2022届高三英语一模二模试题分类汇编广东及新高考I卷专题01 阅读理解（解析版）

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2022届高三英语一模二模试题分类汇编广东及新高考I卷专题01阅读理解（解析版）目录公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司一、广东佛山·二模（4月）二、广东广州·二模（4月）三、广东茂名·二模（4月）四、广东梅州·二模（4月）五、广东汕头·二模（4月）六、广东深圳·二模（4月）七、广东湛江·二模（4月）八、广东顺德·一模九、广东广州·一模十、广东茂名·一模十一、广东梅州·一模十二、广东汕头·一模公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

1一、广东佛山·二模（4月）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AMarathonisthesupremedisciplineoflong-distancerunning.Theyarenotonlyattractivefortopathletes,butalsoforhobbyrunners.Thechoiceofeventsisalmostendless.Nowwehaveputtogethersomemostbreathtakinglybeautifulonesthatyou’llbetempted(诱惑)torunholdingacamera.Ultra-trailAngkor,CambodiaThenewestofaseriesofAngkormarathons,thisendurancetestoffers32-km,64-kmand128-kmroutesaroundthefamoustemples,includingBayonandAngkorWat.Watchoutformonkeys,andthegigantictreevinesthatmemorablyhugsomeofthegreatbuildings.DodoTrail,MauritiusCrossingruggedcoastlineandtropicalforests,theDodoTrailisfullofwildlife,althoughthefamousdodobirdremains,sadly,extinct.Whilethedemanding50kmXtremeroutecovers828m-highBlackRiverPeak,abeginner-friendlyMiniDodoTrail(10km)iseasier.GreatOceanRoadmarathon,AustraliaAnotherwell-knownsceniccoastaldrive,southernAustralia’sGreatOceanRoadstagesafootraceeveryMay.Neck-achecouldbeaproblem:inonedirectionliesthescenicSouthSea,andinanotherhandsomeforestand,ifyou’relucky,akoalaortwo.Bewarned,however,thattheseriesofsteepslopesmakethisoneofthetoughestmarathons.BigFivemarathon,SouthAfricaMarathonmeetssafariattheprivatelyownedEntabeniGameReserveeveryJune.Thestarttimeisdependentontherace-daylocationoftheBigFivemembers–Africanelephants,Capebuffalo,lions,leopardsandrhinos–asorganizerstrytoguaranteesightings.1.Whichmarathonissuitableforlessexperiencedrunners?A.Ultra-trailAngkor.B.DodoTrail.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

2C.GreatOceanRoadmarathon.D.BigFivemarathon.2.Whydoesthewritermention“neck-ache”inGreatOceanRoadmarathon?A.Tohighlightthewonderfulscenery.B.Topresentthedifficultyoftheevent.C.Toattractattentiontophysicalhealth.D.Towarnrunnersofdangerousanimals.3.Whatdothefourmarathonshaveincommon?A.Riskyandtiringroutes.B.Beautifulcoastalviews.C.Chancestoseewildanimals.D.Fixedtimeforannualevents.【1~3题答案】【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了最美丽的、会让人忍不住带着相机跑的四个马拉松。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二个小标题下的“Whilethedemanding50kmXtremeroutecovers828m-highBlackRiverPeak,abeginner-friendlyMiniDodoTrail(10km)iseasier.”(虽然50公里的极限路线需要跨越828米高的BlackRiverPeak，但对初学者友好的MiniDodoTrail(10公里)是比较容易的。)可知，对于缺乏经验的跑步者而言，DodoTrail比较合适。故选B项。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据第三个小标题下的“Neck-achecouldbeaproblem:inonedirectionliesthescenicSouthSea,andinanotherhandsomeforestand,ifyou’relucky,akoalaortwo.”(脖子疼可能是个问题：一个方向是风景优美的南海，另一个方向是美丽的森林，如果你幸运的话，还会有一两只考拉。)可知，沿途有很多优美的风景，作者以“脖子疼”这种幽默的口吻叙述，是为了突出美丽的风景。故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第一个小标题下的“Watchoutformonkeys,andthegigantictreevinesthatmemorablyhugsomeofthegreatbuildings.”(小心猴子，还有那些令人难忘的缠绕着一些伟大建筑的巨大藤蔓。)，第二个小标题下的“Crossingruggedcoastlineandtropicalforests,theDodoTrailisfullofwildlife,althoughthefamousdodobirdremains,sadly,extinct.”(穿过崎岖的海岸线和热带森林，DodoTrail之路到处都是野生动物，尽管著名的渡渡鸟已经灭绝。)，第三个小标题下的“Neck-achecouldbeaproblem:inonedirectionliesthescenic公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

3SouthSea,andinanotherhandsomeforestand,ifyou’relucky,akoalaortwo.”(脖子疼可能是个问题：一个方向是风景优美的南海，另一个方向是美丽的森林，如果你幸运的话，还会有一两只考拉。)”以及第四个小标题下的“Thestarttimeisdependentontherace-daylocationoftheBigFivemembers–Africanelephants,Capebuffalo,lions,leopardsandrhinos–asorganizerstrytoguaranteesightings.”(比赛的开始时间取决于“五大”成员(非洲象、非洲水牛、狮子、豹子和犀牛)在比赛日的地点，因为组织者试图确保能看到这些动物。)可知，这四个马拉松沿途都能看到野生动物。故选C项。BLikemanyconstructions,itstartedsmall.Butnowthousandsofchildrenwithautism(自闭症)aremakingfriendsandlearningsocialskillsbyplayingaspecialversionofonlinebuildinggameMinecraft.StuartDuncangottheideathroughapopularblogheranabouthisownexperienceswithautismaswellasbringingupasonwithautism.Otherparentswithautisticchildrenstartedtellinghimthattheirkidswerecrazyaboutagamethatletthemexplorearandomlygeneratedwilderness.However,despitelovingthegame,manyofthechildrenwerebeingbullied(霸凌)byotherplayers.So,in2013,Duncan,awebdeveloperinCanada,setupaservertorunaversionofMinecraftonlyforchildrenwithautismandtheirfamilies.Hethoughttheinvite-onlyserverwouldattract10or20people,buthundredsrequestedtojoininthefirstfewdays.Now,almostthreeyearslater,runningthespecialversion,Autcraft,ishisfull-timejob.Thecommunityhasnearly7000members,alongwithateamofengineerstohelpmanageitsmanyactivities.“Parentsseesuchabenefitforthemselvesandtheirchildren,”saysDuncan.InMinecraft,youuseblocksofmaterialslikewoodandstonetobuildwhateveryoulike.“Thisisagreatwayforthemtoplayagametheylove,butalsohaveasocialexperience,”saysKateRinglandfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,whohasspent60hoursinsidethisvirtualworld,watchinghowthekidsplayandchattooneanother.“It’sgivinganalternativewayforthesekidstoexpressthemselvesandcommunicatewithoutthestressesofthephysicallifestuff.”Everydaysocialsituationscanbechallengingforautisticchildren,whomaystruggletopickuponsocialsignalsorunderstandanotherperson’sviewpoint.DuncanthinksMinecraftremovesthepressurestypicaloftherealworld.Thereisnonoisyorunfamiliarenvironmenttodistract(使分心)you,nopressuretotracktheotherperson’sfacialexpressionsorworryabouteyecontact.JoiningacommunitylikeAutcraftcouldbeagoodfirststeptofeelinglesssociallyanxiousandmoreengaged.4.WhatinspiredDuncantorunAutcraft?A.OnlineBullying.B.Hisson’srequest.C.Someparents’advice.D.Hisblogaboutautism.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutAutcraftfromParagraph3?A.Ithasabout7,000engineers.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

4B.Itwasanunexpectedsuccess.C.Ithelpedparentsplaywiththeirkids.D.Itremainsaccessibletoallthepeople.6.HowdoesMinecrafthelpchildrenaccordingtoDuncan?A.Byteachingcommunicationskills.B.Bysolvingtheirrealworldproblems.C.Byexplainingotherpeople’sviewpoints.D.Byofferingstress-freesocialexperiences.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HowCanWeDealWithAutism?B.WhatMakesMinecraftSoFamous?C.WhyDoOnlineGamesBenefitChildren?D.HowDoesAutcraftHelpAutisticChildren?【4~7题答案】【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现在成千上万的自闭症儿童正在通过玩一款特殊版本的在线建筑游戏Minecraft结交朋友，学习社交技能，网站开发者邓肯还为自闭症孩子开发了一个特殊版本Autcraft，Autcraft帮助自闭症孩子减少社会焦虑，增加社会参与度。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“However,despitelovingthegame,manyofthechildrenwerebeingbullied(霸凌)byotherplayers.(然而，尽管喜爱这款游戏，许多孩子还是被其他玩家霸凌)”以及第三段“So,in2013,Duncan,awebdeveloperinCanada,setupaservertorunaversionofMinecraftonlyforchildrenwithautismandtheirfamilies.(因此，在2013年，加拿大的网络开发者邓肯建立了一个服务器，只为自闭症儿童及其家庭运行的一个Minecraft版本)”可知，网络霸凌激励了邓肯去开发了Autcraft。故选A。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Hethoughttheinvite-onlyserverwouldattract10or20people,buthundredsrequestedtojoininthefirstfewdays.Now,almostthreeyearslater,runningthespecialversion,Autcraft,ishisfull-timejob.Thecommunityhasnearly7000members,alongwithateamofengineerstohelpmanageitsmanyactivities.(他原以为这个仅限邀请的服务器能吸引10到20人，但在最初几天就有数百人请求加入。现在，差不多三年过去了，他的全职工作就是运行特殊版本的Autcraft。这个社区有近7000名成员，还有一个工程师团队来帮助管理它的许多活动)”可知，邓肯原以为这个服务器能吸引的人不多，但之后用户很多。由此可知，公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

5Autcraft获得了意料之外的成功。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“DuncanthinksMinecraftremovesthepressurestypicaloftherealworld.Thereisnonoisyorunfamiliarenvironmenttodistract(使分心)you,nopressuretotracktheotherperson’sfacialexpressionsorworryabouteyecontact.(Duncan认为Minecraft消除了现实世界的典型压力。这里没有嘈杂或不熟悉的环境让你分心，没有追踪对方面部表情的压力，也没有担心眼神交流)”可知，邓肯认为Minecraft通过提供无压力的社交体验来帮助自闭症孩子。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了现在成千上万的自闭症儿童正在通过玩一款特殊版本的在线建筑游戏Minecraft结交朋友，学习社交技能，网站开发者邓肯还为自闭症孩子开发了一个特殊版本Autcraft，结合最后一段“JoiningacommunitylikeAutcraftcouldbeagoodfirststeptofeelinglesssociallyanxiousandmoreengaged.(加入像Autcraft这样的社区可能是减少社交焦虑、增加社交参与度的良好第一步)”可知，Autcraft可以减少自闭症孩子的社交焦虑，帮助他们增加社交参与度，所以D项“Autcraft如何帮助自闭症儿童?”符合文章中心主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选D。CItissomethingonehalfofthepopulationhaslongsuspectedandtheotherhalfalwaysvocallydenied–womenreallydotalkmorethanmen.Infact,womentalkalmostthreetimesasmuchasmen,withtheaveragewomanchalkingup20,000wordsinaday–13,000morethantheaverageman.Womenalsospeakmorequickly,devotemorebrainpowertochit-chat,andactuallyenjoyhearingtheirownvoices,anewbooksuggests.Thebook–writtenbyafemalepsychiatrist,Dr.LuanBrizendine–saysthatinherent(生来就有)differencesbetweenthemaleandfemalebrainexplainwhywomenarenaturallymoretalkativethanmen.InTheFemaleMind,Brizendinesaysthedifferencescanbetracedbacktothewomb(子宫),wherethesexhormone(激素)calledtestosteronemouldsthedevelopingmalebrain.Theareasresponsibleforcommunication,emotionandmemoryareallreducedbeforeababyboyisborn.Theresultisthatboys–andmen–chatlessthantheirfemalepeersandstruggletoexpresstheiremotionstothesameextent.“Womenhaveaneight-lanesuperhighwayforprocessingemotion,whilemenhaveasmallcountryroad,”saidBrizendine.Thereare,however,advantagesofbeingthestrong,silenttype.Brizendineexplainsinherbookthattestosteronealsoreducesthesizeofthesectionofthebraininvolvedinhearing–allowingmentobecome“deaf”tothemostlogicalargumentsputforwardbytheirwivesandgirlfriends.Otherscientists,however,saymanyofthedifferencesbetweenthemaleandfemalepersonalitycanbe公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

6explainedbysocialconditioning,withachild’supbringinggreatlyinfluencingtheircharacter.DeborahCameron,anOxfordUniversitylinguisticsprofessorwithaspecialinterestinlanguageandgender,saidtheamountwetalkisinfluencedbywhowearewithandwhatwearedoing.“Ifyoulookthroughalargenumberofstudiesyouwillfindthereislittledifferencebetweentheamountmenandwomentalk,”sheadded.8.WhichclaimdoesthebookTheFemaleMindprobablysupport?A.Womenenjoyarguing.B.Womenareborntalkative.C.Womenaregreatpublicspeakers.D.Womentakeprideintheirtalents.9.Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“moulds”inParagraph3?A.Influences.B.Stimulates.C.Enlarges.D.Harms.10.HowaremenaffectedbytestosteroneaccordingtoDr.Brizendine?A.Theyhaveasmallsizeofbrain.B.Theyarenotsologicalintalking.C.Theyareusuallylesscommunicative.D.Theyareunwillingtolistentofemales.11.WhatmessagedoesCameroncarryinthelastparagraph?A.Furtherstudiesneedtobecarriedout.B.Genderseldomaffectsone’stalkingstyle.C.Theamountwetalkshapesourcharacter.D.Mentalkasmuchaswomenonthewhole.【8~11题答案】【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是女性话比男性更多，并对其原因进行分析。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“InTheFemaleMind,Brizendinesaysthedifferencescanbetracedbacktothewomb,wherethesexhormonecalledtestosteronemouldsthedevelopingmalebrain.Theareasresponsibleforcommunication,emotionandmemoryareallreducedbeforeababyboyisborn.(在《女性思维》一书中，布里曾丹说，这种差异可以追溯到子宫，在那里，被称为睾丸激素的性激素塑造了男性大脑的发育。在男孩出生前，负责沟通、情感和记忆的区域都在减少。)”可知，根据这本书的说法，话多不多是在出生前就决定了，TheFemaleMind可能支持的说法是女人天生健谈。故选B。【9题详解】公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

7词句猜测题。根据第三段的“Theareasresponsibleforcommunication,emotionandmemoryareallreducedbeforeababyboyisborn.(在男孩出生前，负责沟通、情感和记忆的区域都在减少。)”，这说明男孩儿还在子宫里的时候，被称为睾丸激素的性激素影响了男性大脑的发育，使负责沟通、情感和记忆的区域减少，因此划线词moulds的意思是“影响”，和Influences意思相近，故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的“Theresultisthatboys–andmen–chatlessthantheirfemalepeersandstruggletoexpresstheiremotionstothesameextent.(其结果是，男孩——以及男人——比他们的女性同伴更少聊天，并且难以在同样程度上表达自己的情感。)”可知，睾丸激素使男性不太爱说话，故选C。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Ifyoulookthroughalargenumberofstudiesyouwillfindthereislittledifferencebetweentheamountmenandwomentalk(如果你看过大量的研究，你会发现男人和女人说话的数量差别不大)”可知，卡梅伦在最后一段传达的信息是总的来说，男人说话的次数和女人一样多，故选D。DThetimeapersonspendsondifferentsmartphoneappsisenoughtoidentifythemfromalargergroupinmorethanoneinthreecases,sayresearchers.Researchersanalyzedsmartphonedatafrom780people.Theyfed4,680daysofappusagedataintostatisticalmodels.Eachofthesedayswaspairedwithoneofthe780userssothatthemodelslearnedpeople’sdailyappusepatterns.Theresearchersthentestedwhethermodelscouldidentifyanindividualwhenprovidedwithonlyasingledayofsmartphoneactivitythatwasanonymous(匿名的).Themodels,whichweretrainedononlysixdaysofappusagedataperperson,couldidentifythecorrectpersonfromadayofanonymousdataonethirdofthetime.Thatmightnotsoundlikemuch,butwhenthemodelspredictwhothedatabelongedto,itcouldalsoprovidealistofthemosttotheleastlikelycandidates.Itwaspossibletoviewthetop10mostlikelyindividualsthataspecificdayofdatabelongedto.Around75%ofthetime,thecorrectuserwouldbeamongthetop10mostlikelycandidates.Inpracticalterms,alawenforcement(执法机构)investigationseekingtoidentifyacriminal’snewphonewiththesemodelscouldreduceacandidatepoolofapproximately1,000phonesto10phones,witha25%riskofmissingthem.Consequently,theresearcherswarnthatsoftwaregivenaccesstoasmartphone’sstandardactivityloggingcouldmakeareasonablepredictionaboutauser’sidentityevenwhentheywerelogged-outoftheiraccount.Anidentificationispossiblewithoutmonitoringconversationsorbehaviorswithinappsthemselves.Therefore,itisimportanttoacknowledgethatappusagedataalone,whichisoftencollectedbyasmartphone公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

8automatically,canpotentiallyrevealaperson’sidentity.Whileprovidingnewopportunitiesforlawenforcement,italsoposesriskstoprivacyifthistypeofdataismisused.12.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainaphenomenon.B.Toconfirmanassumption.C.Toshowaresearchprocess.D.Topresentaresearchfinding.13.Howdidtheresearchersreachtheirconclusion?A.Byrecordingappusetime.B.Bystudyingappusagedata.C.Bycomparingdifferentapps.D.Bychangingappusepatterns.14.Whatisthefunctionofthestatisticalmodels?A.Locatingcriminals.B.Trackingusageofapps.C.Identifyingphoneusers.D.Predictingtrendsofapps.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsappusagedata?A.Cautious.B.Favorable.C.Doubtful.D.Uninterested.【12~15题答案】【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.A【解析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了研究表明一个人使用智能手机应用程序留下的数据可以泄露个人身份。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Thetimeapersonspendsondifferentsmartphoneappsisenoughtoidentifythemfromalargergroupinmorethanoneinthreecases,sayresearchers.(研究人员表示，在超过三分之一的案例中，一个人在不同的智能手机应用程序上花费的时间足以从一个更大的群体中识别出他们。)”以及下文对这项研究的讲述可知，本文的目的是呈现一项研究发现。故选D。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段内容“Researchersanalyzedsmartphonedatafrom780people.Theyfed4,680daysofappusagedataintostatisticalmodels.Eachofthesedayswaspairedwithoneofthe780userssothatthemodelslearnedpeople’sdailyappusepatterns.(研究人员分析了780人的智能手机数据。他们将4680天的应用使用数据输入到统计模型中。每天与780名用户中的一名进行配对，以便于这些模型可以了解人们的日常应用使用模式。)”可推断，研究人员通过研究应用程序的使用数据来得出结论。故选B。【14题详解】公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

9细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Theresearchersthentestedwhethermodelscouldidentifyanindividualwhenprovidedwithonlyasingledayofsmartphoneactivitythatwasanonymous(匿名的).Themodels,whichweretrainedononlysixdaysofappusagedataperperson,couldidentifythecorrectpersonfromadayofanonymousdataonethirdofthetime.(研究人员随后测试，当只提供一天的匿名智能手机活动时，模型能否识别出个人。这些模型只接受了六天的应用程序使用数据训练，就可以在这个时间的三分之一的时间里从一天的匿名数据中识别出正确的人。)”可知，这些模型的功能是识别手机用户。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Therefore,itisimportanttoacknowledgethatappusagedataalone,whichisoftencollectedbyasmartphoneautomatically,canpotentiallyrevealaperson’sidentity.Whileprovidingnewopportunitiesforlawenforcement,italsoposesriskstoprivacyifthistypeofdataismisused.(因此，认识到仅仅是应用程序使用数据，这经常是智能手机自动收集的，就可能会泄露一个人的身份是重要的。在为执法提供新机会的同时，如果这类数据被滥用，也会给隐私带来风险。)”可推断，作者对待应用程序使用数据的态度是谨慎的。故选A。一、广东广州·二模（4月）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ALikehumans,animalsneedsleeptoo.Abigproblemforanimalsinthewildiskeepingtheirenemiesawaywhiletheysleep.Animalstakecareofthisproblemindifferentways.Anolislizardsliveinmanyareasincludingtropicalrainforests.Theyoftensleeponleavesattheendoflongbranches.Aleafmightseemlikeastrangebed,butitworkslikeanalarm.Ifahungrysnakewigglesabranch,thelizardwakesupandleapstosafety.Chimpanzeestaketheirsleepveryseriously.Eachday,achimpanzeebuildsitselfanew,comfortablebedtosleepin.Scientistsbelievechimpanzeescarefullychooseatreethatisstrong,wheretheybuildanestusingbranchesandleaves.Parrotfishliveamongcoralreefsinoceans.Everynight,parrotfishusuallysleepclosetotherockinshelteredplaces.Someparrotfishgoonestepfurtherbyquicklymakingaslimelayerthatcoverstheirwholebody.Thiscoveringactslikeasleepingbagthatprovidesabarrieragainstdanger.Bottle-noseddolphinsneedtosleep,buttheyhavetobeontheocean’ssurfacetobreathe.Theyalsoneedtowatchovertheiryoung.Whatdotheydo?Whilehalfofthedolphin’sbrainsleeps,theotherhalfstaysawake.Afterawhile,thesleepinghalfwakesupwhiletheotherhalfsnoozes.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

10Sootyternshavethemostamazingsleep.Theynestonislands.Whentheyarenotnesting,theyliveformanyyearsintheskyandonthesea’ssurface.Whenandwherecantheysleep?Scientistsbelievetheyareabletosleepwhiletheyareflying,stayingoutofthereachofenemies.1.Whatisthesharedconcernwhenwildanimalssleep?A.Quietness.B.Timelength.C.Comfort.D.Safety.2.Whichanimalsneedthemostpreparationbeforesleep?A.Anolislizards.B.Chimpanzees.C.Parrotfish.D.Sootyterns.3.Whatdoweknowaboutthesleepinghabitofbottle-noseddolphins?A.Theysleeponthejob.B.Theydon’tsleepatall.C.Theysleepdeepintheocean.D.Theysleeptheleastofallanimals.【1~3题答案】【答案】1.D2.B3.A【解析】本篇是一篇说明文。介绍了自然界一些动物用不同睡觉方式让敌人远离自己。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一自然段“Abigproblemforanimalsinthewildiskeepingtheirenemiesawaywhiletheysleep.”（对于野生动物来说，当它们睡觉的时候，一个大的问题就是远离它们的敌人。）可知，野生动物在睡觉的时候共享的一个问题是要注意敌人，也就是注意安全，故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三自然段“Chimpanzeestaketheirsleepveryseriously.Eachday,achimpanzeebuildsitselfanew,comfortablebedtosleepin.”（黑猩猩非常重视它们的睡觉。每天，黑猩猩都会为它自己建一个新的，舒服的床睡觉。）可知，黑猩猩认真对待自己的睡眠，每次睡觉都做一只新床，因此推断黑猩猩睡觉前需要最多的准备，故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二自然段“Bottle-noseddolphinsneedtosleep,buttheyhavetobeontheocean’ssurfacetobreathe.Theyalsoneedtowatchovertheiryoung.Whatdotheydo?Whilehalfofthedolphin’sbrainsleeps,theotherhalfstaysawake.Afterawhile,thesleepinghalfwakesupwhiletheotherhalfsnoozes.”（瓶鼻海豚需要睡觉，但它们必须待在海洋表面才能呼吸。他们还需要照顾自己的孩子。他们怎么做呢？当海豚的一半大脑睡觉的时候，另一半保持清醒。过一会儿，睡觉的这一半醒过来，然后另一半开始打盹。）可知，海豚的睡觉习惯是边睡觉边工作，故选A。公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

11BAndrewBastawrouswas12whenhefoundouthecouldbarelysee.Hewasthensociallyawkward,failingatschoolandterribleatballgames.Glassesturnedhislifearound,yetevenasachildhewasawareofhowluckyhewas.BastawrousgrewupintheUK,buthisfamilywouldvisitpoorpartsofEgypt,wherehisparentswerefrom.“Nobodythereworeglasses,butIknewsomepeopleneededthem,”hesays.“Itfeltincrediblyunfair.At16,IdecidedIwasn’tgoingtofeelguiltyaboutitanymore.”Hedeterminedthereandthentobecomeaneyesurgeon,andhedid.In2012,heandhiswifemovedwiththeirone-year-oldsontoasmalltown5hours’drivefromNairobi.Theyhadlimitedelectricityandrunningwater.For18months,everytimeBastawrousandhisteamsetuptheir“mobile”eyeclinicinyetanothernewlocation,theyhadtodragheavy,fragilehospitalequipmentcross-country.Therewasanotherproblem,asonelocaldoctordescribedit,“Wedon’tevenhaveenoughdoctorsandnowyoualsowanteyesurgeons?That’sprobablyapipedream.”AllthisconvincedBastawrousthatsomethingfundamentalwasneeded.Sohestartedexploringwaystoreplacehisclinicwithasingle,convenientdevice:asmartphone.Heco-developedanapp-basedvisualtestthatgathersasmuchinformationastheclassicone,usingsimilarprinciples.Thecriticaldifferenceisthatalmostanyonecancarryitoutafterjustafewminutesoftraining.Bastawrousco-foundedacharitablecompanytodevelopandapplythetechnologymorewidely.Histeamalsodevelopedtechnologiesthatenabledasmartphonecameratotakehospital-gradeimagesofthebackoftheeye.That’saprettygoodstart,butBastawroushashissightssetskyhigh.“Ifeelwe’reatatippingpointnowwherethisenormousproblemwillbecomeahistoricalthing.That’swhenI’llsleepeasy,”hesays.4.WhatdroveBastawroustobecomeaneyesurgeon?A.Hispersonalmisfortune.B.Hisburningsenseofinjustice.C.Hisambitiontoturnhislifearound.D.Hisguiltaboutleavinghishomecountry.5.WhatcanweinferaboutBastawrous’sfirst18monthsinAfrica?A.It’shardandproblematic.B.It’schallengingbutfruitful.C.It’sadventurousandunrealistic.D.It’sfundamentalbutinnovative.6.Bastawrous’sinnovationcanbedescribedas________.A.cheapandconvenienttreatmentsforpatients.B.avirtualandcompletechangefromaclassictest.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

12C.asmartandpopularisedapplicationoftechnology.D.fastandeffectivetrainingsofmedicalprofessionals.7.WhatdoBastawrous’swordsinthelastparagraphshow?A.Hismodestattitudetohispastachievements.B.Hisoptimisticviewsonthecureforblindness.C.Hisstrongbeliefintheeffectsoffuturetechnology.D.Hisfirmdeterminationtocarryonhischallengingcareer.【4~7题答案】【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了AndrewBastawrous为非洲近视人群的诊治所作出的努力。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段后几句““Nobodythereworeglasses,butIknewsomepeopleneededthem,”hesays.“Itfeltincrediblyunfair.At16,IdecidedIwasn’tgoingtofeelguiltyaboutitanymore.”Hedeterminedthereandthentobecomeaneyesurgeon,andhedid.(“那里没有人戴眼镜，但我知道有些人需要眼镜，”他说。“这感觉非常不公平。16岁时，我决定不再为此感到内疚。”他当即决心成为一名眼科医生，并且他做到了)”可知，作者认为需要戴眼镜的人却无法戴到眼镜，这是不公平的，这种不公正感使得作者产生成为眼科医生的决定。故选B。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段后几句“For18months,everytimeBastawrousandhisteamsetuptheir“mobile”eyeclinicinyetanothernewlocation,theyhadtodragheavy,fragilehospitalequipmentcross-country.Therewasanotherproblem,asonelocaldoctordescribedit,“Wedon’tevenhaveenoughdoctorsandnowyoualsowanteyesurgeons?That’sprobablyapipedream.”(18个月来，每次Bastawrous和他的团队在新地点建立他们的“移动”眼科诊所时，他们都不得不将笨重、易损的医院设备在全国拖来拖去。还有一个问题，正如一位当地医生所描述的，“我们甚至连足够的医生都没有，现在你还需要眼科医生？那可能是白日梦。”)”可知，在最初的18个月里，Bastawrous和他的团队面临着重重困难和问题。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“AllthisconvincedBastawrousthatsomethingfundamentalwasneeded.Sohestartedexploringwaystoreplacehisclinicwithasingle,convenientdevice:asmartphone.Heco-developedanapp-basedvisualtestthatgathersasmuchinformationastheclassicone,usingsimilarprinciples.Thecriticaldifferenceisthatalmostanyonecancarryitoutafterjustafewminutesoftraining.Bastawrousco-foundeda公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

