资源描述：
《2023届高三英语总复习 （人教版2019）专题41.定语从句考点运用（教师版）》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
定语从句考点运用基本概念：定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词、充当定语的句子叫定语从句。因其功能相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句。先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。关系词:引导定语从句的词，也叫引导词。分为关系代词（who，whom，that，which，whose,as）和关系副词(where，when，why)。关系词要在定语从句中作某个成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。限制性定语从句：对先行词起修饰限定作用的定语从句。非限制性定语从句：对先行词或主句起补充说明作用的定语从句，通常引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开。备考方向语法填空常考点短文改错常考点写作常用句式1.关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that,as的用法；2.关系副词where,when,why的用法；3.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。1.引导非限制性定语从句该用which而误用其他关系词(如that)；2.关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that的缺失；3.关系代词who,whom的错用；4.先行词是人或物时，关系代词who,which的错用；5.关系代词as的错用；6.关系副词和关系代词的误用；7.人称代词与关系代词的误用。1.Asweallknow.../Asisknowntoall...“众所周知……”2.Assb.putsit...“按照某人所说的……”3.such...as...“像……这样的……”4.thesame...as.../thesameas...“像……一样的”5.oneofthe＋复数名词＋定语从句“……中的一个”6.theonlyoneofthe＋复数名词＋定语从句“……中唯一的一个”7.由which引导的非限制性定语从句。...,which...(which代替上文整句话，译为“这一点”)重点难点(一)who,whom,whose引导定语从句的用法1．先行词是人，关系词在定语从句中作主语时，用who/that，关系词不可省略；关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，用whom/who/that，关系词可以省略。2．先行词those后常用who引导定语从句。3．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，如果先行词指人，用whom指代人且不能省略。4．whose引导定语从句时，作定语，且不能省略。
1I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolwho/whom/thatImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的同校同学成了好朋友。IhavemanyfriendstowhomI'mgoingtosendpostcards.我要寄贺卡给我的很多朋友。Theschoolshop,whosecustomersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.这家主要顾客是学生的校内商店，放假时关闭。点津：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。Tomistheonlyoneoftheengineerswhohascomeupwiththesolution.汤姆是这些工程师中唯一一个想出解决方法的人。(二)that,which引导定语从句的用法1．that引导定语从句既可指人又可指物，指人时通常可与who,whom互换，指物时通常可与which互换。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。2．定语从句中用that不用which的情况：(1)当先行词是all,any,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词或被它们修饰时。(2)当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。(3)当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时。(4)当先行词既有人又有物时。(5)当定语从句出现在which或who的特殊疑问句中时。(6)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另一个宜用that。(7)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时。(8)主句以here,there开头且先行词是指物的名词时。随堂练习1.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythinghehadstolen.2.There seems to be nothing is impossible to him in the world.3.There is little I can do for you.4.ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.5.The first place they visited in London was the Big Ben.6.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonswesawthen.7.Look at the man and his dog are walking up the street.8.HeistheonlypersonIwanttoseenow.9.Whoisthemanisstandingthere?10.Which is the T-shirt fits me most? 【答案】1.that2.that 3.that 4.that5.that 6.that7.that 8.that9.that10.that 3．which引导定语从句(1)先行词为物。
2(2)which在从句中作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。4．定语从句中用which而不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词用which而不用that。(2)关系代词前面有介词时，用which而不用that。(3)先行词为that/those时，用which而不用that。Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseumthat/whichwasconstructedthreeyearsago.她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。Whoisthemanthatissittingontherocksmoking?坐在岩石上抽烟的那个人是谁？Theboywasawayfromhomeforaweek,whichworriedhisparentsverymuch.这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。随堂练习1.IstillrememberthedayIfirstgottoParis.2.Sheheardaterriblenoise，broughtherheartintohermouth.3.ThatisthebookIborrowedfromthelibrary.4.Isthereanythingisnotexpensivewhichwecanbuyforherasagift?【答案】1.onwhich2.which3.which4.that(三)as引导定语从句的用法关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。1．as引导限制性定语从句时常用于下列句式：(1)其中关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。(2)...suchas...凡是……的人(或事物)，所有……人(或事物)其意义相当于everythingthat,allthose,thosethat(who)等。as引导定语从句并在从句中担当成分，定语从句修饰先行词such。Takesuchasyouneed.你需要什么就拿什么。Youmaychoosesuchasyouprefer.你可挑选自己想要的东西。2．关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别：as意为“正如，正像”，引导的非限制性定语从句既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而which意为“这件事，这一点”，引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代整个主句的内容。SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.
