3年高考2年模拟1年原创备战2019高考精品系列之英语：专题28任务型阅读(江苏)(解析版)

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3年高考2年模拟1年原创精品系列专题28任务型阅读（江苏）【2019年高考命题预测】预测一选材新颖，贴近考生生活。任务型阅读选用的都是考生所熟知的一些话题，2019年高考任务型阅读也一定会选用考生所熟悉并感兴趣的话题，如健康、交友、名胜古迹、校园生活等。当然，考生在平时训练中也要兼顾一些社会热点问题等。预测二难度将有所降低。由2008、2009两年江苏卷的任务型阅读看，其难度较大。而2019年江苏卷的任务型有所下降。为了体现高考应具有的效度，预测2019年任务型阅读的难度于2019年相当。预测三体裁还会以说明文为主兼顾议论文，文章长度稳定。2008、2009、2019三年的任务型阅读都是说明文和议论文相结合的体裁。这类体裁的文章结构一般都比较明晰。平常练习中考生要特别注重对这类体裁的训练，同时也要兼顾其他各种体裁的文章，如议论文、记叙文等。从文章长度上看，2008年是420多个词，2009年是500多个词，2019年是500多个词。。由此预测，2019年的任务型阅读的词数应该保持在500词左右。【考点定位】2019考纲解读和近几年考点分布任务型阅读是江苏省在2008年开始采用的一种新的阅读理解考查形式。词汇要求提升至3000个左右。两省的任务型阅读的题型结构为一篇300词左右的短文和表格，要求考生对文中的有效信息实行筛选、整合和综合概括，然后准确、有序地完成表格的空缺（根据说明，一空只填一词）。这不但要求考生有较好的语篇理解水平，同时还必须具有获取有效信息、把握文章整体结构的水平。而且在填写过程中，考生还必须具备较扎实的词法和句法知识，因为所填写的单词不但要准确表达意思，还必须在词性和词形上与上下文的句子结构保持一致或匹配。根据图表的表现形式分为：1．组织结构式；2．网络式；3．射线式。任务型阅读的出现不但有利于考查学生把握文章的篇章结构、综合处理信息的水平，体现出了新课改增加客观表达题的努力，同时对英语教学和高考复习提出了极高的要求。【考点pk】名师考点透析因为任务型阅读是新生事物”学生普遍感觉很难。首先要了解表格的设置，据考试说明

1中的范例，表格一般是文章的整体行文结构，包括标题、段落大意、文章细节、结论等部分。其次要领悟空缺的类型，如：1•筛选类：通过定位题目在文章中的位置即可找到答案，一般为原词。2•整合类：要对文章的原句实行加工，根据句型结构变化和语法要求提炼出新词，女口：Therearemainlytwotypesofsources•Therearetwotypesofsources,(main)Thepersonpresentingtheprogramisverypassionate,Theisverypassionate,(presenter)3.概括类：根据说明，要能概括出文章的标题、段落大意、文章的目的、结论等，要求较高。同学们在填空时务必要仔细，注意单词大小写、单复数、词性等。绑题规律跟思路第一步：读懂短文主要意恩了解文章大意是解题的第一环，也是关键的一步。只有读懂了文章，才^顺利地在表格中填岀相关的信臥值得注盍的是如果表格前提供了小标题，要特别注意冯'标题，它通常是段落和表格的主题句°读懂了标题有助于理解短文和表格的大意和结构。第二步：理清短文主体结构了解短文的写作思路和线索结构，有助于加深对篇章内容的理解，同时短文的结构往往也是很重要的命题线索表格项目基本上就懸艮据篇章结构而设计的。第三步：分析完表格后细读文章，确定答案。仔细阅读文章，寻找相关(言息及关键词。学会推理判断，力争返回原尤找出文章哪一部分与题目相关，抓住关键词语，以此为线索，在文中找出词、句、句群来満足问题要求。1)掌握归纳技巧。有时表格中(尤其最上栏、最左栏)需要学生概括相对应栏内的内容，这就要求学生学会使用一些概括性词语。常用归纳概括性词汇有：aims,purposes,reasons,causes,results,effects,advice,suggestions,opinions,topics,background,introduction,advantages,disadvantages,attitudes,features,phenomena(phenomenon),tips,characteristics(character),personality,data,name,sex,conclusion等。有时不但需要记清楚这些概括性词汇，还要熟练掌握该词汇的常用搭配，以便迅速锁定最佳词语。如比较anintroductionofsomething,instructionsforsomething,measurestosomething和knowledgeaboutsomething后,考生们能够根据不同的介词的使用，快速辨清到底应使用这几个相近名词中的哪一个。2）巧妙使用转换。有时原文中的词汇不能直接用来填入空格，要求学生用相对应词组替

2代转换。这就需要考生们平时多积累英语词汇，学会用英语解释英语，多查英英词典，巧用同义词、反义词、前缀、后缀、常用句型、词语搭配等。4．检查答案。主要检查字数是否符合要求，所填内容与原文意思是否保持通顺一致，句意是否连贯，是否符合语法规则等。总来说之，只要考生注意平时多做任务型阅读的题目，多总结各种表格的特点，注意常用词汇的积累，做题时细心并适时随机应变，完全能够游刃有余地应对任务型阅读这种新题型。【三年高考】14、15、16高考试题及其解析2019年高考试题2019江苏卷请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个．．最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。AnextensionofthehumanbrainOtherpeoplecanhelpuscompensateforourmentalandemotionaldeficiencies（欠缺）,muchasawoodenlegcancompensateforaphysicaldeficiency.Tobeexact,otherpeoplecanextendourintelligenceandhelpusunderstandandadjustouremotions.Whenanotherpersonhelpsusinsuchways,heorsheisparticipatinginwhatI'vecalleda“socialprosthetic（义肢的）system”.Suchsystemsdonotneedtooperateface-to-face,andit'scleartomethattheInternetisexpandingtherangeofmyownsocialprostheticsystems.It'salreadyabigbankofmanyminds.Eveninitscurrentstate,theInternethasextendedmymemoryandjudgement.Regardingmemory：OnceIlookupsomethingontheInternet,Idon'tneedtokeepallthedetailsforfutureuse—Iknowwheretofindthatinformationagainandcanquicklyandeasilydoso.Moregenerally,theInternetfunctionsasifitweremymemory.ThisfunctionoftheInternetisparticularlystrikingwhenI'mwriting;I'mnolongercomfortablewritingifI'mnotconnectedtotheInternet.It'sbecomenaturaltocheckfactsasIwrite,takingaminuteortwotodipintoPubMed,Wikipedia,orotherwebsites.Regardingjudgement：TheInternethasmademesmarterinmatterssmallandlarge.Forexample,whenI'mwritingatextbook,ithasbecomesecondnaturetocheckadozendefinitionsofakeyterm,whichhelpsmedigintothecoreandunderstanditsmeaning.Butmorethanthat,Inowregularlycomparemyviewswiththoseofmanyothers.IfIhavea“neWdea”Inowquicklylooktoseewhethersomebodyelse

3hasalreadythoughtofit,orsomethingsimilar—andIthencomparewhatIthinkwithwhatothershavethought.Thiscertainlymakesmyownviewsclearer.Moreover,IcanfindoutwhethermyreactionstoaneventarereasonableenoughbyreadingaboutthoseofothersontheInternet.TheseeffectsoftheInternethavebecomeevenmorestrikingsineervebegunusingasmartphone.Inowregularlypulloutmyphonetocheckafact,watchavideo,readweibo.Suchactivitiesfillthespacesthatusedtobedeadtime(suchaswaitingforsomebodytoarriveforalunchmeeting).Butthat'stheupside(好处).ThedownsideisthatinthosedeadperiodsIoftenwouldletmythoughtsflowandsometimeswouldhaveanunexpectedinsightoridea.Thoseopportunitiesarenowfewerandfartherbetween.AnextensionofthehumanbrainAprostheticnature•The71.canhelpmakeupforourmentalandemotionaldeficienciesasawoodenlegcancompensateforabodilydeficiency.•It72.inourdailyevents,extendingourintelligenee,comprehendingourfeelings,andexpandingtherangeofsocialactivities.Wonderfulaspectsmemoryandjudgement•OntheInternet,wecouldquicklyandeasilylocatethedetails,andcheckfacts,without

473.theminmind.•TheInternetmakesussmarterover74.kindsofthings.ltprovidesadozendefinitionsofakeytermforustofindthe75.ofthematter.•TheInternetenablesustoexchangeideaswithmanyothersto76.ourclaims,andto77.ouractions.The78.sidesofsmartphones•Smartphonesmakeiteasierandmore79.tocheckreality,watchvideoclips,readweibo.•Smartphones80.thepossibilityfornewandinsightfulminds,andstealawayourdeadtime.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了科技对人类生活的影响。假肢补充了人类身体的缺陷；因特网在存储记忆和判断事物方面有强大的功能；智能手机协助人们更方便、快捷地了解时事，不过它也给人们的生活带来了一些不好的影响。71.1nternet根据第一段中的"It'salreadyabigbankofmanyminds.”可知，网络能补充我们心理和情感上的缺失，故填Internet。72.participates/joins根据第一段的"Whenanotherpersonhelpsusinsuchways,heorsheisparticipatinginwhatrvecalleda‘socialprosthetic（义肢的）system'.”中的participating可知答案。73.keeping根据第二段中的"…OnceIlookupsomethingontheInternet,Idon'tneedtokeepallthedetailsforfutureuse—Iknowwheretofindthatinformation

5againandcanquicklyandeasilydoso.”中的keep可知其构成短语keep…inmind"记住”，介词without后跟v.-ing形式，故可知答案填keeping。72.all/different/various根据第三段中的"…TheInternethasmademesmarterinmatterssmallandlarge.”可知，网络使我们在很多方面更聪明，故知答案。73.heart/core根据第三段中的"…ithasbecomesecondnaturetocheckadozendefinitionsofakeyterm,whichhelpsmedigintothecoreandunderstanditsmeaning.”中的core可知答案。74.check根据第三段中的"Butmorethanthat,Inowregularlycomparemyviewswiththoseofmanyothers.IfIhavea‘newidea',Inowquicklylooktoseewhethersomebodyelsehasalreadythoughtofit,orsomethingsimilar…”可知，网络能使我们相互交换意见从而核实我们的想法，故知答案。75.judge根据第三段中的"…IcanfindoutwhethermyreactionstoaneventarereasonableenoughbyreadingaboutthoseofothersontheInternet.”可知，我们能够根据其他人的想法来判断我们的行为，故知答案。76.niied/tw根据最后两段可知，智能手机能帮助人们方便、快捷地了解时事，但也给人们的生活芾耒消极戢响。所以这里讲了智能手机的两个方面」故知答案。77.convenient根据第四段中的nowregularlypulloutmyplaonetocheckafact,uratchavideo,readweibo.Suchactivitiesfill*tliespacesthatusedtobedeadtime(suchaswaitingforsonebodytoarriveforalunchneeting)."可知：手机给我们帯来了便捷；■故知答案心78.reduce根將最后一段中的Thoseopportunitiesarenowfewerandfartherhetwen.可知机会越耒越少，这说明智能手机减少了人们思索叹及获得竜外领悟的可能•性，故知答案。2019年高考试题2019江苏卷最恰当的单词。请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个注意：每个空格只填一个单词。Peopleselectnewsinexpectationofareward.Thisrewardmaybeeitheroftwokinds.Oneisrelatedtowhat

6againandcanquicklyandeasilydoso.”中的keep可知其构成短语keep…inmind"记FreudcallsthePleasurePrinciple,theothertowhathecallstheRealityPrinciple.Forwantofbetternames,weshallcallthesetwoclassesimmediaterewardanddelayedreward.