13charitablecompanytodevelopandapplythetechnologymorewidely.Histeamalsodevelopedtechnologiesthatenabledasmartphonecameratotakehospital-gradeimagesofthebackoftheeye.(所有这些都让Bastawrous确信，需要一些基本的东西。因此，他开始探索用一款简单、方便的设备取代诊所的方法：智能手机。他参与共同开发了一个基于应用程序的视觉测试，使用与传统测试类似的原理收集同样多的信息。关键的区别在于，几乎任何人只要经过几分钟的训练就可以做到这一点。Bastawrous联合创立了一家慈善公司，以更广泛地开发和应用这项技术。他的团队还开发了一些技术，使智能手机摄像头能够拍摄医院级别的眼球后部图像)”可知，Bastawrous的创新设计是基于智能手机的技术，简单易操作性使得其更适用于大众化。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段Bastawrous所说的话“Ifeelwe’reatatippingpointnowwherethisenormousproblemwillbecomeahistoricalthing.That’swhenI’llsleepeasy(我觉得我们现在正处在一个转折点，这个巨大的难题将成为历史。那时候我会睡得很安稳)”结合本段第一句“That’saprettygoodstart,butBastawroushashissightssetskyhigh.(这是一个很好的开始，但Bastawrous的目标很高)”可知，Bastawrous树立了远大的目标，立志解决自己职业中具有挑战性的难题。故选D。CFeelingoverloadedbyyourto-dolistcancertainlymakeyouunhappy,butnewresearchsuggeststhatmorefreetimemightnotbetheelixirmanyofusdreamitcouldbe.Inanewstudyreleasedlastweek,researchersanalyzeddatafromtwolarge-scale(大规模)surveysabouthowAmericansspendtheirtime.Together,thesurveysincludedmorethan35,000respondents.Theresearchersfoundthatpeoplewithmorefreetimegenerallyhadhigherlevelsofsubjectivewell-being—butonlyuptoapoint.Peoplewhohadaroundtwohoursoffreetimeadaygenerallyreportedtheyfeltbetterthanthosewhohadlesstime.Butpeoplewhohadfiveormorehoursoffreetimeadaygenerallysaidtheyfeltworse.Soultimatelythefree-time“sweetspot”mightbetwotothreehoursperday,thefindingssuggest.Partoffindingthisseeminglytricky“sweetspot”hastodowithhowpeoplespendtheextratimetheyhave,theresearchersbehindthenewstudyargue.Theyconductedseveralsmalleronlineexperiments.Inonetheyaskedparticipantstoimaginehaving3.5to7freehoursperday.Theywereaskedtoimaginespendingthattimedoing“productive”things(likeexercising)ortoimaginedoing“unproductive”activities(likewatchingTV).Studyparticipantsbelievedtheirwell-beingwouldsufferiftheyhadalotoffreetimeduringtheday—butonlyiftheyuseditunproductively.Thoughthatexperimentwashypothetical,whichisonelimitationofthenewresearch,it’scertainlyinlinewithotherresearchshowingthatbeinginastateof“flow”canbegoodforpeople’smentalhealth.Ofcourse,whatfeels“productive”isuptoyou.Manytraditionallyproductiveorpurposefulactivitiescanbeeasyandfun.Engaginginabitoflow-keycardio,likewalkingandjogging,canhelpburnstress.Free-timeactivitieslikereadingorcookingarealsoknowntoputpeopleinastateofflow.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“elixir”inparagraph1referto?公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

14A.Magicsolution.B.Physicalpower.C.Psychologicaltest.D.Relaxedatmosphere.9.Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthenewstudy?A.Bydoinglarge-scaleonlinesurveys.B.Bygivinginterviewsandmentaltests.C.Bycomparingrespondents’backgrounds.D.Byconductingexperimentsandanalyzingdata.10.Whatisadistinctfindingofthenewresearch?A.Doingunproductivethingsleadstounhappiness.B.Beinginastateofflowbenefitspeople’smentalhealth.C.Man’swell-beingispositivelyrelatedtothefreetimetheyhave.D.Howpeoplespendtheirfreetimeaffectstheirsenseofwell-being.11.Whatisthefocusofthelastparagraph?A.Theimportanceofburningstress.B.Easyandfunactivitiestokilltime.C.Furtherexplanationofbeingproductive.D.Thebenefitsofengaginginfree-timeactivities.【8~11题答案】【答案】8.A9.D10.D11.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一项实验研究，得出结论：人的幸福感跟空闲时间的长短无关，而跟空闲时间的使用率相关。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Feelingoverloadedbyyourto-dolistcancertainlymakeyouunhappy,butnewresearchsuggeststhatmorefreetimemightnotbetheelixirmanyofusdreamitcouldbe.(被待办事项清单压得喘不过气来肯定会让你不开心，但新的研究表明，更多的空闲时间可能不是我们许多人梦想的灵丹妙药)”中的but转折可知，面对待办事项时，我们最需要的可能是时间，但是研究表明，事实并非如我们想象的这般，太多的空闲时间反而不是解决待办事项的最好方法。由此可推知，划线词“elixir”与“Magicsolution”表达意义相同，指“万能的（解决方法）”。故选A。公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

15【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Inanewstudyreleasedlastweek,researchersanalyzeddatafromtwolarge-scale(大规模)surveysabouthowAmericansspendtheirtime.(在上周发布的一项新研究中，研究人员分析了两项关于美国人如何打发时间的大规模调查的数据)”及第三段第二句“Theyconductedseveralsmalleronlineexperiments.(他们进行了几项规模较小的在线实验)”可知，研究者是通过实验和数据分析的形式进行研究的。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第五句“Studyparticipantsbelievedtheirwell-beingwouldsufferiftheyhadalotoffreetimeduringtheday—butonlyiftheyuseditunproductively.(研究参与者相信，如果他们白天有很多空闲时间，但是没有有效利用时，他们的幸福感会变差)”可知，人们如何度过空闲时间会影响到幸福感。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段第二句“Manytraditionallyproductiveorpurposefulactivitiescanbeeasyandfun.(许多传统上富有成效或有意义的活动都是轻松有趣的)”及后面列举的一些活动可知，本段主要是关于介绍一些轻松有趣的，用于消磨时间的活动的。故选B。DEvenwhencommuningwithnaturewedependontechnologyforhelp—butthen,sodidThoreau(梭罗)atWaldenPond(瓦尔登湖).Walkinginthesamewoodsyesterday,Iletmyselfwanderatrandom,communingwithnature.Itookinbeautifulscenerynearandfarthankstomyprogressive-lenseyeglasses.OccasionallyI’dpulloutmysmartphonetotakepicturesonanythinginteresting.Irecordedaninnermonologuewithabackgroundofallsoundsoftheforest.Attimes,Iconsultedmysmartwatchtocheckonmyheartbeat,mileageandcalorieburn.EventuallyIrealizedIwasquitelost.Notaproblemofcourse.Onlinemapscametomyrescue.Butsomethingbotheredme.InwhatI’dintendedasanatureexperience,hereIwasusingveryhightechnologytohelpmyselfout.Thisinsighttriggeredareconsiderationofeverythingthathappenedduringmy“naturewalk,”whichhadbeentechnologicallyenhancedeverystepoftheway.I’dbeenfunctioningasaman-machinecombination:acyborg.WhatwouldthetruenaturalistThoreauthinkofthat?Myfirstthoughtwasthathe’dbeshocked.ButlaterIdidsomeresearch.Thoreauenjoyedwhathisspyglassdiscovered,likethiseaglefromhisjournal:Lyingonthegroundwithmyglass,Icouldwatchhimveryeasily…tillIalmostlosthimintheclouds…IthinkIhavegottheworthofmyglassnowthatithasrevealedtomethewhite-headedeagle.Famously,Thoreaualwayssetoutequippedwithawalkingstick,whichheusednotonlyforsupportbutalsoto公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

16takemeasurementsofwaterandsnowlevels.Hishatwasalsoatool,whichhecalledhis“botany-box.”Andhewaspreparedevenwithneedlesandthread,sowhencomingoutofthewoods,hewas“thebestdressed.”Clearly,Thoreauwasabitofacyborghimself.Thinkingmoredeeply,Irealizedwe’vecomealongwayfromourhunter-gathererancestors,whowalkedfromnecessityandreliedonnature’sgift.Cyborgsareus.12.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.TorecommendThoreau’sbookWaldenPond.B.Toarguethathumanshavedevelopedintocyborgs.C.Tosharethereflectionsonman’srelianceonnature.D.Toquestionwhetherpeoplearetechnology-dependent.13.Whichpicturebestillustratesacyborgintheauthor’seye?A.B.C.D.14.WhydoestheauthorquoteThoreau’sjournal?A.Tointroducealiteraryworkonnature.B.Toexplainhowtoprepareforanaturewalk.C.Toprovethatevennaturalistsusetechnology.D.TodescribethenaturalbeautyThoreauenjoyed.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsbeingacyborg?A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.【12~15题答案】公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

17【答案】12.B13.C14.C15.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过分析我们人类对技术的依赖，并引用自然学家梭罗的事例，说明了我们人类已进化成半机械人。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Evenwhencommuningwithnaturewedependontechnologyforhelp—butthen,sodidThoreau(梭罗)atWaldenPond(瓦尔登湖).(即使在与自然交流时，我们也依赖技术来帮助——但是，沃尔登湖的梭罗也是如此)”可知，我们都是依赖技术的，自然学家梭罗也是如此；再根据文章最后一段“Thinkingmoredeeply,Irealizedwe’vecomealongwayfromourhunter-gathererancestors,whowalkedfromnecessityandreliedonnature’sgift.Cyborgsareus.(更深入地思考，我意识到我们已经从狩猎采集的祖先那里走了很长一段路，他们从需要出发，依靠大自然的恩赐。半机械人就是我们)”可推知，本文的目的是为了说明人类已经进化为半机械人。故选B项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Thisinsighttriggeredareconsiderationofeverythingthathappenedduringmy“naturewalk”，whichhadbeentechnologicallyenhancedeverystepoftheway.I’dbeenfunctioningasaman-machinecombination:acyborg.(这一见解引发了我对“自然漫步”中发生的一切的重新思考，“自然漫步”的每一步都得到了技术的强化。我一直扮演着人机结合的角色:一个半机械人)”可知，作者眼中的半机械人应该是人机结合，选项C的图片中即有人又有机器，符合题意。故选C项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段“ButlaterIdidsomeresearch.Thoreauenjoyedwhathisspyglassdiscovered,likethiseaglefromhisjournal(但后来我做了一些研究。梭罗喜欢望远镜的发现，就像日记里的这只鹰)”和第六段“IthinkIhavegottheworthofmyglassnowthatithasrevealedtomethewhite-headedeagle.(我想我已经得到了我的望远镜的价值，因为它让我看到了白头鹰)”可知，自然学家梭罗是肯定了望远镜的作用，所以作者引用梭罗的日记是为了证明即使是自然学家也会使用科技。故选C项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Thinkingmoredeeply,Irealizedwe’vecomealongwayfromourhunter-gathererancestors,whowalkedfromnecessityandreliedonnature’sgift.Cyborgsareus.(更深入地思考，我意识到我们已经从狩猎采集的祖先那里走了很长一段路，他们从需要出发，依靠大自然的恩赐。半机械人就是我们)”可知，作者对半机械化人的态度是赞成的。故选A项。一、广东茂名·二模（4月）公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

18第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAlldogscanbenefitfromtrainingthroughouttheirlives.Butwheretobegintheprocess?Thus,wehaveconsultedsomeexpertsonwheretostart.Here’swhattheysay.IdentifyyourtraininggoalsTherearetwolevelsofdogtraining.Ifyou’reinterestedinskilltraining,orbasicmanners,suchasteachingyourdogtosit,stayandliedown,that’sthefieldofadogtrainer.Ifyourdoghasabehaviorproblem—anxiety,aggressiveness,fearfulness—thenwhatyouneedisadogbehavioralconsultant.BerealisticYourdogmaybarkatyourguests,whichmightbeakindofdogthathasbeenselectedforhundredsofyearstodefendagainstpeoplewalkinginyourfrontdoor.Sinceyoucan’tchangeaGermanshepherd’sgeneticimpulse(基因冲动)todefenditsterritory,youmayneedtochangeyourexpectations,instead.Decidehowyou’dliketotrainyourdogWhenitcomestotrainingmethods,youhaveafewoptions.Groupclassesarecheaperbutlesspersonalized,whileboardandtrainingfacilitiesaremoreexpensiveandriskier.Yourchoicewilldependonyourbudgetandyourtraininggoals.Ifyoudon’twanttopayalotofmoneyfordogtraining,youcanchoosefreeorlow-costresourcesyoucanfindonline.UnderstandthemethodsGenerallyspeaking,manytrainersfallintotwobroadcategories:Thefirstispositivereinforcement(强化)trainers,whichmeansgivingyourdogsomethinggoodtotrain.Thesecondisbalancedtrainerswhoarewillingtomakeincorporatecorrections,whichmeansusingpositivereinforcementmethods.Clickheretogetmoreinformationtotrainyourdogs.1.Whoshouldyouaskifyourdogsareaggressive?A.Adogbehavioraltrainer.B.Adogbehavioralconsultant.C.Areinforcementtrainer.D.Abalancedtrainer.2.What’sthebenefitifyourdogattendsthegroupclasses?A.Itcansocializebetter.B.Itcanlearnmoreskills.C.Youcansavemoney.D.Youcanbuildstrongerbondswithit.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

193.Wheredoesthetextmostlikelyappear?A.Onawebsite.B.Inastorybook.C.Inapetbrochure.D.Inabiologicalstudy.【1~3题答案】【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】本文是应用文。文章总结列举了几点专家关于狗狗训练该从何开始的建议。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Identifyyourtraininggoals部分中最后一句“Ifyourdoghasabehaviorproblem—anxiety,aggressiveness,fearfulness—thenwhatyouneedisadogbehavioralconsultant.(如果你的狗有焦虑、攻击性和恐惧的行为问题，那么你需要去咨询狗狗行为顾问)”可知，如果你的狗狗很好斗，有攻击性，你应该去咨询狗狗行为顾问。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Decidehowyou’dliketotrainyourdog部分中的第二句“Groupclassesarecheaperbutlesspersonalized,whileboardandtrainingfacilitiesaremoreexpensiveandriskier.(团体课程更便宜，但不那么个性化，而寄宿和使用培训设施更昂贵，风险更大)”可知，让狗狗参加团体课程可以省钱。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文中最后一句话“Clickheretogetmoreinformationtotrainyourdogs(点击这里获得更多关于训练狗狗的信息)”可知，本文应是出自一个网站。故选A。BManyhavehadthesamethoughtasShannonSt.Ongewhenlookingattheapproachofsnowonaweatherforecast—thattheyhavetimetofinishtheirjobs.AsthedirectoroffinanceattheFirstNationsUniversityofCanada,shehadtodrive25kilometersfromherhometothecityofReginatoattendanimportantmeeting.Asshewasleaving,thewintersnowbegantofall.Takingadirtroadforbettertraction(牵引)onhertires,shequicklybecamelost,withnoabilitytoseetheedgeoftheroadfromarolled-downwindow.Afterawhileshestoppedandcalled911.“TheoperatortookmyinformationandtoldmetowaitoutthestormasmytankwasfullandIwaswarm.Iwaitedalmost14hoursandnobodyhascalledmeyettocheckin,”shewroteinaFace-bookpost.“Wouldthegastanklastuntilmorning?WhatifIwashitbyanothervehicle?WhatifIdidn’tmakeithomeatall?”St.Ongewondered.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

20Determinedtoensurethesafestend,shewentoutinthestormanddiscoveredherlocationonaroadsign,andthenfoundaneighborhoodFacebookgroupfortheareashewaspassingthrough—warningothersofherplightthroughaGoogleMapspin.Thatwaswhen80-year-oldAndreBouvierSr.,aretiredrescuer,gotacallaboutSt.Onge’ssituation.Hewentouttofindher,onfoot,sincehecouldn’tmanagetostarthistractor.Onthewayhefoundthreeotherstranded(被困)vehicles.Hewalkedthequartermilethereandback,andledthehelplesscarsonebyonetohishome.Bouvierletthesurvivorssleepathishouse,wheretheyateandlaughed,anddepartedthenextmorningafterhehadcleanedthedriveway.4.WhydidSt.Ongetakeadirtroad?A.Shewasfamiliarwithit.B.Shecouldrefuelontheroad.C.Shetookthedirtroadtosavetime.D.Shethoughtdirtroadcouldincreasetraction.5.WhatdidtheoperatoradviseSt.Ongetodo?A.Waitoutthestorm.B.Findawarmplace.C.AskBouvierforhelp.D.WriteherconditioninaFacebookpost.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plight”inParagraph5mean?A.Wrongturn.B.Poorsenseofdirection.C.Difficultsituation.D.Badweather.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeBouvier?A.Patientandgifted.B.Braveandselfless.C.Proudanddetermined.D.Adventurousandambitious.【4~7题答案】【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.B【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一名80岁的老人徒步穿过暴风雪营救人的感人故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Takingadirtroadforbettertraction(牵引)onhertires,shequicklybecamelost,withnoabilitytoseetheedgeoftheroadfromarolled-downwindow.(为了提高轮胎的牵引力，她走上了一条土路，很快就迷路了，摇下的车窗外看不到路的边缘)”可知，St.Onge选择土路是为了增加车子的牵引力。故选D。公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

21【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“TheoperatortookmyinformationandtoldmetowaitoutthestormasmytankwasfullandIwaswarm.(接线员记下了我的信息，告诉我等待暴风雪过去，因为我的油箱还满着，我也还很暖和)”可知，接线员建议St.Onge等待暴风雪过去。故选A。6题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句“Afterawhileshestoppedandcalled911.(过了一会儿，她停下来打了911)”及第四段St.Onge的担心“Wouldthegastanklastuntilmorning?WhatifIwashitbyanothervehicle?WhatifIdidn'tmakeithomeatall?(油箱能撑到早上吗？如果我被另一辆车撞了怎么办？如果我根本回不了家呢？)”可知，她遇到了麻烦，被困在了路上，由此可推知，划线词plight的含义是“困境”。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Thatwaswhen80-year-oldAndreBouvierSr.,aretiredrescuer,gotacallaboutSt.Onge’ssituation.Hewentouttofindher,onfoot,sincehecouldn’tmanagetostarthistractor.(就在那时，80岁的退休救援人员AndreBouvierSr.接到了St.Onge救援情况的电话。他步行出去找她，因为他无法启动拖拉机)”可知，80岁的AndreBouvierSr.接到电话还毅然去救援，说明他是勇敢的；根据最后一段最后一句“Bouvierletthesurvivorssleepathishouse,wheretheyateandlaughed,anddepartedthenextmorningafterhehadcleanedthedriveway.(Bouvier让幸存者们睡在他的房子里，他们在那里吃喝谈笑，第二天早上Bouvier打扫了车道后他们就离开了)”可知，他是无私的。故选B。CIfhavingtomakeachoicebetweenreadingane-bookandaprintedbook,whichwouldmostpeoplechoose?Somewouldgoforane-bookwhilesomestillpreferthehard-printedbook.Undoubtedly,e-booksdohavebenefits.Firstly,changestoanelectronicpublicationarerelativelyeasytomake.Theyarequickertoobtain.E-booksaremoreeasilyupdated.Theprintedbooksonmanysubjectscanbecomeoutdatedveryquickly.Secondly,e-bookscanbeeasilyandquicklykeptuptodate.Youusuallygetfarmorethanjustthee-books.Moste-booksaresoldwithbonusesandrelatedinformationthatusuallydonotcomewiththepurchaseofaprintedbook.Moreover,theytakeuplessspace.Insteadofabiglibrary,youcanfitliterallythousandsofbooksonyourcomputer.Italsomakesiteasiertosharethisinformationwithfamiliesandfriends.Fornearlytwentyyears,additionally,futuristshavebeenpredictingthedevelopmentofprintedbooks.Theconventionalviewhasbeenthatdigitale-booksareonthevergeofreplacingpaperbooks.However,thishasnotbeenthecase.Aprintedbookhasitsadvantagestoo.Firstly,itisanobjectthatcanbecarriedandusedalone.Itneedsnoelectricoutlet(插座),nobatteries,nothing.Secondly,e-bookswillalwaysrequiresomeformsofsupportthattheprintedbookdoesnotneed.Ibelievethattheonlinepublishinghasnottakenoffbecausepeoplewantrealbooks.Whatisbeingpublished公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

22onlinemoreandmorearepamphlets(小册子)andthingsthatreallydonotneedtobeinprint.Thesearestuffthatpeoplethrowawayafterward.Moreoften,peopledonotwanttoreadabookonthecomputer.Whatcouldbebetterthanapaperbook?Itlastsalongtime.Thesebooksaredesignedtolastalongtimewithoutdisappearing.Tosumup,thereisnodenyingthattheprintedbookisstillverymuchpreferredoveritsdigitalcousins.Readingelectronicpublicationsisjustnotthesamewhenitcomestobooks.Peoplearestillveryinterestedinrealbooksandnotebooks.8.Whatcanweknowaboutane-book?A.Itwillneverbeoutofdate.B.Italwaysgivesyouanaddedbonus.C.Itcandeliverinformationquickly.D.Ithastakentheplaceofprintedbooks.9.Whichstatementwouldfuturistsprobablyagreewith?A.Printedbookswilldisappear.B.Printedbookscanbeusedalone.C.E-bookshavemanyrestrictions.D.E-bookshavenodrawbacks.10.Whatisonecauseofthefailedonlinepublishing?A.Thelowdemandforbookindustry.B.Theexpectationsfrompeople.C.Theguidanceofpolicy.D.Thedesirefortheprintedbooks.11.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthefutureoftheprintedbook?A.Hopeless.B.Unpredictable.C.Costly.D.Promising.【8~11题答案】【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.D【解析】本文是议论文。文章讨论了电子书和印刷书籍各自的优缺点，并对其未来做出预测。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Theyarequickertoobtain(它们更容易被获取)”和“Secondly,e-bookscanbeeasilyandquicklykeptuptodate.(其次，电子书可以轻松快速地更新)”及“Italsomakesiteasiertosharethisinformationwithfamiliesandfriends.(这也使得与家人和朋友分享这些信息变得更容易)”可知，电子书更新快，获取方便，易于分享。由此推知，电子书可以快速地传递信息。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段前两句“Fornearlytwentyyears,additionally,futuristshavebeenpredictingthedevelopmentofprintedbooks.Theconventionalviewhasbeenthatdigitale-booksareonthevergeofreplacing公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

23paperbooks.(此外，近二十年来，未来学家一直在预测印刷书籍的发展。普遍观点认为，数字电子书即将取代纸质书)”可知，未来学家认为未来电子书将取代印刷书籍。由此推知，未来学家可能会同意印刷书籍即将消失这个观点。故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Ibelievethattheonlinepublishinghasnottakenoffbecausepeoplewantrealbooks.(我认为在线出版并没有成功是因为人们想要真正的书)”可知，在线出版没有成功的原因是人们对印刷书籍的需求。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Tosumup,thereisnodenyingthattheprintedbookisstillverymuchpreferredoveritsdigitalcousins.(综上所述，不可否认的是，印刷书籍仍然比数字书籍更受欢迎)”及最后一句“Peoplearestillveryinterestedinrealbooksandnotebooks.(人们仍然对真正的书籍和笔记本非常感兴趣)”可以看出，作者认为印刷书籍的未来是有希望的。故选D。DUsingthepowerofartificialintelligence(AI),scientistshaverevealednewinsightsintothecreationanddestructionofmassextinction.Contrarytoconventionalknowledge,theirstudysuggeststhatlargerextinctionsarenotalwaysaformof“creativedestruction”thatallowsneworganisms(生物体)toradiateandevolve.Instead,itsuggeststhatmassextinctionisrarelyassociatedwithnewspeciesofradiation.Dr.HoyalCuthill,theleadstudyauthorfromtheUniversityofEssexintheUKandtheTokyoInstituteofTechnology,saidinastatement,“Someofthemostchallengingthingstounderstandthehistoryoflifearethevasttimelinesinvolvedandthenumberofspecies.Newmachinelearningapplicationscanhelpusunderstandthisinformationinhuman-readableform.Thismeansthatwecan,sotospeak,holdtheevolutionofhalfabillionyearsinthepalmofourhandandgainnewinsightsfromwhatwesee.”Theyconcludedthatmassextinctionandlaterradiationwerenotconnectedaspreviouslythought.Within5percentofthemostsignificantperiodsofdisruption(中断),AIdetected“bigfive”massextinctions,sevenmoremassextinctions,twomassextinction-radiationevents,and15massradiations.Mostimportantly,itdiscoversthatmassiveradiationandextinctionrarelyoccurredwitheachother,changingtheviewthatgreaterextinctionleadstoakindofdeepcycle-likespeciesradiationofnature.Itappearsthatlargerextinctionsarecertainlynottheengineofevolutionaryradiation.TaketheCambrianeruptionforexampleanditwasabout41millionyearsagowhenalargegroupofanimalsfirstappearedontherecordofthefirstfossilrecordandthedawnofahighmobileanimalequippedwithmodernphysicalfeatures.Thisnewstudyfoundthatahandfulofothernotableexplosionsofbiodiversity,includingtheCambrianeruption,usuallyoccurredatatimewhentheywerelargelyisolated(隔离)fromextinction.Dr.NicholasGuttenberg,astudyco-authorfromtheTokyoInstituteofTechnologyexplained,“Ecosystemsaredynamicandyou公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

24don'tneedanythingtoexisttoallowsomethingnewtoappear.”12.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphserveas?A.Anexplanationofartificialintelligence.B.Abackgroundofresearchers’study.C.Thereasonsforcreativedestruction.D.Theresultofresearchers’newstudy.13.WhatcanweinferfromDr.HoyalCuthill’swords?A.AIcontributesalottothestudyofevolution.B.Understandingthehistoryoflifeisverydifficult.C.NewAImachineslearnapplicationsbetter.D.Theresultofresearchers’newstudy.14.Whatistheresearchers’discovery?A.Massextinctionisunlikelytocauseevolutionaryradiation.B.Thefirstanimalwithmodernfeaturesoccurredduringeruption.C.Thevolcaniceruptionledtoamassextinctionandradiation.D.Theideaofdeepcycle-likespeciesradiationhasturnedouttrue.15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Newprocessesofbiologicalevolution.B.Newviewofradiationfromnaturalspecies.C.Newunderstandingofmassextinction.D.Newoutbreaksofbiologicalpopulations.【12~15题答案】【答案】12.D13.A14.A15.C【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了利用人工智能对大规模物种灭绝进行的研究情况及产生的新见解。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段后两句“Contrarytoconventionalknowledge,theirstudysuggeststhatlargerextinctionsarenotalwaysaformof“creativedestruction”thatallowsneworganisms(生物体)toradiateandevolve.Instead,itsuggeststhatmassextinctionisrarelyassociatedwithnewspeciesof公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

25radiation.(与传统知识相反，他们的研究表明，更大规模的灭绝并不总是一种使得新生物辐射和进化的“创造性破坏”。相反，它表明，大灭绝很少与新的辐射物种有关)”可知，本段主要讲了这项研究的发现（结果）。故选D。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段后两句“Newmachinelearningapplicationscanhelpusunderstandthisinformationinhuman-readableform.Thismeansthatwecan,sotospeak,holdtheevolutionofhalfabillionyearsinthepalmofourhandandgainnewinsightsfromwhatwesee.(新的机器学习应用程序可以帮助我们以人类可读的形式理解这些信息。这意味着，可以说，我们可以将5亿年的进化掌握在手中，并从我们所看到的东西中获得新的见解)”可知，科学家可以借助“Newmachinelearningapplications”即AI人工智能来掌握5亿年的进化情况，由此可推知，人工智能技术对进化的研究贡献很大。故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Instead,itsuggeststhatmassextinctionisrarelyassociatedwithnewspeciesofradiation.(相反，它表明，大灭绝很少与新的辐射物种有关)”和倒数第二段中的“Itappearsthatlargerextinctionsarecertainlynottheengineofevolutionaryradiation.(看来，大规模的物种灭绝肯定不是进化辐射的导火索)”可知，大规模灭绝不可能引起进化辐射。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“Usingthepowerofartificialintelligence(AI),scientistshaverevealednewinsightsintothecreationanddestructionofmassextinction.(利用人工智能的力量，科学家们对大规模灭绝的产生和破坏有了新的见解)”及后文的讲述可知，文章主要介绍了利用人工智能对大规模物种灭绝进行的研究情况及产生的新认识，C项“对大灭绝的新认识”符合文意。故选C。一、广东梅州·二模（4月）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AEverydiligentparentisconstantlylookingforthebestsummeractivitiesfortheirkids.Whetherit’salocaltenniscamp,sportsleagues,orartsandcraftsevents,thereisnoshortageofsummeractivitiesandkidentertainmentthatyoucanfilleachsummerdaywith.Scrolldownbelowtoseethebestsummerideasforyourkids.OutdoorWordGameAllyouneedtodoissettingupmanyhugelettersthatcanbeeasilymoved.Theseletterswillhelpkidsspelloutcertainwords.Teenagerswouldalsolovesomethinglikethisasitgivesthemtheopportunitytospendtheirtimein公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

