人教版高中必修五unit1练习题

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BookVUnit1Greatscientists第一部分单元知识掌握目标I.重点词汇1._____________v.断定，得出结论；结束（正式）2._____________vt。打败（敌人、对手）n.失败3._____________vt.出席，参加，照顾，护理，注意vi专心，留意4._____________vt.使暴露，受到，使曝光v.揭露5._____________n.治愈、疗法vt.治愈、治疗6._____________n.挑战vt.向……挑战7._____________vt.怀疑是n.嫌疑犯8.____________vt.污染9._____________n.把手vt.处理、操纵10._____________vt.宣布；通告11._____________vt.吸收；使（精神）贯注；吞并12._____________n.过失，责备vt.责备，谴责13._____________vt.教，教导，命令，指示，通知14._____________vi.&vt.捐助，捐献，贡献；投稿15._____________vt.拒绝（建议、要求）；不接受II.重点短语1._____________提出；提议以供参考2._____________得出结论3._____________除……之外没有/还有4._____________暴露在……下5._____________将……和……联系或链接起来6._____________对……严格的7._____________有意义、讲得通、有道理III重点句式1.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.2.Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.3.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.4.Sobetween1510and1514heworkedonit,graduallyimprovinghistheoryuntilhefeltitwascomplete.5.Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingroundit….重点语法1.动词-ed的形式做表语或定语。动词的-ed形式分为两类：动词类和形容词类。动词-ed形式做定语有的置于被修饰词的前面，有的置于被修饰词的后面。第二部分综合强化练习I.单词拼写1.Diligenceandperseveranceare_____________（特征）ofmostsuccessfulpeople.2.Wecansafelydrawa_____________（结论）thatworld’seconomiccrisiswillgoonforawhile.3._____________（分析）whatyouhaveandthenmakeaplan.9 1.TheGeneralwas_____________（照顾）byseveralexpertdoctorsandrecovered.2.Parentsshould_____________（让……接触）theirchildrentogoodbooksandideas.3.No_____________（受害者）wasfoundinthisaccident.4.Iwasso_____________（吸引）inthebookthatIwouldnotputitdown.5.AssoonasanoutbreakhitLondon,JohnSnowwouldbereadytobeginhis_____________（询问）.6.TheUSisnowfacing_____________（严重的）economicproblems.7.Disasterscannotbe_____________（预见）andweshouldgetpreparedatanymoment..8.Lovecan_____________（联系）parentsandtheirchildren.9.Thegovernmenthas_____________（宣布）planstocreate10,000newjobs.10.Hetolduswith_____________（确定）thateveryonemayhavegoodluckinlife.11.Teachersshould_____________（指导）childrenhowtomakeapracticalplanfortheirstudies.12.Anewschoollibraryisnowunder_____________（建筑）andit’llbecompletednextSeptember.II.根据各句上下文意义，选择正确的单词填入空白处（注意所给单词和短语有多余，所填短语的形式变化）第一组movement,construction,theory,cure,absorb,engine,positive,contribute,characteristiccontrol1.Thenewtunnelhasn’tbeenfinished;itisstillunder_____________.2.Itiskindofnewmedicinecan_____________peopleofheartdisease.3._____________aretomachineswhatheartsaretoanimal4.Asweknow,exercise_____________tobetterhealth.5.Thehotelfirewascompletelyunder_____________themomentthefiremenarrived.6.Theneedtocommunicateisakey_____________humansociety.7.Iamawitness.Iam_____________aboutwhattimeithappened.8.Heseemedtotally_____________inthatbook.WhenIcameinhedidn’tnoticemeatall.9.Accordingtothe_____________ofrelativity,nothingtravelsfasterthanlight.10.Wearinglooseclothinggivesyougreaterfreedomof_____________.第二组handle,serve,enthusiastic,scientific,analyse,complete,blame,valuable,spin,conclude11.Sheisa_____________womanwhoneversmiles.12.Theydidn’tdrawaconclusionuntilcarryingoutlotsof_____________experiments.13.Itcameasa_____________surprisetome.Ineverthoughtofthat.14.Thiskindofgoldwatchisreally_____________.Itcostsalotofmoneytobuyone.15.He_____________hisspeechbywishingeveryoneasafetriphome.16.Suddenlythephonewas_____________outofcontrol.17.Whoisto_____________forthisroadaccident?18.Ittookusalongtimeto_____________whatwentwrong.Andeventuallyweknewtheproblem.19.Shewasevenless_____________aboutgoingtoJapan.20.Sheturnedthe_____________andopenedthedoor.