7Ingeneral,thekindofnewswhichmaybeexpectedtogiveimmediaterewardarenewsofcrimeandcorruption,accidentsanddisasters,sports,socialevents,andhumaninterest.Delayedrewardmaybeexpectedfromnewsofpublicaffairs,economicmatters,socialproblems,scienee,education,andhealth.Newsofthefirstkindpaysitsrewardsatonce.Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved.Hecantremblewildlyatanaxe-murder,shakehisheadsympatheticallyandsafelyatahurricane,identifyhimselfwiththewinningteam,laughunderstandinglyatawarmlittlestoryofchildrenordogs.Newsofthesecondkind,however,paysitsrewardslater.Itsometimesrequiresthereadertotolerateunpleasantnessorannoyance—as,forexample,whenhereadsofthethreateningforeignsituation,themountingnationaldebt,risingtaxes,fallingmarket,scarcehousing,andcancer.Ithasakindof“threavalue"It.isreadsothatthereadermaybeinformedandprepared.Whenareaderselectsdelayedrewardnews,hepullshimselfintotheworldofsurroundingrealitytowhichhecanadapthimselfonlybyhardwork.Whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind,heusuallywithdrawsfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardsthedreamworld.Foranyindividual,ofcourse,theboundariesofthesetwoclassesarenotstable.Forexample,asociologistmayreadnewsofcrimeasasocialproblem,ratherthanforitsimmediatereward.Acoachmayreadasportsstoryforitsthreatvalue:hemayhavetoplaythatteamnextweek.Apoliticianmayreadanaccountofhislatestsuccessfulpublicmeeting,notforitsdelayedreward,butverymuchashiswifereadsanaccountofaparty.Inanygivenstoryofcorruptionordisaster,athoughtfulreadermayreceivenotonlytheimmediaterewardofindirectexperience,butalsothedelayedrewardofinformationandpreparedness.Therefore,whilethedivisionofcategoriesholdsingeneral,anindividual'stendencymaytransferanystoryfromonekindofreadingtoanother,ordividetheexperiencebetweenthetwokindsofreward.Whatnewsstoriesdoyouread?•Peopleexpecttoget71.fromDivisionofreadingnews.newsstor-ies•Newsstoriesareroughlydividedintotwoclasses.

8•Somenewswillexcitetheirreadersinstantlywhileotherswon't.72.ofthetwoclasses•Newsofimmediaterewardwillseeminglytaketheirreaderstotheveryfrighteningscenewithoutactual73.•Readerswillassociatethemselvescloselywithwhathappensinthenewsstoriesand74.similarfeelingswiththoseinvolved.•Newsofdelayedrewardwillmakereaderssuffer,orpresenta75.tothem.•Newsofdelayedrewardwillinducethereaderto76.fortherealitywhilenewsofimmediaterewardwillleadthereaderto77.fromthereality.Unstableboundariesofthetwoclasses•Whatreadersexpectfromnewsstoriesarelargelyshapedbytheir78.•Seriousreaderswillbothgetexcitedoverwhathappensinsomenewsstoriesand79.themselvestothereality.•Thus,thedivision,onthewhole,80.onthereader.

9【文章大意】本文主要介绍人们喜欢阅读什么样的新闻故事，同时给新闻故事曲亍了分类，即即时资讯和延迟资讯，并解釋了分类的理由。71,rewards/revaided根据第——句ifPeopleselectnewsineipectationofareward,"中的名^reward可知人们期望从竊闻中即刻获得资讯』故填名词rewards,或者使用动词^碍d的过去分丸作get的表语°72.Explanations第三、四段是对两种新闻类型的解释。故填Explanations。73.involvement根据第三段的“Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperieneewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved.”中的过去分词involved可知此处应填动词involve的名词形式。74.share根据第三段的"Hecantremblewildlyatanaxe-murder,shakehisheadsympatheticallyandsafelyatahurricane,identifyhimselfwiththewinningteam,laughunderstandinglyatawarmlittlestoryofchildrenordogs.”中的shakehisheadsympathetically，laughunderstandingly等可推知读者会产生感情共鸣，即分享类似的情感。75.threat根据第四段的“Itsometimesrequiresthereadertotolerateunpleasantnessorannoyance—as,forexample,whenhereadsofthethreateningforeignsituation.themountingnationaldebt,risingtaxes,fallingmarket,scarcehousing.andcancer.”中的threatening转化成名词threat可知答案。76.prepare根据第四段的“Itisreadsothatthereadermaybeinformedandprepared.”中的prepared转化为动词prepare可知答案。77.withdraw根据第四段的“Whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind,heusuallywithdrawsfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardsthedreamworld.”中的withdraw可知答案。78.profession(s)/intention根据第五段第二、三、四句所举事例可推断答案。79.adapt根据第五段的“Inanygivenstoryofcorruptionordisaster,athoughtfulreadermayreceivenotonlytheimmediaterewardofindirectexperienee,butalsothedelayedrewardofinformationandpreparedness.”可推断答案。80.depends根据第五段最后一句话“Therefore,whilethedivisionofcategoriesholdsingeneral,anindividual'stendencymaytransferanystoryfromonekindof

10readingtoanother,ordividetheexperiencebetweenthetwokindsofreward.”可推断答案。2019年高考试题2019江苏卷请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。Theexpression,“everybody'sdoingit，”isverymuchatthecentreoftheconceptofpeerpressure.Itisastronginfluenceofagroup,especiallyofchildren,onmembersofthatgrouptobehaveaseverybodyelsedoes.Itcanbepositiveornegative.Mostpeopleexperienceitinsomewayduringtheirlives.Peoplearesocialcreaturesbynature,andsoitishardlysurprisingthatpartoftheirself-respectcomesfromtheapprovalofothers.Thisinstinct（天性）iswhytheapprovalofpeers,orthefearofdisapproval,issuchapowerfulforceinmanypeople'slives.Itisthesameinstinctthatdrivespeopletodressonewayathomeandanotherwayatwork,ortoanswer“finew”henastrangerasks“howareyou？”evenifitisnotnecessarilytrue.Thereisapracticalaspecttothis：ithelpssocietytofunctionefficiently,andencouragesagenerallevelofself-disciplinethatsimplifiesday-to-dayinteraction.Forcertainindividuals,seekingsocialacceptanceissoimportantthatitbecomeslikeanaddiction;inordertosatisfythedesire,theymaygosofarastoabandontheirsenseofrightandwrong.Teensandyoungadultsmayfeelforcedtousedrugs,orjoingangsthatencouragecriminalbehaviour.Matureadultsmaysometimesfeelpressuredtocoverupillegalactivityatthecompanywheretheywork,orendupindebtbecausetheyareunabletoholdbackthedesiretobuyahouseorcarthattheycan'taffordinaneffortto“keepupwiththeJoneses．”However,peerpressureisnotalwaysnegative.Astudentwhosefriendsaregoodatacademicsmaybeurgedtostudyharderandgetgoodgrades.Playersonasportsteammayfeeldriventoplayharderinordertohelptheteamwin.Thistypeofinfluencecanalsogetafriendoffdrugs,ortohelpanadulttakeupagoodhabitordropabadone.Studygroupsandclassprojectsareexamplesofpositivepeergroupsthatencouragepeopletobetterthemselves.

11Schoolstrytoteachkidsaboutthedangersofnegativepeerpressure.Theyteachkidstostandupandbethemselves,andencouragethemtopolitelydeclinetodothingsthattheybelievearewrong.Similarly,itcanbehelpfultoencouragechildrentogreetthebeneficialinflueneeofpositivepeergroups.Wbat(sp«rpretaure•PeerpfmiuTcrefersK>mung7LConceptofpeerpressureA71functionofpeerpressuretosocietythatyounumdothingstbewayocherpeopleofyouragtdo.*Itworksinnewlyeveryoneof晦and72*ufiLnonewayoranctber,goodorbad,•BeingsocialcmturEN,peopleexpecttheapprovalFromtheirGbUdwmembers.•Peoplearoundwillaffecthemonelives•Peerpresiurehelpqsocietyfunctionefficiently.•Nesadveinfluentincludelackof76.sense,crirnirnJofferKes.andowr-wnsuTnpCiua•Positiveinfluencesaregoodgrades,team77.・andthebuilding-upofgood•lbavoidthedvigcrofnegativepeerprctwre,kidbshouldlearntobo79,whennectsEHEyTudsay80.toanythingthatiswitrngorillegal.•Ibcdesiretobesociallyacceptedbycne^speersislikeadwg.InflDence$ofpeerpretsureon75,71-feeling考查同义替换。由文竟首句的"Theexpression-"isvezymuchatthecentreof—ff可知『侗龄压力”的核心是"每个人都在像它"。设空处罡对卩吨pressure的解絹「侗龄压力指强烈的,RP：你必须按照和你一样年龄的人的行対的方式去做事。"由must可知语气强烈，表达一种强烈的情感，故填filing.72.influences考查原词再现。根据首段第二句中"Itisastronginflueneeofagroup…”可知同龄压力是对一个群体的影响，此处需填写动词，和题干中的works一起构成并列谓语，即influences。73.practical考查原词再现。根据第二段最后一句中"Thereisapracticalaspecttothis…”可知此处用practical。

1273.unconsciously考查同义替换。根据第二段第二句"Thisinstinct（天性）iswhytheapprovalofpeers,orthefearofdisapproval,issuchapowerfulforceinmanypeople'slives.”可知在生活中，周围的人都会不知不觉地相互影响，故用unconsciously。74.individuals考查原词再现。根据第三段的首句"Forcertainindividuals,seekingsocialacceptanceissoimportant…”可知这里在讲同龄压力对个人的影响。75.moral考查同义替换。根据第三段的"…theymaygosofarastoabandontheirsenseofrightandwrong.”可知他们不能区分对错，换句话说就是缺乏道德感。76.spirit考查归纳总结水平。根据倒数第二段第二、三句可知，积极的影响还包括团队精神。77.habits考查原词再现。根据第四段第四句“Thistypeofinfluencecanalsogetafriendoffdrugs,ortohelpanadulttakeupagoodhabitordropabadone.”可知此处用复数形式habits。78.independent考查同义替换。根据最后一段第二句中的“Theyteachkidstostandupandbethemselves…”可知此处表示要独立，即independent。79.no考查同义替换。根据最后一段第二句中的"…encouragethemtopolitelydeclinetodothingsthattheybelievearewrong.”可知此处意为“拒绝”，即sayno。2019年高考试题任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相对应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。QuietVirtue：TheConscientiousTheeverydaysignsofconscientiousness（认真尽责）—beingpunctual,carefulindoingwork,self-disciplined,andscrupulous（一丝不苟的）inattendingtoresponsibilities—aretypicalcharacteristicsofthemodelorganizationalcitizen,thepeoplewhokeepthingsrunningastheyshould.Theyfollowtherules,helpout,andareconcernedaboutthepeopletheyworkwith.It'thseconscientiousworkerwhohelpsnewcomersorupdatespeoplewhoreturnafteranabsence,whogetstoworkontimeandneverabusessickleaves,whoalwaysgetsthingsdoneondeadline.Conscientiousnessisakeytosuccessinanyfield.Instudiesofjobperformance,outstandingeffectivenessforalmostalljobs,fromsemi-skilledlabortosalesandmanagement,dependsonconscientiousness.Itisparticularlyimportantforoutstandingperformanceinjobsatthelowerlevelsofanorganization：thesecretarywhosemessagetakingisperfect,thedeliverytruckdriverwhoisalwaysontime.AmongsalesrepresentativesforalargeAmericancarmanufacturer,thosewhoweremostconscientioushadthe

13socialacceptanceissoimportant…”可知这里在讲同龄压力对个人的影响。largestvolumeofsales.Conscientiousnessalsooffersabuffer（缓冲）againstthethreatofjoblossintoday'csonstantlychangingmarket,becauseemployeeswiththisqualityareamongthemostvalued.Forthesalesrepresentatives,theirlevelofconscientiousnessmatteredalmostasmuchastheirsalesindeterminingwhostayedon.

