E时代大学英语读写教程2课件及答案-第一单元

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1Lead-inStudyFocusPart1Part2AbilityEnhancementGrammar&TranslationPart3Part4

2Lead-inStudyFocusPart1Part2AbilityEnhancementGrammar&TranslationPart3Part4

3WhatkindofAppsorwebsitesdoyouusefore-learningafterclass?Whatbenefitsyoumost?Watchthevideo,andthendiscussthebenefitsofe-learningwithyourpartnersandwritedownsomeofthem.Thefollowingexamplesareforyourreference.1

4LearnanywhereandanytimeLearnwhatyoureallyneedWhatkindofAppsorwebsitesdoyouusefore-learningafterclass?Whatbenefitsyoumost?Watchthevideo,andthendiscussthebenefitsofe-learningwithyourpartnersandwritedownsomeofthem.Thefollowingexamplesareforyourreference.1

5ReduceyourtravelcostsandtimeLearnatyourownpace

6Watchthevideoagainandthenfillintheblanks.2Learnatyourownpace.Whenastudentsitsinthelecture,hemust__________himselftotherhythmoftheclass.Onecannotlingeronwhichsomestudentsdon’tunderstand.There’salsonoopportunityto____________andskiponpointsthattocertainpeopleseemclearandtoothersnot.adaptrunahead

7OfcoursewhenthestudentisincontrolofthepaceofthelessonasheisviatheInternet,hecandoashe__________.Hecanskipahead,returnbackwards,stopthelessonandtobehelpedwiththeonlinematerial.Sohegainsaproperunderstandingofthe____________.It’spossibletoviewthreeconsecutivelecturesatthesametime.Soitsavestimeandit’spossibletoviewjust____________lectures.desiressubjectspartsof

8Lead-inStudyFocusPart1Part2AbilityEnhancementGrammar&TranslationPart3Part4

9TextAOnlineClass,LoveItorHateIt?Pre-ReadingQuestions:Whatadvantagesdoyouthinkonlineclasshas?2HaveyoueverusedInternettostudy?Howdoyoufeelaboutit?

10TextAOnlineClass,LoveItorHateIt?1I’mnotabigfanofonlineclasses,butIdon’thatethementirely1either.MyfirstexperiencewithonlinelearningwastwoyearsagowhenItookajournalism2courseonline.ThatsemesterstartedinAugustandbyearlySeptemberIdroppedthecourse.我不热衷于在线课程，但也不是完全讨厌。两年前，我第一次接触在线学习时选了一门新闻学课程。学期从八月开始，但九月初我就放弃了这门课。★journalism新闻业，新闻工作；报章杂志★entirely/ɪnˈtaɪəli/adv.全部地；完整地；完全地e.g.Ientirelyagreewithyou.我完全同意你的看法。

11TextAOnlineClass,LoveItorHateIt?2LastsemesterItookanotheronlineclassandthatdidn’tgoverywelleither.BothtimesIfoundmyselfstrugglingwiththematerial,andcommunicatingwithothersintheclassaswellastheinstructor3,andifyourschoolhasafinicky4webinterface5,thatcanbeaproblemtoo.上学期我参加了另一门在线课程，感觉也不太好。两次经历中，我发现自己总是纠结于材料的选取，同时，在课堂上与其他同学和老师的交流也都很困难。此外，如果学校的网页界面不太友好，也会影响上课质量。★instructor/ɪnˈstrʌktə(r)/n.教练；导师e.g.Thecollegejumpedhimfrominstructortofullprofessor.大学突然把他从讲师提升为正教授。aswellas既……又……；除……之外（也）；此外e.g.Flowersarechosenfortheirscentaswellastheirlook.选花不仅要观其形还要闻其香。Notes“Bothtimes”指前面提到的两次在线学习的经历，“findmyselfdoing”的意思是“发现我自己正在做……”，后面的“thematerial”和communicating是两个并列的结构。第二个and连接的是一个与前面并列的句子，这个并列句中包含一个由if引导的条件从句。

12TextAOnlineClass,LoveItorHateIt?3Communicationisabigpartoflearning,whetheryou’reformingstudygroupswithotherstudentsintheclassormeetingyourprofessorinhisorherofficehours.Inanonlineclass,youcan’traiseyourhandandexpectaresponseonthespot.It’salsotough6totalktootherstudentsandevenmeetnewpeopleinonlineclassesasstudentsmaynotchecktheirwebmessagesoftenenough.无论你是在课堂上与其他同学组建学习小组还是在课下去约见教授，沟通都是学习的重要组成部分。在网上课堂中，你不能举手示意，不能期待立刻获得回应。与其他学生交谈甚至结识新朋友也很困难，因为多数学生不经常查看他们的聊天消息。onthespot当场；当下，在现场e.g.Heansweredthequestiononthespot.他当场就回答了那个问题。e.g.Anambulancewasonthespotwithinminutes.几分钟之内，一辆救护车便赶到现场。★tough/tʌf/adj.艰苦的；艰难的；棘手的e.g.Itcanbetoughtryingtojuggleacareerandafamily.要事业家庭两不误，有时会很艰难。Notes此句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式结构：“totalktootherstudentsandevenmeetnewpeopleinonlineclasses”。as后面引导的是状语从句，表示原因。

13TextAOnlineClass,LoveItorHateIt?4Andnoteverybodycanruntocampustomeetupeitherastherearethosewhoaretakingonlineclassesforgeographical7reasons.Studentsareusuallygiventheinstructor’se-mailandsometimestheirphonenumber,bute-mailresponsescanbeslowortheinstructormaybetoobusytotalkonthephone.Theseproblemsaren’ttheinstructor’sfault8.They’rethebasicproblemsofonlineclasses.★geographical/ˌdʒiːə'ɡræfɪkl/adj.地理（学）的e.g.Geographicaldistanceisalsoafactor.地理距离也是个因素。★fault/fɔːlt/n.责任；过错；过失e.g.It’snobody’sfault.谁都没有错。e.g.It’syourownfaultforbeingcareless.粗心大意是你自己的过失。并不是每个人都能进入大学校园去上课，也有些人是由于地理限制因素而参加一些网络课程。老师会给学生提供自己的邮箱和电话号码，但老师回复邮件很慢，或者因为太忙而没时间在电话里与学生详谈。这些是在线课程面临的基本问题，而非老师的错误。Notes此句中and连接的是given后面的两个并列宾语，but后面是一个转折从句，后面包含or连接的两个表选择的从句。“too...to”的意思是“太……以至于”，后面的to是不定式结构。

