2022届高三英语一模二模试题分类汇编广东及新高考I卷专题01 阅读理解（原卷版）

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2022届高三英语一模二模试题分类汇编广东及新高考I卷专题01阅读理解（原卷版）目录科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司一、广东佛山·二模（4月）二、广东广州·二模（4月）三、广东茂名·二模（4月）四、广东梅州·二模（4月）五、广东汕头·二模（4月）六、广东深圳·二模（4月）七、广东湛江·二模（4月）八、广东顺德·一模九、广东广州·一模十、广东茂名·一模十一、广东梅州·一模十二、广东汕头·一模科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

1一、广东佛山·二模（4月）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AMarathonisthesupremedisciplineoflong-distancerunning.Theyarenotonlyattractivefortopathletes,butalsoforhobbyrunners.Thechoiceofeventsisalmostendless.Nowwehaveputtogethersomemostbreathtakinglybeautifulonesthatyou’llbetempted(诱惑)torunholdingacamera.Ultra-trailAngkor,CambodiaThenewestofaseriesofAngkormarathons,thisendurancetestoffers32-km,64-kmand128-kmroutesaroundthefamoustemples,includingBayonandAngkorWat.Watchoutformonkeys,andthegigantictreevinesthatmemorablyhugsomeofthegreatbuildings.DodoTrail,MauritiusCrossingruggedcoastlineandtropicalforests,theDodoTrailisfullofwildlife,althoughthefamousdodobirdremains,sadly,extinct.Whilethedemanding50kmXtremeroutecovers828m-highBlackRiverPeak,abeginner-friendlyMiniDodoTrail(10km)iseasier.GreatOceanRoadmarathon,AustraliaAnotherwell-knownsceniccoastaldrive,southernAustralia’sGreatOceanRoadstagesafootraceeveryMay.Neck-achecouldbeaproblem:inonedirectionliesthescenicSouthSea,andinanotherhandsomeforestand,ifyou’relucky,akoalaortwo.Bewarned,however,thattheseriesofsteepslopesmakethisoneofthetoughestmarathons.BigFivemarathon,SouthAfricaMarathonmeetssafariattheprivatelyownedEntabeniGameReserveeveryJune.Thestarttimeisdependentontherace-daylocationoftheBigFivemembers–Africanelephants,Capebuffalo,lions,leopardsandrhinos–asorganizerstrytoguaranteesightings.1.Whichmarathonissuitableforlessexperiencedrunners?A.Ultra-trailAngkor.B.DodoTrail.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

2C.GreatOceanRoadmarathon.D.BigFivemarathon.2.Whydoesthewritermention“neck-ache”inGreatOceanRoadmarathon?A.Tohighlightthewonderfulscenery.B.Topresentthedifficultyoftheevent.C.Toattractattentiontophysicalhealth.D.Towarnrunnersofdangerousanimals.3.Whatdothefourmarathonshaveincommon?A.Riskyandtiringroutes.B.Beautifulcoastalviews.C.Chancestoseewildanimals.D.Fixedtimeforannualevents.BLikemanyconstructions,itstartedsmall.Butnowthousandsofchildrenwithautism(自闭症)aremakingfriendsandlearningsocialskillsbyplayingaspecialversionofonlinebuildinggameMinecraft.StuartDuncangottheideathroughapopularblogheranabouthisownexperienceswithautismaswellasbringingupasonwithautism.Otherparentswithautisticchildrenstartedtellinghimthattheirkidswerecrazyaboutagamethatletthemexplorearandomlygeneratedwilderness.However,despitelovingthegame,manyofthechildrenwerebeingbullied(霸凌)byotherplayers.So,in2013,Duncan,awebdeveloperinCanada,setupaservertorunaversionofMinecraftonlyforchildrenwithautismandtheirfamilies.Hethoughttheinvite-onlyserverwouldattract10or20people,buthundredsrequestedtojoininthefirstfewdays.Now,almostthreeyearslater,runningthespecialversion,Autcraft,ishisfull-timejob.Thecommunityhasnearly7000members,alongwithateamofengineerstohelpmanageitsmanyactivities.“Parentsseesuchabenefitforthemselvesandtheirchildren,”saysDuncan.InMinecraft,youuseblocksofmaterialslikewoodandstonetobuildwhateveryoulike.“Thisisagreatwayforthemtoplayagametheylove,butalsohaveasocialexperience,”saysKateRinglandfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,whohasspent60hoursinsidethisvirtualworld,watchinghowthekidsplayandchattooneanother.“It’sgivinganalternativewayforthesekidstoexpressthemselvesandcommunicatewithoutthestressesofthephysicallifestuff.”Everydaysocialsituationscanbechallengingforautisticchildren,whomaystruggletopickuponsocialsignalsorunderstandanotherperson’sviewpoint.DuncanthinksMinecraftremovesthepressurestypicaloftherealworld.Thereisnonoisyorunfamiliarenvironmenttodistract(使分心)you,nopressuretotracktheotherperson’sfacialexpressionsorworryabouteyecontact.JoiningacommunitylikeAutcraftcouldbeagoodfirststeptofeelinglesssociallyanxiousandmoreengaged.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

34.WhatinspiredDuncantorunAutcraft?A.OnlineBullying.B.Hisson’srequest.C.Someparents’advice.D.Hisblogaboutautism.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutAutcraftfromParagraph3?A.Ithasabout7,000engineers.B.Itwasanunexpectedsuccess.C.Ithelpedparentsplaywiththeirkids.D.Itremainsaccessibletoallthepeople.6.HowdoesMinecrafthelpchildrenaccordingtoDuncan?A.Byteachingcommunicationskills.B.Bysolvingtheirrealworldproblems.C.Byexplainingotherpeople’sviewpoints.D.Byofferingstress-freesocialexperiences.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HowCanWeDealWithAutism?B.WhatMakesMinecraftSoFamous?C.WhyDoOnlineGamesBenefitChildren?D.HowDoesAutcraftHelpAutisticChildren?CItissomethingonehalfofthepopulationhaslongsuspectedandtheotherhalfalwaysvocallydenied–womenreallydotalkmorethanmen.Infact,womentalkalmostthreetimesasmuchasmen,withtheaveragewomanchalkingup20,000wordsinaday–13,000morethantheaverageman.Womenalsospeakmorequickly,devotemorebrainpowertochit-chat,andactuallyenjoyhearingtheirownvoices,anewbooksuggests.Thebook–writtenbyafemalepsychiatrist,Dr.LuanBrizendine–saysthatinherent(生来就有)differencesbetweenthemaleandfemalebrainexplainwhywomenarenaturallymoretalkativethanmen.InTheFemaleMind,Brizendinesaysthedifferencescanbetracedbacktothewomb(子宫),wherethesexhormone(激素)calledtestosteronemouldsthedevelopingmalebrain.Theareasresponsibleforcommunication,emotionandmemoryareallreducedbeforeababyboyisborn.Theresultisthatboys–andmen–chatlessthantheirfemalepeersandstruggletoexpresstheiremotionsto科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

4thesameextent.“Womenhaveaneight-lanesuperhighwayforprocessingemotion,whilemenhaveasmallcountryroad,”saidBrizendine.Thereare,however,advantagesofbeingthestrong,silenttype.Brizendineexplainsinherbookthattestosteronealsoreducesthesizeofthesectionofthebraininvolvedinhearing–allowingmentobecome“deaf”tothemostlogicalargumentsputforwardbytheirwivesandgirlfriends.Otherscientists,however,saymanyofthedifferencesbetweenthemaleandfemalepersonalitycanbeexplainedbysocialconditioning,withachild’supbringinggreatlyinfluencingtheircharacter.DeborahCameron,anOxfordUniversitylinguisticsprofessorwithaspecialinterestinlanguageandgender,saidtheamountwetalkisinfluencedbywhowearewithandwhatwearedoing.“Ifyoulookthroughalargenumberofstudiesyouwillfindthereislittledifferencebetweentheamountmenandwomentalk,”sheadded.8.WhichclaimdoesthebookTheFemaleMindprobablysupport?A.Womenenjoyarguing.B.Womenareborntalkative.C.Womenaregreatpublicspeakers.D.Womentakeprideintheirtalents.9.Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“moulds”inParagraph3?A.Influences.B.Stimulates.C.Enlarges.D.Harms.10.HowaremenaffectedbytestosteroneaccordingtoDr.Brizendine?A.Theyhaveasmallsizeofbrain.B.Theyarenotsologicalintalking.C.Theyareusuallylesscommunicative.D.Theyareunwillingtolistentofemales.11.WhatmessagedoesCameroncarryinthelastparagraph?A.Furtherstudiesneedtobecarriedout.B.Genderseldomaffectsone’stalkingstyle.C.Theamountwetalkshapesourcharacter.D.Mentalkasmuchaswomenonthewhole.DThetimeapersonspendsondifferentsmartphoneappsisenoughtoidentifythemfromalargergroupinmorethanoneinthreecases,sayresearchers.Researchersanalyzedsmartphonedatafrom780people.Theyfed4,680daysofappusagedataintostatisticalmodels.Eachofthesedayswaspairedwithoneofthe780userssothatthemodelslearnedpeople’sdailyappusepatterns.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

5Theresearchersthentestedwhethermodelscouldidentifyanindividualwhenprovidedwithonlyasingledayofsmartphoneactivitythatwasanonymous(匿名的).Themodels,whichweretrainedononlysixdaysofappusagedataperperson,couldidentifythecorrectpersonfromadayofanonymousdataonethirdofthetime.Thatmightnotsoundlikemuch,butwhenthemodelspredictwhothedatabelongedto,itcouldalsoprovidealistofthemosttotheleastlikelycandidates.Itwaspossibletoviewthetop10mostlikelyindividualsthataspecificdayofdatabelongedto.Around75%ofthetime,thecorrectuserwouldbeamongthetop10mostlikelycandidates.Inpracticalterms,alawenforcement(执法机构)investigationseekingtoidentifyacriminal’snewphonewiththesemodelscouldreduceacandidatepoolofapproximately1,000phonesto10phones,witha25%riskofmissingthem.Consequently,theresearcherswarnthatsoftwaregivenaccesstoasmartphone’sstandardactivityloggingcouldmakeareasonablepredictionaboutauser’sidentityevenwhentheywerelogged-outoftheiraccount.Anidentificationispossiblewithoutmonitoringconversationsorbehaviorswithinappsthemselves.Therefore,itisimportanttoacknowledgethatappusagedataalone,whichisoftencollectedbyasmartphoneautomatically,canpotentiallyrevealaperson’sidentity.Whileprovidingnewopportunitiesforlawenforcement,italsoposesriskstoprivacyifthistypeofdataismisused.12.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainaphenomenon.B.Toconfirmanassumption.C.Toshowaresearchprocess.D.Topresentaresearchfinding.13.Howdidtheresearchersreachtheirconclusion?A.Byrecordingappusetime.B.Bystudyingappusagedata.C.Bycomparingdifferentapps.D.Bychangingappusepatterns.14.Whatisthefunctionofthestatisticalmodels?A.Locatingcriminals.B.Trackingusageofapps.C.Identifyingphoneusers.D.Predictingtrendsofapps.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsappusagedata?A.Cautious.B.Favorable.C.Doubtful.D.Uninterested.一、广东广州·二模（4月）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

6阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ALikehumans,animalsneedsleeptoo.Abigproblemforanimalsinthewildiskeepingtheirenemiesawaywhiletheysleep.Animalstakecareofthisproblemindifferentways.Anolislizardsliveinmanyareasincludingtropicalrainforests.Theyoftensleeponleavesattheendoflongbranches.Aleafmightseemlikeastrangebed,butitworkslikeanalarm.Ifahungrysnakewigglesabranch,thelizardwakesupandleapstosafety.Chimpanzeestaketheirsleepveryseriously.Eachday,achimpanzeebuildsitselfanew,comfortablebedtosleepin.Scientistsbelievechimpanzeescarefullychooseatreethatisstrong,wheretheybuildanestusingbranchesandleaves.Parrotfishliveamongcoralreefsinoceans.Everynight,parrotfishusuallysleepclosetotherockinshelteredplaces.Someparrotfishgoonestepfurtherbyquicklymakingaslimelayerthatcoverstheirwholebody.Thiscoveringactslikeasleepingbagthatprovidesabarrieragainstdanger.Bottle-noseddolphinsneedtosleep,buttheyhavetobeontheocean’ssurfacetobreathe.Theyalsoneedtowatchovertheiryoung.Whatdotheydo?Whilehalfofthedolphin’sbrainsleeps,theotherhalfstaysawake.Afterawhile,thesleepinghalfwakesupwhiletheotherhalfsnoozes.Sootyternshavethemostamazingsleep.Theynestonislands.Whentheyarenotnesting,theyliveformanyyearsintheskyandonthesea’ssurface.Whenandwherecantheysleep?Scientistsbelievetheyareabletosleepwhiletheyareflying,stayingoutofthereachofenemies.1.Whatisthesharedconcernwhenwildanimalssleep?A.Quietness.B.Timelength.C.Comfort.D.Safety.2.Whichanimalsneedthemostpreparationbeforesleep?A.Anolislizards.B.Chimpanzees.C.Parrotfish.D.Sootyterns.3.Whatdoweknowaboutthesleepinghabitofbottle-noseddolphins?A.Theysleeponthejob.B.Theydon’tsleepatall.C.Theysleepdeepintheocean.D.Theysleeptheleastofallanimals.BAndrewBastawrouswas12whenhefoundouthecouldbarelysee.Hewasthensociallyawkward,failingatschoolandterribleatballgames.Glassesturnedhislifearound,yetevenasachildhewasawareofhowluckyhewas.Bastawrousgrewupin科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

7theUK,buthisfamilywouldvisitpoorpartsofEgypt,wherehisparentswerefrom.“Nobodythereworeglasses,butIknewsomepeopleneededthem,”hesays.“Itfeltincrediblyunfair.At16,IdecidedIwasn’tgoingtofeelguiltyaboutitanymore.”Hedeterminedthereandthentobecomeaneyesurgeon,andhedid.In2012,heandhiswifemovedwiththeirone-year-oldsontoasmalltown5hours’drivefromNairobi.Theyhadlimitedelectricityandrunningwater.For18months,everytimeBastawrousandhisteamsetuptheir“mobile”eyeclinicinyetanothernewlocation,theyhadtodragheavy,fragilehospitalequipmentcross-country.Therewasanotherproblem,asonelocaldoctordescribedit,“Wedon’tevenhaveenoughdoctorsandnowyoualsowanteyesurgeons?That’sprobablyapipedream.”AllthisconvincedBastawrousthatsomethingfundamentalwasneeded.Sohestartedexploringwaystoreplacehisclinicwithasingle,convenientdevice:asmartphone.Heco-developedanapp-basedvisualtestthatgathersasmuchinformationastheclassicone,usingsimilarprinciples.Thecriticaldifferenceisthatalmostanyonecancarryitoutafterjustafewminutesoftraining.Bastawrousco-foundedacharitablecompanytodevelopandapplythetechnologymorewidely.Histeamalsodevelopedtechnologiesthatenabledasmartphonecameratotakehospital-gradeimagesofthebackoftheeye.That’saprettygoodstart,butBastawroushashissightssetskyhigh.“Ifeelwe’reatatippingpointnowwherethisenormousproblemwillbecomeahistoricalthing.That’swhenI’llsleepeasy,”hesays.4.WhatdroveBastawroustobecomeaneyesurgeon?A.Hispersonalmisfortune.B.Hisburningsenseofinjustice.C.Hisambitiontoturnhislifearound.D.Hisguiltaboutleavinghishomecountry.5.WhatcanweinferaboutBastawrous’sfirst18monthsinAfrica?A.It’shardandproblematic.B.It’schallengingbutfruitful.C.It’sadventurousandunrealistic.D.It’sfundamentalbutinnovative.6.Bastawrous’sinnovationcanbedescribedas________.A.cheapandconvenienttreatmentsforpatients.B.avirtualandcompletechangefromaclassictest.C.asmartandpopularisedapplicationoftechnology.D.fastandeffectivetrainingsofmedicalprofessionals.7.WhatdoBastawrous’swordsinthelastparagraphshow?科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

