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1、SECTIONELEVENWALL,FLOOR,ANDCEILINGSYSTEMSFrederickS.Merritt*ConsultingEngineer,WestPalmBeach,FloridaThissectiondiscussesdesignandconstructionofsystemsgenerallyusedforen-closingbuildingsandthespaceswithinthem.(Somesuchsystems,suchasroofsandfoundations,
2、however,aretreatedinothersections,becauseoftheirspecialfunctionsinadditiontoenclosureofspaces.)Thesystemscoveredinthissection,asdescribedinArt.1.7,includeexteriorwalls;interiorwalls,orpartitions;floors;andceilings.Eachofthesesystemsusuallyconsistsofone
3、ormorefacingsubsystemsandastructuralsubsystemthatsupportsthem.Thefacingsubsystemsmaybethesurfacesofthestructuralsubsystemorseparateentitiesthatenclosethatsubsystem.Theyserveestheticpurposes,provideprivacy,andbar,oratleastrestrict,passageofpeopleorothe
4、rmovingobjects,water,air,sound,heatandalsooftenlight.WoodstructuralsubsystemsarediscussedinSec.10,andconcreteisdiscussedinSec.9.BasicprinciplesofwaterproofingbuildingexteriorsarepresentedinArt.3.4.2.Thissectiondescribestechniquesapplicabletounitmasonry
5、andcurtainwalls.Floorsprovidenotonlyahorizontalseparationofinteriorbuildingspacesbutalsoasurfaceonwhichhumanactivitiescantakeplaceandonwhichmaterialsandequipmentcanbestored.Thestructuralsubsystemusuallyconsistsofaslabordeckandalsooftenofbeamsthatsuppo
6、rtit.ThesearedescribedinSecs.7through10.Thissectiondiscussesconstructionsusedfortheupperfacing,orfloorcoverings,whichserveestheticpurposesandactasawearingsurface.Thebottomfacing,orceiling,maybethebottomsurfaceoftheslabordeckoraseparateentity,suchasagyp
7、sum-plastermembrane,whichisalsodiscussedinthissection,oracousticaltile.*Deceased.11.111.2SECTIONELEVENMASONRYWALLSMasonrycomprisesassemblagesofnonmetallic,incombustiblematerials,suchasstone,brick,structuralclaytile,concreteblock,glassblock,gypsumblock
8、,oradobebrick.Unitmasonryconsistsofpiecesofsuchmaterials,usuallybetween4and24ininlengthandheightandbetween4and12ininthickness.Theunitsarebondedtogetherwithmortarorothercementitiousmaterials.Wallsandpartitionsareclassifiedasload-bearingandnon-lo
