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1、Publishedin2010byBritannicaEducationalPublishing(atrademarkofEncyclopædiaBritannica,Inc.)inassociationwithRosenEducationalServices,LLC29East21stStreet,NewYork,NY10010.Copyright©2010EncyclopædiaBritannica,Inc.Britannica,EncyclopædiaBritannica,andtheTh
2、istlelogoareregisteredtrademarksofEncyclopædiaBritannica,Inc.Allrightsreserved.RosenEducationalServicesmaterialscopyright©2010RosenEducationalServices,LLC.Allrightsreserved.DistributedexclusivelybyRosenEducationalServices.ForalistingofadditionalBrita
3、nnicaEducationalPublishingtitles,calltollfree(800)237-9932.FirstEditionBritannicaEducationalPublishingMichaelI.Levy:ExecutiveEditorMarilynL.Barton:SeniorCoordinator,ProductionControlStevenBosco:Director,EditorialTechnologiesLisaS.Braucher:SeniorProdu
4、cerandDataEditorYvetteCharboneau:SeniorCopyEditorKathyNakamura:Manager,MediaAcquisitionErikGregersen:AssociateEditor,AstronomyandSpaceExplorationRosenEducationalServicesJeanneNagle:SeniorEditorNelsonSá:ArtDirectorMatthewCauli:DesignerIntroductionbyGr
5、egRozaLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataTheMilkyWayandbeyond/editedbyErikGregersen.—1sted.p.cm.—(Anexplorer’sguidetotheuniverse)“InassociationwithBritannicaEducationalPublishing,RosenEducationalServices.”Includesindex.ISBN978-1-61530-053-
6、2(eBook)1.MilkyWay—Popularworks.2.Galaxies—Popularworks.I.Gregersen,Erik.QB857.7.M552010523.1'13—dc222009037980Onthecover:ThousandsofsparklingyoungstarsarenestledwithinthegiantnebulaNGC3603,oneofthemostmassiveyoungstarclustersintheMilkyWayGalaxy.NASA
7、,ESA,andtheHubbleHeritage(STScI/AURA)-ESA/HubbleCollaboration17CONTENTSIntroduction12Chapter1:TheMilkyWayGalaxy21TheStructureandDynamicsoftheMilkyWayGalaxy21StructureoftheSpiralSystem22TheNucleus22TheCentralBulge22TheDisk23TheSpiralArms24TheSpherical
8、Component25TheMassiveHalo25MagneticField2523Rotation26Mass26StarPopulationsandMovement28StarsandStellarPopulations28PrincipalPopulationTypes28TheStellarLuminosityFunction31DensityDistribution35DensityDistributionofVariousTypesofStars36Variationsinthe