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1、TheGoalAProcessofOngoingImprovement1AbouttheTheoryofConstraintsEliGoldratt'sTheoryofConstraintsisbeingusedbythousandsofcorporations,andistaughtinover200colleges,universitiesandbusinessschools.Hisbookshavesoldover3millioncopiesandhavebeentranslatedinto23languag
2、es.2TheTheoryofConstraintsTheTheoryofConstraints(TOC)isanoverallphilosophydevelopedbyDr.EliyahuM.Goldratt,usuallyappliedtorunningandimprovinganorganization.TOCconsistsofProblemSolvingandManagement/Decision-MakingToolscalledtheThinkingProcesses(TP).TOCisapplied
3、tologicallyandsystematicallyanswerthesethreequestionsessentialtoanyprocessofongoingimprovement:改进什么?Whattochange?改成什么样子?Whattochangeto?如何使改进得以实现?Howtocausethechange?3TheTheoryofConstraintsMorespecificusesoftheThinkingProcessescanbeusedtosignificantlyenhancevit
4、almanagementskills,suchas:win-winconflictresolutioneffectivecommunicationteambuildingskillsdelegationempowerment4TheTheoryofConstraintsFamousforspectacularresults,theuseofTOChasresultedinProvenSolutionscreatedbyapplyingtheThinkingProcesses(TP)inspecificfunctio
5、nalareassuchasSales,Marketing,Logistics,Finance,Accounting,EngineeringandProjectManagement.Manyofthesesolutionsarediscussedindetailinthebooks:TheGoal,TheRace,It'sNotLuckandCriticalChain.5TheTheoryofConstraintsTOCrecognizesthattheoutputofanysystemthatconsistsof
6、multiplestepswheretheoutputofonestepdependsontheoutputofoneormorepreviousstepswillbelimited(orconstrained)bytheleastproductivesteps.Inotherwords,asparaphrasedinTheGoal,thestrengthofanychainisdependantuponitsweakestlink.6TheTheoryofConstraintsWheremanufacturing
7、isconcerned,TOCpostulatesthatthegoalistomake(more)money.Itdescribesthreeavenuestothisgoal:IncreaseThroughputReduceInventoryReduceOperatingExpenseAsDr.Goldrattnotes,theopportunitiestomakemoremoneythroughreductionsininventoryandoperatingexpensearelimitedbyzero.T
8、heopportunitiestomakemoremoneybyincreasingThroughput,ontheotherhand,areunlimited.7TheTheoryofConstraintsWheremanufacturingisconcerned,TOCpostulatesthatthegoalistomake(more)money.It