8A.Hismodestattitudetohispastachievements.B.Hisoptimisticviewsonthecureforblindness.C.Hisstrongbeliefintheeffectsoffuturetechnology.D.Hisfirmdeterminationtocarryonhischallengingcareer.CFeelingoverloadedbyyourto-dolistcancertainlymakeyouunhappy,butnewresearchsuggeststhatmorefreetimemightnotbetheelixirmanyofusdreamitcouldbe.Inanewstudyreleasedlastweek,researchersanalyzeddatafromtwolarge-scale(大规模)surveysabouthowAmericansspendtheirtime.Together,thesurveysincludedmorethan35,000respondents.Theresearchersfoundthatpeoplewithmorefreetimegenerallyhadhigherlevelsofsubjectivewell-being—butonlyuptoapoint.Peoplewhohadaroundtwohoursoffreetimeadaygenerallyreportedtheyfeltbetterthanthosewhohadlesstime.Butpeoplewhohadfiveormorehoursoffreetimeadaygenerallysaidtheyfeltworse.Soultimatelythefree-time“sweetspot”mightbetwotothreehoursperday,thefindingssuggest.Partoffindingthisseeminglytricky“sweetspot”hastodowithhowpeoplespendtheextratimetheyhave,theresearchersbehindthenewstudyargue.Theyconductedseveralsmalleronlineexperiments.Inonetheyaskedparticipantstoimaginehaving3.5to7freehoursperday.Theywereaskedtoimaginespendingthattimedoing“productive”things(likeexercising)ortoimaginedoing“unproductive”activities(likewatchingTV).Studyparticipantsbelievedtheirwell-beingwouldsufferiftheyhadalotoffreetimeduringtheday—butonlyiftheyuseditunproductively.Thoughthatexperimentwashypothetical,whichisonelimitationofthenewresearch,it’scertainlyinlinewithotherresearchshowingthatbeinginastateof“flow”canbegoodforpeople’smentalhealth.Ofcourse,whatfeels“productive”isuptoyou.Manytraditionallyproductiveorpurposefulactivitiescanbeeasyandfun.Engaginginabitoflow-keycardio,likewalkingandjogging,canhelpburnstress.Free-timeactivitieslikereadingorcookingarealsoknowntoputpeopleinastateofflow.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“elixir”inparagraph1referto?A.Magicsolution.B.Physicalpower.C.Psychologicaltest.D.Relaxedatmosphere.9.Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthenewstudy?A.Bydoinglarge-scaleonlinesurveys.B.Bygivinginterviewsandmentaltests.C.Bycomparingrespondents’backgrounds.D.Byconductingexperimentsandanalyzingdata.10.Whatisadistinctfindingofthenewresearch?科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

9A.Doingunproductivethingsleadstounhappiness.B.Beinginastateofflowbenefitspeople’smentalhealth.C.Man’swell-beingispositivelyrelatedtothefreetimetheyhave.D.Howpeoplespendtheirfreetimeaffectstheirsenseofwell-being.11.Whatisthefocusofthelastparagraph?A.Theimportanceofburningstress.B.Easyandfunactivitiestokilltime.C.Furtherexplanationofbeingproductive.D.Thebenefitsofengaginginfree-timeactivities.DEvenwhencommuningwithnaturewedependontechnologyforhelp—butthen,sodidThoreau(梭罗)atWaldenPond(瓦尔登湖).Walkinginthesamewoodsyesterday,Iletmyselfwanderatrandom,communingwithnature.Itookinbeautifulscenerynearandfarthankstomyprogressive-lenseyeglasses.OccasionallyI’dpulloutmysmartphonetotakepicturesonanythinginteresting.Irecordedaninnermonologuewithabackgroundofallsoundsoftheforest.Attimes,Iconsultedmysmartwatchtocheckonmyheartbeat,mileageandcalorieburn.EventuallyIrealizedIwasquitelost.Notaproblemofcourse.Onlinemapscametomyrescue.Butsomethingbotheredme.InwhatI’dintendedasanatureexperience,hereIwasusingveryhightechnologytohelpmyselfout.Thisinsighttriggeredareconsiderationofeverythingthathappenedduringmy“naturewalk,”whichhadbeentechnologicallyenhancedeverystepoftheway.I’dbeenfunctioningasaman-machinecombination:acyborg.WhatwouldthetruenaturalistThoreauthinkofthat?Myfirstthoughtwasthathe’dbeshocked.ButlaterIdidsomeresearch.Thoreauenjoyedwhathisspyglassdiscovered,likethiseaglefromhisjournal:Lyingonthegroundwithmyglass,Icouldwatchhimveryeasily…tillIalmostlosthimintheclouds…IthinkIhavegottheworthofmyglassnowthatithasrevealedtomethewhite-headedeagle.Famously,Thoreaualwayssetoutequippedwithawalkingstick,whichheusednotonlyforsupportbutalsototakemeasurementsofwaterandsnowlevels.Hishatwasalsoatool,whichhecalledhis“botany-box.”Andhewaspreparedevenwithneedlesandthread,sowhencomingoutofthewoods,hewas“thebestdressed.”Clearly,Thoreauwasabitofacyborghimself.Thinkingmoredeeply,Irealizedwe’vecomealongwayfromourhunter-gathererancestors,whowalkedfrom科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

10necessityandreliedonnature’sgift.Cyborgsareus.12.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.TorecommendThoreau’sbookWaldenPond.B.Toarguethathumanshavedevelopedintocyborgs.C.Tosharethereflectionsonman’srelianceonnature.D.Toquestionwhetherpeoplearetechnology-dependent.13.Whichpicturebestillustratesacyborgintheauthor’seye?A.B.C.D.14.WhydoestheauthorquoteThoreau’sjournal?A.Tointroducealiteraryworkonnature.B.Toexplainhowtoprepareforanaturewalk.C.Toprovethatevennaturalistsusetechnology.D.TodescribethenaturalbeautyThoreauenjoyed.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsbeingacyborg?A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.一、广东茂名·二模（4月）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

11AAlldogscanbenefitfromtrainingthroughouttheirlives.Butwheretobegintheprocess?Thus,wehaveconsultedsomeexpertsonwheretostart.Here’swhattheysay.IdentifyyourtraininggoalsTherearetwolevelsofdogtraining.Ifyou’reinterestedinskilltraining,orbasicmanners,suchasteachingyourdogtosit,stayandliedown,that’sthefieldofadogtrainer.Ifyourdoghasabehaviorproblem—anxiety,aggressiveness,fearfulness—thenwhatyouneedisadogbehavioralconsultant.BerealisticYourdogmaybarkatyourguests,whichmightbeakindofdogthathasbeenselectedforhundredsofyearstodefendagainstpeoplewalkinginyourfrontdoor.Sinceyoucan’tchangeaGermanshepherd’sgeneticimpulse(基因冲动)todefenditsterritory,youmayneedtochangeyourexpectations,instead.Decidehowyou’dliketotrainyourdogWhenitcomestotrainingmethods,youhaveafewoptions.Groupclassesarecheaperbutlesspersonalized,whileboardandtrainingfacilitiesaremoreexpensiveandriskier.Yourchoicewilldependonyourbudgetandyourtraininggoals.Ifyoudon’twanttopayalotofmoneyfordogtraining,youcanchoosefreeorlow-costresourcesyoucanfindonline.UnderstandthemethodsGenerallyspeaking,manytrainersfallintotwobroadcategories:Thefirstispositivereinforcement(强化)trainers,whichmeansgivingyourdogsomethinggoodtotrain.Thesecondisbalancedtrainerswhoarewillingtomakeincorporatecorrections,whichmeansusingpositivereinforcementmethods.Clickheretogetmoreinformationtotrainyourdogs.1.Whoshouldyouaskifyourdogsareaggressive?A.Adogbehavioraltrainer.B.Adogbehavioralconsultant.C.Areinforcementtrainer.D.Abalancedtrainer.2.What’sthebenefitifyourdogattendsthegroupclasses?A.Itcansocializebetter.B.Itcanlearnmoreskills.C.Youcansavemoney.D.Youcanbuildstrongerbondswithit.3.Wheredoesthetextmostlikelyappear?A.Onawebsite.B.Inastorybook.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

12C.Inapetbrochure.D.Inabiologicalstudy.BManyhavehadthesamethoughtasShannonSt.Ongewhenlookingattheapproachofsnowonaweatherforecast—thattheyhavetimetofinishtheirjobs.AsthedirectoroffinanceattheFirstNationsUniversityofCanada,shehadtodrive25kilometersfromherhometothecityofReginatoattendanimportantmeeting.Asshewasleaving,thewintersnowbegantofall.Takingadirtroadforbettertraction(牵引)onhertires,shequicklybecamelost,withnoabilitytoseetheedgeoftheroadfromarolled-downwindow.Afterawhileshestoppedandcalled911.“TheoperatortookmyinformationandtoldmetowaitoutthestormasmytankwasfullandIwaswarm.Iwaitedalmost14hoursandnobodyhascalledmeyettocheckin,”shewroteinaFace-bookpost.“Wouldthegastanklastuntilmorning?WhatifIwashitbyanothervehicle?WhatifIdidn’tmakeithomeatall?”St.Ongewondered.Determinedtoensurethesafestend,shewentoutinthestormanddiscoveredherlocationonaroadsign,andthenfoundaneighborhoodFacebookgroupfortheareashewaspassingthrough—warningothersofherplightthroughaGoogleMapspin.Thatwaswhen80-year-oldAndreBouvierSr.,aretiredrescuer,gotacallaboutSt.Onge’ssituation.Hewentouttofindher,onfoot,sincehecouldn’tmanagetostarthistractor.Onthewayhefoundthreeotherstranded(被困)vehicles.Hewalkedthequartermilethereandback,andledthehelplesscarsonebyonetohishome.Bouvierletthesurvivorssleepathishouse,wheretheyateandlaughed,anddepartedthenextmorningafterhehadcleanedthedriveway.4.WhydidSt.Ongetakeadirtroad?A.Shewasfamiliarwithit.B.Shecouldrefuelontheroad.C.Shetookthedirtroadtosavetime.D.Shethoughtdirtroadcouldincreasetraction.5.WhatdidtheoperatoradviseSt.Ongetodo?A.Waitoutthestorm.B.Findawarmplace.C.AskBouvierforhelp.D.WriteherconditioninaFacebookpost.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plight”inParagraph5mean?A.Wrongturn.B.Poorsenseofdirection.C.Difficultsituation.D.Badweather.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeBouvier?科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

13A.Patientandgifted.B.Braveandselfless.C.Proudanddetermined.D.Adventurousandambitious.CIfhavingtomakeachoicebetweenreadingane-bookandaprintedbook,whichwouldmostpeoplechoose?Somewouldgoforane-bookwhilesomestillpreferthehard-printedbook.Undoubtedly,e-booksdohavebenefits.Firstly,changestoanelectronicpublicationarerelativelyeasytomake.Theyarequickertoobtain.E-booksaremoreeasilyupdated.Theprintedbooksonmanysubjectscanbecomeoutdatedveryquickly.Secondly,e-bookscanbeeasilyandquicklykeptuptodate.Youusuallygetfarmorethanjustthee-books.Moste-booksaresoldwithbonusesandrelatedinformationthatusuallydonotcomewiththepurchaseofaprintedbook.Moreover,theytakeuplessspace.Insteadofabiglibrary,youcanfitliterallythousandsofbooksonyourcomputer.Italsomakesiteasiertosharethisinformationwithfamiliesandfriends.Fornearlytwentyyears,additionally,futuristshavebeenpredictingthedevelopmentofprintedbooks.Theconventionalviewhasbeenthatdigitale-booksareonthevergeofreplacingpaperbooks.However,thishasnotbeenthecase.Aprintedbookhasitsadvantagestoo.Firstly,itisanobjectthatcanbecarriedandusedalone.Itneedsnoelectricoutlet(插座),nobatteries,nothing.Secondly,e-bookswillalwaysrequiresomeformsofsupportthattheprintedbookdoesnotneed.Ibelievethattheonlinepublishinghasnottakenoffbecausepeoplewantrealbooks.Whatisbeingpublishedonlinemoreandmorearepamphlets(小册子)andthingsthatreallydonotneedtobeinprint.Thesearestuffthatpeoplethrowawayafterward.Moreoften,peopledonotwanttoreadabookonthecomputer.Whatcouldbebetterthanapaperbook?Itlastsalongtime.Thesebooksaredesignedtolastalongtimewithoutdisappearing.Tosumup,thereisnodenyingthattheprintedbookisstillverymuchpreferredoveritsdigitalcousins.Readingelectronicpublicationsisjustnotthesamewhenitcomestobooks.Peoplearestillveryinterestedinrealbooksandnotebooks.8.Whatcanweknowaboutane-book?A.Itwillneverbeoutofdate.B.Italwaysgivesyouanaddedbonus.C.Itcandeliverinformationquickly.D.Ithastakentheplaceofprintedbooks.9.Whichstatementwouldfuturistsprobablyagreewith?A.Printedbookswilldisappear.B.Printedbookscanbeusedalone.C.E-bookshavemanyrestrictions.D.E-bookshavenodrawbacks.10.Whatisonecauseofthefailedonlinepublishing?A.Thelowdemandforbookindustry.B.Theexpectationsfrompeople.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

14C.Theguidanceofpolicy.D.Thedesirefortheprintedbooks.11.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthefutureoftheprintedbook?A.Hopeless.B.Unpredictable.C.Costly.D.Promising.DUsingthepowerofartificialintelligence(AI),scientistshaverevealednewinsightsintothecreationanddestructionofmassextinction.Contrarytoconventionalknowledge,theirstudysuggeststhatlargerextinctionsarenotalwaysaformof“creativedestruction”thatallowsneworganisms(生物体)toradiateandevolve.Instead,itsuggeststhatmassextinctionisrarelyassociatedwithnewspeciesofradiation.Dr.HoyalCuthill,theleadstudyauthorfromtheUniversityofEssexintheUKandtheTokyoInstituteofTechnology,saidinastatement,“Someofthemostchallengingthingstounderstandthehistoryoflifearethevasttimelinesinvolvedandthenumberofspecies.Newmachinelearningapplicationscanhelpusunderstandthisinformationinhuman-readableform.Thismeansthatwecan,sotospeak,holdtheevolutionofhalfabillionyearsinthepalmofourhandandgainnewinsightsfromwhatwesee.”Theyconcludedthatmassextinctionandlaterradiationwerenotconnectedaspreviouslythought.Within5percentofthemostsignificantperiodsofdisruption(中断),AIdetected“bigfive”massextinctions,sevenmoremassextinctions,twomassextinction-radiationevents,and15massradiations.Mostimportantly,itdiscoversthatmassiveradiationandextinctionrarelyoccurredwitheachother,changingtheviewthatgreaterextinctionleadstoakindofdeepcycle-likespeciesradiationofnature.Itappearsthatlargerextinctionsarecertainlynottheengineofevolutionaryradiation.TaketheCambrianeruptionforexampleanditwasabout41millionyearsagowhenalargegroupofanimalsfirstappearedontherecordofthefirstfossilrecordandthedawnofahighmobileanimalequippedwithmodernphysicalfeatures.Thisnewstudyfoundthatahandfulofothernotableexplosionsofbiodiversity,includingtheCambrianeruption,usuallyoccurredatatimewhentheywerelargelyisolated(隔离)fromextinction.Dr.NicholasGuttenberg,astudyco-authorfromtheTokyoInstituteofTechnologyexplained,“Ecosystemsaredynamicandyoudon'tneedanythingtoexisttoallowsomethingnewtoappear.”12.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphserveas?A.Anexplanationofartificialintelligence.B.Abackgroundofresearchers’study.C.Thereasonsforcreativedestruction.D.Theresultofresearchers’newstudy.13.WhatcanweinferfromDr.HoyalCuthill’swords?A.AIcontributesalottothestudyofevolution.B.Understandingthehistoryoflifeisverydifficult.C.NewAImachineslearnapplicationsbetter.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

15D.Theresultofresearchers’newstudy.14.Whatistheresearchers’discovery?A.Massextinctionisunlikelytocauseevolutionaryradiation.B.Thefirstanimalwithmodernfeaturesoccurredduringeruption.C.Thevolcaniceruptionledtoamassextinctionandradiation.D.Theideaofdeepcycle-likespeciesradiationhasturnedouttrue.15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Newprocessesofbiologicalevolution.B.Newviewofradiationfromnaturalspecies.C.Newunderstandingofmassextinction.D.Newoutbreaksofbiologicalpopulations.一、广东梅州·二模（4月）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AEverydiligentparentisconstantlylookingforthebestsummeractivitiesfortheirkids.Whetherit’salocaltenniscamp,sportsleagues,orartsandcraftsevents,thereisnoshortageofsummeractivitiesandkidentertainmentthatyoucanfilleachsummerdaywith.Scrolldownbelowtoseethebestsummerideasforyourkids.OutdoorWordGameAllyouneedtodoissettingupmanyhugelettersthatcanbeeasilymoved.Theseletterswillhelpkidsspelloutcertainwords.Teenagerswouldalsolovesomethinglikethisasitgivesthemtheopportunitytospendtheirtimeinlearningnewwords.FlyingaKitePickaclearareatorunandflyakiteofyourchoice.Flyingakiteteachesyourkidspatienceandcoordination.Aplusisthattheyareprettytowatchhighinthesky,withabrightsun,duringafunsummerday!MilkCartonBoatsMakingTakeanoldmilkcartonandshapeitinthefashionofaboat.Youcanevenpaintitandstickatoothpickinit科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