14Thereisanairaroundhighlyconscientiouspeoplethatmakesthemseemevenbetterthantheyactuallyare.Theirreputationfordependabilityinfluencesmanagers'valuationsoftheirwork,givingthemhigherevaluationsthanobjectivemeasuresoftheirperformaneewouldpredict.Butconscientiousnessintheabseneeofsocialskillscanleadtoproblems.Sinceconscientiouspeopledemandsomuchofthemselves,theycanholdotherpeopletotheirownstandards,andsobeoverlyjudgmentalwhenothersdon'showthesamehighlevelsofmodelbehavior.FactoryworkersinGreatBritainandtheUnitedStateswhowereextremelyconscientious,forexample,tendedtocriticizeco-workersevenaboutfailuresthatseemedunimportanttothosetheycriticized,whichdamagedtheirrelationships.Whenconscientiousnesstakestheformoflivinguptoexpectations,itcandiscouragecreativity.Increativeprofessionslikeartoradvertising,opennesstowildideasandspontaneity(自发性)arescarceandindemand.Successinsuchoccupationscallsforabalanee,however;withoutenoughconscientiousnesstofollowthrough,peoplebecomemeredreamers,withnothingtoshowfortheirimaginativeness.QuietVirtue:PipCnn^cifiniicuspeopleare(71)_4Featuro^iofcon^cientidushers8r皈炯ilRuwpoap>c叭very(72)_AtoQlhers.ConrscIentrousnsskeepsanorganizationfTiiAsmoothl：y.(73)AcortErf：is-nt8磁lemiioMemploye竝恳atthelowurleuelsdutstandmg<75>k.ThenioslconscieritioususualF>havetheInf住cstvclurneDf聞怙吕areteaslik«lybet76；A.Employors'evaluationsthoworkotc^nscienticuspeoplocanbeA.PossitMe(77|丄wittlconscientiousnesspeoplewithouttociolskillsttndtohaveArelflhonshrpswithIlieiffellowworkers.CorreclentkJEJsnesscanCSO}Acreativity,especiallyInprofessionscdllin^larimdgination.

15【文童大意】本文是议论文，播述的罡“认真尽责逖种美德的特征、在人们的生活和工作等方面发挥的重大作用和可能由这种美德所引起的问题。文童难度适中，但是所需要的词汇有5道題在原文中不能找到，需萝学生归纳总结信息，所查有一走的难度◎71.【答案】strict【解析】从第一段第一句可知认真尽责的人准时、工作认真、自律性强、处理问题一丝不苟，所查说他们对自己要求严格。【考点定位】考查信息归纳水平。72.【答案】helpful/good【解析】从第一段第二句可知认真尽责的人乐于助人。【考点定位】考查信息归纳水平。73.【答案】Functions/Roles/Importanee/Significanee【解析】从第二段第一句“ConscientiousnesSsakeytosuccessinanyfield.可知认真尽责有很大的作用和意义。【考点定位】考查信息归纳水平。74.【答案】running/working/going/operating/functioning【解析】第二段表明工作的各个环节的顺利实行都离不开认真尽责的态度。【考点定位】考查信息归纳水平。75.【答案】performance(s)【解析】原文可查找到“outstandingperformanee”。【考点定位】考查原文单词查找。76.【答案】fired/dismissed/jobless【解析】原文用“againsthethreatofjobloss”【考点定位】考查同义词。77.【答案】problems/troubles【解析】第三段第一句中给出答案“--leadtoproblems”。【考点定位】考查原文单词查找。78.【答案】higher/subjective/unfair/unjust/prejudiced［解析］第四段，履文用"givingthemhighervaluationsthanobjectivemeasures■—”.

16【考点定位】考查原文单词查找。71.【答案】tense/damaged/poor/bad【解析】第五段最后一句用“whichdamagedtheirrelationships【考点定位】考查原文单词查找。72.【答案】discourage/affect/damage【解析】最后一段第一句用“itcandiscouragecreativity”.【考点定位】考查原文单词查找。2019年高考试题2019江苏卷请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个．．最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。“HappinessAdvantage”EffectInJuly2019Burt'sBees,apersonal-careproductscompany,wasgoingthroughenormouschangeasitbeganaglobalexpansioninto19newcountries.Inthiskindofhigh-pressuresituation,manyleadersbothertheirassistantswithfrequentmeetingsorfloodtheirin-boxeswithurgentdemands.Indoingso,managerslifteveryone'sanxietylevel,whichactivatesthepartofthebrainthatprocessesthreatsandstealsresourcesfromtheprefrontalcortex（大脑皮层）,whichisresponsibleforeffectiveproblemsolving.Burt'sBees'sthen-CEO,JohnWolfgang,tookadifferentapproach.Eachday,he'dsendoutane-mailpraisingateammemberforworkrelatedtoglobalmarketing.He'dinterrupthisownpresentationstoremindhismanagerstotalkwiththeirteamsaboutthecompany'svalues.Heaskedmetofurtherathree-hoursessionwithemployeesonhappinessinthecourseoftheexpansioneffort.Asonememberoftheseniorteamtoldmeayearlater,Wolfgang'semphasisondevelopingpositiveleadershipkepthismanagersactivelyinvolvedandloyalastheysuccessfullytransformedthecompanyintoaglobalone.Thatoutcomeshouldn'tsurpriseus.Researchshowsthatwhenpeopleworkwithapositivemind-set（思维模式）,performanceonnearlyeverylevel—productivity,creativity,involvement—improves.Yethappinessisperhapsthemostmisunderstooddriverofperformance.Forone,mostpeoplebelievethatsuccesscomesbeforehappiness.“OnceIgetapromotion,I'llbehappy，”theythink.Or,“OnceIhitmysalestarget,I'llfeelgreat.B”utbecausesuccessisamovingtarget—assoonasyouhityourtarget,youraiseitagain—thehappinessthatresultsfromsuccessdoesnotlastlong.Infact,itworkstheotherwayaround：Peoplewhohaveapositivemind-setperformbetterinthefaceofchallenge.Icallthisthe“happinessadvantage”e—verybusinessoutcomeshowsimprovementwhenthebrainispositive.I'veobservedthiseffectinmyroleasaresearcherandlecturerin48countriesontheconnectionbetweenemployeehappinessandsuccess.AndI'mnot

17alone:Inananalysisof225academicstudies,researchersfoundstrongevideneeofcausesnd-effectrelationshipbetweenlifesatisfactionandsuccessfulbusinessoutcomes.Anothercommonmisunderstandingisthatourgenetics,ourenvironment,oracombinationofthetwodetermineshowhappyweare.Tobesure,bothfactorshaveanimpact.Butone'sgeneralsenseofwell-beingissurprisinglyunstable.Thehabitsyouform,thewayyouinteractwithcolleagues,howyouthinkaboutstress—allthesecanbemanagedtoincreaseyourhappinessandyourchancesofsuccess.“H曲ppinr站EffectAusu&lapproachtomajnagenwntLeaderstendto71.their--———一™toooften.Suchamanagenientstylemayresultingreatfir72.andlessproductivityintheassistantsnAdifferentapproachtornanagementJohnWolfgangwas73.ofhisass-Themanagei阳remained74.totheCompHiiy^Positiveleadershipcouldmakeabig75,toentployMa*peribnnance.Researchfindings：PeopleperformbelterwhenthinkingW一Happiness\sperhapsthemostmi^un-d亡憎toot!dri¥trofperfomaance.Asamatteroffact,your77*wonTtkeepyourhappinesslong.The'"happinessadvantage1*effectis78.provedbyresearchfindings.Itisalsomisunderstoodthatbowhappyweareis79.byourgenetics,etivi-忙nmttit曲4apotnbinatiobofthrtwo.Alotoffactorsluveanimpactonhowhappypeopleareandwhetherthereare執Xofbeingsuccessful【文章大意】最近一项研究表明，一个人的幸福感可育绘决走是否能够成功。所以在企业中，若经理保持着乐观的管理态度」体贴员工，这将使员工的幸福感増强，从而更愿意投入到工作中。71tothetaiuiov细节理解题。根据第一段第二句二：1加i:ndofhteh-ptessures:tuat'on:tnanv>ad?t5bothertheirassistantswith..可知此处用1?芒张：礼迫硏&72,anx:etvconcernv.oirv细节理解题©根第一段第三句二ndoingso;managetsIfle1!ervonesanxiety上ve：...「可知］此处用anxietvcon：T^i'vcr：ye73.considerate/aware/conscious归纳推理题。根据第二段可知，JohnWolfgang采取了一种不同的管理方法，即理解、体贴助手，取得了非常好的效果，故可用considerate/aware/conscious。

1874.loyal/faithful/devoted/committed细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句"…kepthismanagersactivelyinvolvedandloyalasthey…可知此处可用loyal/faithful/devoted/committed。75.difference归纳总结题。根据第二段最后一句“…atsheysuccessfullytransformedthecompanyintoaglobalone”可知积极的领导关系对员工的表现起着非常大的作用。makeadifference起作“用，有效果”，符合语境。76.positively词性转变题。根据第三段第二句“…whenpeopleworkwithapositivemind-set可”知答案。注意此处用positive的副词形式positively修饰动词think。77.success/achievements细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“…youraiseitagain—thehappinessthatresultsfromsuccessdoesnotlastlong.可”知答案。78.strongly词性转变题。根据第四段最后一句“…researcehrsfoundstrongevidenceofcause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenlifesatisfactionandsuccessfulbusinessoutcomes.可”知此处用strong的副词形式strongly修饰动词prove。79.determined/decided词性转变题。根据最后一段“…isthatourgenetics,ourenvironment,oracombinationofthetwodetermineshowhappyweare.可”知此处答案。80.chances/possibilities/opportunities归纳推理题。根据最后一段最后一句可知“你形成的习惯，与同事交流的方式，如何看待压力等都和是否有可能成功相关系”，故此处表示“可能性/机会”，即chances/possibilities/opportunities。【两年模拟】2019、2019名校模拟题及其答案解析2019年模拟题【江苏省大丰市新丰中学2019届高三10月月考】任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）Whatiseco-fashion？Eco-fashionisaboutmakingclothesthattakeintoaccounttheenvironment,thehealthofconsumersandtheworkingconditionsofpeopleinthefashionindustry.Itisacomplexphenomenonandthecommonuseofthetermcoverstwoaspectsoffashion—‘ecologicaland'‘ethica．lE'cologicalfashionusuallyreferstotextile（织物）andclothingproductionprocessesandtheenvironmentalissuessurroundingthem；ethicalfashiongenerallyrelatestotheworkingconditionsinvolvedintheproducingprocesses.Whataretheproblemswithfashion？Acloserlookatthefashionindustrypointsoutmanyproblemsthatarecommonpracticesinthecreationofourfashionsfromthefieldtothefactory.Firstly，theproductionoftextilespollutestheenvironmentheavily.Cotton-plantingusespesticides；sheep-farmingandwool-cleaningcontributetoglobalwarming；synthetics-making（人造纤维生产）bringsaboutwastewhichdoesharmtoourenvironment.Secondly，everystageofclothing

19productionhasasignificanteffectontheenvironment.Theyalluseagreatdealofenergy,andsomealsoinvolveharmfulchemicals.Inadditiontothis,thereisalotofwasteproducedintheprocess,especiallyintheformofpollutedwater.Thirdly,growingconsumptionlevelsandourshoppinghabitsfurtherworsenthebadeffects.Wearenowbuyingclothesinincreasingquantitieswithoutrealizingthescaleonwhichitaffectsnaturalenvironment,andwearealsoquicktothrowawayclothesthathavebeenwornonlyacoupleoftimes.Then,howtosolvetheproblems?Otherindustriesthatdesignproductsareaheadofthefashionindustrywhenitcomestochoosingsustainablematerials,designingforminimumwaste,choosingenergyefficientmanufacturingandcreatingproductsforIongevity.Thefashionindustryhasbeenslowtoadoptthesechangesandpartoftheproblemistheverynatureoffashion.Toalargedegree,itisthefashionproducersthatreallyhavethepowerandtheresponsibilitytoshapeourfuture.Therearenumerouswaysinwhichtheseproducerscanreducetheirecologicalfootprint,fromswitchingtogreenenergyandreducingenergyuse,throughselectingsustainablematerialsandchoosinglocalsuppliers,torecycleandminimizewaste.Ontheotherhand,asconsumerswecanallmakecontributionsbyselectingenvironmentallyfriendlyclothingandreducingclothingconsumption.Thereissomeconcernthatecofriendlyfashionsarejustatrendthatwewilleventuallygrowtiredofbutwecanmakesurethatdoesn'thappen.Nowmanypeoplearebeginningtoshopfororganicfoodproductsbecausethebenefitsofeatingfoodfreeofchemicalsarestraightforwardandimmediate.Theyrelatedirectlytoourpersonalhealth.Infact,choosingeco-fashioncanalsocontributetoourpersonalhealth,thoughitismostlydonebywayofkeepingthehealthoftheplanet.Whychooseeco-fashion?71offashionEcologicalTextile&clothingproductionprocesses;Issuesrelatedto72EthicalWorking73involvedProblemswithTextile74Cotton-planting:useofpesticides;Sheep-arming&wool-cleaning:globalwarming;Synthetics-making:75waste

