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1、WHITTOW-AP-4219/c7-101/08-04-9914:45:51CHAPTER7TheAutonomicNervousSystemofAvianSpeciesWAYNEJ.KUENZELDepartmentofAnimalandAvianSciencesUniversityofMarylandCollegePark,Maryland20742I.Introduction101muscle,striatedintrinsicmuscleoftheeyes,andsomeII.Components102typesofsecretorycells(Bennett,19
2、74).ItisusuallyA.GeneralDescription102presentedanatomicallyasamotororeffectorsystemIII.PeripheralMotorComponentsofthethatinnervatesalargenumberofbodyorgansknownAutonomicNervousSystem102asviscerawithinthethoraco-abdominal-pelvicbodyA.SympatheticNervousSystem102cavityandcranium.Functionallyit
3、isanimportantB.ParasypatheticNervousSystem104neuralsystemintimatelyinvolvedinmanybasic,physi-IV.CentralComponentsoftheAutonomicologicalfunctionsandbehaviorscriticaltothesurvivalNervousSystem105ofanorganism,andhence,itsspecies.Speci®cexam-A.SympatheticNervousSystem105B.ParasympatheticNervous
4、System105plesofitsdirectregulationofphysiologicalprocessesC.Hypothalamopituitaryandincluderespiration,cardiovascularfunction,thermo-Hypothalomo-ANSSystems108regulation,osmoticbalance,gastrointestinalmove-D.OtherSystemsInvolvingCircumventricularments,andcircadianrhythms.ExamplesofthelatterOr
5、gans(CVOs)111aretheregulationoffeeding,sexualbehavior,andV.FunctionalNeuralPathwaysoftheAutonomicdiurnalandcircannualrhythmicbehaviorsdisplayedNervousSystem112bymany,ifnotall,avianspecies.ManifestationofA.AnAutonomicPathwayRegulatingthebehaviorsjustlistedrequireemotions,motivation,FoodIntak
6、e112B.VisceralForebrainSystem114and/orcognitivefunctionforappropriateexecution.C.LimbicSystem115ItisclearthattheANSresponsibleforregulatingtheVI.ShiftsinHomeostasis:AnAutonomicpreviouslylistedphysiologicalfunctionsandbehaviorsHypothesisExplainingtheRegulationofAnnualinvolvesmorethananextens
7、ivenetworkofgangliaCyclesofBirds117andperipheralnervesoutsidethecon®nesoftheVII.ConsequencesofGeneticSelectionforRapidcentralnervoussystem.IneffectthesystemregulatesGrowthinBroilersandTurkeys:AnImbalancedprocessesthatinvolveconsciousactsaswellasbasicAuto