26learningnewwords.FlyingaKitePickaclearareatorunandflyakiteofyourchoice.Flyingakiteteachesyourkidspatienceandcoordination.Aplusisthattheyareprettytowatchhighinthesky,withabrightsun,duringafunsummerday!MilkCartonBoatsMakingTakeanoldmilkcartonandshapeitinthefashionofaboat.Youcanevenpaintitandstickatoothpickinitwithatapedflag!Testitoutbyputtingitinwaterinthesinkorbath.Doesitfloat?Ifnot,yourkidscanbrainstormonhowtofixitandtryfixingit.SprayPaintingTobringoutthecreativityinaperson,anactivitycenteredonspraypaintingistheperfectwaytogetthosecreativejuicesflowing.AllyouneedtodoisprovidingplainwhiteT-shirtandsomecansofcoloredspraypaint.Itwillbequitesurprisingtoseesomeoftheoriginalideasthatwillflowfromindividuals.1.Whichgameisofbenefittochildreninlearningnewwords?A.OutdoorWordGame.B.SprayPainting.C.MilkCartonBoatsMaking.D.FlyingaKite.2.WhichisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Patiencedoesnothelpwhenyoutrytoflyakite.B.YouhavetosprayorangejuiceonyourT-shirtinSprayPainting.C.YoulearntosingnewsongswithhugelettersinOutdoorWordGame.D.MilkCartonBoatsMakingdevelopskids’hands-onabilityandthinkingability.3.Whoisthetextprobablyintendedfor?A.Teachers.B.Children.C.Parents.D.Teenagers.【1~3题答案】【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】这是一篇应用文。主要向父母介绍了四个适合孩子参加的夏季活动。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Teenagerswouldalsolovesomethinglikethisasitgivesthemtheopportunitytospendtheirtimeinlearningnewwords.(公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

27青少年也会喜欢这样的东西，因为这让他们有机会把时间花在学习新单词上)”及其标题“OutdoorWordGame”可知，这个活动有助于孩子学习新单词。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Takeanoldmilkcartonandshapeitinthefashionofaboat.Youcanevenpaintitandstickatoothpickinitwithatapedflag!Testitoutbyputtingitinwaterinthesinkorbath.Doesitfloat?Ifnot,yourkidscanbrainstormonhowtofixitandtryfixingit.(拿一个旧牛奶盒，把它做成一艘船的样子。你甚至可以给它涂上颜色，然后在里面插上一根牙签，再贴上一面旗子。把它放在水槽或浴缸的水中进行测试。它能浮起来吗？如果没有，你的孩子可以集思广益，想办法把它修好)”可知，在“MilkCartonBoatsMaking”活动中，做船、涂颜色、插旗子锻炼了动手能力；测试船能否浮起来、修理它锻炼了思考能力，D项“MilkCartonBoatsMaking可以培养孩子的动手能力和思考能力”正确。故选D项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Everydiligentparentisconstantlylookingforthebestsummeractivitiesfortheirkids.Whetherit'salocaltenniscamp,sportsleagues,orartsandcraftsevents,thereisnoshortageofsummeractivitiesandkidentertainmentthatyoucanfilleachsummerdaywith.Scrolldownbelowtoseethebestsummerideasforyourkids.(每个勤劳的父母都在不断为孩子寻找最好的夏季活动。无论是当地的网球训练营，体育联盟，还是艺术和手工艺活动，都不乏夏季活动和儿童娱乐活动，你可以用这些活动来充实每个夏日。向下翻页，为你的孩子寻找最好的夏季活动)”可知，本篇文章是在向家长介绍夏日活动。故选C项。BLaurieHoramneverthoughtofhimselfasmusical.Athome,hisdadneverlistenedtomusic,whileoneofhisboardingschoolteacherslabelledhimtonedeaf.Butlastmonthhestartedtobusk.Andwhileheaccompaniesonharmonica(口琴)hisguitar-playingfriendAlanEaton,peopleclap,danceandthrowcoinsintoAlan’sguitarcaseforthelocalfoodbank.Horamcaughthimselfthinking:“How,attheageof80,doIcometobeplayingmusictopeopleonthestreetsofBrad-ford?”Thequestionpreoccupiedhim,because,someyearsagoatafamilygathering,Gavin,oneofhischildren,said,“Youknowwhat,Dad?Itcan’tbecoincidental.Wemusthavegotournaturalabilitiesandinterestfromyou.”Hehasthreesons,twodaughtersandastepsonfromtwomarriages;betweenthem,theycoverarangeofinstrumentsandgenresfromtechnotorock.Horamwasfloored.“Therecan’tbemusicinme,becauseIcan’tplay!”,hesaid.Eightyearsago,Horam,aretiredcivilservant,wasdrivingbackfromatriptotheYorkshirecoastwithhiseldestson,Gavin,whowasvisitingfromCanada.Cavinwantedtostopatamusicshop.Hewalkedoutandsaid,“Hereyouare.Iboughtthisforyou,Dad.It’saharmonica.I’lltrytoshowyouhowtoplayabit.”Theywenttoalocalpub.GavinplayedguitarandLauriesatinthecornerwithhisharmonica,tryingtomakeasoundthatnoonewouldhear.Aftersixmonths,hewasinvitedintothegroup.Unabletoreadmusic,hediscoveredatalentforimprovisation(即兴表演),respondingtoanotewithinamillisecondwithoutbattinganeyelid.“Idon’tplaybyear.Iplaybyheart.”Actually,Horamsays,“Myharmonicaplaysme-howIfeel,whatIam,whatI’ve公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

28been.”MusichasenrichedlifewithfriendshipandmadeHoramfeel“partofsomethingmuchbigger”thanhimself.“Atatimewhenthescopeoflifemightbeshrinking,mineisexpanding,”hesays.“Maybeweneverknowcompletelywhoweareorwhatwecando.”4.WhydidHoramplaytheharmonicaonthestreetsofBradford?A.Tocollectmoneyforcharity.B.Torecallthegoodolddays.C.Tolivehischildhooddream.D.Tobegfoodfrompassers-by.5.What’sthecommonfeatureofHoram’schildren?A.Theyarealldivorced.B.Theyarealltonedeaf.C.Theyareallmusical.D.Theyareallguitarplayers.6.WhatisGavin’sattitudetohisfather’smusicalability?A.Unclear.B.Positive.C.Doubtful.D.Disapproving.7.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.MusicfailstohelpHoramexpresshimself.B.MusichelpsHoramleadacomfortablelife.C.MusichelpsHoramsharpenhisownhearing.D.MusicbringsHoramabroadercircleoflife.【4~7题答案】【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.D【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了80岁的Horam，在家人的帮助下发掘出了自己的音乐天赋和兴趣。这既丰富了他的晚年生活，又使他的生命得到了延伸。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Andwhileheaccompaniesonharmonica(口琴)hisguitar-playingfriendAlanEaton,peopleclap,danceandthrowcoinsintoAlan’sguitarcaseforthelocalfoodbank.(当他用口琴为他的吉他演奏朋友AlanEaton伴奏时，人们鼓掌、跳舞，并把硬币扔进Alan的吉他箱，为当地的食品银行捐款。)”可知，Horam在Bradford大街上吹口琴，是为了募集钱。故选A。【5题详解】公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

29细节理解题。根据第三段“Hehasthreesons,twodaughtersandastepsonfromtwomarriages;betweenthem,theycoverarangeofinstrumentsandgenresfromtechnotorock.(他在两次婚姻中，有三个儿子，两个女儿和一个继子；他们擅长从电子音乐到摇滚的一系列乐器和流派。)”可知，Horam的孩子们个个都是音乐人。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Youknowwhat,Dad?Itcan’tbecoincidental.Wemusthavegotournaturalabilitiesandinterestfromyou.”可知，Gavin认为他们的音乐天赋和兴趣是来源于父亲，所以可以推断出，Gavin对他父亲的音乐能力的态度是肯定的。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段主要介绍了Horam在当地酒吧里表演，以及最后一段Atatimewhenthescopeoflifemightbeshrinking,mineisexpanding。(在生命的范围可能正在缩小的时候，我的生命范围正在扩大。)可以推断出，音乐给Horam带来了一个更广阔的生活圈子。故选D。CNowyoucanhavepolarbearsaspenfriends.Firstyouneedtofindone,thentranquilizeitandquicklygiveitthenecessarytoolsbeforeitwakesup.It’sanawkwardfirstencounter—howmanyfriendshipsdoyouknowthatstartwithtranquilizers?—andadmittedlyaone-sidedcorrespondence,butsoonthey’llbesendingmessagesdaily.Everymorning,JonAars,aseniorresearcherattheNowegianPolarInstitute,receivesabunchofemailsfromseveralfemalepolarbears,lettinghimknowwheretheyare.Eachyear,Aarsandhiscolleaguesfitaround70polarbearswithatrackingcollarwhichcontinuouslylogsmovement.Onceadaythecollarmakesasatellitecall,sendingthelast24hoursofdatabacktotheInstitute.“Dataaboutmovementhasbeenveryimportanttounderstandhowtheymightrespondtoclimatechange,”Aarsexplains.Awarmingclimatemeansavastamountofseaiceismelting.Severalsealspecies—polarbears’mainfood—relyonseaice,andmoreoftenthannot,whereseaicecanbefound,sotoocanpolarbears.Butthesecreaturesarebeingforcedtomove.“Wehaveseenthatbearsareindifferentareasthantheyusedtobe-somuchfurthernorth,”Aarsexplains.Thecollarcanalsorecordbodytemperature,whichcantellscientistsifabearhasmovedinsideahabitat-anindicationtheanimalisgoingtogivebirth.Seaicelossisalsohavinganimpactonwherepolarbearsareborn.“Importantareasthattheyusedtogotogivebirthtocubsaremoreorlesslost,”saysAars.“Bearsarenowswimmingasfaras200kilometerstoreachanislandhabitat,”headds,“somethingtheydidnotneedtodo20yearsago.”Aarshopeshisresearchcouldrevealhowtohelphispenfriendsholdoutalittlelonger.“Whatisimportantforusisthatallthisdatatellsushowtheywillrespondinthefuture,”headds.8.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph1?公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

30A.Providesomekeyfactsaboutpolarbears.B.Explainhowtodealwithwildpolarbears.C.Suggestwaystosavetranquilizedpolarbears.D.Describehowtogetpolarbearsreadyfortracking.9.Whatisthecollarmainlyusedfor?A.Guidingpolarbearstoseaice.B.Protectingpolarbearsfromhunting.C.Labelingpolarbearsreadytogivebirth.D.Collectingpolarbearsmovementdata.10.Howdoesclimatechangeaffectpolarbears?A.Theyareforcedtomovesouth.B.Theyhavetroublefindingfood.C.Theirhabitatsaretoohottoliveup.D.Theircubsfailtoadapttotheclimate.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Polarbears:creaturesonseaice.B.Climatechange:polarbearsfaceextinction.C.Anotherwake-up:seaicelossisspeedingup.D.Emailsfromtheedge:polarbearssendmessagestoscientists.【8~11题答案】【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家在北极熊身上安装跟踪项圈来收集数据，以了解气候变化对它们的影响。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Nowyoucanhavepolarbearsaspenfriends.Firstyouneedtofindone,thentranquilizeitandquicklygiveitthenecessarytoolsbeforeitwakesup.It’sanawkwardfirstencounter—howmanyfriendshipsdoyouknowthatstartwithtranquilizers?—andadmittedlyaone-sidedcorrespondence,butsoonthey’llbesendingmessagesdaily.(现在你可以和北极熊做笔友了。首先你需要找到一个，然后让它安静下来，在它醒来之前迅速给它必要的工具。这是一次尴尬的初次相遇——你知道有多少友谊是从镇静剂开始的？——当然是单方面的通信，但很快他们就会每天发送信息)”可推知，作者在第一段中想要描述如何让北极熊做好被跟踪的准备。故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Eachyear,Aarsandhiscolleaguesfitaround70polarbearswithatrackingcollarwhichcontinuouslylogsmovement.Onceadaythecollarmakesasatellitecall,sendingthelast24hoursofdata公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

31backtotheInstitute.“Dataaboutmovementhasbeenveryimportanttounderstandhowtheymightrespondtoclimatechange,”Aarsexplains.(每年，Aars和他的同事们在大约70只北极熊身上安装了一个追踪项圈，可以连续记录它们的运动。项圈每天会打一次卫星电话，把过去24小时的数据发回研究所。“关于迁徙的数据对于了解它们如何应对气候变化非常重要，”Aars解释道)”可知，这个项圈主要用来收集北极熊的运动数据。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Awarmingclimatemeansavastamountofseaiceismelting.Severalsealspecies—polarbears’mainfood—relyonseaice,andmoreoftenthannot,whereseaicecanbefound,sotoocanpolarbears.Butthesecreaturesarebeingforcedtomove.“Wehaveseenthatbearsareindifferentareasthantheyusedtobe-somuchfurthernorth,”Aarsexplains.(气候变暖意味着大量海冰正在融化。几种海豹——北极熊的主要食物——依赖海冰，而且往往在有海冰的地方，北极熊也能找到。但这些生物被迫迁徙。阿尔斯解释说：“我们已经看到熊在不同的地区，比以前更靠北。”)”可推知，气候变化让北极熊很难找到食物。故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Nowyoucanhavepolarbearsaspenfriends.Firstyouneedtofindone,thentranquilizeitandquicklygiveitthenecessarytoolsbeforeitwakesup.It’sanawkwardfirstencounter—howmanyfriendshipsdoyouknowthatstartwithtranquilizers?—andadmittedlyaone-sidedcorrespondence,butsoonthey’llbesendingmessagesdaily.(现在你可以和北极熊做笔友了。首先你需要找到一个，然后让它安静下来，在它醒来之前迅速给它必要的工具。这是一次尴尬的初次相遇——你知道有多少友谊是从镇静剂开始的？——当然是单方面的通信，但很快他们就会每天发送信息)”以及第二段中“Everymorning,JonAars,aseniorresearcherattheNowegianPolarInstitute,receivesabunchofemailsfromseveralfemalepolarbears,lettinghimknowwheretheyare.(乔恩·阿斯是挪威极地研究所的高级研究员，他每天早上都会收到几只母北极熊发来的电子邮件，让他知道它们在哪里)”结合文章主要说明了科学家在北极熊身上安装跟踪项圈来收集数据，以了解气候变化对它们的影响。可知，D选项“来自极地的电子邮件：北极熊给科学家发送信息”最符合文章标题。故选D。DProfessorVeenaSahajwalla,2022Australianoftheyear,hascreatedasolutiontoourmassivetrashproblem:wastemicrofactories.Theselittletrashprocessors(处理器)—someassmallas500squarefeet—houseaseriesofmachinesthatrecyclewasteandtransformitintonewmaterialswiththermaltechnology.Thenewall-in-oneapproachcouldleaveourcurrentrecyclingprocessesinthedust.In2018shelaunchedthefirstmicrofactory,establishingamodelofrecyclingthatenablesbusinessesandcommunitiestodevelopcommercialopportunitieswhileaddressinglocalwasteproblems.Asecondonebeganrecyclingplasticsin2019.Now,herlabgroupisworkingwithuniversityandindustrypartnerstocommercializetheirpatentedMicrofactorytechnology.“Thesmallscaleofthemachineswillmakeiteasierforthemtoonedayoperateonrenewableenergy,unlikemostlargemanufacturingplants.Theapproachwillalsoallowcitiestorecycle公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

32wasteintonewproductsonlocation,avoidingthelong,ofteninternational,high-emissionjourneysbetweenrecyclingprocessorsandmanufacturingplants.Withamicrofactory,gonearethedaysofneedingseparatefacilitiestocollectandstorematerials,extract(提取)elementsandproducenewproducts,”saysSahajwalla.Traditionally,recyclingplantsbreakdownmaterialsforreuseinsimilarproducts-likemeltingdownplastictomakemoreplasticthings.Sahajwalla’sinventionadvancesthisideabytakingmaterialsfromanoldproductandcreatingsomethingdifferent.“Thekidsdon’tlookliketheparents,”shesays.Sahajwallareferstothisprocessas“thefourthR,”adding“re-form”tothecommonphrase“reduce,reuse,recycle”.ProfessorVeenaSahajwalla’sprogramshelptodevelopinnovationandpromotecooperationwithindustry,ensuringthatsustainablematerialsandprocessesbecomecommerciallypracticalsolutionsfordealingwithwaste.12.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroduceanewtypeoftrashprocessor.B.Tointroducetheprocessofrecyclingwaste.C.Toprovetheseriousnessofthetrashproblem.D.Toshowthecurrentsituationoftrashrecycling.13.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Thefoundingofwastemicrofactories.B.Theinfluencesofwastemicrofactories.C.Theadvantagesofwastemicrofactories.D.Theshockingscaleofwastemicrofactories.14.Whatdoes“re-form”inParagraph3refertoaccordingtoSahajwalla?A.Extractingmaterialsfromthewaste.B.Generatingnewmaterialswithwaste.C.Updatingthewholerecyclingprocess.D.Transformingwasteintosimilarproducts.15.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Afictionnovel.B.Abusinessreport.C.Asciencemagazine.D.Achemicaltextbook.【12~15题答案】【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了VeenaSahajwalla教授是2022公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

33年澳大利亚年度人物，她为我们的大规模垃圾问题创造了一个解决方案：垃圾微型工厂。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“ProfessorVeenaSahajwalla,2022Australianoftheyear,hascreatedasolutiontoourmassivetrashproblem:wastemicrofactories.Theselittletrashprocessors—someassmallas500squarefeet—houseaseriesofmachinesthatrecyclewasteandtransformitintonewmaterialswiththermaltechnology.Thenewall-in-oneapproachcouldleaveourcurrentrecyclingprocessesinthedust.(VeenaSahajwalla教授是2022年澳大利亚年度人物，她为我们的大规模垃圾问题创造了一个解决方案：垃圾微型工厂。这些小垃圾处理器——有些只有500平方英尺——容纳了一系列回收垃圾并利用热技术将其转化为新材料的机器。新的“一体式”方法可能会让我们目前的回收流程相形见绌。)”可知，第一段的写作目的是为了介绍一种新型的垃圾处理机。故选A。【13题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“In2018shelaunchedthefirstmicrofactory,establishingamodelofrecyclingthatenablesbusinessesandcommunitiestodevelopcommercialopportunitieswhileaddressinglocalwasteproblems.(2018年，她启动了第一个微型工厂，建立了一种回收模式，使企业和社区能够在解决当地废物问题的同时开发商业机会。)”可知，第二段主要讲述了垃圾微工厂的优点。故选C。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据上文“Sahajwalla’sinventionadvancesthisideabytakingmaterialsfromanoldproductandcreatingsomethingdifferent.(Sahajwalla的发明通过从旧产品中提取材料并创造出不同的东西来推进这一想法。)”可知，Sahajwalla将这一过程称为“第四个R”，即在“减少、再利用、再循环”的基础上再加上“重组”。由此可推知，re-form指的是“用废物产生新材料”。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“ProfessorVeenaSahajwalla,2022Australianoftheyear,hascreatedasolutiontoourmassivetrashproblem:wastemicrofactories.(VeenaSahajwalla教授是2022年澳大利亚年度人物，她为我们的大规模垃圾问题创造了一个解决方案：垃圾微型工厂。)”可知，文章主要介绍了垃圾微型工厂。由此可推知，文章可能出自一本科学杂志。故选C。一、广东汕头·二模（4月）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

34ThetraditionalChineselunarcalendardividestheyearinto24solarterms,whichreflecttheChinesepeople’sunderstandingoftime.Hereseveralspecialsolartermsarelisted.RainWaterRainWatersignalstheincreaseinrainfallandriseintemperature.Withitsarrival,theriverwaterdefreezes,wildgeesemovefromsouthtonorth,andtreesandgrassturngreenagain.Extracareisneededtocopewithareturningcoldspellinthisperiod.ThewetanddampweatherduringRainWaterperiodisconsideredharmfulforpeople’sspleen（脾）andstomachaccordingtoChinesemedicalpractice.Therefore,abowlofnutritiousporridgeisthebestchoicetonourishthebody.AwakeningofInsectsAsthethirdsolarterminthelunaryear,itsnameimpliesthatanimalssleepinginwinterareawakenedbyspringthunderandthattheearthbeginstocomebacktolife.Itisthekeytimeforspringagriculturalactivities.Modernmeteorologicalscienceshowsthataroundthisperiod,theearthbecomeswet,thehothumidairfromthenorthisstrongandcreatesfrequentwinds.Forthisreason,thunderoftenoccurs.SpringEquinoxSpringEquinoxsignalstheequallengthofthedayandnighttime.OnthedayoftheSpringEquinox,thesunisdirectlyabovetheequator.Aftertheequinox,thesunmovesnorthwards,resultingingraduallylongerdaytimeintheNorthernHemisphere.Standinganegguprightisapopulargameduringthisperiod.Itisbelievedthatifsomeonecanmaketheeggstand,hewillhavegoodluckinthefuture.GrainRainGrainRainoriginatesfromtheoldsaying,“Rainbringsupthegrowthofhundredsofgrains",whichshowsthatthisperiodofrainfallisextremelyimportantforthegrowthofcropsandpeoplearebusyworkingontheland.GrainRainfallsbetweentheendof'springandthebeginningofsummer,withinfrequentcoldairmovingtothesouthandlingeringcoldairinthenorth.Withdrysoil,anunsteadyatmosphereandheavywindsandsandstormsbecomemorefrequent.1.WhatcanweknowaboutRainWater?A.Riverwaterstartstofreeze.B.Takingoffthethickcoatsisadvisable.C.Livelyspring-likescenerycanbeseen.D.Itfallsbetweentheendofspringandthestartofsummer.2.WhatdoAwakeningofInsectsandGrainRainhaveincommon?A.Farmingseason.B.Animalactivities.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

35C.Airtemperature.D.Frequentthundering.3.Inwhichsolartermwouldpeoplemostprobablyputonmasks?A.RainWater.B.GrainRain.C.SpringEquinox.D.AwakeningofInsects.【1~3题答案】【答案】1.B2.A3.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国24节气中的“雨水”、“惊蛰”、“春分”和“谷雨”这四个节气，让我们进一步了解这四个节气的气候和习俗。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“RainWatersignalstheincreaseinrainfallandriseintemperature.(雨水标志着降雨量增加和气温的上升)”以及后文提及雨水时，天气潮湿，经常下雨。因此，作为春天的开始，随着雨水节气的到来，气温开始上升，建议脱下寒冷冬季时穿着的厚重外套。故选B项。【2题详解】判断推理题。根据第三段中“Itisthekeytimeforspringagriculturalactivities.(这是春季农业活动的关键时期)”可知，惊蛰是农业的关键，以及最后一段第一句“GrainRainoriginatesfromtheoldsaying,‘Rainbringsupthegrowthofhundredsofgrains’,whichshowsthatthisperiodofrainfallisextremelyimportantforthegrowthofcropsandpeoplearebusyworkingontheland.(谷雨源于古语“雨生百谷”，说明这一时期的降雨对农作物的生长极为重要，人们正忙于耕作)”结合来看，可得知惊蛰和谷雨这两个节气对农业来说都很重要，是耕作的季节。故选A项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Withdrysoil,anunsteadyatmosphereandheavywindsandsandstormsbecomemorefrequent.(由于土壤干燥，大气不稳定和强风，沙尘暴变得更加频繁)”可推测，在谷雨时沙尘暴经常出现，所以人们最可能需要佩戴口罩保护自己。故选B项。BMyphilosophyprofessorwasatypicaleccentricphilosopher,whosebehaviorwassomewhatstrange.Hisdisheveled(蓬乱的)appearancewashighlightedbyawell-worntweed(粗花呢)sportcoatandpoor-fittingthickglasses,whichoftenrestedonthetipofhisnose.Everynowandthen,asmostphilosophyprofessorsdo,hewouldgooffononeofthoseexistential“what'sthemeaningoflife”discussions.Manyofthosediscussionswentnowhere,buttherewereafewthatreallyhithome.Thiswasoneofthem:公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

36“Respondtothefollowingquestionsbyashowofhands,”myprofessorinstructed.“Howmanyofyoucantellmesomethingaboutyourparents?”Everyone'shandwentup.“Howmanyofyoucantellmesomethingaboutyourgrandparents?”Aboutthree-fourthsoftheclassraisedtheirhands.“Howmanyofyoucantellmesomethingaboutyourgreat-grandparents?”Twooutofsixtystudentsraisedtheirhands.“Lookaroundtheroom,”hesaid.“Injusttwoshortgenerationshardlyanyofusevenknowwhoourowngreat-grandparentswere.Ohsure,maybewehaveanoldphotographtucked(收藏)awayinamustycigarboxorknowtheclassicfamilystoryabouthowoneofthemwalkedfivemilestoschoolbarefoot.Buthowmanyofusreallyknowwhotheywere,whattheythought,whattheywereproudof,whattheywereafraidof,orwhattheydreamedabout?Thinkaboutthat.Withinthreegenerationsourancestorsareallbutforgotten.Willthishappentoyou?”“Here’sabetterquestion.Lookaheadthreegenerations.Youarelonggone.Insteadofyousittinginthisroom,nowit’syourgreat-grandchildren.Whatwilltheyhavetosayaboutyou?Willtheyknowaboutyou?Orwillyoubeforgotten,too?”“Isyourlifegoingtobeawarningoranexample?Whatlegacywillyouleave?Thechoiceisyours.Classdismissed.”Nobodyrosefromtheirseatsforagoodfiveminutes.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheprofessor?A.Untidybutconsiderate.B.Oddbutthoughtful.C.Fashionableandhelpful.D.Neatandresponsible.5.Whydoestheprofessormention“photograph”and“familystory”inParagraph6?A.Tosharehisowninterestingstories.B.Tosuggestnewwaystoknowtheancestors.C.Toprovetheyaregoodwaystoknowtheancestors.D.Toshowpeople'sunderstandingoftheancestorsareshallow.6.Whatcanweknowaboutthisphilosophyclass?A.Itarousedourthinkingaboutlife.B.Itwentnowherelikethepreviousones.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

37C.Theprofessorwasunsatisfiedwithouranswers.D.Theprofessorofferedushisanswerstothequestions.7.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Ourphilosophyprofessor.B.Alessonaboutlegacy.C.Ourmemorableancestors.D.Agapamongthreegenerations.【4~7题答案】【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了一堂意义深远的哲学课。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Myphilosophyprofessorwasatypicaleccentricphilosopher,whosebehaviorwassomewhatstrange.(我的哲学教授是一个典型的古怪哲学家，他的行为有些奇怪)”可知，这位哲学教授是个古怪的人；根据倒数第二段教授的话“Isyourlifegoingtobeawarningoranexample?Whatlegacywillyouleave?Thechoiceisyours.Classdismissed.(你的生活是一个警告还是一个榜样？你会留下什么遗产？选择权在你。下课了)”可知，教授是一位有思想的人。故选B。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据划线词所在句的后几句“Buthowmanyofusreallyknowwhotheywere,whattheythought,whattheywereproudof,whattheywereafraidof,orwhattheydreamedabout?(但我们当中有多少人真正知道他们是谁，他们的想法，他们的骄傲，他们的恐惧，或他们的梦想？)”可知，教授通过照片和家族故事的例子说明人们对于祖先的了解是肤浅的，仅限于照片和故事。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章的讲述可知，教授向学生提出了一系列是否了解祖先的问题，并让学生设想自己的后代会记得自己的什么，结合最后一句“Nobodyrosefromtheirseatsforagoodfiveminutes.(整整五分钟没有人从座位上站起来)”可知，教授宣布下课后，同学们依然没有离开，可推知，教授的课唤起了学生对生活的思考。故选A。【7题详解】主旨大意题。本文中作者回忆了一堂意义深远的哲学课，课上，教授通过问题让学生们思考可以给自己的后代留下什么？结合“Isyourlifegoingtobeawarningoranexample?Whatlegacywillyouleave?Thechoiceisyours.(你的生活是一个警告还是一个榜样？你会留下什么遗产？选择权在你)”可知，“Alessonaboutlegacy.(一堂关于遗产的课)”适合作为本文标题。故选B。公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

38CFewwouldhaveexpectedthatviewersatthe2022BeijingWinterOlympicswouldincludeanimals.Andyet,coverageoftheeventfeaturedseveralsightingsofwildlife,particularlyleopardcatsapparentlyseekingtogetinontheaction.OnJan31,onthealpineskislopes(高山滑雪坡)inYanqingdistrict,90kilometersnorthwestofBeijing,aleopardcatwasspottedwanderingthroughanaward-ceremonyrehearsal.Theeventcaughttheattentionofvolunteersandstaff,withmanysnappingphotos.Threedayslater,aChinesephotographercapturedanotherleopardcatinthewoodsneartheOlympicskislopes.Thecreatureranpasthim,jumpedoverafenceandlookedback.Leopardcatsarewildfelids,slightlylargerthanhousecats,andtheymostlykeepclearofhumanactivity.However,accordingtoLuoShujin,apassionateskierandaconservationbiologistatPekingUniversity,thefrequentappearanceoftheanimalsclosetotheskirunsindicatesthatthespecieshaspersistedinthishuman-dominatedlandscape,whichisrelativelyclosetoBeijing,Strangely,theircalmmannersuggeststheyarenotfrightenedbyhumanactivity.Intheabsenceofanyresearchdata,itistooearlytodrawanyconclusionsthatthecreationoftheOlympicskiingvenuehasnotaffectedthesurroundingforestsandwildlife.However,it’spossiblethatthewildcatshavetosomeextentalreadyadaptedtocoexistencewithhumans,likelybecausepeopleatthevenuehavenotshownanaggressiveattitudetowardtheanimalssinceitsconstruction.AccordingtoLuo,wildcatsarerarelyseensoclosetobigcities,especiallymetropolitancities.“Ithinkthisisalittle-knownsideofBeijing,”saysLuo,whoisproudthatsuchwildlifecanbefoundsoclosetothecapitalcity.“Suchaneventcausesmetohopethatwecantryourbesttoensurecontinuedcoexistencebetweenwildernessandhumansettlements.”8.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepresenceofleopardcatsaroundthevenue?A.Embarrassing.B.Common.C.Alarming.D.Unexpected.9.Whatisthenaturalcharacteristicofaleopardcat?A.Friendlytohumans.B.Sensitivetocameralight.C.Enthusiasticaboutsports.D.Afraidofhumanactivity.10.WhichofthefollowingmayProfessorLuoagreewith?A.Wildlifeshouldnotbedisturbedbyhumans.B.Wildlifeneedtobekeptawayfrombigcities.C.Humansshouldliveinharmonywithwildlife.D.Humansneedtoadapttothelifestylesofwildlife.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

