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人教版英语分册复习知识点七年级上Units5-6重点句型：Doyouhaveabasketball?Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.Let’swatchTV.No,thatsoundsboring.Thatsoundsgreat.Doyoulikehamburgers?Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.IlikeFrenchfries.Idon’tliketomatoes.重点语法:名词一.名词的分类:名词分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词指个人，地方,机构等专有名称.如：China,Shanghai,Lilei。普通名词又分为个体名词:某类人或东西中的个体.如fighter,gun,country,集体名词:若干个体组成的集合体.如family,team,police,class物质名词：无法分为个体的实物。如cotton,tea,air,抽象名词:动作,状态,品质,感情等抽象概念.如:health,happiness.个体名词和集体名词又叫做可数名词.物质名词和抽象名词又叫做不可数名词.二.名词的数。可数名词都有单数和复数之分。Ⅰ:规则的可数名词变复数的规则如下：1.一般情况加s:books,mouths,houses,girls2.以s，sh，ch,x结尾的es:classes,boxes,matches
13.辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i,再加es:cities,countries,parties,factories4.以o结尾的词多数+esheroesNegroespotatoestomatoeszeroes/zeros以o结尾并且词尾有两个元音字母+sradios,zoos,bamboos,(pianos,kilosphotos是特殊)5.以f,fe结尾的改f,或fe为v,再+es,例如:leaves,lives,wivesknives,halves,wolvesThethief’swifekilledthreewolveswithsomeleavesandknivesinhalfofherlife.但是,也有一些+s,如roofs,proofs,gulfs,beliefs,handkerchiefs/handkerchievesⅡ:不规则的可数名词变复数的规则：1.man—men,woman—women,tooth—teeth,foot—feet,child—children,mouse—mice,2.单复数相同:sheep,fish,deer,means,Chinese,Japanese,fish如表示不同种类的鱼时复数是fishes;Therearemanykindsoffishesinthatlake.3.以man,woman修饰名词构成合成词时,两个词都变化.manservant—menservants(男仆).(boy/girlstudents)womandoctor—womendoctors.4.复合名词的复数形式:
2son-in-law----sons-in-law(主体名词变化)film-goer----film-goers,grown-up----grown-ups(如果没有主体名词,在词尾加复数)5.字母,阿拉伯数字的复数形式一般加“’s”或“s”.Therearetwol’sintheword“all”.Ithappenedinthe1960’s/1960s.Iwillnotacceptyourif’sandbut’s.6.物质名词一般没有复数，有时用复数形式表示不同种类，wheats,fruits,vegetables,有时表示更广的词义，wood—woods,water—waters,sand—sands7.定冠词加姓氏的复数表示一家人。theTurners,theSmiths,theWangs.8.集体名词people,police,cattle总是作复数，(people作民族，种族时有单复数两种形式)Manycattlearekept.Severalpolicewereonduty.TheChineseareabraveandhard-workingpeople.TheEnglishareafunnypeople.9.集体名词class,public,family,population,team,crew,committee等单复数都有，但意义不同。Theclassisbig.----TheclassaretakingnotesinEnglish.
3ThepopulationinChinaislarger.----80%ofthepopulationinChinaarepeasants.10.hair，fruit通常作单数，表示总体。Hishairisgrey.arichharvestoffruit如果表示若干根头发，表示种类的水果时，可以加复数词尾。Hehadafewwhitehairs.Whatfruitsareonsaleinthisseason?11.以s结尾的学科名词只作单数。mathematics,physics,politics,等。（news）12.glasses，trousers，scissors，shoes，spectacles，等常用复数；但如果这些词前用apairof…//thispairof…//thatpairof…等修饰时谓语动词有pair来决定。Wherearemyglasses？Mynewpairoftrousersistoolong.Herearesomenewpairsofshoes.13.不可数名词没有复数形式，如果表示“一个”的概念，可用单位词。apieceofnews/information/advice/bread/cake/paper/meat/coal…abottleofink,agrainofrice,acakeofsoap…
4说明：可数名词和不可数名词之间并没有截然的界限；可数名词可以转变为不可数名词，同样不可数名词也可以转变为可数名词，要看清整个上下文的具体内容。三.名词的所有格。Ⅰ.有生命的名词所有格的构成：A.一般在词尾’s.theteacher’soffice,XiaoLi’ssister’shusband’smother.B.以s结尾的复数名词只加’workers’resthomes.themasses’requestC.不以s结尾的复数名词加’s.children’stoysWomen’sDayD:复合名词只在最后一个词的后面加’s.mysister-in-law’sbrother.E:表示共同所有的几个名词，只在最后一个词的后面加’s.ThisisTom,JamesandDick’sroom.F:表示各个所有关系的几个名词，在每个名词后分别加’s.Jenny’s,Jean’sandMary’sroomsfacetothesouth.G:名词短语只在最后一个词后加’s.aquarterofanhour’stalk.Ⅱ.名词所有格的用法：1.名词所有格主要用于表示有生命的名词，表示所属关系。LeiFeng’sdairy.theWorkingPeople’sPalaceofCulture.
