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1、6FundamentalPrinciplesofVygotsky’sSocioculturalTheoryInthischapterIdescribethemajortenetsofLevVygotsky’ssocio-culturaltheory(SCT).IalsopresentsomebiographicalinformationaboutVygotskyinsupportofhisclaimthatweareallproductsofthesocial,cultural,andhistoricalenvironmentstowh
2、ichwehavebeenexposedinthecourseofourlives.Asonewouldexpectofagenius,someofhisideastranscendtimeandspace;some,however,areaclearreflectionofhistime:theyarerootedinthepoliticalandsocialclimateofhisera.Vygotsky:BiographicalNotesVygotskywasbornLevVygodskyonNovember5,1896,inOrs
3、ha,asmalltownnearMinskinBelorussia.Ayearlater,hisfamilymovedtoGomel,wherehisfatherworkedasadepartmentchiefatthebank.InGomel,LevSemenovichVygotskywenttotheprivateJewishGymnasium,graduat-ingwithagoldmedalin1913.InthatyearheenteredMoscowUniversity,wherehestudiedlaw.Healsoat
4、tendedtheShanyavskiiPeople’sUniversity,anuno≈cialschooltaughtbyfacultymemberswhohadbeenexpelledfromMoscowUniversityfortheirinvolvementinanantitsaristmovement.HereVygotskypursuedhisinterestsinphilosophy,literature,theater,andpsychol-ogy.HavingreceivedhisdegreeinlawfromMos
5、cowUniversity,hereturned103104ADialogicalApproachtoSLAtoGomel.VygotskycouldnotpracticelawbecauseofmajorpoliticalchangesthatweretakingplaceinRussiaduringthattime.Theabolishmentofthetsaristgovernmentandcreationofanewstate—theSovietUnion—madehislawdegreeworthless.Instead,Vy
6、gotskytaughtliteratureandpsychologyinvariousstateschools,includingGomel’sTeacherCollege,wherehecon-ductedhisfirstpsychologicalexperiments,whichbecamethebasisforhisPedagogicalPsychology.InGomel,Vygotskyheldvariouspositionsthatmadehimoneofthemostprominentculturalfigures.Hega
7、vetalksonthetopicsofliterature,arthistory,science,andtheater.ThroughouthislifeVygotskywasinterestedintheater.Heevenwroteapaperonthepsychologyoftheactor.Thesevariedinterestswerecrucialforthedevelopmentofhisunifiedtheoryofhumanhighermentalfunctions.Vygotskyspentsevenyearsin
8、GomelafterhisreturnfromMoscow.TheoutbreakofRussianRevolutionin1917andthesubsequentpoliticalandeconomicc