3911.Whatisthetexttypeofthepassage?A.Anewsreport.B.Asportreview.C.Anofficialannouncement.D.Ananimalencyclopedia.【8~11题答案】【答案】8.D9.D10.C11.A【解析】本文为一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了在北京冬奥会的观众中竟然出现了豹猫，这说明了野生动物已经开始慢慢适应了与人类共存。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Fewwouldhaveexpectedthatviewersatthe2022BeijingWinterOlympicswouldincludeanimals.Andyet,coverageoftheeventfeaturedseveralsightingsofwildlife,particularlyleopardcatsapparentlyseekingtogetinontheaction.(很少有人会想到，2022年北京冬奥会的观众中会有动物。然而，对这一事件的报道中出现了几次野生动物的目击，尤其是显然想要参与行动的豹猫)”可推断，人们对于豹猫的出现感到出乎意料。故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Leopardcatsarewildfelids,slightlylargerthanhousecats,andtheymostlykeepclearofhumanactivity.(豹猫是一种野生猫科动物，比家猫稍大一些，它们大多远离人类活动)”可知，豹猫天性是远离人类活动的，它们害怕人类活动。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Ithinkthisisalittle-knownsideofBeijing,”saysLuo,whoisproudthatsuchwildlifecanbefoundsoclosetothecapitalcity.“Suchaneventcausesmetohopethatwecantryourbesttoensurecontinuedcoexistencebetweenwildernessandhumansettlements.”(我认为这是北京鲜为人知的一面，”罗说，他为能在离首都这么近的地方发现这样的野生动物而感到自豪。他说，“我希望我们能尽最大努力，让野生动物和人类定居点持续共存。”)”可推断，他认为人类应该和野生动物和谐共处。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据全文可知，整篇文章讲述了冬奥会期间出现豹猫这件事，反复例举豹猫出现的场景，这是真实发生的事件，所以是新闻报道。故选A。DCouldthesecrettoagoodnight’ssleepbeapencilandpaper?ResearchersatBaylorUniversitypublishedastudyintheJournalofExperimentalPsychologythatclaimswritingato-dolisthelpspeoplegettosleepfaster.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

40“Therearetwoschoolsofthoughtaboutthis,”Theleadresearcher,Scullinsaid.“Oneisthatwritingaboutthefuturewouldleadtoincreasedworryaboutunfinishedtasksanddelaysleep,whilewritingaboutcompletedactivitieswouldnottriggerworry.Thealternativehypothesis(假设)isthatwritingato-dolistwilloffloadthosethoughtsandreduceworry.”Totestthehypotheses,researchersinvited57menandwomenbetweenages18and30tospendoneweeknightinacontrolledsleeplabandtheyweredividedintotwogroups,theexperimentalgroupandthecontrolgroup.Fiveminutesbeforebedtime,eachparticipantwasinstructedtocompleteashortwritingexercise.Thefirstgroupwroteaboutanythingtheyneededtoremembertodointheupcomingdays,whiletheotherwroteabouttaskstheyhadcompletedduringthepreviousdays.Whentheexercisewasdone,participantswenttobed.Researchersmeasuredeachparticipant’sbrainactivityovernightusingatechniquecalledpolysomnography(睡眠多项生理检查),whichrecordseyemovement,muscleactivityandotherbiologicalchanges.Theresearchersfoundthattheparticipantswhowroteto-dolistsfellasleepanaverageof9minutesfasterthanthosewhowroteaboutalready-accomplishedtasks.While9minutesmaynotseemlikealotofextrashut-eye,it’scomparabletotheimprovementseeninclinicaltrialsforsomesleepmedications,ScullintoldTimemagazine.Scullinnotedthatwhilethesamplesizewasappropriateforanexperimental,laboratory-basedpolysomnographystudy,alargerfuturestudywouldbeofvalue.“Measuresofpersonality,anxiety,anddepressionmightmoderatetheeffectsofwritingonfallingasleep,andthatcouldbeexploredinaninvestigationwithalargersample,”hesaid.“Werecruitedhealthyyoungadults,andsowedon’tknowwhetherourfindingswouldgeneralizetopatientswithsleeplessness,thoughsomewritingactivitieshavepreviouslybeensuggestedtobenefitsuchpatients.”12.Whatdoestheword“trigger”inParagraphTwomean?A.Reduce.B.Rid.C.Control.D.Cause.13.What’sthedifferencebetweentheexperimentalgroupandthecontrolgroup?A.Thecontentoftheirwritingexercises.B.Theageandgenderoftheparticipants.C.Thesleepinghoursoftheparticipants.D.Themeasuringmethodofbrainactivity.14.Whatcanweknowabouttheeffectbroughtbywritingato-dolistbeforebed?A.Itshowsnoimprovement.B.Itmakesfallingasleepharder.C.Itissimilartotakingsleepmedications.D.Ithelpstolengthenthesleepinghours.15.Whatisthewritingpurposeofthelastparagraph?公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

41A.Toanalyzethecauseoftheexperiment.B.Tostatethelimitationoftheexperiment.C.Toshowthesignificanceoftheexperiment.D.Tocriticizethedrawbackoftheexperiment.【12~15题答案】【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.B【解析】本文为一篇说明文。一项研究表明，写待办事项清单有助于人们快速入睡，本文介绍了这项实验研究，并说明了其实验结果和局限性。【12题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段“Oneisthatwritingaboutthefuturewouldleadtoincreasedworryaboutunfinishedtasksanddelaysleep,whilewritingaboutcompletedactivitieswouldnottriggerworry.(一种是，写关于未来的事情会增加对未完成任务的担忧，并推迟睡眠时间，而写已经完成的事情不会trigger担忧。)”可以推测，写已经完成的事情不会像写关于未来的事情那样会导致对未完成任务的担忧，因此，trigger与cause同义，表示“导致、引发”。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thefirstgroupwroteaboutanythingtheyneededtoremembertodointheupcomingdays,whiletheotherwroteabouttaskstheyhadcompletedduringthepreviousdays.(第一组写下未来几天需要记住的事情，而另一组写下前几天完成的任务。)”可知，实验组和对照组在他们写作练习的内容方面不一致。故选A项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Theresearchersfoundthattheparticipantswhowroteto-dolistsfellasleepanaverageof9minutesfasterthanthosewhowroteaboutalready-accomplishedtasks.While9minutesmaynotseemlikealotofextrashut-eye,it’scomparabletotheimprovementseeninclinicaltrialsforsomesleepmedications,ScullintoldTimemagazine.(研究人员发现，写任务清单的参与者比写已经完成任务的参与者平均快9分钟入睡。斯卡林在接受《时代》杂志采访时表示，虽然9分钟的睡眠时间似乎并不多，但它与一些睡眠药物的临床试验中看到的改善效果相当。)”可知，睡前写待办事项清单的影响类似于服用安眠药物的效果。故选C项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Measuresofpersonality,anxiety,anddepressionmightmoderatetheeffectsof公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

42writingonfallingasleep,andthatcouldbeexploredinaninvestigationwithalargersample(对性格、焦虑和抑郁的测量可能会缓和写作对入睡的影响，这可以通过更大的样本进行调查来探索)”及“Werecruitedhealthyyoungadults,andsowedon’tknowwhetherourfindingswouldgeneralizetopatientswithsleeplessness(我们招募了健康的年轻人，所以我们不知道我们的发现是否适用于失眠患者)”可知，文章最后一段描述了实验中部分要素的影响，因此，需要更大的样本来进行调查探索，因此，文章最后一段旨在告诉我们实验的局限性。故选B项。一、广东深圳·二模（4月）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASitesforfreeonlineeducationenableyoutolearncoursesinyourcomfortableplace.Thecoursesofthesewebsitesareofferedbytopuniversities.Youcanlearnaspecificsubjectwithoutmuchinvestment.Thesewebsitesoffermanyvideos,articles,ande-bookstoincreaseyourknowledge.CourseraCourseraisafreelearningplatformthatoffersMOOCscoursesfromwell-knownuniversities.Allcoursescontainpre-recordedvideolecturesthatyoucanwatchwhenitisconvenientforyou.Courserahasprogramstogetherwithuniversitiesthatallowyoutogetamaster’sdegree.Youcanexplorevariouscollegecourseswithoutanytrouble.CodeHSCodeHSisalearningsitethat’sspeciallydesignedforstudentstolearncomputerscience.Thiswebsiteprovideslessonplanswhereyoucanaccessvariousresourcestolearnit.Thecoursesaredesignedinawaythatsuitsyourpersonalneeds.Thevideoscanbeviewedonlineaswellasoffline.KhanAcademyThissiteisusefultomatchyourlearninggoals.Youchoosethissitetopersonalizeyourlearningexperience.Thisfreeplatformcanbeusedforlearnersandteachers.Theresourcesofthissiteareavailableonlineaswellasoffline.ThecontentofKhanAcademyisavailableinEnglish,French,German,andmore.ConnectionsAcademyConnectionsAcademyisthebestonlinecoursewebsitethathelpsstudentstolearnfromhome.Thecoursesofthisplatformaredesignedforelementaryschoolandmiddleschool.Thesiteprovidespersonalizedlearningexperiencesandenablesyoutoeasilymeetteachersandclassmatesinthevirtualclassroom.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

431.What'sspecialaboutCodeHS?A.Itsatisfiespersonalizedneeds.B.Itfocusesonaparticularsubject.C.Itoffersaccesstovideoresources.D.Itservesbothlearnersandteachers.2.Whichofthefollowingbestsuitsjuniorhighstudents?A.Coursera.B.CodeHS.C.KhanAcademy.D.ConnectionsAcademy.3.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Torecommendlearningsites.B.Tointroducevariouscourses.C.Toshareon-lineexperiences.D.Toguideoff-campusstudents.【1~3题答案】【答案】1.B2.D3.A【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个可以免费学习在线教育网站，这些网站的课程由顶尖大学提供。我们可以在没有太多投资的情况下学习特定主题。这些网站提供了许多视频、文章和电子书来增加我们的知识。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据小标题CodeHS中第一段第一句“CourseraisafreelearningplatformthatoffersMOOCscoursesfromwell-knownuniversities.（CodeHS是一个专门为学习计算机科学的学生设计的学习网站。）”可知，CodeHS的特别之处在于它专注于一个特定的主题，即为学习计算机科学的学生设计的学习网站。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据小标题ConnectionsAcademy中第一段第二句“Thecoursesofthisplatformaredesignedforelementaryschoolandmiddleschool.（该平台的课程是针对小学和中学设计的。）”可知，ConnectionsAcademy平台的课程是针对小学和中学设计的，因此它最适合初中生。故选D项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容“Sitesforfreeonlineeducationenableyoutolearncoursesinyourcomfortableplace.Thecoursesofthesewebsitesareofferedbytopuniversities.Youcanlearnaspecificsubjectwithoutmuchinvestment.Thesewebsitesoffermanyvideos,articles,ande-bookstoincreaseyourknowledge.（免费在线教育网站能让你在舒适的环境中学习课程。这些网站的课程都是由顶尖大学提供的。你可以学习一个特定的科目，而不需要太多的投资。这些网站提供许多视频、文章和电子书来增加你的知识。）”可知，这篇文章要介绍一些学习网站，其目的是为我们推荐一些可以免费学习网站帮助我们学习，因此A公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

44项“推荐学习网站”符合题意。故选A项。BWangShuangwasjustfivewhenherparentsdivorced,droppedheratheruncle'sandleft.Football,asitoftenis,becameanescape.Atseven,shewasspottedbycoachXuYilong,whofoundWangquickinherplayfulbehaviour.Astheonlygirlintheboys'team,Wang'sperformanceswereimpressive,earningherthenickname“IronGirl.”Andsoon,shesensedthesport'spower.Footballallowedherto“releaseherself"andrealize“whateverhappens,footballneverleavesyoualone.”Howeverlifewasneversmoothsailing.Theconstantjibes(嘲讽)fromsomepeople,whoalwaystriedtopushherdownanddestroyherhopes,affectedhersodeeplythatshelostconfidence.“TheyweresayingIhadnotalentatall.Gradually,Ifeltreallyso.”Wangoncewrote.Butneverdidshestopplaying.Whenshewascalleduptothenationalteam,aged17,Wangthought,“Me?Areyousure?”Whenaworld-famousclubwantedtosignher,shewas“excitedthatanexcellentcoachthoughtIwasgood.”Itwasonlythenthatshefeltconfidentinherabilities.“Ifeltrecognized.PerhapsIhadabitoftalentafterall.”Notany“bitoftalent”;thegeniusispraisedasChina'sonce-in-a-generationplayer.Chinaisapioneerofwomen'sfootballinAsiaandhaswonthecontinentalchampionshipeighttimes,includingsevenstraighttitlesbetween1986and1999.Thatwastheirgoldenage.Gradually,though,thedynastydeclined.ItishopedthatWangwillinspirethewomen'sfootballofthecountrytoitsformerheight.Coachesarealmostalwayshesitanttospeakaboutindividualplayers.ButwhencoachShuiwasaskedaboutWangbeforethematchagainstVietnam,shecouldn'tstopmentioningherinfluenceontheteam.Unfailinglyperformingonthebigstage,Wangdidnotletherteamdown.Whentheylackedaqualityball,shedeliveredtwohighassiststhatfinallyledherteamintothelast-fourclash(四分之一决赛).“Nobodyknowshowharditwas,”declaredWangafterthematch.“Weovercamedifficulties.Wealsoshowedourstrongspiritualpower.Iamproudofmyteam.”4.WhatcanweinferaboutWangfromthesecondparagraph?A.Sheearnedalivingonherown.B.Shewasreleasedfromtheteam.C.Shewaslaughedatbytheboys.D.Shefoundasenseofbelonging.5.HowdidWangregainfaithinherabilities?A.Bywinningrecognition.B.Byobtaininginspiration.C.Byplayinginthenationalteam.D.Byignoringotherpeople'sjibes.6.WhichwouldbestdescribecoachShui'sattitudetoWang?公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

45A.Conservative.B.Contradictory.C.Favourable.D.Demanding.7.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.WangShuang:ASteelRoseB.WangShuang:AChildGeniusC.WangShuang:AFootballPioneerD.WangShuang:AGoldenAgeCreator【4~7题答案】【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了足球运动员王霜五岁父母离婚，她从踢足球中找到了归属感，17岁被召入国家队时，自信大增，她的能力也得到了教练的认可。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Footballallowedherto'releaseherself'andrealize'whateverhappens,footballneverleavesyoualone.'（足球让她“释放自己”，并意识到“无论发生什么，足球永远不会让你孤单。”）”可知，是足球让王霜释放自己，并意识到无论发生什么，足球永远不会让自己孤单。说明她在足球当中她找到了一种归属感。故选D项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Whenaworld-famousclubwantedtosignher,shewas'excitedthatanexcellentcoachthoughtIwasgood.'Itwasonlythenthatshefeltconfidentinherabilities.'Ifeltrecognized.PerhapsIhadabitoftalentafterall.'（当一家世界著名的俱乐部想签下她时，她“很高兴一位优秀的教练认为我很好。”直到那时，她才对自己的能力充满信心。“我觉得被认可了,也许我还是有一点天赋的。）”可知，一位优秀的教练认为王霜很好，并想签下她，因此她通过赢得别人对自己的认可对自己的能力恢复了信心。故选A项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段前三句内容“Coachesarealmostalwayshesitanttospeakaboutindividualplayers.ButwhencoachShuiwasaskedaboutWangbeforethematchagainstVietnam,shecouldn'tstopmentioningherinfluenceontheteam.Unfailinglyperformingonthebigstage,Wangdidnotletherteamdown.（教练在谈论球员个人时总是犹豫不决。但在与越南队的比赛之前，当水教练被问及王时，她忍不住提到她对球队的影响。一直在大舞台上表演的王没有让她的团队失望。）”可知，水教练认为王霜对球队影响力很大，没有让她的团队失望，说明教练对王霜非常的称赞，C项Favourable“称赞的，赞成的”符合。故选C项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段第二句“Astheonlygirlintheboys'team,Wang'sperformanceswereimpressive,公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

46earningherthenickname“IronGirl.”（作为男队中唯一的女生，王霜的表现令人印象深刻，为她赢得了“铁娘子”的绰号。）”可知，在男足球队中时王霜就表现的非常出色。以及根据第六段前三句内容“Coachesarealmostalwayshesitanttospeakaboutindividualplayers.ButwhencoachShuiwasaskedaboutWangbeforethematchagainstVietnam,shecouldn'tstopmentioningherinfluenceontheteam.Unfailinglyperformingonthebigstage,Wangdidnotletherteamdown.（教练在谈论球员个人时总是犹豫不决。但在与越南队的比赛之前，当水教练被问及王霜时，她忍不住提到她对球队的影响。一直在大舞台上表演的王没有让她的团队失望。）”可知教练对王霜的能力非常的认可，对于一个影响力十足的女性足球运动员来说“铿锵玫瑰”的称号值得拥有。因此A项适合作为文章标题。故先A项。CEndangeredpolarbearsarebreeding（繁殖）withgrizzlybears（灰熊）,creating“pizzly”bears,whichisbeingdrivenbyclimatechange,scientistssay.AstheworldwarmsandArcticseaicethins,starvingpolarbearsarebeingforcedeverfurthersouth,wheretheymeetgrizzlies,whoserangesareexpandingnorthwards.Andwiththatgrowingcontactbetweenthetwocomeincreasinghybrids（杂交种）.Withcharacteristicsthatcouldgivethehybridsanadvantageinwarmingnorthernhabitats,somescientistsguessthattheycouldbeheretostay.“Usually,hybridsaren'tbettersuitedtotheirenvironmentsthantheirparents,butthesehybridsareabletosearchforabroaderrangeoffoodsources,”LarisaDeSantis,anassociateprofessorofbiologicalsciencesatVanderbiltUniversity,toldLiveScience.Theriseof“pizzly”bearsappearswithpolarbears'decline:theirnumbersareestimatedtodecreasebymorethan30%inthenext30years.Thissuddenfallislinkedpartlyto“pizzly”bearstakinguppolarbears'ranges,wheretheyoutcompetethem,butalsotopolarbears'highlyspecializeddiets.“PolarbearsmainlyconsumedsoftfoodsevenduringtheMedievalWarmPeriod,apreviousperiodofrapidwarming,”DeSantissaid,referringtofatmealssuchasseals.“Althoughallofthesestarvingpolarbearsaretryingtofindalternativefoodsources,likeseabirdeggs,itcouldbeatippingpointfortheirsurvival.”Actually,thecaloriestheygainfromthesesourcesdonotbalanceoutthosetheyburnfromsearchingforthem.Thiscouldresultinahabitatreadyforthehybridstomoveinandtakeover,leadingtoalossinbiodiversityifpolarbearsarereplaced.“We'rehavingmassiveimpactswithclimatechangeonspecies,”DeSantissaid.“Thepolarbearistellingushowbadthingsare.Insomesense,“pizzly”bearscouldbeasadbutnecessarycompromisegivencurrentwarmingtrends.”8.Whydopolarbearsmovefurthersouth?A.Tocreatehybrids.B.Toexpandterritory.C.Torelievehunger.D.Tocontactgrizzlies.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

479.Whatmakes“pizzly”bearsadapttonaturalsurroundingsbetterthantheirparents?A.Broaderhabitats.B.Morefoodoptions.C.Climatepreference.D.Improvedbreedingability.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“atippingpoint”inparagraph5referto?A.Ararechance.B.Acriticalstage.C.Apositivefactor.D.Aconstantchange.11.What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.Polarbearsarechangingdietsforclimatechange.B.Polarbearshavealreadyadjustedtoclimatechange.C.“Pizzly”bearsareontherisebecauseofglobalwarming.D.“Pizzly”bearshavereplacedpolarbearsforglobalwarming.【8~11题答案】【答案】8.C9.B10.B11.C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于气候变暖，濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖，创造出“小灰熊”，杂交的“小灰熊”数量正在增加，这说明全球气候正在变得更糟糕。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“AstheworldwarmsandArcticseaicethins,starvingpolarbearsarebeingforcedeverfurthersouth,wheretheymeetgrizzlies,whoserangesareexpandingnorthwards.”（随着世界变暖和北极海冰变薄，饥饿的北极熊被迫越来越向南，在那里它们遇到灰熊，灰熊的活动范围正在向北扩展。）可知北极熊向南迁移是为了缓解饥饿。故选C项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“'Usually,hybridsaren'tbettersuitedtotheirenvironmentsthantheirparents,butthesehybridsareabletosearchforabroaderrangeoffoodsources,'LarisaDeSantis,anassociateprofessorofbiologicalsciencesatVanderbiltUniversity,toldLiveScience.”（范德比尔特大学（VanderbiltUniversity）生物科学副教授拉里萨·德桑蒂斯（LarisaDeSantis）对《生活科学》（LiveScience）说：“通常情况下，杂交种并不比它们的父母更适合它们的环境，但这些杂交种能够寻找更广泛的食物来源。”。）可知更多的食物选择让“小熊”比它们的父母更能适应自然环境。故选B项。【10题详解】公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

48词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段划线词后文“Actually,thecaloriestheygainfromthesesourcesdonotbalanceoutthosetheyburnfromsearchingforthem.”(事实上，他们从这些来源获得的热量并不能抵消他们在寻找这些来源时燃烧的热量。)及下一句“Thiscouldresultinahabitatreadyforthehybridstomoveinandtakeover,leadingtoalossinbiodiversityifpolarbearsarereplaced.”（这可能会导致一个栖息地准备好让杂交熊迁入并接管，如果北极熊被取代，将导致生物多样性的损失。）可知，无法找到食物来源，北极熊很可能被灰熊取代，处于生存的关键点。划线句“Althoughallofthesestarvingpolarbearsaretryingtofindalternativefoodsources,likeseabirdeggs,itcouldbeatippingpointfortheirsurvival.”（尽管所有这些饥饿的北极熊都在努力寻找其他食物来源，比如海鸟蛋，但这可能是它们生存的转折点。），beatippingpoint“转折点”，相当于Acriticalstage（关键阶段）。故选B项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Endangeredpolarbearsarebreeding（繁殖）withgrizzlybears（灰熊）,creating“pizzly”bears,whichisbeingdrivenbyclimatechange,scientistssay.”（科学家称，受气候变化的驱动，濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖，创造出“小灰熊”。）和倒数第二段“Thiscouldresultinahabitatreadyforthehybridstomoveinandtakeover,leadingtoalossinbiodiversityifpolarbearsarereplaced.”（这可能会导致一个栖息地准备好让杂交熊迁入并接管，如果北极熊被取代，将导致生物多样性的损失。）以及文章大意，可知由于全球变暖，“小熊”的数量正在上升。故选C项。DTherechargeablelithium-ion（锂离子）batterymarketisworthmorethan＄50billion.Lithium-ionbatteries,whosedemandcontinuestogoupdaybyday,areusedinawiderangeofelectronicdevices.Theyaremadeoffourmaincomponents,andcathode（阴极）isoneofthem.Thecathode'sactivematerialtypeiswhatdeterminesthecapacityofabattery.Arecentstudy,ledbyWangYan,amaterialscientistofWorcesterPolytechnicInstitute,findsthatlithium-ionbatteriesmadewithrecycledcathodesworkbetterthanthosewithnewcathodes.“Thebatteryindustryisexpectedtogrowsharplyinthenextdecade.Thishighdemandhasledcompaniestogotoextremes,likeincreasingdeep-seamining,togainaccesstothemineralsusedinlithium-ionbatteries,”Wangsaid.“Miningmineralswillhaveenvironmentalimpacts.Recyclingspentlithium-ionbatteriesoffersawayout.”Butuntilnow,theprospectofusingrecycledmaterialsinlithium-ionbatterieshassomemanufacturers（制造商）worryingthatitcouldimpactperformance.Thus,lithium-ionbatteriesarestillnotwidelyrecycled.Awareofdecreasingresourcesandenvironmentalimpact,Wangandotherresearcherssetouttofindawaytomakerecyclinglithium-ionbatterieseconomicallypractical.Throughexperiments,theycouldrecovermorethan90%ofthekeymetalsfromspentbatteries.Theserecoveredmetalsbecamethebasisofthenewrecycledbattery'scathode'sactivematerial.IntestsbetweenWang'steam'srecycledbatteriesandbrand-newbatteriesofthesamecomposition,the公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

49recycledbatteriesoutperformthenewonesintheirabilitytomaintaincapacity.Ittook11,600chargecyclesforrecycledcathodebatteriestolose30percentoftheiroriginalcapacity.Thatwasabout50percentbetterthanthe7,600observedcyclesfornewcathodebatteries,theteamreported.Thosethousandsofextracyclescouldtranslateintoyearsofbetterbatteryperformance,evenafterrepeateduseandrecharging.12.Whatcanwelearnaboutlithium-ionbatteriesfromthefirstparagraph?A.Theyarehighinprice.B.Theyareingreatdemand.C.Theyarelimitedinuse.D.Theyaresimpleincomposition.13.WhatdoesWangmainlytalkaboutinparagraph3?A.Thetargetusersofrecycledbatteries.B.Thewaystogetmineralsforbatteries.C.Themajorreasonsforrecyclingbatteries.D.Thecomplexprocessofrecyclingbatteries.14.Whatarethemanufacturersconcernedabout?A.Decliningmineralresources.B.Difficultrecyclingtechniques.C.Seriousenvironmentalproblems.D.Inefficientbatteryperformance.15.Whichofthefollowingdetailsbestsupportsthemainideaofthetext?A.Thebatteryindustryisgoingtodevelopdramatically.B.Recyclingbatteriesreducesimpactontheenvironment.C.Scientistscanrecoverkeymaterialsfromspentbatteries.D.Recycledbatteriesoutperformnewonesinchargingcircles.【12~15题答案】【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了可充电锂离子电池市场价值超过500亿美元。锂离子电池的需求与日俱增，广泛应用于电子设备中。但为了保护环境回收锂离子电池也显得尤为重要，且回收电池的容量保持能力优于新电池。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段前两句内容“Therechargeablelithium-ion（锂离子）batterymarketisworthmore公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

50than＄50billion.Lithium-ionbatteries,whosedemandcontinuestogoupdaybyday,areusedinawiderangeofelectronicdevices.（可充电锂离子电池市场价值超过500亿美元。锂离子电池的需求与日俱增，广泛应用于电子设备中。）”可知，锂离子电池市场大，广泛应用电子设备中，它的需求量很大，与日俱增。故选B项。【13题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段中的内容“Thebatteryindustryisexpectedtogrowsharplyinthenextdecade.Thishighdemandhasledcompaniestogotoextremes,likeincreasingdeep-seamining,togainaccesstothemineralsusedinlithium-ionbatteries,”Wangsaid.“Miningmineralswillhaveenvironmentalimpacts.Recyclingspentlithium-ionbatteriesoffersawayout.”（电池行业预计将在未来十年迅速增长。这种高需求导致企业走向极端，比如增加深海采矿，以获得用于锂离子电池的矿物。”“采矿会对环境造成影响。回收废旧锂离子电池提供了一条出路）”可知，深海采矿获取锂离子矿物质会对环境造成印象，回收利用锂离子会减少对环境的破坏。因此第三段主要在讲回收电池的主要原因，即为保护环境。故选C项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Butuntilnow,theprospectofusingrecycledmaterialsinlithium-ionbatterieshassomemanufacturers（制造商）worryingthatitcouldimpactperformance.（但直到现在，在锂离子电池中使用可回收材料的前景让一些制造商担心它可能会影响性能。）”可知，目前在锂离子电池中使用可回收材料的前景让一些制造商担心它可能会影响性能，也就是说回收回来的锂离子电池性能低效。故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段前三句内容“IntestsbetweenWang'steam'srecycledbatteriesandbrand-newbatteriesofthesamecomposition,therecycledbatteriesoutperformthenewonesintheirabilitytomaintaincapacity.Ittook11,600chargecyclesforrecycledcathodebatteriestolose30percentoftheiroriginalcapacity.Thatwasabout50percentbetterthanthe7,600observedcyclesfornewcathodebatteries,theteamreported.（在王的团队对回收电池和相同成分的全新电池进行的测试中，回收电池的容量保持能力优于新电池。回收的阴极电池需要11600次充电，才会失去原来容量的30%。研究小组报告说，这比新阴极电池观察到的7600个周期要好50%。）”可知，回收电池的容量保持能力优于新电池。回收的阴极电池需要11600次充电，才会失去原来容量的30%。研究小组报告说，这比新阴极电池观察到的7600个周期要好50%，可见在充电方面，回收电池的性能优于新电池。这篇文章主要是讲锂离子的需求变大，但开采锂离子矿物质会破坏环境，因此回收电池显得格外重要，所以D项最好地支持了文章的主要观点。故选D项。一、广东湛江·二模（4月）AXi'anenjoysareputationsasa“LivingHistoryMuseum”duetoitsrich,diversecollectionofhistoricaland公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

