regression analysis回归分析

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1、Geob479January13Astatisticalprocedureusedtofindrelationsamongasetofvariables.BrianKlinkenberg1Geob479January13•Mappingdataenablesustoexamine(describe)wherethingsoccur(e.g.,areaswherethepopulationisoverweight,neighbourhoodswithhighercrimerates)BrianKlinkenberg2Geob479January13•Wecanthenask—w

2、hy?Whatfactorsareassociatedwithareaswherethepopulationisoverweight,withareasthathavehighercrimerates?•Ifwecanbegintounderstandtherelationsamongstthefactors,wecanthenbegintoconsiderpolicyimplications(movingfromdescriptiveanalyses[maps]toprescriptiveconsiderations).BrianKlinkenberg3Geob479Jan

3、uary13•Therearemanydifferentwaysofdevelopinganunderstandingofrelations.•Someofthemethodsinclude:•Correlationanalysis•RegressionanalysisBrianKlinkenberg4Geob479January13•Regressionanalysisallowsyoutomodel,examine,andexplorespatialrelationsandcanhelpexplainthefactorsbehindobservedspatialpatte

4、rns.•Youmaywanttounderstandwhatfactorscontributetohighernumbersofoverweightpeople,tohighercrimerates.•Bymodelingspatialrelations,however,regressionanalysiscanalsobeusedforprediction.Modelingthefactorsthatcontributetoobesitycanhelpplannersidentifyhowpolicycouldhelpreduceobesityrates.•Youmigh

5、talsouseregressiontoexaminethefactorsthatrelatebiodiversitylossestolandscapechanges(Fragstats).BrianKlinkenberg5Geob479January13•OrdinaryLeastSquares(OLS)isthebestknownofallregressiontechniques.Itisalsotheproperstartingpointforallspatialregressionanalyses.Itprovidesaglobalmodelofthevariable

6、orprocessyouaretryingtounderstandorpredict(obesity/biodiversityloss);itcreatesasingleregressionequationtorepresentthatprocess.•Geographicallyweightedregression(GWR)isoneofseveralspatialregressiontechniquesincreasinglyusedingeographyandotherdisciplines.GWRprovidesalocalmodelofthevariableorpr

7、ocessyouaretryingtounderstand/predictbyfittingaregressionequationtoeveryfeatureinthedataset.BrianKlinkenberg6Geob479January13Inregressionanalysis,thereisadependentvariable,whichistheoneyouaretryingtoexplain,andoneormoreindependentvariablesthatarerelatedt