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1、•••25•••THEONE-AND-ALLPHILOSOPHY:FA-TSANGOFTHEHUA-YENSCHOOLTHEHua-yenphilosophyrepresentsthehighestdevelopmentofChineseBuddhistthought.Itisthemostsyncretic,andwiththephilosophyofT'ien-t'ai,formsthemetaphysicalbasisofChineseBuddhisminthelastmillennium.ExceptfortheZenSchool,itisthemostC
2、hineseandhasexercisedthegreatestinfluenceonNeo-Confucianthought.TheteachingsoftheschoolarebasedontheHua-yenching(FlowerySplendorScripture)1andforthisreasontheschooliscalledHua-yen(FlowerySplendor).2ButinIndiaitneverexistedasaschool.ItwasinChinathatitbecameamovementandastrongone.Forace
3、nturyafterthetreatisewasfirsttranslatedin420,itattractedlittleattention.Eventuallyinterestwasaroused.Tu-shun(557-640)lecturedandwroteonitandbecamethenominalfounderoftheschool.Therealfounder,however,wasFa-tsang(643-712),whobuiltupanelaborateandwell-coordinatedsystemonthesimpleideasofth
4、escripture.Fa-tsangbecameamonkattwenty-eight.ThereisarecordthatheassistedHsüan-tsang(596-664)inhistranslations,3butfinallyleftbe-causehedidnotagreewithhim.SinceHsüan-tsangdiedbeforeFa-tsangwastwentyorhadjoinedtheorder,therecordisprobablyfiction.Butthepointthestoryisintendedtomakeissig
5、nificant,forthedoctrinesoftheHua-yenandtheConsciousness-OnlySchoolsarestronglyopposedatmanypoints.Fa-tsangwrotesomesixtyworks,themostimportantofwhicharedevotedtotheexpositionoftheHua-yenphilosophy.Heen-joyedthestrongfavorandsupportofEmpressWu(r.684-705),whocommandedhimtolectureonthene
6、wtranslationoftheAvatamsakain699inatemple.Accordingtothestory,hislecturewassomovingthat"eventheearthshook"!About704helecturedbeforetheempress'palaceand,findingphilosophytooabstruseforhertocomprehend,used1AvatamsakasutrainSanskrit.TherearethreeChinesetranslations:the60-chapterversionof
7、420byBuddhabhadra(359-429),TSD,9:395-788,whichisthestandardtext;the80-chapterversionof699bySikshananda(652-710),TSD,10:1-444;andthe40-chapterversionof798byPrajña(dateunknown),TSD,10:661-851).Thelastversionisbutoneofthe40sectionsoftheformertwoscriptures,andofwhichalonethereisinexistenc
8、etheS
