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1、5AutomatedSPMESystemsabaJanuszPawliszyn,DajanaVuckovic,FatemehMirnaghiaandSanjaRisticevicaDepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofWaterloo,Waterloo,Ontario,CanadabDonnellyCentreforCellularandBiomolecularResearch,UniversityofToronto,Toronto,Ontario,Canada5.1AutomatedSolid-Phas
2、eMicroextractionGasChromatographyThefibreconfigurationofsolid-phasemicroextraction(SPME)isbestsuitedforautomationwithgaschromatography(GC),duetoitssimilaritytothetraditionalGCsyringeforliquidinjection.Inprinciple,anyautosamplerthatisabletoper-formsyringeinjectioncanbem
3、odifiedtobecapableofautomatedSPMEGC.ThefirstcommercialversionofthelaboratorySPMEdevicewasintroducedbySupelcoin1993(seeFigure4.3inChapter4).InadditiontostandardPDMScoat-ingsofvariousthicknessesandpolyacrylate,Supelcodevelopednewmixedphasesbasedonsolid/liquidsorption,suc
4、hasCarbowaxs,CARPDMS,polydimethylsi-loxanedivinylbenzene(PDMSDVB)andDVBCARPDMS.NewcoatingsanddevicesareexpectedtofollowasinterestinSPMEgrows,alongwiththeunprecedentednumberofnewapplicationsappearingintheliterature.5.1.1AutomationofFibreSPMEGC1Thefirstreferenceinth
5、eliteraturetoautomatedSPMEanalysiswasbyArthuretal.,publishedevenbeforethefirstcommercialSPMEfibreswerereleased.ThisworkinvolvedadaptingaVarianmodel8100syringeautosamplersothatitcouldacceptanSPMEdevice.Magneticstirringwasusedforagitation.Thiswasachievedbysettingupamicros
6、tirrersothatitwouldbeincloseproximitytothevialbeingsampled.ThefirstcommercialGCautosamplerwithacapabilityforSPMEwasthemodel8200,releasedbyVarianin1993(ZPenton,personalcommunication,2004;JRBerg,personalcommunication,2004).Initially,thisautosamplercouldperformonlystaticsa
7、mplingandwasnottemperaturecontrolled.However,itwasabletostarttheextractionofthenextsample,whilstthepreviousoneunderwentGCanal-2ysis(ZPenton,personalcommunication,2004).During1996,amodifieddevicewaslaunchedthatallowedvibrationofthefibretoagitatethesample,whilein1998,temp
8、eraturecontrolintheformofathermostatedsamplecarouselwasadded(ZPenton,personalcommunication,2004;JRBerg,persona