20fashionClothingproductionProducingalotofwaste;Usingharmfulchemicals;76agreatdealofenergyConsumptionlevels&shoppinghabitsNewclothes:boughtinincreasingquantitiesOldclothes:77awayquickly78toFashionproducersWaystorecycleand79waste:Switchingtogreenenergy;Reducingenergyuse;Selectingsustainablematerials;Choosinglocalsuppliersproblems80SelectingenvironmentallyfriendlyclothingReducingclothingconsumptionChoosingeco-fashioncancontributetoourpersonalhealth.【答案】71.Aspects72.environment73.conditions74.production75.harmful76.Consuming/using77.thrown78.Solutions79.minimize80.Consumers

21【解析】71.Aspects根1®第—段iS至UIt.=aph：:ioxjao:iand乐commonuseofthetermcaverstv.oaspectsoffashion—&0：底乂aTand'rth；加「这是个复杂的现象，有两个两个方面生态和道德®72.^mironment根据第—段JSSU三ic上芥荒faiitoa□印血?y常殳芒=Lextile（织物）andclothingproductionptoceiiesandih?envirenmenta^:isuessurrouaduK加:i;生态时尚指织物，衣服和环保有关系?73.conditions根据第一段提至Uethicalfashiongenerallyrelatestotheworkingconditionsinvolvedintheproducingprocesses.道德时尚指的是与工作环境相关；74.production根据第二段提至UFirstly，theproductionoftextilespollutestheenvironmentheavily.衣服的生产严重污染环境。75.harmful根据第二段提至UCotton-plantingusespesticides;sheep-farmingandwool-cleaningcontributetoglobalwarming;synthetics-making（人造纤维生产）bringsaboutwastewhichdoesharmtoourenvironment.人造纤维的生产会生产对环境有害的废物；76.Consuming/using根据第二段提至UTheyalluseagreatdealofenergy,andsomealsoinvolveharmfulchemicals.衣物的生产消耗大量的能源，涉及到有害化学品；77.thrown根据第二段提至Uwearealsoquicktothrowawayclothesthathavebeenwornonlyacoupleoftimes.我们会扔掉旧的衣服；78.Solutions根据第三段提到如何解决定一问题，故用solutions.79.minimize根据第三段提至UOtherindustriesthatdesignproductsareaheadofthefashionindustrywhenitcomestochoosingsustainablematerials,designingforminimumwaste,choosingenergyefficientmanufacturingandcreatingproductsforIongevity.设计一些时尚的衣服，选择合适的面料，最小的浪费，有效的实行利用。80.Consumers根据第三段提至UOntheotherhand,asconsumerswecanallmakecontributionsbyselectingenvironmentallyfriendlyclothingandreducingclothingconsumption另一方面对于消费者来说，选择环保的衣服和减少衣服的浪费。考点：任务型阅读。【江苏省苏北四市（徐州、淮安、连云港、宿迁）2019届高三上学期期中质量】任务型阅读（共

2210小题；每小题I分，满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在表格中的横线上填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：TheGREATESTJourneyIhadlunchlastweekwithahigh-rankingbusinesswomanforafortune500company.Iaskedherwhattipsshewouldgivetosomeoneearlyintheircareer.Withouthesitationshejumpedrightintofourkeystoherprofessionalclimb：Knowyourbusiness.Nevergetsatisfactionwithyourindustryoryourposition.Inmostcases,theknowledgeyouholdnowisnotgoodenoughtostandthetestoftime.Thus,youmustkeepworkingtostayontopofwhat'nsewandwhat'csomingdownthepipeline.Thisiswhatreallycounts,especiallyearlyinaprofessionalcareer,asmanyentrylevelassociatesarecontenttobegainfullyemployed.Pickcareerswithcare.Again,earlyinyourcareeritiseasytorunafterthejobthatoffersthemostmoney.Inthecaseofalife-longcareermoneycannotanswerallthings.Ifyouaregoingtobeanentrepreneurthenyou'lplrobablystartwithabudgetofzero.Yet,ifyouhavethediscipline,workingforyourselfcouldbethebestchoiceyou'vevermade.Ifyouaregoingtoworkforacompanyyouhavetodoyourhomework.Ifyoufindacompanythatconsistswithyourvaluesandproducesaproductthatyou100%believein,thenyou'hllaveaneasytimegivingthatorganizationyourall.Bepersonable.Ifeveryonehatestobearoundyouattheoffice,it'tismetocheckyourattitude.We'veallheardatleastoneanecdoteaboutagreatthinkerwithgreatskillswhodrovecoworkerscrazy.Someway,somehowmanyofthebrightestandbestlackthe“peopleskillst”oadvancebeyondanentry-levelposition.Inshort,youmusthavetheinterpersonalinsighttointeractwithinternalandexternalcontacts.Ifnot,youmayfindthatyouareunimportantoncesomeonewithsoft-skillsjoinstheorganization.Why?Peoplehavetobuyyoubeforetheyeverbuytheproductyou'rseelling.Bewillingtomove.ThisiswhereIgotpuzzled.Shesharedhowshelivedinsevenstatesstillworkingforthesameorganization.Muchismadeofmovingintoday'asttemptstoclimbthecorporateladder.Asmoreandmorecompaniesextendtohaveaglobalreach,itiseasytounderstandwhynewopportunitiesbirthinvariouslocations.

23Whateverthepath,outlineinyourheartwhatdestinationyouhopetoreachandthiswillbeakeyindicatorastowhichjourneywillbegreatestforyou.Title:TheGreatestJourneyPassageOutlinesSupportingDetailsInformationaboutabusinesswoman•Sheieldahigh(71)▲inafortune500companv.•Shevorkedforthesameorganization(72)▲thefactthatshelivedinsevenstates.(73)▲onprofessionalclimbKnowyourbusiness•Don'fixeyesonthefinancial(74)▲intheinitialstage.•Bemodestaboutyourperformaneeintheposition,foryouneedtobetteryourknowledgesoasnottolagbehind.Pickcareers(75)▲•Don'funafterwell-payingjobsearlyinyourcareer.•Workinanidealcompanyandyouarewillingtobe(76)▲tothatorganization.Bepersonable•(77)▲drivingcoworkerscrazyforlackofsocialskills.•Tryto(78)▲othersbothinternallyandexternallysothatnoonecanshakeyourfoundationsintheorganization.Bewillingtomove•Asanincreasingnumberofcompanies(79)▲theirbusinessglobally,newopportunitiesariseaccordingly.Conclusion•Withyourdreamingdestination(80)▲inmind,youwillbenavigatedthroughthegreatestjourney.【答案】71.rank/position72.despite73.Tips/Suggestions/Advice74.interest/gain/profit75.carefully76.committed/devoted/dedicated

2471.Avoid/Stop72.contact73.extend/expand/grow74.outlined/kept/borne/born【解析】试题分析：本文讲述的是作者通过与一位成功女士的交谈，给了关于成功的四条准则°71.rankposition根据第一段提？“Ihad沁…叱上負bui'iiesswomanfotafoitun^company上周我在吃饭和一个在财■富五百强公司工作的高级职业的女士一块吃饭，故填写rankposxonQ72.despite根JS倒数第三段Sh&sharedac'/竺乳：丰M：：：vrarkingforthesameorganize：on她分享她曾经在七个州居住过』却为同一个公司工作的经历，故填写左帝吐巴73.Tips/Suggestions/Advice根据Iaskedherwhattipsshewouldgivetosomeoneearlyintheircareer.Withouthesitationshejumpedrightintofourkeystoherprofessionalclimb可知给出的四个建议。74.interest/gain/profit根据第三段提至UAgain,earlyinyourcareeritiseasytorunafterthejobthatoffersthemostmoney.可知在起步阶段不要把眼睛盯在钱上即利益上。75.carefully根据第三段标题Pickcareerswithcare谨慎选择职业，故用carefully.76.committed/devoted/dedicated根据第四段提至UIfyoufindacompanythatconsistswithyourvaluesandproducesaproductthatyou100%believein,thenyou'haveaneasytimegivingthatorganizationyourall.如果你找到理想的公司，你就要全身心地投入，故填committed/devoted/dedicated。77.Avoid/Stop根据第五段提至UWWveallheardatleastoneanecdoteaboutagreatthinkerwithgreatskillswhodrovecoworkerscrazy.Someway,somehowmanyofthebrightestandbestlackthe“peopleskillstd'advaneebeyondanentry-levelposition.我们都听说了一个思想家把同事逼疯的故事。总来说之，不管怎么说，其中很多聪明优秀的人才缺乏超越初级职位时的“人际交往技能”，可知用Avoid/Stop。78.contact根据倒数第四段提至UInshort,youmusthavetheinterpersonalinsighttointeract

25withinternalandexternalcontacts简来说之，你必须有人际洞察力，看到与内部和外部的联系，故用contact79extend芒梵pandgrw根据倒数第二段提^aj工比andn:creco:i:p?tiiesextendtoh茁弋a琴HbHieach;1iseasytounderstandA'.hyn?v/opportunititibir'.j：3:笙工山忠工工址随看越来越多的公司开始全球的拓展业务〉所以很容易理解新的机会在各地会就此诞生*S?out^^n?dk?ptborn?born根据最后一段jSH农血冶就：土“么cirkne.nvourheartv,-hatdestinationyouhop?toreachandthisbeak?yindka'crasx3-xc：icurae；-zr^atsstforyou不管件么路径，在你心目中勾勒出你希望到达的目的地』这将是你伟大旅程中一个关键的指明灯.考点：任务型阅读【江苏省苏州中学2019届高三10月月考】任务型阅读（10分）阅读下列短文并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词，每空格1词（共10个小题；每小题1分，满分10分）Zebrashavetheirownbugrepellent（马驱虫剂）?Ewwbugs!Theyaresoannoying!Wehumansareluckythatwecanapplyrepellentstoavoidnastybites.Butwhat'ananimaltodo?Theyhavenochoicebuttospendtheirdaysshooingthemoffwiththeirtails,uniess,ofcourse,theyarezebras,whoapparentlyhavetheirownautomaticrepellent---theirstripedskin!Scientistshadoriginallythoughtthatthereasonwhytheanimalhaddevelopedtheblackandwhitelineswastohelpprotectitselffrompredators（食肉动物）intheAfricansavannah（大草原）,becausethestripesmakeitdifficulttosingleoutonezebrathatistravelingwithaherd.Whilethatmaybetrue,thetheoryhasneverbeentestedorproven.Nowtheexpertshaveanother---thatthestripeshaveevolvedtorepeltheannoyinghorsefliesthatnotonlyfeedofftheirblood,butalso,transmitdangerousgermsintothebodiesoftheseinnocentanimals.ThestudywasperformedbyateamofSwedishscientists.Oneofthecluesthatgotthemthinkingalongtheselineswasthefactthatdarkerhorsesgotbittenmoreoftenthanlight-coloredorwhiteones.Thefactthatzebrasarebornblackandonlydevelopstripesastheygrowoldermadethescientiststheorizethatthestripesmaybesomethingtheanimalshavedevelopedtomakethemselveslessattractivetoflies.Totestifthismaybethecase,theypaintedsomeboardsatahorse-infested（寄生的）horsefarminBudapestwithpatternsofblackandwhitestripesofvaryingwidthsandappliedalayerofglueonthem.Whattheynoticedwasthattheplaceswheretheblackandwhitestripeswereattheirnarrowest(similartowhatzebrashave)attractedthefewestflies.Theyachievedsimilarresultswhentheypaintedhorseswithblackandwhitezebra-likestripes.Whiletheresearcharenotsurewhythismaybethecase,theybelieveitmaybesomethingtodowiththewayin

26sectsoperate---horsefliesareattractedtohorizontallypolarizedlight(偏振光);sincewhitedoesnotreflectit,whitehorsesareluckierthanblackones.Butzebrasseemtobetheluckiestofall.Whentheresearchersmeasuredthepolarizedlightreflectedfromrealzebraskins,theyfoundthatitmatchedlightpatternsthatweretheleastattractivetohorseflies.Whilethistheorydoesmakelogicalsense,nobodyis100percentsurethatitisreallytrue,giventhatithasneverbeentestedonarealzebra.Ifitistrue,itdoesraisethequestionofwhyahorse,acloserelativeofthezebrahasfailedtodevelopstripes.TheresearchersbelievethatthiscouldbebecausetherearemorehorsefliesinAfrica,wherezebrasreside,thenanywhereelseintheworld.TitleZebrashavetheirownbugrepellent?ReasonswhyzebrasOriginalbeliefWiththeblackandwhitelines,onezebraisdifficulttosingleoutwhiletravelingwithaherd,thus81itfromitsenemies.developNewtheoryZebras,residinginAfricawheretherearemosthorsefliesinthetheirstripsworldhavedevelopedstripsto82beingattacked.ResearchersAteamofscientistsfrom83Totestifstripsaredevelopedtomakezebraslessattractiveto84flies.*Whiteorlight-coloredhorsesareless85togetbittenthanCluesdarkones.Astudy*Zebrasdevelopstripsastheygrowolderthoughbornblack.*SomeboardsatahorsefarmarepaintedwithpatternsofblackMethodandwhitestripesvariously86,alayerofglueappliedonthem.*Measuredthepolarizedlightreflectedfromrealzebraskins.*Theplaceswheretheblackandwhitestripesatthenarrowest87weresimilartothe88zebrashaveattractedthefewestflies.*Stripsofzebrasmatchedlightpatternsthatweretheleastattractivetohorseflies.