16withatapedflag!Testitoutbyputtingitinwaterinthesinkorbath.Doesitfloat?Ifnot,yourkidscanbrainstormonhowtofixitandtryfixingit.SprayPaintingTobringoutthecreativityinaperson,anactivitycenteredonspraypaintingistheperfectwaytogetthosecreativejuicesflowing.AllyouneedtodoisprovidingplainwhiteT-shirtandsomecansofcoloredspraypaint.Itwillbequitesurprisingtoseesomeoftheoriginalideasthatwillflowfromindividuals.1.Whichgameisofbenefittochildreninlearningnewwords?A.OutdoorWordGame.B.SprayPainting.C.MilkCartonBoatsMaking.D.FlyingaKite.2.WhichisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Patiencedoesnothelpwhenyoutrytoflyakite.B.YouhavetosprayorangejuiceonyourT-shirtinSprayPainting.C.YoulearntosingnewsongswithhugelettersinOutdoorWordGame.D.MilkCartonBoatsMakingdevelopskids’hands-onabilityandthinkingability.3.Whoisthetextprobablyintendedfor?A.Teachers.B.Children.C.Parents.D.Teenagers.BLaurieHoramneverthoughtofhimselfasmusical.Athome,hisdadneverlistenedtomusic,whileoneofhisboardingschoolteacherslabelledhimtonedeaf.Butlastmonthhestartedtobusk.Andwhileheaccompaniesonharmonica(口琴)hisguitar-playingfriendAlanEaton,peopleclap,danceandthrowcoinsintoAlan’sguitarcaseforthelocalfoodbank.Horamcaughthimselfthinking:“How,attheageof80,doIcometobeplayingmusictopeopleonthestreetsofBrad-ford?”Thequestionpreoccupiedhim,because,someyearsagoatafamilygathering,Gavin,oneofhischildren,said,“Youknowwhat,Dad?Itcan’tbecoincidental.Wemusthavegotournaturalabilitiesandinterestfromyou.”Hehasthreesons,twodaughtersandastepsonfromtwomarriages;betweenthem,theycoverarangeofinstrumentsandgenresfromtechnotorock.Horamwasfloored.“Therecan’tbemusicinme,becauseIcan’tplay!”,hesaid.Eightyearsago,Horam,aretiredcivilservant,wasdrivingbackfromatriptotheYorkshirecoastwithhiseldestson,Gavin,whowasvisitingfromCanada.Cavinwantedtostopatamusicshop.Hewalkedoutandsaid,“Hereyouare.Iboughtthisforyou,Dad.It’saharmonica.I’lltrytoshowyouhowtoplayabit.”Theywenttoalocalpub.GavinplayedguitarandLauriesatinthecornerwithhisharmonica,tryingtomakea科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

17soundthatnoonewouldhear.Aftersixmonths,hewasinvitedintothegroup.Unabletoreadmusic,hediscoveredatalentforimprovisation(即兴表演),respondingtoanotewithinamillisecondwithoutbattinganeyelid.“Idon’tplaybyear.Iplaybyheart.”Actually,Horamsays,“Myharmonicaplaysme-howIfeel,whatIam,whatI’vebeen.”MusichasenrichedlifewithfriendshipandmadeHoramfeel“partofsomethingmuchbigger”thanhimself.“Atatimewhenthescopeoflifemightbeshrinking,mineisexpanding,”hesays.“Maybeweneverknowcompletelywhoweareorwhatwecando.”4.WhydidHoramplaytheharmonicaonthestreetsofBradford?A.Tocollectmoneyforcharity.B.Torecallthegoodolddays.C.Tolivehischildhooddream.D.Tobegfoodfrompassers-by.5.What’sthecommonfeatureofHoram’schildren?A.Theyarealldivorced.B.Theyarealltonedeaf.C.Theyareallmusical.D.Theyareallguitarplayers.6.WhatisGavin’sattitudetohisfather’smusicalability?A.Unclear.B.Positive.C.Doubtful.D.Disapproving.7.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.MusicfailstohelpHoramexpresshimself.B.MusichelpsHoramleadacomfortablelife.C.MusichelpsHoramsharpenhisownhearing.D.MusicbringsHoramabroadercircleoflife.CNowyoucanhavepolarbearsaspenfriends.Firstyouneedtofindone,thentranquilizeitandquicklygiveitthenecessarytoolsbeforeitwakesup.It’sanawkwardfirstencounter—howmanyfriendshipsdoyouknowthatstartwithtranquilizers?—andadmittedlyaone-sidedcorrespondence,butsoonthey’llbesendingmessagesdaily.Everymorning,JonAars,aseniorresearcherattheNowegianPolarInstitute,receivesabunchofemailsfromseveralfemalepolarbears,lettinghimknowwheretheyare.Eachyear,Aarsandhiscolleaguesfitaround70polarbearswithatrackingcollarwhichcontinuouslylogsmovement.Onceadaythecollarmakesasatellitecall,sendingthelast24hoursofdatabacktotheInstitute.“Dataaboutmovementhasbeenveryimportanttounderstandhowtheymightrespondtoclimatechange,”Aarsexplains.Awarmingclimatemeansavastamountofseaiceismelting.Severalsealspecies—polarbears’mainfood科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

18—relyonseaice,andmoreoftenthannot,whereseaicecanbefound,sotoocanpolarbears.Butthesecreaturesarebeingforcedtomove.“Wehaveseenthatbearsareindifferentareasthantheyusedtobe-somuchfurthernorth,”Aarsexplains.Thecollarcanalsorecordbodytemperature,whichcantellscientistsifabearhasmovedinsideahabitat-anindicationtheanimalisgoingtogivebirth.Seaicelossisalsohavinganimpactonwherepolarbearsareborn.“Importantareasthattheyusedtogotogivebirthtocubsaremoreorlesslost,”saysAars.“Bearsarenowswimmingasfaras200kilometerstoreachanislandhabitat,”headds,“somethingtheydidnotneedtodo20yearsago.”Aarshopeshisresearchcouldrevealhowtohelphispenfriendsholdoutalittlelonger.“Whatisimportantforusisthatallthisdatatellsushowtheywillrespondinthefuture,”headds.8.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph1?A.Providesomekeyfactsaboutpolarbears.B.Explainhowtodealwithwildpolarbears.C.Suggestwaystosavetranquilizedpolarbears.D.Describehowtogetpolarbearsreadyfortracking.9.Whatisthecollarmainlyusedfor?A.Guidingpolarbearstoseaice.B.Protectingpolarbearsfromhunting.C.Labelingpolarbearsreadytogivebirth.D.Collectingpolarbearsmovementdata.10.Howdoesclimatechangeaffectpolarbears?A.Theyareforcedtomovesouth.B.Theyhavetroublefindingfood.C.Theirhabitatsaretoohottoliveup.D.Theircubsfailtoadapttotheclimate.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Polarbears:creaturesonseaice.B.Climatechange:polarbearsfaceextinction.C.Anotherwake-up:seaicelossisspeedingup.D.Emailsfromtheedge:polarbearssendmessagestoscientists.DProfessorVeenaSahajwalla,2022Australianoftheyear,hascreatedasolutiontoourmassivetrashproblem:wastemicrofactories.Theselittletrashprocessors(处理器)—someassmallas500squarefeet—houseaseriesofmachinesthatrecyclewasteandtransformitintonewmaterialswiththermaltechnology.Thenewall-in-oneapproachcouldleaveourcurrentrecyclingprocessesinthedust.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

19In2018shelaunchedthefirstmicrofactory,establishingamodelofrecyclingthatenablesbusinessesandcommunitiestodevelopcommercialopportunitieswhileaddressinglocalwasteproblems.Asecondonebeganrecyclingplasticsin2019.Now,herlabgroupisworkingwithuniversityandindustrypartnerstocommercializetheirpatentedMicrofactorytechnology.“Thesmallscaleofthemachineswillmakeiteasierforthemtoonedayoperateonrenewableenergy,unlikemostlargemanufacturingplants.Theapproachwillalsoallowcitiestorecyclewasteintonewproductsonlocation,avoidingthelong,ofteninternational,high-emissionjourneysbetweenrecyclingprocessorsandmanufacturingplants.Withamicrofactory,gonearethedaysofneedingseparatefacilitiestocollectandstorematerials,extract(提取)elementsandproducenewproducts,”saysSahajwalla.Traditionally,recyclingplantsbreakdownmaterialsforreuseinsimilarproducts-likemeltingdownplastictomakemoreplasticthings.Sahajwalla’sinventionadvancesthisideabytakingmaterialsfromanoldproductandcreatingsomethingdifferent.“Thekidsdon’tlookliketheparents,”shesays.Sahajwallareferstothisprocessas“thefourthR,”adding“re-form”tothecommonphrase“reduce,reuse,recycle”.ProfessorVeenaSahajwalla’sprogramshelptodevelopinnovationandpromotecooperationwithindustry,ensuringthatsustainablematerialsandprocessesbecomecommerciallypracticalsolutionsfordealingwithwaste.12.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroduceanewtypeoftrashprocessor.B.Tointroducetheprocessofrecyclingwaste.C.Toprovetheseriousnessofthetrashproblem.D.Toshowthecurrentsituationoftrashrecycling.13.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Thefoundingofwastemicrofactories.B.Theinfluencesofwastemicrofactories.C.Theadvantagesofwastemicrofactories.D.Theshockingscaleofwastemicrofactories.14.Whatdoes“re-form”inParagraph3refertoaccordingtoSahajwalla?A.Extractingmaterialsfromthewaste.B.Generatingnewmaterialswithwaste.C.Updatingthewholerecyclingprocess.D.Transformingwasteintosimilarproducts.15.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Afictionnovel.B.Abusinessreport.C.Asciencemagazine.D.Achemicaltextbook.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

20一、广东汕头·二模（4月）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThetraditionalChineselunarcalendardividestheyearinto24solarterms,whichreflecttheChinesepeople’sunderstandingoftime.Hereseveralspecialsolartermsarelisted.RainWaterRainWatersignalstheincreaseinrainfallandriseintemperature.Withitsarrival,theriverwaterdefreezes,wildgeesemovefromsouthtonorth,andtreesandgrassturngreenagain.Extracareisneededtocopewithareturningcoldspellinthisperiod.ThewetanddampweatherduringRainWaterperiodisconsideredharmfulforpeople’sspleen（脾）andstomachaccordingtoChinesemedicalpractice.Therefore,abowlofnutritiousporridgeisthebestchoicetonourishthebody.AwakeningofInsectsAsthethirdsolarterminthelunaryear,itsnameimpliesthatanimalssleepinginwinterareawakenedbyspringthunderandthattheearthbeginstocomebacktolife.Itisthekeytimeforspringagriculturalactivities.Modernmeteorologicalscienceshowsthataroundthisperiod,theearthbecomeswet,thehothumidairfromthenorthisstrongandcreatesfrequentwinds.Forthisreason,thunderoftenoccurs.SpringEquinoxSpringEquinoxsignalstheequallengthofthedayandnighttime.OnthedayoftheSpringEquinox,thesunisdirectlyabovetheequator.Aftertheequinox,thesunmovesnorthwards,resultingingraduallylongerdaytimeintheNorthernHemisphere.Standinganegguprightisapopulargameduringthisperiod.Itisbelievedthatifsomeonecanmaketheeggstand,hewillhavegoodluckinthefuture.GrainRainGrainRainoriginatesfromtheoldsaying,“Rainbringsupthegrowthofhundredsofgrains",whichshowsthatthisperiodofrainfallisextremelyimportantforthegrowthofcropsandpeoplearebusyworkingontheland.GrainRainfallsbetweentheendof'springandthebeginningofsummer,withinfrequentcoldairmovingtothesouthandlingeringcoldairinthenorth.Withdrysoil,anunsteadyatmosphereandheavywindsandsandstormsbecomemorefrequent.1.WhatcanweknowaboutRainWater?A.Riverwaterstartstofreeze.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

21B.Takingoffthethickcoatsisadvisable.C.Livelyspring-likescenerycanbeseen.D.Itfallsbetweentheendofspringandthestartofsummer.2.WhatdoAwakeningofInsectsandGrainRainhaveincommon?A.Farmingseason.B.Animalactivities.C.Airtemperature.D.Frequentthundering.3.Inwhichsolartermwouldpeoplemostprobablyputonmasks?A.RainWater.B.GrainRain.C.SpringEquinox.D.AwakeningofInsects.BMyphilosophyprofessorwasatypicaleccentricphilosopher,whosebehaviorwassomewhatstrange.Hisdisheveled(蓬乱的)appearancewashighlightedbyawell-worntweed(粗花呢)sportcoatandpoor-fittingthickglasses,whichoftenrestedonthetipofhisnose.Everynowandthen,asmostphilosophyprofessorsdo,hewouldgooffononeofthoseexistential“what'sthemeaningoflife”discussions.Manyofthosediscussionswentnowhere,buttherewereafewthatreallyhithome.Thiswasoneofthem:“Respondtothefollowingquestionsbyashowofhands,”myprofessorinstructed.“Howmanyofyoucantellmesomethingaboutyourparents?”Everyone'shandwentup.“Howmanyofyoucantellmesomethingaboutyourgrandparents?”Aboutthree-fourthsoftheclassraisedtheirhands.“Howmanyofyoucantellmesomethingaboutyourgreat-grandparents?”Twooutofsixtystudentsraisedtheirhands.“Lookaroundtheroom,”hesaid.“Injusttwoshortgenerationshardlyanyofusevenknowwhoourowngreat-grandparentswere.Ohsure,maybewehaveanoldphotographtucked(收藏)awayinamustycigarboxorknowtheclassicfamilystoryabouthowoneofthemwalkedfivemilestoschoolbarefoot.Buthowmanyofusreallyknowwhotheywere,whattheythought,whattheywereproudof,whattheywereafraidof,orwhattheydreamedabout?Thinkaboutthat.Withinthreegenerationsourancestorsareallbutforgotten.Willthishappentoyou?”“Here’sabetterquestion.Lookaheadthreegenerations.Youarelonggone.Insteadofyousittinginthisroom,nowit’syourgreat-grandchildren.Whatwilltheyhavetosayaboutyou?Willtheyknowaboutyou?Orwillyoubeforgotten,too?”科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

22“Isyourlifegoingtobeawarningoranexample?Whatlegacywillyouleave?Thechoiceisyours.Classdismissed.”Nobodyrosefromtheirseatsforagoodfiveminutes.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheprofessor?A.Untidybutconsiderate.B.Oddbutthoughtful.C.Fashionableandhelpful.D.Neatandresponsible.5.Whydoestheprofessormention“photograph”and“familystory”inParagraph6?A.Tosharehisowninterestingstories.B.Tosuggestnewwaystoknowtheancestors.C.Toprovetheyaregoodwaystoknowtheancestors.D.Toshowpeople'sunderstandingoftheancestorsareshallow.6.Whatcanweknowaboutthisphilosophyclass?A.Itarousedourthinkingaboutlife.B.Itwentnowherelikethepreviousones.C.Theprofessorwasunsatisfiedwithouranswers.D.Theprofessorofferedushisanswerstothequestions.7.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Ourphilosophyprofessor.B.Alessonaboutlegacy.C.Ourmemorableancestors.D.Agapamongthreegenerations.CFewwouldhaveexpectedthatviewersatthe2022BeijingWinterOlympicswouldincludeanimals.Andyet,coverageoftheeventfeaturedseveralsightingsofwildlife,particularlyleopardcatsapparentlyseekingtogetinontheaction.OnJan31,onthealpineskislopes(高山滑雪坡)inYanqingdistrict,90kilometersnorthwestofBeijing,aleopardcatwasspottedwanderingthroughanaward-ceremonyrehearsal.Theeventcaughttheattentionofvolunteersandstaff,withmanysnappingphotos.Threedayslater,aChinesephotographercapturedanotherleopardcatinthewoodsneartheOlympicskislopes.Thecreatureranpasthim,jumpedoverafenceandlookedback.Leopardcatsarewildfelids,slightlylargerthanhousecats,andtheymostlykeepclearofhumanactivity.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