3像在我们车间使用的这样的机器是中国制造的。Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmakeshisparentsveryhappy.汤姆取得了很大进步，这使他父母很高兴。“Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch，”astheoldsayinggoes.正如老话所说的那样：“天下没有免费的午餐。”1.He married her, was natural. 2.He is honest, we can see. 3. is known to all, China is a developing country. 4.He is from the south, we can know from his accent. 5.John, you know, is a famous writer. 6.Theairqualityinthecity, isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths7.He has been to Paris ten times, I don’t believe. 8.I’ve never heard such stories he tells. 9.He is not such a fool he looks. 10.This is the same dictionary I lost last week. 11.She wore the same dress her younger sister wore. 【答案】1.as / which 2.as / which 3.As4.as 5.as 6.which 7.which 8.as 9.as 10.as 11.as (四)关系副词when,where,why引导定语从句的用法1．when引导定语从句关系副词when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。2．where引导定语从句(1)在定语从句中作地点状语。(2)先行词可以是表示具体地点的名词(如place,home,school,village,city等)。(3)先行词也可以是表示抽象意义的名词(如job,life,situation,point,case,stage,activity等)。如果定语从句用来修饰point,situation,part,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，并且作状语，要用where引导定语从句，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”，这种现象叫做地点模糊化。常见的表地点的模糊化名词还有：occasion,circumstance,state,degree,extent,stage,level,period,aspect等。例如：①IhavecometothepointwhereIcan’tstandhim.②Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.③Wearetryingtoreachapointwherebothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.④IcanthinkofmanycaseswherestudentsobviouslyknowalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.⑤It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituationwheretheycanseethemselvesdifferently.注意：如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。例如：Rememberthatthereisstillonepointwhichwemustmakeclearattheconferencetomorrow.3．why引导定语从句关系副词why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于forwhich。
4I'mlookingforwardtothedaywhenmydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingforher.我正期盼那一天的到来，那时我女儿可以读这本书，并且了解我对她的感情。Sing!Chinahassetupabigstageforyoungpeoplewithatalentformusic,wheresomehavestoodoutamongthem.《中国新歌声》为有音乐天赋的年轻人建立了一个大舞台，在这个舞台上一些人从中脱颖而出。Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。Doyouknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn'tattendthemeeting?你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？随堂练习1.I still remember the day I first came to this school. 2.The time we got together finally arrived. 3.October 1, 1949 was the day the People’s Republic of China was founded. 4.Shanghai is the city I was born. 5.The house I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.6.Is this the place they fought the enemy? 7.Please tell me the reason you missed the plane. 8.The reason he was punished is unknown to us. 9.I don’t know the reason he looks unhappy today. 【答案】1.when2.when 3.when 4.where 5.where 6.where 7.why 8.why 9.why (五)“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句的用法1．介词和关系代词的确定若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：(1)先行词的意义；(2)从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；(3)句子的意思。TradingleathershoesisthebusinesstowhichtheGreensaredevoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。(bedevotedto“献身，致力于”，固定搭配)Careofthesoulisagradualprocessinwhicheventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.心灵的呵护是一个渐进的过程，在这一过程中，即使是生活中微小的细节也应该考虑在内。RecentlyIboughtanancientvase,thepriceofwhich(＝whoseprice)wasveryreasonable.最近我买了一个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。2．“of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句在some,any,few,little,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等代词或数词的前、后表示整体与部分的关系可以用ofwhich/whom。Hehadalotoffriends,noneofwhomwouldofferhelptohimwhenhewasintrouble.