第三组cautious,repeat,reject,pump,virus,announce,expose,defeat,instruct,radium21.I_____________threetimesbuthestillcouldn’trememberit.22.Thisengineisusedfor_____________wateroutofthemine.9 12.Thegovernment_____________yesterdaytothemediaplanstocreateamillionnewjobs.13.Thisisthefirsttimethatourteamhasbeen_____________atabasketballmatch.14.MadameCurieisalwaysrememberedbypeopleasthediscovererof_____________.15.Youwillbe_____________wheretogoassoonasthecarisready.16.Don’t_____________yourselftostrongsunlight;itwillharmyourskin.17.Hewasseriouslyillbecauseofa_____________infection..18.Thisproposalwasfirmly_____________atthemeeting.19.Heisvery_____________aboutcommitting（承诺）himselftoanything.第四组：把下列短语填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填短语的形式变化）Putforward,drawaconclusion,inaddition,link…to…,apartfrom,bestrictwith,leadto,makesense,pointofview,apartfrom20.Youmustorganizeyourcompositionwell._____________,youshouldpayattentiontoyourhandwriting.21.Whathethoughtandsaiddidn’t_____________.22.Itwasbecauseofhiscarelessnessthat_____________hisfailure.23.Myboss_____________meinmynewwork.24.Hewasbraveenoughto_____________objectionsatthemeeting.25.Peter,what’syour_____________onthatmatter?26._____________ChangjiangandHuanghetherearemanyotherriversinchina.27.Afterreadingthearticleonceagainhe_____________.28.Youmayyourmobilephone_____________acomputer.29.Armyishappy_____________thefactthatshecan’tgohomeeveryweek.III句子翻译1._____________________（除了）goingtothepark,Ilimitmyactivitiestomyneighborhood.2.Itisdifficultto________________________________（得出结论）withoutampleevidence.3.Thesescientificenquirieswill______________________（有助于）thesuccessofourproject.4.Heoften________（提出）unusualplans.So,_____（慎重）thembeforeyoudecidedtojoinin.5.Whowasthefirstperson__________（反对）theideathatearthwasthecentreoftheuniverse?.6.Althoughhiswritingdoesn’t____________（有意思）,Fredis__________（确信）thathiscompositionwillscoreahighmark.7.________________________________（每次我打开书）,Ican’thelpreadingitforhours.8.___________（为了阻止交通事故再次发生）,thelocalgovernmenthastakenstrictmeasures.9.Onlywhenyouloseit_________________________（你才能意识到）howvaluabletimeis.10.Nobody________________________________（应受责备）forthisunavoidablemistake.IV语法和词汇A组1.Doyouknowwho___________thePythagoreantheorem?A.putasideB.putoffC.putawayD.putforward2.Workingabroad___________hisweakpoints.A.exposesB.letsoutC.givesoutD.suggests3.Unemploymentisahardproblemto___________.9 A.healB.cureC.treatD.recover1.Hallwas___________ofstealinghisneighbor’snewSUVcar.A.chargedB.curedC.doubtedD.suspected2.The_____________hepipeleaked,I’mafraidRosa___________forit.A.shouldblameB.isblamedC.istobeblamedD.istoblame3.Theterribleweather___________thedelayoftheproject.A.contributestoB.leadstoC.bringsupD.adjuststo4.Ican’tputupwithmyparents,fortheyareverystrict______me_____everything.A.with;inB.with;forC.in;withD.in;for5.Onlywhenyourereadthepoem___________makegoodsenseofit.A.doyouB.youC.canyouD.youcan6.Idon’tthinkit___________toworkwithoutcertainaimsoflife.A.makeadifferenceB.makesgoodsenseC.makestroubleD.makeprofits7.ThechangesCopernicusmade__________theoldtheorywererevolutionaryA.forB.toC.atD.into11.Pleasedon’t___________yourselftoviruseswithoutanyprotection.A.showB.extendC.exhibitD.expose12.Thestormstruckthewholecity,___________manydeaths.A.tocauseB.havingcausedC.causingD.caused13.Theproject___________bytheendofnextmonth.A.iscompletedB.istocompleteC.istobecompletedD.willcomplete14.Wehadapleasanttimeontheseashore,__________theunexpectedterribleweather.A.exceptB.apartfromC.inadditiontoD.without15.Children___________togoodbooksaregoodatthinking.A.exposingB.exposedC.toexposeD.tobeexposed16.SARSisanepidemicdisease.Itishardfor___________peopletobreathe.A.affectingB.affectedC.effectiveD.affective17.A___________iswayofperforminghisplan.A.determiningB.determinedC.convincingD.convinced18.Thepoliceweresearchingfortheperson___________ofhavingstolentheCamrycar.A.suspectB.suspectingC.tobesuspectedD.suspected19.Sorry,mycomputerisoutoforder.I’llhavetoit___________.A.torepairB.repairingC.toberepairedD.repaired20.Thepolicy___________tobeadoptedturnedouttobesetaside.A.beingexpectedB.tobeexpectedC.expectingD.expected完型填空Whenwestudythegreat__1__oftheworld,wefindthattheyareeithervery__2__.Basicthingslikethewheelorverycomplexthingslikethecomputer.Someinventionsweresilly,somedeadlyserious,__3__eventheinventionsthatwerenot__4__werenotallfailureeither.Eachinventionshedsomelightonthegood__5__oftheinventorandtheirquesttoimprovethequalityoflife.Herearesomeinventionfactsandmyths__6__toamaze,inspireandamuseyou.Didyoueverywonderwhytheitem__7__atstoresalwaysseemtoendin99,insteadof9 __8__dollaramounts.Wellseeifyoucanguess__9__thisnewspaperpublisherthoughtitwasagreatidea.Whydiditget__10__?MelvilleStonewasaself-mademan,whoworkedhis__11__upfromnewspapercarriertopublisheroftheChicagoDailyNews.__12__Stonefirststartedhisnewspaperin1875,thepricewasa__13__.Circulationrose__14__atfirst,thenleveledoff.Thensalesstartedlagging.WhenStoneinvestigatedwhy__15__peoplewerebuyinghispaper,hediscoveredtheproblemhadnothingtodowithits__16__.Pennieswereinshortsupply.Stonedecidedhehadtodosomething.FirsthetraveledtotheUnitedStatesmintinPhiladelphiaandbroughtaboutthetransferofbarrelsofpenniestoChicago.Theproblemthenbecame__17__togetthepenniesintocirculation.SoStone__18__Chicagomerchantstosponsor“odd-pricesales,”duringwhichtheywouldselltheirmerchandiseforapenny__19__theregularprices.Theoddpricedidthe__20__.Peoplehadpenniesagain,andStone’sflourished.Andthatiswhystoreitemstodaycosts“$8.99,”or$12.99,insteadofevendollaramount.1.A.historyB.discoveriesC.factsD.inventions2.A.easyB.simpleC.importantD.valuable3.A.butB.soC.thenD.therefore4.A.importantB.sillyC.successfulD.reasonable5.A.intentionsB.benefitC.impressionD.dreams6.A.hopedB.meantC.designedD.had7.A.pricesB.goodsC.workD.product8.A.stillB.evenC.someD.any9.A.howB.ifC.whyD.when10.A.workedB.startedC.runD.begun11.A.wayB.methodC.powerD.strength12.A.whenB.becauseC.duringD.though13.A.coinBpennyC.successD.failure14.A.slowlyB.evenlyC.safelyD.rapidly15.A.manyB.moreC.fewDafew16.A.priceB.valueC.qualityD.quantity17.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.how18.A.helpedB.persuadeC.advisedD.meant19.A.underB.aboveC.aroundD.at20.A.jokeB.trickC.workD.effect阅读理解Batteriescanpoweranythingfromsmallsensorstolargesystems.Whilescientistsarefindingthewaystomakethemsmallerbutevenmorepowerful,problemscanarisewhenthesebatteriesaremuchlargerandheavierthanthedevicesthemselves.UniversityofMissouri(MU)researchersaredevelopinganuclearenergysourcethatissmaller,lighterandmoreefficient.“Toprovideenoughpower,weneedcertainmethodswithenergydensity（密度）,”saidJaeKnown,assistantprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatMU.“Theradioisotope（放射性同位素）batterycanprovidepowerdensitythatismuchhigherthanchemicalbatteries.”Knownandhisresearchteamhavebeenworkingonbuildingasmallnuclearbattery,recentlythesizeandthicknessofapenny,intendedtopowervarious9 micro/nanoelectromechanicalsystems(M/NEWS).Althoughnuclearbatteriescancauseconcerns,Kwonsaidtheyaresafe.“Peopleheartheword‘nuclear’andthinkofsomethingverydangerous,”hesaid.“however,nuclearpowersourceshavealreadybeensafelypoweringavarietyofdevices,suchaspace-makers,spacesatellitesandunderwatersystems.”Hisnewideaisnotonlyinthebattery’ssize,butalsoinitssemiconductor（半导体）.Kwon’sbatteryusesaliquidsemiconductorratherthanasolidsemiconductor.“Thekeypartofusingaradioactivebatteryisthatwhenyouharvesttheenergy,partoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructure（晶体结构）ofthesolidsemiconductor,”Kwonsaid.“byusingaliquidsemiconductor,webelievewecanminimizethatproblem.”TogetherwithJ.DavidRobertson,chemistryprofessorandassociatedirectoroftheMUResearchReactor,Kwonisworkingtobuildandtestthebattery.Inthefuture,theyhopetoincreasethebattery’spower,shrinkitssizeandtrywithvariousothermaterials.Kwonsaidthatthebatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.1.WhichofthefollowingistrueofJaeKwon?A.Heteacheschemicalbattery.B.Hedevelopedachemicalenergysource.C.HeisworkingonanuclearenergysourceD.Hemadeabreakthroughincomputerengineering.2.JaeKwongaveexampleinParagraph4___________.A.ToshowchemicalbatteriesarewidelyappliedB.ToindicatenuclearbatteriescanbesafelyusedC.Todescribeanuclear-powersystemD.Tointroducevariousenergysources3.LiquidsemiconductorisusedtoA.Getridoftheradioactivewaste.B.Testthepowerofnuclearbatteries.C.Decreasethesizeofnuclearbatteries.D.Reducethedamagetolatticestructure4.AccordingtoJaeKwon,hisnuclearbattery___________.A.Usesasolidsemiconductor.B.Willsoonreplacethepresentones.C.Couldbeextremelythin.D.Haspassedthefinaltest5.Thetextismostprobablya___________beforeappearingindailyextlife.A.sciencenewsreportB.bookreviewC.newspaperD.sciencefictionstoryBAnincreaseinstudentsapplyingtostudyeconomicsatuniversityisbeingattributedtotheglobaleconomiccrisisawakeningapublicthirstforknowledgeabouthowthefinancialsystemworks.Applicationfordegreecoursesbeginningthisautumnwereupby15%thisJanuary,accordingtoUCAS,theUniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService.AspokesmanfortheRoyalEconomicSocietysaidapplicationstodoeconomicsatA-levelwerealsoup.ProfessorJohnBeath,thepresidentofthesocietyandaleadinglecturerat9 StAndrewsUniversity,saidhisfirst-yearlectures-whichareopentostudentsfromalldepartments-weredrawingcrowdsof400,ratherthantheusual250.“Therearealargenumberofstudentswhoarenoteconomicsmajors,whowouldliketolearnsomethingaboutit.OneofthethingsIhavedonethisyearistorelatemyteachingtocontemporaryeventsinawaythatonehasn’ttraditionallydone.”Hesaid.Universityapplicationsrose7%lastyear,buttherewereriseaboveaverageinseveralsubjects.Nursingsawa15%jump,withpeople’srenewedinterestincareersinthepublicsector,whichareseenasmoresecureineconomiccrisis.Arecentstudyshowedalmosttwothirdsofparentsbelievedschoolsshoulddomoretoteachpupilsaboutfinancialmatters,andalmosthalfsaidtheirchildrenhadaskedthemwhatwasgoingon,althoughaminorityofparentsfelttheydidnotunderstanditthemselveswellenoughtoexplain.ZackHocking,theheadofChildTrustFunds,said:“it’spossiblethatonegoodthingtoarisefromthedownturnwillbeagenerationthat’sfinanciallywiserandbetterequippedtomanagetheirmoneythroughtimesofeconomicuncertainty.”1.ProfessorJohnBeath’slecturesare___.A.GiveninatraditionalwayB.ConnectedwiththepresentsituationC.OpentobothstudentsandtheirparentsD.Warmlyreceivedbyeconomics2.Careersinthepublicsectoraremoreattractivebecauseoftheir___.A.greaterstabilityB.HigherpayC.FewerapplicationD.etterreputation3.Intheopinionofmostparents,___.A.economicsshouldbethefocusofschoolteachingB.morestudentsshouldbeadmittedtouniversitiesC.theteachingoffinancialmattersshouldbestrengthenedD.childrenshouldsolvefinancialproblemsthemselves4.Accordingtohocking,theglobaleconomiccrisismightmaketheyoungsters___.A.wiserinmoneymanagementB.haveaccesstobetterequipmentC.confidentabouttheirfuturecareersD.getjobsinChildTrustFunds5.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.universitieshavereceivedmoreapplicationsB.economicsisattractinganincreasingnumbersstudentsC.collegestudentsbenefitalotfromeconomicuncertaintyD.parentsareconcernedwithchildren’ssubjectselectionVII阅读表达[1]Thewordaddictionusuallymakesyouthinkofalcoholordrugs,butinmodern-daysocietyweareseeingsomenewkindsofadditions.Somepeoplearecompulsive（难以自制的）shoppers.Othersfinditimpossibletopullthemselvesawayfromtheirwork.StillothersspendcountlesshourswatchingTVorplayingcomputergames.[2]Overtheyears,shoppinghasbecomeaverycommonactivity.Manypeopleenjoygoingtomallorstoresmoreeveryday,butit’smorethanacommonhobbyforsomeofthem.Theyhave9 turnedintoshopabolics.Theyarepeoplewhosimplyenjoyshoppingandwalkingaroundspendingmoneywithoutbeingabletostopdoingit.Theyarehookedonshoppingandusuallybuythingsthattheydon’tneed.Eventhoughtheydon’thaveenoughmoney,theybuyeverythingtheywant.[3]Thequestionis:whydotheyhavethisaddiction?Thereisn’taspecificanswer.Somepeoplegoshoppingwhentheyaresad,worried,upsetorlonelyandtheywanttofeelbetter.Theyusethisactivityasawaytoforgettheirproblems.Shopahlicssaythattheyfeelmoreimportandbetteraftertheybuysomething.Theyalsotendtohavethisadditionwhentheyfeelguilty.[4]Shopaholismseemstobeaharmlessaddition,butitcan_________.Someofthemcanbepsychological.Ifthisisthecase,peopleaddictedtoshoppingshouldgotoasupportgrouptohelpthembreakthishabit.However,theprocess,likeformostaddictions,islong,andtheysufferalot.Itcanalsocausefinancialproblems.Theyjustthinkaboutsatisfyingtheirfeelings,sotheyspendmoneytheydon’thave.Theygetdeepindebt,andtheycanevengobankruptandgetsenttoprison.1.Listthreeactivitiesthatdevelopintoaddictionsbasedonthetext(Pleaseanswerwithin8words).①_____________________________________________________.②_____________________________________________________.③_____________________________________________________.2.What’sthemainideaofParagraph3(Pleaseanswerwithin8words)?_________________________________________.3.Fillintheblankinparagraph4withproperwords.(Pleaseanswerwithin6words)___________________________________________________________.4.Whichsentenceinthetextistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?Accordingly,theseshopoholicsshouldturntoacertainorganizationforhelpsothattheycanstopcompulsiveshopping._________________________________________________________________._________________________________________________________________.5.Translatetheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph2intoChinese._________________________________________________________________.9 写作下周三学校举行“我与科学”主题演讲比赛，为此你准备一篇120词左右的演讲稿，主要包括如下要点：1.自己喜爱的科学家2.该科学家的简单生平3.该科学家的突出贡献4.你喜欢他/她的主要原因9