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1、.-ParadiseLostTypeofWorkParadiseLostisanepicpoemwhich—liketheepicpoemsofHomer,Dante,Vergil,andGoethe—tellsastoryaboutmomentouseventswhileincorporatinggrandthemesthataretimelessanduniversal.DateCompletedMiltoncompletedthefirstversionofParadiseLostin1667.Itconsistedof10books.In1668and1669,headdedan
2、introductorycommentabouttheverse-.word.zl.-formandaspecialsectionwithsummariesofeachbook.In1674,hepublishedthefinalversionoftheepic,inwhichhedividedBooks7and10intotwobookseach.Thecompletedworkthushad12booksinsteadof10.Healsoplacedeachsummaryatthebeginningofthebookitsummarized.SourcesMiltonusedthe
3、Bible,Homer'sIliadandOdyssey,Vergil'sAeneid,andthestoriesinGreco-Romanmythologyassourcesofinformationandaswritingmodels.TheBible'sBookofGenesisisthemain-.word.zl.-sourceforhisretellingofthestoryofcreationandthefirsthumans,AdamandEve.SettingsThesettingsareheaven,hell,thefirmament(苍穹)(Chaos),andear
4、th.CharactersGodtheFather,GodtheSon:(trinity)Twoofthethreedivinepersonsmakinguptheall-powerfulGodhead,thesingledeity〔神性〕thatcreatedandruledallthatexistsoutsideofitself.Thethirddivineperson,theHolySpirit,does-.word.zl.-notplayaroleinParadiseLost.GodtheFatherisportrayedasjustbutmerciful,condemning(
5、批判)thedefiant〔目中无人〕andunrepentant(不懊悔的)rebelangelsbutpermittingredemptionoftherepentantAdamandEve.GodtheSonvolunteerstoredeemthembybecominghumanandenduringsufferinganddeath.Satan(Lucifer,Archfiend):Powerfulandpridefulangelwho,withlegions(众多的)ofsupporters,leadsanunsuccessfulrebellionagainstGodands
6、ufferseternaldamnation.Togainrevenge,hedevisesaplantocorruptGod'snewlycreatedbeings,AdamandEve,throughdeceit-.word.zl.-.Modernreadersoftenadmirehimforhissteelydefiance(藐视).Hewouldratherruleinhell,hesays,thanserveinheaven.ItwasnotMilton'sintent,however,tocreateanadmirablecharacter;ratherhisintentw
7、astocreateacharacterofcolossal(巨大的)hatred—loathsome(令人讨厌的),execrable(恶劣的),incurablyremorseless(冷酷无情的).AdamandEve:Thefirsthumanbeings,createdbyGodtofillthevoid〔真空〕thatresultedwhenGodcastSatanandhissupportersoutofthecele
