsifyingagent,classifiedconditionaswellasoil-in-wateremulsionfluidbreakingprocessandmechanism,Italsostudiedtheemulsionbreakingperformanceindexandtheperformanceevaluatio