23However,accordingtoLuoShujin,apassionateskierandaconservationbiologistatPekingUniversity,thefrequentappearanceoftheanimalsclosetotheskirunsindicatesthatthespecieshaspersistedinthishuman-dominatedlandscape,whichisrelativelyclosetoBeijing,Strangely,theircalmmannersuggeststheyarenotfrightenedbyhumanactivity.Intheabsenceofanyresearchdata,itistooearlytodrawanyconclusionsthatthecreationoftheOlympicskiingvenuehasnotaffectedthesurroundingforestsandwildlife.However,it’spossiblethatthewildcatshavetosomeextentalreadyadaptedtocoexistencewithhumans,likelybecausepeopleatthevenuehavenotshownanaggressiveattitudetowardtheanimalssinceitsconstruction.AccordingtoLuo,wildcatsarerarelyseensoclosetobigcities,especiallymetropolitancities.“Ithinkthisisalittle-knownsideofBeijing,”saysLuo,whoisproudthatsuchwildlifecanbefoundsoclosetothecapitalcity.“Suchaneventcausesmetohopethatwecantryourbesttoensurecontinuedcoexistencebetweenwildernessandhumansettlements.”8.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepresenceofleopardcatsaroundthevenue?A.Embarrassing.B.Common.C.Alarming.D.Unexpected.9.Whatisthenaturalcharacteristicofaleopardcat?A.Friendlytohumans.B.Sensitivetocameralight.C.Enthusiasticaboutsports.D.Afraidofhumanactivity.10.WhichofthefollowingmayProfessorLuoagreewith?A.Wildlifeshouldnotbedisturbedbyhumans.B.Wildlifeneedtobekeptawayfrombigcities.C.Humansshouldliveinharmonywithwildlife.D.Humansneedtoadapttothelifestylesofwildlife.11.Whatisthetexttypeofthepassage?A.Anewsreport.B.Asportreview.C.Anofficialannouncement.D.Ananimalencyclopedia.DCouldthesecrettoagoodnight’ssleepbeapencilandpaper?ResearchersatBaylorUniversitypublishedastudyintheJournalofExperimentalPsychologythatclaimswritingato-dolisthelpspeoplegettosleepfaster.“Therearetwoschoolsofthoughtaboutthis,”Theleadresearcher,Scullinsaid.“Oneisthatwritingaboutthefuturewouldleadtoincreasedworryaboutunfinishedtasksanddelaysleep,whilewritingaboutcompleted科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

24activitieswouldnottriggerworry.Thealternativehypothesis(假设)isthatwritingato-dolistwilloffloadthosethoughtsandreduceworry.”Totestthehypotheses,researchersinvited57menandwomenbetweenages18and30tospendoneweeknightinacontrolledsleeplabandtheyweredividedintotwogroups,theexperimentalgroupandthecontrolgroup.Fiveminutesbeforebedtime,eachparticipantwasinstructedtocompleteashortwritingexercise.Thefirstgroupwroteaboutanythingtheyneededtoremembertodointheupcomingdays,whiletheotherwroteabouttaskstheyhadcompletedduringthepreviousdays.Whentheexercisewasdone,participantswenttobed.Researchersmeasuredeachparticipant’sbrainactivityovernightusingatechniquecalledpolysomnography(睡眠多项生理检查),whichrecordseyemovement,muscleactivityandotherbiologicalchanges.Theresearchersfoundthattheparticipantswhowroteto-dolistsfellasleepanaverageof9minutesfasterthanthosewhowroteaboutalready-accomplishedtasks.While9minutesmaynotseemlikealotofextrashut-eye,it’scomparabletotheimprovementseeninclinicaltrialsforsomesleepmedications,ScullintoldTimemagazine.Scullinnotedthatwhilethesamplesizewasappropriateforanexperimental,laboratory-basedpolysomnographystudy,alargerfuturestudywouldbeofvalue.“Measuresofpersonality,anxiety,anddepressionmightmoderatetheeffectsofwritingonfallingasleep,andthatcouldbeexploredinaninvestigationwithalargersample,”hesaid.“Werecruitedhealthyyoungadults,andsowedon’tknowwhetherourfindingswouldgeneralizetopatientswithsleeplessness,thoughsomewritingactivitieshavepreviouslybeensuggestedtobenefitsuchpatients.”12.Whatdoestheword“trigger”inParagraphTwomean?A.Reduce.B.Rid.C.Control.D.Cause.13.What’sthedifferencebetweentheexperimentalgroupandthecontrolgroup?A.Thecontentoftheirwritingexercises.B.Theageandgenderoftheparticipants.C.Thesleepinghoursoftheparticipants.D.Themeasuringmethodofbrainactivity.14.Whatcanweknowabouttheeffectbroughtbywritingato-dolistbeforebed?A.Itshowsnoimprovement.B.Itmakesfallingasleepharder.C.Itissimilartotakingsleepmedications.D.Ithelpstolengthenthesleepinghours.15.Whatisthewritingpurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Toanalyzethecauseoftheexperiment.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

25B.Tostatethelimitationoftheexperiment.C.Toshowthesignificanceoftheexperiment.D.Tocriticizethedrawbackoftheexperiment.一、广东深圳·二模（4月）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASitesforfreeonlineeducationenableyoutolearncoursesinyourcomfortableplace.Thecoursesofthesewebsitesareofferedbytopuniversities.Youcanlearnaspecificsubjectwithoutmuchinvestment.Thesewebsitesoffermanyvideos,articles,ande-bookstoincreaseyourknowledge.CourseraCourseraisafreelearningplatformthatoffersMOOCscoursesfromwell-knownuniversities.Allcoursescontainpre-recordedvideolecturesthatyoucanwatchwhenitisconvenientforyou.Courserahasprogramstogetherwithuniversitiesthatallowyoutogetamaster’sdegree.Youcanexplorevariouscollegecourseswithoutanytrouble.CodeHSCodeHSisalearningsitethat’sspeciallydesignedforstudentstolearncomputerscience.Thiswebsiteprovideslessonplanswhereyoucanaccessvariousresourcestolearnit.Thecoursesaredesignedinawaythatsuitsyourpersonalneeds.Thevideoscanbeviewedonlineaswellasoffline.KhanAcademyThissiteisusefultomatchyourlearninggoals.Youchoosethissitetopersonalizeyourlearningexperience.Thisfreeplatformcanbeusedforlearnersandteachers.Theresourcesofthissiteareavailableonlineaswellasoffline.ThecontentofKhanAcademyisavailableinEnglish,French,German,andmore.ConnectionsAcademyConnectionsAcademyisthebestonlinecoursewebsitethathelpsstudentstolearnfromhome.Thecoursesofthisplatformaredesignedforelementaryschoolandmiddleschool.Thesiteprovidespersonalizedlearningexperiencesandenablesyoutoeasilymeetteachersandclassmatesinthevirtualclassroom.1.What'sspecialaboutCodeHS?A.Itsatisfiespersonalizedneeds.B.Itfocusesonaparticularsubject.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

26C.Itoffersaccesstovideoresources.D.Itservesbothlearnersandteachers.2.Whichofthefollowingbestsuitsjuniorhighstudents?A.Coursera.B.CodeHS.C.KhanAcademy.D.ConnectionsAcademy.3.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Torecommendlearningsites.B.Tointroducevariouscourses.C.Toshareon-lineexperiences.D.Toguideoff-campusstudents.BWangShuangwasjustfivewhenherparentsdivorced,droppedheratheruncle'sandleft.Football,asitoftenis,becameanescape.Atseven,shewasspottedbycoachXuYilong,whofoundWangquickinherplayfulbehaviour.Astheonlygirlintheboys'team,Wang'sperformanceswereimpressive,earningherthenickname“IronGirl.”Andsoon,shesensedthesport'spower.Footballallowedherto“releaseherself"andrealize“whateverhappens,footballneverleavesyoualone.”Howeverlifewasneversmoothsailing.Theconstantjibes(嘲讽)fromsomepeople,whoalwaystriedtopushherdownanddestroyherhopes,affectedhersodeeplythatshelostconfidence.“TheyweresayingIhadnotalentatall.Gradually,Ifeltreallyso.”Wangoncewrote.Butneverdidshestopplaying.Whenshewascalleduptothenationalteam,aged17,Wangthought,“Me?Areyousure?”Whenaworld-famousclubwantedtosignher,shewas“excitedthatanexcellentcoachthoughtIwasgood.”Itwasonlythenthatshefeltconfidentinherabilities.“Ifeltrecognized.PerhapsIhadabitoftalentafterall.”Notany“bitoftalent”;thegeniusispraisedasChina'sonce-in-a-generationplayer.Chinaisapioneerofwomen'sfootballinAsiaandhaswonthecontinentalchampionshipeighttimes,includingsevenstraighttitlesbetween1986and1999.Thatwastheirgoldenage.Gradually,though,thedynastydeclined.ItishopedthatWangwillinspirethewomen'sfootballofthecountrytoitsformerheight.Coachesarealmostalwayshesitanttospeakaboutindividualplayers.ButwhencoachShuiwasaskedaboutWangbeforethematchagainstVietnam,shecouldn'tstopmentioningherinfluenceontheteam.Unfailinglyperformingonthebigstage,Wangdidnotletherteamdown.Whentheylackedaqualityball,shedeliveredtwohighassiststhatfinallyledherteamintothelast-fourclash(四分之一决赛).“Nobodyknowshowharditwas,”declaredWangafterthematch.“Weovercamedifficulties.Wealsoshowedourstrongspiritualpower.Iamproudofmyteam.”4.WhatcanweinferaboutWangfromthesecondparagraph?A.Sheearnedalivingonherown.B.Shewasreleasedfromtheteam.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

27C.Shewaslaughedatbytheboys.D.Shefoundasenseofbelonging.5.HowdidWangregainfaithinherabilities?A.Bywinningrecognition.B.Byobtaininginspiration.C.Byplayinginthenationalteam.D.Byignoringotherpeople'sjibes.6.WhichwouldbestdescribecoachShui'sattitudetoWang?A.Conservative.B.Contradictory.C.Favourable.D.Demanding.7.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.WangShuang:ASteelRoseB.WangShuang:AChildGeniusC.WangShuang:AFootballPioneerD.WangShuang:AGoldenAgeCreatorCEndangeredpolarbearsarebreeding（繁殖）withgrizzlybears（灰熊）,creating“pizzly”bears,whichisbeingdrivenbyclimatechange,scientistssay.AstheworldwarmsandArcticseaicethins,starvingpolarbearsarebeingforcedeverfurthersouth,wheretheymeetgrizzlies,whoserangesareexpandingnorthwards.Andwiththatgrowingcontactbetweenthetwocomeincreasinghybrids（杂交种）.Withcharacteristicsthatcouldgivethehybridsanadvantageinwarmingnorthernhabitats,somescientistsguessthattheycouldbeheretostay.“Usually,hybridsaren'tbettersuitedtotheirenvironmentsthantheirparents,butthesehybridsareabletosearchforabroaderrangeoffoodsources,”LarisaDeSantis,anassociateprofessorofbiologicalsciencesatVanderbiltUniversity,toldLiveScience.Theriseof“pizzly”bearsappearswithpolarbears'decline:theirnumbersareestimatedtodecreasebymorethan30%inthenext30years.Thissuddenfallislinkedpartlyto“pizzly”bearstakinguppolarbears'ranges,wheretheyoutcompetethem,butalsotopolarbears'highlyspecializeddiets.“PolarbearsmainlyconsumedsoftfoodsevenduringtheMedievalWarmPeriod,apreviousperiodofrapidwarming,”DeSantissaid,referringtofatmealssuchasseals.“Althoughallofthesestarvingpolarbearsaretryingtofindalternativefoodsources,likeseabirdeggs,itcouldbeatippingpointfortheirsurvival.”Actually,thecaloriestheygainfromthesesourcesdonotbalanceoutthosetheyburnfromsearchingforthem.Thiscouldresultinahabitatreadyforthehybridstomoveinandtakeover,leadingtoalossinbiodiversityifpolarbearsarereplaced.“We'rehavingmassiveimpactswithclimatechangeonspecies,”DeSantissaid.“Thepolarbearistellingushowbadthingsare.Insomesense,“pizzly”bearscouldbeasadbutnecessarycompromisegivencurrentwarming科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

28trends.”8.Whydopolarbearsmovefurthersouth?A.Tocreatehybrids.B.Toexpandterritory.C.Torelievehunger.D.Tocontactgrizzlies.9.Whatmakes“pizzly”bearsadapttonaturalsurroundingsbetterthantheirparents?A.Broaderhabitats.B.Morefoodoptions.C.Climatepreference.D.Improvedbreedingability.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“atippingpoint”inparagraph5referto?A.Ararechance.B.Acriticalstage.C.Apositivefactor.D.Aconstantchange.11.What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.Polarbearsarechangingdietsforclimatechange.B.Polarbearshavealreadyadjustedtoclimatechange.C.“Pizzly”bearsareontherisebecauseofglobalwarming.D.“Pizzly”bearshavereplacedpolarbearsforglobalwarming.DTherechargeablelithium-ion（锂离子）batterymarketisworthmorethan＄50billion.Lithium-ionbatteries,whosedemandcontinuestogoupdaybyday,areusedinawiderangeofelectronicdevices.Theyaremadeoffourmaincomponents,andcathode（阴极）isoneofthem.Thecathode'sactivematerialtypeiswhatdeterminesthecapacityofabattery.Arecentstudy,ledbyWangYan,amaterialscientistofWorcesterPolytechnicInstitute,findsthatlithium-ionbatteriesmadewithrecycledcathodesworkbetterthanthosewithnewcathodes.“Thebatteryindustryisexpectedtogrowsharplyinthenextdecade.Thishighdemandhasledcompaniestogotoextremes,likeincreasingdeep-seamining,togainaccesstothemineralsusedinlithium-ionbatteries,”Wangsaid.“Miningmineralswillhaveenvironmentalimpacts.Recyclingspentlithium-ionbatteriesoffersawayout.”Butuntilnow,theprospectofusingrecycledmaterialsinlithium-ionbatterieshassomemanufacturers（制造商）worryingthatitcouldimpactperformance.Thus,lithium-ionbatteriesarestillnotwidelyrecycled.Awareofdecreasingresourcesandenvironmentalimpact,Wangandotherresearcherssetouttofindawaytomakerecyclinglithium-ionbatterieseconomicallypractical.Throughexperiments,theycouldrecovermorethan90%ofthekey科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

29metalsfromspentbatteries.Theserecoveredmetalsbecamethebasisofthenewrecycledbattery'scathode'sactivematerial.IntestsbetweenWang'steam'srecycledbatteriesandbrand-newbatteriesofthesamecomposition,therecycledbatteriesoutperformthenewonesintheirabilitytomaintaincapacity.Ittook11,600chargecyclesforrecycledcathodebatteriestolose30percentoftheiroriginalcapacity.Thatwasabout50percentbetterthanthe7,600observedcyclesfornewcathodebatteries,theteamreported.Thosethousandsofextracyclescouldtranslateintoyearsofbetterbatteryperformance,evenafterrepeateduseandrecharging.12.Whatcanwelearnaboutlithium-ionbatteriesfromthefirstparagraph?A.Theyarehighinprice.B.Theyareingreatdemand.C.Theyarelimitedinuse.D.Theyaresimpleincomposition.13.WhatdoesWangmainlytalkaboutinparagraph3?A.Thetargetusersofrecycledbatteries.B.Thewaystogetmineralsforbatteries.C.Themajorreasonsforrecyclingbatteries.D.Thecomplexprocessofrecyclingbatteries.14.Whatarethemanufacturersconcernedabout?A.Decliningmineralresources.B.Difficultrecyclingtechniques.C.Seriousenvironmentalproblems.D.Inefficientbatteryperformance.15.Whichofthefollowingdetailsbestsupportsthemainideaofthetext?A.Thebatteryindustryisgoingtodevelopdramatically.B.Recyclingbatteriesreducesimpactontheenvironment.C.Scientistscanrecoverkeymaterialsfromspentbatteries.D.Recycledbatteriesoutperformnewonesinchargingcircles.一、广东湛江·二模（4月）AXi'anenjoysareputationsasa“LivingHistoryMuseum”duetoitsrich,diversecollectionofhistoricalandculturaltreasures.ApartfromtheTerracottaWarriors,therearealsosomeotherattractionsinthecity.Herearesomeofthem.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