51culturaltreasures.ApartfromtheTerracottaWarriors,therearealsosomeotherattractionsinthecity.Herearesomeofthem.AncientCityWallXi'anCityWallwasbuiltinthe14thcenturyintheMingDynastyasamilitarydefensesystem.NowitisoneoftheoldestandbestpreservedChinesecitywalls.Thewallisnowalandmark,dividingthecityintoinnerandouterareas.GiantWildGoosePagoda（塔）Situatedinanancienttemple,thepagodabuiltwithlayersofbrickswasbuiltintheTangDynasty.ItistraditionalChinesearchitecture.OneofthemainfunctionsofthepagodawastostoreBuddhistscriptures（经文）andfigurinesbroughttoChinafromIndiabythefamousmonkandtravelerXuanZang,whostayedherefor19yearstranslatingBuddhistscriptures.ShaanxiHistoryMuseumTheShaanxiHistoryMuseum,builtin1991，ishometoover370,000preciousrelicsunearthedinShaanxiovertheyears,Themuseumconsistsofthreemainsections.Itscollectionsrangefrombronzeware（器血）topotteryware,goldandsilverwareandmuralpaintingsfromtheTangDynastytombs.TheMuslimQuarterOneofthehighlightsisitslocalsnackswhenyoutourXian.ThebestfooddestinationistheMuslimQuarter，whichhasahistoryofseveralhundredyears.Consistingofanumberoffoodstreets,theareahasbecomeafamousattractioninthecityforitsrichandauthenticMuslimculturalatmosphere.1.InwhichplacecanyouknowmoreaboutBuddhism?A.AncientCityWall.B.GiantWildGoosePagoda.C.ShaanxiHistoryMuseum.D.TheMuslimQuarter.2.WhatcanyoudowhenyouvisittheMuslimQuarter?A.Greatsomebronzewares.B.Eatdiversedelicioussnacks.C.Visitsomewatchtowers.D.TranslateBuddhistscriptures.3.Whatdoyouknowfromthetext?A.TheShaanxiHistoryMuseumhasexhibitsmadeofgold.B.XuanZangdiedintheGiantWildGoosePagoda.C.TheXi'anCityWallistheoldestChinesecitywall.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

52D.TheMuslimQuarterhasahistoryof100years.【1~3题答案】【答案】1.B2.B3.A【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个西安的旅游胜地。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据GiantWildGoosePagoda部分“OneofthemainfunctionsofthepagodawastostoreBuddhistscriptures（经文）andfigurinesbroughttoChinafromIndiabythefamousmonkandtravelerXuanZang,whostayedherefor19yearstranslatingBuddhistscriptures.(这是中国传统建筑。这座宝塔的主要功能之一是储存著名僧侣和旅行家玄奘从印度带到中国的佛经和雕像，玄奘在这里翻译佛经达19年之久。)”可知，在GiantWildGoosePagoda(大雁塔)你可以对佛教了解得更多。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“OneofthehighlightsisitslocalsnackswhenyoutourXian.ThebestfooddestinationistheMuslimQuarter，whichhasahistoryofseveralhundredyears.Consistingofanumberoffoodstreets,theareahasbecomeafamousattractioninthecityforitsrichandauthenticMuslimculturalatmosphere.(其中一个亮点是游览西安时当地的小吃。最好的食物目的地是有几百年历史的穆斯林区。该地区由多条美食街组成，以其丰富而真实的穆斯林文化氛围而成为该市著名的景点。)”可知，在那你可以品尝各式各样美味的小吃。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据ShaanxiHistoryMuseum部分的最后一句“Itscollectionsrangefrombronzeware（器血）topotteryware,goldandsilverwareandmuralpaintingsfromtheTangDynastytombs.(其收藏范围从青铜器到陶器、金银器和唐代墓葬壁画。)”可知陕西历史博物馆有黄金制成的展品。。故选A。BHuaShengandLuSheng,aretiredTibetancouple,havebecometrailblazers（开拓者）ofgrapegrowingandwine-makingintheiroldages.LuShenglearnedgrapeplantingandwinemakingfromhergrandmother’ssister.Sincetheyretired,thecouplehavemovedtoLhasafromthevillageofYakhadi.Thoughthefactthattheregion’scapital,whichis3,600metersabovesealevel,isconsideredunfitforgrowinggrapes,LuShengandHuaShengbegananambitiousprojectin2015,plantinggrapesinTsalna,atowninthesuburbofLhasa.Theyreceivedsupportfromthelocalgovernment,whichiscommittedtodevelopingbusinessandtheeconomy.Thecouple’sprojectprovidesjobsforruralresidents,and,asaresult,thegovernmenthasconsideredthe公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

53projectpartofitspovertyreliefprogram.“LhasaisanidealplaceforplantingFrenchgrapevarietiesthatareresistanttocold,droughtanddisease,andadaptabletohigh-altitudeandopen-airplanting,"LuShengsaid.“Thankstotheplateau’ssunshineandorganicplanting,ourgrapesgrowverywellhereinLhasa.Thegrapesareabitsourandsweet,andtheyhaveahighanthocyanin（花青素）content,”shesaid.Anthocyanins,whichareingrapecellsandcontributerichcolortowine,arewater-soluble（水溶性的）.In2018,HuaShengandLuShengexpandedtheirproject,plantingonnearly6.67hectares.InordertofamiliarizeTibetanfarmerswithgrapeplantingandwinemaking,theytaughttheskillstolocalvillagers.“Wehavesuccessfullytaughtthelocalfarmershowtogrowgrapesandmakewineoverthethreeyears.Theynowhaveanewsourceofincomebesidestraditionalfarrmingandherding,”HuaShengsaid.Yudron,aresidentofNam,saidshewasgratefultothegrapeplantingprojectinhervillage,whichhascontributedtoherincomeandqualityoflife."Afterworkinginthevineyardsforyears,nowweknowhowtomakewine.Wedrinkbothbarleyandgrapewinenow.Welovegrapewinemore,though,asitishealthier.4.Whatdidthecoupledoaftertheirretirement?A.TheygrewgrapesandmadewineinLhasa.B.TheymadefriendswithaFrenchexpert.C.TheymovedtoanothercityfromLhasa.D.TheylearnedgrapeplantingfromHuaSheng’Sgrandmother.5.Whywasthecouple’sprojectthoughtofasapovertyreliefprogram?A.Theydonatedgrapestolocalschools.B.Theyprovidedfreewineforvillagers.C.Theyemployedlocalresidentsasworkers.D.Theyexpandedtheprojectwiththelocalgovernment.6.Whichisthefunctionofanthocyanins?A.Theymakegrapesmoredelicious.B.Theycanacceleratethegrowthofgrapes.C.Theymakegrapes宣bitsourandsweet.D.Theyproviderichcolor’sforwine.7.For/theprojectconductedbythecouple,Yudronis________.A.appreciativeB.cautiousC.indifferentD.hesitate公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

54【4~7题答案】【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.A【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。一对退休的西藏夫妇在晚年搬到拉萨城郊，他们在那里种葡萄和酿制葡萄酒，并为农村居民提供工作，促进了当地的发展。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段HuaShengandLuSheng,aretiredTibetancouple,havebecometrailblazers（开拓者）ofgrapegrowingandwine-makingintheiroldages.(HuaSheng和LuSheng，一对退休的西藏夫妇，已经成为葡萄种植和酿酒的开拓者。)和第二段“LuShengandHuaShengbegananambitiousprojectin2015,plantinggrapesinTsalna,atowninthesuburbofLhasa.(LuSheng和HuaSheng在2015年开始了一项雄心勃勃的项目，在拉萨郊区的察尔纳镇种植葡萄)”可知，这对夫妻退休以后在拉萨城郊种植葡萄和酿制葡萄酒。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thecouple’sprojectprovidesjobsforruralresidents,and,asaresult,thegovernmenthasconsideredtheprojectpartofitspovertyreliefprogram.”可知，他们的项目为农村居民提供工作，所以被当地政府认为是扶贫项目。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Anthocyanins,whichareingrapecellsandcontributerichcolortowine,arewater-soluble.(葡萄细胞中的花青素是水溶性的，能使葡萄酒呈现丰富的颜色。)”可知，花青素为葡萄酒增添了浓郁的颜色。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yudron,aresidentofNam,saidshewasgratefultothegrapeplantingprojectinhervillage.(Yudron，Nam的一个居民说她很感谢村里的葡萄种植项目。)”可以推断出，对于HuaSheng和LuSheng的项目，Yudron是心怀感激的。故选A。CTobogganing,orsledding(雪橇),likelycomesbeforethecolonizationofNorthAmerica.RecordsshowthatCanada’sFirstPeoplesusedsmallsledstotransporttheirbelongingsandfoodbetweencamps,RaymondFlowerwritesinTheHistoryofSkiingandOtherWinterSports.Butmodern-daysledracescantracetheiroriginsbacktotheSwissAlpsinthelate1800swhenBritishtouristsdecidedtoraceinwoodenluges(asledusedbyoneperson)thatlocalshadusedtotravelthroughsnow.TheoriginisdebatableinsnowynorthernNewYork,however,wherethere$evidencethatAlbanyheldbobsled(asledusedbytwoormorepeople)racesasearlyas1885.Wherevertheybegan,sledracesquicklybecamepopular.ThefamousCrestaRun,namedaftertheSwisstown公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

55nearthebaseofitscourse,wasbuiltin1885usingsnowbanks.Thefirstorganizedcompetitionwasin1898,hostedbythefirstbobsledclubinnearbySt.Moritz(acityinSwitzerland).Itwasthenthatsleddingbegantoseparatefromthelugetoincludetwonewsports:bobsledding,andskeletonsledding(俯式雪橇).CrestaRunisconsideredthebirthplaceoftheskeleton,aparticularlydaringformofsledding.Unliketheluge,wherecompetitorsridefeet-firstonasledwithmetalrunners,theskeletonsleddingisasteelsledwithaslimappearance.Ridersliedownonthesledheadfirst,thendropsuddenlydownanicetrack.Bobsledding,meanwhile,involvesteamsoftwotofourinwhichthepersoninfrontcontrolsdirectionsandtheplayerinbackbrakeswhenneeded.Itearneditsnameaftercompetitorsstartedswingingbackandforthtospeedupthesled.Bobsleddinginitiallyovertookskeletonsleddinginpopularity,becomingoneofahandfulofsportsplayedatthefirstWinterGamesin1924.TheskeletonsleddingwaslimitedtotheCrestaRunfordecadesbecauseotherbobrunsaroundtheworldwerenotbuiltforthesteelskeletonsled.Butinthe1970s,adjustmentsweremadetoboththeskeletonandbobrunsinordertoincludetheeventatfuturewintergames.8.WhatcanweinferaboutRaymondFlower?A.Heisawriter.B.Heisgoodatsledding.C.Heinventedthesleddingrace.D.Hesetthefirstrecordofsledding.9.Howdoesskeletonsleddingdifferfromtheluge?A.Skeletonsleddingrunsonmetalrunners.B.Skeletonsleddingdoesn’thavebackbrakes.C.RidersonSkeletonsleddingsledwiththeirfeet.D.Skeletonsleddingneedsplayerstoliedownonitheadfirst.10.Whatlimitedthepopularityofskeletonsledding?A.Itsspecialshape.B.Itsspeed.C.Itssteelrunners.D.Itsunsuitableadjustments.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Whyissleddingsopopular?B.HowdidsleddingdevelopinSwitzerland?C.Whataresleddingadventuresabout?D.HowdidpeoplekilltimeinNorthAmerica?【8~11题答案】公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

56【答案】8.A9.D10.C11.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了雪橇运动在瑞士的发展。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“RecordsshowthatCanada’sFirstPeoplesusedsmallsledstotransporttheirbelongingsandfoodbetweencamps,RaymondFlowerwritesinTheHistoryofSkiingandOtherWinterSports.(RaymondFlower在《滑雪和其他冬季运动的历史》一书中写道，记录显示，加拿大的第一批人使用小型雪橇在营地之间运输他们的物品和食物。)”可以推断出，RaymondFlower是一位作家。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Unliketheluge,wherecompetitorsridefeet-firstonasledwithmetalrunners,theskeletonsleddingisasteelsledwithaslimappearance.Ridersliedownonthesledheadfirst,thendropsuddenlydownanicetrack.(无舵雪橇是在金属滑轨上，选手要先用脚滑行，而不同于无舵雪橇的是，俯式冰橇是一种外形细长的钢制雪橇。骑手们头朝下躺在雪橇上，然后突然从冰上滑下。)”可知，俯式雪橇与无舵雪橇的不同之处是俯式雪橇需要运动员在滑行时头朝下躺在上面。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“TheskeletonsleddingwaslimitedtotheCrestaRunfordecadesbecauseotherbobrunsaroundtheworldwerenotbuiltforthesteelskeletonsled.(几十年来，俯式雪橇一直局限于克雷斯塔滑道，因为世界上其他的雪橇滑道都不是为钢骨架俯式雪橇建造的。)”可知，俯式雪橇数十年来受限于克雷斯塔滑道是因为其他地方的雪橇滑道不适合钢架的俯式雪橇，因此限制了俯式雪橇的普及的是它的钢骨架，故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Wherevertheybegan,sledracesquicklybecamepopular.ThefamousCrestaRun,namedaftertheSwisstownnearthebaseofitscourse,wasbuiltin1885usingsnowbanks.Thefirstorganizedcompetitionwasin1898,hostedbythefirstbobsledclubinnearbySt.Moritz(acityinSwitzerland).Itwasthenthatsleddingbegantoseparatefromthelugetoincludetwonewsports:bobsledding,andskeletonsledding.(无论从哪里开始，雪橇比赛都很快变得流行起来。著名的克雷斯塔滑道，以滑道底部附近的瑞士小镇命名，于1885年利用雪堆建成。第一次有组织的比赛是在1898年，由圣莫里茨（瑞士的一个城市）附近的第一个雪橇俱乐部主办。就在那时，雪橇开始从雪橇中分离出来，加入了两项新的运动：bob雪橇和俯式雪橇。)”可知，文章介绍了雪橇运动在瑞士的发展，因此最好的题目是B选项“HowdidsleddingdevelopinSwitzerland?(滑雪橇是如何在瑞士发展起来的？)”，故选B。DNotplaisaLondon-basedfirmthatmakesaseaweed-basedsubstituteforsingleuseplasticpackaging.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

57AlthoughsomeofNotpla'sproductsaresuitabletobeeaten,theyaredesignedtobedissolved(溶解)afterusage.Thecompanysfilmwrapismadeofseaweedlininginsteadofaconventionalplasticbasedcoating.Thismakesthefilmfullybiodegradableandidealforuseaspackagingforcupboardandbathroomsupplieslikecoffeeandtoiletpaper.AccordingtotheUnitedNations,331millionkilogramsofplasticgarbageisproducedannuallyaroundtheworld.Roughly60%oftheestimated9.15billiontonsofplasticproducedsincetheearly1950shasbeentakentolandfillsorabandonedoutdoors.Plasticsharmthewater,theair,andourbodies.Manyexpertsagreethatsingle-useplasticsareunnecessaryanddangerous.SomegovernmentsandtownsintheUniteStateshavetakenaction.NewYorkhasbannedmostplasticshoppingbags,whileplasticstraws(吸管)havebeenbannedinMiamiBeach.Overseas,IndiastatedinAugustthatitplanstoputawidebanonsingle-useplasticsthisupcomingsummer,withtheEuropeanUnionalreadyimplementingthisban.Seaweedcomesinavarietyofspeciesandcanbeharvestedorfarmed.Notplausesplantsthathavebeenfarmed.RodrigoGarciaGonzalezandPierrePaslie,theinventorsofNotpla,initiallyconsideredseaweedasasolutiontotheworld'splasticproblemforseveralreasons.Seaweedisabundantandgrowsquickly.Additionallyitdoesn'tcompetewithlandcropsandishighlyfavoredforitsabilitytoremovesomewasteproductslikecarbonfromtheatmosphere.IncooperationwiththeonlinefoodorderingserviceJustEat,thestartuprecentlytesteditsproduct.Lastyear,thetwocompanieshandedout30,000takeawayboxesatvariousUKrestaurants.PlansareintheworkstooffertheboxesacrossEuropein2022.Notpla'steamintendstoreplacesingleuseplasticinthesupplychainmoregenerallyastheyscaleThecompanyrecognizesthedifficultyofsuchajobgiventhevolumeofplasticsconsumedaroundtheworld.12.Howdoestheauthormainlydevelopparagraph2?A.Bycomparingfacts.B.Bypresentingfigures.C.Byraisingquestions.D.Bygivingexamples.13.Whatcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"implementing"inparagraph3?A.Lifting.B.Protecting.C.Opposing.D.Performing.14.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Thewideuseofseaweed.B.Thenextgoalofthenewstudy.C.Thehugemarketoftheplasticbags.D.Theadvantagesofchoosingseaweed.15.Whatdoesthecompanythinkofitsplantoreplacethewholesingleuseplastic?A.Itwillbeunpractical.B.Itwillberichlyrewarded.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

58C.Itwillbealittletough.D.Itwillberathersuccessful.【12~15题答案】【答案】12.B13.D14.D15.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Notpla研究生产的以海藻为基础的一次性塑料包装替代品，介绍了其意义、可行性及前景。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“AccordingtotheUnitedNations,331millionkilogramsofplasticgarbageisproducedannuallyaroundtheworld.Roughly60%oftheestimated9.15billiontonsofplasticproducedsincetheearly1950shasbeentakentolandfillsorabandonedoutdoors.(据联合国统计，全球每年产生3.31亿公斤塑料垃圾。自20世纪50年代初以来，估计生产了91.5亿吨塑料，其中大约60%被送到了垃圾填埋场或被丢弃在户外)”可知，作者引用了大量的数据去说明全球塑料垃圾的庞大数量及其处理方式，所以作者是通过列举数据进行段落安排的。故选B项。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Overseas,IndiastatedinAugustthatitplanstoputawidebanonsingle-useplasticsthisupcomingsummer,withtheEuropeanUnionalreadyimplementingthisban.(在海外，印度8月份表示，计划在即将到来的夏天全面禁止使用一次性塑料，欧盟已经implementing了这一禁令)”可知，印度和欧盟都准备或已经禁止使用一次性塑料，再结合划线后的“禁令”可知，implement的含义应为“实施”，与perform“执行”的含义接近。故选D项。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Seaweedcomesinavarietyofspeciesandcanbeharvestedorfarmed.Notplausesplantsthathavebeenfarmed.RodrigoGarciaGonzalezandPierrePaslie,theinventorsofNotpla,initiallyconsideredseaweedasasolutiontotheworld'splasticproblemforseveralreasons.Seaweedisabundantandgrowsquickly.Additionallyitdoesn'tcompetewithlandcropsandishighlyfavoredforitsabilitytoremovesomewasteproductslikecarbonfromtheatmosphere.(海藻种类繁多，可以收获或养殖。Notpla使用种植过的植物。诺普拉(Notpla)的发明者RodrigoGarciaGonzalez和PierrePaslie最初认为海藻可以解决世界塑料问题，原因有几个。海藻丰富，生长迅速。此外，它不与土地作物竞争，并因其从大气中清除碳等废物的能力而备受青睐)”可知，本段主要介绍了使用海藻为原料所具备的优势。故选D项。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thecompanyrecognizesthedifficultyofsuchajobgiventhevolumeofplasticsconsumedaroundtheworld.(考虑到全球塑料消耗量，该公司承认这一工作难度)”可知，因为全球塑料消耗巨大，所以该公司认为要完全替代一次性塑料的计划是存在困难的。故选C项。公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

59一、广东顺德·一模第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWeallgetanxious.Whileanxietyisanormalhumanemotionfeltbyallpeopleatsomepointoranother,anxietydisorderscanmakecertainaspectsoflifeunmanageable,suchassocialsituationsortest-takingatschool.It’simportantforeachpersontofindadailyroutineandtreatmentapproachthatworksforthem.Self-helpbooksthattargetanxietymanagementcanbeaveryusefulpartofthetreatmentjourney.Herearethebestofthem.BeCalmDesignedtobeusedmoreasareferencebookratherthanasa“sitdownandread”book,“BeCalm”istheresultoftechniquesthatauthorandpsychologistDr.JillWeberhasseenworkforherpatientsafteryearsofobservation.Thebookcanhelpyoufindrelieffromheightenedanxietyquicklybyusingthereferenceguidetofindoptionsforreliefatthemoment.FeelingBetterIttargetsteenissuesspecifically.Pressuresfromschool,peers,andfuturegoalscancreateconfusion,stress,andanxiety.Understandingandimplementingpositivestressmanagementtechniquescanhelpteenagersavoidfallingintoself-destructivestressmanagementpatterns.Itcontainsessentialskillsandactivitiestohelpteensmanagemoods,boostself-esteem,andconqueranxiety.DareTheauthorBarryMcDonaghisatrainedphysicianwithawealthofexperiencetreatingandmanaginganxietydisorders.Histechniqueswillhelpyouminimizeyourpanicattacksaswellasgiveyouthecouragetofaceanyanxiousmoments.Healsorecommendstherightsupplementsthatyoucantaketorelieveyouranxietyandgainyourconfidenceback.DBT®SkillsThisisoneofthebooksphysiciansrecommendforanxiety.Itcontainsdifferenthandoutsandworksheetsthatgiveyoudetailedprocedurestohandleanxiety.Notonlycanthesehandoutsandworksheetsbeusedbyprofessionalsintreatinganxietybutalsotheyarewritteninaneasytoreadandunderstandmannersothatyoucaneasilyunderstandit.1.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tosharebooksforanxiety.B.Torecommendphysicians.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

60C.Toexplaincausesofanxiety.D.Togiveadvicetopatients.2.Whichbookisespeciallyhelpfulforteenagers?A.Dare.B.FeelingBetter.C.BeCalm.D.DBT®Skills.3.WhatdoweknowaboutDBT®Skills?A.Itiswrittenbyphysicians.B.Itworksbestforprofessionals.C.Ithaspracticalworksheets.D.Itincludestheauthor’sexperiences.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【解析】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了可以治疗焦虑的几本书籍。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“It’simportantforeachpersontofindadailyroutineandtreatmentapproachthatworksforthem.Self-helpbooksthattargetanxietymanagementcanbeaveryusefulpartofthetreatmentjourney.Herearethebestofthem.”（对每个人来说，找到一个适合自己的日常生活和治疗方法是很重要的。针对焦虑管理的自助书籍是治疗过程中非常有用的一部分。以下是最好的书籍。）由此判断出，这篇课文的目的是分享治疗焦虑的书籍。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据FeelingBetter中的“Ittargetsteenissuesspecifically.”（它专门针对青少年问题）由此可知，FeelingBetter对青少年特别有帮助。故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据DBT®Skills中的“Itcontainsdifferenthandoutsandworksheetsthatgiveyoudetailedprocedurestohandleanxiety.”（它包含了不同的讲义和工作表，介绍给你详细的处理焦虑的程序。）由此可知，DBT®Skills有实用的工作表。故选C项。BMadisonstaredthroughthewindowandwatchedapuffywhitecloudpassoverthewoodsacrossfromtheschool.Itmustbewonderfultobeabird,shethought.Totalfreedom.Nomathclasstositin,andherdayswouldbespentonhorseback.Shethoughtofherhorse,Star.“Madison.Couldyoupleasejoinusagain?”Mrs.Smithsaid.“Iwasjustaskingtheclassifanyonehadanyproblemswiththehomeworkassignment.”“Well,Ididn’thaveanyproblemsdoingit,butIhadproblemsrememberingtoputitinmyschoolbagafterIdidit.”Somegigglingspreadthroughtheroom.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

61“Madison.Idon’tknowwhatIamgoingtodowithyou.You’resuchasmartgirlbutyoujustdon’tapplyyourself.Class,clearyourdesks.OurguestishereandwelcomeDoctorLandon.Heisaveterinarian(兽医).HecameheretodayaspartofourcontinuedCareerExplorationsProgram.”MadisontriedtofocusasDoctorLandontalkedabouthowimportantgradeswereandhowhestruggledwithmathwhenhewasakid.DoctorLandonwasstilltalkingbutshelosttrackofwhathewassaying.Thenawordcaughtherattention.Horse.Washetalkingabouthorses?Gradually,MadisonknewDoctorLandonhadcometohertownandhousewhenherhorse,Star,neededcare.Shelikeditthatheevenknewherhorse’sname.“So,youjusttravelaroundandtakecareofhorsesalldaylong?”DoctorLandonnodded.“Itravelwithmytrucktotakecareofhorsesandponiesacrossthecounty.Itisalotofwork,butIloveit.”Madison’smouthfellopen.Whatalifethatmustbe,shethought.Atthatmoment,sittinginclass,Madisoncouldseeherfutureandherlifesuddenlyseemedbigger.Bythetimeshegotoffthebusthatafternoon,herplansfortheafternoonhadchanged.ShewasstillgoingtorideStar,butfirstshewasgoingtospendanhourstudyingmath.Thentomorrowshe’dspendanhourstudyingscience.4.WhywasMadisoncalledbyMrs.Smithinclass?A.Becauseshehadproblemswithmath.B.Becauseshewasabsent-mindedinclass.C.Becauseshewasdistractedbythebirdsoutside.D.Becausesheforgottobringherhomeworkback.5.WhywasDoctorLandoninvitedtotheclass?A.Tocallforcareforanimals.B.Toenrichstudents’outdooractivities.C.Toemphasizetheimportanceofstudy.D.Tohelpstudentswiththeircareerchoices.6.WhatcanbeinferredaboutMadisonfromthelastparagraph?A.Shewasgreatlyinspired.B.Shepreferredmathtoscience.C.Shedidn’tbelieveLandon’sstory.D.Shechangedherhobbycompletely.7.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AnExcitingHorseRidingB.AnInterestingMathClassC.MadisonDreamsBigD.MadisonPursuesFreedom【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.C公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

62【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小女孩麦迪逊在数学课上总是心不在焉，在受到被邀请来帮助学生们进行职业选择的兰登医生的启发后，自己的行为发生巨大转变的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Madisonstaredthroughthewindowandwatchedapuffywhitecloudpassoverthewoodsacrossfromtheschool.Itmustbewonderfultobeabird,shethought.(麦迪逊凝视着窗外，看到一朵蓬松的白云在学校对面的树林里飘过。她想，做一只鸟一定很奇妙)”及第四段中的“You’resuchasmartgirlbutyoujustdon’tapplyyourself.(你是个很聪明的女孩，但就是不用功)”可知，麦迪逊在课堂上被史密斯太太叫了一声，因为她上课心不在焉。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“HecameheretodayaspartofourcontinuedCareerExplorationsProgram.(他今天来到这里，是我们继续职业探索项目的一部分)”可知，兰登医生被邀请来上课来帮助学生们进行职业选择。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Madison’smouthfellopen.Whatalifethatmustbe,shethought.Atthatmoment,sittinginclass,Madisoncouldseeherfutureandherlifesuddenlyseemedbigger.Bythetimeshegotoffthebusthatafternoon,herplansfortheafternoonhadchanged.ShewasstillgoingtorideStar,butfirstshewasgoingtospendanhourstudyingmath.Thentomorrowshe’dspendanhourstudyingscience.(麦迪逊张大了嘴。那该是怎样的一种生活啊，她想。就在那一刻，坐在教室里的麦迪逊看到了自己的未来，她的生活突然变得更美好了。那天下午她下车的时候，她下午的计划已经改变了。她还是要骑星际，但首先她要花一个小时学习数学。然后明天她会花一个小时学习科学)”可推知，麦迪逊深受鼓舞，行为也发生了巨大改变。故选A。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Itmustbewonderfultobeabird,shethought.(她想，做一只鸟一定很奇妙)”及最后一段中的“Madison’smouthfellopen.Whatalifethatmustbe,shethought.Atthatmoment,sittinginclass,Madisoncouldseeherfutureandherlifesuddenlyseemedbigger.(麦迪逊张大了嘴。那该是怎样的一种生活啊，她想。就在那一刻，坐在教室里的麦迪逊看到了自己的未来，她的生活突然变得更美好了)”可知，全文讲述了麦迪逊对自己生活的梦想。由此可知，MadisonDreamsBig(麦迪逊的远大梦想)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。CWouldyousailover12,900kilometresacrossthePacificOceaninaboatmadefromplasticbottles?In2010,acrewofsixpeopledid.TheysailedonthePlastiki,an18.3-metreboatmadefromrecycledmaterials.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