14TextAOnlineClass,LoveItorHateIt?5Myproblemwithonlineclasseswasthatitdidn’tfitthewayIworkedasastudent.I’llbethefirsttotellyouthatIprocrastinate9abit.It’sanawfulepidemic10acrossallcampuses,I’msure,butprocrastinationisalittleriskier11inonlinecourses.Sincealltheassignmentsinanonlineclassaremostlikelyalreadydatedit’sprobablyeasiertoscheduleallthework,butlikethesmartguyIam,Iusuallywaiteduntilthenightbeforetofinishthehomework.AmIjustlazy?Partially12,butnottotally.★procrastinate/prəʊˈkræstɪneɪt/v.拖延；耽搁e.g.Mostoftenweprocrastinatewhenfacedwithsomethingwedonotwanttodo.面对不想做的事情，我们经常拖延。★epidemic/ˌepɪˈdemɪk/n.责任；过错；过失e.g.theoutbreakofafluepidemic流感的爆发★partially/ˈpɑːʃəli/adv.部分地；不完全地e.g.Theroadwaspartiallyblockedbyafallentree.倒下的一棵树挡住了部分道路。在线课程的学习方式并不适合我。坦诚地告诉你，我有轻微的拖延症。这在整个大学校园里是极为普遍的，但是拖延症是网络课程的大敌。在线课程中的所有作业都是提前发布，这样整体安排更容易一些。然而，像我这么聪明的人，通常要等到上课前一天的晚上才写作业。这样是因为我懒吗？部分是，但不全是。

15★push…forward奋力向前，推进；提出……e.g.Afewstudentsbegantopushforwardbutwereheldbackbytheirmates.有些人真的往前冲，但又让别人挡住了。TextAOnlineClass,LoveItorHateIt?6Yousee,inonlineclasses,there’snophysicalinstructortheretopushthestudentforward.Studentsinanonlinecoursehavetobemoreself-motivated13andfocused.Havinganonlineclassalsotakesyououtoftheclassroom.Thisisadisadvantage14formebecauseIfeellikeIlearnthebestinaclassroomenvironment,awayfromtheusualdistractions15ofmusic,videogamesandtelevision.★take…outof从……中脱离；从……中取出e.g.Howmuchtaxdotheytakeoutofyourmonthlypay?他们从你的月薪中抽出多少税？★disadvantage/ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/n.不利因素；障碍；不便之处e.g.What’sthemaindisadvantage?主要的不利条件是什么？~ofsth.e.g.Onemajordisadvantageoftheareaisthelackofpublictransport.这个地区的一大不便就是缺少公共交通工具。~tosth.e.g.Therearedisadvantagestotheplan.这个计划有诸多不利因素。★awayfrom远离；相距e.g.Nowwelivefurtherawayfromthecitycentre.现在我们住得离市中心更远了。★distraction/dɪˈstrækʃn/n.分散注意力的事；使人分心的事e.g.Ifindithardtoworkathomebecausetherearetoomanydistractions.我发觉在家里工作很难，因为使人分心的事太多。大家都知道，网络课堂上没有老师督促学生学习，学生必须更加主动和专注。学生不需要在教室上课，这对我来说也是一个不利条件。因为我发现自己在课堂环境中可以远离音乐、电子游戏和电视节目，学习效果最好。Notesbecause后面引导的是一个表原因的状语从句，feellike的意思是“想，感觉”，后面既可以接“doingsth.”，也可以接从句。awayfrom后面是三个并列的宾语。

16在网络上学习也会让我有一种被隔离的感觉，这一点也是我无法克服的。当有人告诉我具体去做什么的时候，我能做得很好，而且我喜欢和导师交谈并突发奇想地问些问题，正如之前所述，这一点在网络课堂里也是不容易实现的。TextAOnlineClass,LoveItorHateIt?★onawhim奋力向前，推进；提出……e.g.Afewstudentsbegantopushforwardbutwereheldbackbytheirmates.有些人真的往前冲，但又让别人挡住了。7LearningonthewebalsofeelsdisconnectingandthatwasafeelingIcouldn’tovercome.IperformbestwhenI’mtoldexactlywhattodoandIliketotalktotheinstructorsandaskquestionsonawhim16,andasmentionedbefore,it’snotaseasytodoonline.

17TextAOnlineClass,LoveItorHateIt?8Onlineclassesalsoholdthepossibilityofcompletelyfailingdependingontheschool’snetworkandwebinterface.TherewasatimewhenIwasstillatacommunitycollegethattheonlinelearningwebsitewascrashing17andhavingissues,studentsweren’tabletolog18intotheircourses.★crash/kræʃ/v.①崩溃。②碰撞；撞击e.g.Mycomputercrashedlastnight.我的电脑昨晚崩溃了。★loginto登录，注册，进入e.g.Youneedapasswordtologinto.登录需要密码。网络课堂也有可能完全无法实现，这取决于学校的网络状况和网站界面。有一次，我在上课时，在线学习网站突然崩溃。所有学生都无法进入课程。

18TextAOnlineClass,LoveItorHateIt?9Nowthismaynothappentoyou,butrelyingsoheavilyonthewebcanbeproblematic19.Whatifyouloseyourinternetconnection?Whathappensifyourcomputercrasheswhileworkingonanassignment?Theseareproblemsthatcanaffectofflineclasses,yes,butithasbiggerimpactwhenyouarelearningonline.★relyon信赖；依赖；依靠；信任e.g.Thesedayswerelyheavilyoncomputerstoorganizeourwork.我的电脑昨晚崩溃了。这种情况可能不会发生在你身上，但极度依赖网络也是存在问题的。比如，如果你没有网络连接该怎么办？当你在完成作业时，电脑突然崩溃了怎么办？是的，这些问题虽然也会影响线下课程，但对线上学习的影响更大。

19TextAOnlineClass,LoveItorHateIt?10Despitemydissing20onlinelearninginthelast500words,therearealotofthingsIlikeabouttheideaofonlineclasses.Onlywithonlineclassescanyoulearninyourbed,inyourpajamas21;onlineclassesgiveyoualotmorefreedom22thantraditional23classes.★freedom/ˈfriːdəm/n.（指权利）自由~ofsth.e.g.freedomofspeech/thought/expression/worship言论/思想/表达/信仰自由~todosth.e.g.completefreedomtodoasyouwish按照自己意愿行事的绝对自由★traditional/trəˈdɪʃənl/adj.传统的；习俗的；惯例的e.g.It’straditionalinAmericatoeatturkeyonThanksgivingDay.感恩节时吃火鸡是美国的传统。尽管我前文所述500字都在贬损在线课程，但在某些方面我还是很喜欢在线课程。它可以使你足不出户，坐在床上穿着睡衣学习。比起传统课堂，在线课程可以给你更多的自由。Notes此句中分号连接的是两个独立的句子。前句中only用在句首，句子用倒装形式，将情态动词can提前，再加主语及动词learn。后面的句子是正常语序，里面包含“more...than...”的结构，意思是“比……更……”。