30AncientCityWallXi'anCityWallwasbuiltinthe14thcenturyintheMingDynastyasamilitarydefensesystem.NowitisoneoftheoldestandbestpreservedChinesecitywalls.Thewallisnowalandmark,dividingthecityintoinnerandouterareas.GiantWildGoosePagoda（塔）Situatedinanancienttemple,thepagodabuiltwithlayersofbrickswasbuiltintheTangDynasty.ItistraditionalChinesearchitecture.OneofthemainfunctionsofthepagodawastostoreBuddhistscriptures（经文）andfigurinesbroughttoChinafromIndiabythefamousmonkandtravelerXuanZang,whostayedherefor19yearstranslatingBuddhistscriptures.ShaanxiHistoryMuseumTheShaanxiHistoryMuseum,builtin1991，ishometoover370,000preciousrelicsunearthedinShaanxiovertheyears,Themuseumconsistsofthreemainsections.Itscollectionsrangefrombronzeware（器血）topotteryware,goldandsilverwareandmuralpaintingsfromtheTangDynastytombs.TheMuslimQuarterOneofthehighlightsisitslocalsnackswhenyoutourXian.ThebestfooddestinationistheMuslimQuarter，whichhasahistoryofseveralhundredyears.Consistingofanumberoffoodstreets,theareahasbecomeafamousattractioninthecityforitsrichandauthenticMuslimculturalatmosphere.1.InwhichplacecanyouknowmoreaboutBuddhism?A.AncientCityWall.B.GiantWildGoosePagoda.C.ShaanxiHistoryMuseum.D.TheMuslimQuarter.2.WhatcanyoudowhenyouvisittheMuslimQuarter?A.Greatsomebronzewares.B.Eatdiversedelicioussnacks.C.Visitsomewatchtowers.D.TranslateBuddhistscriptures.3.Whatdoyouknowfromthetext?A.TheShaanxiHistoryMuseumhasexhibitsmadeofgold.B.XuanZangdiedintheGiantWildGoosePagoda.C.TheXi'anCityWallistheoldestChinesecitywall.D.TheMuslimQuarterhasahistoryof100years.B科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

31HuaShengandLuSheng,aretiredTibetancouple,havebecometrailblazers（开拓者）ofgrapegrowingandwine-makingintheiroldages.LuShenglearnedgrapeplantingandwinemakingfromhergrandmother’ssister.Sincetheyretired,thecouplehavemovedtoLhasafromthevillageofYakhadi.Thoughthefactthattheregion’scapital,whichis3,600metersabovesealevel,isconsideredunfitforgrowinggrapes,LuShengandHuaShengbegananambitiousprojectin2015,plantinggrapesinTsalna,atowninthesuburbofLhasa.Theyreceivedsupportfromthelocalgovernment,whichiscommittedtodevelopingbusinessandtheeconomy.Thecouple’sprojectprovidesjobsforruralresidents,and,asaresult,thegovernmenthasconsideredtheprojectpartofitspovertyreliefprogram.“LhasaisanidealplaceforplantingFrenchgrapevarietiesthatareresistanttocold,droughtanddisease,andadaptabletohigh-altitudeandopen-airplanting,"LuShengsaid.“Thankstotheplateau’ssunshineandorganicplanting,ourgrapesgrowverywellhereinLhasa.Thegrapesareabitsourandsweet,andtheyhaveahighanthocyanin（花青素）content,”shesaid.Anthocyanins,whichareingrapecellsandcontributerichcolortowine,arewater-soluble（水溶性的）.In2018,HuaShengandLuShengexpandedtheirproject,plantingonnearly6.67hectares.InordertofamiliarizeTibetanfarmerswithgrapeplantingandwinemaking,theytaughttheskillstolocalvillagers.“Wehavesuccessfullytaughtthelocalfarmershowtogrowgrapesandmakewineoverthethreeyears.Theynowhaveanewsourceofincomebesidestraditionalfarrmingandherding,”HuaShengsaid.Yudron,aresidentofNam,saidshewasgratefultothegrapeplantingprojectinhervillage,whichhascontributedtoherincomeandqualityoflife."Afterworkinginthevineyardsforyears,nowweknowhowtomakewine.Wedrinkbothbarleyandgrapewinenow.Welovegrapewinemore,though,asitishealthier.4.Whatdidthecoupledoaftertheirretirement?A.TheygrewgrapesandmadewineinLhasa.B.TheymadefriendswithaFrenchexpert.C.TheymovedtoanothercityfromLhasa.D.TheylearnedgrapeplantingfromHuaSheng’Sgrandmother.5.Whywasthecouple’sprojectthoughtofasapovertyreliefprogram?A.Theydonatedgrapestolocalschools.B.Theyprovidedfreewineforvillagers.C.Theyemployedlocalresidentsasworkers.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

32D.Theyexpandedtheprojectwiththelocalgovernment.6.Whichisthefunctionofanthocyanins?A.Theymakegrapesmoredelicious.B.Theycanacceleratethegrowthofgrapes.C.Theymakegrapes宣bitsourandsweet.D.Theyproviderichcolor’sforwine.7.For/theprojectconductedbythecouple,Yudronis________.A.appreciativeB.cautiousC.indifferentD.hesitateCTobogganing,orsledding(雪橇),likelycomesbeforethecolonizationofNorthAmerica.RecordsshowthatCanada’sFirstPeoplesusedsmallsledstotransporttheirbelongingsandfoodbetweencamps,RaymondFlowerwritesinTheHistoryofSkiingandOtherWinterSports.Butmodern-daysledracescantracetheiroriginsbacktotheSwissAlpsinthelate1800swhenBritishtouristsdecidedtoraceinwoodenluges(asledusedbyoneperson)thatlocalshadusedtotravelthroughsnow.TheoriginisdebatableinsnowynorthernNewYork,however,wherethere$evidencethatAlbanyheldbobsled(asledusedbytwoormorepeople)racesasearlyas1885.Wherevertheybegan,sledracesquicklybecamepopular.ThefamousCrestaRun,namedaftertheSwisstownnearthebaseofitscourse,wasbuiltin1885usingsnowbanks.Thefirstorganizedcompetitionwasin1898,hostedbythefirstbobsledclubinnearbySt.Moritz(acityinSwitzerland).Itwasthenthatsleddingbegantoseparatefromthelugetoincludetwonewsports:bobsledding,andskeletonsledding(俯式雪橇).CrestaRunisconsideredthebirthplaceoftheskeleton,aparticularlydaringformofsledding.Unliketheluge,wherecompetitorsridefeet-firstonasledwithmetalrunners,theskeletonsleddingisasteelsledwithaslimappearance.Ridersliedownonthesledheadfirst,thendropsuddenlydownanicetrack.Bobsledding,meanwhile,involvesteamsoftwotofourinwhichthepersoninfrontcontrolsdirectionsandtheplayerinbackbrakeswhenneeded.Itearneditsnameaftercompetitorsstartedswingingbackandforthtospeedupthesled.Bobsleddinginitiallyovertookskeletonsleddinginpopularity,becomingoneofahandfulofsportsplayedatthefirstWinterGamesin1924.TheskeletonsleddingwaslimitedtotheCrestaRunfordecadesbecauseotherbobrunsaroundtheworldwerenotbuiltforthesteelskeletonsled.Butinthe1970s,adjustmentsweremadetoboththeskeletonandbobrunsinordertoincludetheeventatfuturewintergames.8.WhatcanweinferaboutRaymondFlower?A.Heisawriter.B.Heisgoodatsledding.C.Heinventedthesleddingrace.D.Hesetthefirstrecordofsledding.9.Howdoesskeletonsleddingdifferfromtheluge?A.Skeletonsleddingrunsonmetalrunners.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

33B.Skeletonsleddingdoesn’thavebackbrakes.C.RidersonSkeletonsleddingsledwiththeirfeet.D.Skeletonsleddingneedsplayerstoliedownonitheadfirst.10.Whatlimitedthepopularityofskeletonsledding?A.Itsspecialshape.B.Itsspeed.C.Itssteelrunners.D.Itsunsuitableadjustments.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Whyissleddingsopopular?B.HowdidsleddingdevelopinSwitzerland?C.Whataresleddingadventuresabout?D.HowdidpeoplekilltimeinNorthAmerica?DNotplaisaLondon-basedfirmthatmakesaseaweed-basedsubstituteforsingleuseplasticpackaging.AlthoughsomeofNotpla'sproductsaresuitabletobeeaten,theyaredesignedtobedissolved(溶解)afterusage.Thecompanysfilmwrapismadeofseaweedlininginsteadofaconventionalplasticbasedcoating.Thismakesthefilmfullybiodegradableandidealforuseaspackagingforcupboardandbathroomsupplieslikecoffeeandtoiletpaper.AccordingtotheUnitedNations,331millionkilogramsofplasticgarbageisproducedannuallyaroundtheworld.Roughly60%oftheestimated9.15billiontonsofplasticproducedsincetheearly1950shasbeentakentolandfillsorabandonedoutdoors.Plasticsharmthewater,theair,andourbodies.Manyexpertsagreethatsingle-useplasticsareunnecessaryanddangerous.SomegovernmentsandtownsintheUniteStateshavetakenaction.NewYorkhasbannedmostplasticshoppingbags,whileplasticstraws(吸管)havebeenbannedinMiamiBeach.Overseas,IndiastatedinAugustthatitplanstoputawidebanonsingle-useplasticsthisupcomingsummer,withtheEuropeanUnionalreadyimplementingthisban.Seaweedcomesinavarietyofspeciesandcanbeharvestedorfarmed.Notplausesplantsthathavebeenfarmed.RodrigoGarciaGonzalezandPierrePaslie,theinventorsofNotpla,initiallyconsideredseaweedasasolutiontotheworld'splasticproblemforseveralreasons.Seaweedisabundantandgrowsquickly.Additionallyitdoesn'tcompetewithlandcropsandishighlyfavoredforitsabilitytoremovesomewasteproductslikecarbonfromtheatmosphere.IncooperationwiththeonlinefoodorderingserviceJustEat,thestartuprecentlytesteditsproduct.Lastyear,科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

34thetwocompanieshandedout30,000takeawayboxesatvariousUKrestaurants.PlansareintheworkstooffertheboxesacrossEuropein2022.Notpla'steamintendstoreplacesingleuseplasticinthesupplychainmoregenerallyastheyscaleThecompanyrecognizesthedifficultyofsuchajobgiventhevolumeofplasticsconsumedaroundtheworld.12.Howdoestheauthormainlydevelopparagraph2?A.Bycomparingfacts.B.Bypresentingfigures.C.Byraisingquestions.D.Bygivingexamples.13.Whatcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"implementing"inparagraph3?A.Lifting.B.Protecting.C.Opposing.D.Performing.14.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Thewideuseofseaweed.B.Thenextgoalofthenewstudy.C.Thehugemarketoftheplasticbags.D.Theadvantagesofchoosingseaweed.15.Whatdoesthecompanythinkofitsplantoreplacethewholesingleuseplastic?A.Itwillbeunpractical.B.Itwillberichlyrewarded.C.Itwillbealittletough.D.Itwillberathersuccessful.一、广东顺德·一模第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWeallgetanxious.Whileanxietyisanormalhumanemotionfeltbyallpeopleatsomepointoranother,anxietydisorderscanmakecertainaspectsoflifeunmanageable,suchassocialsituationsortest-takingatschool.It’simportantforeachpersontofindadailyroutineandtreatmentapproachthatworksforthem.Self-helpbooksthattargetanxietymanagementcanbeaveryusefulpartofthetreatmentjourney.Herearethebestofthem.BeCalmDesignedtobeusedmoreasareferencebookratherthanasa“sitdownandread”book,“BeCalm”istheresultoftechniquesthatauthorandpsychologistDr.JillWeberhasseenworkforherpatientsafteryearsofobservation.Thebookcanhelpyoufindrelieffromheightenedanxietyquicklybyusingthereferenceguidetofindoptionsforreliefatthemoment.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

35FeelingBetterIttargetsteenissuesspecifically.Pressuresfromschool,peers,andfuturegoalscancreateconfusion,stress,andanxiety.Understandingandimplementingpositivestressmanagementtechniquescanhelpteenagersavoidfallingintoself-destructivestressmanagementpatterns.Itcontainsessentialskillsandactivitiestohelpteensmanagemoods,boostself-esteem,andconqueranxiety.DareTheauthorBarryMcDonaghisatrainedphysicianwithawealthofexperiencetreatingandmanaginganxietydisorders.Histechniqueswillhelpyouminimizeyourpanicattacksaswellasgiveyouthecouragetofaceanyanxiousmoments.Healsorecommendstherightsupplementsthatyoucantaketorelieveyouranxietyandgainyourconfidenceback.DBT®SkillsThisisoneofthebooksphysiciansrecommendforanxiety.Itcontainsdifferenthandoutsandworksheetsthatgiveyoudetailedprocedurestohandleanxiety.Notonlycanthesehandoutsandworksheetsbeusedbyprofessionalsintreatinganxietybutalsotheyarewritteninaneasytoreadandunderstandmannersothatyoucaneasilyunderstandit.1.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tosharebooksforanxiety.B.Torecommendphysicians.C.Toexplaincausesofanxiety.D.Togiveadvicetopatients.2.Whichbookisespeciallyhelpfulforteenagers?A.Dare.B.FeelingBetter.C.BeCalm.D.DBT®Skills.3.WhatdoweknowaboutDBT®Skills?A.Itiswrittenbyphysicians.B.Itworksbestforprofessionals.C.Ithaspracticalworksheets.D.Itincludestheauthor’sexperiences.BMadisonstaredthroughthewindowandwatchedapuffywhitecloudpassoverthewoodsacrossfromtheschool.Itmustbewonderfultobeabird,shethought.Totalfreedom.Nomathclasstositin,andherdayswouldbespentonhorseback.Shethoughtofherhorse,Star.“Madison.Couldyoupleasejoinusagain?”Mrs.Smithsaid.“Iwasjustaskingtheclassifanyonehadanyproblemswiththehomeworkassignment.”“Well,Ididn’thaveanyproblemsdoingit,butIhadproblemsrememberingtoputitinmyschoolbagafterIdidit.”Somegigglingspreadthroughtheroom.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

36“Madison.Idon’tknowwhatIamgoingtodowithyou.You’resuchasmartgirlbutyoujustdon’tapplyyourself.Class,clearyourdesks.OurguestishereandwelcomeDoctorLandon.Heisaveterinarian(兽医).HecameheretodayaspartofourcontinuedCareerExplorationsProgram.”MadisontriedtofocusasDoctorLandontalkedabouthowimportantgradeswereandhowhestruggledwithmathwhenhewasakid.DoctorLandonwasstilltalkingbutshelosttrackofwhathewassaying.Thenawordcaughtherattention.Horse.Washetalkingabouthorses?Gradually,MadisonknewDoctorLandonhadcometohertownandhousewhenherhorse,Star,neededcare.Shelikeditthatheevenknewherhorse’sname.“So,youjusttravelaroundandtakecareofhorsesalldaylong?”DoctorLandonnodded.“Itravelwithmytrucktotakecareofhorsesandponiesacrossthecounty.Itisalotofwork,butIloveit.”Madison’smouthfellopen.Whatalifethatmustbe,shethought.Atthatmoment,sittinginclass,Madisoncouldseeherfutureandherlifesuddenlyseemedbigger.Bythetimeshegotoffthebusthatafternoon,herplansfortheafternoonhadchanged.ShewasstillgoingtorideStar,butfirstshewasgoingtospendanhourstudyingmath.Thentomorrowshe’dspendanhourstudyingscience.4.WhywasMadisoncalledbyMrs.Smithinclass?A.Becauseshehadproblemswithmath.B.Becauseshewasabsent-mindedinclass.C.Becauseshewasdistractedbythebirdsoutside.D.Becausesheforgottobringherhomeworkback.5.WhywasDoctorLandoninvitedtotheclass?A.Tocallforcareforanimals.B.Toenrichstudents’outdooractivities.C.Toemphasizetheimportanceofstudy.D.Tohelpstudentswiththeircareerchoices.6.WhatcanbeinferredaboutMadisonfromthelastparagraph?A.Shewasgreatlyinspired.B.Shepreferredmathtoscience.C.Shedidn’tbelieveLandon’sstory.D.Shechangedherhobbycompletely.7.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AnExcitingHorseRidingB.AnInterestingMathClassC.MadisonDreamsBigD.MadisonPursuesFreedomC科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