27PrincipleofzebrasblackandwhitestripsrepellingthefliesHorizontallypolarizedlight,whichwhitedoesnotreflect,89tohorseflies.Conclusion90testedonrealzebras,thetheoryisn'definitelytrue.【答案】71.protecting72.avoid83.Sweden84.Purpose85.likely86.wide87.Findings88.ones89.appeals90.Unless【解析】试题分析：人类可以利用各种方法抵御蚊虫的叮咬，那么动物怎么做呢？科学家发现斑马的黑白条纹可能是它们用来抵御蚊虫叮咬的万法。Sl.proten-ns词形转化题：根据第二段的句子：aadthoughtUiatih?reasonvlivth?animalhadop?dth?blackandv-hieline:vasHhelp:roxpredatorsinthrAfricansavannah,b咒日u證thestripesmake1difficulttosmclsdu:on:ztb:a:hi::*:rav;：：:ic沈aherd可知科学家原来认为斑2长着黑白的条纹是为了保护自己免受敌人的进攻，片乂:改成口“亡壬做伴随状语。82.avoid句意理解题：根据第二段的句子：Nowtheexpertshaveanother---thatthestripeshaveevolvedtorepeltheannoyinghorsefliesthatnotonlyfeedofftheirblood,butalso,transmitdangerousgermsintothebodiesoftheseinnocentanimals.可知科学家现在又发现斑马长着黑

2883.Sweden词形转化题：根据第三段的句子：ThestudywasperformedbyateamofSwedishscientists.可知研究人员是来自瑞典的：Sweden。84.Purpose归纳词：根据右边的内容：Totestifstripsaredevelopedtomakezebraslessattractivetoflies.可知这是这项调查的目的：Purpose。85.likely句意理解题：根据第三段的句子：Oneofthecluesthatgotthemthinkingalongtheselineswasthefactthatdarkerhorsesgotbittenmoreoftenthanlight-coloredorwhiteones.可知白色或浅色的马比黑色的马被咬的可能性要小，所以填likely。86.wide词形转化题：根据第五段的句子：Totestifthismaybethecase,theypaintedsomeboardsatahorse-infestedhorsefarminBudapestwithpatternsofblackandwhitestripesofvaryingwidthsandappliedalayerofglueonthem.可知科学家在板上画了不同宽度的黑白条纹。用形容词做定语wide。87.Findings归纳词：右边的内容是这次调查的结果，填Findings。88.ones指代题：根据第五段的句子：Whattheynoticedwasthattheplaceswheretheblackandwhitestripeswereattheirnarrowest（similartowhatzebrashave）attractedthefewestflies可知这里用ones代替stripes。89.appeals考查词组：根据第六段的句子：horsefliesareattractedtohorizontallypolarizedlight（偏振光）;sincewhitedoesnotreflectit,可知attracts改成词组：appealsto。90.Unless句意理解题：根据最后一段的句子：Whilethistheorydoesmakelogicalsense,nobodyis100percentsurethatitisreallytrue,giventhatithasneverbeentestedonarealzebra.可知如果不在真的斑马身上做实验，这个结果都不一定是真实的，填Unless。【知识拓展】1.wide---width宽度---widely广泛地；high---height高度---highly高度地；deep---depth深度---deeply深深地；long---length长度。2.belikelytodosth.很可能做某事；Itislikelythat---，很可能做---。考点：考查任务型阅读【江苏省五校联考2019届高三英语第二次英语试题】任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上相对应题号的横线上。TheInternethasbecomeawayoflifeformanypeoplearoundtheworld.Sowhatwouldhappenifonefinemorning,youwokeuptofindtheInternethasnoexistence?Howwouldyourlifebechanged?Well,yourlifestylemightbeimpacted.IfyouwereanInternetaddict,youwouldfindthatyourlifehascometoanend.Withnoonlinefacilities,aconsiderablepartofyourtimewouldbespentwaitinginlonglinesatbanks,postofficesorgovernmentoffices.You

29wouldbewaitingfordaysorevenweeksforyourmailtoarrivefromanothercorneroftheworld.Suddenly,youwouldrealizethatyourfast-pacedlifeisrunningatasnailp'asce.WithouttheInternet,yoursocializingwouldalsobeimpacted.Ifyou'dgottenveryusedtosocializingonline,youwouldnowbecluelessastohowyoucouldsharethepicturesofyourrecenttripyouwentforwithyourfriendsacrosstheglobe.Itwouldbedifficulttointeractwithpeoplelivingoutsideyourlocality.Youmighthavetobecomeamemberofacluboracommunityinyourneighborhoodtomakenewfriends.Withnoonlinesocialmedia,youwouldfindyourselfsayingthisveryoften：Let'gsoandtalktothem!Withnowaytouseemails,instantmessaging,chatorsocialmedia,wewouldhavetotakeadvantageoftheoptionofatelephoneconversation,orsendingsnailmail.Communicationviatheinternetisfree,whereastheoptionsavailableotherwisewouldcostyouextramoneyandtime.Yourwouldhavetowritelettersandbuystamps,asweusedtodobeforetheInternetbecamepopular.TheInternethasbecomeahugeseaofinformationandresources.NoInternetwouldmeannoinstantandeasyaccesstoinformationattheclickofabutton.Yourwouldhavetowalkdowntoyourlocallibraryandactuallysearchthewholeplacetogettheinformationyou'rleookingfor,withlittlechancesthatyou'flilndwhatyouseekinstantly.ThestudentswhowereaccustomedtousingtheInternetforcompletingtheirassignmentswouldhaveatoughtime.Therewouldbenowaytogetaneducationwithoutactuallygoingtoaschooloracollegephysically.WithouttheInternet,thingsatyourworkplacewouldbeturnedupsidedown.IfyourworkwaslargelyInternet-based,yourcompanymighthavetoshutdown.IfyourworkinvolvedonlyminoruseoftheInternet,forexample,usingonlinesystemtoacquirestatisticsfromtheInternet,thissimpletaskwouldnowbeacomplicatedandtime-consumingprocess.Yourdeskwouldbefullofdocumentsandfiles,andyouwouldhaveanightmaresearchingorsortingthemoutbyhand.Inanycase,lifewithouttheInternetwouldseemlikenightmare!Soenjoylivingintheparadisewecall

30theInternetandmakewiseuseofit!CanyouimaginetheworldwithouttheInternetParagraphoutlineSupportingdetailsLifestyleItwouldtakeyoumuchIongertimetogetsomepublic(71)Thepaceofyourlifewould(72)downSocializingYouwouldnotknowhowtoshareyourthingswithyourfarawayfriendsYouwouldhavedifficultyinteractingwithpeoplelivingoutsideyourlocalityYouwouldneedtoioinacluboracommunityto(73)newpeopleYouwouldalwaysbeobligedtomakeface-to-face(74)withothersCommunicationWithoutemails,instantmessagingorsocialmedia,youwouldhavetouseoldcommunicatingwaysliketelephoneconversationCommunicatinginoldwayswouldbe(75)andtime-consumingInformationLargeamountsofinformationandresourcesonlinewouldnoIongerbeeasily(76)Thestudentswhowereinthe(77)ofusingtheInternetwouldhavetroublecompletingtheirassignmentsItwouldbeimpossibleforstudentstobe(78)viatheInternetWorkplaceThosecompaniesthatwereheavily(79)ontheInternetwouldclosedownItwouldbecomplicatedandtime-consumingtoacquiresomestatisticsYourdeskwouldbeina(80)anditwouldbehardforyoutosearchorsortsomethingout【答案】71.service(s)72.Slow73.Meet/befriend74.Contact/conversation(s)

3173.costly/expensive74.Accessed/available75.habit76.self-educated/educated77.dependent78.mess【解析】试题分析;:请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文童后表格中的空格里埴入一个最恰当的单词。注意：毎个空格只填1个单词。71sen：csi'i'i1f根据旬意可知：得到许多公共服务需要花费你更长的时间・故填72.SIOW根据句意可知：生活步调将会慢下来。故填slow。73.Meet/befriend句意：你需要加入一个俱乐部或一个社区结交新朋友。故填Meet/befriend。74.Contact/conversation(s)句意：与其他人面对面的交流或谈话。故填Contact/conversation(s)。75.costly/expensive句意：旧的交流方式将花费很多并且浪费时间。故填costly/expensive。76.Accessed/available句意：网上大量的资源和信息不再容易进入。故填Accessed/available。77.habit句意：有用电脑习惯的学生在完成他们的作业上有麻烦。故填habit。78.self-educated/educated句意：学生通过网络受教育将是可能的。故填self-educated/educated。79.dependent句意：特别依赖网络的公司将会倒闭。故填dependent。80.mess句意：你的课桌将会一片混乱。故填mess。【知识归纳】

321.dependon依赖，依靠；dependent依赖的，bedependenton依赖。2.in-是否定的前缀independent独立自主的；independence独立自主温馨提示充分利用词的前缀和后缀，有利于记忆单词，增大词汇量。考点：考查任务型阅读【江苏省如东高级中学2019届高三上学期期中考试】任务型阅读（共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个．．最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相对应题号的横线上。IDsystemsareusedasameansforpeopletoprovetheiridentity,asameansofaccesscontrol,orformanyothersituations.IDcardsalsocontainalotmoreinformationthansimplythenameoftheholder.AllIDcardscontaininformationthatisrelevanttotheinstitutionthatreleasedthem,sothereisnosinglemodelthatappliestoallIDcards.DifferentinstitutionshavedifferentruleswhenitcomestoIDcards,andIDcardsusedbystudents,inuniversities,willnothavethesamesecurityfeaturesasthoseusedinthemilitary,forexample.Themoreimportanttheinstitutionis,themoreimportantthesecurityis,andthemoresecurityfeatureswillbeusedtopreventduplication（复制）ofanIDcard.AnyonewithaprinterthatcanprintIDcardscanduplicateinIDcard,ifitdoesnothaveanysecuritymeasures.Therehavebeenlotsofcases,especiallyinlowsecurityinstitutions,whereIDcardshavebeenduplicatedandthiswasnotnoticed,sincethepersonholdingthecardusuallyflasheditwhenitwasrequested,andthatwasnotenoughtonoticethatitisafake.Thatmaynotbeextremelyimportantwhenitissimplyacaseofastudenttryingtoenterthecampusofanotheruniversity,butitcanbeofvitalimportanceifithappensinamilitaryinstitution.Checksinmilitaryinstitutionsaremuchstricterandthepersonnelcheckingthecardarealwaystrainedtospotfakesinashortamountoftime.SomemaythinkthatcreatinganIDcardisextremelydifficult,butitisnot.AllittakesisaspecialprinterthatcanprintIDcards,amodelandaphotoID.Thefactthatsuchprinterscanbefreelyorderedonlinehasraisedsecurityissueswithlotsofcompaniesandinstitutions,andmosthavedecidedtoeithercreatetheirownIDcards,orsimplyusemoreadvancedsecurityfeaturesthatregularhome-usersdonothaveaccessto.Thisineludesmagneticstripes(磁条),chips,barcodes(条形码),andothermethods.Thisdoesincreasethecostofthecardperperson,sothetotalcostofthecardsincreasesbasedonthenumberofemployeesthecompanyhas,butitalsoreducessecurityriskstoaminimum.

