401 2009 article 619外语英文电子书

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1、ActaNeuropathol(2010)119:7–35DOI10.1007/s00401-009-0619-8REVIEWAstrocytes:biologyandpathologyMichaelV.Sofroniew•HarryV.VintersReceived:17November2009/Revised:23November2009/Accepted:24November2009/Publishedonline:10December2009ÓTheAuthor(s)2009.Thisarticleispublis

2、hedwithopenaccessatSpringerlink.comAbstractAstrocytesarespecializedglialcellsthatout-Increasingevidencepointstowardsthepotentialofreactivenumberneuronsbyoverfivefold.Theycontiguouslytiletheastrogliosistoplayeitherprimaryorcontributingrolesinentirecentralnervoussyst

3、em(CNS)andexertmanyessen-CNSdisordersvialossofnormalastrocytefunctionsorgaintialcomplexfunctionsinthehealthyCNS.Astrocytesofabnormaleffects.Thisarticlereviews(1)astrocyterespondtoallformsofCNSinsultsthroughaprocessfunctionsinhealthyCNS,(2)mechanismsandfunctionsofr

4、eferredtoasreactiveastrogliosis,whichhasbecomeareactiveastrogliosisandglialscarformation,and(3)waysinpathologicalhallmarkofCNSstructurallesions.SubstantialwhichreactiveastrocytesmaycauseorcontributetospecificprogresshasbeenmaderecentlyindeterminingfunctionsCNSdisor

5、dersandlesions.andmechanismsofreactiveastrogliosisandinidentifyingrolesofastrocytesinCNSdisordersandpathologies.AvastKeywordsAstrocyte
Reactiveastrogliosis
Glialscar
moleculararsenalatthedisposalofreactiveastrocytesisGFAP
Pathology
Centralnervoussystembeingdefined.

6、Transgenicmousemodelsaredissectingspecificaspectsofreactiveastrocytosisandglialscarformationinvivo.AstrocyteinvolvementinspecificIntroductionclinicopathologicalentitiesisbeingdefined.Itisnowclearthatreactiveastrogliosisisnotasimpleall-or-nonephe-Untilquiterecently,th

7、eprevailingviewregardingthebiol-nomenonbutisafinelygradatedcontinuumofchangesthatogyandpathologyofastrocytesamongthosestudyingoccurincontext-dependentmannersregulatedbyspecificclinicaldisordersandstructurallesionsofthecentralnervoussignalingevents.Thesechangesrangef

8、romreversiblesystem(CNS)wasmostlikelytobethat(1)astrocytesarealterationsingeneexpressionandcellhypertrophywithsupportiveglialcellcomponentsinneuraltissu