37Wouldyousailover12,900kilometresacrossthePacificOceaninaboatmadefromplasticbottles?In2010,acrewofsixpeopledid.TheysailedonthePlastiki,an18.3-metreboatmadefromrecycledmaterials.EverythingaboutthePlastikiwasenvironmentallyfriendly.Thesailswereproducedfromrecycledplasticandthemaststhatheldthemfromusedaluminumpipes.Organicmaterials,suchasgluemadefromnutsandsugar,wereusedtokeepthebottlesinplace.Topowertheboat,solarpanelsandwindturbineswereused.Duringthejourney,crewmemberslivedinaplasticcabin.Theirdailyroutineconsistedofsleeping,eatinganddoingchores.Forfood,theymainlysurvivedonfreshvegetablesgrowninahanginggardenaswellascannedanddriedfood.Theyalsoatefreshfish,butweresurprisedtodiscoverthattheyfoundmoreplasticthanfish.“Fromabove,theoceansstilllookbeautifulanduntouched,”Davidsaid,“butjustbelowthesurfaceisthistoxicstewthatcouldquicklyenduponourdinnerplates.”Theleader,David,organisedthevoyageinordertodrawpeople’sattentiontotheenvironmentaldangersouroceansfaceandtheneedtorecycleplastic.Heplannedtovisitdamagedcoralreefsandislandsindangerfromrisingsealevels.However,hismostimportantobjectivewastoseetheGreatPacificGarbagePatch,ahugemassofplasticparticlesfloatingintheNorthPacific.Davidhopedthat,bysailingthroughthePatch,hecouldshowtheworldhowseriousplasticpollutionhadbecome.Unfortunately,thePlastikiwasmoredifficulttocontrolthanexpected.Therefore,theboatmisseditsmaindestination.However,thecrewdidmakestopsatislandsinthemid-Pacific,wheretheypickedupsuppliesandtalkedtolocalstudents.Alongtheway,theybattledfierceoceanstorms,tornsailsandtemperaturesthatreachedupto38°C.WhenthePlastikifinallysailedintoSydney’sharbour,thecrewweregreetedbycheers.ThePlastiki’sjourneyhadshownthatifweunderstandhowtousewastematerialsefficiently,theycanbetransformedintovaluableresources.Ithadalsorevealedthatitwasmoreimportantthanevertodeliveraseriousmessage:ouroceansarefillingupwithplasticfasterthanwethought.8.WhatwasspecialaboutthePlastiki?A.Ithadhigh-techequipment.B.Itwasmadeofgreenmaterials.C.ItoncecrossedthePacificOcean.D.Ithadaprofessionalcrewonit.9.WhatwasthepurposeofthePlastiki’svoyage?A.Toprotectendangeredoceanlife.B.Totestthesafetyofanewboat.C.Tostoppeopleusingplasticproducts.D.Tohighlighttheplasticwasteproblem.10.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPlastiki’svoyage?A.Boringbutcarbon-free.B.Controversialbutfruitful.C.Aimlessbutcomfortable.D.Challengingbutsignificant.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

3811.Whatmessageisconveyedinthelastparagraph?A.Limitedresourcesshouldbevalued.B.Actionsmustbetakenbyindividuals.C.Plasticwastecanbeturnedintotreasure.D.Environmentalproblemscanbeeasilysolved.DProstheticlimbs(义肢)havebeenaroundforalongtime.Theoldestknowndatesbackmorethan3,000years.Butprostheticswhichbehaveliketherealthing,aswellaslookinglikeit,arestillverymuchaworkinprogress.AndagroupatShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,inChina,havejustcomeupwithasignificantadvance—anaffordableprosthetichandthatnotonlyrespondslikearealonetosignalsfromthewearer’sbrain,butisalsoabletosignalbacktothebrainwhatitistouchinganddoing.GuGuoyingandhiscolleaguesdescribetheirinventioninNatureBiomedicalEngineering.Itsfingersaremadeofrigidtubes,connectedtoa3D-printedplasticpalm.Incontrasttocurrentmodels,whichareelectricallypowered,DrGu’shandispoweredpneumaticallybyapumpheldinawaistbag.Thisreducesitsweightbelow300grams—halfthatofsomecurrentmodels,andless,indeed,thantheweightofarealhand.Thebigadvanceisthatitdoesnotrequireinvasivesurgeryorelectronicimplantsintotheresiduallimbtocommunicatewiththeuser’sbrain.Sensorsontheskinrecordelectricalactivityfromtheremainingarmmuscles.Inanintactarm,thisactivitywouldtellthosemuscleshowtooperatethehand.DrGuandhiscolleaguescomparedtheefficacyoftheirinventionwiththatofexistingmodelsusingtestsincludingwriting,graspingandliftingobjects,liftingfoodtothemouth.Normally,theyfound,itworkedbetter—particularlyfordelicatetaskslikehandlingfragileobjects,pettingacatandshakinghands.TheotherattractionofDrGu’sinventionisthatitischeap.Thecomponentsitismadefromcostabout$500.Existingmodelsmaysellfor$10,000ormore.Ifit,orsomethingsimilar,goesintoproduction,thatwillpermitthetransformationofmanymoreofthelivesofthe5millionpeoplewhohavelostahand,orwerebornwithoutone,thanispossibleatthemoment.12.WhatmainlymakesDrGu’sprosthetichandlighter?A.Itisheldinawaistbag.B.Itismadeof3D-printingplastic.C.Itispoweredinadifferentway.D.Ithasspeciallydesignedfingers.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“efficacy”inparagraph4referto?A.Design.B.System.C.Construction.D.Performance.14.WhichmainlycontributestothewideruseofDrGu’sprosthetichand?科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

39A.Affordableprice.B.Smoothoperation.C.AdvancedtechnologyD.Strikingappearance.15.ThetextismainlyaboutDrGu’sprosthetichand’s________.A.materialsB.advantagesC.inventionprocessD.researchteam一、广东广州·一模第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AScientificeducationaltoyscandevelopkid’sreasoning,problem-solvingandcriticalthinkingcapacityandimprovetheirhand-eyecoordination(协调).Butthemostpowerfulthingisthatthechildrenwillassociatelearningwithfun.Thatmeanstheywillgrowintoadultswithathirstforknowledgeandahighlydevelopedsetofskillsforlearning.Herearesomeofthebest:·ScienceKitYoucanguaranteetwothingsifyoubuyyourkidsone:alotoffunandalotofmess.It’sa20-piecekitthatteachesthebasicsofchemicalreactions.It’srecommendedforkidsaged6andabove,withadultcompany.Youdon’thavetobeascientist,sincethereisanactivitybookwithinstructionsforpossibleexperiments.·MiniTerraKitYoudon’thavetowaitforthesuntocomeouttoteachkidsaboutthenaturalworld.Thisall-inclusivekitisaminiaturegardenthatsimulatesanaturalenvironmentbyusingapowerfulLEDlight.Itincludesaterrariumjar,light-upjarlid,MicroUSBcharger,andallthenaturalingredientstogetstarted.Italsohasasimpleinstructionbookletthatyoucanworkthroughwithyourkids.·GravityRunThisclassicisnotjustaboutbuildingastructureandwatchingthemarblesgoupanddown.Thegamesaredesignedforkidsaged8+todevelopspatialawareness,planning,andreasoning.With60challenges(beginnertoexpert),thisaward-winninggamecanbeenjoyedbyallthefamily.Theexpertlevelsareactuallyquitechallenging,sobepreparedforsomefailures.·WeRoKitThisprize-winningrobottoyfeaturesover840pieces,aWeRoMoveHub,InteractiveMoto,andaDistanceSensor.Youcanbuilditinto5completelydifferentrobots,meaningendlessfunforthekidsandevenadults.Oncethey’vebuiltthecharacteroftheirchoice,theycanprogrammeittoperformcountlesstasksincludingwalkingandtalkingonitsown.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

401.Whatisthegreateststrengthofscientificeducationaltoys?A.Trainingyoungscientists.B.StimulatinglearningdesireC.Developinghand-eyecoordination.2.Whichtoysuitskidswhoenjoygrowingplants?A.SciencekillB.MiniTerraKit.C.GravityRun.D.WeRoKit.3.WhatisspecialaboutWeRoKit?A.Ithasdifferentlevels.B.Itistheonlyprize-winner.C.Itrequiresparentalguidance.D.Itinvolvesprogrammingskills.BSometimesabookcomesalongthatisn’tjust“interesting”or“welldone”—it’sabookwhereitseemsliketheauthorlookedintoyourbrainandwroteabookspecificallyforyou.Abooklikethatformewasreleasedthisweek.It’scalled100ThingsWe’veLosttotheInternet,writtenbyeditorPamelaPaul.Paullists100thingsweusedtodothattheInternethaseitherchangedortakenovercompletely:writingletters,printnewspapers,thejoysofbeingbored,andhothavingalltheknowledgeintheworldinyourpocket.AsI’malongtimeaccumulatorofrandomknowledge,certainentriesonthelist—BeingtheOnlyOne,FiguringOutWhoThatActoris—hitmewherelive;rememberingdetailedfactsisnolongernearlyasimpressivewheneveryonehasthecapabilitytofindtheanswerinseconds.Onandonthelistgoes,witheveryminorshiftaddingtothepile.Whatthisbookdoessowellisillustratethegrowthofthatpile;whileanyindividualitemmightbenobigdeal,thecollectedsetissignificant.It’salistofwaysinwhichtheworldnowisdifferentfromtheworldthen.Obviously,Paulisn’tsayingthateverythingbackthenwasbetter.Timemarcheson,afterall.andit’stoughtoargueagainstthemanybenefitsthattheInternethasbroughtintoourlives.Butthatisn’treallythepoint.It’snotaboutwhetheritusedtobebetter.It’sthatitusedtobedifferent.100ThingsWe’veLosttotheInternetisafunreadforthoseofuswhosharesomeofPaul’smemoriesandexperiences.Werememberwhatitwaslikeandweliketoremember.Thelandscapehasshifted,andnodoubtitwillshiftagainastechnology’sadvancementcontinuesapace.Thisbookservesasareminderofthesimpletruththatwhengainsaremade,sometimessomethingislost.4.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

41A.Toreviewandrecommendagoodread.B.TocommentontheeffectoftheInternet.C.Toarguefortheviewpointofanewbook.D.Tourgethereaderstovaluewhattheyhave.5.WhichmightbeentriesonPaul’slist?A.MapsandEyeContact.B.E-payandCompactDisks.C.PostcardsandHomeschoolingD.BadPhotosandWashingMachines.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hitmewherellive”inparagraph3mean?A.ProvewhatI’mgoodat.B.IntroducehowIgrewup.C.DescribetheplaceIlivein.D.Speakoutwhatisonmymind.7.WhatconclusionhastheauthordrawnafterreadingPaul’sbook?A.Thingsinthepastarebetter.B.There’renogainswithoutpains.C.Theinternetisadouble-edgedsword.D.Technologyisconstantlychangingtheworld.CDiscoveriesatthefamousSanxingduiruinsinSouthwestChinashowthattheregion’sancientShuKingdomCivilizationsharedsimilaritieswiththeMaya.TheSanxingduiruinsbelongedtotheShuKingdomthatexistedatleast4,800yearsagoandlastedmorethan2,000years,whiletheMayancivilizationbuiltitscity-statesaround200AD.Thebronze-maderemainsoftressunearthedattheruinsoftheShuKingdomresemblethesacredceibatree,whichsymbolizedtheunionofheaven,earthandtheunderworldintheMayancivilization.“Theyareveryimportantsimilarities,”saysSantos,aMexicanarchaeologist(考古学家)stressingthat“therepresentationsoftressinbothculturesprovideasymbolismthatisverysimilar”.ThefindingsattheSanxingduiruins,consideredoneofthegreatestarchaeologicaldiscoveriesofthe20thcentury,alsoshowanewaspectofBronzeAgeculture,indicatingtheancientcivilizationalreadyhadtechnologiesthatwerethoughttohavebeendevelopedmuchlater.WhilethelimespanbetweentheShukingdomandtheMayancultureisgreat,thefindingshighlighttheclosenessbetweenthetwocivilizations.Theydevelopedinareaswithcomparableclimatesandreflectedtheirworldviewthroughrelatedsymbols.“Intheend,manisstillman,independentoftimeandspace.Whatwehaveisthat,atthislatitude(纬度),boththeShupeopleandtheMayanslookedatthesameskyandhadthesamestarsonthehorizon,”theexpertsays.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

42OnenotablefeatureoftherecentdiscoveriesatSanxingduiwasthecross-subjectworkandtechnologyappliedbyteamsofChinesearchaeologists,whichallowedtheunearthingofartifactsasfragileassilkremains,whichothertypesoflesscarefuldiggingmethodswouldnothavebeenabletoregister.CooperationbetweenChineseandMexicanarchaeologistscouldbenefitprojectsintheMayanworld,wheretherainyclimateandhumidityareproblematicfortheconservationofruins.“Everytimeourculturalknowledgeincreases,regardlessofwhetherwespeakonelanguageoranother,whatitshowsusisthatwecontinuetobesisterculturesand,therefore,theexchangeofsuchknowledgeisfundamental,”saysSantos.8.WhatisasimilaritybetweentheShuKingdomandMayacivilization?A.Theirstartingtime.B.Theirhistoricalorigins.C.Theirculturalsymbols.D.Theirceremonytraditions.9.ThefindingsattheSanxingduiruinshaveprovedthat______.A.silkwasacommonclothingmaterialthenB.sometechnologiesweredevelopedmuchearlierC.theBronzeAgestartedearlierthanpreviouslyassumedD.theShuKingdomandtheMayanworldhadclosecontact10.Whatisacommonchallengefortheconservationofbothruins?A.Dampweather.B.Positioningofruins.C.Highlatitude.D.Languagebarriers.11.WhatisthefocusofSantosquoteinthelastparagraph?A.ThefutureoftheChina-Mexicocooperation.B.Thebenefitsofspeakingadifferentlanguage.C.Theimportanceoftheexchangeofculturalknowledge.D.TheincreasingsisterhoodinculturebetweenChinaandMexico.DSeveralyearsago,JasonBox,ascientistfromOhio,flew31giantrollsofwhiteplastictoaglacier(冰川)inGreenland.Heandhisteamspreadthemacross10,000feetofice,thenleft.Hisideawasthatthewhiteblanketwouldreflectbacktheraysofthesun,keepingtheicecoolbelow.Whenhecamebacktochecktheresults,hefounditworked.Exposedicehadmeltedfasterthancoveredice.Hehadnotonlysavedtwofeetofglacierinashorttime.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

43Nocoalplantswereshutdown,nojobswerelost,andnobodywastaxedorfired.Justthesortoffixwe’relookingfor.“Thankyou,butnothankyou.”saysRalphKing,aclimatescientist.HetoldGreyChilds.authorandcommentator,thatpeoplethinktechnologycansavetheplanet,“butthereareotherthingsweneedtodealwith,likeconsumption.Theyburned$50,000justforthehelicopter”tobringtheplastictotheglacier.Thisexperiment,quote-unquote,givespeoplefalsehopethatclimatechangecanbefixedwithoutchanginghumanbehavior.Itcan’t.Technologywon’tgiveusafreeride.Individualsrespondtoclimatechangedifferently.ClimatologistKellySmithishardlyaloneinherpredictionthatsomedaysoonwewon’tbeclimatevictims,wewillbeclimateChoosers.Morescientistsagreewithherthatifthehumanracesurvives.Theengineerswillgetsmarter,thetoolswillgetbetter,andonedaywewillcontroltheclimate.butthatthen?“Justthementionofuscontrollingtheclimatesentasmallshiverdownmyback,Greywrites.”“Somethingsoundedwrongaboutstoppingicebyourownwill,”hesays.Me?Ilikeitbetterwhentheearthtakescareofitself,Iguessonedaywewillhavetoruntheplace,butforthemoment,sittingatmydesk,lookingoutatthetreesbendingwildlyandthewindhowling,I’mhappynottobeincharge.12.WhydoestheauthormentionJasonBox’sexperimentinthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroduceapossiblesolutiontoclimatechange.B.Todescribeamisleadingattempttofixtheclimate.C.Toreportonasuccessfulexperimentonsavingtheglacier.D.Toarousepeople’sattentiontotheproblemofglobalwarming.13.WhichstatementwouldRalphKingmostprobablyagreewith?A.Thefightagainstclimatechangewillnotsucceed.B.Technologyisnotthefinalsolution,letaloneitshighcost.C.It’sbesttodealwithclimatechangewithoutchangingourbehavior.D.Jason’sexperimentplaysasignificantroleinfixingclimatechange.14.WhatisGreyChilds’sattitudetohuman’scontrollingtheclimate?A.FavorableB.TolerantC.Doubtful.D.Unclear.15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Butshouldwefixtheclimate?B.Isclimatechangearealproblem?C.Howcanwetakecareoftheearth?D.Whatifalltheglaciersdisappeared?科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

