information processing models

《information processing models》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。

1、4InformationProcessingModelsInthischapterIdiscussSLAmodelsthatadheretotheinformation-processingparadigm—thenewerversionofthecognitivetradition.These-lectedmodelsincludeBillVanPatten’s(1996)inputprocessingmodelandSusanGassandLarrySelinker’s(2001)modelofsecondlanguageacquisition.Thediscu

2、ssionofthesemodelsisprecededbyadescriptionoftwotheories:StephenKrashen’sinputhypothesis(1985)andMichaelLong’s(1983b,1996)interactionhypothesis,whichinfluencedtheselectedinformationprocessingmodelsandthefieldofSLAingeneral.Krashen’sInputHypothesisTheimpactofKrashen’sinputhypothesisonthefie

3、ldofsecondlan-guageacquisitionandteachinghasbeenprofound.Hishypothesishasbeentoalargeextentresponsiblefortheintroductionoftwoofthemostcontro-versialissuesinSLAtheoryandpractice.Thesetwoissuesareconnectedwiththerolesofinputandgrammarinstructioninsecondlanguageacquisition.Krashen’sinputh

4、ypothesisispartofhislargertheoreticalframework,whichattemptstoaccountforsecondlanguageacquisitionprocesses.Itconsistsoffivehypotheses:46InformationProcessingModels471.Acquisition-Learning2.NaturalOrder3.Monitor4.Input5.A√ectiveFilterThefirsthypothesisclaimsthatsecondlanguageacquisitionca

5、nbedevel-opedintwoways,bymeansoftwoindependentprocesses:acquisition,whichreferstosubconsciousprocessesthatresultinacquiredknowledge,andlearn-ing,whichreferstoconsciousprocessesthatresultinexplicitknowledgeaboutthegrammaticalpropertiesofasecondlanguage.Krashenadherestothenoninterference

6、positionwithrespecttolearningandacquisition;thatis,knowledgeabouttheformalpropertiesofasecondlanguage,suchasone’sabilitytoexplaintheformoftheEnglishpresentperfecttense,doesnotleadtoacquisition.Incontrasttoacquisition,learningrequirestheformalteach-ingofgrammaticalrulesandstructures.Sin

7、cethisformalteachingdoesnotleadtoacquisition,theteachingofgrammarisrelegatedinKrashen’sframe-worktotheperipheryandisassociatedwiththeoperationofthemonitorhypothesis.Krashen’ssecondhypothesis,thenaturalorderhypothesis,statesthatSLAproceedsaccordingtoawell-definedorder.Thatis,thesecondl