20TextAOnlineClass,LoveItorHateIt?11Onlineclassesalsoallowthosewhoaretoobusytogotocampustocontinuetheirschooling24atatimethatismoreappropriate25forthem.Onlineclassesalsohavetheluxury26ofbeingvirtually27limitless28astherearenoclassroomswithlimited29seatingsojustabouteverystudentcansignupwithoutmuchworry.★schooling/ˈskuːlɪŋ/n.学校教育e.g.Hehadverylittleschooling.他没上过几天学。★appropriate/əˈprəʊpriət/adj.合适的；恰当的~for/tosth.e.g.Jeansarenotappropriateforaformalparty.正式聚会上穿牛仔裤不合适。Thebookwaswritteninastyleappropriatetotheageofthechildren.这本书的文体适合儿童阅读。★luxury/ˈlʌkʃər/n.奢侈的享受；奢华e.g.Nowwe’llbeabletoliveinluxuryfortherestofourlives.如今我们可在有生之年过豪华生活了。★virtually/ˈvɜːtʃuəli/adv.几乎；差不多；事实上；实际上e.g.Hevirtuallyadmittedhewasguilty.他实际上已承认自己有罪。★limitless/ˈlɪmɪtləs/adv.无限制的；无界限的；无限度的；无止境的e.g.Thepossibilitieswerealmostlimitless.可能性几乎是无穷无尽的。★limited/ˈlɪmɪtɪd/adj.有限的e.g.Wearedoingourbestwiththelimitedresourcesavailable.我们利用可获得的有限资源，尽最大的努力。★signup报名（参加课程）e.g.Hewasnottheonlyonetosignup.报名参加的不只是他一个人。在线课程也使得那些工作太忙而无法去学校的人能够选择适合他们的时间，继续学习。因为没有教室和座位的限制，在线课堂的容纳空间更大，每个学生都可以放心注册。

21TextAOnlineClass,LoveItorHateIt?12Personally30I’mnotahugefanoftakingonlineclassesbutIcandefinitelyseetheconvenience31andadvantages32ofdoingso.Butwhataboutyou,dearreader?★personally/ˈpɜːsənəli/adv.①usedtoshowthatyouaregivingyourownopinionaboutsth.就本人而言；就个人意见e.g.Personally,Ipreferthesecondoption.就我个人而言，我倾向第二种选择。②byaparticularpersonratherthanbysb.actingforthem本人；亲自e.g.Allletterswillbeansweredpersonally.一切信函都将由本人亲自答复。③inawaythatisconnectedwithoneparticularpersonratherthanagroupofpeople个别地；单个地e.g.Youwillbeheldpersonallyresponsibleforanylossorbreakage.如有丢失或损坏，将由你个人负责。★convenience/kənˈviːniəns/n.方便；适宜；便利e.g.Wehaveprovidedseatsfortheconvenienceofourcustomers.为方便顾客我们备有座位。★advantage/ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/n.有利条件；有利因素；优势~oversb.e.g.Beingtallgavehimanadvantageovertheotherplayers.他个子高，比其他运动员有利。Shehadtheadvantageofagoodeducation.她具有受过良好教育的有利条件。虽然我个人不是一个在线课程的狂热爱好者，但我可以看到它的便利和优势。亲爱的读者朋友们，你们是怎么认为的呢？

22DivideTextAintothreepartsandwritedownthemainideaofeachpart.1ExercisePartsParagraph(s)MainIdeasPartOne1-2PartTwo3-9PartThree10-12Theauthor’sexperiencesofonlineclass.Thedisadvantagesofonlineclass.Theadvantagesofonlineclass.

23AnswerthefollowingquestionsbasedonTextA.1.Whendidtheauthortaketheonlinecourseforthefirsttime?2.Whatisthebigpartofonlinelearningfortheauthor?3.Inwhatwaydoinstructorsoftenrespondtostudentsinonlineclasses?4.Whathappenedwhentheauthorwasstillatacommunitycollege?5.Whataretheadvantagesofonlineclasses?Onlineclassesgivepeoplealotmorefreedomthantraditionalclasses.Theonlinelearningwebsitewascrashingandhavingissues,studentsweren’tabletologintotheircourses.Studentsareusuallygiventheinstructor’se-mailandsometimestheirphonenumber.Communicationisabigpartoflearning.Theauthor’sfirstexperiencewithonlinelearningwastwoyearsagowhenhe/shetookajournalismcourseonline.

24Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.1I’mnot_____________happyabouttheproposal.2Joyceisquiteangryaboutthedriver_______________.Heissorude.3Itcanbe____________tobalancecareerandfamily.4WhyshouldIsaysorrywhenit’snotmy____________?5Lisaisdeafinoneearandpartially__________.6Youneedapasswordto________intothesystem.7Susan’sideaof____________wastohavevarietyinherlifestyle.8Hestillusesthe________________teachingmethodsinclass.instructortoughfaultfreedomblindlogtraditionalentirelyfaultentirelyinstructortraditionallogtoughblindfreedomWordstoPractice

25ExpressionstoPracticeUsethefollowingphrasestocompletethesentences.Changetheformswherenecessary.push...Forward;aswellas;take...outof;onthespot;relyon;awayfrom1Thisjobneedsmentalwork____________physicalwork.2Hesignedthecontractwithus_________________.3Shehadto_________herself____________togetapromotion.Iwasanxioustotakehimtoanotherplace,__________________hisfamilyandfriends.Hisfatherwantsto_________him___________thisnoisyplacerightaway.IknowIcan______________youtosolvetheproblem.aswellasonthespotpushforwardawayfromtakeoutofrelyon

26WordBuilding1FindthewordcrashinginTextA.Thesuffix-ingcancombinewithverbstoformnewwords.Formnewwordsbyadding-ing.interest______________2bore______________excite______________4surprise______________5worry______________6burn______________interestingboringexcitingsurprisingworryingburning

272Fillintheblankswiththenewly-formedwordsinexerciseI.Changetheformwherenecessary.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.1It’s___________________thatthey’redoingthingswithoutbeingtrained.2Thenewsthathewonthefirstplaceisreallyquite_______________.3Thestorytoldbytheteacherwasvery____________________.4Thisnovelisso_______________thatIdon’twanttoreadit.5He’severhada_______________ambitiontostarthisownbusiness.6A_________________numberofcustomersorderthesamesandwicheveryday.worryingexcitinginterestingboringburningsurprising

283FindthewordlimitedintheTextA.Thesuffix-edcancombinewithverbstoformnewwords.Formnewwordsbyadding-ed.1worry______________2marry______________3please______________4tire______________5interest______________6surprise______________worriedmarriedpleasedtiredinterestedsurprised

