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1、TheGoalEliyahuM.GoldrattAProcessofOngoingImprovementJeffCox1AbouttheTheoryofConstraintsEliGoldratt'sTheoryofConstraintsisbeingusedbythousandsofcorporations,andistaughtinover200colleges,universitiesandbusinessschools.Hisbookshavesoldover3millioncopiesandhavebe
2、entranslatedinto23languages.2TheTheoryofConstraintsTheTheoryofConstraints(TOC)isanoverallphilosophydevelopedbyDr.EliyahuM.Goldratt,usuallyappliedtorunningandimprovinganorganization.TOCconsistsofProblemSolvingandManagement/Decision-MakingToolscalledtheThinking
3、Processes(TP).TOCisappliedtologicallyandsystematicallyanswerthesethreequestionsessentialtoanyprocessofongoingimprovement:改进什么?Whattochange?改成什么样子?Whattochangeto?如何使改进得以实现?Howtocausethechange?3TheTheoryofConstraintsMorespecificusesoftheThinkingProcessescanbeus
4、edtosignificantlyenhancevitalmanagementskills,suchas:win-winconflictresolutioneffectivecommunicationteambuildingskillsdelegationempowerment4TheTheoryofConstraintsFamousforspectacularresults,theuseofTOChasresultedinProvenSolutionscreatedbyapplyingtheThinkingPr
5、ocesses(TP)inspecificfunctionalareassuchasSales,Marketing,Logistics,Finance,Accounting,EngineeringandProjectManagement.Manyofthesesolutionsarediscussedindetailinthebooks:TheGoal,TheRace,It'sNotLuckandCriticalChain.5TheTheoryofConstraintsTOCrecognizesthattheou
6、tputofanysystemthatconsistsofmultiplestepswheretheoutputofonestepdependsontheoutputofoneormorepreviousstepswillbelimited(orconstrained)bytheleastproductivesteps.Inotherwords,asparaphrasedinTheGoal,thestrengthofanychainisdependantuponitsweakestlink.6TheTheoryo
7、fConstraintsWheremanufacturingisconcerned,TOCpostulatesthatthegoalistomake(more)money.Itdescribesthreeavenuestothisgoal:IncreaseThroughputReduceInventoryReduceOperatingExpenseAsDr.Goldrattnotes,theopportunitiestomakemoremoneythroughreductionsininventoryandope
8、ratingexpensearelimitedbyzero.TheopportunitiestomakemoremoneybyincreasingThroughput,ontheotherhand,areunlimited.7TheTheoryofConstraintsWheremanufacturingisconcerned,TOCpostulatesthatthego