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1、摘要N-甲基硝基胍是一种重要的农药、医药中间体在许多领域有着广泛的应用,如生产高效低毒农药噻虫胺、噻虫嗪、呋虫胺等。此外,N-甲基硝基胍经还原可以制氨基胍,用于合成心绞痛药物乐可安等,也可用于炸药和无烟火药的配制。随着N-甲基硝基胍的应用范围不断扩大,近年来国内外市场其需求量逐年上升,N-甲基硝基胍的生产能力远不能满足需求,因而研究合成N-甲基硝基胍的方法有着非常重要的现实意义。N-甲基硝基胍可由不同的原料和工艺条件制备。本论文采用硝基胍作为原料,后再与甲胺在水溶液中反应制得N-甲基硝基胍,并通过单因素实验和正交试验探讨了物料配比、反应时间、反应
2、温度、反应PH等对反应产物产率的影响,确定了制备N-甲基硝基胍的最佳工艺条件为:确定PH值为11-12,物料配比为1:1.2,反应时间为3h,温度为40℃,六次验证实验的平均收率为75.971%。本课题采用硝基胍和甲胺水溶液为原料,以水作为稀释剂制备N-甲基硝基胍。方法简便,反应条件温和、副反应少、产率高,粗产品无需进一步的纯化,而且减少了纯化过程中产物损失和大量有机溶剂的使用,降低了合成成本。关键词:N-甲基硝基胍;硝基胍;甲胺;工艺优化AbstractN-methyl-nitroguanidineisanimportantpesticides
3、,pharmaceuticalintermediateshasbeenwidelyappliedinmanyfields,suchasproductionefficiencyandlowtoxicitypesticidesClothianidin,thiamethoxam,Dinotefuran.Inaddition,N-methylnitroguanidinebyreductionaminoguanidinecanbemadeforsyntheticanginadrugsTrapymin,itcanalsobeusedfortheprepara
4、tionofexplosivesandsmokelesspowder.WiththeexpandingscopeofapplicationoftheN-methyl-nitroguanidine,domesticandinternationalmarketdemandincreasedyearbyyear,N-methyl-nitroguanidineproductioncapacitycannotmeetdemand,sostudythesynthesisofN-methyl-nitroguanidinemethodhasaveryimport
5、antpracticalsignificance.N-methyl-nitroguanidinecanbemadeofdifferentrawmaterialsandthepreparationprocessconditions.Nitroguanidineinthispaperasrawmaterial,andthenwithmethylamineinaqueoussolutionobtainedbythereactionofN-methyl-nitroguanidine,andthroughsinglefactorexperimentsand
6、orthogonaltestofrawmaterialratio,reactiontime,reactiontemperature,thereactionPHtheinfluenceofthereactionproductyielddetermined:TodeterminethePHvalue11-12PreparationofN-methyl-nitro-guanidinetheoptimumconditionsforthematerialratioof1:1.2,thereactiontimeof3h,temperature40℃,sixv
7、alidationexperiments,theaverageyieldof75.971%.Thistopicusesnitroguanidineandmethylamineaqueoussolutionasrawmaterial,waterasadiluentpreparationofN-methyl-nitroguanidine.Themethodissimple,mildreactionconditions,lesssideeffects,highyield,thecrudeproductwithoutfurtherpurification
8、,andreduceproductlossinthepurificationprocessandtheuseoflargeamounts