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1、TheGoalEliyahuM.GoldrattAProcessofOngoingImprovementJeffCox1AbouttheTheoryofConstraintsEliGoldratt'sTheoryofConstraintsisbeingusedbythousandsofcorporations,andistaughtinover200colleges,universitiesandbusinessschools.Hisbookshavesoldover3millioncopiesandhavebeentranslate
2、dinto23languages.2TheTheoryofConstraintsTheTheoryofConstraints(TOC)isanoverallphilosophydevelopedbyDr.EliyahuM.Goldratt,usuallyappliedtorunningandimprovinganorganization.TOCconsistsofProblemSolvingandManagement/Decision-MakingToolscalledtheThinkingProcesses(TP).TOCisapp
3、liedtologicallyandsystematicallyanswerthesethreequestionsessentialtoanyprocessofongoingimprovement:改进什么?Whattochange?改成什么样子?Whattochangeto?如何使改进得以实现?Howtocausethechange?3TheTheoryofConstraintsMorespecificusesoftheThinkingProcessescanbeusedtosignificantlyenhancevitalmana
4、gementskills,suchas:win-winconflictresolutioneffectivecommunicationteambuildingskillsdelegationempowerment4TheTheoryofConstraintsFamousforspectacularresults,theuseofTOChasresultedinProvenSolutionscreatedbyapplyingtheThinkingProcesses(TP)inspecificfunctionalareassuchasSa
5、les,Marketing,Logistics,Finance,Accounting,EngineeringandProjectManagement.Manyofthesesolutionsarediscussedindetailinthebooks:TheGoal,TheRace,It'sNotLuckandCriticalChain.5TheTheoryofConstraintsTOCrecognizesthattheoutputofanysystemthatconsistsofmultiplestepswheretheoutpu
6、tofonestepdependsontheoutputofoneormorepreviousstepswillbelimited(orconstrained)bytheleastproductivesteps.Inotherwords,asparaphrasedinTheGoal,thestrengthofanychainisdependantuponitsweakestlink.6TheTheoryofConstraintsWheremanufacturingisconcerned,TOCpostulatesthatthegoal
7、istomake(more)money.Itdescribesthreeavenuestothisgoal:IncreaseThroughputReduceInventoryReduceOperatingExpenseAsDr.Goldrattnotes,theopportunitiestomakemoremoneythroughreductionsininventoryandoperatingexpensearelimitedbyzero.TheopportunitiestomakemoremoneybyincreasingThro
8、ughput,ontheotherhand,areunlimited.7TheTheoryofConstraintsWheremanufacturingisconcerned,TOCpostulatesthatthego