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1、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译学院：机电工程学院专业：机械设计及其自动化班级：机械四班姓名：学号：MicroscopicMachines1Thesurgeonpicksupasyringeandapproachesthemanontheoperatingtable.Thepatient’scoronaryarteriesaredangerouslycloggedwithfattydeposits,whichmustberemovedtopreventhimfromsufferingaheartattack.Thedoctorinjec
2、tsacloudysolutionintotheveinintheman’sarm.Thesolutioncontainsthousandsofmicroscopic“robotsurgeons”,eachequippedwithatinymotortopropelitthroughthebloodstream,chemicaldetectorsforlocatingthelife-threateningblockages,andminiaturescalpelsforcuttingthemaway.Withinhalfanhour
3、,theswarmsoftinyrobotshavenavigatedthroughthepatient’sbloodvesselstohisheart,locatedthetroublespots,andslicedthelumpy,yellowishdepositsoffthearterywalls.Normalbloodflowhasbeenrestored.2forthetimebeing,suchmedicalscenarioswillhavetoremainonthetechnologicaldreamlist---an
4、dtheymayneverbecomereality.Noonehasbuiltanythingremotelylikethesefictionalmicrorobots.ButscientistsandengineersintheUnitedStatesandelsewherehavealreadymadeavarietyofgears,levers,rotors,andothermechanicalpartsthesizeofspecksofdust.Suchcomponents---madeoftheelementsilico
5、norofmetalsorothermaterials---maysomedaybeassembledintotinyrobotsandvariousotherkindsofmicroscopicmachinesdesignedtoperformspecificfunctions.Thesemicromachineswouldbesosmallthatdozenscouldeasilyfitinsideasesameseed.3Therecentadvancesintheminiaturizationofmachinepartsre
6、presentthebeginningsofanewbranchofengineering,whosepractitionersthinksmall---extremelysmall.Micromachinetechnologyisstillsonewthatitdoesn’tyethaveawidelyacceptedname.Someresearcherscallitmicroengineering,whileothersrefertoitasmicrodynamicsormicromechanics.Whatevertheyc
7、alltheirnewdiscipline,theseengineersworkinarealmwhereobjectsaremeasuredinfractionsofamillimeter.(Onemillimeterisabout0.04inch.)Atthatscale,agrainofsandlookslikeaboulderandmechanicalprinciplessuchasfriction,wear,andlubricationtakeonnew,poorlyunderstoodmeanings.4Suchfact
8、orsmaypresentproblemsthatcannotbeovercome.Iftheycanbesurmounted,however,microengineeringmayusherinarevolutionarynewma