63EverythingaboutthePlastikiwasenvironmentallyfriendly.Thesailswereproducedfromrecycledplasticandthemaststhatheldthemfromusedaluminumpipes.Organicmaterials,suchasgluemadefromnutsandsugar,wereusedtokeepthebottlesinplace.Topowertheboat,solarpanelsandwindturbineswereused.Duringthejourney,crewmemberslivedinaplasticcabin.Theirdailyroutineconsistedofsleeping,eatinganddoingchores.Forfood,theymainlysurvivedonfreshvegetablesgrowninahanginggardenaswellascannedanddriedfood.Theyalsoatefreshfish,butweresurprisedtodiscoverthattheyfoundmoreplasticthanfish.“Fromabove,theoceansstilllookbeautifulanduntouched,”Davidsaid,“butjustbelowthesurfaceisthistoxicstewthatcouldquicklyenduponourdinnerplates.”Theleader,David,organisedthevoyageinordertodrawpeople’sattentiontotheenvironmentaldangersouroceansfaceandtheneedtorecycleplastic.Heplannedtovisitdamagedcoralreefsandislandsindangerfromrisingsealevels.However,hismostimportantobjectivewastoseetheGreatPacificGarbagePatch,ahugemassofplasticparticlesfloatingintheNorthPacific.Davidhopedthat,bysailingthroughthePatch,hecouldshowtheworldhowseriousplasticpollutionhadbecome.Unfortunately,thePlastikiwasmoredifficulttocontrolthanexpected.Therefore,theboatmisseditsmaindestination.However,thecrewdidmakestopsatislandsinthemid-Pacific,wheretheypickedupsuppliesandtalkedtolocalstudents.Alongtheway,theybattledfierceoceanstorms,tornsailsandtemperaturesthatreachedupto38°C.WhenthePlastikifinallysailedintoSydney’sharbour,thecrewweregreetedbycheers.ThePlastiki’sjourneyhadshownthatifweunderstandhowtousewastematerialsefficiently,theycanbetransformedintovaluableresources.Ithadalsorevealedthatitwasmoreimportantthanevertodeliveraseriousmessage:ouroceansarefillingupwithplasticfasterthanwethought.8.WhatwasspecialaboutthePlastiki?A.Ithadhigh-techequipment.B.Itwasmadeofgreenmaterials.C.ItoncecrossedthePacificOcean.D.Ithadaprofessionalcrewonit.9.WhatwasthepurposeofthePlastiki’svoyage?A.Toprotectendangeredoceanlife.B.Totestthesafetyofanewboat.C.Tostoppeopleusingplasticproducts.D.Tohighlighttheplasticwasteproblem.10.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPlastiki’svoyage?A.Boringbutcarbon-free.B.Controversialbutfruitful.C.Aimlessbutcomfortable.D.Challengingbutsignificant.11.Whatmessageisconveyedinthelastparagraph?A.Limitedresourcesshouldbevalued.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

64B.Actionsmustbetakenbyindividuals.C.Plasticwastecanbeturnedintotreasure.D.Environmentalproblemscanbeeasilysolved.【答案】8.B9.D10.D11.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了2010年，一组六人的船员乘坐回收的塑料瓶制成的船穿越太平洋的故事。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“TheysailedonthePlastiki,an18.3-metreboatmadefromrecycledmaterials.EverythingaboutthePlastikiwasenvironmentallyfriendly.Thesailswereproducedfromrecycledplasticandthemaststhatheldthemfromusedaluminumpipes.Organicmaterials,suchasgluemadefromnutsandsugar,wereusedtokeepthebottlesinplace.(他们乘坐的是由回收材料制成的长18.3米的船Plastiki号。Plastiki号的一切都是环保的。帆是用回收塑料制成的，桅杆是用用过的铝管制成的。有机材料，如坚果和糖制成的胶水，被用来保持瓶子的位置)”可知，Plastiki号是由绿色材料（环保材料）制成的。故选B项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“However,hismostimportantobjectivewastoseetheGreatPacificGarbagePatch,ahugemassofplasticparticlesfloatingintheNorthPacific.Davidhopedthat,bysailingthroughthePatch,hecouldshowtheworldhowseriousplasticpollutionhadbecome.(然而，他最重要的目标是查看大太平洋垃圾带，北太平洋上漂浮着大量的塑料颗粒。大卫希望，通过航行穿过这个地方，他可以向世界展示塑料污染有多严重)”可知，他们航行的目的是强调塑料垃圾问题。故选D项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Unfortunately,thePlastikiwasmoredifficulttocontrolthanexpected.Therefore,theboatmisseditsmaindestination.However,thecrewdidmakestopsatislandsinthemid-Pacific,wheretheypickedupsuppliesandtalkedtolocalstudents.Alongtheway,theybattledfierceoceanstorms,tornsailsandtemperaturesthatreachedupto38°C.(不幸的是，Plastiki号比预期的更难控制。因此，船错过了它的主要目的地。然而，船员们在太平洋中部的岛屿停留，在那里他们拿起了补给，并与当地学生交谈。一路上，他们与猛烈的海洋风暴、撕裂的船帆和高达38摄氏度的气温作斗争)”以及最后一段中“ThePlastiki’sjourneyhadshownthatifweunderstandhowtousewastematerialsefficiently,theycanbetransformedintovaluableresources.(Plastiki号的航行告诉我们，如果我们知道如何有效地利用废物，它们就可以转化为有价值的资源)”可以推知，Plastiki号的航行具有挑战性但意义重大。故选D项。【11题详解】公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

65推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ThePlastiki’sjourneyhadshownthatifweunderstandhowtousewastematerialsefficiently,theycanbetransformedintovaluableresources.(Plastiki号的航行告诉我们，如果我们知道如何有效地利用废物，它们就可以转化为有价值的资源)”可推知，塑料垃圾可以变成财富。故选C项。DProstheticlimbs(义肢)havebeenaroundforalongtime.Theoldestknowndatesbackmorethan3,000years.Butprostheticswhichbehaveliketherealthing,aswellaslookinglikeit,arestillverymuchaworkinprogress.AndagroupatShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,inChina,havejustcomeupwithasignificantadvance—anaffordableprosthetichandthatnotonlyrespondslikearealonetosignalsfromthewearer’sbrain,butisalsoabletosignalbacktothebrainwhatitistouchinganddoing.GuGuoyingandhiscolleaguesdescribetheirinventioninNatureBiomedicalEngineering.Itsfingersaremadeofrigidtubes,connectedtoa3D-printedplasticpalm.Incontrasttocurrentmodels,whichareelectricallypowered,DrGu’shandispoweredpneumaticallybyapumpheldinawaistbag.Thisreducesitsweightbelow300grams—halfthatofsomecurrentmodels,andless,indeed,thantheweightofarealhand.Thebigadvanceisthatitdoesnotrequireinvasivesurgeryorelectronicimplantsintotheresiduallimbtocommunicatewiththeuser’sbrain.Sensorsontheskinrecordelectricalactivityfromtheremainingarmmuscles.Inanintactarm,thisactivitywouldtellthosemuscleshowtooperatethehand.DrGuandhiscolleaguescomparedtheefficacyoftheirinventionwiththatofexistingmodelsusingtestsincludingwriting,graspingandliftingobjects,liftingfoodtothemouth.Normally,theyfound,itworkedbetter—particularlyfordelicatetaskslikehandlingfragileobjects,pettingacatandshakinghands.TheotherattractionofDrGu’sinventionisthatitischeap.Thecomponentsitismadefromcostabout$500.Existingmodelsmaysellfor$10,000ormore.Ifit,orsomethingsimilar,goesintoproduction,thatwillpermitthetransformationofmanymoreofthelivesofthe5millionpeoplewhohavelostahand,orwerebornwithoutone,thanispossibleatthemoment.12.WhatmainlymakesDrGu’sprosthetichandlighter?A.Itisheldinawaistbag.B.Itismadeof3D-printingplastic.C.Itispoweredinadifferentway.D.Ithasspeciallydesignedfingers.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“efficacy”inparagraph4referto?A.Design.B.System.C.Construction.D.Performance.14.WhichmainlycontributestothewideruseofDrGu’sprosthetichand?A.Affordableprice.B.Smoothoperation.C.AdvancedtechnologyD.Strikingappearance.15.ThetextismainlyaboutDrGu’sprosthetichand’s________.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

66A.materialsB.advantagesC.inventionprocessD.researchteam【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。中国上海交通大学的一个研究小组刚刚提出了一项重大进展——一种价格合理的假手，它不仅能像真手一样对佩戴者大脑发出的信号做出反应，而且还能向大脑发出它正在触摸和做什么的信号。短文介绍了顾博士发明的假手的优势。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Incontrasttocurrentmodels,whichareelectricallypowered,DrGu’shandispoweredpneumaticallybyapumpheldinawaistbag.Thisreducesitsweightbelow300grams—halfthatofsomecurrentmodels,andless,indeed,thantheweightofarealhand.”（与目前的电动型号相比，顾博士发明的假手是由一个装在腰包里的泵气动驱动的。这使它的重量减少到300克以下——是目前一些型号的一半，而且实际上比一只真正的手的重量还要轻。）由此可知，它以不同的方式供给动力使得顾博士的假手更轻。故选C项。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段“DrGuandhiscolleaguescomparedtheefficacyoftheirinventionwiththatofexistingmodelsusingtestsincludingwriting,graspingandliftingobjects,liftingfoodtothemouth.”（顾博士和他的同事将他们发明的efficacy与现有型号的efficacy进行了比较，使用的测试包括书写、抓取和举起物体，以及将食物送到嘴里。）由此可知，此处测试的是功能或性能，可得出顾博士和他的同事们将他们的发明的性能与现有型号的性能进行了对比。由此可知，划线词efficacy的意思是“Performance(性能)”。故选D项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“TheotherattractionofDrGu’sinventionisthatitischeap.Thecomponentsitismadefromcostabout$500.Existingmodelsmaysellfor$10,000ormore.Ifit,orsomethingsimilar,goesintoproduction,thatwillpermitthetransformationofmanymoreofthelivesofthe5millionpeoplewhohavelostahand,orwerebornwithoutone,thanispossibleatthemoment.”（顾博士发明的另一个吸引人之处是它便宜。由其制成的部件价格约为500美元。现有型号的售价可能在10000美元或以上。如果它或类似的东西投入生产，这将使500万失去一只手或出生时没有一只手的人的生活可能发生比目前更多的变化。）由此可知，可支付的价格使得顾博士的假手得以更广泛的应用。故选A项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Incontrasttocurrentmodels,whichareelectricallypowered,DrGu’shandispoweredpneumaticallybyapumpheldinawaistbag.Thisreducesitsweightbelow300grams—halfthatofsomecurrentmodels,andless,indeed,thantheweightofarealhand.”（与目前的电动型号不同，顾博士发明的假手是由一个装在腰包里的泵气动驱动的。这使它的重量减少到300克以下——是目前一些型号的一半，而且实际上比一只真正的手的重量还要轻。），第三段“Thebigadvanceisthatitdoesnotrequireinvasivesurgeryorelectronic公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

67implantsintotheresiduallimbtocommunicatewiththeuser’sbrain.”（最大的进步是它不需要侵入性手术或电子植入残肢来与用户的大脑进行交流。），第四段“Normally,theyfound,itworkedbetter—particularlyfordelicatetaskslikehandlingfragileobjects,pettingacatandshakinghands.”（他们发现，通常情况下，假手工作的更好——特别是在处理易碎物品、抚摸猫和握手等精细任务中。），根据最后一段“TheotherattractionofDrGu’sinventionisthatitischeap.”（顾博士发明的另一个吸引人之处是它便宜）由此可知，短文主要介绍了顾博士发明的假手的优势。故选B项。一、广东广州·一模第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AScientificeducationaltoyscandevelopkid’sreasoning,problem-solvingandcriticalthinkingcapacityandimprovetheirhand-eyecoordination(协调).Butthemostpowerfulthingisthatthechildrenwillassociatelearningwithfun.Thatmeanstheywillgrowintoadultswithathirstforknowledgeandahighlydevelopedsetofskillsforlearning.Herearesomeofthebest:·ScienceKitYoucanguaranteetwothingsifyoubuyyourkidsone:alotoffunandalotofmess.It’sa20-piecekitthatteachesthebasicsofchemicalreactions.It’srecommendedforkidsaged6andabove,withadultcompany.Youdon’thavetobeascientist,sincethereisanactivitybookwithinstructionsforpossibleexperiments.·MiniTerraKitYoudon’thavetowaitforthesuntocomeouttoteachkidsaboutthenaturalworld.Thisall-inclusivekitisaminiaturegardenthatsimulatesanaturalenvironmentbyusingapowerfulLEDlight.Itincludesaterrariumjar,light-upjarlid,MicroUSBcharger,andallthenaturalingredientstogetstarted.Italsohasasimpleinstructionbookletthatyoucanworkthroughwithyourkids.·GravityRunThisclassicisnotjustaboutbuildingastructureandwatchingthemarblesgoupanddown.Thegamesaredesignedforkidsaged8+todevelopspatialawareness,planning,andreasoning.With60challenges(beginnertoexpert),thisaward-winninggamecanbeenjoyedbyallthefamily.Theexpertlevelsareactuallyquitechallenging,sobepreparedforsomefailures.·WeRoKitThisprize-winningrobottoyfeaturesover840pieces,aWeRoMoveHub,InteractiveMoto,andaDistance公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

68Sensor.Youcanbuilditinto5completelydifferentrobots,meaningendlessfunforthekidsandevenadults.Oncethey’vebuiltthecharacteroftheirchoice,theycanprogrammeittoperformcountlesstasksincludingwalkingandtalkingonitsown.1.Whatisthegreateststrengthofscientificeducationaltoys?A.Trainingyoungscientists.B.StimulatinglearningdesireC.Developinghand-eyecoordination.2.Whichtoysuitskidswhoenjoygrowingplants?A.SciencekillB.MiniTerraKit.C.GravityRun.D.WeRoKit.3.WhatisspecialaboutWeRoKit?A.Ithasdifferentlevels.B.Itistheonlyprize-winner.C.Itrequiresparentalguidance.D.Itinvolvesprogrammingskills.【1~3题答案】【答案】1.B2.B3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍4种有助于培养孩子们思维和动手能力的玩具。【1题详解】细节理解题。从原文首段第二句“Butthemostpowerfulthingisthatthechildrenwillassociatelearningwithfun.(但最重要的是，孩子们会把学习与乐趣联系在一起。)”可以看出科学教育玩具的最大优势是将玩和学联系起来，即激发学习欲望。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据MiniTerraKit部分的“Youdon’thavetowaitforthesuntocomeouttoteachkidsaboutthenaturalworld.Thisall-inclusivekitisaminiaturegardenthatsimulatesanaturalenvironmentbyusingapowerfulLEDlight.Itincludesaterrariumjar,light-upjarlid,MicroUSBcharger,andallthenaturalingredientstogetstarted.(你不必等到太阳出来才能教孩子们了解自然世界。这个工具包是一个微型花园，通过使用一个强大的LED灯来模拟自然环境。它包括一个玻璃罐，发光的瓶盖，微型USB充电器，和所有开始需要用的天然原料。)”可知，MiniTerraKit这个玩具可以让孩子接触自然世界。因此适合喜欢植物的孩子。故选B。公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

69【3题详解】细节理解题。根据WeRoKit部分的“Oncethey’vebuiltthecharacteroftheirchoice,theycanprogrammeittoperformcountlesstasksincludingwalkingandtalkingonitsown.(一旦他们建立了自己选择的角色，他们就可以对它进行编程，让它完成无数的任务，包括走路和说话。)”可知，WeRoKit的特别之处在于它涉及编程技能。故选D。BSometimesabookcomesalongthatisn’tjust“interesting”or“welldone”—it’sabookwhereitseemsliketheauthorlookedintoyourbrainandwroteabookspecificallyforyou.Abooklikethatformewasreleasedthisweek.It’scalled100ThingsWe’veLosttotheInternet,writtenbyeditorPamelaPaul.Paullists100thingsweusedtodothattheInternethaseitherchangedortakenovercompletely:writingletters,printnewspapers,thejoysofbeingbored,andhothavingalltheknowledgeintheworldinyourpocket.AsI’malongtimeaccumulatorofrandomknowledge,certainentriesonthelist—BeingtheOnlyOne,FiguringOutWhoThatActoris—hitmewherelive;rememberingdetailedfactsisnolongernearlyasimpressivewheneveryonehasthecapabilitytofindtheanswerinseconds.Onandonthelistgoes,witheveryminorshiftaddingtothepile.Whatthisbookdoessowellisillustratethegrowthofthatpile;whileanyindividualitemmightbenobigdeal,thecollectedsetissignificant.It’salistofwaysinwhichtheworldnowisdifferentfromtheworldthen.Obviously,Paulisn’tsayingthateverythingbackthenwasbetter.Timemarcheson,afterall.andit’stoughtoargueagainstthemanybenefitsthattheInternethasbroughtintoourlives.Butthatisn’treallythepoint.It’snotaboutwhetheritusedtobebetter.It’sthatitusedtobedifferent.100ThingsWe’veLosttotheInternetisafunreadforthoseofuswhosharesomeofPaul’smemoriesandexperiences.Werememberwhatitwaslikeandweliketoremember.Thelandscapehasshifted,andnodoubtitwillshiftagainastechnology’sadvancementcontinuesapace.Thisbookservesasareminderofthesimpletruththatwhengainsaremade,sometimessomethingislost.4.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toreviewandrecommendagoodread.B.TocommentontheeffectoftheInternet.C.Toarguefortheviewpointofanewbook.D.Tourgethereaderstovaluewhattheyhave.5.WhichmightbeentriesonPaul’slist?A.MapsandEyeContact.B.E-payandCompactDisks.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

70C.PostcardsandHomeschoolingD.BadPhotosandWashingMachines.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hitmewherellive”inparagraph3mean?A.ProvewhatI’mgoodat.B.IntroducehowIgrewup.C.DescribetheplaceIlivein.D.Speakoutwhatisonmymind.7.WhatconclusionhastheauthordrawnafterreadingPaul’sbook?A.Thingsinthepastarebetter.B.There’renogainswithoutpains.C.Theinternetisadouble-edgedsword.D.Technologyisconstantlychangingtheworld.【4~7题答案】【答案】4.A5.A6.D7.D【解析】本篇是一篇说明文，介绍一本名叫100ThingsWe’veLosttotheInternet的书。【4题详解】推断判断题。根据题目找主旨定位到文章第一段中“Abooklikethatformewasreleasedthisweek.It’scalled100ThingsWe’veLosttotheInternet,writtenbyeditorPamelaPaul(这周出版了一本类似的书。这是编辑帕梅拉·保罗所著的《我们被网络遗忘的100件事》)”可知本书由PamelaPaul所写，名叫100ThingsWe’veLosttotheInternet的书，后续的文段都在介绍此书，可知文章的目的是回顾并推荐一本好书。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Paullists100thingsweusedtodothattheInternethaseitherchangedortakenovercompletely:writingletters,printnewspapers,thejoysofbeingbored,andhothavingalltheknowledgeintheworldinyourpocket.(保罗列出了100件我们曾经做过的事情，这些事情不是被互联网改变了就是被互联网完全接管了：写信、印刷报纸、享受无聊的乐趣，以及把世界上所有的知识都装进你的口袋)”可知，地图和眼神交流被互联网改变了，会出现在他的清单上。故选A。【6题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“rememberingdetailedfactsisnolongernearlyasimpressivewheneveryonehasthecapabilitytofindtheanswerinseconds.(当每个人都能在几秒钟内找到答案时，记住详细的事实就不再那么令人印象深刻了)”可知作为一个长时间收集各种随机知识的人，清单上的一些内容打动了我，说出了我心中所想。故选D。【7题详解】推断判断题。根据最后一段“Timemarcheson,afterall.andit’stoughtoargueagainstthemanybenefitsthatthe公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

71Internethasbroughtintoourlives.Butthatisn’treallythepoint.It’snotaboutwhetheritusedtobebetter.It’sthatitusedtobedifferent.(毕竟，时间在前进。很难反驳互联网给我们生活带来的诸多好处。但这不是重点。这与过去是否更好无关。就是与以前不一样。)”可知，这本书在强调技术带来的变化。故选D。CDiscoveriesatthefamousSanxingduiruinsinSouthwestChinashowthattheregion’sancientShuKingdomCivilizationsharedsimilaritieswiththeMaya.TheSanxingduiruinsbelongedtotheShuKingdomthatexistedatleast4,800yearsagoandlastedmorethan2,000years,whiletheMayancivilizationbuiltitscity-statesaround200AD.Thebronze-maderemainsoftressunearthedattheruinsoftheShuKingdomresemblethesacredceibatree,whichsymbolizedtheunionofheaven,earthandtheunderworldintheMayancivilization.“Theyareveryimportantsimilarities,”saysSantos,aMexicanarchaeologist(考古学家)stressingthat“therepresentationsoftressinbothculturesprovideasymbolismthatisverysimilar”.ThefindingsattheSanxingduiruins,consideredoneofthegreatestarchaeologicaldiscoveriesofthe20thcentury,alsoshowanewaspectofBronzeAgeculture,indicatingtheancientcivilizationalreadyhadtechnologiesthatwerethoughttohavebeendevelopedmuchlater.WhilethelimespanbetweentheShukingdomandtheMayancultureisgreat,thefindingshighlighttheclosenessbetweenthetwocivilizations.Theydevelopedinareaswithcomparableclimatesandreflectedtheirworldviewthroughrelatedsymbols.“Intheend,manisstillman,independentoftimeandspace.Whatwehaveisthat,atthislatitude(纬度),boththeShupeopleandtheMayanslookedatthesameskyandhadthesamestarsonthehorizon,”theexpertsays.OnenotablefeatureoftherecentdiscoveriesatSanxingduiwasthecross-subjectworkandtechnologyappliedbyteamsofChinesearchaeologists,whichallowedtheunearthingofartifactsasfragileassilkremains,whichothertypesoflesscarefuldiggingmethodswouldnothavebeenabletoregister.CooperationbetweenChineseandMexicanarchaeologistscouldbenefitprojectsintheMayanworld,wheretherainyclimateandhumidityareproblematicfortheconservationofruins.“Everytimeourculturalknowledgeincreases,regardlessofwhetherwespeakonelanguageoranother,whatitshowsusisthatwecontinuetobesisterculturesand,therefore,theexchangeofsuchknowledgeisfundamental,”saysSantos.8.WhatisasimilaritybetweentheShuKingdomandMayacivilization?A.Theirstartingtime.B.Theirhistoricalorigins.C.Theirculturalsymbols.D.Theirceremonytraditions.9.ThefindingsattheSanxingduiruinshaveprovedthat______.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

72A.silkwasacommonclothingmaterialthenB.sometechnologiesweredevelopedmuchearlierC.theBronzeAgestartedearlierthanpreviouslyassumedD.theShuKingdomandtheMayanworldhadclosecontact10.Whatisacommonchallengefortheconservationofbothruins?A.Dampweather.B.Positioningofruins.C.Highlatitude.D.Languagebarriers.11.WhatisthefocusofSantosquoteinthelastparagraph?A.ThefutureoftheChina-Mexicocooperation.B.Thebenefitsofspeakingadifferentlanguage.C.Theimportanceoftheexchangeofculturalknowledge.D.TheincreasingsisterhoodinculturebetweenChinaandMexico.【8~11题答案】【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍关于三星堆遗址的考古发现。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段““Theyareveryimportantsimilarities,”saysSantos,aMexicanarchaeologist(考古学家)stressingthat“therepresentationsoftressinbothculturesprovideasymbolismthatisverysimilar”.(“它们有非常重要的相似之处，”墨西哥考古学家桑托斯说，并强调“两种文化中对树木的描绘提供了一种非常相似的象征意义”。)”可知，古蜀文明与玛雅文明相似之处在于他们的文化象征。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“ThefindingsattheSanxingduiruins,consideredoneofthegreatestarchaeologicaldiscoveriesofthe20thcentury,alsoshowanewaspectofBronzeAgeculture,indicatingtheancientcivilizationalreadyhadtechnologiesthatwerethoughttohavebeendevelopedmuchlater.(三星堆遗址的发现，被认为是20世纪最伟大的考古发现之一，也展示了青铜时代文化的一个新方面，表明古代文明已经拥有被认为是很久以后才发展起来的技术。)”可推断，三星堆遗址的发现证明了有的技术其实更早就发展起来了。故选B。公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

73【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“CooperationbetweenChineseandMexicanarchaeologistscouldbenefitprojectsintheMayanworld,wheretherainyclimateandhumidityareproblematicfortheconservationofruins.(中国和墨西哥考古学家之间的合作可能有利于玛雅世界的项目，那里多雨的气候和湿度对遗址的保护是一个问题。)”可知，这两个遗址的保护面临的共同挑战是潮湿天气。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Everytimeourculturalknowledgeincreases,regardlessofwhetherwespeakonelanguageoranother,whatitshowsusisthatwecontinuetobesisterculturesand,therefore,theexchangeofsuchknowledgeisfundamental,”saysSantos.(桑托斯说：“每当我们的文化知识增加时，无论我们说的是一种语言还是另一种语言，它都向我们表明，我们仍然是姐妹文化，因此，此类知识的交流是基础。”)”可推断，在最后一段中桑托斯引用的重点是说明文化知识交流的重要性。故选C。DSeveralyearsago,JasonBox,ascientistfromOhio,flew31giantrollsofwhiteplastictoaglacier(冰川)inGreenland.Heandhisteamspreadthemacross10,000feetofice,thenleft.Hisideawasthatthewhiteblanketwouldreflectbacktheraysofthesun,keepingtheicecoolbelow.Whenhecamebacktochecktheresults,hefounditworked.Exposedicehadmeltedfasterthancoveredice.Hehadnotonlysavedtwofeetofglacierinashorttime.Nocoalplantswereshutdown,nojobswerelost,andnobodywastaxedorfired.Justthesortoffixwe’relookingfor.“Thankyou,butnothankyou.”saysRalphKing,aclimatescientist.HetoldGreyChilds.authorandcommentator,thatpeoplethinktechnologycansavetheplanet,“butthereareotherthingsweneedtodealwith,likeconsumption.Theyburned$50,000justforthehelicopter”tobringtheplastictotheglacier.Thisexperiment,quote-unquote,givespeoplefalsehopethatclimatechangecanbefixedwithoutchanginghumanbehavior.Itcan’t.Technologywon’tgiveusafreeride.Individualsrespondtoclimatechangedifferently.ClimatologistKellySmithishardlyaloneinherpredictionthatsomedaysoonwewon’tbeclimatevictims,wewillbeclimateChoosers.Morescientistsagreewithherthatifthehumanracesurvives.Theengineerswillgetsmarter,thetoolswillgetbetter,andonedaywewillcontroltheclimate.butthatthen?“Justthementionofuscontrollingtheclimatesentasmallshiverdownmyback,Greywrites.”“Somethingsoundedwrongaboutstoppingicebyourownwill,”hesays.Me?Ilikeitbetterwhentheearthtakescareofitself,Iguessonedaywewillhavetoruntheplace,butforthemoment,sittingatmydesk,lookingoutatthetreesbendingwildlyandthewindhowling,I’mhappynottobeincharge.12.WhydoestheauthormentionJasonBox’sexperimentinthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroduceapossiblesolutiontoclimatechange.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

74B.Todescribeamisleadingattempttofixtheclimate.C.Toreportonasuccessfulexperimentonsavingtheglacier.D.Toarousepeople’sattentiontotheproblemofglobalwarming.13.WhichstatementwouldRalphKingmostprobablyagreewith?A.Thefightagainstclimatechangewillnotsucceed.B.Technologyisnotthefinalsolution,letaloneitshighcost.C.It’sbesttodealwithclimatechangewithoutchangingourbehavior.D.Jason’sexperimentplaysasignificantroleinfixingclimatechange.14.WhatisGreyChilds’sattitudetohuman’scontrollingtheclimate?A.FavorableB.TolerantC.Doubtful.D.Unclear.15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Butshouldwefixtheclimate?B.Isclimatechangearealproblem?C.Howcanwetakecareoftheearth?D.Whatifalltheglaciersdisappeared?【12~15题答案】【答案】12.B13.B14.C15.A【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是几位科学家对控制气候变化的论述。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Severalyearsago,JasonBox,ascientistfromOhio,flew31giantrollsofwhiteplastictoaglacier(冰川)inGreenland.Heandhisteamspreadthemacross10,000feetofice,thenleft.Hisideawasthatthewhiteblanketwouldreflectbacktheraysofthesun,keepingtheicecoolbelow.(几年前，来自俄亥俄州的科学家贾森·博克斯将31卷巨大的白色塑料飞到了格陵兰岛的一座冰川上。他和他的团队把它们铺在一万英尺的冰面上，然后离开。他的想法是，白色的塑料会反射太阳光，保持下面的冰凉爽。)”和第二段的“Thisexperiment,quote-unquote,givespeoplefalsehopethatclimatechangecanbefixedwithoutchanginghumanbehavior.Itcan’t.Technologywon’tgiveusafreeride.(这个实验给了人们错误的希望，认为气候变化可以在不改变人类行为的情况下得到解决。它不能。科技不会让我们搭便车。)”可知，第一段介绍了一个名叫JasonBox的科学家做了一个试验，尝试用白色塑料覆盖冰川，以达到保护冰川的目的。从而引出后文对人类干预气候的可行性的探讨，因此作者在第一段提到JasonBox的实验描述一种具有误导性的试图解决气候问题的尝试。故选B。公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

