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1、•••21•••SENG-CHAO'SDOCTRINEOFREALITYTHESEVENSCHOOLSdiscussedintheprecedingchapterrepresentindividualphilosophersandisolatedtheorieswithoutanysystematicphilosophy.Moreover,theyarelargelyChinese.WithSeng-chao(384-414),however,ChineseBuddhistphilosophyenter
2、eduponanewstage:forthefirsttimetherewasasystematicphilosophy.Moreover,hisphilosophyhelpedtorootfirmlyonChinesesoilaBuddhistphilosophyfromIndia,namely,theThree-TreatiseortheMiddleDoctrineSchool.ThecreditforthegrowthofsystematicdevelopmentofBuddhistphiloso
3、phyinChinamustgotoKumarajiva(344-413),foritwashewhofirsttranslatedthereallyphilosophicaltextsintoChineseanditwashisdiscipleswhodevelopedthephilosophies.Hewashalf-Indianandhalf-Kuchen,andbecameamonkatsevenyearsofage.Hehadsuchagreatreputationinthewesternre
4、gionsthatin384akingofFormerCh'in(351-394)sentageneraltobringhimbacktoChina.AfterthegeneralhadkepthiminnorthwesternChinaforseventeenyears,akingofLaterCh'in(384-417)dispatchedanarmytobringhimtothecapitalofCh'ang-anin401.1Thereheenjoyedthehighesthonorsandha
5、dthehighesttitleofNationalTeacherconferredonhim.Overathousandmonkssatinhisdailylectures.Inthecourseofabouttenyears,hetranslatedintoexcellentChineseseventy-twoworksin384chapters.AmonghispupilswerethefamousTenPhilosophers.Ofthese,Seng-chaowashisfirstdiscip
6、le,andphilosophicallythemostoutstanding.Seng-chaowasborninapoorfamilyandhadtoearnhislivingbyrepairingandcopyingbooks.Thisenabledhimtoreadextensivelyinliteratureandhistory,andhetookaspeciallikingtoLaoTzuandChuangTzu.However,afterhereadthetranslationoftheV
7、imalakirti-nirdesasutra(ScriptureSpokenbyVimalakirti),hewasconvincedofthesuperiorityofBuddhism,andbecameamonk.HisnamespreadovertheShensiareaevenwhenhewasstillayoungboy.Around398,whenhewashardlyfifteenyearsold,havingheardofthefameofKumarajiva,hewentfarwes
8、ttobecomehispupilandlaterreturnedwithhimtoCh'ang-an.Besideshelpinghismasterinthetranslations,hewroteanumberoftreatisesofhisown.Ofthese,thetwotranslatedbelowarethemostimportant.Whenhediedhewasbarelythirty-one.21Actuallyhear
