高中英语-考点精析精练-动词(短文改错)

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命题点3动词本类考题解答锦囊1．看句子结构。英语中每个句子都有谓语，且由动词来担任，所以不能没有谓语或把其他词看作动词用作谓语，也不能把动词看为其它词。2．时态。特别要注意动词的过去式，及过去分词的拼写。3．语态，英语中有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态(takeplace，happen，Occur，beakout，breakfOnh，fall，rise，die，lie，appear为常见的不及物动词)。4．一致。包括与前面人称和数的一致及几个动词的结构一致。5．正确运用非谓语动词。6．不能错用动词。(如根据上下文的逻辑关系将这个动词改为它的反义词，go，arrive,open，borrow，take,sell依次改为come，1eave，close，lend／return，bring／bing,buy)。7．注意固定搭配。Ⅰ高考最新热门题1.(NMET20典型例题surethey'lllaughtometodothingsaswellasthem.命题目的与解题技巧：此题考查动词的用法。动词的考点主要涉及动词的意词，动词的词性，搭配，动词短语或短语动词，主谓一致，动词的时态语态，非谓语动词等。动词的用法灵活，不易掌握，在做此类题时，首先要研读题先找出信息词，理顺句意，再做判断。【答案】to→at．laughatsb“嘲笑某人〞，固定搭配。2.(NMET20典型例题Sometimes,wetalkedtoeachotherverywellinclass.答案：talked→talk根据短文内容可判断出要用一般现在时。3.(NMET20典型例题uthisparentsthinkgotocollegeismoreimportantthanplayingsports.答案：go→going．此处应用动名词短语going　to　colledge作主语，与playing　sports比照并且要结构形式相同。Ⅲ题点经典类型题1.(20典型例题)whenIspoketothem,theyoftenstareatmymouth.【答案】　spoke→speak.根据文章意思及时态一致原那么，应用一般现在时。2.(20典型例题合诊断)Instendofhelpinghimstandingup,LiPingshoutedattheoldmanangnily.答案：standing→stand.helpsbdosth帮助某人做某事。3.(20典型例题)Aroundtheworldmoreandmorepeoplearetakenpartindangenoussportsandactivities.答案：taken→taking．根据文章，应用一般现在时。4.(20典型例题模拟)Lookbackatmychildhoodexperience,Ithinkthatthreereasonsmighterplainthefear.答案：Look→Looking．现在分词短语用于独立主格结构。Ⅲ新高考命题探究1.动词时态(1)ThefilmbeganbeforeIarrived.答案：began改为had　begum过去完成时，表示过去某一点之前已完成的动作。(2)WenevervisitedtheGreatWall.

1答案：never前加have．现在完成时，have　never．done　sth．表示到目前为止从来没干某事(3)Hisbrotherhasjoinedinthe.armyforthreeyears.答案：joined改为been．join为非延续性动词，不与表示一段时间的状语连用。(4)Hurryup!Wemustgettherebeforethesunset.答案：set改为sets．before引导一个时间状语从时，用一般现在时表示将来。(5)Hergrandmotherhasbeendiedfortwentyyears.答案：died改为dead．die是一个瞬间性动词。不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。(6)IshallletherknowitassoonasIshallmeether.答案：将第二个shall去掉。assoonas引导一个时间状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来。(7)Idon'tthinkJimsawme;heisjuststaringintothesky.答案：is改为was．当时正在干某事，用过去进行时。(8)Youdosaythatyouwouldlendmesomemoneyyesterday.答案：do改为did．yesterday，说明用过去式。(9)Thepricehasgonedown,butIdoubtwhetheritremainso.答案：it后加will．根据句意：价格已经降下来了，但我疑心它能否将保持目前这个样子。whether引导的宾语从句用将来时态。(10)Thebuildingwhichisnowbuiltnearmyschoolwillbeawell-equippedhospital.答案：now后加being．isbeingbuilt，正在被建设中的。2.动词语态(1)Thepricehasbroughtdownalot.答案：has后加been．bringdown为及物动词；意为“使……降下来〞。根据句意应用被动语态。(2)Thisquestionmustworkedoutatonce.答案：must后加be此处需用被动语态。(3)TheSecondWorldWarwasbrokeoutin1939.答案：去掉was．breakout是不及物动词，无被动形式。(4)Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollectioncompleted.答案：completed改为iscompleted．根据句意。before从句应用被动结构。(5)Clenaingwomeninbigcitiesusuallygetpaybythehour.答案：pay改为paid．getpaid意为“获得报酬〞。(6)Look!Thedogsaretrainedtohelptheblindtocrossroad.答案：are后加being．arebeingtrained，正被训练。(7)WearehopingthataconcertwillheldsoonatwhichtheworksofLisztwillplay.答案：will后加be.willbeheld将来时态的被动结构。(8)Inordertopreventthefirefromspreading,someofthehousesnearbyhadpulleddownbeforethefiremenarrived.答案：had后加been．hadbeenpulleddown，被动结构，过去完成时。(9)Itwasobviousthatthemanhadbeendrivingonthefreewayforalmostanhourwhenhetoldthathehadtocomeback.答案：第一个be后加was．根据句意，when引导的状语从句，应用被动语态。(10)Ilostandhadtoaskapolicemantheway.答案：I后加was或got．be／getlost意为“迷路〞。3.非谓语动词

