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1、•••29•••THENUMERICALANDOBJECTIVETENDENCIESINSHAOYUNGINSPITEOFitsmetaphysics,Neo-Confucianismasawholeishomo-centric.Itproceedsfrommantoembracethewholeuniverse.InthecaseofShaoYung(ShaoK'ang-chieh,ShaoYao-fu,1011-1077),how-ever,thedirectionisreversed.Tohim,
2、manisonlyoneofmanycrea-tures,thoughthemostimportantone,andheisonlypartofanextensiveprocessofuniversaloperation.Thisisclearfromhismajorconcepts.Shao'sfundamentalconceptsarethree.First,therearethesupremeprinciplesgoverningtheuniverse.Second,theseprinciples
3、canbedis-cernedintermsofnumbers.Andthird,thebestknowledgeofthemistheobjective,thatis,viewingthingsfromtheviewpointofthings.Inholdingthatallthingshaveprinciplesinthem,heisnotdifferentfromotherNeo-Confucianists.Tothisconcept,hedevotedhismajorwork,theHuang-
4、chiching-shihshu(SupremePrinciplesGoverningtheWorld).However,whilehefollowedthesamepatternofcosmicevolu-tionintheBookofChangesasmostotherNeo-Confucianistsdid,thatis,theevolutionfromtheGreatUltimatethroughyinandyangornega-tiveandpositivecosmicforce,tothem
5、yriadthings,headdedtheele-mentofnumber.Tohimuniversaloperation,orChange,isduetospirit,whichgivesrisetonumber,numbertoform,andformtoconcretethings.Thewholeprocessworksaccordingtoprincipleandisnatural.Manisthemostintelligentoftheproductsofnaturalevolution,
6、butlikeallotherthingsheisgovernedbynumbers.Theconceptofnumberisnotnew.ItispresentintheLaoTzu,theBookofChanges,theFiveAgentsSchool,theapocryphalliteratureoftheWesternHanperiod(206B.C.-A.D.8),andYangHsiung(53B.C.-A.D.18),buthewasthefirstonetobasehiswholeph
7、ilosophyonitandbuildasystemofnumericalprogression.EvidentlyundertheinfluenceoftheBookofChangesinwhichtheGreatUltimateengendersthefourformsofmajorandminorcosmicforcesyinandyang,heusedthenum-ber4asthebasisofclassificationofallphenomena.Thustherearethefourh
8、eavenlybodies(sun,moon,stars,andzodiacalspace),thefourearthlysubstances(water,fire,earth,andstone),thefourkindsofcreatures(animals,birds,grass,andplants),thefoursenseorgans(eye,ear,nose,andmouth),thefourwaysoftransformingt