5他有许多朋友，但当他遇到麻烦时没有人会给他提供帮助。随堂练习①IstillrememberthedayIfirstcametothisschool.②Great changes havetakenplacewelive.③The reasonherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.【答案】1.when(=onwhich)2.where(inwhich)3.why(=forwhich)随堂练习Ⅰ.单句填空1.In1984,Dr.MaryGroda-Lewis, wasthirty-fiveyearsoldthen,graduatedwithhonorsandrealizedherdream. 2.Hesaid,“...Iaddedasmallmoustache, wouldaddagewithouthidingmyexpression.” 1.Who2.which3.3.Theact, forbidstrading,waspassedin1448andisstillinforce. 4.Ourofficewasn’tfarfromChinatown, IfoundsomeverygoodChineserestaurants. 5.Asmoreandmorepeopleownprivatecars,parkinghasbecomeabigheadacheformanycarowners,especiallyforthose liveindowntownareaswithoutenoughparkingspaces. 6.Nowmillionsoffansareeagerlyawaitingitseighthandfinalseason, startsonApril14. 7.AfterlivinginAustraliaformanyyears,Louisefinallyreturnedtothecountry shewasborn. 8.Thereareperhaps40millioncompetitivetabletennisplayersandmanyordinarypeople playlessseriously. 9.Hewasagreatscientistandanextraordinaryman workandlegacywillliveonformanyyears. 10.ThatisanOxfordcollege, famousgraduatesincludethelateBenazirBhutto. 11.Butit’snotlikemanyothercountries thereseemstobetensionamongthedifferentcultures. 12.Then,afire, brokeoutin1969onCleveland’sCuyahogaRiver,shedlightontheproblemofchemicalpollutioninwater. 13.Pupils, usuallycomefromthefifthorsixthgrade,aredividedintodifferentteamsandtrytowritedowneverywordaccordingtoitspronunciation. 14.Iamalreadylookingforwardtotheirnextvisit IcanshowthemmoreofwhatSevilleoffers. 【答案】1.Who2.which3.Which4.where5.who6.which7.where8.who9.whose10.whose11.where12.which13.who14.whenⅡ.单句填空1.Wehaveenteredintoanage dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue. 2.Theirchildisatthestage shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences. 3.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork, helpsthemkeepfit. 4.Kate, sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia. 5.Self-drivingisanarea Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline. 6.Myeldestson, worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment. 7.In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneof purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation. 8.Ilivenextdoortoacouple childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.
69.Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek, theweathermaybebetter. 10.Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof hasbeenproved. 11.OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch, youcanhearsomelovelymusic. 12.Thenumberofsmokers, isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear. 13.Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere hisemployeesenjoytheirwork. 14.Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon schooleducationdepends. 15.ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership, showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina. 16.Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetime heshouldbeabletobeindependent. 17.Thebooksonthedesk, coversareshiny,areprizesforus. 【答案】1.when2.where3.which4.whose5.where6.whose7.whose8.whose9.when10.which11.where12.as13.where14.which15.which16.when17.whose三Therewasatime 1 IwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedspeakingEnglish.Andthiswasthereason 2 myfatherforcedmetojoinina30-daytraininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool.WhenIfirstcametotheclub, 3 Imetmanystrangers,Imissedmyparentsverymuch.SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome.Fortunately,myguide, 4 teacherwasYuMinhong,communicatedwithmefacetoface,from 5 Igainedsomeusefulinstructions.Healsointroducedagoodpartnertome,andwegotalongwellwitheachother.GraduallyIadaptedtothelifethere.EverydayIwouldtalktootherteenagersandsetdownaseriesofactivities 6 wedid.Ishouldbegratefultomyfatherandtheguide, 7 encouragedmetofallinlovewithEnglish.NowIfeelitinterestingtolearnEnglish,into 8 Iputmyentireenergy.EverydayIreadmywordsandpassagesaloud.InclassIjoininEnglishdiscussions.BeforeIgotosleep,Irecallthepassages,through 9 Icanmemorizealargenumberofnewwords. 10 ourEnglishteachersays,“AslongasyouformthehabitoflearningEnglisheverydayandhaveperseverance,youwillmasterEnglishsoonerorlater.” 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 【答案】1.when2.why3.where4.whose5.which6.that/which7.who8.which9.which10.As四MyclassmateMichaelstudiedveryhard 1 hewenttoseniorhighschool.Everydayheworked 2 everyoneelseinmyclasslefttheclassroom.Hesaidhewouldn’tstoptrying 3 hegotsatisfyingscoresinhisstudies.Hard 4 hetried,hemadelittleprogress.Buthedidn’tloseheartatall 5 hebelievedaslongashepersistedhewouldsucceedoneday. 6 timewentby,hemadeimprovementsinhisstudiesandhewasadmittedtoauniversityinBeijingatlast.Wehadaget-together 7 westartedournewlifeinuniversity.Everyonehadgotoffersfromuniversities, 8 wehadaverygoodtime.Whenwestood 9 weusedtoplayandstudy,wecouldn’thelpthinkingofourhappyolddays.Webelievedwewouldneverforgeteachother, 10 wewouldgoorwhateverwewoulddo. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
7【答案】1.after2.until/till3.unless/until4.as/though5.because6.As7.before8.so9.where10.wherever