2(1)Itistimeharvestwheat.答案：time后加to．It'stimetodosth．是干某事的时候了。(2)Pleasetellmehowworkitout.答案：how后加to．how+不定式作宾语。(3)I'mthirsty.Getmesomethingtodrinking.答案：drinking改为drink不定式作定语。(4)Shewasmadefeedtwochidrenanddosomecleaning.答案：made后力Dto．makesb．dosth．被动结构为bemadetodo．(5)Thatbookisworthreadtwice.答案：read改为reading．beworthdoing为固定搭配，“值得干……〞(6)I'mlookingforwardtoseeyousoon.答案：see改为seeing．1ookforwardto中to为介词，后接名词或动名词。(7)Herfatherescapedkilledinthewar.答案：escaped后加being。escape后跟名词或动名词，表示逃脱、逃避，比方exepepunishment／beingpunished逃避惩罚。(8)OurEnglishteacherenjoyslistentomusic.答案：listen改为listening．enjoydoing"喜欢干某事〞，某些动词后习惯跟v—ing作宾语。(9)Mygrandfatherhasbeenusedtolivequietlyinthecountry.答案：live改为living．beusedtodoing固定用法，意为“习惯了干某事〞。(10)Hesawthechidrenplayunderthetreewhenhecamebackfromwork答案：play改为playing．seesb.doingsth．为“看见某人正在干某事。〞(11)Theroomisdrity.Itneedscleaned.答案：cleaned改为cleaning．need／want／require表示“需要〞之意时，后跟v—ing．(12)Iheardhersingingtherelastnight.答案：singing改为sing．hearsb.dosth．“听见某人干了某事〞，指干某事从头至尾的过程。(13)Losinginthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.答案：Losing改为Lost．1istimthought过去分词短语作状语，说明主语的状态。(14)HetriedtomakehimselfunderstandinEnglish.答案：understand改为understood．makeoneself+过去分词，分词与oneself之间是被动的关系。(15)Whoisthewomantalkwithourteacheroverthere?答案：talk改为talking．v—ing分词短语作定语，相当于一个定语从句：thatistalkingwith．．．(16)Theteachercamein,followedagroupofstudents.答案：followed改为following．认v—ing分词作方式状语，分词动作与主语是主动的关系。或followed后加by．v-ed分词与主语之间的被动关系。(17)Ourteacheraskedusnotbelateforclassagain.答案：not后加to．asksb．nottodosth．要求某人不要干某事。(18)Youwillsoonnoticethattheyhaveformedagroupmakingupofdoctorsandlawyers.答案：making改为made．makeupof．．．过去分词短语作定语，与被修饰词之间是被动关系。(19)Seatedhimselfinachair,Mr.Crossettbegantolookthroughtheeveningpaper