294Fillintheblankswiththenewly-formedwordsinexerciseⅢ.Changetheformwherenecessary.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.1Ihadabusydayandwasrather______________.2Shewasvery______________withherexamresults.Thescoresarehigh.3____________lifewasnotsoromanticashehadimagined.4I’mnot_________________abouther—shecantakecareofherself.5Hewas________________theyhadmarried—theyhadseemedsodifferent.6Ithinktheyoungmanisgetting_________________ingardening.tiredpleasedMarriedworriedsurprisedinterested

30BankedClozeApracticalBofferedCtraditionalDlecturerEallowingFquestionsGofHonlineIcoursesJattendMOOCs,anacronym(缩写词)for“MassiveOpenOnlineCourses”,markanimportant,possiblyrevolutionarydevelopmentineducation.Theseaareonline,freeofcharge,andopentoanyoneintheworldwhohasalaptopandanInternetconnection.Moreover,theyaremainlybyelite(精英)universitieslikeStanford,Berkeley,HarvardandColumbia.ThoughMOOCsarenotofferedforcreditanddegree,manystudentsenrollin(选课)thecoursesforrealskillsorknowledgewhichtheycanputtosomeuse.Theformatseemssuperiortotheschoolclass.Theaveragequalityofthelecturerismuchhigher,becausestudentsdonothavetostickwithanordinary.IBACDBesides,studentscangoattheirownlearningspeed,whichtheycannotdoinalivelecture.And,ofgreatimportance,theydonothavetotravelanywheretoanonlinelecture.Onecanobtainafirst-classAmericancollegeeducationwhereverheorshelivesandhoweverlittlemoneyheorshehas.Thereisaproblemofaskingofthelecturerinaclassoftenthousandstudents,butsomeMOOCshavesolveditbystudentstopostquestionsforavote,andonlythemostpopularquestionsareputtothelecturer.StudentsinMOOCsareveryclever,haveworkexperience,andinmanycases,havealreadydevelopedasetcore(核心)competences.Moreover,theyalsoofferuniqueinternationalperspectives(视野)thatwouldbetheenvyofanyschoolclassroom.JFEHG

31Translation1TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese,payingattentiontothewordsorphrasesinbold.1I’mnotabigfanofonlineclasses,butIdon’thatethementirelyeither._____________________________________________________________________________2Inanonlineclass,youcan’traiseyourhandandexpectaresponseonthespot._____________________________________________________________________________3I’llbethefirsttotellyouthatIprocrastinateabit._____________________________________________________________________________4Yousee,inonlineclasses,there’snophysicalinstructortheretopushthestudentforward._____________________________________________________________________________5Nowthismaynothappentoyou,butrelyingsoheavilyonthewebcanbeproblematic._____________________________________________________________________________我并不是在线课堂的超级粉丝，但我也并不完全讨厌它们。在一个在线课堂中，你没法举手提问，也不能指望当场收到回复。坦诚地说，我有点轻微拖延症。你是知道的，在线课堂没有人去催促学生学习。这可能不会发生在你身上，但是，如此依赖网络是有问题的。

322TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsorphrasesinbrackets.1在线学习有好处，也有坏处。（aswellas）E-learninghas_____________________________________________.2科技在社会发展中发挥着重要作用。（playarolein）Scienceandtechnology__________________________________________________.3越来越多的人参与到在线学习中来。（beinvolvedin）Agrowingnumberofpeople_____________________________________________________.4很多学生常常发现在线课堂的回复很慢。（response;onlineclass）Manystudentsoftenfindthat__________________________________________________.5对于不在校园的学生来说，在线学习很适合他们。（campus;suitable）Forstudentswhoare_________________,onlinelearning__________________________.advantagesaswellasdisadvantagesplayanimportantroleinsocialdevelopment.areinvolvedine-learningtheresponsesinonlineclassesareveryslownotincampusisquitesuitableforthem

333TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.与传统学习相比，在线学习有以下优点。首先，学习者可以根据兴趣选择课程。其次，在线学习能给我们所有人提供一些世界名牌大学的网络开放课程，这将大大地拓宽我们的视野。第三，我们能灵活地安排学习，能在任何时间、任何地点通过网络和移动设备学习。（参考词汇：传统学习traditionallearning；优点advantages；根据accordingto；拓宽broaden；灵活地flexibly）Comparedwithtraditionallearning,onlinelearninghasthefollowingadvantages:First,learnerscanchoosecoursesaccordingtotheirinterests.Second,onlinelearningcangiveallofusaccesstonetworkopenclassesofsomeworld-famousuniversities,whichwillgreatlybroadenourhorizons.Third,wecanflexiblyarrangestudyandcanlearnatanytimeandanyplacewithInternetandmobiledevices.

34拓展视频

35TextBThankstotheInternetPre-ReadingQuestions:Haveyoueverheardofonlinecourses?2Doyouprefertraditionalcoursesoronlinecourses?Why?

36TextBThankstotheInternet1Havingroiled1themusicrecordingandnewspaperindustries,theInternetisnowchurning2throughuniversitiesandcolleges.MuchmediaattentionhasbeenpaidtoMassive3OpenOnlineCourses(MOOCs),whereuniversitiespostcoursematerialsonlinetobefreelyconsumedbytensorevenhundredsofthousandsofcitizens.2Makingqualityeducationalmaterialsavailableatnocostwillobviouslyplayasignificantroleintomorrow’seducationsystem.Butusingdigitaltoolstopersonalize4theeducationprocessoffersthebiggestreturnonourscarce5educationdollars.★massive/ˈmæsɪv/adj.巨大的；大量的；非常严重的e.g.Theyhaveamassivegreathouse.他们有一座非常大的房子。★atnocost免费，无偿e.g.ThereareprofessionaldevelopmentmaterialsthatteacherscandownloadfromtheWebsiteatnocost.同时还提供专业材料以方便教师们免费下载资料。★playarolein在……起作用；参与e.g.HewasinvitedtoplayaroleinthisTVplay.他被邀请在这个电视剧里扮演一个角色。★scarce/skeəs/adj.缺乏的；不足的；稀少的e.g.Detailsoftheaccidentarescarce.事故的详细情况了解不多。在对音乐唱片和报社行业造成巨大影响之后，互联网又开始席卷高校。MOOCs（慕课）备受媒体关注，各大高校都在该平台上发布在线课程资料，以供几万甚至数十万公民免费使用。让学习者免费获取高质量的学习材料必将会在今后的教育体系中发挥重要的作用。但是，利用数字化工具将学习过程私人化会给我们稀少的教育经费带来最大的回报。payattentionto指“关注……”，此句前面用的这一结构的被动形式。where在此句中引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，是对前面的MassiveOpenOnlineCourses的补充说明。beconsumedby的意思是“被……使用”。Notes1Notes2makingqualityeducationalmaterialsavailableatnocost是整个句子的主语，available的意思是“可获取的”quality这里作形容词，意思是“高质量的，优质的”。