75【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Theyburned$50,000justforthehelicopter”tobringtheplastictotheglacier.Thisexperiment,quote-unquote,givespeoplefalsehopethatclimatechangecanbefixedwithoutchanginghumanbehavior.Itcan’t.Technologywon’tgiveusafreeride.(他们花了5万美元买了一架“把塑料运到冰川”的直升机。这个实验给了人们错误的希望，认为气候变化可以在不改变人类行为的情况下得到解决。它不能。科技不会让我们搭便车。)”可知，拉尔夫·金最可能同意技术并不是最终的解决方案，更不用说其高昂的成本了。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Somethingsoundedwrongaboutstoppingicebyourownwill(按照我们自己的意愿阻止结冰，听起来有些不对劲。)”可知GreyChilds对人类控制气候的态度是怀疑的，故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。第一段的“Severalyearsago,JasonBox,ascientistfromOhio,flew31giantrollsofwhiteplastictoaglacier(冰川)inGreenland.Heandhisteamspreadthemacross10,000feetofice,thenleft.(几年前，来自俄亥俄州的科学家贾森·博克斯(JasonBox)将31卷巨大的白色塑料飞到了格陵兰岛的一座冰川上。他和他的团队把它们铺在一万英尺的冰面上，然后离开。)”引出控制气候变化的极端例子，之后列举不同的科学家对于控制气候的观点，最后一段“Me?Ilikeitbetterwhentheearthtakescareofitself,Iguessonedaywewillhavetoruntheplace,butforthemoment,sittingatmydesk,lookingoutatthetreesbendingwildlyandthewindhowling,I’mhappynottobeincharge.(我吗?我更喜欢地球自己照顾自己的时候，我想有一天我们将不得不管理这个地方，但此刻，坐在我的办公桌前，看着树木疯狂地弯曲，风咆哮着，我很高兴自己不再是负责人。)”作者提出更喜欢地球自己照料自己，也即反对人类控制气候，因此本文主要讲的是人类是否应该控制气候，因此A选项“Butshouldwefixtheclimate?(但是我们应该解决气候问题吗？)”可概括本文主要内容，可作为最好的题目，故选A。一、广东茂名·一模第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AParisisthemostwoodedcityinEurope,andaroundonequarterofitsareaistakenupbyparks,gardensand公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

76othergreenspaces.JardindesPlantes:over28hectaresThisimpressivebotanicalgardenishometofourmuseums,includingtheNaturalHistoryMuseum,whichhousesavarietyofAfricananimals.Thegardensthemselvesboastthousandsofspeciesofplants.Thisisalovelyplacetorelaxandexplorethebeautifulsurroundings.ParcdesButtes-Chaumont:over24hectaresIfyouwanttogetoffthetouristtrailandhangoutwithtrueParisians,thisparkistheperfectspotforarelaxingpicnicoraleisurelywander.Itisinthe19thdistrictandisoneofthelargestparksinParis.Crossitslakeonthesuspensionbridge,oradmirethewaterfallsandattractivetemples.JardinduLuxembourg:over25hectaresThesebeautifulgardenswerefirstlaidoutin1612asthegardensoftheLuxembourgPalace.Theyincludeageometricforest,FrenchandEnglishstylegardens,aswellasalargepond.Thereissomuchtoseeanddowithactivitiesespeciallyforchildren,suchasslides,ridesandpuppetshows,aswellasleisureandsportingactivitiesforadults.Thegardensarehometomorethanonehundredsculptures.LeParcdelaVillette:55hectaresThisurbanculturalparkissomuchmorethanjustaparkasitishometonumerousmusicvenues,exhibitionspacesandcafes.Itisalsohometonolessthan12gardens,whichallfollowdifferentthemes.ThePassengerGardens,forexample,whicharebuiltonwhatwasoncethesheepmarket,supportavarietyofecosystems,demonstratingtheimportanceofbiodiversity.1.Whichgreenspaceprobablysuitsstudentswhoareinterestedinbotany?A.JardindesPlantes.B.ParcdesButtes-Chaumont.C.JardinduLuxembourg.D.LeParcdelaVillette.2.WhichisspecialaboutJardinduLuxembourg?A.Theyusedtoberoyalgardens.B.TheyareParisianfavouritegardens.C.TheyfeatureAmericanstylegardens.D.TheyhouseavarielyofAfricananimals.3.WhatcanvisitorsdoinLeParcdelaVillette?A.Visitingmuseums.B.Attendingconcerts.C.Admiringwaterfalls.D.Watchingpuppetshows.【答案】1.A2.A3.B【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了巴黎市内的一些公园、花园和绿地。公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

77【1题详解】细节理解题。根据JardindesPlantes这一段中“Thegardensthemselvesboastthousandsofspeciesofplants(花园本身就有数千种植物)”可知，在JardindesPlantes中有许多植物。即爱好植物学的学生会喜欢这里。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据JardinduLuxembourg中“Thesebeautifulgardenswerefirstlaidoutin1612asthegardensoftheLuxembourgPalace.(这些美丽的花园最初是在1612年被设计成卢森堡皇宫的花园)”可知，JardinduLuxembourg的独特之处在于它曾是皇宫的花园。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据LeParcdelaVillette这一段中“Thisurbanculturalparkissomuchmorethanjustaparkasitishometonumerousmusicvenues,exhibitionspacesandcafes.(这座城市文化公园不仅仅是一个公园，因为它是众多音乐场所、展览空间和咖啡馆的家园)”可知，在这个公园内可以参加音乐会。故选B。BIbecameawareofmystutter(结巴)whenIwasaround9,inthefourthgrade.Ibegantoseehowotherpeopleviewedme.Whentheteacheraskedthewholeclassquestions,IneverraisedmyhandthoughIknewtheanswer,becauseIknewIwouldstutter.SomekidswouldtellmethatItalkedfunny,askwhyIdidn'ttalknormally,orlaughatme.Assoonasthatstartedtohappen,Ibecamemoreintroverted(内向的).Itwasn'tuntilthesummerof2015,beforefreshmanyearathighschool.Allmyfriendsandmyparentsencouragedmetojointhehighschoolfootballteam.Iowedmuchtothem,especiallyCoachLanewhotaughtmehowtoplayfootball.Hetookthetime-andhadthepatience-toactuallyteachmewhattodo,howtodoitandhowtounderstandtheconceptsofplay.Injunioryear,Istartedmyfirstgameforthehighschoolteam.IhadaverygoodseasonandinJanuary2018,IsignedtheUniversityofNorthCarolina.Theolderweget,themoreofanunderstandingwehaveabouttheworldandotherpeople.SothefirsttimemyteammatesincollegeheardmetalkandheardthatIstuttered,theydidnotsayathing.ThatwasabigdealtomebecauseIwassousedtopeoplemakingcomments.Myteammatesactuallytellmetoslowdownbecausetalkingfastercausesmetostuttermore.It'sreallyhelpedmedevelopconfidence.WheneverIgobackhometoGeorgia,Ivolunteerwithchildrenatmychurch,includingthosewhohavelearningdisabilities.Iliketodothattoinspirethemwithconfidence.IhadconfidenceissueswhenIwasakidbecauseofmystutter,soIjustdon'twantthemtohavetogothroughwhatIdid.Inthefuture,Iwouldliketostartafoundationtogivebacktopeoplewhostutterandcreateaprogramwherekidsallacrosstheworldwhohaveastuttercanhaveasafespace.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

784.WhydidNOTtheauthorraisehishandinclass?A.Hedidn'tknowtheanswer.B.Hewastooshytospeakinpublic.C.Hewasupsetaboutkids'comments.D.Heshowednointerestinthequestion.5Whatwasonecauseoftheauthor'sdecisiontoplayfootball?A.Guidancefromcoaches.B.Greatinterestinfootball.C.Expectationsfromparents.D.Encouragementfromfriends.6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor?A.Gratefulandcaring.B.Helpfulandtalkative.C.Athleticandgenerous.D.Confidentandpatient.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AnUnconfidentChildB.AnIntrovertedVolunteerC.AnAdmirableCoachD.AnInspiringFootballer【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己小时候结巴，变得内向。上了高中，在朋友们的鼓励下加入学校足球队。后来在大学，他变得自信，学会了帮助其他人。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“SomekidswouldtellmethatItalkedfunny,askwhyIdidn'ttalknormally,orlaughatme.(一些孩子会说我讲话滑稽，问我为什么不能正常讲话，或者嘲笑我)”可知，作者上课堂上不举手是因为害怕孩子们的评论。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Allmyfriendsandmyparentsencouragedmetojointhehighschoolfootballteam.(我的所有朋友和我的父母都鼓励我加入高中足球队)”可知，作者加入足球队的一个原因是朋友们和父母的鼓励。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Iowedmuchtothem,especiallyCoachLanewhotaughtmehowtoplayfootball.(我要归功于他们，特别是教练Lane教我怎样踢足球)”可知，作者很感激朋友和父母，特别是教练。根据第三段“SothefirsttimemyteammatesincollegeheardmetalkandheardthatIstuttered,theydidnotsayathing.(公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

79第一次我的大学舍友听我谈话，听我结巴，但是他们没有说什么)”可知，作者对舍友们的理解表示感激。根据最后一段“WheneverIgobackhometoGeorgia,Ivolunteerwithchildrenatmychurch,includingthosewhohavelearningdisabilities.(当我回到家乡Georgia，我在教堂里做志愿者，帮助有困难的孩子们)”可知，作者成为一个乐于助人的人。故作者是一个懂得感恩和乐于助人的人。故选A。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Iliketodothattoinspirethemwithconfidence.Inthefuture,Iwouldliketostartafoundationtogivebacktopeoplewhostutterandcreateaprogramwherekidsallacrosstheworldwhohaveastuttercanhaveasafespace.(我想做志愿者用信心去激励他们。将来，我将建立一个基金会去回馈那些结巴的人，创造一个项目，在这里，全世界的结巴的孩子能有一个安全的空间)”可知，作者通过自己踢足球的经历而变得自信，他将用自己的行动去激励，去帮助更多的说话有困难的孩子。因此D.AnInspiringFootballer(一个鼓舞人心的足球运动员)可以概括全文大意，适合做标题。故选D。CApaperpublishedonNovember15inCurrentBiologysuggeststhatapatch(小块)ofcellsdevelopedforidentifyinghumanfaces,thefusiformfacearea(FFA),isupandrunningininfants(婴儿)asyoungastwomonthsold.RebeccaSaxe,aprofessorofbrainandcognitivesciencesattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,andhercolleaguesscanned42infantsranginginagefromtwotoninemonthsusingaspecialfunctionalmagneticresonance(磁共振)imaging(fMRI)helmetdesignedspecificallyforbabies.Datafrom16oftheinfantshadtobethrownoutbecauseitisextremelydifficulttokeepthemhappy,stillandawakeforlong.Forthe26remaininginfants,thescientistscomparedactivityinvisualareasofthebrainwhiletheywatched2.7-secondvideoclipsthatdescribedfaces,bodyparts,landscapes,andotherobjects.Resultsshowedmoreactivityintheareasofthebrain'svisualsystemthatarespecializedforrecognizingfaces,bodiesandscenesthanareasforotherobservedobjects."There'severyreasontothinkthatbabiesarebornexpectingandlookingfortheirmostimportantsocialpartners,Saxesays."Somethingintheirbrainmakestheminterestedinfacesactuallybeforethey'vehadanyexperiencewithfacesatall.Babieslooktowardface-likeimagesfromhoursafterbirth."OtherresearchersarenotconvincedbySaxe'sconclusions."Idon'tbelievethattherearefacepatchespresentatbirth,"Livingstonesays.HeviewsexperienceandlearningareessentialforthedevelopmentoftheFFA.ToKalanitGrill-Spector,apsychologyprofessoratStanfordUniversity,themostexcitingpartofthenewpaperisnotaboutthisquestionoflearnedversusinborndevelopment."Ithinkthestudyiskindofattemptingtoaddressthisquestion,butitdoesn'treallyprovideaperfectansweronewayoranother.Whatimpressedmeistheamountofbabiesthatthey'vescannedandwithalotofnewinnovationsinbabyfMRI,"shesays."That'sgoingtopushthefieldforward."8.Whywerethedatafromthe16infantsabandoned?公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

80A.Becausetheinfantsdidn'twatchthevideoclips.B.Becausetheinfantsmadenoresponsetotheobjects.C.Becausetheinfantscouldn'tfocusonobjectsforsometime.D.Becausetheinfantswereunwillingtowearhelmetsforlong.9.Howdidtheresearchersgettheresults?A.Bylistingfigures.B.Byaskingquestions.C.Byanalyzingreasons.D.Bymakingcomparisons.10.WhichstatementwouldRebeccaSaxeprobablyagreewith?A.Infantscanprocessfacialpatternsandgivethemmeaning.B.Specializedareasforrecognizingfacesarepresentatbirth.C.Someabilitiesofthevisualsystemaregraduallydeveloped.D.ExperienceandlearningareessentialforthedevelopmentoftheFFA.11.WhichwordbestdescribesGrill-Spector'sattitudetothewayoftheresearch?A.Objective.B.Skeptical.C.Favorable.D.Disapproving.【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲了一篇论文研究婴儿识别人脸的作用机制。【8题详解】细节理解题。由第二段“Datafrom16oftheinfantshadtobethrownoutbecauseitisextremelydifficulttokeepthemhappy,stillandawakeforlong.”（来自16名婴儿的数据不得不被扔掉，因为让他们保持快乐，静止和长时间清醒是极其困难的。）可知，数据被抛弃是因为使婴儿集中注意力太难了。故选C项。【9题详解】推理判断题。由第二段“Forthe26remaininginfants,thescientistscomparedactivityinvisualareasofthebrainwhiletheywatched2.7-secondvideoclipsthatdescribedfaces,bodyparts,landscapes,andotherobjects.”（对于剩下的26名婴儿，科学家们比较了大脑视觉区域的活动，同时他们观看了描述面部，身体部位，风景和其他物体的2.7秒视频剪辑。）可知，研究人员通过比较得出结论。故选D项。【10题详解】推理判断题。由第三段“Somethingintheirbrainmakestheminterestedinfacesactuallybeforethey’vehadany公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

81experiencewithfacesatall.”（他们大脑中的某些东西使他们对面孔感兴趣，实际上在他们有任何面部经验之前就已经对面孔感兴趣了。）可知，Saxe认为婴儿识别人脸是天生的。故选B项。【11题详解】推理判断题。由尾段“Whatimpressedmeistheamountofbabiesthatthey’vescannedandwithalotofnewinnovationsinbabyfMRI”（令我印象深刻的是他们扫描的婴儿数量以及婴儿fMRI中的许多新创新）可知，该研究使Grill-Spector印象深刻，即Grill-Spector喜欢该研究。故选C项。DTheAmazonrainforest,isasundisturbedaplaceasmostpeoplecanimagine,buteventhere,theeffectsofachangingclimateareplayingout.Now,researchsuggeststhatmanyoftheregion'smostsensitivebirdspeciesarestartingtoevolveinresponsetowarming.Birdsareoftenconsideredsentinel（哨兵）species-meaningthattheyindicatetheoverallhealthofanecosystem-soscientistsareparticularlyinterestedinhowthey'rerespondingtoclimatechange.Ingeneral,thenewshasnotbeengood.Forinstance,a2019reportbytheNationalAudubonSocietyfoundthatmorethantwo-thirdsofNorthAmerica'sbirdspecieswillbeindangerofextinctionby2100ifwarmingtrendscontinueontheircurrentcourse.Forthenewstudy,researcherscollectedthebiggestdatasetsofarontheAmazon'sresidentbirds,representing77non-migratoryspeciesandlastingthe40yearsfrom1979to2019.Duringthestudyperiod,theaveragetemperatureintheregionrose,whiletheamountofrainfalldeclined,makingforahotter,dryerclimateoverall.AccordingtothereportonNovember12inthejournalScienceAdvances,36specieshavelostsubstantialweight,asmuchas2percentoftheirbodyweightperdecadesince1980.Meanwhile,allthespeciesshowedsomedecreaseinaveragebodymass,whileathirdgrewlongerwings.Becauseofthestudy'slongtimeseriesandlargesamplesizes,theauthorswereabletoshowthemorphological（形态学的）effectsofclimatechangeonresidentbirds.However,theresearchersthemselvesareunsureandwonderwhatadvantagethewinglengthchangesgivethebirds,butsupposesmallerbirdsmayhaveaneasiertimekeepingcool.Ingeneral,smalleranimalshavealargerrateofsurfaceareatobodysize,sotheydissipatemoreheatfasterthanabiggeranimal.Lessavailablefood,suchasfruitorinsects,indryerweathermightleadtosmallerbodysize.12.Whyarescientistsfondofdoingresearchonbirds?A.Theyhavesmallbodysizes.B.Theyaresensitivetohotweather.C.Theyliveinanundisturbedrainforest.D.Theyareecologicalbalanceindicators.13.Whatcanwelearnfromthenewstudy?A.Athirdofspecieshavebeenextinctforadecade.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

82B.36specieslost2%oftheirbodyweighteveryyear.C.Two-thirdsofspeciesshowedaconsiderabledecreaseinweight.D.About26speciesrespondedtoclimatechangewithlongerwings.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"dissipate"inthelastparagraphmean?A.Putoff.B.Giveoff.C.Putaway.D.Giveaway.15.Whatwouldprobablytheresearchersfurtherstudy?A.Whyitiseasierforsmalleranimalstokeepcool.B.Whateffectsthewinglengthchangeshaveonbirds.C.WhytheAmazonianbirdshavelostsubstantialweight.D.WhetherbirdspeciesinNorthAmericawillbeextinctin2100.【答案】12.D13.D14.B15.B【解析】这是一篇说明文,主要介绍了气候变化对鸟的影响。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Birdsareoftenconsideredsentinel（哨兵）species-meaningthattheyindicatetheoverallhealthofanecosystem-soscientistsareparticularlyinterestedinhowthey'rerespondingtoclimatechange.(鸟常被认为是物种的哨兵，指的是它们能暗示生态系统的整体健康，因此科学家关注它们对气候变化的反应)”可知，科学家喜欢研究鸟是因为鸟是生态系统平衡的暗示者。故选D。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“representing77non-migratoryspecies”以及“whileathirdgrewlongerwings.(在研究的77种不迁移的鸟类中，1/3的鸟长着较长的翅膀)”可知，大约26种鸟类长着较长的翅膀来应对气候变化。故选D。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据最后一段“smallerbirdsmayhaveaneasiertimekeepingcool.Ingeneral,smalleranimalshavealargerrateofsurfaceareatobodysize(较小的鸟可能很快就会凉下来。总体来讲，相对于身体尺寸而言，较小动物的表面积较大)”可知较小动物的表面积相对于自身整体而言较大，因此散发热量就容易，dissipate的意思是散发，与Giveoff（散发）的词义一致。故选B。【15题详解】公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

83推理判断题。根据最后一段“However,theresearchersthemselvesareunsureandwonderwhatadvantagethewinglengthchangesgivethebirds,(然而，研究者自己也不确信，对鸟的翅膀长度变化对鸟有什么好处感到困惑)”可知，研究者将进一步研究鸟的翅膀长度变化对鸟有什么影响。故选B。一、广东梅州·一模第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ANeilArmstrong:ALifeofFlightMuchhasbeenwrittenaboutNeilArmstrong,America’smodemheroandhistory’smostfamousspacetraveler.YetshyoffameandneveronetostealthespotlightArmstrongwasalwaysreluctanttodiscusshispersonalsideofevents.HereforthefirsttimeisthedefinitivestoryofNeil’slifeofflighthesharedforfivedecadeswithatrustedfriend—JayBarbree.ThisNewOceanItwasallpartofman’sgreatestadventure—landingmenontheMoonandsendingarovertoMars,finally公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

84seeingtheedgeoftheuniverseandthebirthofstars，andlaunchingplanetaryexplorersacrossthesolarsystemtoNeptuneandbe-yond.StarmanStarman,JamieDoranandPiersBizony’sbiographyofRussiancosmonautYuriGagarin,wasoriginallypublishedin1998andrereleasedin2011tocapitalizeonthe50thanniversayofthefirstmannedflightintospace.ThebookcoversGagarin’schildhood,hiscosmonauttraining,hishistoricflightasthefirsthumanbeingtoleavetheearth’satmosphere,andhismysteriousdeath.NightSkyAlmanac2021:AStargazer’sGuideWhatbeltergiftforanamateurastronomerthanananswertoalloftheirqueries,pocket-sizedcompanion?Connectwiththeuniversethatsurroundsuswithhisstylishcompaniontothenightsky.Allevenlyareclearlypresentedmonth-by-monthwitheasy-to-understandexplanationsandcharts,includingstars,planets,comets,andsoon.1.WhatisJayBarbree?A.Aspacemaninhistory.B.AcharacterinStarman.C.Anovelistonspaceadventure.D.AfriendofNeilArmstrong.2.WhichcategorydoesStarmanfallinto?A.Sciencefiction.B.Play.C.Autobiography.D.Biography.3.Whatdothelistedbookshaveincommon?公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

85A.Theyareintendedforteenagers.B.Theyaresetinmoonlanding.C.Theyareaboutspaceandastronomy.D.Theyshowconcernoverstarwars,【1~3题答案】【答案】1.D2.D3.C【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了四本关于太空和天文学的书。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据NeilArmstrong:ALifeofFlight部分“HereforthefirsttimeisthedefinitivestoryofNeil’slifeofflighthesharedforfivedecadeswithatrustedfriend—JayBarbree.(这是第一次有关于尼尔飞行生涯的权威故事，他和一个信任的朋友——杰·巴伯里分享了50年的飞行生涯)”可知，JayBarbree是NeilArmstrong的朋友。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Starman部分“Starman,JamieDoranandPiersBizony’sbiographyofRussiancosmonautYuriGagarin(斯塔曼，杰米·多兰和皮尔斯·比佐尼为俄罗斯宇航员尤里·加加林写的传记)”可知，Starman是一本关于俄罗斯宇航员尤里·加加林的传记。故选D项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据NeilArmstrong:ALifeofFlight部分“MuchhasbeenwrittenaboutNeilArmstrong,America’smodemheroandhistory’smostfamousspacetraveler.(关于美国现代英雄、历史上最著名的太空旅行者尼尔·阿姆斯特朗，人们已经写了很多)”、ThisNewOcean部分“Itwasallpartofman’sgreatestadventure—landingmenontheMoonandsendingarovertoMars(这是人类最伟大冒险的一部分——人类登陆月球和向火星发射探测器)”、Starman部分“Starman,JamieDoranandPiersBizony’sbiographyofRussiancosmonautYuriGagarin(斯塔曼，杰米·多兰和皮尔斯·比佐尼为俄罗斯宇航员尤里·加加林写的传记)”和NightSkyAlmanac2021:AStargazer’sGuide部分“Whatbeltergiftforanamateurastronomerthanananswertoalloftheirqueries,pocket-sizedcompanion?(对于一个业余天文学家来说，有什么比回答他们所有的问题更好的礼物呢?)”可知，四本书都和太空与天文学有关。故选C项。BIt’spracticallyasceneonAmericantelevision.Ababyisborn.Friendsandfamilyoffertheircongratulations.Butthen,inthecarfromthehospital,adeepworryfallsovertheparents.“Howintheworldarewegoingtopayforcollege?”It’struethatgoingtouniversityabroadisaveryexpensiveoption.TuitionismuchhigherthanatChineseuniversities,andthentherearetheexpensesforroomandboard.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

86TuitionatHarvardthisyearisaround$46,000(¥318,700),butwhenyouincludestudentservicefees,room,andboard,thatfigurejumpstooverS65,000ayear.SchoolsoutsidetheUSarealittlebitlessexpensiveonaverage,buttheycanstillemptyyourwallet.TuitionatOxfordUniversityisatleast¥136,500.ThecostofAustralia’sUniversityofMelbournevariesagreatdealdependingonthediscipline,buttuitionalonewilllikelysetstudentsback¥148,500ayear.Thesenumberscanbereallyshocking,butdon’tworry.Mostuniversitieshavesystemsinplacetohelpstudentspayfortheireducation.Thefirstthingyoushouldlookintoiswhetherornotyouarefitforfinancialaid.Whilesomeuniversitiesdon’tallowinternationalstudentstoapplyforaid,manymakenodistinction.Whilemostfinancialaidis“need-based”,meaningthatyouhavetodemonstratethatyourparentscannotaffordtopaythefullamount,therearealsoscholarshipsbasedonmerit.Ifyouareamathtalentorapromisingbasketballplayeryoumightendupgoingtocollegefreeofcharge.Then,therearesomescholarshipsthataredesignedspecificallyforChinesestudents.ThefamousFreemanScholarshipatWesleyanUniversity,forexample,isawardedtotwoChinesestudentsfromHongKongandtwofromthemainlandeachyear.4.WhatdoAmericanparentsoftenworryabout,accordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Theirchildren’shealthafterleavingthehospital.B.Thestresstheirchildrenwillfaceatcollege.C.Howtopayfortheirchildren’scollegeeducation.D.Thefuturetheirchildrenwillhaveaftercollege.5.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph6?A.Internationalstudentsarelookeddownuponatsomeuniversities.B.Someuniversitiesonlyofferfinancialaidtolocalstudents.C.Internationalstudentscan’tgetfinancialaidatmostuniversities.D.Therearestrictrulesaboutfinancialaidforinternationalstudents.6.WhocanreceivetheFreemanScholarship?A.Tony,anAmericanwhohasappliedforfinancialaid.B.Susan,aChinesegirlwhoisgiftedinmathematics.C.Ann,aJapanesegirlwhoplaysmusic.公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

87D.Joe,aCanadianwhoplaysbasketballverywell.7.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.Schoolsysteminwesterncountries.B.Collegetuitioncostathomeandabroad.C.Howtopayfortheforeigncollegeeducation?D.Howtoapplyforfinancialaidforlocalstudents?【4~7题答案】【答案】4.C5.B6.B7.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了出国上大学如何支付学费的问题，介绍了一些名校的学费情况以及可以有助于支付学费的方法。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“It’spracticallyasceneonAmericantelevision.Ababyisborn.Friendsandfamilyoffertheircongratulations.Butthen,inthecarfromthehospital,adeepworryfallsovertheparents.“Howintheworldarewegoingtopayforcollege?”(这几乎是美国电视上的一幕。一个婴儿出生了。朋友和家人向他表示祝贺。但随后，在从医院出来的车里，父母陷入了深深的担忧。“我们到底要怎么付得起大学学费呢？”)”可知，美国父母经常担心如何支付孩子的大学教育。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段“Thefirstthingyoushouldlookintoiswhetherornotyouarefitforfinancialaid.Whilesomeuniversitiesdon’tallowinternationalstudentstoapplyforaid,manymakenodistinction.(你首先要考虑的是你是否适合申请助学金。虽然有些大学不允许国际学生申请助学金，但许多大学对国际学生一视同仁)”可知，有些大学只给本地学生提供经济援助。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Then,therearesomescholarshipsthataredesignedspecificallyforChinesestudents.ThefamousFreemanScholarshipatWesleyanUniversity,forexample,isawardedtotwoChinesestudentsfromHongKongandtwofromthemainlandeachyear.(此外，还有一些专门为中国学生设计的奖学金。例如，卫斯理大学著名的弗里曼奖学金每年颁发给两名来自香港的中国学生和两名来自内地的学生)”可推知，在数学方面很有天赋的中国女孩苏珊能获得弗里曼奖学金，故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“It’struethatgoingtouniversityabroadisaveryexpensiveoption.TuitionismuchhigherthanatChineseuniversities,andthentherearetheexpensesforroomandboard.(的确，出国上大学是一个非常昂贵的选择。学费比中国大学要高得多，此外还有食宿费)公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