44一、广东茂名·一模第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AParisisthemostwoodedcityinEurope,andaroundonequarterofitsareaistakenupbyparks,gardensandothergreenspaces.JardindesPlantes:over28hectaresThisimpressivebotanicalgardenishometofourmuseums,includingtheNaturalHistoryMuseum,whichhousesavarietyofAfricananimals.Thegardensthemselvesboastthousandsofspeciesofplants.Thisisalovelyplacetorelaxandexplorethebeautifulsurroundings.ParcdesButtes-Chaumont:over24hectaresIfyouwanttogetoffthetouristtrailandhangoutwithtrueParisians,thisparkistheperfectspotforarelaxingpicnicoraleisurelywander.Itisinthe19thdistrictandisoneofthelargestparksinParis.Crossitslakeonthesuspensionbridge,oradmirethewaterfallsandattractivetemples.JardinduLuxembourg:over25hectaresThesebeautifulgardenswerefirstlaidoutin1612asthegardensoftheLuxembourgPalace.Theyincludeageometricforest,FrenchandEnglishstylegardens,aswellasalargepond.Thereissomuchtoseeanddowithactivitiesespeciallyforchildren,suchasslides,ridesandpuppetshows,aswellasleisureandsportingactivitiesforadults.Thegardensarehometomorethanonehundredsculptures.LeParcdelaVillette:55hectaresThisurbanculturalparkissomuchmorethanjustaparkasitishometonumerousmusicvenues,exhibitionspacesandcafes.Itisalsohometonolessthan12gardens,whichallfollowdifferentthemes.ThePassengerGardens,forexample,whicharebuiltonwhatwasoncethesheepmarket,supportavarietyofecosystems,demonstratingtheimportanceofbiodiversity.1.Whichgreenspaceprobablysuitsstudentswhoareinterestedinbotany?A.JardindesPlantes.B.ParcdesButtes-Chaumont.C.JardinduLuxembourg.D.LeParcdelaVillette.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

452.WhichisspecialaboutJardinduLuxembourg?A.Theyusedtoberoyalgardens.B.TheyareParisianfavouritegardens.C.TheyfeatureAmericanstylegardens.D.TheyhouseavarielyofAfricananimals.3.WhatcanvisitorsdoinLeParcdelaVillette?A.Visitingmuseums.B.Attendingconcerts.C.Admiringwaterfalls.D.Watchingpuppetshows.BIbecameawareofmystutter(结巴)whenIwasaround9,inthefourthgrade.Ibegantoseehowotherpeopleviewedme.Whentheteacheraskedthewholeclassquestions,IneverraisedmyhandthoughIknewtheanswer,becauseIknewIwouldstutter.SomekidswouldtellmethatItalkedfunny,askwhyIdidn'ttalknormally,orlaughatme.Assoonasthatstartedtohappen,Ibecamemoreintroverted(内向的).Itwasn'tuntilthesummerof2015,beforefreshmanyearathighschool.Allmyfriendsandmyparentsencouragedmetojointhehighschoolfootballteam.Iowedmuchtothem,especiallyCoachLanewhotaughtmehowtoplayfootball.Hetookthetime-andhadthepatience-toactuallyteachmewhattodo,howtodoitandhowtounderstandtheconceptsofplay.Injunioryear,Istartedmyfirstgameforthehighschoolteam.IhadaverygoodseasonandinJanuary2018,IsignedtheUniversityofNorthCarolina.Theolderweget,themoreofanunderstandingwehaveabouttheworldandotherpeople.SothefirsttimemyteammatesincollegeheardmetalkandheardthatIstuttered,theydidnotsayathing.ThatwasabigdealtomebecauseIwassousedtopeoplemakingcomments.Myteammatesactuallytellmetoslowdownbecausetalkingfastercausesmetostuttermore.It'sreallyhelpedmedevelopconfidence.WheneverIgobackhometoGeorgia,Ivolunteerwithchildrenatmychurch,includingthosewhohavelearningdisabilities.Iliketodothattoinspirethemwithconfidence.IhadconfidenceissueswhenIwasakidbecauseofmystutter,soIjustdon'twantthemtohavetogothroughwhatIdid.Inthefuture,Iwouldliketostartafoundationtogivebacktopeoplewhostutterandcreateaprogramwherekidsallacrosstheworldwhohaveastuttercanhaveasafespace.4.WhydidNOTtheauthorraisehishandinclass?A.Hedidn'tknowtheanswer.B.Hewastooshytospeakinpublic.C.Hewasupsetaboutkids'comments.D.Heshowednointerestinthequestion.5Whatwasonecauseoftheauthor'sdecisiontoplayfootball?A.Guidancefromcoaches.B.Greatinterestinfootball.C.Expectationsfromparents.D.Encouragementfromfriends.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

466.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor?A.Gratefulandcaring.B.Helpfulandtalkative.C.Athleticandgenerous.D.Confidentandpatient.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AnUnconfidentChildB.AnIntrovertedVolunteerC.AnAdmirableCoachD.AnInspiringFootballerCApaperpublishedonNovember15inCurrentBiologysuggeststhatapatch(小块)ofcellsdevelopedforidentifyinghumanfaces,thefusiformfacearea(FFA),isupandrunningininfants(婴儿)asyoungastwomonthsold.RebeccaSaxe,aprofessorofbrainandcognitivesciencesattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,andhercolleaguesscanned42infantsranginginagefromtwotoninemonthsusingaspecialfunctionalmagneticresonance(磁共振)imaging(fMRI)helmetdesignedspecificallyforbabies.Datafrom16oftheinfantshadtobethrownoutbecauseitisextremelydifficulttokeepthemhappy,stillandawakeforlong.Forthe26remaininginfants,thescientistscomparedactivityinvisualareasofthebrainwhiletheywatched2.7-secondvideoclipsthatdescribedfaces,bodyparts,landscapes,andotherobjects.Resultsshowedmoreactivityintheareasofthebrain'svisualsystemthatarespecializedforrecognizingfaces,bodiesandscenesthanareasforotherobservedobjects."There'severyreasontothinkthatbabiesarebornexpectingandlookingfortheirmostimportantsocialpartners,Saxesays."Somethingintheirbrainmakestheminterestedinfacesactuallybeforethey'vehadanyexperiencewithfacesatall.Babieslooktowardface-likeimagesfromhoursafterbirth."OtherresearchersarenotconvincedbySaxe'sconclusions."Idon'tbelievethattherearefacepatchespresentatbirth,"Livingstonesays.HeviewsexperienceandlearningareessentialforthedevelopmentoftheFFA.ToKalanitGrill-Spector,apsychologyprofessoratStanfordUniversity,themostexcitingpartofthenewpaperisnotaboutthisquestionoflearnedversusinborndevelopment."Ithinkthestudyiskindofattemptingtoaddressthisquestion,butitdoesn'treallyprovideaperfectansweronewayoranother.Whatimpressedmeistheamountofbabiesthatthey'vescannedandwithalotofnewinnovationsinbabyfMRI,"shesays."That'sgoingtopushthefieldforward."8.Whywerethedatafromthe16infantsabandoned?A.Becausetheinfantsdidn'twatchthevideoclips.B.Becausetheinfantsmadenoresponsetotheobjects.C.Becausetheinfantscouldn'tfocusonobjectsforsometime.D.Becausetheinfantswereunwillingtowearhelmetsforlong.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

479.Howdidtheresearchersgettheresults?A.Bylistingfigures.B.Byaskingquestions.C.Byanalyzingreasons.D.Bymakingcomparisons.10.WhichstatementwouldRebeccaSaxeprobablyagreewith?A.Infantscanprocessfacialpatternsandgivethemmeaning.B.Specializedareasforrecognizingfacesarepresentatbirth.C.Someabilitiesofthevisualsystemaregraduallydeveloped.D.ExperienceandlearningareessentialforthedevelopmentoftheFFA.11.WhichwordbestdescribesGrill-Spector'sattitudetothewayoftheresearch?A.Objective.B.Skeptical.C.Favorable.D.Disapproving.DTheAmazonrainforest,isasundisturbedaplaceasmostpeoplecanimagine,buteventhere,theeffectsofachangingclimateareplayingout.Now,researchsuggeststhatmanyoftheregion'smostsensitivebirdspeciesarestartingtoevolveinresponsetowarming.Birdsareoftenconsideredsentinel（哨兵）species-meaningthattheyindicatetheoverallhealthofanecosystem-soscientistsareparticularlyinterestedinhowthey'rerespondingtoclimatechange.Ingeneral,thenewshasnotbeengood.Forinstance,a2019reportbytheNationalAudubonSocietyfoundthatmorethantwo-thirdsofNorthAmerica'sbirdspecieswillbeindangerofextinctionby2100ifwarmingtrendscontinueontheircurrentcourse.Forthenewstudy,researcherscollectedthebiggestdatasetsofarontheAmazon'sresidentbirds,representing77non-migratoryspeciesandlastingthe40yearsfrom1979to2019.Duringthestudyperiod,theaveragetemperatureintheregionrose,whiletheamountofrainfalldeclined,makingforahotter,dryerclimateoverall.AccordingtothereportonNovember12inthejournalScienceAdvances,36specieshavelostsubstantialweight,asmuchas2percentoftheirbodyweightperdecadesince1980.Meanwhile,allthespeciesshowedsomedecreaseinaveragebodymass,whileathirdgrewlongerwings.Becauseofthestudy'slongtimeseriesandlargesamplesizes,theauthorswereabletoshowthemorphological（形态学的）effectsofclimatechangeonresidentbirds.However,theresearchersthemselvesareunsureandwonderwhatadvantagethewinglengthchangesgivethebirds,butsupposesmallerbirdsmayhaveaneasiertimekeepingcool.Ingeneral,smalleranimalshavealargerrateofsurfaceareatobodysize,sotheydissipatemoreheatfasterthanabiggeranimal.Lessavailablefood,suchasfruitorinsects,indryerweathermightleadtosmallerbodysize.12.Whyarescientistsfondofdoingresearchonbirds?科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

48A.Theyhavesmallbodysizes.B.Theyaresensitivetohotweather.C.Theyliveinanundisturbedrainforest.D.Theyareecologicalbalanceindicators.13.Whatcanwelearnfromthenewstudy?A.Athirdofspecieshavebeenextinctforadecade.B.36specieslost2%oftheirbodyweighteveryyear.C.Two-thirdsofspeciesshowedaconsiderabledecreaseinweight.D.About26speciesrespondedtoclimatechangewithlongerwings.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"dissipate"inthelastparagraphmean?A.Putoff.B.Giveoff.C.Putaway.D.Giveaway.15.Whatwouldprobablytheresearchersfurtherstudy?A.Whyitiseasierforsmalleranimalstokeepcool.B.Whateffectsthewinglengthchangeshaveonbirds.C.WhytheAmazonianbirdshavelostsubstantialweight.D.WhetherbirdspeciesinNorthAmericawillbeextinctin2100.一、广东梅州·一模第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ANeilArmstrong:ALifeofFlight科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

49MuchhasbeenwrittenaboutNeilArmstrong,America’smodemheroandhistory’smostfamousspacetraveler.YetshyoffameandneveronetostealthespotlightArmstrongwasalwaysreluctanttodiscusshispersonalsideofevents.HereforthefirsttimeisthedefinitivestoryofNeil’slifeofflighthesharedforfivedecadeswithatrustedfriend—JayBarbree.ThisNewOceanItwasallpartofman’sgreatestadventure—landingmenontheMoonandsendingarovertoMars,finallyseeingtheedgeoftheuniverseandthebirthofstars，andlaunchingplanetaryexplorersacrossthesolarsystemtoNeptuneandbe-yond.StarmanStarman,JamieDoranandPiersBizony’sbiographyofRussiancosmonautYuriGagarin,wasoriginallypublishedin1998andrereleasedin2011tocapitalizeonthe50thanniversayofthefirstmannedflightintospace.ThebookcoversGagarin’schildhood,hiscosmonauttraining,hishistoricflightasthefirsthumanbeingtoleavetheearth’satmosphere,andhismysteriousdeath.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

50NightSkyAlmanac2021:AStargazer’sGuideWhatbeltergiftforanamateurastronomerthanananswertoalloftheirqueries,pocket-sizedcompanion?Connectwiththeuniversethatsurroundsuswithhisstylishcompaniontothenightsky.Allevenlyareclearlypresentedmonth-by-monthwitheasy-to-understandexplanationsandcharts,includingstars,planets,comets,andsoon.1.WhatisJayBarbree?A.Aspacemaninhistory.B.AcharacterinStarman.C.Anovelistonspaceadventure.D.AfriendofNeilArmstrong.2.WhichcategorydoesStarmanfallinto?A.Sciencefiction.B.Play.C.Autobiography.D.Biography.3.Whatdothelistedbookshaveincommon?A.Theyareintendedforteenagers.B.Theyaresetinmoonlanding.C.Theyareaboutspaceandastronomy.D.Theyshowconcernoverstarwars,BIt’spracticallyasceneonAmericantelevision.Ababyisborn.Friendsandfamilyoffertheircongratulations.Butthen,inthecarfromthehospital,adeepworryfallsovertheparents.“Howintheworldarewegoingtopayforcollege?”It’struethatgoingtouniversityabroadisaveryexpensiveoption.TuitionismuchhigherthanatChineseuniversities,andthentherearetheexpensesforroomandboard.TuitionatHarvardthisyearisaround$46,000(¥318,700),butwhenyouincludestudentservicefees,room,andboard,thatfigurejumpstooverS65,000ayear.SchoolsoutsidetheUSarealittlebitlessexpensiveonaverage,buttheycanstillemptyyourwallet.TuitionatOxfordUniversityisatleast¥136,500.ThecostofAustralia’sUniversityofMelbournevariesagreatdeal科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

51dependingonthediscipline,buttuitionalonewilllikelysetstudentsback¥148,500ayear.Thesenumberscanbereallyshocking,butdon’tworry.Mostuniversitieshavesystemsinplacetohelpstudentspayfortheireducation.Thefirstthingyoushouldlookintoiswhetherornotyouarefitforfinancialaid.Whilesomeuniversitiesdon’tallowinternationalstudentstoapplyforaid,manymakenodistinction.Whilemostfinancialaidis“need-based”,meaningthatyouhavetodemonstratethatyourparentscannotaffordtopaythefullamount,therearealsoscholarshipsbasedonmerit.Ifyouareamathtalentorapromisingbasketballplayeryoumightendupgoingtocollegefreeofcharge.Then,therearesomescholarshipsthataredesignedspecificallyforChinesestudents.ThefamousFreemanScholarshipatWesleyanUniversity,forexample,isawardedtotwoChinesestudentsfromHongKongandtwofromthemainlandeachyear.4.WhatdoAmericanparentsoftenworryabout,accordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Theirchildren’shealthafterleavingthehospital.B.Thestresstheirchildrenwillfaceatcollege.C.Howtopayfortheirchildren’scollegeeducation.D.Thefuturetheirchildrenwillhaveaftercollege.5.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph6?A.Internationalstudentsarelookeddownuponatsomeuniversities.B.Someuniversitiesonlyofferfinancialaidtolocalstudents.C.Internationalstudentscan’tgetfinancialaidatmostuniversities.D.Therearestrictrulesaboutfinancialaidforinternationalstudents.6.WhocanreceivetheFreemanScholarship?A.Tony,anAmericanwhohasappliedforfinancialaid.B.Susan,aChinesegirlwhoisgiftedinmathematics.C.Ann,aJapanesegirlwhoplaysmusic.D.Joe,aCanadianwhoplaysbasketballverywell.7.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.Schoolsysteminwesterncountries.B.Collegetuitioncostathomeandabroad.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