33SoIDsystems,asbasicastheyseem,areanexcellentsecuritymeasureforanyinstitution.ToensurethattheIDslookgoodandfunctionproperly,thecompanythathandlesthecardprintingservicesshouldbetop-class.Tryingtosavesomemoneybychoosingacheaperproviderisnotreallywise.Whilesomecompaniesofferbonusesforlargeorders,ifthequalityprovidedisnotofthehigheststandard,itisnotworthit.IDsystemsPassageoutlineSupportingdetails(76)toIDsystemThereisnotasinglemodel(77)toallIDcardsbecauseofdifferentinformationcontainedindifferentIDcards.Differentsecurityfeaturesaredecidedbythedegreeofthe(78)oftheinstitutionsSecurityfeaturesofIDcardsWithnosecuritymeasuresquitealotof(79)ofIDcardduplicationhavehappened.InamilitaryinstitutionIDcardsare(80)morestrictly(81)ofIDcardsItisnot(82)tomakeIDcardswithspecialprinters.Usingmagneticstripes,chipsandbarcodes(83)thesafetyofIDcards.Theauthor'dvice(84)basicandsimple,IDsystemsareanexcellentsecuritymeasure.It"wiseto(85)top-classprovidersorservicestoensureIDcardsofafinequality.【答案】76.Introduction77.applying78.importanee79.cases80.checked81.Creation/production82.difficult/hard83.increase84.Seeming/Looking85.choose/use/select

34【解析】试題分析：请认寡阅读下列姮文匚并根IE所读内容在文童后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词「注青:每■■个空格只填1个单词4请将答聚写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。7(5.Introduction根据句意可知是对二系统的介绍。故填Jittoduetion.77apply:ns句意：没有一个单一的模型适合所有的卡。此处是现在井词作定语，故填appA'ingi7S.importance句意：不同的安全特性是由机构的重要性的稈度来决定的。'mportance重要性』舌攵填'mp0Han:?<-79.cases句意：没有安全措施，大量的身份证复印件案件已经发生。故填cases80.checked句意：在军事机构身份证检查更严格。故填checked。81.Creation/production句意：身份证的制作。故填Creation/production。82.difficult/hard句意：用特殊的印刷机制作身份证并不难。故填difficult/hard。83.increase根据句意可知是：增加身份证的安全。故填increaseo84.Seeming/Looking句意：安全措施看起来是基本的和简单的，但确实是非常棒的安全措施。故填Seeming/Looking。85.choose/use/select句意：选择顶级的提供者或服务者来确保一个高质量的身份证是明智的。故填choose/use/select。【名师点拨】1.paitent---paitenee;important---importanee;confident---confidenee2.Itis+形容词(important/impossible---)+forsb.todosth.Itis+形容词(clever/honest---)+ofsb.todosth.3.findit+形容词+todosth.考点：任务型阅读【江苏省盐城市2019届高三上学期期中考试】任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个．．最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相对应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。Haveyoueverbeensoabsorbedinaconversationatapartythatyoufailedtonoticethatsomeonenewisstandingonlysixinchesawayfromyou,tryingtogetyourattention?It'posssiblethatyouweresodistractedthatyoudidn'ntoticesomeoneapproachingyou.Butit'alssoentirelylikelythatyouwereexperiencingchangeblindness.Changeblindnessisaphenomenonthatoccurswhenapersonisunabletonoticevisualchangesintheir

35environment,despitethefactthattheyareoftenratherobvious.Incasesofchangeblindness,thepersonisn'fatilingtonoticesmallorinsignificantchanges,butwillprobablymissbigchanges,likesomeonestandingnexttothemwavingtheirhand.Earlyexperimentswithchangeblindnessfocusedlargelyonmemoryandperceptionwhenviewingpictures.Forexample,apersonmightbeshownaphotographofastreetsceneinEgyptandtoldtomemorizetheimage.Followingthat,theywouldbeshownthesamepicturewithcertainelementsaddedortakenawayandaskedtoidentifywhat'dsifferent.Veryoftentheindividualcouldrecallthelargeraspectsofthepicturebutcouldn'retcognizethesmallerchanges.Inthe1990s,researcherDanielSimonsconductedafascinatingstudyintochangeblindnessthatmanypeoplefindunbelievable.InSimons'study,heaskedparticipantstowatchavideoofabasketballbeingpassedaroundbetweenseveralpeople,withaparticularfocusonthebasketballitself.Whentheexperimentwasover,Simonsfoundthatalargenumberofparticipantsweresofocusedonwatchingthebasketballbeingpassedaroundthattheyfailedtonoticeamaninagorillasuitjumpingaroundinfrontofthecamera.It'imsportanttonotethatthechangeinSimons'videowasn'tsubtle;thegorillaisveryobviouslytakingupmuchoftheframe.Simonsconcludedthatparticipantswereexperiencinginattentionalblindness,whichiswhenapersonfailstonoticeamajorchangebecausetheyaresofocusedonanothertask.Inthiscase,becauseparticipantswereaskedtofocusonthemovementofthebasketball,theirbrainsprioritizedthattaskinordertodoitproperly,therebymissingtheotherthingshappeninginthevideo.InthecaseofSimons'study,participantsengagedwhat'sferredtoasattentionalselection,whichiswhenapersonselectscertainthingstofocusoninordertoachieveataskandfiltersoutanythingthatisunrelatedtotheobjective.Thereareanumberoftheoriesaboutwhatcausesaperson'inabilitytorecognizeobviouschangesintheirenvironment,butmostagreethatthephenomenonisrelatedtosensoryprocessing.Broadlyspeaking,ourbrainshavealimitedcapacitytodetectandprocesseverythinginourenvironment.Instead,whatthebraindoesistochoosecertainthingstoprocess,evaluate,andstore,whichallowsotherthingstobemissedorfilteredout.Insimpleterms,changeblindnesshasagreatdealtodowithwhereapersondirectstheirattention.Inthecaseofthegorillaandthebasketball,peoplefocusedtheirattentionalmostexclusivelyononething,whichcausedthemtomissotherelementsorchanges.Giventhatattentionisoftenattherootofchangeblindness,aperson'ageormentalandphysicalhealthcaninfluencehowwelltheywillnoticechangesinstimuli.

36ChangeBlindness(71)▲ofchangeblindnessChangeblindnessisasurprisingperceptualphenomenonthatoccurswhenapersonrecognizesminorchangesinsceneswhilelargechangesgo(72)▲.•Themain(73)▲ofearlyexperimentswasmemoryandExperimentswithchangeperception.blindness•Individualswerefoundtobe(74)▲atrecallingthesmallerdetailsinthesamepicturepreviouslyshowntothem.•InSimons'study,participantswereaskedtopayspecialattentiontothe(75)▲basketball,duringwhichtimeamanwearingagorillasuitunexpectedlywalkedthroughthescene.Researchinthe1990s•Contrarytopopularbelief,withtheirattentionfixedonthebasketball,manyparticipantsreportedthatthe“gorilla(76)▲theirnotice.•Itisconcludedthatparticipantsfailtorecognizesomethingbigbutunrelatedtotheobjectivewhentheirbrainsareprogrammedtoconsidersometaskasatop(77)▲.(78)▲ofchange•Thebrainmakes(79)▲aboutwhattobedealtwithbecauseofitslimitedcapacity.blindness•Althoughattentionisclosely(80)▲tochangeblindness,ageandhealthareotherfactorsthatplayarole.【答案】71.Definition/Concept72.unnoticed73.focus74.poor75.moving76.escaped77.priority78.Causes79.choices

3771.related/linked【解析】试题分析；文童给我们介绍了6吨让二山曲这一现象的定义、相关的实验及实验结果、出现这种现象的原因。71.Def.M'onConcept考查名词。根据后面内容可知是Uiq孚V：；n±ie=s的定义或概念。3efJiition"定义3Concept概念叫故填3rfnitonCo:伫p:®72unnot:ed考查形容词◎根IS第二段中的定义匚血辛卜二订眾二二aphenomenonthatoccurswhenapeison沽unabletonot'；?\:sua^changesintheir芒皿玉宇:弋：也九二：九上：a?var?oftentatheiobviousunab>ionov.ce可知此处与之对应，故填uniic\；cd(.73.focus考查名词。根据第三段Earlyexperimentswithchangeblindnessfocusedlargelyonmemoryandperceptionwhenviewingpictures.可知最早实验的焦点是记忆和知觉，故填focus。74.poor考查形容词。根据第三段Veryoftentheindividualcouldrecallthelargeraspectsofthepicturebutcouldn'etognizethesmallerchanges.可知个体不能辨认那些小的变化，在此方面不擅长，故填poor。75.moving考查形容词。根据第四段heaskedparticipantstowatchavideoofabasketballbeingpassedaroundbetweenseveralpeople可知实验时让参加者们看互相传的篮球视频，由此可知是“运动的”篮球，故填moving。76.escaped考查动词。根据第四段Simonsfoundthatalargenumberofparticipantsweresofocusedonwatchingthebasketballbeingpassedaroundthattheyfailedtonoticeamaninagorillasuitjumpingaroundinfrontofthecamera.可知人们太专注于篮球了却没注意从相机前跳过的穿着大猩猩服装的人。此处指逃离他们的视线，根据failedtonotice填escaped。77.priority考查名词。根据第五段Inthiscase,becauseparticipantswereaskedtofocusonthemovementofthebasketball,theirbrainsprioritizedthattaskinordertodoitproperly,therebymissingtheotherthingshappeninginthevideo.可知为了准确地完成任务，他们的大脑优先注意这个任务。此处指优先首选，根据prioritized故填priority。78.Causes考查名词。根据后面表格内容可知在讲这种现象的原因，原因有两点用复数形式，故填Causes。79.choices考查名词。根据倒数第二段Instead,whatthebraindoesistochoosecertainthingstoprocess,evaluate,andstore,whichallowsotherthingstobemissedorfilteredout.可知大脑会选择某些事情去加工、评价和储存。此处指做出选择，根据choose填choices。80.related/linked考查非谓语动词。根据最后一段changeblindnesshasagreatdealtodowithwhereapersondirectstheirattention.中的hasagreatdealtodowith可知是“相关，相关”之意，故填related/linked。考点：考查阅读填空。

38【江苏省淮安市淮海中学2019届高三9月月考】任务型阅读（共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分）请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相对应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。Ayoungpersonissaidtohaveabehaviordisorderwhenhisorherbehaviorisnoticeablydifferentfromthatexpectedintheschoolorcommunity.Thiscanalsobestatedinsimplertermsasachildwhoisnotdoingwhatadultswanthimtodoataparticulartime.Childrenwiththisdisorderoftenseemtobebehavingindifferentandsociallyunacceptableways.Likelearningdisabilities,behaviordisordersarehardtodiagnose.Therearenophysicalsymptomsinthebodythatareobservableormeasurable.Behaviordisordersarethereforeidentifiedbyobservingbehaviorpatternsinthechildoveraperiodoftime.Ifachilddisplayssomeofthefollowingbehaviors,hemaybelabeledwithabehaviordisorder：♦Aggressionandcrueltytopeopleandanimals.Destructionofproperty—defacingordamagingthings.♦Littlesympathyandconcernforothers.Takesnoresponsibilityforbehavior.Alsolies,cheatsandstealseasily..Disregardsrulesandregulations.Inadditiontothesegeneralsymptomsofabehaviordisorder,thereareothersymptomscharacteristicofmorespecificbehaviordisorderssuchasADHD—thisistheinattentive,can'-sit-stillbehavior.Theattentioncan'lastlongandthebehaviorisimpulsiveattimes.Thechildalsoseemsquitedistractedandforgetful.Behaviordisorderscomefrombraininjury,childabuse,andshock,etc.Therehavealsobeenindicationsthatitcouldbeageneticdisorder.Thebehaviorthereforeisaninvoluntaryresponsetotheseexperiencesandthechildshouldnotbeblamedforhisbehavior.Sincethechildhasproblemscontrollinghisbehavior,itstandstoreasonthathisperformanceinschoolwillbeaffected.Achildwithabehaviordisorderwillfeelbadabouthimselfandthatlowself-esteemwillbefurtherworsenedbytheadultsaroundhimwhodonottreathisconditionwithunderstandingandwillingnesstohelp.Behaviordisordersarebestdealtwithbybehaviorandpsychologicaltreatments.But,aswithlearningdisabilities,accuratediagnosisisimportantandthismustbeoveralengthoftime.Itisalsoimportantintryingtomodifythebehaviortobeclearaboutwhatisthebehavioryouareexpecting.Makesureitisarationalexpectation.Forexample,expectingathree-year-oldtositquietlythroughalongchurchservicemaynotbereasonable,ordemandingthatasix-year-olddoesextrahomeworkafteralongdayofschoolandextracurricularactivitiesmaybestretchingthechildconcentrationandattentiontoofar.Sincesomebehaviordisordersresultfromshockingandupsettinglifeexperiencesorbraininjury,treatmentsshouldincludehelpingthechildtoresolveandhealemotionallyfromtheexperience.Thebehaviorcouldbecorrectedthroughemotionalhealing.Inotherwords,whenahumanbeingisemotionallyhealthy,thatis,canbeawareofhisintelligenceandenthusiasmforlifeandhislovingconnectednesstootherhumanbeings,heautomatically“behavesrationally.