52.也可用于表示时间的名词。today’spaper.anhour’sdrive.Friday’swork.3.也可用于表示地理、国家、城市等名词。thecountry’splan.thefarm’sfruit.China’spopulation.4.也可用于表示由人组成的集体名词。ourParty’sstand（党的立场）5.也可用于表示度量、价值的名词。twodollars’worthofbooks.apound’sweight.(现代英语中，这种用法越来越多。)Ⅲ.凡不能用’s属格的情况可用of属格表示所属关系。theCityofNewYork.amapofChina.特别是下列情况要用of属格：⑴当名词有较长的定语时，thenameofthegirlstandingatthegate.Haveyoureadthearticlesofthestudentswhowerewithusyesterday.⑵所修饰的名词前有数量词时，aplayofComradeLi’s.somefriendsofmybrother’s.⑶所修饰的名词前有一个指示代词时，thatperformanceoftheteachers’.
6Ⅳ.双重所有格：当of前面的名词有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词如a,an,this,that,these,those,two,three,four,any,some,several,no,few,another等修饰时，用双重所有格，双重所有格只用于表示人的名词并且都是特指的。apoemofLuXun’s.afriendofhis/hers.WhichnovelofDicken’sareyoureading?somefriendsofmybrothers’.5.几种特殊情况：thekeytothedoor.keystotheexercises.notestothetextanswerstothequestionticketsforthefilm//movieacheckfor$1500.anyoneelse’sbook.themonumenttothepeople’sheroes.theentrancetothestation//cinema在现代英语中of属格大都可用’s所有格代替。相关练习：1---Ifeeltired.Ihavesomuchworktodoanddon’thavemuchtimeformyself,--youshouldtake________ithink.AhealthBtimeClessonDerecise2--Askthenaughtyboysnottomankeany_______.
7Ican’tfallasleep.AnoiseBsoundCvoiceDsinging3.DuringChristamspeoplegettogetherandsingChristamssongsfor________AthanksBwishesCinterestDfun4.wehave_________atseveninthemorning.AbreakfastBlunchCsupperDdinner5–Pleasegivemea____whenyouarrive.--OK.I’lltelleverythingassoonasIgetthere.AhandBpresentCringDride6.WewatcheveningnewsonChannelIof______at7:00intheevering.A.MTVBCAACC.CCTVD.WTO7---Canyoutellmewhen________is?---Yes.It’sonthethirdSundayinJune.AMother’sDayB.Father’sDayC.TreePlanthingDayD.ThanksgivingDay8.WhereisTom?He’slefta________sayingthathehassomethingimportanttodo.AexcuseBsentenceCmessageDnews9Ifyouwanttoknowthemeaningofaword,youcanlookitupina_________.
8AdiaryBdiagramCnewspaperDdictionary10.Thewaiterorthewaitressusuallygivesusa______beforeweorderdishesinarestaurant.AmenuBbillClistDform11.Some________areflyingkitesneartheriverAchildBboyCboysDchilds12.---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?ATwocupofcoffeeBTwocupsofcoffeeCTwocupsofcoffeeDTwocupofcoffees13.Myschoolisabouttwenty_________walkfromhereAminuteBminutes’Cminute’sDminutes14.It’s_______bedroom.It’scleanandtidy.A.LilyanglucyB.LilyangLucy’sC.Lily’sangLuckD.LilyangLuck’s15.Theyarethose_____bags.PleaseputthemonthebusAvisitorBvisitorsCvisitor’sDvisitors’16.Alotofstonetablesandchairsare_____oftheriverandthenumberofthemisgrowing_______Aonbothside,greaterBoneachsides,moreConbothsides,largerDoneachside,more17.Iamthirsty.Wouldyoubringme______,please?AsomebreadBsomewaterCsomecakesDsome
9eggs18.TheseGermanswanttohavesome______forsupper,sotheydecidetocatch________now.A.fish,manyB.fishes,muchCfish,muchDfishes,many19.Theguidehassomenew______.ShecanshowthemtousAriceBfoodCjacketDpictures20I’mafraidthatthereisno______foryouinmycar,becausetherearealreadyfivepeopleAlandBfroundCroomDfloor
