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1、Titelei_Beth17.01.200514:49UhrSeite1T.Beth,G.Leuchs(Eds.)QuantumInformationProcessing2.,revisedandenlargedEditionTitelei_Beth17.01.200514:49UhrSeite1Titelei_Beth17.01.200514:49UhrSeite3QuantumInformationProcessingSecond,revisedandenlargedEditionEditedbyThomasBeth,GerdLeuchsWILEY-VCHVer
2、lagGmbH&Co.KGaATitelei_Beth17.01.200514:49UhrSeite4EditorsAllbookspublishedbyWiley-VCHarecarefullyproduced.Nevertheless,authors,editors,andpublisherProf.Dr.-Ing.ThomasBethdonotwarranttheinformationcontainedintheseUniversitätKarlsruhebooks,includingthisbook,tobefreeoferrors.FakultätfürI
3、nformatikReadersareadvisedtokeepinmindthatstatements,eiss_office@ira.uka.dedata,illustrations,proceduraldetailsorotheritemsmayinadvertentlybeinaccurate.Prof.Dr.GerdLeuchsUniversitätErlangenLibraryofCongressCardNo.:AppliedforInstitutfürOptik,InformationundPhotonikleuchs@physik.uni-erlan
4、gen.deBritishLibraryCataloging-in-PublicationData:AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary1stEdition20032ndEdition2005BibliographicinformationpublishedbyDieDeutscheBibliothekCoverPictureDieDeutscheBibliothekliststhispublicationintheMain:Poincarésphereshowingquantumpo
5、larisationDeutscheNationalbibliografie;detailedbibliographicstatesdataisavailableintheInternetat.CourtesyofChristineSilberhornandJoelHeersinkLowerright:DiagramforacontrolledNOT-gate©2005WILEY-VCHVerlagGmbH&Co.KGaA,WeinheimAllrightsreserved(includingthoseoftranslation
6、intootherlanguages).Nopartofthisbookmayberepro-ducedinanyform–nortransmittedortranslatedintomachinelanguagewithoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublishers.Registerednames,trademarks,etc.usedinthisbook,evenwhennotspecificallymarkedassuch,arenottobeconsideredunprotectedbylaw.PrintedintheFedera
7、lRepublicofGermanyPrintedonacid-freepaperPrintingStraussGmbH,MörlenbachBookbindingLitges&DopfBuchbindereiGmbH,HeppenheimISBN-13:978-3-527-40541-1ISBN-10:3-527-40541-0ContentsPrefaceXVListofContributorsXIX1AlgorithmsforQuantumSystems—QuantumAlgorithms(Th.Beth,M.Grassl,D.Janzing,M.Rött