37几个世纪以来，我们的高等院校一直采用死板的广播式教学方法授课。教师独自站在黑板前，为坐在教室或挤在大型演讲厅的学生授课。期待台下每位学生都能掌握所讲的内容，并在记忆后通过考试反馈学习效果。★capture/ˈkæptʃə(r)/vt.①tosucceedingettingcontrolofsth.thatotherpeoplearealsotryingtocontrol夺得；掌握e.g.TheLaborPartymustcapturetheimaginationofyouth.工党务必掌握年轻人的活跃思想。②tocatchapersonorananimalandkeepthemasaprisonerorinaconfinedspace俘虏；俘获；捕获e.g.Theanimalsarecapturedinnetsandsoldtolocalzoos.那些动物用网捕获后被卖到当地的动物园。③tomakesb.interestedinsth.引起（注意、想象、兴趣）e.g.Theyusepuppetstocapturetheimaginationofyoungeraudiences.他们用木偶来启发小观众的想象力。★jam/dʒæm/v.过去式：jammed；过去分词：jammed；现在分词：jamming；第三人称单数：jams。①tofillsth.withalargenumberofpeopleorthingssothatitisunabletofunctionasitshould挤满；塞紧~sth.(up)withsb./sth.e.g.Viewersjammedtheswitchboardwithcomplaints.打电话投诉的观众使总机应接不暇。②toputsb./sth.intoasmallspacewherethereisverylittleroomtomove塞入；塞进；挤进e.g.Sixofuswerejammedintoonesmallcar.我们六个人被塞进一辆小汽车里。n.asituationinwhichitisdifficultorimpossibletomovebecausetherearesomanypeopleorvehiclesinoneparticularplace拥挤；堵塞e.g.Thebuswasdelayedinafive-milejam.公共汽车因长达五英里的交通堵塞而延误。TextBThankstotheInternet3Forcenturies,ourpost-secondary6institutions7havereliedonarigid8broadcastmodelofone-wayteaching.Aprofessorstoodinfrontofablackboardanddeliveredaspeechalonetoclassroomsorlargelecturehallsjammed9withstudents.Eachstudentwasexpectedtocapture10whattheprofessorwassaying,andthenrepeatthecontentinexamsaftermemorization11.★institution/ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃn/n.（大学、银行等规模大的）机构e.g.aneducational/financial,etc.institution教育、金融等机构★rigid/ˈrɪdʒɪd/adj.死板的；僵硬的e.g.Thecurriculumwastoonarrowandtoorigid.课程设置过于狭窄和死板。★infrontof在……前面；当着……的面；面前e.g.Thebusstopsrightinfrontofourhouse.公共汽车就停在我们的房子前面。★memorization/ˌmemə'rɪzeɪʃən/n.记住e.g.Memorizationofsuchtermswithoutunderstandingtheirmeaningcanleadtomentalindigestion.没有理解他们的意思能导致精神消化不良的这样的术语的记忆。

38TextBThankstotheInternet4Learnerswhodonotrespondtodictationandmemorizationtechniquesweredeemed12tobesimply“notcutoutforschool.”5Inthebroadcastmodeloflearning,thereislittleopportunityforprofessor-studentdiscussionorevenstudenttostudentdiscussion.Ifastudentdoesn’tunderstandanidea,therewerefewresourcestohelphimgetbackontrackinawaythatwasbestsuitedtoaddresshimroadblock13.Thestudentrisksfallingbehindandcaneventuallydropoutduetofrustration14atlast.★deem/diːm/v.认为；视为；相信e.g.Theeveningwasdeemedagreatsuccess.大家认为这次晚会非常成功。★bedeemedtobe被视为e.g.Theeveningwasdeemedagreatsuccess.大家认为这次晚会非常成功。★inaway在某种程度上；不完全的e.g.Inawayitwasoneofourbiggestmistakes.从某种意义上来说，这是我们所犯的最大错误之一。★dropout退学，辍学；不再参加；退出e.g.Shestartedadegreebutdroppedoutafteronlyayear.她在攻读学位仅一年后就退学了。★dueto由于；因为e.g.Unfortunately,duetounforeseencircumstances,thisyear’sshowhasbeencancelled.遗憾的是，由于一些意外情况，今年的演出被取消了。★frustration/frʌˈstreɪʃn/n.懊丧；懊恼；沮丧e.g.Everyjobhasitsdifficultiesandfrustrations.每个工作都有困难和令人懊恼之处。那些不适应口授课堂和不擅长记忆的学生则注定被笼统地归为“不适合学校学习的群体”。在广播式的教学方法下，老师与学生之间的讨论几乎无法实现，甚至学生之间的讨论都无法进行。如果一个学生无法理解某个概念，那么几乎没有资源可以以最适合他（她）的方式来帮助他（她）解决问题。这个学生就会面临跟不上的窘境，甚至最终会由于挫败感而辍学。NotesIf后面引导的是一个条件从句，getbackontrack的意思是“重返正道”。后面的that引导的是定语从句，修饰前面的away，address在此句中的意思是“解决，对付”。

39TextBThankstotheInternet6Thisisabigproblem:theNationalCenterforEducationalStatisticsreportedthatonly56percentofstudentsenteringafour-yearuniversityprogramwillearnabachelor’sdegree.Forthe44percentwhodon’tmakeit,thisisanenormous15wasteoftheirintellectual16andfinancialresources,andthenation’sfinite17teachingresources.★enormous/ɪˈnɔːməs/adj.巨大的；庞大的；极大的e.g.TheproblemsfacingthePresidentareenormous.总统面临的问题是巨大的。★intellectual/ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl/adj.智力的；脑力的；理智的e.g.intellectualcuriosity求知欲还有一个大问题：据国家教育统计中心报道，参加四年制大学课程的学生中，只有56%可以获得学士学位。对于其余44%的学生来说，这是一种智力和财力资源的浪费，也是对国家有限教育资源的浪费。