39Title：BehaviourDisordersPassageoutlineSupporting(71)▲DefinitionofabehaviourdisorderApersonmaybeconsideredtohaveabehaviourdisorderwhenhebehavesapparently(72)▲fromothers.SymptomsofabehaviordisorderBeing(73)▲andshowingnomercytoanimalsandotherpeopleTendingtododamagetothingsaroundhimHavinglittlesympathyorconcernforothersFailingto(74)▲forwhathehasdoneandnotbeinghonestLackingtheawarenessof(75)▲rulesandregulationsHavingdifficultyconcentratingonsomethingforlongFactors(76)▲inbehaviourdisordersSomeoutsideforcesmayleadtoabehaviourdisorder.Ageneticdisordergiving(77)▲toabehaviourdisorderhasalsobeenfound.WaystodealwithbehaviourdisordersBehaviourtreatment:diagnosingsuchadisorder(78)▲andmodifyingthedisorderedbehaviourinarationalway.Psychologicaltreatment:attachingimportaneetoimprovingthepatientemotional(79)▲,thus,developingaproperself-esteem.ConclusionAbehaviourdisorderisn'early(80)▲todiagnosefromphysicalsymptoms,butitcanbedealtwithinbehaviourandpsychologicalways.【答案】71.details72.differently73.aggressive74.answer75.obeying/observing76.resulting77.rise/birth78.accurately79.health80.easy【解析】试题分析：一个年轻人说，当他或她的行为有明显的不同于学校或社区的行为时，说明可能他或她有一个行为障碍。这也能够用简单的术语来表述，作为一个孩子，他不是成年人想让他在特定的时间里做什么。有这种障碍的儿童往往表现在不同的和社会不可接受的方式。

4071.details考查名词。根据表格下方的内容可知这里是指详细的说明，所以用details。72.differently考查畐U词。根据Ayoungpersonissaidtohaveabehaviordisorderwhenhisorherbehaviorisnoticeablydifferentfromthatexpectedintheschoolorcommunity可知当一个人不同于他应该被期望那样，他可能有一个行为障碍，所以这里用副词修饰动词，所以用differently。73.aggressive考查形容词。根据♦Aggressionandcrueltytopeopleandanimals.禾口being可知这里用形容词aggressive。74.answer考查动词根据♦Takesnoresponsibilityforbehavior.Alsolies,cheatsandstealseasily.可知这里是对••负责，answerfor是固定搭配，意思是对••负责，所以用answer。75.obeying/observing考查动词。根据♦Disregardsrulesandregulations.可知这里意思是遵守规则，所以用obeying/observingrules。76.resulting考查动词。根据后面的表格可知这里是行为障碍的结果，所以用resulting。77.birth考查动词。根据文中Ther?hav;alscbsii:ndL：a:：0：istill：:tcouldbeaGeneticdisorder.可知这和遗传因素有关，所以是生下来就有，所用:总匕兰“7Saccurat^y考查副i司门根据accurate止廷心疋匹；xporba:r可知这里用副词accurate//^79hea；lh考查名词。这里竟思是病人的情绪傩康，所次用加丸：沽閃畀吁考查形容词。根据句意可知行为障碍可能不会简单的在物理症状出现，但是却可以治疗，所次这里用形容词easvo考点：考查任务型阅读【江苏省扬州中学2019届高三上学期10月月考】任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)Chronicdisorganizationoccurswhenoneishabituallydisorganizedoveralongperiod,whichmeansthepersonisconstantlyunsystematicinhowheconductslifeandbusiness.Onesufferingfromthisproblemmayfindreliefinthefactthatitisn'actuallyadiseaseorevenan“officialdisorder.It'sthecontinuedlackoforganizationinone'life.Someonemaybecomeaddictedtocollectingacertainthingyetneverorganizethecollectionasitgrowsoutofcontrol.Thiscanespeciallybeaproblemforthosewithalotoftimeandmoneyathand,yettheproblemcanbeseriousforanytypeofpersoninawidevarietyofsituations.One'personalattitudecanoftenbeabigpartofwhythechronicdisorganizationexists.Oncetheattitudeofacceptaneeaboutbeinga“slobisinsomeone'head,it'hardtoremove.Ifsomeonetellshimselfthatheisaslob,hewilllikelyliveuptothatself-imagecreatedbyhimorbythosearoundhim.Onefirstreceivestrueawarenessofthedisorderofchronicdisorganizationwhenitstartsto

41negativelyaffectrelationshipswithfriendsandfamilymembers.Everybodybecomesaffectedbythissituation,especiallythosesharinglivingplaceswiththeoneinvolved.TheNationalStudyGroupforChronicDisorganization(HSGCD)recommendsthatonegethelpthroughaprofessionalorganizer.Thestudyfoundthatallofthesubjectsinthestudyhadproblemswithmakingdecisions.Therewerevariedreasonsgivenforthisproblemofdecision-making.Amongthemwerefearsandprioritizingissues.Researchisongoingforthelinkbetweenproblemsindecision-makingandchronicdisorganization.Chronicdisorganizationoftenbeginswithsituationaldisorganization,somethingmostpeopleexperienceatsomepoint.Someonewhohaslostsomeonesignificanttohimmaystarttobetroubledbydisorganizationafteradivorce.Someonewhoexperieneedchangesinlifeandinhiscareermayintendtoletthingslikeorganizationandorderfallbythewayside.However,onedoesn'instantlyhavechronicdisorganization.“iyou'rgoingthroughhell,keepgoing.That'asoldsayingthat'tseaboutone'struggleswithchronicdisorganization.Everypersonhasthepowertochangewithinhimself.It'asmatterofstayingorganized,onedayatatime.Thosewhohaveleftchronicdisorganizationinthepasthaveoftendonesobypromisingtostayorganizedsimplyforthatsingleday.DefinitionItmeansthatthepersonhasa(n)(71)ofbeingdisorganizedinlifeandbusinessoveralongperiod.(72)theproblem•Oneexampleisthatanaddict(73)toorganizethecollection.•The(74)ofchronicdisorganizationispartlyaffectedbyone'personalattitude.•Onedoesn'realizethedisorderofchronicdisorganizationuntilithas(75)effectsontherelationshipswithfriendsandfamilymembers.The(76)ofthestudyAllsubjectsinthestudysufferfromtheproblemofpoordecision-making,whichis(77)withchronicdisorganization.

42Warning(78)Losingsomeonesignificant,(79)adivorceorchangesinone'lifeandcareer.GoodnewsWhenin(80)withchronicdisorganization,everypersonhasthepowertochange,atleastonesingledayatatime.【答案】71habit71.Recognizing73fails74existenee75.negative/bad76.findings/discovery77.linked/connected/associated71.signs72.experiencing73.struggle【解析】试题分析：根据文章内容在表格中填上合适的词，使句意完整。注意用所填词的正确形式,71hab-t习惯用法：ahat::of有一种…的习惯。故填habits72.KK0gni2ing幵头》所以埴Xecocnizineo7=fails句意：识别这个问题。因为是一个小标題，故用动名词形式』井用大与根IBS!二段第neverorganize:hecollection可知，一个例子是，一个吸毒者未育樂且织收集。故壇74existenee此处表达的意思是慢性瓦解的存有”。根据意思可知用名词，故填existenee。75.negative/bad固定搭配：havenegative/badon---,对---有负面影响。故填negative/bad。76.findings/discovery研究的发现”，故填findings/discovery。77.linked/connected/associated固定搭配：与---相关联，故填linked/connected/associatedo78.signs根据句意可知是警告标志”。故填signs。

4379.experiencing变和癌症。故填experiencing。句意：失去某人意义，体验一次离婚或者人一生中的改80.struggle固疋搭配：instrugglewith--，在与---的斗争中。故填struggle。考点：考查任务型阅读20佃年模拟题

44【江苏省苏锡常镇四市2019届高三教学情况调研（二）】任务型阅读洪10小题；每小题I分，满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上相对应题号的横线上。InGreekmythology,theTrojan（特洛伊）WarwasstartedagainstthecityofTroybytheGreeksafterParisofTroytookHelenfromherhusbandMenelaus,kingofSparta.ThewarisoneofthemostimportanteventsinGreekmythologyandhasappearedinmanyworksofGreekliterature,mostnotablythroughHomers（荷马）Iliad.TheIliadrelatesapartofthelastyearofthesiege（包围）ofTroy;theOdysseydescribesthejourneyhomeofOdysseus,oneofthewar'heroes.Otherpartsofthewararedescribedinacycleofepicpoems（史诗）,whichhavesurvivedthroughfragments.ThewarprovidedmaterialforGreektragedyandotherworksofGreekliterature,andforRomanpoetsincludingVirgilandOvid.ThewaroriginatedfromaquarrelbetweenthegoddessesAthena,Hera,andAphrodite,afterEris,thegoddessofstrifeanddiscord（不和i皆）,gavethemagoldenapplemarked“fothefairestZeussentthegoddessestoParis,whojudgedthatAphrodite,asthe“fairestsh”uldreceivetheapple.Inexchange,AphroditemadeHelen,themostbeautifulofallwomenandwifeofMenelaus,fallinlovewithParis,whotookhertoTroy.Agamemnon,kingofMycenaeandthebrotherofHelen'hssbandMenelaus,ledanexpeditionofGreektroopstoTroyandbesiegedthecityfortenyearsbecauseofParisinsult.Afterthedeathsofmanyheroesthecityfelltotheruse（策略）oftheTrojanHorse.TheGreeksslaughtered（大屠杀）theTrojansanddesecrated（亵渎）thetemples,thusearningthegods'greatanger.FewoftheGreeksreturnedsafelytotheirhomes.TheancientGreekstreatedtheTrojanWarasanhistoricaleventwhichhadtakenplaceinthe13thor12thcenturyBC,andbelievedthatTroywaslocatedinmodern-dayTurkeyneartheDardanelles.Asofthemid-19thcentury,boththewarandthecitywerewidelybelievedtobenon-historical.In1868,however,theGermanarchaeologistHeinrichSchliemannmetFrankCalvert,whoconvincedSchliemannthatTroywasatHissarlik;thisclaimisnowacceptedbymostscholars.Theybelievethatthereisahistoricalcoretothetale.However,whetherthereisanyhistoricalrealitybehindtheTrojanWarisstillanopenquestion.TopicSubtopicDetailedinformation