3andsuddenlyheheardaknockatthedoor.答案：Seated改Seating．seat为及物动词，认—ing与主句主语之间是主动关系，表伴随状况；可将himself去掉。v．—ed分词说明主语的状态。(20)IremainedpuzzlinglongafterIhadbeentoldthestory.答案：puzzling改为puzzled．remain为系动词，表示“人感到……〞，用-ed形容词作表语。4.虚拟语气(1)HowIwishIamyou.答案：am改为were．wish后的宾语从句，谓语动词用过去式表示与目前事实相反的一个愿望，be的过去式were．(2)IwishIhavegonetothepartylastnight.答案：have改为had．wish后的宾语从句，谓语动词用"had+过去分词〞表示与过去事实相反的一个愿望。(3)Theteacherorderedtheclassroomswept.答案：classroom后加be．order后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语结构为：(should)+动词原形。(4)Mysuggestionisthatwewilldiscussitanotherday.答案：will改为should或将will去掉。suggestion，proposal，plan，idea，order，request，advice作主语时，其后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语构成为：(should)+v．(5)Theworkersonstrikedemandedthattheirwagesincreased.答案：increased前加be．(should)beincreased表示虚拟语气，用于动词demand之后的宾语从句中。(6)Ifheishere,wewouldknowbowtodoit.答案：is改为were．虚拟语气用于条件句，与目前事实相反的一个假设，if从句的谓语动词用过去式，be的过去式用were。(7)Theteacherinsistedthatherstudentsdidtheirhomeworkalone.答案：did改为do．(should)do表示虚拟语气，用于insist后的宾语从句中。(8)Thewomantalksasifsheknowseverything.答案：knows改为knew．as汀引导的句子多用虚拟语气，用过去时态表示与目前事实相反。　(9)Havehehadthetime,hewouldhavedoneit.答案：Have改为Had．省略if的条件从句，原句为Ifhehadhadthetime，表示与过去事实相反。(10)Withoutelectricityhumanlifewillbequitedifferenttoday.答案：will改为would／should／might．without短语相当于一个条件状语从句，上下句间构成了一个与现在事实相反的一种假设；主句谓语：would／should／might+v．5.情态动词(1)Hewillbebacksoon.Youcan'tworry.答案：high改为tall．形容细而高的东西用形容词tall．(2)Igotlostandmustaskapolicemantheway.答案：health改为healthy．healthy，形容词作表语。(3)--MustIfinishtheworkbeforeIgohome?--No,youmustfft.答案：many改为large．形容人口众多，用形容词large．(4)Sincethegroundwaswetthismorning,itmustrainedlastnight.

4答案：must后加have．musthavedone是对过去一个动作肯定的判断。(5)Ididfftneedgetupearlythismorning,soIstayedinbeduntil9.答案：need后加to根据didn't来判断，need为实义动词，后接不定式。(6)Lookatthatthinman.Hemustn'tbeMr.Black,forMr.Blackisfat.答案：mustn't改为can't否认的判断“不可能〞用can't．(7)Aftermeal,heshouldcheckedthebill.答案：去掉should．表示陈述一个事实；或should后加have，should+havedone表示“本应该干某事而没干〞(8)WhenGalileotoldpeopleofhisdiscovery,nooneshouldbelievehim.答案：should改为would．would可以表示“愿意〞。(9)Wouldwego?Yes,let's.答案：would改为shall．shall用于一、三人称，表示请求对方允许或提出建议。would用于第二人称，Wouldyoudo．．．?(10)Howdareshespeaktohismotherlikethat?答案：dares改为daredare用作情态动词，无dares形式。6.主谓一致(1)Halfoftheapplesisbad.答案：is改为are．谓语动词的单复数与halfof后的名词保持一致。或将apples改为apple．(2)EitherBoborIaretoblame.答案：are改为am．either．．．or．．，neither．．．nor．．．，notonly．．．butalso．．．等连接两个并列的主语，采用就近原那么。(3)Threefeetarenotlongenough.答案：are改为is．一段距离，一段时间，一笔钱等，都当作单数看待。(4)Nothingbuttreesweretobeseen.答案：were改为was．nothing作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。(5)Therestofthewaterarenotenough.答案：are改为is．therest作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词。(6)HeaswellasIareastudentofEnglish.答案：are改为is．主语为He，主语后的介词短语with．．．，togetherwith．．．，aswellas．．．等不能改变主语的数。(7)Doingmorningexercisesaregoodtous.答案：are改为is．认—ing，t。d。等形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。(8)Eachsoldierandeachsailorweregivenagun.答案：were改为was．each．．．andeach．．．，every．．．andevery．．．作主语，谓语动词用单数。(9)Theoldistakengoodcareofinourcountry.答案：is改为are．“the+形容词〞表示一类，谓语用复数形式。(10)Whatinterestsmemostisbetterwagesandworkingconditions.答案：is改为are．what引导主语从句，谓语习惯上用单数，假设表语为表示复数意义的名词时，谓语用复数。