40TextBThankstotheInternet7Weneedtofullyexploit18theInternettoincreasethepercentageofgraduatesandgivethemthebesteducationpossible.Anumberofuniversitieshaveredesigned19theirteachingapproacharoundtheconceptofthe“flipped20”classroom.Studentsabsorb21lectures,videos,podcasts22andwrittenmaterialonlinebeforegoingtoclass.Theclasstimeisnowdevotedtoproblemsolving,discussionandrespondingtostudents’questions.TheInternetprovidesthefoundation23foramoreintellectuallynourishing24two-waydiscoveryinandoutsideoftheclassroom.★exploit/ɪkˈsplɔɪt/vt.①tousesth.wellinordertogainasmuchfromitaspossible运用；利用；发挥e.g.Shefullyexploitsthehumorofherroleintheplay.她在剧中把她那个角色的幽默发挥得淋漓尽致。②totreatapersonorsituationasanopportunitytogainanadvantageforyourself利用（……为自己谋利）e.g.Heexploitedhisfather’snametogethimselfajob.他利用他父亲的名声为自己找到一份工作。③todeveloporusesth.forbusinessorindustry开发；开采；开拓e.g.Manycountriesexploitoilunderthesea.许多国家在海底开采石油。★absorb/əbˈsɔːb/vt.①totakesth.intothemindandlearnorunderstandit理解；掌握e.g.It’salotofinformationtoabsorballatonce.要一下子消化这么多资料，真是很难。②tointerestsb.verymuchsothattheypaynoattentiontoanythingelse吸引全部注意力；使全神贯注e.g.Thisworkhadabsorbedhimforseveralyears.这项工作曾使他沉迷了好几年。③totakeinaliquid,gasorothersubstancefromthesurfaceorspacearound吸收e.g.Plantsabsorboxygen.植物吸收氧气。★foundation/faʊnˈdeɪʃn/n.基本原理；根据；基础e.g.Respectandfriendshipprovideasolidfoundationformarriage.尊重和友爱是婚姻的牢固基础。我们需要充分利用互联网来提高高校毕业生的比率，尽可能地给他们最好的教育。一些高校已经围绕“翻转课堂”的概念对教学方式做出了调整。学生在上课前，要先学习并掌握相关的课程、视频、播客及书面材料。现在的课堂时间已经成为解决问题、讨论和回答学生问题的时间。互联网为这样一个更有利于激发和滋养智慧的课上课下结合的学习模式的发现提供了基础。

41TextBThankstotheInternet8Ratherthantellingstudentstheanswerstoquestions,professorscanposequestionstothestudentsandhelpthemdiscovernewknowledgeandengagethroughgroupdiscussion.Typicallythismeansresearchingmultiple25sourcesofinformation,solvingproblems,andcombiningthematerialsanddevelopingaconclusion.Studentslearnhowtoexpresstheirviewsandputfactsandknowledgeintocontext.Thissupportstheadvancedskillsthatareessentialintoday’sknowledgeeconomy.★multiple/ˈmʌltɪp/adj.数量多的；多种多样的e.g.multiplecopiesofdocuments各种文件的大量的副本。与其直接告诉学生问题的答案，老师更应该给学生提问题，并引导他们通过参与小组讨论去发现新的知识。这意味着要查阅大量信息的来源、解决问题、结合材料进而得出结论。学会表达观点，并能把事实和知识的来龙去脉讲清楚，将帮助培养高级技能，这些高级技能在现在的知识经济中至关重要。

42TextBThankstotheInternet9Theprofessorisstillcritical26totheteachingprocess,butnowspendsmoretimeworkingtogetherwithstudentstohelpthemspark27engagement28andachieveadeeperunderstandingofthesubject.Educatorsaresimilarlystimulated29,andfindthiseducationalmodelmorerewarding30.10Studentsrespondinstinctively31toablended32classroomandonlineenvironment.Thisisthedigitalenvironmenttheygrewupin,sotheyfeelrightathome.Theyfindlearningtobemorerewarding.Theirmarksimprove.UsingsocialmediatoolssimilartoFacebook,GoogleandTwitter,studentsareabletocontinuetheirdiscussionsoutsideofclasstime.★critical/ˈkrɪtɪkl/adj.①extremelyimportantbecauseafuturesituationwillbeaffectedbyit极重要的；关键的；至关紧要的e.g.Yourdecisioniscriticaltoourfuture.你的决定对我们的将来至关重要。②expressingdisapprovalofsb./sth.andsayingwhatyouthinkisbadaboutthem批评的；批判性的；挑剔的e.g.Thesupervisorisalwaysverycritical.主管总是很挑剔。★spark/spɑːk/v.tocausesth.tostartordevelop,especiallysuddenly引发；触发e.g.Windsbroughtdownpowerlines,sparkingafire.大风刮断电线，引起了火灾。n.averysmallburningpieceofmaterialthatisproducedbysth.thatisburningorbyhittingtwohardsubstancestogether火花；火星e.g.Ashowerofsparksflewupthechimney.烟囱里飞出无数火星。★engagement/ɪnˈgeɪdʒmənt/n.①emotionalinvolvementorcommitment参与；投入e.g.Manystudentspasstheexamwithrealengagementinlearning.许多同学认真学习通过了考试。②anarrangementtodosth.ataparticulartime,especiallysth.officialorsth.connectedwithyourjob（尤指正式的或与工作有关的）约定，约会，预约e.g.Itwasherfirstofficialengagement.那是她第一次正式约会。★stimulate/ˈstɪmjuleɪt/v.促进；激发；激励e.g.Theexhibitionhasstimulatedinterestinherwork.展览增进了人们对她作品的兴趣。★rewarding/rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ/adj.值得做的；有益的e.g.arewardingexperience/job有益的经历/工作教师在教学过程中仍然非常关键，不同的是，现在教师需要花大量时间与学生并肩前行，并帮助激发他们的专注力，以让他们对课题有更加深刻的了解。在这种情形下，教育工作者同样也会被激发，并在这种教育模式中获益。学生们能自如应对这种混合式课堂和在线环境，毕竟他们就是在这种数字化环境下成长起来的。受益于这种学习模式，成绩有所提高。使用像脸书、谷歌、Twitter这样的社交媒体，他们还能在课堂外继续讨论。

