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1、IEEETRANSACTIONSONSYSTEMS,MAN,ANDCYBERNETICSPARTB:CYBERNETICS,VOL.40,NO.2,APRIL2010493OnCooperativeandEfficientOverlayNetworkEvolutionBasedonaGroupSelectionPatternYufengWangandAkihiroNakaoAbstractInoverlaynetworks,theinterplaybetweennetworkmerousconstituentparts.Ifalltheparticipa
2、tingpeerscontributestructureanddynamicsremainslargelyunexplored.Inthispaper,someoftheirresources,forinstance,bandwidth,memory,orwestudydynamiccoevolutionbetweenindividualrationalstrate-centralprocessingunitcycles,highlyscalabledecentralizedgies(cooperativeordefect)andtheoverlayn
3、etworkstructure,systemscanbebuilt,whichsignificantlyoutperformexistingthatis,theinteractionbetweenpeerslocalrationalbehaviorsandtheemergenceofthewholenetworkstructure.Weproposeanserver-basedsolutions.Unfortunately,inreality,manypeersareevolutionarygametheory(EGT)-basedoverlaytopo
4、logyevolutionselfishandstrivetomaximizetheirownutilitybyexploitingtheschemetodriveagivenoverlayintothesmall-worldstructuresystemwithoutcontributingmuchthemselves.Awell-known(highglobalnetworkefficiencyandaverageclusteringcoefficient).mechanismdesignedtocopewiththefree-ridingproblem
5、isOurcontributionsarethefollowingthreefold:Fromtheviewpointthetit-for-tatpolicy,whichisakindofdirectreciprocity[2]ofpeerslocalinteractions,weexplicitlyconsiderthepeersratio-nalbehaviorandintroducealink-formationgametocharacterizethatisemployedbythepeer-to-peer(P2P)file-distributi
6、onthesocialdilemmaofforminglinksinanoverlaynetwork.Fur-toolBitTorrent[3].However,theselfishbehaviorinoverlaythermore,intheevolutionarylink-formationphase,weadoptanetworkshasnumerousimportantimplications,evenbeyondsimpleeconomicprocess:Eachpeerkeepsonelinktoacooper-thepeersunwilli
7、ngnesstocontributebandwidthormemory.ativeneighborinitsneighborhood,whichcanslightlyspeedupForexample,inunstructuredP2Psystems,apeercanselecttotheconvergenceofcooperationandincreasenetworkefficiency;fromtheviewpointofthewholenetworkstructure,oursimulationwhichandtohowmanyotherpeer
8、sinthenetworkitwantstoresultsshowthattheEGT-bas