4571in?TheIliadrelatingwhathappenedinthelastyearofthesiege?TheOdyssey72OdysseusjourneyhomeLiterature?Epicpoems?Romanpoetsgaining73throughfragmentsVirgilandOvidincludedTheTrojanWarPlotoftheWarThewarwas74byaquarrelbetweenthethreegoddessesforthetitleofthe“fairest”.75judgedAphroditethe“fairestineXchangeofHelen,themostbeautifulwoman,whowastakentoTroybyhim.Feeling76byParisaction,AgamemnonledanexpeditionofGreektroopstoTroyandbesiegedthecityfortenyears.WiththeruseoftheTrojanHorse,Greektroops77thecityandslaughteredtheTrojansanddesecratedthetemples,whichmadethegodsveryangryandmadefewofthemreturnhomesafely.78_BackgroundTheancientGreeks'time■Thewarwasbelievedtobeanhistoricalevent,79inthe13thor12thcenturyBC.Themid-1900s■Thewarwasregardedasnon-historical.From1868■Manyscholars80—FrankCalvert'claimandbelievethatthereisahistoricalcoretothetale,butitstillremainsanopenquestion.【答案】71.Appearanee72.describing

4671.survival72.caused73.Paris76.insulted77.occupied(took,conquered)78.Historical79.happening80.follow(accept)【解析】试题分析：本文讲述的是战争是希腊神话中最重要的事件之一，在许多希賭文学作品中表现出来。这里描述了特洛伊战争。古藉胎人把特洛伊战争当作发生在公元前十二、十三世纪的一次历史事件。这种说法现在祓大务数学者所接受。71.Appearanee根据第一段第二句ThewarisoneofthemostimportanteventsinGreekmythologyandhasappearedinmanyworksofGreekliterature,mostnotablythroughHomers(荷马)Iliad.战争是希腊神话中最重要的事件之一，在很多希腊文学作品中表现出来，多数通过荷马史诗《伊利亚特》。此处用名词形式，故填Appearanee。72.describing根据第一段第三句中theOdysseydescribesthejourneyhomeofOdysseus《奥德赛》描述了奥德修斯回家的旅程。故此处填describing。73.survival根据第一段第四句Otherpartsofthewararedescribedinacycleofepicpoems(史诗),whichhavesurvivedthroughfragments.其他地区的战争被描述在史诗的循环中，这已经幸存于片段。古此处用名词形式survival。74.caused根据第二段第一句Thewaroriginatedfromaquarrel战争起源于一次争吵。可知此处填causedo75.Paris根据第二段第二句ZeussentthegoddessestoParis,whojudgedthatAphrodite,asthe“fairestshouldreceivetheapple.宙斯把女神送到巴黎，所以可知此处填Paris。

4776.insulted根据第二段第四句Agamemnon,kingofMycenaeandthebrotherofHelen'hssbandMenelaus,ledanexpeditionofGreektroopstoTroyandbesiegedthecityfortenyearsbecauseofParisinsult.迈锡尼国王阿伽门农，海伦的丈夫Menelaus的哥哥领导希腊军队远征特洛伊并因为巴黎的侮辱围攻特洛伊城历时十年。故此处填insulted。77.occupied(took,conquered)根据第二段倒数第二句TheGreeksslaughtered(大屠杀)theTrojansanddesecrated亵渎)thetemples,thusearningthegods'greatanger.希腊人大屠杀特洛伊人并亵渎寺庙，所以惹得神大怒。所以可知此处填occupied(took,conquered)。78.Historical根据第三段第一句TheancientGreekstreatedtheTrojanWarasanhistoricaleventwhichhadtakenplaceinthe13thor12thcenturyBC,古希腊人把特洛伊战争当作发生在公元前十二、十三世纪的一次历史事件。可知此处填Historical。71.happming根据第三段第—句Thean二总丄Greeks:rearedTrojliV/arasanvLchhadtakenp：a壮th?13thor12ihceniuxy弓U古希腊人把特洛伊战争当作发生在公元前十二、十三■世己的一次历史事件。可知此处填happeningsES.follov.iacceptjlBJg第三段隹擞第三句中出二九九卫皿'胃bymostscholars.这种说法现在被大多数学者所接受宀可知此处填fb：：mv(arctptjo考点：考查历史典故阅读【江苏省扬州中学2019届高三上学期10月月考】任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)Chronicdisorganizationoccurswhenoneishabituallydisorganizedoveralongperiod,whichmeansthepersonisconstantlyunsystematicinhowheconductslifeandbusiness.Onesufferingfromthisproblemmayfindreliefinthefactthatitisn'actuallyadiseaseorevenan“official”disorder.It'hscontinuedlackoforganizationinone'life.Someonemaybecomeaddictedtocollectingacertainthingyetneverorganizethecollectionasitgrowsoutofcontrol.Thiscanespeciallybeaproblemforthosewithalotoftimeandmoneyathand,yettheproblemcanbeseriousforanytypeofpersoninawidevarietyofsituations.One'personalattitudecanoftenbeabigpartofwhythechronicdisorganizationexists.Oncetheattitudeofacceptaneeaboutbeinga“slobisinsomeone'head,it'hardtoremove.Ifsomeone

48tellshimselfthatheisaslob,hewilllikelyliveuptothatself-imagecreatedbyhimorbythosearoundhim.Onefirstreceivestrueawarenessofthedisorderofchronicdisorganizationwhenitstartstonegativelyaffectrelationshipswithfriendsandfamilymembers.Everybodybecomesaffectedbythissituation,especiallythosesharinglivingplaceswiththeoneinvolved.TheNationalStudyGroupforChronicDisorganization(HSGCD)recommendsthatonegethelpthroughaprofessionalorganizer.Thestudyfoundthatallofthesubjectsinthestudyhadproblemswithmakingdecisions.Therewerevariedreasonsgivenforthisproblemofdecision-making.Amongthemwerefearsandprioritizingissues.Researchisongoingforthelinkbetweenproblemsindecision-makingandchronicdisorganization.Chronicdisorganizationoftenbeginswithsituationaldisorganization,somethingmostpeopleexperienceatsomepoint.Someonewhohaslostsomeonesignificanttohimmaystarttobetroubledbydisorganizationafteradivorce.Someonewhoexperieneedchangesinlifeandinhiscareermayintendtoletthingslikeorganizationandorderfallbythewayside.However,onedoesn'instantlyhavechronicdisorganization.“iyou'rgoingthroughhell,keepgoing.That'asoldsayingthat'trueaboutone'struggleswithchronicdisorganization.Everypersonhasthepowertochangewithinhimself.It'asmatterofstayingorganized,onedayatatime.Thosewhohaveleftchronicdisorganizationinthepasthaveoftendonesobypromisingtostayorganizedsimplyforthatsingleday.DefinitionItmeansthatthepersonhasa(n)(71)ofbeingdisorganizedinlifeandbusinessoveralongperiod.(72)theproblem•Oneexampleisthatanaddict(73)toorganizethecollection.•The(74)ofchronicdisorganizationispartlyaffectedbyone'personalattitude.•Onedoesn'realizethedisorderofchronicdisorganizationuntilithas(75)effectsontherelationshipswithfriendsandfamilymembers.

49The(76)ofthestudyAllsubjectsinthestudysufferfromtheproblemofpoordecision-making,whichis(77)withchronicdisorganization.Warning(78)Losingsomeonesignificant,(79)adivorceorchangesinone'lifeandcareer.GoodnewsWhenin(80)withchronicdisorganization,every

50personhasthepowertochange,atleastonesingledayatatime.【答案】71habit72.Recognizing73fails74existenee75.negative/bad76.findings/discovery77.linked/connected/associated78.signs79.experiencing80.struggle【解析】试题分析；根据文童內容在表格中填上合适的词，使句意完整。注意用所填i司的正确形式・Tlhabit习惯用法：acf有一种…的习惯。故填hat):u72Xecosnizing句意：识别这个冋题。因为是亍小标题，故用动名词形式，并用大与开头』所以壇吳避血吗73fails根据第一段第一句neverorganizethecollection可知，一个例子是，一个吸毒者未能组织收集。故填fails。74existenee此处表达的意思是慢性瓦解的存有”。根据意思可知用名词，故填existenee。75.negative/bad固定搭配：havenegative/badon---,对---有负面影响。故填negative/bad。76.findings/discovery研究的发现”，故填findings/discovery。77.linked/connected/associated固定搭配：与---相关联，故填linked/connected/associatedo78.signs根据句意可知是警告标志”。故填signs。79.experiencing句意：失去某人意义，体验一次离婚或者人一生中的改

51固定搭配：instrugglewith--，在与---的斗争中。故填变和癌症。故填experiencing。80.strugglestruggle。考点：考查任务型阅读【南京市2019届高三第三次模拟】任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题l分，满分l0分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题纸上相对应的横线上。Theemotionalbondachildsecureswithitsparentshasagreaterimpactonitseducationthanpreviouslythought,areportsuggests.TheSuttonTruststudysayschildrene'arslyattachmenttoparentshasfar-reachingconsequencesfortheirabilitytospeak,learnandthink.Parentswhoareinsecurethemselvesfindithardertoprovidechildrenwithsecurity,itsays.Andthereportcallsformorehelpsoparentscandevelopsuchcrucialbonds.Thestudyfocusesontheapplicationofthetheoryofattachment—akeytheoryinchilddevelopmentandpsychology.Thissaysthedegreetowhichchildrenaresecureandresilientastheygrowupdependsontheirownearlyexperienceswiththeirmothersandfathersandhowtheyhavebonded.ThereportfromtheSuttonTrusteducationcharity,entitledBabyBonds,makesthecasethatithasanimportantimpactonchildren'fustureeducationalchancesaswellastheiremotionalwell-being.Itisbasedonananalysisofmorethan100studiesontheissue,includinghomevisitsandassessmentsandobservationsofchildreninarangeofcountries.Thetrustarguesthatalthoughpsychologistshavebeenawareofattachmenttheory,ithasnotbeenseenbypolicymakersasakeyinfluenceoneducationalattainment.Anditasksthemtotakethisintoaccount.Thereportsayswhenbabiesandtoddlersdonotformthesestrongparentalbonds—knownassecureattachment—theyaremorelikelytoexhibitpoorlanguageandpoorbehaviorbeforetheyreachschool.Anditcitesinternationalstudieswhichsuggestthiscontinueslateintolife,withinsecurechildrenmorelikelytoleaveschoolearlyorduckoutofemploymentortraining.Theyarealsomorelikelytosufferfromaggression,defianeeandhyperactivitylaterinlife.TheSuttonTrustsaysitsanalysisoftheresearchsuggeststhatabout40%ofchildrenintheUKlackasecureattachmentwiththeirparents.LeadauthorSophieMoullinsaidthatwhenherteamlookedatlargescalerepresentativestudiesinanumberofcountriestheyallfound,fromtheirobservations,thatbetween38%and42%ofchildrensufferedfrompoorattachmentinallthedifferentstudylocations.Sheadded:“Securattachmentreallyhelpschildrenwith

52emotionalandsocialdevelopmentandatschoolitreallyhelpsthemtomanagetheirbehavior.Shouting,lookingoutofthewindow,hittingeachother…Theserethethingsthatteacherswilltellyouthatarestoppingchildrenfromlearning.It'reallyonlyasweunderstandmoreaboutthesebehaviorproblemsthatwehavedecidedthatalotofitgoesbacktothisearlybondingwithparents.”ResearchdirectoratthetrustConorRyansaid:“Bettebondingbetweenparentsandbabiescouldleadtomoresocialmobility,asthereissuchaclearlinktoeducation,behaviorandfutureemployment.Theeducationaldivideemergesearlyinlife,witha19—monthschoolreadinessgapbetweenthemostandleastadvantagedchildrenbytheageoffive.Thisreportclearlyidentifiesthefundamentalrolesecureattachmentcouldhaveinnarrowingthatschoolreadinessgapandimprovingchildrenli'feschances.“Moresupportfromhealthvisitors,childrencenterstogetherwithlocalauthoritiesinhelpingparentsimprovehowtheybondwithyoungchildrencouldplayaroleinnarrowingtheeducationgap.”TheSuttonTruststudyIntroductionThestudyrevealschildrendaCyattachmenttoparents(71)affectstheirabilitytospeak,learnandthink.MethodofthestudyResearchers(72)morethan100casestudiesontheissuethroughvisitinghomes,assessingchildrenand(73)children.StatisticsofthestudyIntheUK,onlyabout60%ofchildrenhaveasecureattachmentwiththeirparents.Inothercountrieswherethestudieswerecarriedout,thenumbersarequite(74).