43TextBThankstotheInternet11Whenmuchofthelearningprocessisfacilitated33online,thisspins34offatremendous35amountofdatathatisusefultoprofessorsandstudents.Professorscanmonitor36theprogressofeachstudentintheclassbasedonperformancedatachosenfromeachassignment,quizandtest.Automated37alerts38canflag39studentsfallingbehindinagivenclasssoteacherscanhelpthem.★facilitate/fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/vt.促进；促使；使便利e.g.Structuredteachingfacilitateslearning.有条理的教导有利于学习。★spin/spɪn/v.过去式：spun；过去分词：spun；现在分词：spinning；第三人称单数：spins。①toturnroundandroundquickly;tomakesth.dothis（使）快速旋转e.g.Theplanewasspinningoutofcontrol.飞机失去控制，不停地旋转。②todriveortravelquickly驾车飞驰；疾驰e.g.Theywentspinningalongtheroadsontheirbikes.他们骑自行车沿公路疾驰。③tomakethreadfromwool,cotton,silk,etc.bytwistingit纺（线）；纺（纱）e.g.Shesatbythewindowspinning.她坐在窗前纺线。★spinoff（从某事物）派生，衍生；随之而产生；脱胎（于某事物）e.g.Whentheworkisfinishedweshouldbeabletospinoffafewextras.这项工作完成后，我们还可以附带着加做出一些。★spin-off为其名词形式，表示“衍生物；附加物；副产品”e.g.Thisnewmaterialisaspin-offfromthespaceindustry.这种新材料是航天工业的副产品。★tremendous/trəˈmendəs/adj.①verygreat巨大的；极大的e.g.Atremendousamountofworkhasgoneintotheproject.大量的工作已投入到这项工程。②extremelygood极好的；精彩的；了不起的e.g.Itwasatremendousexperience.这是个了不起的经历。★monitor/ˈmɒnɪtə(r)/v.监视；检查；跟踪调查e.g.Eachstudent’sprogressiscloselymonitored.每一位同学的学习情况都受到密切的关注。n.①显示屏；监视器；（计算机）显示器e.g.Thedetailsoftoday’sflightsaredisplayedonthemonitor.今天航班的详细情况都列在显示屏上。②班长；级长；班代表e.g.Theteacherappointedasafestudentasmonitorofourclass.老师任命了一个谨小慎微的学生担任我们的班长。★alert/əˈlɜːt/n.警报e.g.abomb/firealert炸弹/火警警报v.向……报警；使警觉；使警惕；使戒备e.g.Neighborsquicklyalertedtheemergencyservices.邻居很快向紧急情况服务部门报了警。★flag/flæg/v.标示（重要处）过去式：flagged；现在分词：flagging；第三人称单数：flags。e.g.I’veflaggedtheparagraphsthatweneedtolookatinmoredetail.我已用特殊记号标出我们需要更详细考虑的段落。当大部分的学习过程都在网上进行时，会衍生出大量对学生和教师都有用的数据。教师能够根据从学生的作业、测验和考试中得出的数据，监控每个学生的学习过程。当学生退步或落后时，系统会发出自动提醒并做出标记，这样老师看到后可以有针对性地帮助他们。

44TextBThankstotheInternet12Usingthesamedata,studentscancompareandjudgetheirownperformance.Theycanseehowmuchtimetheyspendonlinecomparedtoclassaverages.Thedatacanbeorganizedtodisplaytheirstrengthsandweaknesses.Studentscanusethisinformationtodiscusswithadvisorscourseselectionsthatwouldbethebestfit.13Memorizationtechniqueshaveverylittlefutureintoday’sknowledgeeconomy,andoureducationmethodsmustevolve.Onlinetoolscanhelpeducatorsandadministratorsbetterengagestudentsandinspirethemtostriveformaximumachievement.使用同样的数据，学生也能对比和评价自己的表现。他们能够看到自己在网络课堂的耗时与班级平均耗时的对比情况。该数据也可用于判断一个学生的强项与弱势，学生可以通过该信息与导师讨论最适合他们的课程选择。凭借记忆技巧的学习模式在现在的知识经济时代几乎没有发展前景，因此我们的教学方法必须更新和发展。网络在线工具能够帮助教育工作者和管理者更好地激发学生的学习兴趣，并激发他们为达到最大的成就而奋斗。

45ReadingComprehension1Havingaffectedthemusicrecordingandnewspaperindustries,theInternetisnow________________.A.affectingtheteachersB.affectingthechildrenC.churningthroughuniversitiesandcollegesD.affectingtheoldpeople2WhatisTRUEaboutMOOCs?A.ThroughMOOCs,youcan’tusethecoursematerialsfreely.B.ThroughMOOCs,universitiespostcoursematerialonlinetobefreelyusedbyalargenumberofcitizens.C.YoushouldpayalotfortheMOOCs.D.MOOCswillnotplayasignificantroleintheeducationsystem.CB

463Thetraditionalteachinginstitutionsoftenrelieson___________.A.arigidbroadcastmodelofone-wayteachingB.digitaltoolstopersonalizetheeducationprocessC.theInternetD.thestudents4Learnerswhodonotrespondtodictationandmemorizationtechniqueswereregardedas__.A.badstudentsB.unsuitableforschoolC.suitableforschoolD.goodstudents5Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Intraditionallearning,thereislittleopportunityfordiscussion.B.WeshouldusetheInternettogivethestudentsthebesteducation.C.About44percentofcollegestudentshavewastedofthenation’sfiniteteachingresources.D.Itissaidthat56percentofcollegestudentswillgraduatewithoutthebachelordegree.ABD

47WordsandPhrasestoPracticeintellectualjammemorizationstimulatecriticalscarceinstitutionexploitrewardingabsorbSixofuswere____________intoonesmallcar.Freshfoodisso_____________thatpriceshaverocketed.Thiseducational________________isfullofmiddleschoolstudents.4Weallknowthefactthatreadingalothelps_________________.jammedscarceinstitutionmemorizationSheisnotquite_________________,buthasagoodunderstanding.Manycountries_____________oilunderthesea.It’salotofinformationto__________atonce.Yourdecisionis_____________toourfuture.Parentsshouldgivechildrenbooksthat________________them.10Teachingisnotveryfinancially____________________.intellectualexploitabsorbcriticalstimulaterewarding

48Fillintheblankswiththephrasesgivenbelow.Changetheformswherenecessary.1Ileftmedicineanyway.Iwasn’treally___________________it.2Hewasinvitedto__________________thisTVplay.3Thecar_________________mestoppedsuddenlyandIhadtobrake(刹车).4Itmadethingsveryunpleasant______________.5Shestartedadegreebut________________afteronlyoneyear.6___________theheavyrain,thefootballmatchwascancelled.duetocutoutforinfrontofplayaroleininawaydropoutcutoutforplayaroleininfrontofinawaydroppedoutDueto

49SentencestoPracticeCompletethefollowingsentenceswiththegivensentencestructure.dueto...由于……1Herefusedtocuthishair_________________________________(由于他的信仰).2___________________________(由于花费太高),shehastoearnmoremoneyforthefamily.3________________________(由于刮大风),mostoftheleavesfelldowntothefloor.duetohisbeliefsDuetothehighcostDuetothestrongwind

50拓展视频

51Lead-inStudyFocusPart1Part2AbilityEnhancementGrammar&TranslationPart3Part4

52CoolMusicListentothesongAntiSocialMediaandthenfillintheblanks.LiveandLearnisasongbyAmericannewjackswinggroupJoePublic.Thesongtellsustoliveandlearn.Therearestilllotsofthingstolearnaftergraduation.Doyouplantoliveandlearn?

