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1、'SearchingforMemoryTheBrain,theMind,andthePastDANIELL.SCHACTERBasicBooksADivisionofHarperCollinsPublishersCopyright©1996byDanielL.Schacter.PublishedbyBasicBooks,ADivisionofHarperCollinsPublishers.Inc.Allrightsreserved.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Nopa
2、rtofthisbookmaybereproducedinanymannerwhatsoeverwithoutwrit•tenpermissionexceptinthecaseofbriefquotationsembodiedincrit•icalarticlesandreviews.Forinformation,addressBasicBooks,10Hast.NewYork,NY10022-5299.FIRSlEDITIONDesignedbyElliottBeardISBN0-465-02502-19
3、697989900•/RRD10987654321Formymother,HarrierGreatisthepowerofmemory,afearfulthing,OmyGod,adeepandboundlessmanifoldness;andthisthingisthemind,andthisamImyself.—Augustine,TheConfessionsofSaintAugustine"Iknowitcan't'vebeenlikethat,butthat'swhatIremember."—Pat
4、Barker,RegenerationAsIusedtosaytomyclients,"Memoryislife."—SaulBellow,TheBellarosaConnectionCONTENTSAcknowledgmentsxiIntroductionMemory'sFragilePower1ONEOnRemembering"ATelescopePointedatTime"15TWOBuildingMemoriesEncodingandRetrievingthePresentandthePast39T
5、HREEOfTimeandAutobiography72FOURReflectionsinaCurvedMirrorMemoryDistortion98FIVEVanishingTracesAmnesiaandtheBrain134sixTheHiddenWorldofImplicitMemory161IXContentsSEVENEmotionalMemoriesWhenThePastPersists192EIGHTIslandsintheFogPsychogenicAmnesia218NINETheMe
6、moryWarsSeekingTruthintheLineofFire248TENStoriesofElders280Notes309Bibliography350Index387ACKNOWLEDGMENTSTHESEEDSorTHISBOOKweresownin1975,whenIworkedasaresearchassistantforDr.HerbertCrovitzataVeteransAdminis•trationHospitalinDurham,NorthCarolina.ThereItest
7、edbrain•damagedpatientswhowereutterlyincapableofrememberingnewinformationformorethanafewseconds.Onemanconversedeasilywhenwefirstmetandseemedmoreorlesslikeanyoneelse.ButwhenIlefttheroomandreturnedseveralminuteslater,hehadtotallyfor•gottenwehadevermet.Startl
8、edandintriguedbysuchdramaticdis•orders,IdevelopedadeepandenduringinterestinmemorythatIhavepursuedforthepasttwodecades.Ihavehadmuchhelpalongtheway.HerbCrovitzignitedmyinterestinmemory,andEndelTulvingnurturedit