52C.Howtopayfortheforeigncollegeeducation?D.Howtoapplyforfinancialaidforlocalstudents?CNearly40yearsago,PeterHarrison,amarineecologistwitnessedthefirstrecordedlarge-scalecoralbleaching（珊瑚白化）event.DivingintheGreatBarrierReef（大堡礁），hewasshockedbythescenebeforehim.“Thereefwasmadeupofhealthycoralsandbadlybleachedwhitecorals,likethebeginningofaghostcity,”hesays.Justmonthsbefore,thesamesitewasfilledwithcolorfultropicallife.“Manyofthehundredsofcoralsthathadbeencarefullylabelledandmonitoredfinallydied,”hesays.“Itwasshockingandmademeawareofjusthowweakthesecoralsreallyare.”Coralexiststogetherwithphotosyntheticalgae（藻类）,whichliveinitstissuesandprovideessentialnutrition(andcoloration).Buthightemperaturesandotherstressescanturnalgaepoisonous.Whenthisoccurs,thealgaemaydieorberemovedbythecoral,aprocessknownasbleachingbecausethecoral’scleartissueandwhitecalciumcarbonateskeleton（碳酸钙骨骼）areexposed.Ifthecoralcan’treestablishitslinkwithalgae,itwillstarveorbecomeill.ThewidespreaddestructionHarrisonsawin1982wasrepeatedonmanyotherPacificOceanreefsthatyearandthenext.In1997and1998thephenomenonwentglobal,killingsome16percentoftheworld’scorals.Withrisingtemperatures,pollution,disease,increasedoceanacidity,invasivespeciesandotherdangers,Harrison’sghostcitiesareexpanding.Scientistssupposethataboutfourdecadesagoseverebleachingoccurredroughlyevery25years,givingcoralstimetorecover.Butbleachingeventsarecomingfasternow—abouteverysixyears—andinsomeplacessoontheycouldbegintohappenannually.“Theabsolutekeyisdealingwithglobalwarming,”saysmarinebiologistTerryHughes.“Nomatterhowmuchwecleanupthewater,thereefswilldie.”In2016,arecord-hotyearinastringofthem,91percentofthereefsthatconsistoftheGreatBarrierReefbleached.8.PeterHarrisonwasshockedwhendivingintheGreatBarrierReef,because_______.A.thereefsweremadeupofpreciouscoralsB.hesawthecoralshehadtaggedbeforeC.thecoralswereruinedbadlyandquicklyD.hefoundaghostcitywithtropicallife9.Paragraph3ismainlyabout_______.A.thecausesofcoralbleachingB.theweaknessofcoralsandalgaeC.theelementsthatmakealgaedieD.theprocessofbuildingalinkwithalgae科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

5310.Thephrase“Harrison’sghostcities”inParagraph4mostprobablyrefersto______.A.thecoralbleachingB.invasivespeciesC.globalwarmingD.thepollutedocean11.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.Withalgaelivinginitstissues,coral’swhiteskeletonisexposed.B.Thereefsdiebecausethewaterhasn’tbeencleanedthoroughlyC.Solvingglobalwarmingistherealsolutiontocoralbleaching.D.Theseverestcoralbleachingoccurredaboutfourdecadesago.DAresearchteamledbyChunshuiYuandMulinJunLiofTianjinMedicalUniversityhasdiscoveredtwonewgenespotentiallyinvolvedinAlzheimer’sdisease.Theyidentifiedthembyexploringwhichgeneswereturnedonandoffinthehippocampusofpeoplewhosufferedfromthedisease.Theteam’snewfindingsarepublishedonFebruary25thinPLOSGenetics.Alzheimer’sdiseaseisatypeofbraindisorderthatcausesproblemswithmemory,thinkingandbehavior.Thisisagraduallyprogressivecondition.Thehippocampus,partofthebraininvolvedinmemory,isoneofthefirstregionstosustaindamage.Tobetterunderstandwhichgenescontributetotheprogressionofthisheritabledisease,theresearchersidentifiedgenesexpressedathigherorlowerlevelsinthehippocampusofpeoplewithAlzheimer’sdiseasecomparedtohealthybrains.Theyidentified24Alzheimer’s-relatedgenesthatappeartohaveaneffectthroughthehippocampus,usingpreviousgenomicandhippocampusgeneexpressiondata.Manygeneswerealreadyknowntocontributetothedisease,suchasAPOE,buttwowereunknown,PTPN9andPCDHA4.Additionally,severalareinvolvedinbiologicalprocessrelatedtoAlzheimer’sdisease,suchascelldeath.Theresearchteamfurthervalidatedtheirfindingsbycomparinggeneexpressionforthetwodozengenestoimagesoftheindividuals’brains.InAlzheimer’sdisease,damageandlossofneuronscausesthehippocampustodecrease,whichcanbemeasuredthroughmedicalimaging.TheresearchersestablishedthatexpressionoftwoofthegenesisrelatedtothesizeofthehippocampusofAlzheimer’sdisease.Overall,thenewfindingsimproveourunderstandingofthegeneticandcellularmechanismsthatcauseAlzheimer’sdisease.Thenextstepwillbetoinvestigatetherolesofthetwonovelgenesandhowtheycontributetothisharmfuldisease.12.HowdidtheresearchteamfindthetwogenesrelatedtoAlzheimer’sdisease?A.Byclosingthehippocampusofpeople.B.Byexploringtheswitchstateofthegenes.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

54C.Byturningonandoffthegenesofthepatient.D.Bydiscoveringgenesinthehippocampusofpeople.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“validated”meaninParagraph3?A.Reported.B.Conducted.C.Confirmed.D.Exposed.14.WhatcanweinferaboutthesizeofthehippocampusinAlzheimer’sdisease.A.Itcomesinasmallersize.B.Thereisnowaytomeasureitssize.C.Itresultsindamageandlossofneurons.D.IthelpstoidentifyAlzheimer’sdisease.15.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.ItisvitaltocontinuethestudyofAlzheimer’sdisease.B.ThecauseofAlzheimer’sdiseasehasbeenfound.C.TheAlzheimer’sdiseasewillbecuredsoonbytheresearchteam.D.TwonovelgeneslikelylinkedtoAlzheimer’sdiseasehavebeendiscovered.一、广东汕头·一模第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ACheesyPizzaStuffingYield:4to6servingsTime:45minutes,plusdryingbreadIngredients:•1(12-to14-ounce)loafbrioche(黄油面包),tornintobite-sizepieces(about4cups)•4tablespoonsunsaltedbutter,plusmoresoftenedbutter•1largeyellowonion•Saltandblackpepperand2tablespoonstomatosauce•1largeeggand1cupwholemilk科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

55•2cupsshreddedlow-moisturemozzarella(马苏里拉奶酪)Directions:Thenightbeforeserving,spreadthebreadpiecesonasheetpanandletsitonthecountertodryout.Alternatively,youcanbakethemat250degreesuntilcompletelydriedoutandnolongersoft,20to30minutes.Whenreadytomakethestuffing,transferthebreadtoalargebowl.Heatovento350degreesandgreasea9-by-13-inchor8-by-11-inchbakingdishwithsoftenedbutter.Meltthe4tablespoonsbutterinalargeskilletovermedium-highandaddthethinlyslicedonion.Seasonwithsaltandpepper,andcook,stirringoccasionally,untilslightlybrownedattheedges,5to7minutes.Stirinthetomatosauceandcookuntilfragrant,aboutIminute.Inamediumbowl,beattheeggwithafork,thenbeatinthemilk.Pourthemilkmixtureoverthebreadandtosswithtwospoonsuntilevenlycoated.Add1cupmozzarellaandtossagainuntilwellcombined.Letsituntilthebreadfullyabsorbstheliquid,about5minutes.Transferthestuffingandanyaccumulatedliquidtothegreasedbakingdish,spreadoutevenlyandtopwiththeremaining1cupmozzarella.(Tomakeahead,youcanstopatthisstage,coverthedishandrefrigerateforupto24hours.)Bake,uncovered,untilheatedthroughandthecheeseismelted,15to25minutes.(Youmayneedtoaddafewminutestothebaketimeifthestuffinghasbeenrefrigerated.)1.Whichingredientisunnecessaryforthedish?A.Tomato.B.Milk.C.Butter.D.Salt.2.WhichprocedurecorrectlyfollowstheDirections?A.Theonionusedshouldbethicklycut.B.Thebreadpiecesshouldbesoftenedbeforeserving.C.Twocupsofmozzarellashouldbeaddedrespectively.D.Thestuffingwhichhasbeenrefrigeratedshouldbebakedfor24hours.3.HowistheDirectionsorganized?A.Bygivingexamples.B.Byofferinganalyses.C.Bypresentingfindings.D.Byfollowingtimeorder.BMargiewroteaboutitthatnightinherdiary,“TodayTommyfoundarealbook!”Itwasaveryoldbook.Margie’sgrandfatheroncesaidthatwhenhewasalittleboyhisgrandfathertoldhim科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

56thattherewasatimewhenallstorieswereprintedonpaper.Theyturnedthepages,whichwereyellowandcrinkly(皱巴巴的),anditwasawfullyfunnytoreadwordsthatstoodstillinsteadofmovingthewaytheyweresupposedto—onascreen.“What’sitabout?”“School.”Margiewasscornful.“School?What’stheretowriteaboutschool?”Margiewasalwaysfedupwithschool.Themechanicalteacherhadbeengivinghertestaftertestingeography.SoshesaidtoTommy,“Whywouldanyonewriteaboutschool?”Tommylookedatherwithverysuperioreyes,“Becauseit’snotourkindofschool,stupid.Thisistheoldkindofschoolthattheyhadcenturiesago.”Shereadthebookoverhisshoulderforawhile,thensaid,“Anyway,theyhadateacher.”“Suretheyhadateacher,butitwasn’taregularteacher.Itwasaman.”“Amanisn’tsmartenough.”Sheadded,“Iwouldn’twantastrangemaninmyhousetoteachme.”Tommyscreamedwithlaughter.“Youdon’tknowmuch,Margie.Theyhadaspecialbuildingandallthekidsofthesameagewentthere,learningthesamethingfrom8a.m.to5p.m.onweekdays.Theyweren’tevenhalf-finishedwhenMargie’smothercalled,“Margie!School!”Margielookedup.“Notyet,Mamma.”“Now!”saidMrs.Jones.Actuallythemechanicalteacherwasonandwaitingforher.ItwasalwaysonatthesametimeeverydayexceptSaturdayandSunday,becausehermothersaidlittlegirlslearnedbetteriftheylearnedatregulartime.Thelargescreenwaslitup.“Today’smathlessonisontheadditionofproperfractions(分数).Pleaseinsertyesterday’shomeworkintheproperslot(插槽).”Margiedidsowithasigh.Shewasthinkingabouthowthekidsmusthaveloveditintheolddays.Allthekidsfromthewholeneighborhoodcame,sittingtogetherintheschoolroom,goinghometogetherattheendoftheday.Andtheteacherswerepeople.Shewasthinkingaboutthefuntheyhad.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“scornful”inPara.5mean?A.Interested.B.Amazed.C.Doubtful.D.Disrespectful.5.WhereisMargie’sschoolroom?A.Insideherhouse.B.Inaspecialbuilding.C.Onalargescreen.D.Aroundherneighborhood.6.WhatisthesimilaritybetweentheschoolinthebookandtheoneMargieattended?科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

57A.Teachersofgreatwisdom.B.Classmatesofthesameage.C.Regularschoolinghours.D.Advancedlearningequipment.7.WhichofthefollowingmayMargieagreewith?A.Doingmathhomeworkismorethanfunny.B.Theschoollifeintheolddaysismuchmoreappealing.C.Mechanicalteachersaremoresuitableinteachingforher.D.Readingonascreenismoreconvenientthanreadingarealbook.CWhenZhuCaiping,73,wasdiagnosedwithmildcognitiveimpairmentthreeyearsago,shefoundthatanxiety,depressionandevenlookingdownonherselfbecamenormalinherlife.Itwasnotuntillastyear,aftersheparticipatedinarealityshowandbecamearestaurantserver,thathersituationbegantoimprovedramatically.TherestaurantinShanghaiwheresheworksistheForgetMeNotCafe.ItsharesthegoalofprovidingjobopportunitiesforelderlypeoplewhohaveAlzheimer’sdiseaseorothercognitiveimpairments.“Iprovidebasicservicesforguests,suchaspouringwater,servingandtakingorders.Icannowrememberallthedishesonthemenu,”saidZhu,whohascometotherestaurantthreetimesaweeksinceFebruaryandworksthreehoursaday.“Thecolleaguestakegoodcareofus.Theneverallowustodeliverhotdishessuchassoups.Theguestsarealsoverytolerantofus,becausesometimeswemakemistakes.”Becauseofmemoryloss,Zhuwritesdownalltheinformationshewantstorememberonstickynotes,suchasthenamesofthevolunteersandteacheraswellasEnglishwords.“Peoplewithcognitiveimpairmentactuallyrefuseandfeartocommunicatewithsocietybutthiswillworsentheircondition.”Sheadded,“Withthedeterioration(退化)ofbrainfunction,theymaygraduallylosememoryandtheabilitytotakecareofthemselvesandmightevenseethelossofemotions.”Inadditiontothejobopportunitiesfortheelderly,informationaboutcognitiveimpairmentandAlzheimer’sdiseaseispostedonaboardoutsidetherestauranttohelppeoplerecognizesymptomsandseektreatmentassoonaspossible.AsChinafacesanagingpopulation,theincreasingnumberofseniorswithcognitiveimpairmenthasbecomeasignificantsocialissue.“Weshouldfeelluckythatthewholeofsocietyisconcernedabouttheseniors,especiallyforpeoplelikeus.Theneighborhoodcommitteealwayschecksonoursituationandwatchesforotherelderlypeoplewithsymptoms.”Zhusaid.8.WhatcanweknowaboutZhuCaiping?A.Shealwaysmademistakesatwork.B.Shemadeeffortstobeequaltothejob.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

58C.Shewasafull-timerestaurantserverinaShanghaicafé.D.Shewasoneofthosesufferingfromseverecognitiveimpairment.9.Howmightpeoplewithcognitiveimpairmentfeel?A.Forgetfulandupset.B.Anxiousbutlucky.C.Tolerantandcareful.D.Indifferentbutenergetic.10.Whyisinformationaboutcognitiveimpairmentpostedoutsidetherestaurant?A.Toprovidetreatmentforthesick.B.Toseekapprovalfromthecitizens.C.Tooffertheelderlyjobopportunities.D.Toequippeoplewithrelevantknowledge.11.Inwhichsectionofanewspaperthepassagemostlikelybefound?A.Health.B.Society.C.Culture.D.Business.DComparedwiththeobviousenvironmentalissueswehearabouteveryday,litteringoftentakesabackseat-butit’smorepressingthanwemaythink.Somemaysaythatabananapeeloutofyourcaralongthemotorwaywouldbeaharmlessaction.Actually,theyarewrong.Abananapeelcantakeuptotwoyearstodecompose(分解),andwithathirdofmotoristsadmittingtolitteringwhiledriving,that’sawholelotofdiscardedbananapeels,ormuchworse.Anorangepeelandacigarettebutthasasimilarbiodegrading(生物降解)termtothatofabanana,buttinandaluminiumcanslastupto100years,andplasticbottleslastforever,sodoglassbottlesandplasticbags.Despitethefactthatlonger-lastingmaterialswillservetodamagetheenvironmentanditsanimalsforlonger,wecan’tonlymeasuretheseverityofacertaintypeofrubbishbyitslifetime.Forexample,despitehavingafairlyshortbiodegradingspan,morethan120tonsofcigarette-relatedlitteristhrownawayintheUKeveryday.Similarly,ourregularlitteringhereandtherehascausedtheUK’smousepopulationtoincreaseby60million.Thissuddenlyisn’tsomysteriouswhenyouconsiderthatsincethe1960sourannuallitteringhasincreasedbyanamazing500percent.It’snotacheaphabiteither:UKtaxpayersspentf500milliononkeepingthestreetsclean.So,it’snotsurprisingthatifcaughtfly-tipping,youcouldfacea￡20,000fine.Regardlessofhowseverethepunishmentmightseem,however,amongthereportedcasesonly2,000werepunishedoutof825,000,sowestillhavesomewaytogoinmakingsurepeopleobservetherules.Totakebackourbeautifulcities,weneedtodomorethansimplynotleavingrubbishwhereitoughtnottobe.Weneedtocaremoreabouttheworldaroundus.12.Whichofthefollowingiseasiesttodecomposecomparatively?科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司

59A.Anorangepeel.B.Aplasticbag.C.Analuminiumcan.D.Aglassbottle.13.WhatcanweknowfromPara.3?A.AnnuallitteringhasincreasedalittleinUKsincethe1960s.B.Shorter-lastingmaterialswillbelessharmfultotheenvironment.C.Cigarette-relatedlitterisasevereenvironmentalprobleminUK.D.RegularlitteringhascausedtheUK’smousepopulationtoreach60million.14.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeUK’spunishmentonlitteringaccordingtoPara.4?A.Everylittlehelps.B.Adropinthebucket.C.Nopains,nogains.D.Morehaste,lessspeed.15.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Rubbishcollection,anurgenttask.B.Environmentissue,abigconcern.C.Littering,asurprisinglybigissue.D.Long-lastingmaterial,ahiddendanger.科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司