53You’vegottoliveandlearnYou’vegottoliveandlearnBeforeyourbridgesburnYou’vegottoliveandlearnHere’sa(1)_________storyaboutlifeEverybodythatlivessurelydiesAlotofpeopleaskthequestionswhySomepeoplehavetogothroughso(2)_________moreBeforetheyreallylearnaboutlife’sscoreThesubjectisnottobeignoredmuchlittle

54Idon’twannabethe(3)_________Totellyouhowit’sgottobeLivingistheonlywayYoueverreallygonnaseeThere’ssomuchwrongandnegativity(4)___________forthewholeworldtoseeIknowthere’sstillthepossibilityYouraisealittlekid,heturnsoutboldItmaybefromthewayyoutreathimcoldIguessthat’showthestoryis(5)_______oneEnoughtold

55You’vegottoliveandlearn,Idon’twannabetheoneYou’vegottoliveandlearn,totellyouhowit’sgottobeBeforeyourbridgesburn,livingistheonlywayYou’vegottoliveandlearn,youeverreallygonnaseeLarge,iflargeishowyoulivingWhyyou’relivinglargeareyoutakingwhatisgivenToyouintheformoftrueexperienceCauseifyou’renotyourwholelifecouldbespent

56Doingtimeforacrimeyousayyoudidn’tevendoTheonlyfoolthatyou’refoolingisthefoolthatisyouDidn’teventurnaroundtocheckandseeifyourbridgeisBurningIguessit’struethatwhattheysayThatwithoutlivingthere’snolearningMary,Mary,Maryit’squitecontraryYo,howdidyouearnyourdoughYoudidn’tfinishschoolyouain’tgotnotjobButtothehumaneyeit’sprettysimple

57Nowwatchthemovieclip.Readthewordscloselyafterthespeakerssoastoimproveyourshort-termmemory,pronunciation,stressandintonationbyimitatingwhatyouhear.Setting:Thegirlsthinkofthenameoftheirrockband,Mr.Finnandthemembersareveryexcited.Suddenly,theprincipal(校长)Mullinscomes.TimetoWatch

58Lead-inStudyFocusPart1Part2AbilityEnhancementGrammar&TranslationPart3Part4

59英语中的时态（二）：一般过去时1一般过去时的基本句式1）肯定句：①主语＋be动词的过去式（was/were）＋其他②主语＋行为动词的过去式＋其他e.g.Hewasathomelastnight.他昨天晚上在家。Wehadclasseslastweek.上周我们上课了。2）否定句：①主语＋be动词的过去式（was/were）＋not＋其他②主语＋didn’t＋动词原形＋其他e.g.Hewasn’tathomelastnight.他昨天晚上不在家。Wedidn’thaveclasseslastweek.上周我们没有上课。

603）一般疑问句：①be动词的过去式（Was/Were）＋主语＋其他②Did＋主语＋动词原形＋其他e.g.Washeathomelastnight?他昨天晚上在家吗？Didyouhaveclasseslastweek?你们上周有课吗？肯定回答：Yes,主语(常用代词)＋be动词的过去式(was/were)/did.e.g.Yes,hewas.是的，他在。Yes,wedid.是的，我们上课了。否定回答：No,主语(常用代词)＋be动词的过去式(was/were)/did＋not.e.g.No,hewasn’t.他昨天晚上没在家。No,wedidn’t.我们上周没有上课4）特殊疑问句：疑问词＋be动词的过去式（was/were）＋主语＋其他，或疑问词＋did＋主语＋动词原形＋其他e.g.Wherewashelastnight?他昨天晚上在哪里？Whatdidyoudolastweek?你们上周做什么了？

612动词过去式的变化规则情况构成方法例词一般情况加-edwork—workedlook—looked以不发音的e结尾加-dlive—livedhope—hoped以辅音字母＋y结尾变y为i再加-edstudy—studiedcarry—carried以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写最后的辅音字母再加-edstop—stoppedplan—planned以ic结尾变ic为ick再加-edpicnic—picnickedtraffic—trafficked不规则变化are—wereis/am—wasdo—didgo—wentmake—madeget—gotbuy—boughtcome—camefly—flewleave—left

623一般过去时的用法1）表示在过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday,lastweek,lastyear,in1993,atthattime,once,afewdaysago等等。e.g.IhadawordwithJuliathismorning.今天早晨，我跟朱莉娅说了几句话。HewenttoHongKonglastweek.他上周去了香港。2）表示在此之前一段时间内经常或反复的动作常与always，often等词连用，表示过去经常性的动作。e.g.Mrs.Peteralwayscarriedanumbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。WeoftenwenthikingwhenwewereinAmerica.在美国的时候我们经常去徒步旅行。

633）表示出生或死亡的情况多用过去时e.g.Hediedintheaccidentlastyear.他在去年的那场事故中去世了。Thegirlwasbornin2008.这个女孩生于2008年。4）表示说话时已经发生的动作或存在的状态有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态，也要用过去时。e.g.Ididn’tknowyouwereinParis.我不知道你在巴黎。Ithoughtyouwereill.我以为你病了。

641Writedownthepastformsoftheverbs.（写出下列动词的过去式形式。）touch__________2stay__________3cry__________4go__________5have__________6come__________touchedstayedcriedwenthadcame12Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.（用括号中动词的适当形式填空。）1Mary___________(come)toChinalastmonth.2There_________(be)atelephonecallforyoujustnow.3Ilistenedbut___________(hear)nothing.4Mike_________(notgo)tobeduntil12o’clocklastnight.camewashearddidn’tgo

653Changethesentencepatternsaccordingtothedirections.（按要求转换句型。）1Lucydidherhomeworkathome.（变否定句）__________________________________________________________________2Hefoundsomemeatinthefridge.（变一般疑问句）__________________________________________________________________3Shestayedthereforaweek.（对划线部分提问）__________________________________________________________________4Therewassomeorangesinthebag.（变一般疑问句）__________________________________________________________________Lucydidn’tdoherhomeworkathome.Didhefindanymeatinthefridge?Howlongdidshestaythere?Arethereanyorangesinthebag?

66Buzzwords1做秀show;makeashowe.g.Idonotliketomakeashowofmyselfbeforestrangers.我不喜欢在陌生人面前炫耀自己。2钻空子exploitloopholese.g.Weconstantlyamendandimprovetheregulationincasesomepeopleexploitloopholes.我们不断修改和完善法规，以防有人钻空子。3自由行FreeIndependentTravele.g.NewZealand’sgovernmenttourismagencysaidtheChinesemarketisgraduallyturningfromshoppingtourgroupstoFreeIndependentTraveltourists.新西兰政府旅游局称中国旅游市场正逐渐从购物旅行团向自由行游客转型。

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