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1、Chapter4TheRegulatoryFrameworkandCaseStudiesfromArgentinaAntonioUgaldeandNuriaHomedesArgentinaisafederationof23provincesandtheautonomousCityofBuenosAires,whichistheCapitalofthecountry.Argentinahasanestimatedpopulationof41.029million(2010),largelyofEuropeandescentandhasoneofLati
2、nAmericaslowestgrowthrates(1.05%).Eightypercentofthepopulationresidesincitiesortownsofmorethan2,000,andoverone-thirdlivesingreaterBuenosAires.In2009,theofficialpovertylevelwas13.2%.Argentinasconstitutionmandatesasepara-tionofpowersintoexecutive,legislative,andjudicialbranchesatt
3、henationalandprovinciallevel.EachprovinceandthefederalcapitalofBuenosAireshaverepresentativegovernmentsandtheirownconstitutionsthatabidebytheclaims,rightsandguaranteesofthenationalConstitution.EachProvinceandthefederalcapitalareresponsibleforitshealthsector,retainingallpowerand
4、authorityinhealthmattersthatarenotexpresslydelegatedtothenationalgovernment.Therateofhighlyqualifiedphysiciansperpopulationisoneofthehighestintheworld(3.16per1,000inhabitantsin2004).Thequalityofhospitalsisuneven.Someinwealthymetropolitanareashavethelatesttechnologyandverywelltra
5、inedphysicians,whilemanyofthehospitalsinpoorprovincesdonotmeetthestandardsascentersforresearchinvolvinghumans.Argentineanphysiciansperceivetheirsalaryasbeingtoolowandareeagertoparticipateinclinicaltrialstocomplementtheirincome.Similarly,sincemanycitizensexperiencedifficultiesacc
6、essingneededmedications,thereisalargepoolofpotentialstudyparticipants.TheauthorsappreciatethevaluablecommentsfromSergioEduardoGonorazky,GonzaloMoyano,LilianaVirginiaSiede,JuanCarlosTealdi,andSusanaVidal.Theauthorshavesoleresponsibilityfortheanalysisandinterpretationofdata.A.Uga
7、ldeDepartmentofSociology,UniversityofTexas,Austin,TX,USAN.Homedes(*)SchoolofPublicHealth,DivisionofManagementPolicyandCommunityHealth,UniversityofTexasHoustonHealthScienceCenter,ElPaso,TX,USAe-mail:nhomedes@utep.eduN.HomedesandA.Ugalde(eds.),ClinicalTrialsinLatinAmerica:WhereEt
8、hics79andBusinessClash,ResearchEthicsForum2,DOI10.1007