88”结合文章主要说明了出国上大学如何支付学费的问题，介绍了一些名校的学费情况以及可以有助于支付学费的方法。可知，C选项“如何支付国外大学教育费用？”最符合文章标题。故选C。CNearly40yearsago,PeterHarrison,amarineecologistwitnessedthefirstrecordedlarge-scalecoralbleaching（珊瑚白化）event.DivingintheGreatBarrierReef（大堡礁），hewasshockedbythescenebeforehim.“Thereefwasmadeupofhealthycoralsandbadlybleachedwhitecorals,likethebeginningofaghostcity,”hesays.Justmonthsbefore,thesamesitewasfilledwithcolorfultropicallife.“Manyofthehundredsofcoralsthathadbeencarefullylabelledandmonitoredfinallydied,”hesays.“Itwasshockingandmademeawareofjusthowweakthesecoralsreallyare.”Coralexiststogetherwithphotosyntheticalgae（藻类）,whichliveinitstissuesandprovideessentialnutrition(andcoloration).Buthightemperaturesandotherstressescanturnalgaepoisonous.Whenthisoccurs,thealgaemaydieorberemovedbythecoral,aprocessknownasbleachingbecausethecoral’scleartissueandwhitecalciumcarbonateskeleton（碳酸钙骨骼）areexposed.Ifthecoralcan’treestablishitslinkwithalgae,itwillstarveorbecomeill.ThewidespreaddestructionHarrisonsawin1982wasrepeatedonmanyotherPacificOceanreefsthatyearandthenext.In1997and1998thephenomenonwentglobal,killingsome16percentoftheworld’scorals.Withrisingtemperatures,pollution,disease,increasedoceanacidity,invasivespeciesandotherdangers,Harrison’sghostcitiesareexpanding.Scientistssupposethataboutfourdecadesagoseverebleachingoccurredroughlyevery25years,givingcoralstimetorecover.Butbleachingeventsarecomingfasternow—abouteverysixyears—andinsomeplacessoontheycouldbegintohappenannually.“Theabsolutekeyisdealingwithglobalwarming,”saysmarinebiologistTerryHughes.“Nomatterhowmuchwecleanupthewater,thereefswilldie.”In2016,arecord-hotyearinastringofthem,91percentofthereefsthatconsistoftheGreatBarrierReefbleached.8.PeterHarrisonwasshockedwhendivingintheGreatBarrierReef,because_______.A.thereefsweremadeupofpreciouscoralsB.hesawthecoralshehadtaggedbeforeC.thecoralswereruinedbadlyandquicklyD.hefoundaghostcitywithtropicallife9.Paragraph3ismainlyabout_______.A.thecausesofcoralbleachingB.theweaknessofcoralsandalgae公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

89C.theelementsthatmakealgaedieD.theprocessofbuildingalinkwithalgae10.Thephrase“Harrison’sghostcities”inParagraph4mostprobablyrefersto______.A.thecoralbleachingB.invasivespeciesC.globalwarmingD.thepollutedocean11.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.Withalgaelivinginitstissues,coral’swhiteskeletonisexposed.B.Thereefsdiebecausethewaterhasn’tbeencleanedthoroughlyC.Solvingglobalwarmingistherealsolutiontocoralbleaching.D.Theseverestcoralbleachingoccurredaboutfourdecadesago.【8~11题答案】【答案】8.C9.A10.A11.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大堡礁内珊瑚白化现象，以及造成这种现象的原因。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“DivingintheGreatBarrierReef（大堡礁），hewasshockedbythescenebeforehim.“Thereefwasmadeupofhealthycoralsandbadlybleachedwhitecorals,likethebeginningofaghostcity,”hesays.Justmonthsbefore,thesamesitewasfilledwithcolorfultropicallife.(在大堡礁潜水时，他被眼前的景象惊呆了。“珊瑚礁由健康的珊瑚和严重白化的珊瑚组成，就像一座鬼城的开始，”他说。就在几个月前，同一地点还充满了丰富多彩的热带生物。)”可知，他感到很震惊，是因为珊瑚这么快就受到严重破坏。故选C项。【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Coralexiststogetherwithphotosyntheticalgae（藻类）,whichliveinitstissuesandprovideessentialnutrition(andcoloration).Buthightemperaturesandotherstressescanturnalgaepoisonous.Whenthisoccurs,thealgaemaydieorberemovedbythecoral,aprocessknownasbleachingbecausethecoral’scleartissueandwhitecalciumcarbonateskeleton（碳酸钙骨骼）areexposed.Ifthecoralcan’treestablishitslinkwithalgae,itwillstarveorbecomeill.(珊瑚与能进行光合作用的藻类共存，后者生活在珊瑚的组织中，提供必要的营养(和着色)。但是高温和其他压力会使藻类有毒。当这种情况发生时，藻类可能死亡或被珊瑚清除，这一过程被称为白化，因为珊瑚的透明组织和白色碳酸钙骨架暴露出来。如果珊瑚不能与藻类重新建立联系，它就会挨饿或生病。)”可知，本段在讲述珊瑚白化的原因。故选A项。【10题详解】公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

90词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“Thereefwasmadeupofhealthycoralsandbadlybleachedwhitecorals,likethebeginningofaghostcity(珊瑚礁由健康的珊瑚和严重白化的珊瑚组成，就像一座鬼城的开始)”可知，此处“Harrison’sghostcities”指代的珊瑚白化。故选A项。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Theabsolutekeyisdealingwithglobalwarming(绝对的关键是应对全球变暖)”可知，解决全球变暖才是解决珊瑚白化的真正办法。故选C项。DAresearchteamledbyChunshuiYuandMulinJunLiofTianjinMedicalUniversityhasdiscoveredtwonewgenespotentiallyinvolvedinAlzheimer’sdisease.Theyidentifiedthembyexploringwhichgeneswereturnedonandoffinthehippocampusofpeoplewhosufferedfromthedisease.Theteam’snewfindingsarepublishedonFebruary25thinPLOSGenetics.Alzheimer’sdiseaseisatypeofbraindisorderthatcausesproblemswithmemory,thinkingandbehavior.Thisisagraduallyprogressivecondition.Thehippocampus,partofthebraininvolvedinmemory,isoneofthefirstregionstosustaindamage.Tobetterunderstandwhichgenescontributetotheprogressionofthisheritabledisease,theresearchersidentifiedgenesexpressedathigherorlowerlevelsinthehippocampusofpeoplewithAlzheimer’sdiseasecomparedtohealthybrains.Theyidentified24Alzheimer’s-relatedgenesthatappeartohaveaneffectthroughthehippocampus,usingpreviousgenomicandhippocampusgeneexpressiondata.Manygeneswerealreadyknowntocontributetothedisease,suchasAPOE,buttwowereunknown,PTPN9andPCDHA4.Additionally,severalareinvolvedinbiologicalprocessrelatedtoAlzheimer’sdisease,suchascelldeath.Theresearchteamfurthervalidatedtheirfindingsbycomparinggeneexpressionforthetwodozengenestoimagesoftheindividuals’brains.InAlzheimer’sdisease,damageandlossofneuronscausesthehippocampustodecrease,whichcanbemeasuredthroughmedicalimaging.TheresearchersestablishedthatexpressionoftwoofthegenesisrelatedtothesizeofthehippocampusofAlzheimer’sdisease.Overall,thenewfindingsimproveourunderstandingofthegeneticandcellularmechanismsthatcauseAlzheimer’sdisease.Thenextstepwillbetoinvestigatetherolesofthetwonovelgenesandhowtheycontributetothisharmfuldisease.12.HowdidtheresearchteamfindthetwogenesrelatedtoAlzheimer’sdisease?A.Byclosingthehippocampusofpeople.B.Byexploringtheswitchstateofthegenes.C.Byturningonandoffthegenesofthepatient.D.Bydiscoveringgenesinthehippocampusofpeople.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“validated”meaninParagraph3?公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

91A.Reported.B.Conducted.C.Confirmed.D.Exposed.14.WhatcanweinferaboutthesizeofthehippocampusinAlzheimer’sdisease.A.Itcomesinasmallersize.B.Thereisnowaytomeasureitssize.C.Itresultsindamageandlossofneurons.D.IthelpstoidentifyAlzheimer’sdisease.15.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.ItisvitaltocontinuethestudyofAlzheimer’sdisease.B.ThecauseofAlzheimer’sdiseasehasbeenfound.C.TheAlzheimer’sdiseasewillbecuredsoonbytheresearchteam.D.TwonovelgeneslikelylinkedtoAlzheimer’sdiseasehavebeendiscovered.【12~15题答案】【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员发现了两个可能与阿尔茨海默病有关的新基因，介绍了他们发现这两个基因的方式、什么是阿尔茨海默病以及这一发现的重要意义。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Theyidentifiedthembyexploringwhichgeneswereturnedonandoffinthehippocampusofpeoplewhosufferedfromthedisease.(他们通过探索患有这种疾病的人的海马体中哪些基因被打开和关闭来识别这些基因)”可知，研究小组通过探索基因的开关状态发现与阿尔茨海默病相关的两个基因的。故选B。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“theirfindingsbycomparinggeneexpressionforthetwodozengenestoimagesoftheindividuals’brains”以及“InAlzheimer’sdisease,damageandlossofneuronscausesthehippocampustodecrease,whichcanbemeasuredthroughmedicalimaging.TheresearchersestablishedthatexpressionoftwoofthegenesisrelatedtothesizeofthehippocampusofAlzheimer’sdisease.”可知，在阿尔茨海默病中，神经元的损伤和丧失会导致海马体的减少，这可以通过医学成像来测量。研究人员证实，其中两种基因的表达与阿尔茨海默病的海马体大小有关，由此可以说明研究小组通过比较这24个基因的基因表达和个体的大脑图像，进一步证实了他们的发现，故画线词意思是“证实”。A.Reported.报告；B.Conducted.管理；C.Confirmed.证实；D.Exposed.暴露。故选C。【14题详解】公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

92推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“InAlzheimer’sdisease,damageandlossofneuronscausesthehippocampustodecrease,whichcanbemeasuredthroughmedicalimaging.TheresearchersestablishedthatexpressionoftwoofthegenesisrelatedtothesizeofthehippocampusofAlzheimer’sdisease.(在阿尔茨海默病中，神经元的损伤和丧失会导致海马体的减少，这可以通过医学成像来测量。研究人员证实，其中两种基因的表达与阿尔茨海默病的海马体大小有关)”可推知，阿尔茨海默病中海马体的大小有助于识别老年痴呆症。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“AresearchteamledbyChunshuiYuandMulinJunLiofTianjinMedicalUniversityhasdiscoveredtwonewgenespotentiallyinvolvedinAlzheimer’sdisease.Theyidentifiedthembyexploringwhichgeneswereturnedonandoffinthehippocampusofpeoplewhosufferedfromthedisease.Theteam’snewfindingsarepublishedonFebruary25thinPLOSGenetics.(由天津医科大学的于春水和李木林领导的一个研究小组发现了两个可能与阿尔茨海默病有关的新基因。他们通过探索患有这种疾病的人的海马体中哪些基因被打开和关闭来识别这些基因。该团队的新发现发表在2月25日的《公共科学图书馆·遗传学》杂志上)”结合文章主要说明了研究人员发现了两个可能与阿尔茨海默病有关的新基因，介绍了他们发现这两个基因的方式、什么是阿尔茨海默病以及这一发现的重要意义。可知，这篇文章的主旨是两种可能与阿尔茨海默病有关的新基因已经被发现。故选D。一、广东汕头·一模第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ACheesyPizzaStuffingYield:4to6servingsTime:45minutes,plusdryingbreadIngredients:•1(12-to14-ounce)loafbrioche(黄油面包),tornintobite-sizepieces(about4cups)•4tablespoonsunsaltedbutter,plusmoresoftenedbutter•1largeyellowonion•Saltandblackpepperand2tablespoonstomatosauce•1largeeggand1cupwholemilk公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

93•2cupsshreddedlow-moisturemozzarella(马苏里拉奶酪)Directions:Thenightbeforeserving,spreadthebreadpiecesonasheetpanandletsitonthecountertodryout.Alternatively,youcanbakethemat250degreesuntilcompletelydriedoutandnolongersoft,20to30minutes.Whenreadytomakethestuffing,transferthebreadtoalargebowl.Heatovento350degreesandgreasea9-by-13-inchor8-by-11-inchbakingdishwithsoftenedbutter.Meltthe4tablespoonsbutterinalargeskilletovermedium-highandaddthethinlyslicedonion.Seasonwithsaltandpepper,andcook,stirringoccasionally,untilslightlybrownedattheedges,5to7minutes.Stirinthetomatosauceandcookuntilfragrant,aboutIminute.Inamediumbowl,beattheeggwithafork,thenbeatinthemilk.Pourthemilkmixtureoverthebreadandtosswithtwospoonsuntilevenlycoated.Add1cupmozzarellaandtossagainuntilwellcombined.Letsituntilthebreadfullyabsorbstheliquid,about5minutes.Transferthestuffingandanyaccumulatedliquidtothegreasedbakingdish,spreadoutevenlyandtopwiththeremaining1cupmozzarella.(Tomakeahead,youcanstopatthisstage,coverthedishandrefrigerateforupto24hours.)Bake,uncovered,untilheatedthroughandthecheeseismelted,15to25minutes.(Youmayneedtoaddafewminutestothebaketimeifthestuffinghasbeenrefrigerated.)1.Whichingredientisunnecessaryforthedish?A.Tomato.B.Milk.C.Butter.D.Salt.2.WhichprocedurecorrectlyfollowstheDirections?A.Theonionusedshouldbethicklycut.B.Thebreadpiecesshouldbesoftenedbeforeserving.C.Twocupsofmozzarellashouldbeaddedrespectively.D.Thestuffingwhichhasbeenrefrigeratedshouldbebakedfor24hours.3.HowistheDirectionsorganized?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Byofferinganalyses.C.Bypresentingfindings.D.Byfollowingtimeorder.【1~3题答案】【答案】1.A2.C3.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了干酪披萨馅料制作的指导说明。公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

94【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Ingredients中“4tablespoonsunsaltedbutter,plusmoresoftenedbutter”（4汤匙无盐黄油，再加上更多软化黄油）、“Saltandblackpepperand2tablespoonstomatosauce”（盐、黑胡椒和2汤匙番茄酱）以及“1largeeggand1cupwholemilk”（1个大鸡蛋和1杯全脂牛奶）可知，成分中分别有黄油、盐、牛奶以及西红柿酱，并没有西红柿。故选A项。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据Directions中第三段“Add1cupmozzarellaandtossagainuntilwellcombined.”（加入一杯马苏里拉奶酪，搅拌均匀。）以及第四段的“spreadoutevenlyandtopwiththeremaining1cupmozzarella”（均匀摊开，盖上剩下的1杯马苏里拉奶酪）可知，在这个指示过程中，分别加入两杯马苏里拉奶酪。ABD项均与原文实意不符。故选C项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据Directions中第一段的“untilcompletelydriedoutandnolongersoft”（直到它们完全变干，不再松软）、第二段的“untilslightlybrownedattheedges”（直到边缘略呈棕色）、第三段的“untilthebreadfullyabsorbstheliquid”（直到面包完全吸收液体）以及第五段的“untilheatedthroughandthecheeseismelted”（直到加热完全和奶酪融化）可知，这个指导说明步骤是通过呈现结果来组织的。故选C项。BMargiewroteaboutitthatnightinherdiary,“TodayTommyfoundarealbook!”Itwasaveryoldbook.Margie’sgrandfatheroncesaidthatwhenhewasalittleboyhisgrandfathertoldhimthattherewasatimewhenallstorieswereprintedonpaper.Theyturnedthepages,whichwereyellowandcrinkly(皱巴巴的),anditwasawfullyfunnytoreadwordsthatstoodstillinsteadofmovingthewaytheyweresupposedto—onascreen.“What’sitabout?”“School.”Margiewasscornful.“School?What’stheretowriteaboutschool?”Margiewasalwaysfedupwithschool.Themechanicalteacherhadbeengivinghertestaftertestingeography.SoshesaidtoTommy,“Whywouldanyonewriteaboutschool?”Tommylookedatherwithverysuperioreyes,“Becauseit’snotourkindofschool,stupid.Thisistheoldkindofschoolthattheyhadcenturiesago.”Shereadthebookoverhisshoulderforawhile,thensaid,“Anyway,theyhadateacher.”“Suretheyhadateacher,butitwasn’taregularteacher.Itwasaman.”公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

95“Amanisn’tsmartenough.”Sheadded,“Iwouldn’twantastrangemaninmyhousetoteachme.”Tommyscreamedwithlaughter.“Youdon’tknowmuch,Margie.Theyhadaspecialbuildingandallthekidsofthesameagewentthere,learningthesamethingfrom8a.m.to5p.m.onweekdays.Theyweren’tevenhalf-finishedwhenMargie’smothercalled,“Margie!School!”Margielookedup.“Notyet,Mamma.”“Now!”saidMrs.Jones.Actuallythemechanicalteacherwasonandwaitingforher.ItwasalwaysonatthesametimeeverydayexceptSaturdayandSunday,becausehermothersaidlittlegirlslearnedbetteriftheylearnedatregulartime.Thelargescreenwaslitup.“Today’smathlessonisontheadditionofproperfractions(分数).Pleaseinsertyesterday’shomeworkintheproperslot(插槽).”Margiedidsowithasigh.Shewasthinkingabouthowthekidsmusthaveloveditintheolddays.Allthekidsfromthewholeneighborhoodcame,sittingtogetherintheschoolroom,goinghometogetherattheendoftheday.Andtheteacherswerepeople.Shewasthinkingaboutthefuntheyhad.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“scornful”inPara.5mean?A.Interested.B.Amazed.C.Doubtful.D.Disrespectful.5.WhereisMargie’sschoolroom?A.Insideherhouse.B.Inaspecialbuilding.C.Onalargescreen.D.Aroundherneighborhood.6.WhatisthesimilaritybetweentheschoolinthebookandtheoneMargieattended?A.Teachersofgreatwisdom.B.Classmatesofthesameage.C.Regularschoolinghours.D.Advancedlearningequipment.7.WhichofthefollowingmayMargieagreewith?A.Doingmathhomeworkismorethanfunny.B.Theschoollifeintheolddaysismuchmoreappealing.C.Mechanicalteachersaremoresuitableinteachingforher.D.Readingonascreenismoreconvenientthanreadingarealbook.【4~7题答案】【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.B【解析】公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

96这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了玛吉从汤米读的一本书中发现了过去的学校生活比现在的学习方式更吸引人。【4题详解】词义猜测题。根据第五段划线词后“School?What’stheretowriteaboutschool?”Margiewasalwaysfedupwithschool.”（学校吗?学校有什么好写的?”玛吉总是对学校感到厌倦。）可知，玛吉是感到不耐烦的，故可推知scornful一词在此处表示“轻蔑的，不尊重的”。结合选项DDisrespectful“不尊重的”意思保持一致。故选D项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第九段中“Sheadded,“Iwouldn’twantastrangemaninmyhousetoteachme.””（她还说，“我可不想让一个陌生人来我家教我。）可知，玛吉的教室是在她的家中。故选A项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第十段中“Theyhadaspecialbuildingandallthekidsofthesameagewentthere,learningthesamethingfrom8a.m.to5p.m.onweekdays.”（他们有一个特殊的建筑，所有同龄的孩子都去那里，在工作日的早上8点到下午5点学习同样的东西。）以及第十二段中“ItwasalwaysonatthesametimeeverydayexceptSaturdayandSunday,becausehermothersaidlittlegirlslearnedbetteriftheylearnedatregulartime.”（除了星期六和星期天，她每天都在同一个时间上课，因为她妈妈说，如果小女孩能按时学习，她们会学得更好。）可知，书中的学校和玛吉上过的学校有着相似的固定上课时间。故选C项。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Margiedidsowithasigh.Shewasthinkingabouthowthekidsmusthaveloveditintheolddays.Allthekidsfromthewholeneighborhoodcame,sittingtogetherintheschoolroom,goinghometogetherattheendoftheday.”（玛吉叹了口气。她在想以前的孩子们一定很喜欢。所有邻居的孩子都来了，一起坐在教室里，放学后一起回家。）可知，玛吉赞同过去的学校生活更吸引人。故选B项。CWhenZhuCaiping,73,wasdiagnosedwithmildcognitiveimpairmentthreeyearsago,shefoundthatanxiety,depressionandevenlookingdownonherselfbecamenormalinherlife.Itwasnotuntillastyear,aftersheparticipatedinarealityshowandbecamearestaurantserver,thathersituationbegantoimprovedramatically.TherestaurantinShanghaiwheresheworksistheForgetMeNotCafe.ItsharesthegoalofprovidingjobopportunitiesforelderlypeoplewhohaveAlzheimer’sdiseaseorothercognitiveimpairments.“Iprovidebasicservicesforguests,suchaspouringwater,servingandtakingorders.Icannowrememberallthedishesonthemenu,”saidZhu,whohascometotherestaurantthreetimesaweeksinceFebruaryandworksthreehoursaday.“Thecolleaguestakegoodcareofus.Theneverallowustodeliverhotdishessuchassoups.Theguestsarealsoverytolerantofus,becausesometimeswemakemistakes.”公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

97Becauseofmemoryloss,Zhuwritesdownalltheinformationshewantstorememberonstickynotes,suchasthenamesofthevolunteersandteacheraswellasEnglishwords.“Peoplewithcognitiveimpairmentactuallyrefuseandfeartocommunicatewithsocietybutthiswillworsentheircondition.”Sheadded,“Withthedeterioration(退化)ofbrainfunction,theymaygraduallylosememoryandtheabilitytotakecareofthemselvesandmightevenseethelossofemotions.”Inadditiontothejobopportunitiesfortheelderly,informationaboutcognitiveimpairmentandAlzheimer’sdiseaseispostedonaboardoutsidetherestauranttohelppeoplerecognizesymptomsandseektreatmentassoonaspossible.AsChinafacesanagingpopulation,theincreasingnumberofseniorswithcognitiveimpairmenthasbecomeasignificantsocialissue.“Weshouldfeelluckythatthewholeofsocietyisconcernedabouttheseniors,especiallyforpeoplelikeus.Theneighborhoodcommitteealwayschecksonoursituationandwatchesforotherelderlypeoplewithsymptoms.”Zhusaid.8.WhatcanweknowaboutZhuCaiping?A.Shealwaysmademistakesatwork.B.Shemadeeffortstobeequaltothejob.C.Shewasafull-timerestaurantserverinaShanghaicafé.D.Shewasoneofthosesufferingfromseverecognitiveimpairment.9.Howmightpeoplewithcognitiveimpairmentfeel?A.Forgetfulandupset.B.Anxiousbutlucky.C.Tolerantandcareful.D.Indifferentbutenergetic.10.Whyisinformationaboutcognitiveimpairmentpostedoutsidetherestaurant?A.Toprovidetreatmentforthesick.B.Toseekapprovalfromthecitizens.C.Tooffertheelderlyjobopportunities.D.Toequippeoplewithrelevantknowledge.11.Inwhichsectionofanewspaperthepassagemostlikelybefound?A.Health.B.Society.C.Culture.D.Business.【8~11题答案】【答案】8.B9.B10.D11.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了患有轻度认知障碍的老人ZhuCaiping通过在餐馆服务，使得病情得到改善，文章呼吁社会关心和提供机会帮助患有认知障碍的人。【8题详解】公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

98细节理解题。根据第三段“Iprovidebasicservicesforguests,suchaspouringwater,servingandtakingorders.Icannowrememberallthedishesonthemenu(我可以为客人提供基本的服务，例如：倒水，提供菜单，记下菜单上所有的菜名)”可知，她在努力去胜任这个服务员的工作。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“shefoundthatanxiety,depressionandevenlookingdownonherselfbecamenormalinherlife.(她发现焦虑，沮丧，看不起自己，成为她生活的常态)”以及最后一段“Weshouldfeelluckythatthewholeofsocietyisconcernedabouttheseniors,especiallyforpeoplelikeus.(我们应该感到幸运，因为整个社会都在关心老年人，特别是像我们一样的人)”可知，患有认知障碍的人常会感到焦虑，但同时也感到幸运，因为有全社会的关心。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Inadditiontothejobopportunitiesfortheelderly,informationaboutcognitiveimpairmentandAlzheimer’sdiseaseispostedonaboardoutsidetherestauranttohelppeoplerecognizesymptomsandseektreatmentassoonaspossible.(除了为老年人提供就业机会，在饭馆外面张贴有关认知障碍和老年痴呆症的相关信息去帮助人们认识这些病的症状和尽快寻求治疗方案)”可知，张贴有关认知障碍的相关信息是为了帮助人们了解这些病的相关信息。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。通读全文并本文讲述老人ZhuCaiping通过在餐馆服务，使得病情得到改善，文章呼吁社会关心和提供机会帮助患有认知障碍的人，属于社会层面的话题，因此在报纸的社会栏目可以读到。故选B。DComparedwiththeobviousenvironmentalissueswehearabouteveryday,litteringoftentakesabackseat-butit’smorepressingthanwemaythink.Somemaysaythatabananapeeloutofyourcaralongthemotorwaywouldbeaharmlessaction.Actually,theyarewrong.Abananapeelcantakeuptotwoyearstodecompose(分解),andwithathirdofmotoristsadmittingtolitteringwhiledriving,that’sawholelotofdiscardedbananapeels,ormuchworse.Anorangepeelandacigarettebutthasasimilarbiodegrading(生物降解)termtothatofabanana,buttinandaluminiumcanslastupto100years,andplasticbottleslastforever,sodoglassbottlesandplasticbags.Despitethefactthatlonger-lastingmaterialswillservetodamagetheenvironmentanditsanimalsforlonger,wecan’tonlymeasuretheseverityofacertaintypeofrubbishbyitslifetime.Forexample,despitehavingafairlyshortbiodegradingspan,morethan120tonsofcigarette-relatedlitteristhrownawayintheUKeveryday.Similarly,ourregularlitteringhereandtherehascausedtheUK’smousepopulationtoincreaseby60million.Thissuddenlyisn’tsomysteriouswhenyouconsiderthatsincethe1960sourannuallitteringhasincreasedbyan公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

99amazing500percent.It’snotacheaphabiteither:UKtaxpayersspentf500milliononkeepingthestreetsclean.So,it’snotsurprisingthatifcaughtfly-tipping,youcouldfacea￡20,000fine.Regardlessofhowseverethepunishmentmightseem,however,amongthereportedcasesonly2,000werepunishedoutof825,000,sowestillhavesomewaytogoinmakingsurepeopleobservetherules.Totakebackourbeautifulcities,weneedtodomorethansimplynotleavingrubbishwhereitoughtnottobe.Weneedtocaremoreabouttheworldaroundus.12.Whichofthefollowingiseasiesttodecomposecomparatively?A.Anorangepeel.B.Aplasticbag.C.Analuminiumcan.D.Aglassbottle.13.WhatcanweknowfromPara.3?A.AnnuallitteringhasincreasedalittleinUKsincethe1960s.B.Shorter-lastingmaterialswillbelessharmfultotheenvironment.C.Cigarette-relatedlitterisasevereenvironmentalprobleminUK.D.RegularlitteringhascausedtheUK’smousepopulationtoreach60million.14.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeUK’spunishmentonlitteringaccordingtoPara.4?A.Everylittlehelps.B.Adropinthebucket.C.Nopains,nogains.D.Morehaste,lessspeed.15.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Rubbishcollection,anurgenttask.B.Environmentissue,abigconcern.C.Littering,asurprisinglybigissue.D.Long-lastingmaterial,ahiddendanger.【12~15题答案】【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要讨论了乱扔垃圾往往被置于次要地位——但它比我们想象的更紧迫。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Anorangepeelandacigarettebutthasasimilarbiodegradingtermtothatofa公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

100banana,buttinandaluminiumcanslastupto100years,andplasticbottleslastforever,sodoglassbottlesandplasticbags.”（桔皮和烟头的生物降解作用与香蕉相似，但锡和铝罐可以保存100年，塑料瓶可以保存到永远，玻璃瓶和塑料袋也是如此。）可知，桔子皮相比较其他三种东西更容易分解。故选A项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Despitethefactthatlonger-lastingmaterialswillservetodamagetheenvironmentanditsanimalsforlonger,wecan’tonlymeasuretheseverityofacertaintypeofrubbishbyitslifetime.Forexample,despitehavingafairlyshortbiodegradingspan,morethan120tonsofcigarette-relatedlitteristhrownawayintheUKeveryday.”（尽管更持久的材料会对环境和动物造成更长久的破坏，但我们不能仅仅通过它的寿命来衡量某种垃圾的严重程度。例如，尽管香烟的生物降解时间很短，但英国每天仍有超过120吨与香烟有关的垃圾被丢弃。）可知，在英国，与香烟有关的垃圾是一个严重的环境问题。ABD项均与原文实意不符。故选C项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Regardlessofhowseverethepunishmentmightseem,however,amongthereportedcasesonly2,000werepunishedoutof825,000,sowestillhavesomewaytogoinmakingsurepeopleobservetherules.”（然而，不管处罚看起来多么严厉，在报告的82.5万件案件中，只有2000件被处罚，因此，在确保人们遵守规则方面还有一段路要走。）可知，关于在垃圾上的处罚是远远不够的。结合选项意思A“每一点都是有帮助的”、B“沧海一粟，九牛一毛”、C“没有付出就没有收获”、D“欲速则不达”可知与B项意思符合。故选B项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Comparedwiththeobviousenvironmentalissueswehearabouteveryday,litteringoftentakesabackseat-butit’smorepressingthanwemaythink.”（与我们每天听到的显而易见的环境问题相比，乱扔垃圾往往被置于次要地位——但它比我们想象的更紧迫。）以及最后一段“Totakebackourbeautifulcities,weneedtodomorethansimplynotleavingrubbishwhereitoughtnottobe.Weneedtocaremoreabouttheworldaroundus.”（为了夺回我们美丽的城市，我们需要做的不仅仅是不把垃圾留在不该在的地方。我们需要更多地关心我们周围的世界。）可知，文章主要讲的是乱扔垃圾是一个惊人的大问题。故选C项。公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司